prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Did Qionghai or Suining  have a population of 658,798 in 2002? 

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Qionghai
Qionghai, or in local Hainanese dialect as Kheng Hai, is one of the seven county-level cities of Hainan province, China  Although called a "city", Qionghai refers to a large land area in Hainan - an area which was once a county  Within this area is the main city, Qionghai City  It is located in the east of the island at the mouth of the Wanquan River, 86 kilometres (53 mi) from the provincial capital of Haikou  It has an area of 1,692 square kilometres (653 sq mi) and in 2010, it had a population of 483,217 people 
The seat of government is at Jiaji (simplified Chinese: 嘉积镇; traditional Chinese: 嘉積鎮; pinyin: Jiājī Zhèn), locally referred to as Kachek city  Bo'ao, seat of the Boao Forum for Asia, belongs to Qionghai 
The former counties of Qiongdong (postal: Kiungtung) and Lehui (樂㑹, postal: Lokwei) are now part of Qionghai City 

Climate
Qionghai has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am)  Monsoonal influences are strong, with a relatively lengthy wet season and a pronounced dry season (January to March)  Rainfall is heaviest and most frequent from August to October, when typhoons may strike, and is otherwise still common throughout the year, averaging an annual total of 2,100 mm (83 in); there are 9 3 days with 50 mm (1 97 in) or more of rain  Humidity is consistently very high, with an average relative humidity of 85 8%  With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 31% in February to 62% in July, the city receives 1913 hours of bright sunshine annually; the city receives about only a third of possible sunshine from December thru February, while May thru July is the sunniest time of year 

Administrative divisions
Qionghai is divided into 12 towns:

Other
The most famous dish of Qionghai is called Kazek Duck 
Qionghai is served by Qionghai Bo'ao Airport 

Notable people
Lee Chiaw Meng, served in Prime minister Lee Kuan Yew's cabinet as Minister of Education, Minister of Science and Technology and Member of Parliament 
Patrick Lee, Billionaire Business entrepreneur magnate and the founder of Lee & Man Paper 
Pang Chin Hin (冯振轩), entrepreneur, chairman and founder of the well-known food manufacturing company Mamee Double-Decker (M) Sdn Bhd 
Pang Lim (庞琳), entrepreneur and community figure who founded and currently chairs the Koufu Group Ltd, an F&B establishment operators 
Wee Meng Chee, rapper, singer-songwriter and filmmaker 

See also
List of administrative divisions of Hainan
Passage 2:
Daying County
Daying County (simplified Chinese: 大英县; traditional Chinese: 大英縣; pinyin: Dàyīng Xiàn) is a county of Sichuan province, China, under the administration of Suining City and in the central part of the Sichuan Basin  In 2002, it had a population of 520,000 residing in an area of 703 km2 (271 sq mi) 

Tourist attractions
Daying is the home of the "Chinese Dead Sea", a tourist attraction that is based on a salt lake with nine times the salinity of the ocean and which constitutes the largest indoor water park in China 
A stationary replica of the Titanic is under construction in Daying County as well 

Transportation
The G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway and Dazhou–Chengdu Railway (达成铁路) traverses east–west through the entire length of the county 
The county is served by the Daying East Station (大英东站) on the Suining–Chengdu Railway 
Passage 3:
Suining
Suining (simplified Chinese: 遂宁; traditional Chinese: 遂寧; Sichuanese Pinyin: Xu4nin2; Sichuanese pronunciation: [ɕy˨˦nin˨˩]; pinyin: Sùiníng; Wade–Giles: Sui-ning) is a prefecture-level city of eastern Sichuan province in Southwest China  In 2002, Suining had a population of 658,798 

Geography and climate
Suining is located in the center of the Sichuan Basin and on the central reaches of the Fu River, bordering Chongqing, Guang'an and Nanchong to the east, Neijiang and Ziyang to the south, the provincial capital of Chengdu to the west, and Deyang and Mianyang to the north  Its prefecture, or administrative, area ranges in latitude from 30° 10' 50" to 31° 10' 50" N, or 108 9 kilometres (67 7 mi) and in longitude from 105° 03' 26" to 106° 59' 49" E, or 90 3 kilometres (56 1 mi)  While much of the prefecture is mountainous, the urban area itself, which occupies 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi), is located on flat land 
Suining has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and is largely mild and humid, with four distinct seasons  Winter is short, mild, and foggy, though actual precipitation is low  January averages 6 6 °C (43 9 °F), and while frost may occur, snow is rare  Summers are long, hot and humid, with the daily average in July and August around 27 °C (81 °F), with August being slightly warmer  Rainfall is light in winter and can be heavy in summer, and 75% of the annual total occurs from May to September 

Places of interest
According to local legend, Suining is the Hometown of Guanyin and her sisters  A folk song declares that one resides at Lingquan Temple, another at Guangde Temple, while only the third sister is afar, in the Putuo Mountains of Southern China There exists Lingquan Temple, Guangde Temple, and the Dead Sea, which are regarded as the 4A scenic zone  And there is also a Celadon Museum of Sichuan, which is referred to as a 3A scenic zone 
The percentage of land-covered forests of Suining is approximately 34%, it's the first Provincial Environmental Protection City in Sichuan  The 30,000-capacity Suining Sports Centre Stadium is located in the city  The stadium opened in 2014 and it is used mostly for football matches 

Administrative divisions
Transport
Highway
China National Highway 318

Rail
Suining is the junction for the Dazhou–Chengdu and Suining–Chongqing Railways, which collective form the westernmost section of the Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway 

Well-known inhabitants
Chen Zi'ang, Tang dynasty poet (661-702), was a native of the Suining area 
Chen Wei, a pro-democracy activist born in 1969 who has been arrested in February 2011 and sentenced for 9-years in prison on December 23, 2011 for "inciting subversion of state power" by the Suining intermediate people's court 
Liu Xianbin, a pro-democracy activist born in 1968 who has been arrested in June 2010 and sentenced for 10-years in prison for inciting subversion of state power 
Li Bifeng, a pro-democracy activist and friend of Liao Yiwu who is facing 5-years prison for "economic crimes" 
Ju Jingyi, a well-known Chinese singer and actress  She rose to fame as a member of Chinese idol girl group SNH48 and was part of Team NII until her graduation in December 2017 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Louisville Thunder
Louisville Thunder was an indoor soccer club based in Louisville, Kentucky that was one of the founding clubs competing in the American Indoor Soccer Association  Peter Mahlock served as President and General Manager and Keith Tozer was the head coach   During the first season Tozer moved from just coaching to logging shifts as a player/coach   In their debut season of 1984–1985, goalkeeper Rick Schweizer won the 'Goalkeeper of the Year' award, and made it on to the All-Star team   The Louisville Thunder played its home games at the Broadbent Arena 
However, in 1987 after winning the AISA league championship over the Canton Invaders, the team disbanded due to ownership problems 
The team did produce several league all-stars during its existence including Rick Schweizer, Zoran Savic, Art Hughes and Chris Hellenkamp 

Coaches
Keith Tozer (1984–87)

Individual player honors
1984–1985 Rick Schweizer – Goalkeeper of the Year
1984–1985 All-Star TEAM Rick Schweizer & Art Hughes
1985–1986 Zoran Savic – Top Points Scorer (81)
1985–1986 All-Star TEAM Zoran Savic & Art Hughes
1986–1987 All-Star TEAM Zoran Savic, Art Hughes &  Chris Hellenkamp

Year-by-year
See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Passage 2:
Louisville Icehawks
The Louisville Icehawks were a professional ice hockey team competing in the East Coast Hockey League  The team, based in Louisville, Kentucky, played from 1990 to 1994  Their home venue was Broadbent Arena at the Kentucky Exposition Center  The mascot was called Tommy Hawk, a play on tomahawk, and resembled The San Diego Chicken, but with coloration and costume matching the team's  Tommy Hawk was "banned" from the inside portion of the arena for a period of time, due to an altercation with a visiting player who was in the penalty box  In the 1995–96 season, the team was renamed and moved to Florida to become the Jacksonville Lizard Kings 
For a period of time the Louisville Icehawk's parent team/NHL Affiliate were the Pittsburgh Penguins 
Trevor Buchanan was a player for the Icehawks that spent a great deal of time in the penalty box, thus spawning his own fan club 

Playoffs
1990–91: Defeated Knoxville 3–0 in quarterfinals; lost to Greensboro 4–0 in semifinals 
1991–92: Defeated Toledo 4–1 in first round; received quarterfinals bye; defeated Cincinnati 3–1 in semifinals; lost to Hampton Roads 4–0 in finals 
1992–93: Did not qualify 
1993–94: Defeated Knoxville 2–1 in first round; lost to Birmingham 3–0 in quarterfinals 

See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Passage 3:
Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame
The Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame is a sports hall of fame for the U S  state of Kentucky established in 1963  Individuals are inducted annually at a banquet in Louisville and receive a bronze plaque inside Louisville's Freedom Hall  The Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame other wise known as the Kentucky Sports Hall of fame, is a non-profit organization funded by the Kentucky Lottery and owned and operated by the Louisville Sports Commission 

Notable Inductees
Honorees have included Louisville native Muhammad Ali  A three-time world champion and six-time Golden Glove recipient, he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics (at age eighteen) and turned professional later that year  Also included is American football player and coach Bo McMillin (who played for Centre College in Danville, Kentucky); and basketball player and coach Pat Riley, who played in college for the Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team  While at the University of Kentucky, Riley managed to average a double double during his entire career there  He is also a ten-time NBA champion, winning one ring as a player with the Los Angeles Lakers and the rest as a coach and an owner in the NBA  Coach Riley was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2005  Bob Baffert an American racehorse trainer who trained the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah and 2018 Triple Crown winner Justify  Baffert's horses have won a record seven Kentucky Derbies, seven Preakness Stakes, three Belmont Stakes, and three Kentucky Oaks  Most recently inducted  A more recent inductee Dwane Casey inducted in the 2021 class who is the head coach for the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association  He is a former NCAA basketball player and coach, having played and coached there for over a decade before moving on to the NBA The 2013 class included people such as Jerry Carroll who was a golf professional, Donna Bender a student-athlete/athletic director at Sacred Heart Academy, University of Louisville basketball player Pervis Ellison, Calvin Borel who was a Kentucky horse racer, Pro football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers Dwayne D  Woodruff, and Tennis player Julie Ditty Inducted in the 2015 class were tennis player Mel Purcell,( he captured the 1980 NCAA doubles title with Rodney harmon and was named an all-American ) women's basketball coach Paul Sanderford, basketball player Sharon Garland, college basketball manager and King of the Bluegrass Men's Basketball Tournament founder and director Lloyd Gardner, Major League Baseball umpire Randy Marsh, track and field athlete Boyd Smith, and Lexington's Keeneland Race Course  Scott Davenport, the current men's basketball coach at Bellarmine University was also inducted 
The 2016 class included American football player Shaun Alexander, basketball player Darel Carrier, college basketball coach Scott Davenport, basketball player Kyra Elzy, high school basketball coach Philip Haywood, Kentucky Wesleyan basketball play-by-play announcer Joel Utley, and the Lakeside Swim Club  Kyra Elzy is a Kentucky native and currently holds the position as the University of Kentucky's Women's Basketball Head Coach  She also played basketball for the University of Tennessee and assisted for their team after her career 

Selection committee
The 2021 Selection Committee has the following members:
Jeff Bidwell, WPSD-TV
Drew Deener, ESPN Radio
Jody Demling, iHeart Media
Mike Fields, retired Lexington Herald Leader staff writer
Jason Frakes, Courier Journal
Kendrick Haskins, WAVE 3
Reina Kempt, Courier Journal
Zack Klemme, The Daily Independent
Mark Mathis, Owensboro Messenger-Inquirer
Marques Maybin, ESPN Radio
Brian Milam, WKYT-TV
Steve Moss, WKYT-TV
Kevin Patton, The Gleaner
Kent Spencer, WHAS-TV
Mark Story, Lexington Herald-Leader

Inductees
The Hall of fame has been honoring athletes for the past 58 years  These are some of the athletes inducted in the past 6 years  Here is the link to the full list of inductees 

2021
John Asher - Kentucky Derby ambassador  He is known as the voice and face of horseracing in Kentucky 
Dwane Casey - American Professional basketball coach who attended Union County High School in Morganfield, Kentucky and played four years at the University of Kentucky winning a National Championship in 1977-78  He began His coaching career at the Western Kentucky University before becoming the first African American assistant coach at The University of Kentucky, before moving to the NBA 
Romeo Crennel - American football coach  Before becoming a defensive coordinator, he was a star at Western Kentucky, where he was a four-year starter and a team captain as a senior in 1969  He then embarked on his coaching career that spanned six decades and included five Super Bowl rings as an assistant 
Rachel Komisarz Baugh - American swimmer, Olympic gold medalist, and former world record-holder  She swam at the University of Kentucky and became a seven-time All American swimmer and three-time SEC Champion by the end of her four years at the University 
Keith Madison - Head coach of the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team from 1979 to 2003  He remains the most winningest baseball coach in program history with 735 wins 
Elmore Smith - Former American professional basketball player  Played at Kentucky State University and went on to play in the NBA for the Buffalo Braves 

2020
Pete Browning - American professional baseball player that was a pioneer for the major league games, which included several seasons with the Louisville Colonels 
Anna May Hutchison- Louisville native, she played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League 
Clarence "Cave" Wilson- Basketball player  Wilson led the Horse Cave, KY, Colored School to 65 consecutive basketball victories in the 1940s  He was a forward and a point guard for the Harlem Globetrotters (1949-1964)

2019
Derek Anderson- American former professional basketball player  In 1996, Anderson helped the University of Kentucky win the NCAA Men's Basketball      Championship as part of a team that featured nine future NBA players under their coach Rick Pitino, known as the “untouchables”
Deion Branch- is a former American football player for the NFL  He played college football as a wide receiver at Louisville under coach John L  Smith  Branch was named the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl XXXIX 
William Exum was the head of the Kentucky State University Physical Education Department and later head of the Athletics Department  He coached the KSU men's cross country team to an NCAA Division II championship in 1964  He was also the manager of the United States Track and Field teams at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics 
Ralph Hacker spent 34 years on the UK Radio Network  He served as the men's basketball analyst for many years with broadcaster Cawood Ledford
Willis Augustus Lee was a Kentucky native and a skilled sport shooter that won seven medals in the 1920 Olympics shooting events, including five gold medals  He was tied with teammate Lloyd Spooner for the most anyone had ever received in a single Olympics  Their record stood for 60 years 
Nate Northington- He was the first African-American to play in a college football SEC game with the Kentucky Wildcats 

2018
Bob Baffert
Sam Ball
Bob Beatty
Bernie Bickerstaff
Ken Ramsey
Nicky Hayden

2017
Mike Battaglia
Howard Beth
Rodger Bird
Rob Bromley
Swag Hartel
Kenny Klein
Dennis Lampley
Marion Miley

2016
Shaun Alexander
Darel Carrier
Scott Davenport
Kyra Elzy
Philip Haywood
Joel Utley
Lakeside Swim Club*Selection on hiatus 1965
**Selection on hiatus 1967-1974
**Selection on hiatus 1976-1984
Passage 4:
Freedom Hall
Freedom Hall is a multi-purpose arena in Louisville, Kentucky, on the grounds of the Kentucky Exposition Center, which is owned by the Commonwealth of Kentucky  It is best known for its use as a basketball arena, previously serving as the home of the University of Louisville Cardinals and, since November 2020, as the home of the Bellarmine University Knights  It has hosted Kiss, Chicago, AC/DC, WWE events, Mötley Crüe, Elvis Presley, The Doors, Janis Joplin, Creed, Led Zeppelin, Van Halen and many more  As well as the Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team from 1956 to 2010, the arena’s tenants included the Kentucky Colonels of the American Basketball Association from 1970 until the ABA-NBA merger in June 1976, and the Louisville Cardinals women's team from its inception in 1975 to 2010  The Kentucky Stickhorses of the North American Lacrosse League used Freedom Hall from 2011 until the team folded in 2013  From 2015 to 2019 it has hosted the VEX Robotics Competition World Championship Finals yearly in mid-April 
The arena lost its status as Kentuckiana's main indoor sporting and concert venue when the downtown KFC Yum! Center opened in 2010   It is still used regularly, however, hosting concerts, horse shows, conventions, and basketball games 

History
Freedom Hall was completed in 1956 in the newly opened Kentucky Fair and Exposition Center located 5 miles (8 0 km) south of Downtown Louisville  It received its name as the result of a statewide essay contest sponsored by the State Fair Board and the American Legion  Charlotte Owens, a senior at DuPont Manual High School, submitted the winning entry over 6,500 others  Designed for the nation's premier equestrian competition, the Kentucky State Fair World's Championship Horse Show, the floor length and permanent seating were designed specifically for the almost 300-foot (91 m)-long show ring (in comparison, a regulation hockey rink is 200 feet (61 m) long, and a basketball court is only 94 feet)  The North American International Livestock Exposition also is held there each November  Muhammad Ali fought his first professional fight at Freedom Hall when he won a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker  Freedom Hall was also one of the major stops on the Motortown (later MOTOWN) traveling music revue during the early and mid-1960s 
Grateful Dead played Freedom Hall 4 times including 6/18/74, 4/9/89, 6/15/93, and 6/16/93  6/18/74 was officially released as Road Trips Volume 2 Number 3 
Judgment Day (2000) was also held at the Freedom Hall  A collegiate wrestling tournament was held at the arena in 2019 
Freedom Hall has hosted campaign rallies for two U S  presidents: John F  Kennedy and Donald Trump 

Tenant history
The Kentucky Colonels fielded successful teams during their tenure at Freedom Hall, winning the American Basketball Association (ABA) Championship in the 1974–75 season and reaching the ABA Finals two other times  The 1970-71 team played in the ABA Championship Finals, losing to the Utah Stars in 7 games  The 1972-73 team advanced to the Finals again, losing to the Indiana Pacers in 7 games  The Colonels were disbanded when the ABA merged with the National Basketball Association in 1976  Hall of Fame players Dan Issel and Artis Gilmore played for the Colonels during their successful run  Hall of Fame Coach Hubie Brown coached the Colonels Championship team In 1984 the facility was refurbished, including lowering the floor to allow maximum capacity to increase from 16,664 to 18,865 for basketball  It was the full-time home of Cardinal men's basketball from the 1957–58 season to 2010, with the team winning 82% of home games in 50+ seasons  The University of Louisville was ranked in the Top 5 in attendance for the past 25 years, with 16 of the last 19 years averaging more than 100% of capacity 
In addition to being the home of the Cardinals, Freedom Hall has hosted NCAA tournament games ten times, including six Final Fours between 1958 and 1969  The arena has also hosted 11 conference tournaments, nine Metro Conference Tournaments and two Conference USA tournaments—2001 and 2003  It has also hosted the Kentucky Boys' High School State Basketball Tournament (also known as the Sweet 16) 23 times, including every year from 1965 to 1978  In 1984, the floor of the arena was lowered about 10 feet (3 0 m) to increase the capacity of the arena from 16,613 to its current figure  In the 1996–97 season Freedom Hall averaged an attendance of 19,590 surpassing arena capacity  Freedom Hall hosts the Championship tractor pull every February during the National Farm Machinery Show 
From 2001 to 2008, the arena football team Louisville Fire of the af2 played in Freedom Hall before ceasing operations 
On the lower level is the Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame where an engraved bronze plaque honors each inductee The University of Louisville men's basketball team played their final game at Freedom Hall in front of a record crowd of 20,138 on March 6, 2010, against Syracuse University, the #1 ranked team in the nation  Louisville won in an upset 78–68 
The arena began to gain new tenants in 2012 with the addition of the Kentucky Stickhorses, and in 2013, with the addition of the Kentucky Xtreme  However, the Kentucky Stickhorses folded in 2014 after the lack of wins and the lack of attendance  The Kentucky Xtreme were suspended mid-season with other teams playing the remainder of their season  In 2020, the Bellarmine University Knights selected Freedom Hall as their home for men's and women's basketball 

Gallery
See also
List of events at Freedom Hall
KFC Yum! Center
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
Passage 5:
Cleveland City Hall
Cleveland City Hall is the seat of government for the City of Cleveland, Ohio, and the home of Cleveland City Council and the office of the Mayor of Cleveland  It opened in 1916 and is located at 601 Lakeside Avenue in the Civic Center area of Downtown Cleveland  The building was the first of its kind designed by Cleveland architect J  Milton Dyer for governmental purposes for a major U S  city  At the time of its construction, City Hall was to continue the city planning of Daniel Burnham's 1903 Group Plan  City Hall stands as a historic landmark that was added to the Cleveland Landmarks Commission The rotunda in the building has been the site of numerous weddings, rallies, protests, and galas  The body of U S  Representative Louis Stokes lay in state in the rotunda for the public to pay their respects after his death in 2015 

Construction
The original design had been finalized by 1907 and features Neoclassical elements, but it would take nearly 10 more years before that design would be realized  By the time of its construction, Dyer had undertaken several important building commissions in the Cleveland area and was known for his ornate but refined style of architecture  The building cost $3 million in 1916 (equivalent to $81 million in 2022) and took nearly five years to complete with construction commencing in 1912  The building is located on the bluff that overlooks the North Coast Harbor district that abuts Lake Erie and the Port of Cleveland  
The Cleveland City Council Chambers underwent major renovations in 1951 and 1977  However, the outside of the building has remained largely unchanged since 1916, save for normal repairs, refittings and the usual upkeep of the superstructure  City Hall stands next to Willard Park and The Mall and is across the street from Public Hall 

Occupants
The following city agencies are in building:
Mayor's Office Subdivisions
Building and Housing
Civil Service Commission
Community Development
Community Relations
Finance
Law
Personnel and Human Resources
Public SafetyThe city of Cleveland has numerous other agencies and departments spread throughout downtown buildings, these include, Carl B  Stokes Public Works Building which is headquarters to Cleveland Division of Water, the Tower at Erieview, Cleveland Public Powerhouse and Public Hall, among others  As with other major U S  cities as the city expanded and diversified, the City Hall building could no longer house all of the needed departments 

See also
Downtown Cleveland
Civic Center (Cleveland)
Passage 6:
Louisville RiverFrogs
The Louisville RiverFrogs were a professional ice hockey team competing in the East Coast Hockey League (ECHL), which was a mid-level professional American hockey league with teams from all over the United States as well as one franchise from Canada  The team was based in Louisville, Kentucky and played from 1995 to 1998  Their home venue was Broadbent Arena (nicknamed "The Swamp" for their duration; capacity 6,600) at the Kentucky Exposition Center 
At the conclusion of the 1997–1998 season, the franchise was sold and moved to Florida to become the Miami Matadors for a year before moving to Ohio as the Cincinnati Cyclones in 2001  The Cyclones are still currently playing in the ECHL  They started out playing their games in Cincinnati Gardens, but they now play at the Heritage Bank Center  The Cyclones are also the minor league affiliate to the Rochester Americans of the American Hockey League (AHL), as well as the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL) 
The team's mascot was Rowdy River Frog  The RiverFrogs games were locally known for the amount of non-hockey-related entertainment at shows, including a giant frog blimp, hot tubs, and concession booths 

See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Passage 7:
Louisville Fire
The Louisville Fire was an arena football team that played its home games at the Brown-Forman Field in Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky  They were a 2001 expansion team of the af2   Their owner/operator was former Pro Bowl lineman and Louisville native Will Wolford  The team was somewhat successful  After a rocky first few seasons they finally found success in 2004 and then made it all the way to the Arena Cup in the 2005 season 
On December 19, 2001, Jeff Brohm was named the head coach of the Louisville Fire arena football team  The Fire started the 0–7 before they defeated the Carolina Rhinos 31–28 to improve to 1–7  The Fire would finish the season 2–14 In 2003, English was hired to replace Brohm as the head coach of the Louisville Fire af2 team  He was fired after just two games with a record of 2–2 In July 2007, it was announced that the team planned on selling portions of the team to local ownership (aka the NFL's Green Bay Packers) in an attempt to boost season ticket sales and then buy the shares back in time before the team joined the AFL In November 2008, the Louisville Fire ceased operations 

Award winners
2004 – Takua Furutani – International Player of the Year
2005 – Matthew Sauk – Offensive Player of the Year
2005 – Danny Kight – Kicker of the Year
2006 – Brett Dietz – Rookie of the Year
2006 – Rob Mager – Offensive Player of the Year
2008 – Elizabeth "Liz" Horrall – Miss Louisville Fire Football

Season-by-season
Coaching staff
See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville Cardinals
Passage 8:
Broadbent Arena
Broadbent Arena is a 6,600 seat multi-purpose arena in Louisville, Kentucky  It was home to the Louisville Icehawks and Louisville RiverFrogs ECHL teams   The arena, along with Cardinal Stadium and Freedom Hall, is located on the grounds of the Kentucky Exposition Center in Louisville   The arena is used for equestrian events, and other fairground type activities  As of January 2021, the arena is being used as a major distribution site for COVID-19 vaccines 

See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Passage 9:
Freedom Hall Civic Center
Freedom Hall Civic Center is a multi-purpose arena in Johnson City, Tennessee Starting in 2014, it became the basketball venue for East Tennessee State University 

History
Freedom Hall Civic Center opened in 1974 on the Liberty Bell Complex next to Science Hill High School  The arena was built by the city of Johnson City to be used as an entertainment venue and additional space for the middle and high schools located on the property  Over the years the venue has been used for sporting events, theatrical productions, concerts, ice shows, and a rodeo venue 
Former and current entertainment include concerts from Van Halen, Bon Jovi, Eric Clapton, Def Leppard, Poison (band), Ozzy Osbourne, Mötley Crüe,  KISS, Bruce Springsteen, Third Day, For King & Country, Chicago, AC/DC, Lynyrd Skynyrd (original band), Metallica, Elvis Presley, Elton John, and Aerosmith  Entertainment from professional wrestling organizations Jim Crockett Promotions, WWE, Smoky Mountain Wrestling, and from the Ringling Bros  and Barnum & Bailey Circus 

See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
Passage 10:
Johnson City 2001
Johnson City 2001 is a complete concert album by Widespread Panic   The three disc set is the fifth release from the Widespread Panic archives   The performance was recorded live at Freedom Hall Civic Center in Johnson City, Tennessee on November 20, 2001  The multi-track recording featured all original band members including the late guitarist, Michael Houser 

Track listing
Disc 1
"L A " (Widespread Panic) - 4:45
"Wondering" (Widespread Panic) - 7:41
"It Ain't No Use" (Joseph "Zigaboo" Modeliste / Art Neville / Leo Nocentelli / George Porter Jr ) - 10:27
"Impossible" (Widespread Panic) - 5:04
"Worry" (Widespread Panic) - 7:16
"New Blue" (Widespread Panic) - 4:41
"Holden Oversoul" (Widespread Panic) - 8:03
"Stop-Go" (Widespread Panic) - 10:20
"Makes Sense To Me" (Daniel Hutchens) - 4:27

Disc 2
"Weak Brain, Narrow Mind" (Willie Dixon) - 9:13
"One Arm Steve" (Widespread Panic) - 4:04
"Old Neighborhood" (Widespread Panic) - 6:22
"Trouble" (Cat Stevens) - 2:57
"Love Tractor" (Widespread Panic) - 7:18
"Pigeons" (Widespread Panic) - 11:37
"Airplane" (Widespread Panic) - 14:06
"Drums" (Widespread Panic) - 16:27

Disc 3
"Drums and Bass" (Widespread Panic) - 7:41
"Astronomy Domine" (Syd Barrett) - 2:45
"Good Morning Little School Girl (Sonny Boy Williamson I)"- 8:16
"The Waker" (Widespread Panic) - 4:50
"She Caught the Katy (Taj Mahal / James Rachell)" - 4:21
"Gimme" (Widespread Panic) - 5:24
"Chunk of Coal" (Billy Joe Shaver) - 4:23

Personnel
Widespread Panic
John Bell - Vocals, Guitar
Michael Houser - Guitar, Vocals
Dave Schools - Bass, Vocals
Todd Nance - Drums
John "Jojo" Hermann - Keyboards, Vocals
Domingo "Sunny" Ortiz - Percussion

Production
Mixed by Chris Rabold and Drew Vandenberg at Chase Park Transduction in Athens, GA 
Recorded by Brad Blettenberg
Mastered by Drew Vandenberg at Chase Park Transduction Studios in Athens, GA 
Setlist by Garrie Vereen
Additional audience recordings provided by Charles Fox



ground_truth: In 2002, Suining had a population of 658,798.

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Broadbent Arena and Freedom Hall are landmarks of which U.S. city?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Pueraria
Pueraria is a genus of 15–20 species of legumes native to Asia  The best known member is kudzu, also called Japanese arrowroot  The genus is named after 19th century Swiss botanist Marc Nicolas Puerari 
The genus, as traditionally circumscribed, is polyphyletic, with different species being more related to other species in the tribe Phaseoleae  Current research, reproduced below, splits the genus into five clades, one of which defines the current monophyletic genus 

Species
The genus Pueraria is highly polyphyletic; the below list is divided by clade following the result of A N Egan & B Pan (2016)  In 2015, the authors validly published their proposal in Phytotaxa  As of February 2022, Kew Plants of the World Online database accepts these names 

Pueraria sensu stricto
Pueraria sensu stricto includes the vast majority of species in the genus  They fall into a single clade sister to or containing Nogra 
P  alopecuroides Craib
P  calycina Franch 
P  candollei  Benth 
P  edulis Pamp 
P  imbricata Maesen
P  lacei Craib
P  mirifica Airy Shaw & Suvat  (= P  candollei var  mirifica in Egan)
P  montana (Lour ) Merr  – US invasive population comes from a hybrid of more than one of the subspecies Pueraria montana var  chinensis (Ohwi) Sanjappa & Pradeep (= P  chinensis, although ILDS and the plant list instead consider P  thomsonii the synonym)
Pueraria montana var  lobata (Willd ) Sanjappa & Pradeep (= P  lobata)
Pueraria montana var  thomsonii (Benth ) Wiersema ex D B  Ward (= P  thomsonii, missing in ILDS)
P  pulcherrima (Koord ) Koord -Schum 
P  sikkimensis Prain
P  tuberosa (Roxb ex Willd ) DC  – type species

Provisionally retained
The following are not included in the 2016 study due to insufficient material for sequencing  They are accepted by POWO 
P  bella Prain: conflicting proposals assigning either to the main clade or to Neonotonia (morphology) 
P  bouffordii H  Ohashi: presumably in the main clade (morphology) 
P  grandiflora Bo Pan & Bing Liu: presumably in the main clade (morphology) 
P  xyzhuii H  Ohashi & Iokawa: presumably in the main clade (morphology) The following are not included in Egan et al  2016 for other reasons, but are accepted by Kew POWO:

P  garhwalensis L R Dangwal & D S Rawat: excluded per van der Maesen (2002)
P  neocaledonica Harms: not mentioned
P  maesenii Niyomdham: not mentioned

Former members
The rest of the genus fall into four clades, sorted by distance from the main clade:
Neustanthus Benth  – sister to Sinodolichos
P  phaseoloides (Roxb ) Benth  → N  phaseoloides (Roxb ) Benth P  edulis, P  montana, and N  phaseoloides make up what is known as kudzu  The morphological differences between these species are subtle 
N  phaseoloides var  javanicus (= P  javanica (Benth ) Benth )
N  phaseoloides var  phaseoloides
N  phaseoloides var  subspicatus
Teyleria
P  stricta Kurz → T  stricta
Toxicopueraria A N Egan & B Pan – sister to Cologania
P  peduncularis Grah  → T  peduncularis
P  yunnanensis Franchet → T  yunnanensis
Haymondia A N Egan & B Pan – notably lies out of Glycininae near Kennediinae; known for a long time to be misplaced
P  wallichii DC  → H  wallichiiThe following names are not accepted even before Egan 2016 but have seen valid publication:

P  omeiensis Wang et Tang – P  montana: unaccepted name after Mount Omei 
P  stracheyi Baker → Apios carnea (Wall ) Benth  ex Baker 
P  maclurei (F  P  Metcalf) F  J  Herm  → Sinodolichos lagopus – still accepted by WFO
Passage 2:
Pleiospilos nelii
Pleiospilos nelii, the split rock, splitrock or living granite, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aizoaceae, native to South Africa  It grows in semi-arid areas with rainfall of between 150mm and 300mm, in the Karoo of South Africa 

Etymology
The species epithet nelii honours the South African botanist Gert Cornelius Nel  The common name "split rock" refers to the appearance of the plant's leaves 

Description
Pleiospilos nelii is a succulent perennial which can reach a height of 5–8 cm (2–3 in) and a diameter of about 10 cm (4 in)  This very short-stemmed, nearly stemless plant has one or more pairs of opposite, almost hemispherical, grey-green or brownish leaves  The surface of the leaves has many small dark spots  A new pair of leaves is produced each year, replacing an older pair  This plant closely resembles a small cracked rock (hence the common name), an appearance which may have evolved as a defence against herbivory  The superficially daisy-like flowers are yellow-orange, 6–7 5 cm (2–3 in) across, and emerge from the plant's apical bud  The flowers are large in relation to the size of the plant  Each flower opens in the afternoon and closes at sunset, over a bloom period of several days 

Cultivation
P  nelii is one of several plants cultivated for their rocklike appearance  They are sometimes collectively called mesembs  In temperate regions it is grown under glass for protection from excessive rain and hard freezes  It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit 

Gallery
Passage 3:
Pleiospilos simulans
Pleiospilos simulans (liver plant, split rock plant) is a species of flowering plant in the family Aizoaceae, once endemic to the Eastern Cape of South Africa  Known populations of the plant in the wild are now extinct due its collection as an ornamental plant for succulent collectors  It is a small, low-growing, perennial with succulent leaves and orange or yellow many-petaled flowers 
Passage 4:
Pleiospilos
Pleiospilos is a genus of succulent flowering plants of the family Aizoaceae, native to South Africa  The name is derived from the Greek pleios "many" and spìlos "spot"  The plants are also known as kwaggavy ("Quagga mesemb"), lewerplant ("liver plant"), lewervygie ("liver mesemb"), klipplant ("stone plant"), split rock or mimicry plant 
Pleiospilos species have two or four opposite, very fleshy, grey-green leaves growing from a short stem that may be underground  The leaves, with their hemispherical shape and pitted texture, often strongly resemble a pile of split pebbles to deter predators  Flowers emerge from the center of the leaves, and may be very big in relation to the overall size of the plant They reproduce both sexually and asexually  Vegetative offshoots emerge from the root system  Seed set occurs in early spring around March The species P  bolusii and  P  nelii are cultivated as ornamentals 

Species
Pleiospilos bolusii
Pleiospilos compactus
P  compactus subsp  compactus
P  compactus subsp  canus
P  compactus subsp  minor
P  compactus subsp  fergusoniae
P  compactus subsp  sororius
Pleiospilos nelii
Pleiospilos simulans
Passage 5:
Pleiospilos bolusii
Pleiospilos bolusii, the mimicry plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aizoaceae, native to the Eastern Cape of South Africa, where it grows at an altitude of 750–1,100 m (2,461–3,609 ft)  The species epithet bolusii honours Harry Bolus, a 19th-century South African botanist 
It is a small, stemless succulent perennial growing to 8 cm (3 in) tall by 15 cm (6 in) wide, with two or four opposite grey-green leaves, quite thick, fused at the base, almost triangular, with entire margins  The leaves are longer and more angular than those of the closely related P  nelii, but in both cases the shape and texture of the leaves resemble a pile of split pebbles, possibly to deter predators  The yellow, many-petaled, daisy-like flowers emerge from the center of the leaves, and are 6–8 cm (2–3 in) in diameter - large in relation to the overall size of the plant  The flowers are often coconut-scented  The flowering period extends from August to September 
The plant is one of several species cultivated for their rocklike appearance, which are sometimes collectively called mesembs  With a minimum temperature of 7 °C (45 °F), in temperate regions it is grown under glass  It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit 



ground_truth: Louisville

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which is a flowering plant, Pueraria or Pleiospilos?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  A total of 40 episodes aired on Cartoon Network during the first two seasons, subtitled Riders of Berk and Defenders of Berk respectively 
Afterwards, the series was subtitled Race to the Edge, the first season of which debuted on Netflix on June 26, 2015  The second and third seasons of Dragons: Race to the Edge premiered on January 8 and June 24, 2016, respectively  The fourth season was released on February 17, 2017  The series was renewed for a fifth season, which was released on Netflix on August 25, 2017  The series (alongside the Netflix exclusive, All Hail King Julien) is syndicated as part of the newly rebranded Universal Kids on September 9, 2017  Dragons: Race to the Edge was renewed for the sixth and final season which was released on February 16, 2018 

Plot
Taking place between How to Train Your Dragon and How to Train Your Dragon 2, DreamWorks Dragons follows Hiccup as he tries to keep balance within the new cohabitation of Dragons and Vikings  Alongside keeping up with Berk's newest installment—A Dragon Training Academy—Hiccup, Toothless, and the rest of the Viking Teens are put to the test when they are faced with new worlds harsher than Berk, new dragons that can't all be trained, and new enemies who are looking for every reason to destroy the harmony between Vikings and Dragons altogether 

Characters
Dragon Riders
Hiccup Horrendous Haddock, III  (voiced by Jay Baruchel) – An awkward and underweight Viking and son of the chief of Berk  He and his dragon, Toothless, share the strongest bond of all riders and dragons  He is the ancestor of Olivia and Thomas in Dragons: The Nine Realms Toothless – An extremely rare, male Night Fury befriended by Hiccup, and the dragon that lost his left tail fin in the first feature film   Toothless has dark black scales, retractable teeth, and the ability to shoot plasma blasts   Toothless also has the unique ability to navigate in dark places using echolocation Astrid Hofferson (voiced by America Ferrera) – Hiccup's close friend and partner; and the unofficial second-in-command of the dragon training academy  She has a strong character, is one of the most courageous of the Dragon Riders, and is very competitive  She has a strong bond with her dragon, Stormfly  During Season 5 of Race to the Edge, Hiccup gives Astrid a betrothal necklace, making them officially engaged to be married Stormfly – A blue, female Deadly Nadder befriended by Astrid  Like Hiccup and Toothless, Astrid and Stormfly display exceptional teamwork  Stormfly and Toothless share a friendly rivalry in most of the competitions Hiccup and Astrid devise  In addition to her magnesium-fueled fire bursts, Stormfly can launch spines from her tail Fishlegs Ingerman (voiced by Christopher Mintz-Plasse) – One of Hiccup's close friends; has a great encyclopedic knowledge of dragons  He is not as courageous as the other Dragon Riders, but is a loyal friend, especially to Hiccup and Astrid  He has formed a very close relationship with his dragon, Meatlug Meatlug – A brown, female Gronckle who bonded with Fishlegs  Because of her husky size and short wingspan, she lacks the aerobatic maneuverability and speed of the other dragons  She and Fishlegs have a very close, nurturing relationship  She also can eat a particular combination of iron ore and rocks and regurgitate a valuable metal known as "Gronckle iron" Snotlout Jorgenson (voiced by Zack Pearlman) –  One of Hiccup's friends; reckless, quarrelsome, and often seen mocking or annoying the other riders  He has a complicated relationship with his dragon, Hookfang Hookfang – A red, male Monstrous Nightmare, ridden by Snotlout  Hookfang has a habit of attacking Snotlout or abandoning him when Snotlout tries to assert dominance, and does not always pay attention to Snotlout  In battle, Hookfang covers his skin with his flammable saliva and sets it on fire, without harming himself; this ability is almost never used when Snotlout is riding him Tuffnut Thorston (voiced by T  J  Miller) and Ruffnut Thorston (voiced by Julie Marcus (season 1) and Andree Vermeulen (seasons 2–8)) – Male and female fraternal twins and followers of Hiccup  They constantly quarrel and disobey commands Barf and Belch – A green, male, two-headed Hideous Zippleback jointly ridden by the twins, normally with Ruffnut riding the dragon's right head, named Barf (which can exhale explosive gas), and Tuffnut riding the dragon's left head, named Belch (which can ignite the gas)  The heads are usually agreeable, but can have difficulty flying when their riders disagree, and sometimes quarrel as a result 

Notable inhabitants of Berk
Stoick the Vast (voiced by Nolan North) – The Chief of Berk and father to Hiccup; immensely strong, fearless, fierce, and possessed of shrewd judgement and compassion  His first dragon is a Thunderdrum named Thornado, who is later released back into the wild  His second dragon is Skullcrusher, a Rumblehorn 
Gobber the Belch (voiced by Chris Edgerly) – The blacksmith of Berk, Stoick's closest friend, and Hiccup's mentor  Later he is seen riding a Hotburple named Grump 
Spitelout Jorgenson (voiced by David Tennant) – Snotlout's father  Spitelout takes pride in his son's achievements, but seldom forgives his failures  He is a member of the A-team and rides a Deadly Nadder named Kingstail 
Gustav Larson (voiced by Lucas Grabeel) – Gustav is a teenager who aspires to be a Dragon Rider  He takes Snotlout as his model and hero, especially in the first two seasons  He becomes the leader of Berk's A-Team and he rides a Monstrous Nightmare named Fanghook, based on Hookfang's name 
Gothi (voiced by Angela Bartys) – The village's shaman  As a mute, she communicates by gesturing or drawing lines and hieroglyphic-like pictures, translated by Gobber or Fishlegs  She rides a Gronckle as part of the A-team 
Mildew (voiced by Stephen Root) – Mildew is a cantankerous, spiteful, aged and generally disliked Berk local  He is a cabbage farmer and retains a strong hatred of dragons 
Bucket (voiced by Thomas F  Wilson) – A mentally impaired Viking, named for the bucket he wears on his head, allegedly to conceal a missing part of his brain  When the bucket grows tighter, the locals regard this as an early storm warning 
Mulch (voiced by Tim Conway (seasons 1–2) and Tom Kenny (seasons 3–8)) – Bucket's closest friend, usually seen by his side and frequently picking up the slack for Bucket 

Villains
Johann (voiced by Michael Goldstrom) – A seafaring merchant who occasionally visits Berk and trades mostly in curiosities  Prior to Dragons: Race to the Edge Season 5, he was thought to be an ally of the Dragon Riders  However, in the finale of Season 5, it is revealed that he has been undercover and is secretly working with Krogan to find and control a Bewilderbeast  He meets his end in "King of Dragons, Part 2", when the Bewilderbeast uses its ice to freeze him to death 
Krogan (voiced by Hakeem Kae-Kazim) – The leader of the Dragon Flyers who works for Drago Bludvist  His overconfidence often clashes with Viggo's patience  When he fails to retrieve a Bewilderbeast for his master in “King of Dragons, Part 2”, Drago has him executed 
Viggo Grimborn (voiced by Alfred Molina) – The leader of the Dragon Hunters and is usually accompanied by his older brother, Ryker Grimborn  Viggo is less strong than his brother, but for what he lacks in build he makes up for in intellect, frequently tricking and outsmarting the Dragon Riders  In "Triple Cross", he is betrayed by Johann and Krogan and has a change of heart before sacrificing himself to allow Hiccup and Toothless to escape 
Ryker Grimborn (voiced by JB Blanc) – The second-in-command of the Dragon Hunters and the elder brother of Viggo Grimborn  Ryker is physically stronger and more stubborn than his younger brother  He is killed in "Shell Shocked, Part 2" when the Submaripper swallows his ship 
Savage (voiced by Paul Rugg) – Alvin's right-hand man and later that of Dagur before he goes on his own in Dragons: Race to the Edge Season 4  In "Something Rotten on Berserker Island", he attempts to overthrow Dagur to become the new Chief of the Berserker Tribe, only to be defeated and imprisoned by him 

Secondary characters
Alvin the Treacherous (voiced by Mark Hamill) – Exiled from Berk for unspecified treachery (later revealed to be catching innocent bystanders in the crossfire of a dragon attack), he plots to displace his old friend, Stoick  He later becomes an ally of Berk at the end of Season 2 
Heather (voiced by Mae Whitman) – A mysterious teenage girl found by the Viking youths  Although she was at first introduced for actions against Berk, her true motive, to rescue her parents from Alvin the Treacherous, proved her loyalty  She returns in Season 3, bonding with a Razorwhip dragon named Windshear  She is later revealed to be Dagur's long-lost sister and pretends to be in league with him in order to get close to him and the newly unveiled dragon hunters  She leaves to parts unknown after her plot is uncovered by Viggo  She soon returns, showing romantic feelings for Fishlegs and joins the Dragon Riders  After being with the Dragon Riders for a while, she decides to leave for Berserker Island with her brother, Dagur 
Dagur the Deranged (voiced by David Faustino) – A villain-turned-ally and leader of the Berserker Tribe  He becomes obsessed with plotting to hunt and capture Toothless  He is later revealed to be the long-lost brother of Heather  After Dragons: Race to the Edge Season Two, he begins to acknowledge the aims of the Dragon Riders and starts to help them, along with his sister, Heather  Later, Dagur becomes a Dragon Rider with a Gronckle he named Shattermaster, and later on, Sleuther, a Triple Stryke that the Dragon Riders had previously rescued  In Season 6, he falls in love with and eventually marries Mala  Though he acts tough and aggressive, he is also rather sensitive 
Defenders of the Wing – A tribe of warriors who first appear in the episode "Defenders of the Wing: Part 1"  They worship dragons as holy beings and are led by Queen Mala (voiced by Adelaide Kane)  They are at war with the Dragon Hunters and are therefore extremely distrusting of outsiders  Prior to encountering the Dragon Riders, they know nothing of riding or training dragons, as their culture forbids it  They live on a volcanic island home to an enormous dragon called the Eruptodon  They worship and protect the Eruptodon at all cost, as it feeds on the volcano's lava and prevents their village from being destroyed  Mala later falls in love with and marries Dagur the Deranged 
Wingmaidens – An exclusively female warrior tribe led by their chieftess Atali (voiced by Rose McIver) who first appear in the episode "Snotlout’s Angels"  They care for baby Razorwhips who become their wings until they are old enough to fend for themselves because the adult males of the species would devour the infants and could drive the species to extinction 

Episodes
Production
On October 12, 2010, it was announced that Cartoon Network had acquired worldwide broadcast rights to a weekly animated series based on the film  According to Tim Johnson, executive producer for How to Train Your Dragon, the series was planned to be much darker and deeper than DreamWorks Animation's previous television series spin-offs, with a similar tone to the film, and would follow after the events of the first film  DreamWorks Dragons is the first DreamWorks Animation series to air on Cartoon Network; DreamWorks Animation's previous television series, including The Penguins of Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness, and Monsters vs  Aliens, had aired on Nickelodeon Although it was initially announced that the series would be called Dragons: The Series, the San Diego Comic-Con schedule announced in June 2012 revealed the new title to be Dragons: Riders of Berk  The second season of the show was titled Dragons: Defenders of Berk  At the end of May 2014, DreamWorks Animation announced that the series would move to Netflix in spring 2015 

Reception
Critical response
Dragons: Riders of Berk has received positive reviews  Brian Lowry of Variety reviewed the series: "The program is dazzling visually, and pretty effortlessly picks up where the narrative left off," although he noted the initial episodes' "lack of actual villains" and "not-particularly-stirring array of characters"  Mary McNamara of Los Angeles Times said that it "retains both the personality and production value of its progenitor  Dragons promise to be lively and entertaining, with great visuals of dragons swooping and soaring " She praised its look: "It looks pretty dang spectacular even by today's standards  It's so crisply drawn and fluid that a person of a certain age would be forgiven for wondering how on earth we survived with things like Scooby-Doo and The Perils of Penelope Pitstop " According to Nielsen Media Research, episodes of the first season ranked on average #1 in their timeslot among boys 2–14 

Accolades
Video games
A 3D Unity-based in-browser game, titled Dragons: Wild Skies, was launched on August 27, 2012, on CartoonNetwork com  Players will go through a tutorial with Hiccup, and train a Deadly Nadder, before being able to free roam around the several islands in the Barbaric Archipelago, with dragons scattered around them  The player can choose to be a blonde/brunette male or female Viking, before setting off to explore the islands  To train a dragon, players must feed the dragons correct food before doing correct gestures to gain the dragon's trust  In the game, players do not die or otherwise fail  Players complete challenges to earn gold for buying tools to obtain food for training dragons  The overworld consists of six islands, each with a unique dragon to tame  The number of dragons and worlds to explore is set to expand over time, as the series introduces more and more places and dragons   

Home media
A DVD collection of the first four episodes, titled Dragons: Riders of Berk, was released on November 20, 2012  The first season of the series was released on DVD in two parts on July 23, 2013  Dragons: Riders of Berk: Part 1 contained episodes from 1 to 11, and Dragons: Riders of Berk: Part 2, episodes from 12 to 20  In December 2013, Walmart released an exclusive pack containing the Complete 1st Season in a special edition "Toothless" plastic package  A DVD collection of the first 10 episodes of the second season, titled Dragons: Defenders of Berk: Part 1, was released on March 25, 2014  The second part, titled Dragons: Defenders of Berk: Part 2, was later released on May 27, 2014  On February 12, 2019, the first two seasons of Dragons: Race to the Edge was released on DVD in one set  Seasons three and four were released on DVD on March 5, 2019, and seasons five and six were released on DVD on March 26, 2019, albeit all only in Region 1 format 
Passage 6:
How to Train Your Dragon (franchise)
How to Train Your Dragon (abbreviated HTTYD) is an American media franchise from DreamWorks Animation and loosely based on the eponymous series of children's books by British author Cressida Cowell  It consists of three feature films: How to Train Your Dragon (2010), How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014) and How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019)  The franchise also contains five short films: Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010), Book of Dragons (2010), Gift of the Night Fury (2011), Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014) and How to Train Your Dragon: Homecoming (2019)  A live-action reboot from Universal Pictures is in development and scheduled for release on March 14, 2025 The television series based on the events of the first film, DreamWorks Dragons, began airing on Cartoon Network in September 2012  The first and second seasons were titled Dragons: Riders of Berk and Dragons: Defenders of Berk respectively  After the two seasons on Cartoon Network, the series was given the new title Dragons: Race to the Edge  The characters are older and it served as a prequel to the second film, running from June 2015 to February 2018  A second series, titled Dragons: Rescue Riders, began airing on Netflix in 2019 and features a completely different cast and locale than the original series of films and TV shows, but is set in the same universe  A third series, Dragons: The Nine Realms, began streaming on Hulu and Peacock in December 2021, with Rescue Riders transferring to Peacock beginning with the third season under the Heroes of the Sky subtitle  Unlike past entries in the franchise, The Nine Realms is set in the 21st century, specifically 1,300 years after the events of The Hidden World 
The franchise primarily follows the adventures of a young Viking named Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III (voiced by Jay Baruchel), son of Stoick the Vast, leader of the Viking island of Berk  Although initially dismissed as a clumsy and underweight misfit, he soon becomes renowned as a courageous expert in dragons, alongside Toothless, a member of the rare Night Fury breed as his flying mount and his closest companion  Together with his friends, he manages the village's allied dragon population in defense of his home as leader of a flying corps of dragon riders  Upon becoming leaders of their kind, Hiccup and Toothless are forced to make choices that will truly ensure peace between people and dragons  Dean DeBlois, the director of the film trilogy, described its story as "Hiccup's coming of age", taking place across a span of five years between the first and second film, and a year between the second and third film The film series has been highly acclaimed, with each film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, in addition to the first film's nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Score 

Films
Original animated trilogy
How to Train Your Dragon (2010)
How to Train Your Dragon, the first film in the series, was released on March 26, 2010  It was directed by Dean DeBlois and Chris Sanders, and is inspired by the 2003 book of the same name by Cressida Cowell  The story takes place in a mythical Viking world where a young Viking teenager named Hiccup aspires to follow his tribe's tradition of becoming a dragon slayer  After finally capturing his first dragon, and with his chance of finally gaining the tribe's acceptance, he finds that he no longer has the desire to kill the dragon and instead befriends it  The film grossed nearly $500 million worldwide, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature 

How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014)
A sequel, How to Train Your Dragon 2, was confirmed on April 27, 2010  The film was written and directed by DeBlois, the co-director of the first film  Bonnie Arnold, the producer of the first film, also returned, with Sanders, who co-directed the first film, only exec-producing this time due to his involvement with The Croods and its sequel until the latter was delayed  The film was released on June 13, 2014  It was announced that the entire original voice cast – Baruchel, Butler, Ferguson, Ferrera, Hill, Mintz-Plasse, Miller and Wiig – would return for the sequel  New cast includes Kit Harington as Eret, Cate Blanchett as Valka, and Djimon Hounsou as Drago Bludvist  John Powell, the composer of the first film's score, returned for the second and third film 
Set five years after the events of the original film, Hiccup and Toothless have successfully united dragons and Vikings  Now 20 years old, Hiccup is pressed to succeed his father as chieftain  When he discovers a group of dragon trappers led by Drago Bludvist, he goes on a quest to find Drago, while also coming across his long-lost mother Valka 

How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019)
In December 2010, DreamWorks CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg confirmed that there would also be a third film in the series: "How To Train Your Dragon is at least three: maybe more, but we know there are at least three chapters to that story " DeBlois, the writer, and director of the second and the third film, said that How to Train Your Dragon 2 is being intentionally designed as the second act of the trilogy: "There are certain characters and situations that come into play in the second film that will have to become much more crucial to the story by the third "The film's release date was changed several times  In September 2012, 20th Century Fox and DreamWorks Animation announced an initial release date of June 18, 2016, which was later changed to June 16, 2016  It was then moved to June 9, 2017, and later to May 18, 2018, taking over the release date of Warner Animation Group's The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part  On December 5, 2016, the release date was pushed back again to March 2, 2019  This was the first DreamWorks Animation film to be distributed by Universal Pictures, after NBCUniversal's acquisition of the company in 2016, and followed DreamWorks' departure from 20th Century Fox after 2017's Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie 
The film was produced by Arnold, and exec-produced by DeBlois and Sanders  Baruchel, Butler, Blanchett, Ferguson, Ferrera, Hill, Mintz-Plasse, Harington and Wiig reprised their roles from previous films  F  Murray Abraham joined the cast as the film's main villain, Grimmel Set one year after the events of the second film, Hiccup had become the new chieftain of Berk for dragons and Vikings  His late father had told a younger Hiccup to seek out the haven of dragons, known as "the Hidden World"  Upon discovering a female Night Fury dragon, Toothless initiates a new bond with her  The Night Fury killer, Grimmel the Grisly, sets out to find and kill Toothless, prompting Hiccup to choose between keeping the dragons or setting them all free 

Live-action reboot
In February 2023, a live-action film unrelated to the animated trilogy, re-adapting the original How to Train Your Dragon novel series, was announced to be in development, to be produced by Marc Platt Productions and distributed by Universal Pictures, with Dean DeBlois set to return to write and direct  It is scheduled for release on March 14, 2025  Filming was scheduled to begin on June 30, 2023, in Los Angeles In February 2023, John Powell was confirmed to return to write the score for the live-action film  Later in May, Mason Thames and Nico Parker were announced to have been cast as Hiccup and Astrid, respectively 

Television series
Three television series make up the bulk of the DreamWorks Dragons television franchise: DreamWorks Dragons, Rescue Riders, and The Nine Realms               All series in total amount to 210 episodes across 20 seasons of television 

DreamWorks Dragons (2012–2018)
On October 12, 2010, it was announced that Cartoon Network had acquired worldwide broadcast rights to a weekly animated series based on the movie, which was scheduled to begin sometime in 2012  In January 2011, producer Tim Johnson confirmed that work had begun on the series and that, unlike the TV series spin-offs of the films Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda and Monsters vs  Aliens, How To Train Your Dragon's series is much darker and deeper, like the movie  The show is the first DreamWorks Animation series that airs on Cartoon Network instead of Nickelodeon, unlike previous series such as The Penguins of Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness and Monsters vs  Aliens Although it was announced that the series would be called Dragons: The Series, TV promos shown in June 2012 revealed a new title – Dragons: Riders of Berk  The series began airing in the third quarter of 2012  John Sanford, the director of seven episodes in the first season, confirmed that there would also be a second season  Jay Baruchel, who voiced Hiccup, also stars in the series, as well as America Ferrera (Astrid), Christopher Mintz-Plasse (Fishlegs), and T  J  Miller (Tuffnut)  The second season is accompanied with the new subtitle, Defenders of Berk, replacing the previous Riders of Berk subtitle  Starting with the third season, the series moved to Netflix and is accompanied by the subtitle Race to the Edge 

DreamWorks Dragons: Rescue Riders (2019–2022)
A preschool-oriented spin-off, DreamWorks Dragons: Rescue Riders was released on Netflix on September 27, 2019 

DreamWorks Dragons: The Nine Realms (2021–present)
On October 13, 2021, DreamWorks announced DreamWorks Dragons: The Nine Realms, set 1,300 years after The Hidden World  The six-episode series was released on Peacock and Hulu on December 23, 2021  The Nine Realms stars Jeremy Shada, and is executive produced by showrunner John Tellegen, Chuck Austen and Henry Gilroy 

Short films
Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010)
Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon is a 16 minute sequel short film to the feature film How to Train Your Dragon  The short was originally broadcast on television on October 14, 2010, on Cartoon Network, and released next day as a special feature on Blu-ray and double DVD edition of the original feature film The film follows Hiccup and his young fellows accompanying their mentor, Gobber, on a quest to kill the legendary Boneknapper Dragon  About half the film is done in traditional animation, showing Gobber's history and his encounters with the Boneknapper, and how he comes to look like he does now 

Book of Dragons (2011)
Book of Dragons is an 18-minute short film, based on How to Train Your Dragon, and was released on November 15, 2011, on DVD and Blu-ray, along with Gift of the Night Fury  The short shows Hiccup, Astrid, Fishlegs, Toothless and Gobber telling the legend behind the Book of Dragons and revealing insider training secrets about new, never before seen dragons  The short shows a total of 14 different dragons, each separated into 7 classes: Stoker (Terrible Terror, Monstrous Nightmare), Boulder (Gronckle, Whispering Death), Fear (Hideous Zippleback, Snaptrapper), Sharp (Deadly Nadder, Timberjack), Tidal (Scauldron, Thunderdrum), Mystery (Changewing, Boneknapper) and Strike (Skrill, Night Fury) 

Gift of the Night Fury (2011)
Gift of the Night Fury is a 22-minute How to Train Your Dragon Christmas special, directed by Tom Owens  It was released on November 15, 2011, on DVD and Blu-ray, along with Book of Dragons 
Based on How to Train Your Dragon, the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday, 'Snoggletog', when suddenly all the dragons inexplicably go on a mass migration, except for Toothless, so Hiccup gives him something to help 

Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014)
A 25-minute short film, titled Dawn of the Dragon Racers, was released on November 11, 2014, on the DVD/Blu-ray/digital release of How to Train Your Dragon 2  It was released on DVD separately on March 3, 2015, and it also includes Book of Dragons and Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon  It was directed by John Sanford and Elaine Bogan, and it features the voices of Jay Baruchel and America Ferrera along with the cast from the television series  In the short, a hunt for a lost sheep turns into a competition between Hiccup and his friends for the first title of Dragon Racing Champion of Berk 

How to Train Your Dragon: Homecoming (2019)
How to Train Your Dragon: Homecoming is a 22-minute holiday special which aired on NBC on December 3, 2019  It is set ten years after the dragons left the Vikings in How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, but within the film's epilogue  Hiccup and Astrid's children believe dragons are dangerous monsters after finding Stoick's old journals, leading Hiccup and Astrid to bring back the Snoggletog Pageant in order to convince them otherwise  Meanwhile, Toothless and the Light Fury's three Night Light children come to New Berk looking for Hiccup, prompting their parents to go after them 

Snoggletog Log (2019)
Snoggletog Log is a 28-minute slow television short film inspired by The Yule Log; it is a single continuous 28-minute shot of a Christmas fireplace, with various gags involving the franchise's main characters, Viking and dragon alike, happening every so often  It has been available on Hulu since the 2019 holiday season 

Video games
An action adventure video game released by Activision called How to Train Your Dragon was released for the Wii, Xbox 360, PS3 and Nintendo DS gaming consoles  It is loosely based on the film and was released on March 23, 2010 
Super Star Kartz video game was released by Activision on November 15, 2011, for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo 3DS  The game features 14 different characters from DreamWorks' films – How to Train Your Dragon, Madagascar, Shrek, and Monsters vs  Aliens 
Dragons: TapDragonDrop, a mobile video game, developed by PikPok, was released on May 3, 2012, on App Store for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch 
Dragons: Wild Skies, a 3D virtual world game based on the television series DreamWorks Dragons has been launched on August 27, 2012, on CartoonNetwork com  The game allows players to find, train and ride wild dragons, including new ones as they are introduced in the series 
School of Dragons, a 3D educational massively multiplayer online role-playing game produced by JumpStart, game concept was co-created by Producer David Jaloza and Lead Designer Justin Prate was released online in July 2013, after a month-long beta testing  A Facebook version was released in October 2013, followed by an iPad app in December 2013, a version for Android-powered tablets in March 2014, and a version for the PC in 2014  In the game, each player is able to adopt, raise and train a dragon, while learning how they function  The game was shut down on June 30, 2023 
Dragons Adventure, an augmented reality game, was released in November 2013, exclusively for Nokia Lumia 2520 
Dragons: Rise of Berk is a free game which allows players to build their own Berk village, send Hiccup and Toothless out on exploration, hatch and collect up to 30 dragons and train their own dragon at the academy  Developed by Ludia, it was released in May 2014 for iOS, and on June 20, 2014, for Android and Facebook 
How to Train Your Dragon 2, an action adventure game, was released in June 2014 for Xbox 360, Nintendo 3DS, Wii, Wii U and PlayStation 3  The game was published by Little Orbit 
Canadian developer Ludia announced Dragons: Titan Uprising in November 2018, for release in early 2019 
Dragons: Dawn of New Riders, an action adventure game, developed by Climax Studios and released in 2019 for Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and PC  The game involves the playable characters Scribbler and Patch on their quest to defeat Eir, by exploring the world and its puzzle and battle elements 
Dragons: Legends of the Nine Realms, an action adventure game, developed by Aheartfulofgames and released in 2022 for Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and PC 

Literature
Comic books
A series of comic books, titled Dragons: Riders of Berk, were released by Titan Comics, starting with the first volume, Dragon Down, on April 30, 2014  The comics were written by Simon Furman and drawn by Iwan Nazif  Other volumes are Dangers of the Deep (2014), The Ice Castle (2015), The Stowaway (2015), The Legend of Ragnarok (2015), and Underworld (2015)  Two more comic books were published on February 24, 2016, titled Dragons: Defenders of Berk  The following volumes are The Endless Night (2016) and Snowmageddon (2016) 

Graphic novels
Dark Horse Comics have released a series of graphic novels based on the franchise, starting with How to Train Your Dragon: The Serpent's Heir in 2016  The series was co-written by Dean DeBlois, writer and director of the film series, and Richard Hamilton, writer of Dragons: Race to the Edge, with the production designer of How to Train Your Dragon 2, Pierre-Olivier Vincent, providing cover artwork  The series took place between the events of second and third film, with the first novel picking up right after the conclusion of the second film 

Live performance
Ice show
A Broadway-style production titled How To Train Your Dragon On Ice is currently on Royal Caribbean's Allure of the Seas 

Arena show
How to Train Your Dragon Live Spectacular or How to Train Your Dragon Arena Spectacular is an arena show adaptation of the original film  The show is being produced in partnership with Global Creatures, the company behind another arena show Walking with Dinosaurs – The Arena Spectacular, and directed by Nigel Jamieson  The score was composed by John Powell and Jónsi from Sigur Rós  Arena Spectacular features 24 animatronic dragons – 10 different species in various sizes: Nadder, Gronckle, Monstrous Nightmare, Night Fury (Toothless), Red Death, Skrill, Stinger, Kite Dragon, Zippleback and Egg Biter  It also features villagers and Vikings, including Hiccup (Rarmian Newton/Riley Miner), Astrid (Sarah McCreanor/Gemma Nguyen), Stoick (Robert Morgan), and Gobber (Will Watkins) The show premiered as How to Train Your Dragon Arena Spectacular on March 3, 2012, in Melbourne, Australia, and was followed by a New Zealand tour in April 2012  Renamed to How to Train Your Dragon Live Spectacular, it toured United States and Canada between June 2012 and January 2013, when it was cancelled in favour of taking the show to China where it premiered in July 2014  It was also planned to come to England but was later scrapped due to an increase in market demand in China 

Theme parks
Heide Park
In 2016, the German theme park Heide Park created a whole section of the park offering various rides based on the franchise called "How to Train Your Dragon: The Island"  It offers three different flying attractions and a boat ride where guests venture into the dark Dragon Caves to meet and help Hiccup, Toothless and their friends 

Motiongate Dubai
The Dubai Hollywood-inspired theme park Motiongate Dubai also features a section of the park based on the films and television series  The most prominent attraction is the hanging roller coaster named "Dragon Gliders"  Riders join Hiccup, Toothless, Astrid, and Stormfly in flying through the caves of the Forbidden Island, where they come across an unexpected threat  Guests can also meet and greet with Hiccup, Toothless, and Astrid 

Universal Studios
To promote How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, Universal Studios Florida briefly had a limited-time virtual reality experience where guests could experience riding on Toothless, while Universal Studios Hollywood allowed visitors to meet and greet with Toothless  Universal Studios Beijing's Hollywood Boulevard area contains Untrainable, an immersive How to Train Your Dragon-themed stage show with largescale puppets and sets 

DreamWorks Water Park
A Proslide KrakenRACER mat racing slide called Dragon Racers opened at DreamWorks Water Park at American Dream in East Rutherford, New Jersey, on October 1, 2020, along with a Proslide and the world's tallest and longest hydromagnetic water coaster called Toothless Trickling Torpedo 

Reception
Box office
Having earned over $1 6 billion worldwide, How to Train Your Dragon is the 13th highest-grossing animated franchise 

Critical and public response
Accolades
The franchise was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Animated Feature, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film 

Recurring cast and characters
Additional crew and production details



ground_truth: Pleiospilos