prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Celebrity Fifteen to One has had more than one appearance by an English writer and former Conservative Member of what?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
David Faber (politician)
David James Christian Faber (born 7 July 1961) is a schoolmaster and former Conservative member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom  He did not seek re-election in 2001, after which he became an author, before in 2010 being appointed as head master of Summer Fields School, Oxford  He is the grandson of the late former Conservative Prime Minister Harold Macmillan (1894–1986) 

Family and early life
The son of Julian and Lady Caroline Faber, Faber comes from an aristocratic political family drawn from the Whig and latterly the Conservative traditions  His maternal grandfather Harold Macmillan was Prime Minister at the time of his birth  His maternal grandmother, Lady Dorothy Cavendish, was descended from three Prime Ministers, the 4th Duke of Devonshire (1756–1757), the 2nd Earl of Shelburne (1782–1783) and the 3rd Duke of Portland (1783 and 1807–1809)  Faber's great-great-great-granduncle was Lord Hartington and his great-grandfather Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire was also a statesman  His mother’s cousins included Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire, who was married to Deborah Mitford, and Andrew's elder brother William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, who was married to Kathleen Kennedy, the sister of  U S  President John F  Kennedy and Senators Robert F  Kennedy and Edward M  "Ted" Kennedy  His uncle Maurice Macmillan was a leading figure of Edward Heath's 1970s government 
Faber was educated at Summer Fields School, Summertown; and then at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford 

Life and career
Faber first stood for Parliament, unsuccessfully, in 1987 at Stockton North, where he was defeated by Labour's Frank Cook 
He worked in marketing and as a political assistant to Jeffrey Archer before entering the House of Commons in 1992 as Conservative Member of Parliament for Westbury  He was parliamentary private secretary to the Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1994 to 1996, and then to the Secretary of State for Health, from 1996 to 1997  In opposition, after the Conservatives lost the 1997 general election, he was their front bench spokesman on Foreign and Commonwealth affairs, until 1998  He served as a member of several Parliamentary select committees: Social Security, 1992–1997, Culture, Media and Sport, 1998 to 2001, and the Public Accounts Committee, 2000–2001 In 1997, he was reported to be a director of Sterling Marketing, and in 1998 was a director of Freestream Aircraft Faber stood down from parliament at the 2001 general election, to be succeeded by fellow Conservative Andrew Murrison, when he began a new career as a writer  His book Speaking for England: Leo, Julian and John Amery, the tragedy of a political family (2005) was about Julian Amery, his uncle by his (Amery's) marriage to Faber's maternal aunt, Julian's father Leo, and brother John, who was executed after the Second World War for high treason 
In 2009, he was appointed as head of his old prep school, Summer Fields, with effect from September 2010 
Faber married firstly Sally Gilbert, a television weather presenter, and they had one son together, Henry, but later divorced, with Faber citing James Hewitt as co-respondent  He married secondly Sophie Amanda Hedley, and they have two daughters   He is a past committee member of the Marylebone Cricket Club, the governing body of the game of cricket, managing an MCC tour of Canada in 2001  He is also  a member of White's 

Books
David Faber, Munich (Simon & Schuster) – about the events of 1937–1938 and the Munich Conference
David Faber, Speaking for England: Leo, Julian and John Amery  (Simon & Schuster, 2005) – the Amery family and World War II ISBN 1-4165-2596-3
Passage 2:
Marina Yannakoudakis
Marina Yannakoudakis (born 16 April 1956) is a member of the European Economic and Social Committee and a former Conservative Member of the European Parliament for London  She was elected at the 2009 European Parliament election  She lost her seat at the 2014 election 

Early years
Yannakoudakis was born in Paddington  She studied for a BSc in government, politics and modern history at Brunel University, where she was chairman of the Conservative students, and also received an MA in education from the Open University 
She was a member of Barnet London Borough Council for Oakleigh Park Ward from 2006 to 2010 where she was chair of the Cleaner, Greener, Transport and Development Overview & Scrutiny Committee 

Member of the European Parliament
She was a full member of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality, the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety and a substitute member of the Special Committee on Organised Crime, Corruption and Money Laundering  She was a member of the Delegation to the EU-Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Joint Parliamentary Committee She was also a member of the High-Level Contact Group for relations with the Turkish Cypriot community in the northern part of the island and was the Conservative and the European Conservatives and Reformists spokesman on Women's Rights and Gender Equality 

Women's Rights
Yannakoudakis campaigned against EU plans to give women 20 weeks maternity leave on full pay  She led calls in the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality for an impact assessment of the legislation to be conducted which resulted in the proposals being shelved  She has also spoken out against EU proposals to have a quota for women on boardrooms, where she described the proposals as "patronising" >She pushed for a redress to the Test Achats vs Council of Ministers case, a European Court of Justice ruling which determined it was illegal for insurance companies to discriminate on the basis of gender in the European Union Yannakoudakis also worked on issues related to women and entrepreneurship and child protection Yannakoudakis led a campaign in the European Parliament against female genital mutilation 

Health and Environment
In the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety she concentrated on public health issues, where she spoke out on the need for stricter rules for EU doctors as well as ensuring that MRI scanner rules are not over-regulated by EU law  She drafted the committee's report on the voluntary donation of tissues and cells which called for more donations of cord blood for stem cell transplants  She is the committee's contact point for the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 
Yannakoudakis led a campaign to ensure that EU rules do not make it more difficult for electronic cigarette users to access e-cigs 

Cyprus and LGBT Rights
Yannakoudakis worked to support efforts to find people who went missing during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus and Cypriot intercommunal violence  She was a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights  She has campaigned for the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Northern Cyprus  She met and received assurances from Turkish Cypriot leader Dr  Derviş Eroğlu that he would sign a repeal of the gay ban into law and by putting pressure on the authorities in the north she was instrumental in overturning the anti-gay law She supported LGBT rights by co-authoring a resolution on LGBT rights in Africa especially the protection of lesbians and called on the EU to suspend its aid to Uganda in light of the Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Bill 

Opposition to EU Policy
Yannakoudakis was strongly opposed to the introduction of a European Union financial transaction tax which she believed would have an adverse effect on the City of London  She has also campaigned to protect companies in her constituency threatened by EU rules including Prudential plc  She led a cross-party multi-national campaign to secure a level playing field for sugar cane refiners, including London's Tate & Lyle where jobs are under threat She led campaigns to seek savings in the EU budget  She raised concerns about spending on EU orchestras and has called for cuts to be made to the European Personnel Selection Office  and the Agencies of the European Union  She criticised the EU spending €2 million a year on Europe Day Yannakoudakis made a number of comments on the enlargement of the EU  She voted against the accession of Iceland to the European Union citing the ongoing Icesave dispute as an obstacle to EU membership  Yannakoudakis called for Iceland to fully compensate all UK depositors, especially the London councils which had invested surplus money  She also opposed a European Parliament report recommending the accession of Turkey to the European Union citing concerns about Ankara's failure to fully respect women's and minority rights, especially Kurds in Turkey  She also criticised Turkey's refusal to work with the 2012 Cypriot Presidency of the Council of the European Union 

Personal life
She married her Greek-born husband, Zacharias Yannakoudakis, in 1983  She was finance director of the company that they founded and ran together until her election; the couple has three children  The family lives in Barnet 
Passage 3:
Jonathan Aitken
Jonathan William Patrick Aitken (born 30 August 1942) is a British author, Church of England priest, convicted criminal and former Conservative Party politician  Beginning his career in journalism, he was elected to Parliament in 1974 (serving until 1997), and was a member of the cabinet during John Major's premiership from 1992 to 1995  That same year, he was accused by The Guardian of misdeeds conducted under his official government capacity  He sued the newspaper for libel in response, but the case collapsed, and he was subsequently found to have committed perjury during his trial  In 1999, he was sentenced to 18 months in prison, of which he served seven months 
Following his imprisonment, Aitken became a Christian and later became the honorary president of Christian Solidarity Worldwide  He was ordained as an Anglican priest in 2019 

Family
Aitken's parents were Sir William Traven Aitken, KBE, a former Conservative MP, and The Honourable Penelope, Lady Aitken, MBE, JP, daughter of The 1st Baron Rugby  Aitken is a great-nephew of the newspaper magnate and war-time minister, The 1st Baron Beaverbrook  His sister is the actress Maria Aitken and his nephew is the actor Jack Davenport  He is godfather to James Abbott, the son of Labour left-winger Diane Abbott In 1979, Aitken married Lolicia Olivera Azucki, a daughter of O  Azucki of Zurich, Switzerland; they divorced in 1998  With his first wife, he had twin daughters and one son, Alexandra and Victoria Aitken, and William Aitken respectively Aitken married his second wife, The Hon  Elizabeth Harris, daughter of The 1st Baron Ogmore, TD, PC, and former wife of actors Richard Harris and Sir Rex Harrison, in June 2003 In 1999, DNA testing confirmed that Petrina Khashoggi, putative daughter of billionaire arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi, was Aitken's biological child, the result of an affair with Khashoggi's wife Soraya (née Sandra Daly) 
The paternity of Aitken himself has similarly been under question  In December 2008, Dutch historian Cees Fasseur said Aitken was the result of a wartime affair between Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands and Penelope Aitken 

Early life
Aitken was born in Dublin, Ireland  His grandfather, Sir John Maffey (who was created The 1st Baron Rugby in February 1947), was the first official British representative to the newly independent Irish state, being appointed in October 1939, at a time when Anglo-Irish relations were strained but improving  Maffey's official title was "United Kingdom Representative to Éire"  Aitken's baptism took place on 16 October 1942 at St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, an Anglican church, at which he was named "Jonathan William Patrick Aitken"  The third name, "Patrick", was included at a late stage owing to the unexpected international importance of the occasion –- one of the Irish papers reported "British envoy's grandson is a real Paddy"  The Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera, who knew his grandparents, asked to attend the christening and his presence at the baptism was symbolic of improving Anglo-Irish relations  Also attending was Princess Juliana (later to become Queen Juliana of the Netherlands) as his godmother Aitken contracted tuberculosis, and at four years of age was admitted to Cappagh Hospital, Dublin, where he was an inpatient on a TB ward for more than three years, being cared for and educated by Catholic nuns  His father was severely injured as an RAF pilot when his Spitfire was shot down during the Second World War Aitken recovered and was discharged from the hospital aged seven  He lived with his parents at Halesworth, Suffolk, and learnt to walk properly again within a few months Aitken attended Eton College and read law at Christ Church, Oxford  His career initially followed a similar path to the post-war career of his father, who became a journalist and then the Conservative Member of Parliament for Bury St Edmunds 

Journalism and business
He served as a war correspondent during the 1960s in Vietnam and Biafra, and gained a reputation for risk-taking when he took LSD in 1966 as an experiment for an article in the London Evening Standard and had a bad trip: "this drug needs police, the Home Office and a dictator to stamp it out" He was also a journalist at Yorkshire Television from 1968 to 1970, presenting the regional news show Calendar  Aitken was the first person to be seen on screen from Yorkshire Television when it began broadcasting In 1970, Aitken was acquitted at the Old Bailey for breaching section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911, when he photocopied a report about the British government's supply of arms to Nigeria, and sent a copy to The Sunday Telegraph and to Hugh Fraser, a pro-Biafran (Nigerian Civil War) Tory MP  As a result of the case he was dropped as the Conservative candidate for the Thirsk and Malton parliamentary constituency Aitken was managing director of the Middle Eastern division of Slater Walker in 1973-75 and chairman of R  Sanbaar Consultants Ltd from 1976 to at least 1982, and a director of arms exporting firm BMARC from 1988 to 1990 

Parliamentary career
Aitken initially worked in parliament as private secretary to Conservative MP Selwyn Lloyd in 1964–66 Defeated at Meriden in the West Midlands in 1966 and dropped from standing for Thirsk and Malton (above), he was elected as MP for Thanet East in the February 1974 general election; from 1983 he sat for South Thanet   He managed to offend PM Margaret Thatcher by ending a relationship with her daughter, Carol Thatcher, and suggesting that Thatcher "probably thinks Sinai is the plural of Sinus" to an Egyptian newspaper  He stayed on the backbenches throughout Thatcher's premiership, as well as participating in the re-launch of TV-AM, when broadcaster Anna Ford threw her wine at him to express her outrage at both his behaviour and the unwelcome consequent transformation of the TV station 

Opens Hollis affair
Aitken wrote a highly confidential letter to Thatcher in early 1980, dealing with allegations that the former Director-General of MI5, Sir Roger Hollis, had been a double agent also working for the Soviet Union  This information had come to Aitken from retired CIA spymaster James Angleton  Espionage historian Chapman Pincher obtained a copy of the letter, and used former MI5 officers Peter Wright and Arthur Martin as his main additional secret sources, to write the sensational book Their Trade is Treachery in 1981  This matter continued being highly controversial throughout the 1980s, and led to Wright eventually publishing his own book Spycatcher in 1987, despite the government's prolonged Australian court attempts to stop him from doing so 

Minister of State for Defence Procurement
Aitken became Minister of State for Defence Procurement under prime minister John Major in 1992  He was later accused of violating ministerial rules by allowing an Arab businessman to pay for his stay in the Paris Ritz, perjured himself and was jailed (see below) Aitken had previously been a director of BMARC, an arms exporter during 1988–1990  In 1995, a Commons motion showed that while a Cabinet minister he had signed a controversial Public Interest Immunity Certificate (PIIC) in September 1992 relating to the Matrix Churchill trial, and that the "gagged" documents included ones relating to the supply of arms to Iran by BMARC for a period when he was a director of the company 

Chief Secretary to the Treasury
He became Chief Secretary to the Treasury in 1994, a Cabinet position, but resigned in 1995 following the allegations that he had violated ministerial rules 
He was defeated in the 1997 general election  Within a year he had been appointed as a representative for the arms company GEC-Marconi (part of BAE Systems since November 1999) 

Libel, arrest and prison
Libel action
On 10 April 1995, The Guardian carried a front-page report on Aitken's dealings with leading Saudis  The story was the result of a long investigation carried out by journalists from the newspaper and from Granada Television's World in Action programme  The Guardian also alleged Aitken as Minister for Defence Procurement, arranged prostitutes for Arab businessmen  Granada's World in Action programme repeated the accusation in a television documentary called Jonathan of Arabia Aitken had called a press conference at the Conservative Party offices in Smith Square, London, at 5 p m  that same day denouncing the claims and demanding that the World in Action documentary, which was due to be screened three hours later, withdraw them  He said:

If it falls to me to start a fight to cut out the cancer of bent and twisted journalism in our country with the simple sword of truth and the trusty shield of British fair play, so be it  I am ready for the fight  The fight [is] against falsehood and those who peddle it  My fight begins today  Thank you and good afternoon 
The World in Action film Jonathan of Arabia was transmitted as planned and Aitken carried out his threat to sue  The action collapsed in June 1997 (a month after he had lost his seat in the 1997 general election) when  The Guardian and Granada produced, via their counsel George Carman QC, evidence countering his claim that his wife, Lolicia Aitken, paid for the hotel stay at the Ritz Hotel in Paris  The evidence consisted of airline vouchers and other documents showing that his wife had, in fact, been in Switzerland at the time when she had allegedly been at the Ritz in Paris  The joint Guardian/Granada investigation indicated an arms deal scam involving Aitken's friend and business partner, the Lebanese businessman Mohammed Said Ayas, a close associate of Prince Mohammed of Saudi Arabia  It was alleged that Aitken had been prepared to have his teenage daughter Victoria lie under oath to support his version of events, had the case continued A few days after the libel case collapsed, World in Action broadcast a special edition, which echoed Aitken's "sword of truth" speech  It was titled "The Dagger of Deceit" 
During this time, it emerged that when Aitken was being encouraged to resign, he was chairman of the secretive right-wing think-tank Le Cercle, alleged by Alan Clark to be funded by the CIA 

Perjury conviction and imprisonment
Aitken was charged with perjury and perverting the course of justice and, after pleading guilty on 8 June 1999 to both offences, was sentenced to jail for 18 months of which he served almost seven months as a custodial sentence  While Aitken was sentenced Mr Justice Scott Baker said Aitken had breached trust inexcusably  Scott Baker told Aitken: "For nearly four years you wove a web of deceit in which you entangled yourself and from which there was no way out unless you were prepared to come clean and tell the truth  Unfortunately you were not "During the preceding libel trial, his wife Lolicia, who later left him, was called as a witness to sign a supportive affidavit to the effect that she had paid his Paris hotel bill, but did not appear  In the end, with the case already in court, investigative work by The Guardian reporters into Swiss hotel and British Airways records showed that neither his daughter nor his wife had been in Paris at the time in question 

Bankruptcy
Aitken was unable to cover the legal costs of his libel trial and was declared bankrupt  As part of the bankruptcy, his trustees settled legal actions against the magazine Private Eye, over the claims it had made that Aitken was a "serial liar"  He also became one of the few people to resign from the Privy Council  Aitken's wife and three daughters turned up to support him when he was sentenced 

Christian faith
Aitken attended the Alpha Course in 1997, which he said stirred his interest in Christianity  He attended the course on further occasions prior to imprisonment  After being imprisoned in 1999, he began to study the Bible, learned Greek, and became a student of Christian theology at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford  This part of his life is covered in two autobiographical works called Pride and Perjury and Porridge and Passion 
Aitken's claim that he had found God was met with some scepticism  Aitken said: "In a different era, I'd have been one of the cynics myself  If I'd had a parliamentary colleague who’d got into trouble, gone to jail and come out saying, 'I've found God', I'd have said, 'Oh, how very convenient for him' "
The Guardian might insist that Aitken demonstrate the sincerity of repentance by repaying the whopping legal bill of one-and-half-million pounds he landed on them by his dishonest libel action  He was allowed to drop the case on promising to pay costs, but then escaped from the liability when he declared himself bankrupt and revealed that most of his apparent assets turn out to be conveniently owned by other people  The Guardian still believe he has more resources than he will admit 
In 2000 he said that he would not become a vicar because he considered himself not worthy of the office and "wouldn't like to give dog-collars a bad name" In 2006 Aitken became honorary president of Christian Solidarity Worldwide 

Ordained ministry
On 30 June 2018, Aitken was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon by Sarah Mullally, the Bishop of London  Since then he has served as a non-stipendiary minister at St Matthew's Church, Westminster and as a  chaplain of Pentonville Prison Exactly one year after becoming deacon, on 30 June 2019, Aitken was ordained as an Anglican priest in St Mary's Church, Stoke Newington, also by the Bishop of London 

Political comebacks
In early 2004, some constituency party members in Aitken's former seat of South Thanet proposed that he should return as Conservative candidate for the seat in the 2005 general election  This was vetoed by Conservative Party leader Michael Howard Aitken later confirmed that he would not attempt a return to Parliament, saying that "the leader has spoken  I accept his judgement with good grace " He denied rumours he was to stand as an independent candidate insisting that he was not a "spoiler" 
Aitken later declared his support for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) a week before the party's equally strong performance as the Liberal Democrats, with both parties winning 12 seats each in the 2004 European elections  On 2 October 2004, Aitken attended the (UKIP) conference and re-iterated his support for the party 
In November 2007, with the approval of senior members of the shadow cabinet, he took charge of a task force on prison reform within Iain Duncan Smith's Centre for Social Justice to help formulate Conservative Party policy  Aitken said this was not part of a political comeback  Conservative spokesmen pointed out that the task force is independent of the party, even though the organisation was run by Iain Duncan Smith  The report Locked Up Potential: A Strategy to Reform our Prisons and Rehabilitate our Prisoners was published in March 2009 

Parliamentary access
In September 2020, it was revealed that the former Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, awarded Aitken a parliamentary pass despite the House of Commons claiming that former MPs who had been sentenced to a period of imprisonment of one year or more were ineligible   In September 2020 Aitken had held a pass continuously since at least December 2015 

Works
The Young Meteors
In his early book The Young Meteors (London: Secker & Warburg, 1967; New York: Atheneum, 1967), Aitken profiled the brightest lights among the younger generation in Britain, and particularly London, with a hint in the title that many of these were likely to burn and crash  Hunter Davies, one of the people profiled, has pointed out that such lists of the promising were then common in The Sunday Times, but unusual as books  Much later, Craig Taylor in 2003 observed that those profiled who were still burning brightly included Michael Caine, David Bailey, Twiggy, David Frost and Don McCullin  Taylor found it humdrum, but:

the book is worth re-examining these many years later for one reason  Aitken, it has been shown over time, is a figure we can always learn something from, a kind of walking, well-groomed Grimm's fairy tale        In [this book] he intuits the popularity and importance of unquantifiable lists of who is hot, young and going places 
Aitken himself in 2003 had a low opinion of the book: "In terms of style, it was certainly the worst book I've ever written"  Yet the title was memorable: it was consciously adopted by Martin Harrison for a survey of the British photojournalism (including Bailey and McCullin) of about the same period 

Nazarbayev and the Making of Kazakhstan: From Communism to Capitalism
In 2009 Aitken published a biography of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the President of Kazakhstan, with the subject's cooperation  The Diplomat observed that the publisher’s note "describes Nazarbayev as a 'widely admired' leader, which is an interesting descriptor for a political leader who has never won an election deemed free or fair " Aitken received a Kazakh award for his "huge contribution to making Kazakhstan popular in the world and promoting its global reputation" The book sold only 466 copies and was widely panned by critics, The Guardian noting that the book "relies, for supporting evidence, on the good opinions of his [Nazarbayev's] friends (or of those too cowed to utter a word out of place)  It becomes curiously tolerant when oppression, corruption and galloping megalomania are on the menu " The review also described it as "a fascinating, cleverly orchestrated snow job: quite probably the hagiography of the year " The London Review of Books wrote that the flattery within the biography ranged "from the banal to the cringing " Eurasianet wrote that it was a "hagiography" that was part of Nazarbayev's personality cult In 2021, documents leaked in the Pandora papers suggested that Aitken was paid £166,000 for writing the book by organisations with links to the Government of Kazakhstan, despite Aitken telling Reuters at the time of the publication "that he had not received any payment from the government " One invoice from Aitken's firm dated April 2009 for £33,333 is marked as "agreed final instalment fee for book project" 

Other books
Aitken has written several Christian religious books since his release from prison  Aitken has published two books of prayers, Prayers for People under Pressure (2006),
and Psalms for People Under Pressure (2004), and wrote a biography of the English slaver and Anglican clergyman John Newton, John Newton: From Disgrace to Amazing Grace, in 2007 Aitken has written several biographies of political figures, including the President of the United States Richard Nixon (Nixon: A Life, 1993)  Although his was not an authorised biography, Aitken was one of the few biographers from whom Nixon accepted questions and to whom he granted interviews   He also wrote on Nixon's co-conspirator in the Watergate scandal, Charles Colson (Charles W  Colson: A Life Redeemed, 2005)  Colson had assisted Aitken in his biography of Nixon, and had later corresponded with Aitken urging him to repent in the wake of the Guardian libel case  Aitken published a book of personal recollections of Margaret Thatcher, Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality, after her death in 2013 

Bibliography
A Short Walk On The Campus (1966, with Michael Beloff)
Young Meteors (1967)
Land of Fortune: A Study of the New Australia (1970)
From John Bull to Uncle Sam: How to Run An Empire (1970)
Officially Secret (1971)
A British View of the Middle East Situation (1976)
Nixon: A Life (1993)
Pride and Perjury: An Autobiography (2003)
Psalms for People Under Pressure (2004)
Porridge and Passion: An Autobiography (2005)
Charles W  Colson: A Life Redeemed (2005)
Prayers for People under Pressure (2006)
Heroes and Contemporaries (2007)
John Newton (2007)
Nazarbayev and the Making of Kazakhstan: From Communism to Capitalism (2009)
Kazakhstan and Twenty Years of Independence (2012)
Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality (2013)
Doing Time: A Spiritual Survival Guide (2021, with Edward Smyth)

See also
Jeffrey Archer, Aitken's contemporary, another Conservative politician imprisoned for perjury
Chris Huhne, Liberal Democrat politician, imprisoned for perverting the course of justice
Passage 4:
Christine Hamilton
Mary Christine Hamilton (née Holman; born 10 November 1949) is an English media personality and author  She is married to Neil Hamilton, the former Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton 
Hamilton and her husband have become prominent supporters of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), with Neil standing for a local council seat in the 2014 local elections  Neil Hamilton's application to become a European Parliamentary candidate for UKIP was rejected in 2013, though he had been elected to UKIP's National Executive Committee in 2011 

Early life
Hamilton's father was a GP in Ringwood, Hampshire and she grew up in the New Forest area  She attended Wentworth College, an independent boarding school for girls in Bournemouth and a co-educational Grammar School in Christchurch, Hampshire  She then studied sociology at the University of York and first met Neil Hamilton when they both attended a student political conference  In 2006, they released a song coinciding with the World Cup, "England Are Jolly Dee" 

Career
MP's secretary
Hamilton spent many years working as secretary to various Conservative MPs, first Wilfred Proudfoot MP for Brighouse and Spenborough, then Gerald Nabarro, MP for South Worcestershire  She stood behind Nabarro as he spoke on the steps of Winchester Court after being cleared on appeal of a motoring offence  Hamilton worked as her husband's secretary following their 1983 marriage  Neil Hamilton eventually reached the post of Minister for Corporate Affairs between 1992 and 1994 in Prime Minister John Major's government  Neil Hamilton became embroiled in the Cash-for-questions affair, and the former BBC broadcaster Martin Bell stood against him for the Tatton seat at the 1997 general election  Bell campaigned as an ‘anti-sleaze’ candidate, and Christine Hamilton confronted him during a televised press conference on Knutsford Heath, which brought her to public prominence  Hamilton later described the confrontation with Bell as "   the making of me " The journalist John Sweeney later published Purple Homicide, an account of the campaign for the Tatton seat  Neil Hamilton's later failure in a libel case against the Egyptian businessman, Mohamed Al-Fayed, would lead to her husband's bankruptcy  Their home in Nether Alderley, Cheshire was sold to the market for £1 25 million 

Entertainment personality
After Hamilton's electoral defeat, Christine and her husband appeared together on the satirical BBC quiz show Have I Got News for You, on 9 May 1997, an appearance that established her as a chat-show personality and she subsequently appeared on programmes including her own Christine Hamilton Show on BBC Choice where she interviewed celebrities who suffered some form of adversity, including Jonathan Aitken, James Hewitt, Bernard Manning, Ivana Trump, Paul Merson and John Fashanu  The Hamiltons were the subjects of an episode of Louis Theroux's 2001 documentary series When Louis Met    Hamilton has described herself as a "media butterfly" and has appeared on a variety of television shows since her husband's electoral defeat  Hamilton came third in the first series of the reality television programme, I'm a Celebrity   Get Me Out of Here! in 2002, and reached the final of Celebrity Masterchef in 2010  Hamilton appeared on Have I Got News for You in 2002 and taunted presenter Angus Deayton over recent tabloid revelations about his personal life In the theatre, Hamilton has appeared in pantomime in Jack and the Beanstalk at the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford in 2002, as the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella at the Kettering Lighthouse Theatre in 2011 and has taken the role of the narrator for The Rocky Horror Show musical  Hamilton toured her one-woman show, Share an Evening with Christine Hamilton, in 2003, and has appeared several times in Eve Ensler's play The Vagina Monologues, including its 2005 West End run at Wyndhams Theatre, where she appeared alongside Jenny Eclair and Heather Small  The Hamiltons appeared at the Edinburgh Festival in 2006 with their show, Lunch with the Hamiltons, at the Pleasance Dome in 2006 Hamilton was the face of 'British Sausage Week' in 2005 and the judge of 'Mr Gay Torbay' in 2009  Hamilton legally changed her name by deed poll to 'Mrs British Battleaxe' in February 2009 as a promotion for an online deed service company  She later regretted the decision 

Media commentator, presenter and writer
Hamilton has appeared on numerous topical television programmes including GMTV, Loose Women, This Week, The Alan Titchmarsh Show, This Morning and The Wright Stuff  Hamilton has also been a dictionary corner guest on Countdown Hamilton also interviewed successful women in business for the digital channel Simply Money, has presented programmes on Sky Digital's Destination Lunch, and stood in for Gloria Hunniford and Fern Britton on Open House and This Morning As a writer Hamilton published The Book of British Battleaxes in 1999, and an autobiography, For Better For Worse: Her Own Story, in 2005  Hamilton has also written columns for Western Daily Press and the gay magazine Refresh 

False allegation
Along with her husband, she was arrested in May 2001 by police investigating an alleged rape that was found to be false  Their accuser, Nadine Milroy-Sloan, was charged with attempting to pervert the course of justice, and in 2002 sentenced to 3 years imprisonment for making the false accusations 
Passage 5:
Gyles Brandreth
Gyles Daubeney Brandreth (born 8 March 1948) is an English broadcaster, writer and former politician  He has worked as a television presenter, theatre producer, journalist, author and publisher 
He was a presenter for TV-am's Good Morning Britain in the 1980s, and has been regularly featured on Channel 4's game show  Countdown and the BBC's The One Show  On radio, he makes frequent appearances on the BBC Radio 4 programme Just a Minute 
In 1992, Brandreth was elected to the House of Commons as the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for the City of Chester constituency  He served until he was defeated in 1997, and resumed his career in the media  He has written both fiction and non-fiction books, and makes appearances as a public speaker 

Early life
Brandreth was born on 8 March 1948 in Wuppertal, West Germany, where his father, Charles Brandreth, was serving as a legal officer with the Allied Control Commission  He moved to London with his parents at the age of three and was educated at the Lycée Français in South Kensington, and Bedales School in Petersfield, Hampshire, where he met his friend Simon Cadell Brandreth studied Modern History and Modern Languages at New College, Oxford, where he met Rick Stein  While at Oxford, he directed the Oxford University Dramatic Society and was President of the Oxford Union in Michaelmas term, 1969, and was a regular contributor to the university magazine Isis  He was described in a contemporaneous publication as "Oxford's Lord High Everything Else"  Christopher Hitchens suggested that Brandreth "set out to make himself into a Ken Tynan  Wore a cloak "

Television
Brandreth has appeared in the Dictionary Corner on the game show Countdown more than 300 times, including Carol Vorderman's final edition in 2008, making more appearances than any other guest  He appeared on TV-am's Good Morning Britain  He was known for his collection of jumpers, of which some were sold in a charity auction in 1993 
Brandreth hosted the short-lived game show Public Opinion in 2004  In 2006 he appeared on the television series That Mitchell and Webb Look, on the fictional game show "Numberwang", satirising his appearances in Countdown's Dictionary Corner  In 2007 he guest-starred in the Doctor Who audio play I D   From July to August 2009 he hosted the game show Knowitalls on BBC Two  In April 2010 he appeared on BBC Radio 4's Vote Now Show  He made a cameo appearance as himself in Channel 4 sitcom The IT Crowd, in the episode "The Final Countdown" 
A frequent guest on BBC television panel shows, he has appeared on six episodes of QI and six episodes of Have I Got News for You  He has appeared in episodes of Channel 5's The Gadget Show, and is a contributor to the BBC's early evening programme The One Show 
He appeared on Room 101 in 2005, while Paul Merton was host, successfully banishing the Royal Variety Performance and the British honours system into Room 101, saying that he would never accept an honour himself  In 2013 he clarified that position, stating that he had "no fundamental objection to the honours system", and that he selected the honours system for Room 101 because he could "tell funny stories about it" In October 2019, Brandreth appeared in series 3 of Richard Osman's House of Games, winning two of the five episodes 
Also in 2019, Brandreth appeared on series 1 of Celebrity Gogglebox alongside Sheila Hancock  In 2020 and 2021, Brandreth returned for Series 2 and 3, alongside Maureen Lipman  In 2022, he appeared in the series with Joanna Lumley and Carol Vorderman  In 2023, he returned with Lumley for Series 5, as well as Susie Dent 
In 2020, Brandreth and actor Sheila Hancock replaced Timothy West and Prunella Scales in a two-episode series of Great Canal Journeys, travelling down the River Thames  In the first episode Timothy West gave the two novice canal boaters a crash course in barging  They went down the Staffordshire Waterways in 2021 for another two-episode series On 16 October 2021, Brandreth appeared as a celebrity contestant on Beat the Chasers in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital On 24 October 2022, Brandreth appeared on Bargain Hunt: BBC 100th Birthday Special to commemorate the BBC's 100th Anniversary  His team mate was Tony Blackburn 

Radio
Brandreth has presented programmes on London's LBC radio at various times since 1973, such as Star Quality  He frequently appears on BBC Radio 4's comedy panel game Just a Minute  He has appeared on several episodes of Radio 4's political programme The Westminster Hour, explaining his thoughts on how to make the most of being a government minister  From 2003 to 2005 Brandreth hosted the Radio 4 comedy panel game Whispers 
In 2006, Brandreth appeared in the Radio 4 comedy programme Living with the Enemy which he co-wrote with comedian Nick Revell, in which they appear as a former Conservative government minister and a former comedian  In 2010 he broadcast a Radio 4 documentary about his great-great-great-grandfather, Benjamin Brandreth, the inventor of a medicine called "Brandreth's Pills"  He is the host of the Radio 4 comedy panel show Wordaholics, first aired on 20 February 2012  He appeared on the Radio 4 programme The Museum of Curiosity in August 2017, to which he donated a button that was once owned by a famous actor 
In April 2019, Brandreth began co-hosting a podcast titled Something Rhymes With Purple alongside friend and colleague Susie Dent  The podcast discusses aspects of the English language such as historic or unusual words and their origins, as well as the origins of popular phrases and sayings 

Writing
Since the 1970s, Brandreth has written books for adults and children about Scrabble, words, puzzles and jokes, and co-founded the Games & Puzzles magazine  He wrote an authorised biography of actor John Gielgud, and lipogrammic reworks of Shakespeare  In the 1980s, Brandreth wrote scripts for Dear Ladies, a television programme featuring Hinge and Bracket  Brandreth created the stage show Zipp!, which enjoyed success at the Edinburgh Festival and had a short run in the West End In 1999, he published diaries chronicling his days as a politician between 1990 and 1997, called Breaking the Code In September 2004, Brandreth's book on the marriage of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Philip and Elizabeth: Portrait of a Marriage was published  In July 2005, he published a second book on the royal family, entitled Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair, which concerns the three-decade love affair between the then-Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles In 2021, following the death of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Brandreth wrote, "The duke showed me great friendliness over 40 years but royalty offer you friendliness, not friendship, and you have to remember the difference "Brandreth has written a series of seven works of historical fiction called The Oscar Wilde Murder Mysteries, in which Oscar Wilde works with both Robert Sherard and Arthur Conan Doyle Brandreth has written and toured in a number of comedic one-man shows, including The One-to-One Show in 2010–2011, Looking for Happiness in 2013–2014 and Word Power in 2015–2016 Brandreth has written a book entitled Have You Eaten Grandma?, about the English language and correct grammar 

Politics
Brandreth was a Conservative MP, representing the City of Chester, from 1992 to 1997  He proposed a private member's bill which became law as the Marriage Act 1994  In 1995, he was appointed to a junior ministerial position as a Lord of the Treasury, with his role being essentially that of a whip He broadcast reminiscences of his parliamentary career on BBC radio as Brandreth on Office and The Brandreth Rules in 2001, 2003 and 2005 In August 2014, Brandreth was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue  In May 2016, Brandreth told The Spectator that he was likely to vote for the UK to stay in the European Union in the following month's referendum on the issue  In 2019, Brandreth confirmed that he had voted to remain, but accepted the result of the referendum and believed that the government had to "get Brexit done" 

Gyles & George Knitwear
Brandreth is known for the colourful, humorous jumpers he has designed and worn throughout his career   He has stated on the BBC that "it's all I'm really known for "  Collaborating with artist and knitwear designer George Hostler, Brandreth created hundreds of jumper designs that appear in books he and Hostler authored and produced under their knitwear label, Gyles & George Brandreth has a room in his London home devoted to his jumpers, and claims to have one for almost every occasion   To name just a few examples: he has a knitted jumper emblazoned with a green frog that he has worn for appointments with princes (Philip and Charles); on other royal occasions, he has worn sweaters featuring corgis and crowns   He has appeared on television talking about rail strikes wearing a jumper that features a steam locomotive, and wore a sweater bearing the words "The End" on the day Boris Johnson resigned  And he has a Scrabble-themed jumper which he wears in his capacity as president of the Association of British Scrabble Players In order to strike a more serious note, he wore lounge suits rather than novelty jumpers when serving in Parliament, though he has stated: "The first time I spoke in the House of Commons, I heard John Prescott on the bench opposite me muttering 'woolly jumpers ha ha ha ' He could see I was thrown and he carried on  Eventually I had to pause and point out to Mr Prescott that the joy of a woolly jumper is that you can take it off at will  Whereas the blight of a woolly mind is that you're lumbered with it for life "In 2020, Brandreth partnered with American designer Jack Carlson to revive the label for the 21st century, with Gyles & George joining Carlson's collective of brands, Blazer Group   They have collaborated to re-release many of Brandreth's original designs, including a jumper with the words "I'm a Luxury" across the front, famously worn by Diana, Princess of Wales, and another featuring the words "What the **** is going on?" (the back reads: "Don't ask me")  They have also released a popular collection of sweaters themed around the signs of the zodiac Aside from Brandreth himself, the brand's models and prominent customers have included Joanna Lumley, Floella Benjamin, Hugh Bonneville, Jane Asher, Elton John, Pete Davidson, Ziwe Fumudoh, Blanca Miro, Dwyane Wade, Keith Richards, and Diana, Princess of Wales In 2023, the Petersfield Museum opened an exhibition dedicated to Gyles & George and Brandreth's personal collection of jumpers 

Other activities
Brandreth is a former European Monopoly champion, and president of the Association of British Scrabble Players, having organised the first British National Scrabble Championship in 1971  Since 2015 he has been the president of the Oscar Wilde Society, which was founded in 1990 He is an after-dinner speaker and held the world record for the longest continuous after-dinner speech, twelve-and-a-half hours, done as a charity stunt  With his wife, he founded a Teddy bear museum  Located in Stratford-upon-Avon for 18 years, it was relocated to the Polka Theatre in Wimbledon, London  In 2016, the museum moved to Newby Hall in Yorkshire  He is a patron of the National Piers Society and vice-president of charity Fields in Trust (formerly the National Playing Fields Association) 
In 2014, Brandreth was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters (DLitt) from the University of Chester  In December 2016, he was named the university's chancellor, and officially took the role in March 2017 

Personal life
Brandreth met his future wife, Michèle Brown, at Oxford  Five years later, with Brown working as a television reporter and Brandreth in theatre, the couple decided to have a "quiet wedding"  They were married at Marylebone Registry Office on 8 June 1973, with actor Simon Cadell, Brandreth's best friend from school, as a witness  The couple have lived in Barnes, southwest London, since 1986 They have three children, including Aphra, a former Conservative councillor in Richmond  She is deputy chair of the Conservative Women's Organisation and was the party's unsuccessful candidate for Kingston and Surbiton at the 2019 United Kingdom general election Brandreth is a vegetarian, and stopped drinking alcohol in 1997 in order to lose weight 

Selected bibliography
Non-fiction
Created in Captivity (1972), a study of prison reform
The Funniest Man on Earth (1974), a biography of Dan Leno
The Joy of Lex: How to Have Fun with 860,341,500 Words (1980), ISBN 0-688-01397-X
The Complete Home Entertainer (1981) ISBN 0-7091-9145-6, 978-0-7091-9145-2
Everyman's Indoor Games (1981), ISBN 0-460-04456-7
The World's Best Indoor Games (1981), ISBN 978-0394524771
871 Famous Last Words, and Put-downs, Insults, Squelches, Compliments, Rejoinders, Epigrams, and Epitaphs of Famous People (1982) ISBN 0-5173-8349-7, 978-0-5173-8349-0
The Book of Mistaikes (1982), ISBN 0-7088-2194-4
Wordplay (1982), ISBN 0-7278-2017-6, 978-0-7278-2017-4
John Gielgud: A Celebration (1984) ISBN 0-907-51638-6
The Scrabble Brand Puzzle Book (1984), ISBN 0-671-50536-X
The Book of Solo Games (1984), ISBN 091174553X
A Guide to Playing the Scrabble Brand Crossword Game (1985), ISBN 0-671-50652-8
Wit knits: Lively and original hand-knitting designs (1985), ISBN 978-0-0021-8168-6 (with George Hostler)
The Great Book of Optical Illusions (1985), ISBN 0-8069-6258-5
Everyman's Classic Puzzles (1986), ISBN 0-4600-2466-3
The Scrabble Companion (1988), ISBN 0-09-172698-0 (with Darryl Francis)
Knitability: fun knits for all the family (1988), ISBN 978-0-0041-1-1988 (with Linda O'Brien)
World Championship Scrabble (1992), ISBN 0-550-19028-7 (with Darryl Francis)
Under the Jumper: Autobiographical Excursions (1993)  ISBN 0-86051-894-9
Breaking the Code: Westminster Diaries, 1992–97 (1999), ISBN 0-297-64311-8
Brief Encounters: Meetings with Remarkable People (2001), ISBN 1-902301-95-1
John Gielgud: An Actor's Life (2001), ISBN 0-7509-2690-2
The Biggest Kids Joke Book Ever! (2002), ISBN 0-233-05062-0
The Joy of Lex: An Amazing and Amusing Z to A and A to Z of Words (2002), ISBN 1-86105-399-1
The Word Book (2002), ISBN 1-86105-398-3
Philip and Elizabeth: Portrait of a Marriage (2004), ISBN 0-7126-6103-4
Charles and Camilla: Portrait of a Love Affair (2005), ISBN 1-84413-845-3
The 7 Secrets of Happiness (2013) ISBN 978-1780722047
Word Play (2015) ISBN 978-1-473-62029-2
Messing About in Quotes  (2018) ISBN 978-0-19-881318-7
Novelty knits: 35 fun & fabulous jumpers (2019), ISBN 978-0-8578-3-8476 (with Saethryd Brandreth)
The Oxford Book of Theatrical Anecdotes (2020) ISBN 978-0-19-874958-5
Philip: The Final Portrait (2021) ISBN 978-1-44-476960-9
Odd Boy Out (2021) ISBN 978-0-24-148371-8
Elizabeth: An Intimate Portrait (2022) ISBN 978-0-24-158258-9

Fiction
Here Comes Golly (1979)  ISBN 978-0-7207-1098-4
Who is Nick Saint? (1996)  ISBN 978-0-3168-7979-8
Venice Midnight (1999)  ISBN 0-7515-2658-4
Oscar Wilde and the Candlelight Murders (2007), (American title: Oscar Wilde and a Death of No Importance)  ISBN 978-0-7195-6930-2
Oscar Wilde and the Ring of Death (2008), (American title: Oscar Wilde and a Game Called Murder)  ISBN 978-0719569609
Oscar Wilde and the Dead Man's Smile (2009)  ISBN 978-1416534853
Oscar Wilde and the Nest of Vipers (2010), (American title: Oscar Wilde and the Vampire Murders)  ISBN 978-1-4391-5369-7
Oscar Wilde and the Vatican Murders (2011)  ISBN 978-1-4391-5374-1
Oscar Wilde and the Murders at Reading Gaol (2012)  ISBN 978-1-4391-5376-5
Jack the Ripper - Case Closed (2017)- ISBN 978-1-4721-5232-9 (American title: Oscar Wilde and the Return of Jack the Ripper (2019)  ISBN 978-1-64313-021-7)
Passage 6:
Keith Raffan
Keith William Twort Raffan (born 21 June 1949) is a former British politician  From 1983 to 1992, he served in the British House of Commons as the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for the Delyn constituency in Wales  Then from 1999 to 2005, he was a Scottish Liberal Democrat Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Mid Scotland and Fife region 

Early life
Raffan was born in Aberdeen and educated at Robert Gordon's College, Trinity College, Glenalmond, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge  Prior to entering parliament he was a parliamentary sketchwriter for the Daily Express 

Conservative MP, 1983–1992
Originally a Conservative, Raffan was in the early 1970s a chairman of Pressure for Economic and Social Toryism (a precursor of the Tory Reform Group), thus placing him on the left of the party  At this time he stood unsuccessfully for parliament in two general elections, at Dulwich in February 1974 and East Aberdeenshire in October 1974 He was elected as Conservative MP for the Welsh seat of Delyn from 1983 to 1992, but his views on issues like drugs put him out of favour with the prevailing leadership of Margaret Thatcher, and he was never made a Minister  Raffan was one of the few Conservative MPs to support the 'stalking horse' leadership challenge of Anthony Meyer (his constituency neighbour in north Wales) against Thatcher in 1989, and he then supported Michael Heseltine's challenge to Thatcher the following year 

Scottish parliament, 1999–2005
Raffan stood down from the House of Commons at the 1992 general election and abandoned the Tories, in part because of his strong support for Scottish and Welsh devolution  He joined the Liberal Democrats that same year, and after working as a broadcaster and public relations consultant in New York and for Welsh TV channel HTV moved to Scotland  In 1998 he stood as the Liberal Democrat candidate in the European Parliament by-election for North East Scotland, and soon afterwards was appointed the Scottish party's chief spokesman on home affairs In the 1999 Scottish Parliament election Raffan was elected as a regional list MSP to represent Mid Scotland and Fife  He was one of three Liberal Democrat MSPs – along with Donald Gorrie and John Farquhar Munro – who opposed the coalition with the Labour Party in the Scottish Parliament, and was alone in his Liberal Democrat colleagues in not backing Donald Dewar for First Minister (he abstained from the vote)  Noted for his flamboyant and theatrical manner when participating in debate, early in the parliament's first term he gained notoriety for tabling 38 written questions in one day Raffan was re-elected at the 2003 Scottish Parliament election, and became a Vice Convener of the Scottish Liberal Democrats  However, in December 2004 he was subject to wide criticism for claiming abnormally large expense costs from the Scottish Parliament, including travel in his Fife constituency at times he was known to be in Parliament in Edinburgh  The following month he resigned as an MSP, citing ill-health (and not the controversy his expense claims had caused) as the reason 
He faced further criticism after his resignation for working at ITV Wales despite being "too sick to work"  He was replaced in his seat by Andrew Arbuckle, who had been next on the Liberal Democrat list for Mid Scotland and Fife in 2003  The Scottish Liberal Democrats have confirmed to the press that Raffan is no longer a party member 

After politics
In the run up to the 2018 local elections, Raffan wrote a letter to the Evening Standard declaring that he was going to vote for the Labour Party in Kensington where he was living He has subsequently left his third political party and now considers himself an independent 
Passage 7:
Democratic Party (Denmark)
The Democratic Party (Danish: Det Demokratiske Parti, less officially Demokraterne) is a political party in Denmark  The party was founded in September 2012 by former conservative member of parliament and former chairman of the Christian Democrats, Per Ørum Jørgensen, a few weeks after his resignation as chairman  The new party has no religious profile, but is a socially conservative, centre-right party which focuses on social issues and on reducing the distance between the citizens and the government in several respects  It wants Denmark to leave the EU  Instead, it wants a union of the Nordic countries of the same type  The party has no parliamentary representation 
Passage 8:
Baron Dunleath
Baron Dunleath, of Ballywalter in the County of Down, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom  It was created on 29 August 1892 for the businessman and former Conservative Member of Parliament for Downpatrick, John Mulholland  The Mulholland family were involved in the cotton and linen industry in Ulster in the north of Ireland  The first Baron's son, the second Baron, represented Londonderry North in the House of Commons as a Conservative  His grandson, the fourth Baron, was a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly for the Alliance Party  He was succeeded by his first cousin, the fifth Baron, who had already succeeded his father as second Baronet of Ballyscullion (see below)  As of 2017 the titles are held by the fifth Baron's son, the sixth Baron, who succeeded in 1997 
The Mulholland Baronetcy, of Ballyscullion Park in the County of Londonderry, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 3 July 1945 for the Hon  Henry Mulholland  He was the third son of the second Baron Dunleath and notably served as Speaker of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland  He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned second Baronet, who in 1993 succeeded his cousin as fifth Baron Dunleath 
The family seat is Ballywalter Park, near Newtownards, County Down in Northern Ireland 

Barons Dunleath (1892)
John Mulholland, 1st Baron Dunleath (1819–1895)
Henry Lyle Mulholland, 2nd Baron Dunleath (1854–1931)
Charles Henry George Mulholland, 3rd Baron Dunleath (1886–1956)
Charles Edward Henry John Mulholland, 4th Baron Dunleath (1933–1993)
Michael Henry Mulholland, 5th Baron Dunleath (1915–1997)
Brian Henry Mulholland, 6th Baron Dunleath (b  1950)The heir apparent is the present holder's son the Hon  Andrew Henry Mulholland (b  1981) 

Mulholland Baronets, of Ballyscullion (1945)
Sir Henry George Hill Mulholland, 1st Baronet (1888–1971)
Sir Michael Henry Mulholland, 2nd Baronet (1915–1997) (succeeded as Baron Dunleath in 1993)see above for further succession

Notes
Passage 9:
Celebrity Fifteen to One
Celebrity Fifteen to One is a celebrity version of the Channel 4 game show Fifteen to One  William G  Stewart presented the first two episodes, which were Christmas specials that aired on 27 December 1990 and 30 December 1992  Adam Hills has hosted subsequent episodes on 20 September 2013, 6, 13, 20 and 27 June 2014, a Christmas special on 23 December 2014 and 7, 14, 21 and 28 August 2015 
Richard Whiteley, Anna Raeburn, Sally Jones and Rory McGrath appeared on both 1990s episodes, with Alex Brooker, Jimmy Carr, Johnny Vegas, Rhod Gilbert and Gyles Brandreth also having made appearances on more than one Hills episode  Of these, Brandreth is the only person to have made appearances on episodes presented by both hosts 

Episodes
William G  Stewart era
The first episode was broadcast on 27 December 1990  The format is largely the same as that of Fifteen to One, though with the Barry Cryer rule: Those who get both questions wrong may still play round 2 with one life remaining, with Cryer being the only one to miss both questions  Cryer was also the first contestant to be eliminated   The programme is extended to 45 minutes from 30, with an extra advert added between the first and second rounds 
A second celebrity special aired on 30 December 1992  In his book "A Matter of Facts: An Insider's Guide To Quizzing", contestant Marcus Berkmann, who had previously appeared on a civilian episode of the show two years prior, explained that he was asked to appear on the programme after Vincent Hanna pulled out and noted that "clearly some barrels had been scraped for this, and [he] was at the bottom of the very last barrel"  The winner, Patrick Stoddart, won by taking a step back from the rest of the semi-circle, resulting in no one nominating him in round 2  This would be the last Celebrity Fifteen to One for over twenty years 

Adam Hills era
The show was revived on 20 September 2013 as part of a 1980s night  This version was hosted by Adam Hills and was 1 hour long rather than 45 minutes and did not reprise what UKGameshows com termed as the Barry Cryer rule; "just one life away for each incorrect answer in round one"  It did, however, slash the number of questions in round three down to 25, and eliminated the need for three correct answers to start question or nominate  Money was awarded for getting to the final: £1,000 for getting there; £5,000 for coming second; £10,000 for coming first + £1,000 for however many lives they have left + £1,000 for getting any of the questions right after both the other finalists have been eliminated + £100 for every life they entered the round with  Jo Brand won this episode, winning £21,100 for her charity 
After the first show aired, it was announced by Channel 4 that the show would be revived for four more celebrity specials featuring Hills and for twenty daytime episodes featuring Sandi Toksvig  Changes were made; money was not awarded for lives left at the end of the round two, and for the last celebrity standing, the last five questions are worth £2,000 each  The winners of these programmes were Josie Long, who raised £25,000, Stephen Mangan and Dave Gorman, who both raised £23,000, and Sian Williams, who raised £22,000  These episodes were transmitted on 6, 13, 20 and 27 June 2015 respectively 
A Christmas special was broadcast on 23 December 2014  Rufus Hound raised £11,000 after a particularly tight final round in which all three contestants were standing at the end of 25 questions, and Hound opted to take two questions from 71–82 down with only one life left 
Four more episodes of Celebrity Fifteen to One were broadcast on 7, 14, 21 and 28 August 2015  Winners of these episodes were Alex James, who raised £11,000, Kate Humble, who raised £26,000, Gary Delaney, who raised £11,000 and Tanni Grey-Thompson, who raised £13,000 
William G  Stewart hosted two celebrity specials across 35 series  The revival shows include ten celebrity specials across four series of the main daytime show  The fourth series began on 18 September 2015 
Passage 10:
Bossom baronets
The Bossom Baronetcy, of Maidstone in the County of Kent, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom  It was created on 4 July 1953 for the architect and Conservative Member of Parliament for Maidstone, Alfred Bossom  In 1960 he was further honoured when he was created a life peer as Baron Bossom, of Maidstone in the County of Kent  The life peerage became extinct on his death in 1965 while he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his second but only surviving son, the second holder of the baronetcy  He was a former Conservative Member of Parliament for Leominster 

Bossom baronets, of Maidstone (1953)
Sir Alfred Charles Bossom, 1st Baronet (1881–1965) (created Baron Bossom in 1960)
Sir Clive Bossom, 2nd Baronet (1918–2017)
Sir Bruce Bossom, 3rd Baronet (born 1952)The heir apparent to the baronetcy is his son George Edward Martin Bossom (born 1992) 

Notes
Context 2: Passage 1:
Nüyou
Nüyou (Chinese: 女友; lit  'Female Friend') is a bilingual (English and Chinese) monthly fashion and beauty magazine targeting women  The magazine is based in Singapore 

History and profile
Nüyou was started in 1976  The magazine is part of SPH Magazines and is published on a monthly basis  It covers articles about fashion, beauty tips and celebrities and targets women between the ages of 25 and 30 years-old  The magazine is published in English and Chinese languages In April 2013 Terence Lee became the editor-in-chief of Nüyou  He replaced Grace Lee in the aforementioned post In 2009 Nüyou was redesigned  The magazine had a Malaysian edition which was belong to Blu Inc Media Sdn Bhd  The company ceased operations since the Malaysian movement control order due to the COVID-19 pandemic which interfered with distribution of the magazine 
Passage 2:
List of Allure cover models
Allure is a women's beauty magazine published by Condé Nast Publications  A famous woman, typically an actress, singer, or model, is featured on the cover of each month's issue  Following are the names of each cover subject from the first issue of Allure in March 1991 to the most recent issue 

Allure
1990s
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000s
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010s
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020s
2020
2021
2022
Allure Russia
Russian edition of Allure magazine was published from September 2012 to December 2016 

2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Passage 3:
Alfredo Hoyos (doctor)
Alfredo Hoyos, M D is a Colombian plastic surgeon who created High-definition liposuction and other advanced body contouring techniques in plastic surgery  He specializes in Plastic Surgery, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Maxillofacial surgery, and Hand Surgery  He is also a medical illustrator, painter and sculptor  Dr  Hoyos is featured as a speaker of different companies of the most innovative technologies in the field, not only in Colombia , his natal country, also worldwide  He is also featured in the Aesthetics & Beauty Magazine  Chief and creator of TOTAL DEFINER brand that is an integral programs that show surgeons in the different scenarios of the medical field, how optimize their practice and their team  “THE MOST COMPLETE GUIDE FOR PLASTIC SURGEONS”

Early life and education
Born on March 26, 1972, in Bogota Colombia, Dr  Alfredo Hoyos had  his bachelor's degree education in School Mayor Del Rosario, Colombia and his M D in Del Rosario University Colombia  He completed visiting fellowships in Aesthetic surgery at New York University, New York City  He did same for Maxillofacial surgery at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, and  also for Facial Aesthetic surgery at Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York 

Plastic surgery career
Dr  Alfredo Hoyos combines his plastic surgery techniques with different technologies, such as Ultrasound-assisted VASER, Bodytite, Microaire, Wells Johnson, Renuvion  to get the best results in liposculpture  He invented the High Definition Liposculpture (HDL), known today as H4D LIPO, Lipo HD and Dynamic Definition at Lipoplasty (4D) as well as other advanced techniques that focus on body contouring  as EVE Technique ( Tummy tuck and Mini Tummy tuck High Def )  He has also refined techniques in fat transfer (Buttock and Pectoral Lipograft) and breast augmentation  Dr  Hoyos alongside his colleagues has performed  several High Def Lipo procedures with consistent results   He continues to refine these techniques while researching and developing new applications of HD in additional anatomical regions and the field of cosmetic surgery  He has performed plastic surgeries for  many celebrities including Belinda Peregrín Dr  Hoyos is the author of books and several scientific articles that discuss innovations and new technologies that work on body contour  Author of High Definition Body Sculpting: Art and Advanced Lipoplasty Techniques in which he reveals details of his techniques and new technologies in body contouring  He travels to share his knowledge with cosmetic surgeons and also serves as a consultant for media and non-scientific magazines Dr Hoyos has extensive experience as lecturer and trainer for Vaser, Bodytite, Microaire and other different technologies  He has trained hundreds of plastic surgery physicians in the Liposculpture procedures  Among his trainees include: Dr  Anthony Lockwood of Charleswood Clinic, Canada, Dr  Aguirre of Aguiire Specialist Care, Denver, Dr  Cynthia M  Lopez, Dr  Pazmino, Dr  Sam Sukkar of Houston Texas, and Dr   Shapiro, Dr  Emmanuel de la Cruz, Dr  Hossam Tahseen, Dr  Augusto Pupio, Dr Felipe Massignan,

Certifications
Colombian Society of Plastic Surgery, (SCCP) 
International Confederation of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (IPRAS) 
He is a member of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS)
He is a member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)
He is a member of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS)
He is a member of the International Federation for Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS)

See also
High-definition liposuction
Liposuction
Plastic surgery

Awards
The Brazilian Plastic Surgery Association 2019 Honorable Mention for his numerous and valuable contribution to Worldwide Plastic Surgery field
Ted Lockwood Award (Excellence in Body Contouring) 2019 by ASAPS
SAPS Award 2018  for his great contributions to the Worldwide Plastic Surgery field
ISCG Award 2014 for his Outstanding contribution to Cosmetic Surgery
New Economy Award 2014 for his High Definition Liposculpture Technique
Cutting Edge Award 2014 for his innovative video about High Definition Lipo procedure
RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA 2014 Mention for his Outstanding contribution to the Plastic Surgery field
Passage 4:
Allure (magazine)
Allure is an American women's magazine focused on beauty, published monthly by Condé Nast in New York City  It was founded in 1991 by Linda Wells  Michelle Lee replaced Wells in 2015  A signature of the magazine is its annual Best of Beauty awards—accolades given in the October issue to beauty products deemed the best by Allure's staff 

History
In 1990, S I  Newhouse Jr , chairman of Condé Nast, and then editorial director Alexander Liberman approached Linda Wells to develop a concept they had for a beauty magazine  At the time, Wells was the beauty editor and the food editor at The New York Times Magazine The magazine's prototype was shredded shortly before the scheduled launch date and, after overhauling everything (including the logo), Allure made its debut in March 1991  designed by Lucy Sisman  The magazine's original format was oversize, but this prevented it from fitting into slots at grocery-store checkouts and required advertisers to resize their ads or create new ones  After four issues, Allure changed to a standard-size glossy format On August 29, 2022, Conde Nast announced the December 2022 issue will be the last print issue of the magazine before transitioning to digital-only  Allure employees unionized in 2022  Conde states, “It’s our mission to meet the audience where they are and with this in mind, after our December print issue, we are making Allure an exclusively digital brand ”

Impact
Allure focuses on beauty, fashion, and women's health  Allure was the first women's magazine to write about the health risks associated with silicone breast implants, and has reported on other controversial health issues 
After Lee took the helm in late 2015, the brand was celebrated for promoting diversity and inclusivity  In 2017, Adweek named Allure Magazine of the Year and awarded Lee as Editor of the Year The magazine's circulation, initially 250,000 in 1991, is over 1 million as of 2011 
Many writers have contributed to Allure  Among them are Arthur Miller, John Updike, Jhumpa Lahiri, Michael Chabon, Kathryn Harrison, Frank McCourt, Isabel Allende, and Francine du Plessix Gray  Elizabeth Gilbert’s essay “The Road to Rapture,” published in Allure in 2003, was the precursor to her 2006 memoir, Eat, Pray, Love (Viking Adult)  Photographers who have shot for Allure include Michael Thompson, Mario Testino, Patrick Demarchelier, Norman Jean Roy, Tina Barney, Marilyn Minter, Carter Smith, Steven Klein, Steven Meisel, and Helmut Newton  Cover subjects have included Demi Lovato, Jennifer Aniston, Jennifer Lopez, Helen Mirren, Zendaya, Julia Roberts, Angelina Jolie, Reese Witherspoon, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, Victoria Beckham, Beyoncé, Fergie, Britney Spears, Lupita Nyong'o, Jessica Simpson, Kate Hudson, Christina Aguilera, Ariana Grande, Rihanna, and Gwen Stefani 
(See List of Allure cover models) 

Best of Beauty Awards
Allure began its Best of Beauty awards program in the mid-1990s, at the initiative of Wells, to help readers choose among the vast array of makeup, skincare, and hair-care products on the market  In 2019, the magazine introduced the Allure Best of Beauty Clean Seal award to products that met the publication's "clean" standards Allure has two sets of awards, one judged by the magazine's editors and the other by readers  A "winners' seal" logo, developed by Allure, appears on many of the winning products  To ensure that its judgments are neutral, Allure's ad department isn't involved in the selections 
In 2010, the magazine developed an iPhone app that highlights the winning products and tells users where they can buy them based on their location 

Controversy
The magazine faced online criticism when it showed Marissa Neitling with an Afro haircut Singer Halsey has announced she will no longer do press after Allure failed to use her preferred pronouns in its August cover story and promoted the interview by allegedly taking quotes out of context 

Awards (for Allure)
Magazine of the Year from Adweek (2017)
Bronze Clio Award for Allure Unbound augmented reality app (2017)
The National Magazine Award for Design (1994)
The Editorial Excellence Award from Folio (2001)
The Circulation Excellence Award from Circulation Management (2001)
"Ring Leader", an essay by Natalie Kusz from the February 1996 issue of Allure, was selected for The Best American Essays 1997 (Houghton Mifflin) 
The magazine has been on Adweek’s Hot List in 1993, 1994, 1995, 2003, and 2007 
Allure has received 29 awards from the American Academy of Dermatology, nine journalism awards from The Fragrance Foundation, and the Excellence in Media Award from the Skin Cancer Foundation 

Awards (for Linda Wells)
The Achiever Award from Cosmetic Executive Women (2001)
The Matrix Award for magazine leadership from New York Women in Communications, Inc  (2009)

Awards (for Michelle Lee)
Editor of the Year from Adweek (2017)
Digiday's Glossy 50 (2017)
A100 Most Influential Asians from Gold House (2018)
Creative 100 from Create & Cultivate (2017)

In the media
Wells, along with Allure editors Michael Carl and Kelly Atterton, have appeared as judges on the Bravo TV series Shear Genius 
Allure editors have appeared as experts on television programs such as the Today show and 60 Minutes, and Allure stories frequently receive national attention 
Hilary Duff played an Allure intern in Cheaper by the Dozen 2 

See also
List of Allure cover models
List of Allure Editor
Passage 5:
List of W Korea cover models
W Korea is a women's beauty magazine published by Doosan Magazine under license from Condé Nast Publications  A famous person, usually an actress, singer, or model, is featured on the cover of each month's issue  Following are the names of each cover subject from the most recent issue to the first issue of W Korea under editorship of Lee Hye Joo in March 2005



ground_truth: Parliament

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which is a beauty magazine, Allure or Claudia?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Passage 6:
Anders Manga
Anders Manga is an American recording artist best known for his self named Darkwave work and under the name Bloody Hammers  His first release was under the name "Coffin Moth" in 1997, a Deathrock music project  In 2012, Anders' song "Glamour" was featured in Season 4 Episode 04 of The Vampire Diaries
In 2019, he released "The Summoning, a new album by Bloody Hammers, his heavy rock project with wife Devallia  In late 2013 he signed Bloody Hammers to Napalm Records and have since released four albums with the label  In 2015 he started another project inspired by horror soundtracks from the seventies and eighties called Terrortron which was featured on the Rue Morgue (magazine) compilation titled "They Came From Rue Morgue" 

Personal life
He is currently married to band member Devallia since 2005 

Musical Influences
Anders was eleven years old when he first began teaching himself Bass guitar, after borrowing a bass from a neighborhood friend 
Anders identifies Alice Cooper as having been his main musical influence as a child, and has said that he was the reason why he wanted to pursue music  Other artists such as Gary Numan, Nick Cave, Roky Erickson, The Sisters of Mercy and Black Sabbath also had a major influence on his musical tastes 

Current Band Members
Devallia (Organ) & Anders Manga (Vocals, Bass, Guitar)

Discography
Albums
Coffin Moth
Coffin Moth (1997) (Self Released)

Solo releases
Murder in the Convent (1999) (Vampture)
One Up for the Dying (2004) (Vampture)
Left of an All-Time Low (2005) (Vampture)
Welcome to the Horror Show (2006) (Vampture)
Blood Lush (2007) (Vampture)
X's & the Eyes (2008) (Vampture)
Perfectly Stranger (2018) (Sacrificial Records)
Andromeda (2020)

Bloody Hammers
Bloody Hammers (2012) (SoulSeller Records)
Spiritual Relics (2013) (SoulSeller Records)
Under Satan's Sun (2014) (Napalm Records)
Lovely Sort of Death (2016) (Napalm Records)
The Horrific Case of Bloody Hammers (2016) (Napalm Records)
The Summoning (2019) (Napalm Records)
Songs of Unspeakable Terror (2021) (Napalm Records)

Terrortron
Hexed (2015) (Sacrificial Records)
Necrophiliac Among the Living Dead (2016) (Sacrificial Records)
Orgy of the Vampires (2017) (Sacrificial Records)

Other releases
The Traumatics - The Traumatics (1993) (Irregular Records)
The Traumatics - Republic (1995) (Irregular Records)
The Dogwoods - The Dogwoods  (1997) (Irregular Records)
A Tribute to Alice Cooper (1998) (Wasted Records)
Interbreeding VIII: Elements of Violence (2006) (BLC Productions)
Sweet Leaf - A Tribute to Black Sabbath (2015) (Cleopatra Records)
Passage 7:
Claudia (magazine)
Claudia is a monthly women's magazine published in Warsaw, Poland  The magazine has been in circulation since 1993 

History and profile
Claudia was established in 1993  Gruner + Jahr was the founding company  The magazine was published by Burda Publishing Polska SP  Z O O  on a monthly basis  It is published by Grupa Kobieta  The headquarters of the monthly is in Warsaw  It targets Polish women around 20-45 years old who live in small cities Claudia achieved record circulation numbers in Poland at the beginning of the 2000s  In 2001 it was the twenty-third best-selling women's magazine worldwide with a circulation of 799,000 copies  In 2002 it was the most popular magazine in Poland The magazine sold 307,729 copies in 2010 and 261,716 copies in 2011  Its circulation rose to 276,752 copies in 2012 

See also
List of magazines in Poland
Passage 8:
Beautycounter
Beautycounter is an American direct to consumer company that sells skin care and cosmetic products  As of 2018, the company had 150 products with over 65,000 independent consultants, and with national retailers 

History
Beautycounter was founded by Gregg Renfrew in 2013  Renfrew had previously worked with merchandising executives such as Martha Stewart and Susie Hilfiger  Beautycounter released nine products in March 2013, including facial cleansers, eye creams, and shampoo  The company launched as a direct retail brand, selling through its website, independent consultants, and retailers including J Crew, Target and Sephora Beautycounter was one of Allure magazine's Best of Beauty award recipients for their lip sheer in twig (2014) and dew skin tinted moisturizer (2015)  Beautycounter became a founding member of the nonprofit Environmental Working Group's verification program, which aims to make it easier for consumers to identify consumer goods that do not contain toxic ingredients  The company compiled a "never list" of reportedly harmful chemicals omitted from their products In 2016, Beautycounter launched its first mascara line  Later that year, Beautycounter's Lengthening Mascara was one of Allure's Best of Beauty products in the natural category  In June 2016, Beautycounter acquired the worldwide assets of Nude Skincare, Inc  and Nude Brands, Ltd , Ali Hewson's natural beauty line, from LVMH  As part of the acquisition, Hewson's husband Bono became an investor in Counter Brands, LLC , Beautycounter's parent company, and Hewson became a board member In 2018, the company opened its first brick and mortar store in Manhattan  A second location opened in 2019, in Denver, Colorado  In March, the company was named to Fast Company's Most Innovative Companies list, for its efforts to promote nontoxic ingredients in beauty products  In June, the company was also named to CNBC's 2020 Disruptor 50 list, as a next generation billion dollar business  In December, the company opened a hybrid retail store and livestream content studio in Los Angeles In February 2020, the company released a documentary Transparency: The Truth About Mica, as part of its efforts to promote ethical mining  The documentary films an in-person audit of the company's mica supply chain, to ensure responsible sourcing In April 2021, American private equity firm The Carlyle Group acquired a majority stake in Beautycounter, which valued parent Counter Brands, LLC  at $1B In January 2022, Marc Rey was named as the company's new CEO, and founder Renfrew became executive chair 

Legislation
In 2014, Renfrew hired public health and environmental advocate Lindsay Dahl to lead company advocacy and lobbying efforts to reduce harmful chemicals used in the cosmetic industry  Renfrew and Beautycounter hosted a congressional briefing in Washington, D C , in fall 2015, regarding the potential dangers of under-regulated beauty products  In May 2016, Renfrew went to Washington, D C , with a group of 100 women representing all 50 U S  states to discuss the importance of regulation in the beauty industry with senators, representatives, and legislative staff  Renfrew also testified in a congressional hearing on cosmetic reform in December 2019 In 2021, Beautycounter led two days of virtual lobbying with members of Congress on federal standards regarding clean beauty 
Passage 9:
Betty Irabor
Betty Irabor is a Nigerian columnist, philanthropist, writer, publisher and founder of Genevieve magazine  She previously had a column in Black & Beauty magazine in the United Kingdom  She also has a foundation that promotes breast cancer awareness, early detection and treatment 

Career
Irabor studied English in university and then ventured into publishing  She worked as a journalist at Concord Newspapers, took freelance writing jobs at the Vanguard, The Guardian, This Day as well as Black & Beauty magazine and others abroad  She later ventured into telecommunications 
In 2003 she founded the glossy magazine Genevieve Magazine, which has been described as "Nigeria's leading inspirational and lifestyle magazine"  It is headquartered in Lekki, with a staff of fourteen   Ten issues are published each year  The magazine website focuses on celebrity news  Irabor is the editor-in-chief and chief executive officer In 2018 her memoir Dust to Dew was published   In it she chronicles her struggles with depression She is also a philanthropist, public speaker and champion for breast cancer awareness with her nonprofit known as the Genevieve PinkBall Foundation She is also the host and presenter of Life's Lessons with Betty Irabor  She is a speaker and ambassador who shares promotional and modeling shots 

Personal life
Irabor was born on March 25, 1957, and raised in Nigeria  She's married to Soni Irabor and they have two children  Their son made a short film that was selected by the Zanzibar International Film Festival 

Award and honors
Irabor was honored by the Association of Professional Women Bankers as The Most Accomplished Female Publisher in Nigeria 2011 
Passage 10:
Elle Girl
Elle Girl was the largest older-teen fashion and beauty magazine brand in the world with twelve editions  Launched in August 2001, it was the younger sister version of Elle magazine, and similarly focused on beauty, health, entertainment and trendsetting bold fashion—its slogan: "Dare to be different"  The magazine was published monthly and was based in New York City 

Closure
Its staffers were informed in early April 2006 that Elle Girl (USA)'s final issue would be its June/July 2006 Summer Issue, while they were recently in the middle of working on the August 2006 issue, which is traditionally the largest issue of the year-covering fall fashion and back-to-school topics  The company intended to continue updating the Elle Girl website, and create new media in conjunction with Alloy com, as well as publishing bi-annual special issues 
Hachette Filipacchi CEO Jack Kliger, who was also responsible for closing three other Hachette magazines—George, Mirabella, and Travel Holiday, commented on Elle Girl's future on the Internet and explained, "When teen girls are not on the Web, they are on their cells  The company will keep the website and work on Elle Girl ringtones, wallpaper mobile pages and projects in the mobile blogging area "
ELLEgirl com relaunched in early 2008 after parting ways with Alloy  The new version included a blog, more simple navigation, and a strengthened association with ELLE com under Executive Editor Keith Pollock  Hearst Magazines bought the website in 2011  As of May 2014, the ELLEgirl website redirects to the main Elle website 

International editions
The UK edition of Elle Girl magazine closed for business shortly before the American version  As of August 2005, international editions continued to be published in South Korea, the Netherlands, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, Russia, France, Germany, and China  Elle Girl USA offers most foreign editions 60% of their content, yet it was not announced whether all of the foreign editions would also fold  Sarra Manning, author of YA novels Guitar Girl and Let's Get Lost, was on the launch team of Elle Girl UK and edited the magazine for a short period 



ground_truth: Allure

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: The 2011 La Manga Cup was won by Viking, who beat which Norwegian football club from the town of Kristiansand, currently playing in Tippeligaen having been promoted from Adeccoligaen in 2012?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Sarpsborg 08 FF
Sarpsborg 08 Fotballforening, commonly known as Sarpsborg 08 or simply Sarpsborg ([ˈsɑ̀ʂbɔr]), is a Norwegian football club based in Sarpsborg, playing in Eliteserien  Sarpsborg 08 and its predecessors played in 1  divisjon from 2005 to 2010  In 2010, the club was promoted to the Tippeligaen, the top league in Norway, but finished last and was relegated back to 1  divisjon in 2011  In 2012, they were promoted again and 6 years after, they qualified for their first Europa League group stage  They play their home games at Sarpsborg Stadion 

History
Pre-existence
Football in Sarpsborg has traditionally been dominated by Sarpsborg FK (SFK), which won the Norwegian Cup six times and played 20 seasons in the top division, and to a lesser extent IL Sparta, which won the Norwegian Cup in 1952 and played nine seasons in the top division  However, after SFK's relegation from the 1974, no teams from Sarpsborg played in the top division for the next two decades  In 1999, 16 teams in the Sarpsborg area joined forces to create a team that could compete in the top divisions of Norwegian football, called Sarpsborg Fotball, which overtook SFK's spot in the league-system  In its first season, the team was relegated from the 2  divisjon, and several clubs, including both SFK and Sparta, withdrew from the collaboration 
The remaining clubs in the "Sarpsborg Fotball" project formed a new club called Borg Fotball, which won promotion to the 2  divisjon in 2002, but was relegated again in 2003  Meanwhile, Sparta was promoted to the Second Division the same season, and re-entered the collaboration club which now was renamed FK Sparta Sarpsborg  The club earned promotion to 1  divisjon (the second tier of Norwegian football) in 2005 

Foundation
At the end of the 2007 season, the last major club in the district, Sarpsborg FK, joined the collaboration of teams and ended a rather long and hefty rivalry between the two clubs  At the same time, in an effort to unite the different factions within the collaboration, the jersey was changed and the club renamed itself Sarpsborg Sparta FK  This name remained a source of contention throughout the 2008 season, however, and a new name, Sarpsborg 08 FF, was adopted in 2009 
The 2009 season started badly for Sarpsborg, and it appeared they would be fighting against relegation to the 2  divisjon  The situation worsened when the Football Association of Norway determined that Sarpsborg 08 had submitted an unrealistic budget when they obtained their license to play in the 1  divisjon, and were penalized three points in June, leaving Sarpsborg in a relegation spot  However, after Roar Johansen became coach, the second part of the season went well for the team, which not only climbed out of the relegation spots, but finished fifth, allowing them to participate in the qualification matches for the 2010 Tippeligaen  In the semi-final match of the qualification, Sarpsborg defeated local rivals Fredrikstad FK 2–0 (who were therefore relegated from the top division)  In the home match of the qualification final, Sarpsborg defeated Kongsvinger 3–2, but lost the second leg 3–1 and remained in the 1  divisjon 

Promotions and development
The 2010 season ended with a 4–0 home-win against Alta  This meant that the team ended in second place, after league-winner Sogndal, and won the right to play in the 2011 edition of the Tippeligaen 
The 2011 season started with a surprising 3–0 win against Molde in Ole Gunnar Solskjær first match as manager of Molde  But after a good start, Sarpsborg was relegated back to 1  divisjon on 23 October 2011, when they lost 3–0 away at Brann with three rounds left to play  The club finished last with only 21 points 
In the 2012 season, Sarpsborg finished the 1  divisjon in second place and was promoted to Tippeligaen  On 3 January 2013, former Sheffield United striker Brian Deane was appointed as head coach  In 2015, Geir Bakke took over as head coach and led the club to their first Norwegian Cup final  They lost the 2015 Norwegian Football Cup final 0−2 against Rosenborg  In 2017 they repeated the feat and reached the final again, but lost 2–3 against Lillestrøm  Sarpsborg finished in third place in the 2017 Eliteserien, their first medal-winning position in club history 
On 30 August 2018 Sarpsborg 08 qualified for the group stage of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League for the first time in history 

African springboard
Sarpsborg 08 has gained a reputation as one of the best springboards for African players in need of a European acclimatization club  Senegalese Makthar Thioune played three years for Sparta Sarpsborg and Sarpsborg Sparta (Sarpsborg 08's predecessors) in the second tier, and when Molde purchased him in 2009 he was immediately "Player of the Year" in the top league, with the third highest rating in a 25-year period  He later played in Germany  Another big Sarpsborg 08 transfer in 2014 happened when Guangshou R&F manager Sven Göran Eriksson purchased Aaron Samuel from Sarpsborg 08 for €1 4m  Samuel blossomed in Sarpsborg with 13 goals in a year, after only 2 goals in big city club Vålerenga  He also scored both his goals for Nigeria in 2014  In 2017 Sarpsborg 08 signed Krepin Diatta from Senegal  He hardly played in his first half year in the club, but then blossomed with 5 goals and 8 assists in 3 months  Diatta was then sold to Brügge for €2 65m and later to Monaco for €16 7m  In 2019 Sarpsborg 08 signed Malian Ismaila Coulibaly and while acclimatized he only started 5 matches in the first 35 league matches while in the club  Then he was given the chance at a time the club was rock bottom with five losses in five matches  The club then took 17 points in the next 6 weeks and Coulibaly dominated with 4 goals, leading to Sheffield United purchasing him for €2m  Being only the 16th largest municipality in Norway, the processing of African teenage talents has been a major success factor leading to Sarpsborg 08 fighting above the size of the city 

Recent history
European record
Notes1QR: First qualifying round
2QR: Second qualifying round
3QR: Third qualifying round
PO: Play-off round

Players
Current squad
As of 5 May 2023Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Notable players
Below are notable players who have represented Sarpsborg 08  To appear in the section below, a player must have either at least two international matches or Champions League matches (group stage or later), 150 official club matches or 30 club goals, including appearances and goals for preceding teams mentioned in pre-existence phase  Players are sorted by birth date 

Managers
Passage 2:
2014 La Manga Cup
The 2014 La Manga Cup is an exhibition international club football (soccer) competition featuring football club teams from Europe, which was held in February 2014  All matches were played in La Manga Stadium in La Manga, Spain  This was the seventeenth La Manga Cup 

Teams
The following four clubs participated in the 2014 tournament:
 Aalesund
 Brann
 Sogndal
 Start

Standings
Matches
Winners
Passage 3:
2010 La Manga Cup
The 2010 La Manga Cup was an exhibition international club football (soccer) competition featuring football club teams from Europe and North America, which was held in February 2010  All matches were played in La Manga Stadium in La Manga Club, Spain  This was the thirteenth La Manga Cup  The tournament was won by Molde, who beat FC Nordsjælland 2–1 in the final 

Teams
The following eight clubs participated in the 2010 tournament:
 FC Midtjylland from the Danish Superliga in Denmark
 FC Nordsjælland from the Danish Superliga in Denmark
 SønderjyskE from the Danish Superliga in Denmark
 Seattle Sounders FC from Major League Soccer in the United States of America
 Molde from Tippeligaen in Norway
 Rosenborg from Tippeligaen in Norway
 Brann from Tippeligaen in Norway
 Stabæk from Tippeligaen in Norway

Matches
The following games are part of the tournament 

Quarterfinals
Semifinals Places 5-8
Semifinals Places 1-4
Seventh Place Match
Fifth Place Match
Third Place Match
Final
Final Placement
Passage 4:
IK Start
Idrettsklubben Start (or simply IK Start, translates to The sports club Start  ) is a Norwegian football club from the city of Kristiansand that currently plays in the Norwegian First Division, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system  The club was founded on 19 September 1905  The club's current head coach is Sindre Tjelmeland  The team plays in yellow jerseys, black shorts and socks at home, and black jerseys, yellow shorts and socks away 
They play their home matches at Sør Arena, the club's own football stadium, opened in 2007  Before moving to Sør Arena, IK Start played their games at Kristiansand Stadion  The team's official supporter club was called "Tigerberget", until 2017, when the IK Start board decided to no longer have an official supporter club 

History
Start were Norwegian champions in 1978 and 1980  They participated in the European Cup in 1979 and 1981, as well as being qualified for the UEFA Champions League 2006–07  The years since 1995 have been turbulent, but recent investments have given greater expectations for the future  In 2004 they won the Norwegian 1  divisjon and were promoted to the top flight 
In 2005 they reached second place, following Vålerenga, after a strong comeback season in the Tippeligaen  For this, Start earned a place in the UEFA Cup 2006 
In 2006, after beating Skála of the Faroe Islands in the first qualifying round of the UEFA Cup, and Drogheda United of Ireland in the second qualifying round (after penalties), they reached the first round of the UEFA Cup, where they were knocked out by Ajax of the Netherlands 
2007 was a bad year for Start, with problems working as a team and management issues  It led to a disappointing 13th place, leading to Start's relegation to 1  divisjon  In 2008 the club got financial problems  The local government saved the club from bankruptcy  The financial difficulties has plagued Start for several seasons, due to the financial crisis and the Norwegian footballteams overspending, Start being no exception  The last couple of seasons, Start has downsized and saved money, for example by changing the turf on Sør Arena, the hopes being that the savings will keep the wheels turning in Start 
Ahead of the 2009 season, Knut Tørum was appointed head coach of Start  The next two seasons, Start was positioned at the lower half of Tippeligaen although achieving some strong results, like being the only team to beat Rosenborg in 2009, at Rosenborgs homeground Lerkendal, delaying their gold celebration  On 22 June 2011, Start had 13 points in 12 matches, and Tørum decided to resign hours before a cup-match against Strømsgodset, a match Start won without Tørum  Mons Ivar Mjelde replaced Tørum as head coach, but was not able to save Start from relegation  Start started the 2012 1  divisjon in strong fashion, leading the division and winning important matches and won promotion at the end of the season 
Start defeated Stabæk 4–1 on 4 July 2015  From 12 July 2015 to 18 September 2016, Start played 39 consecutive games without a win in Tippeligaen  This is the longest run without winning a single game across any top division in Europe 

Badge
Since the club was founded in 1905, the club badge had been a blue and white pennant  In November 2017, the badge was replaced with a more modernised version in all black  The new crest was in use for four years, before Start decided to return to the old one in March 2022 

Achievements
Eliteserien:
Winners (2): 1978, 1980
Runners-up (1): 2005
Third place (7): 1973, 1975, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1991, 1992
Norwegian Cup:
Semi finalist (7): 1975, 1978, 1988, 2000, 2006, 2011, 2018
1  divisjon:
Winners (4): 1968, 1972, 2004, 2012
Promotion: 1958–59, 1988, 1999, 2001, 2008, 2017

Recent history
Source:

Current squad
As of 12 April 2023Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Coaching staff
Former head coaches
European record
Passage 5:
2013 La Manga Cup
The 2013 La Manga Cup was an exhibition international club football (soccer) competition featuring football club teams from Europe, which was held in February 2013  All matches were played in La Manga Stadium in La Manga Club, Spain  This was the sixteenth La Manga Cup 

Teams
The following eight clubs participated in the 2013 tournament:
 Aalesund
 Astra Giurgiu
 CSKA Moscow
 Kalmar
 Lillestrøm
 Nordsjælland
 Start
 Vålerenga

Standings
With only six teams entered, the 2012 version of the Cup was contested in a Round Robin style format, wherein each participating team played against three of the other seven teams entered in the competition, with the winner determined by points earned 

Matches
Winners
Passage 6:
La Manga Cup
La Manga Cup is a winter football tournament played in La Manga Club, La Manga del Mar Menor (Murcia, Spain)  Usual participants are clubs from countries with a summer football season: Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Russia, Ukraine, and the United States and Canada  The first cup was played in 1999 and was won by Rosenborg, who are the most successful team to date with three wins 

Winners
Performance
Performance by club
Performance by country
External links
History of tournament
Results (1999-2009)
Results (2010-2012)
La Manga Cup Standings 2000-2013
La Manga Cup Live Scores
Passage 7:
2015 La Manga Cup
The 2015 La Manga Cup is an exhibition international club football (soccer) competition featuring football club teams from Europe, which was held in February and March 2015  All matches were played in La Manga Stadium in La Manga Club, Spain  This was the eighteenth La Manga Cup 

Teams
The following 32 clubs participated in the 2015 tournament:

Standings
Group 1
Matches
Passage 8:
2012 La Manga Cup
The 2012 La Manga Cup was an exhibition international club football (soccer) competition featuring football club teams from Europe, which was held in February 2012  All matches were played in La Manga Stadium in La Manga, Spain  This was the fifteenth La Manga Cup  The tournament was won by FC Nordsjælland, who beat Vålerenga on goal differential after both clubs finished with identical records of two wins and one draw 

Teams
The following six clubs participated in the 2012 tournament:
 FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk from the Ukrainian Premier League in Ukraine
 FC Nordsjælland from the Danish Superliga in Denmark
 FK Ekranas from the A Lyga in Lithuania
 Strømsgodset from the Tippeligaen in Norway
 Vålerenga from the Tippeligaen in Norway
 Viking from the Tippeligaen in Norway

Standings
With only six teams entered, the 2012 version of the Cup was contested in a Round Robin style format, wherein each participating team played against three of the other five teams entered in the competition, with the winner determined by points earned 

Matches
Passage 9:
2001 Norwegian Football Cup Final
The 2001 Norwegian Football Cup final was the final match of the 2001 Norwegian Football Cup, the 96th season of the Norwegian Football Cup, the premier Norwegian football cup competition organized by the Football Association of Norway (NFF)  The match was played on 4 November 2001 at the Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo, and opposed two Tippeligaen sides Bryne and Viking  Viking defeated Bryne 3–0 to claim the Norwegian Cup for a fifth time in their history  Despite the victory, the Viking's players reported for training at 2 p m  the next day 

Route to the final
Match
Details
Passage 10:
2011 La Manga Cup
The 2011 La Manga Cup was an exhibition international club football (soccer) competition featuring football club teams from Europe, which was held in February 2011  All matches were played in La Manga Stadium in La Manga, Spain  This was the fourteenth La Manga Cup  The tournament was won by Viking, who beat Start on goal differential after both clubs finished with identical records of two wins and one draw 

Teams
The following 8 clubs participated in the 2011 tournament:

 FC Midtjylland from the Danish Superliga in Denmark
 Esbjerg fB from the Danish Superliga in Denmark
 Randers FC from the Danish Superliga in Denmark
 Kalmar FF from the Allsvenskan in Sweden
 Strømsgodset from Tippeligaen in Norway
 Viking from Tippeligaen in Norway
 Odd Grenland from Tippeligaen in Norway
 Start from Tippeligaen in Norway

Standings
With eight teams entered, the 2011 version of the Cup was contested in a Round Robin style format, wherein each participating team played against three of the other seven teams entered in the competition, with the winner determined by points earned 

Matches



ground_truth: IK Start