prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: 3 Arts Entertainment had at least one coalition with what streaming service, with its 13-episode, 2015 season of a Tina Fey created sitcom?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Great News
Great News is an American sitcom television series created and written by Tracey Wigfield, and executive produced by Wigfield alongside Tina Fey, Robert Carlock, and David Miner for 3 Arts Entertainment, Little Stranger and Universal Television  The series premiered April 25, 2017 on NBC On May 11, 2017, NBC renewed Great News for a second season of 13 episodes, which premiered on September 28, 2017  On May 11, 2018, NBC canceled the series after two seasons 

Premise
The series, set in the world of television news, follows an up-and-coming news producer who finds herself dealing with a new intern: her mother 

Cast and characters
Main
Briga Heelan as Katherine "Katie" Wendelson, a segment producer at The Breakdown who suddenly has to deal with the presence of her mother Carol, who is hired as an intern at the show
Andrea Martin as Carol Wendelson, Katie's mother and an intern at The Breakdown
Adam Campbell as Greg Walsh, an executive producer at The Breakdown and Katie's boss and love interest
Nicole Richie as Portia Scott-Griffith, co-anchor of The Breakdown
Horatio Sanz as Justin, video editor at The Breakdown
John Michael Higgins as Chuck Pierce, co-anchor of The Breakdown who was once a well-respected network anchor

Recurring
Tracey Wigfield as Beth Vierk: the meteorologist for The Breakdown
Sheaun McKinney as Wayne: a cameraman for The Breakdown
Brad Morris as Gene: one of the segment producers on The Breakdown
Stewart Skelton as Dave Wendelson: Katie's father and Carol's husband, whose face is always partially obscured
Vicki Lawrence as Angie Deltaliano: Carol's best friend
Sarah Baker as Joyce Vickley: a human resources employee who comes in contact with The Breakdown staff
Adam Countee as Chip: co-host of The Chip & Chet Report, a competitor of The Breakdown
Dave Hill as Chet: co-host of The Chip & Chet Report, a competitor of The Breakdown
Ana Gasteyer as Kelly: boozy co-host of Morning Wined Up, MMN's morning show
Rachel Dratch as Mary-Kelly: boozy co-host of Morning Wined Up, MMN's morning show
Christina Pickles as Mildred Marlock (season 1): the owner of MMN and Greg's grandmother
Tina Fey as Diana St  Tropez (season 2): the new head of MMN
Reid Scott as Jeremy (season 2): Katie's new boyfriend and a workaholic reporter for The New York Times
Jim Rash as Fenton Pelt (season 2): the billionaire owner of Pelt Industries who sues MMN due to a story reported by The Breakdown

Guest
Episodes
Season 1 (2017)
Season 2 (2017–18)
Reception
Great News has received generally positive reviews from critics  On Rotten Tomatoes the series has an approval rating of 76% based on 33 reviews, with an average rating of 6 15/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "Great News overcomes its familiar trappings with gently subversive humor and a smart cast of talented, likable actors " On Metacritic, the series has a score of 67 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews" 
Passage 2:
3 Arts Entertainment
3 Arts Entertainment is an American production company and talent management founded by Erwin Stoff, Michael Rotenberg and Howard Klein in 1991 The company has gone on to produce TV shows such as King of the Hill, The Office, Everybody Hates Chris, Parks and Recreation, The Mindy Project, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, American Vandal as well as produce films Edge of Tomorrow, Unbroken and 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi  The first movie the company produced was the National Lampoon movie Loaded Weapon 1, which was released on February 5, 1993  The company subsequently set up a deal with 20th Century Fox in 1993  In 1996, 3 Arts made an alliance with CBS and Sony Pictures to launch 3 Arts Television which was dissolved by the end of the following year when it failed to produce any primetime TV projects for the network Erwin Stoff founded the company with Michael Rotenberg and Howard Klein, who are all producers and talent managers  Managers Dave Becky, David Miner, Molly Madden and Nick Frenkel work at 3 Arts  In 2003, 3 Arts received a television deal at 20th Century Fox Television  In May 2018, Lionsgate acquired a majority stake in the company 

Films produced
TV shows produced
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Passage 3:
Louie (season 2)
The second season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on June 23, 2011, and concluded on September 8, 2011  It consisted of thirteen episodes, each running approximately 23 minutes in length  FX broadcast the second season on Thursdays at 10:30 pm in the United States  The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C K , Dave Becky and M  Blair Breard  The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on June 19, 2012 Louie was created, written and directed by Louis C K , who stars as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City  The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances 
The season received critical acclaim from critics 

Cast
Main cast
Louis C K  as Louie

Recurring cast
Guest stars
Nick DiPaolo as Nick ("Niece")
Jim Norton as Jim ("Oh, Louie/Tickets")
Chris Rock as Chris ("New Jersey/Airport")
Godfrey as Godfrey ("Niece")
F  Murray Abraham as Jonathan ("New Jersey/Airport")
Amir Blumenfeld as Young Nervous Writer ("Halloween/Ellie")
Dane Cook as Dane ("Oh, Louie/Tickets")
Joan Rivers as Joan ("Joan")
Bob Saget as Bob ("Oh, Louie/Tickets")
Doug Stanhope as Eddie ("Eddie")
Keni Thomas as Keni ("Duckling")
Steven Wright as Steven ("New Jersey/Airport")

Episodes
Reception
Reviews
The second season of Louie received "universal acclaim" from critics, receiving a Metacritic score of 90 out of 100, based on seven reviews  Alan Sepinwall of HitFix called it "one of the best shows on television" and Kris King of Slant Magazine stated "Louie is smart, cinematic, and bitterly honest, constantly dancing between revelatory moments and hysterical bursts of humor that are both surprising and touching "

Awards and nominations
For the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, Louis C K  received three nominations for his work on Louie—he was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (for "Duckling") and won for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series (for "Pregnant")  For the 28th TCA Awards, the series and C K  himself each won for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy and Outstanding Individual Achievement in Comedy, respectively  C K  and Pamela Adlon received a nomination for Best Television Comedy Series for the 64th Writers Guild of America Awards  C K  was nominated for Best Actor – Television Series: Musical or Comedy for the 17th Satellite Awards  The series was also included as one of the Top Television Programs of the Year by the American Film Institute 
Passage 4:
The Mindy Project
The Mindy Project is an American romantic comedy television series created by and starring Mindy Kaling that began airing on Fox in September 2012 and finished its run of six seasons on Hulu in November 2017  The series was co-produced by Universal Television and 3 Arts Entertainment 

Plot
The series follows obstetrician/gynecologist, Mindy Lahiri (Mindy Kaling) as she tries to balance her personal and professional life, surrounded by quirky co-workers in a small medical practice in New York City  The character was inspired by Kaling's own mother, an OB/GYN  Mindy explores life with the help of her co-workers: Danny Castellano (Chris Messina), her best friend and love interest, whose religious sensibilities occasionally cause some tension; Jeremy Reed, an English physician who manages the practice; Peter Prentice, another physician who was a fraternity jock while attending Dartmouth; Morgan Tookers, a wacky, yet lovable registered nurse and an ex-con; Tamra Webb, a blunt  nurse; and Beverley, the libidinous older office receptionist 

Cast and characters
Main
Mindy Kaling as Dr  Mindy Kuhel Lahiri, a romantically frustrated OB/GYN at Shulman & Associates 
Chris Messina as Dr  Daniel Alan "Danny" Castellano (seasons 1–4; guest season 5; recurring season 6), another OB/GYN (formerly at Shulman & Associates, now at Freedom Tower Women's Health), Mindy's main frenemy and love interest 
Ed Weeks as Dr  Jeremiah "Jeremy" Reed, OB/GYN, Mindy and Danny's somewhat hapless co-partner at the office 
Anna Camp as Gwendolyn "Gwen" Grandy (season 1; guest season 2), Mindy's best friend who has settled down with a family 
Zoe Jarman as Betsy Putch (seasons 1–2), a former receptionist at the office 
Amanda Setton as Shauna Dicanio (season 1), a former receptionist at the office 
Stephen Tobolowsky as Dr  Marc Shulman (season 1; guest season 4), a former senior partner of the practice 
Ike Barinholtz as Morgan Fairchild Ransom Tookers, a registered nurse and ex-con at the office 
Beth Grant as Beverley Janoszewski, a former nurse turned receptionist at the office 
Xosha Roquemore as Tamra Webb (seasons 2–6; recurring season 1), a nurse at the office  She has a long term boyfriend, Ray Ron, for 20 years but breaks up with him to date Morgan  She name drops famous men she has dated 
Adam Pally as Dr  Peter Prentice (seasons 2–3; guest season 4; recurring seasons 5–6), Mindy's best friend and an OB/GYN at the office 
Garret Dillahunt as Dr  Jody Kimball-Kinney (seasons 4–6), an OB/GYN who joins Shulman & Associates during Mindy's maternity leave 
Fortune Feimster as Colette Kimball-Kinney (seasons 4–6), a nurse at the office and sister of Jody  She and Morgan eventually move in together 
Rebecca Rittenhouse as Dr  Anna Ziev (seasons 5–6), a young, put-together uptight doctor in the office who becomes a new foil for Mindy 

Recurring
Episodes
Production and development
The series was initially commissioned by NBC, but the pilot with the working title It's Messy was released from NBC's projects on January 27, 2012  NBC then sent the script to Fox executives who read it over that following weekend  On January 30, 2012, Fox green-lit the pilot, with Mindy Kaling attached to star On May 9, 2012, Fox placed a series order for the comedy  Two days later, the title was changed from It's Messy to The Mindy Project  On August 27, 2012, the pilot episode was made available to view online on various sites including Fox, in an attempt to garner interest in the series  On October 8, 2012, Fox ordered a full season of The Mindy Project  On March 4, 2013, the series was renewed for a second season, which began on September 17, 2013  On November 21, 2013, Fox announced that The Mindy Project would take a mid-season hiatus, before returning on April 1, 2014  Fox announced the third season renewal of The Mindy Project on March 7, 2014 On May 6, 2015, Fox cancelled the series after three seasons  On May 15, 2015, Hulu picked up the show, commissioning a 26 episode fourth season  On May 4, 2016, Hulu announced it had picked up the series for a 16-episode season 5, which was later reduced to 14  On March 29, 2017, Kaling announced the series would return for a sixth and final season; the final episode of the series aired on November 14, 2017 Casting announcements for the remaining series regular roles began in February 2012, with Ed Weeks cast in the role of Dr  Jeremy Reed, a sexy, British doctor in the practice  Zoe Jarman and Dana Delorenzo then joined in series regular roles  Jarman signed on to play Betsy Putch, an upbeat receptionist at the practice; whilst Delorenzo joined as Shauna Dicanio, a young, party loving receptionist in the practice  In mid-March, Chris Messina joined the cast as Dr  Danny Castellano, an arrogant doctor who works at the practice  Shortly after, Anna Camp boarded the series as Gwen Grandy, a stay-at-home mom and  Mindy's best friend A few months later, Amanda Setton, Stephen Tobolowsky and Ike Barinholtz joined the series  Setton replaced Dana DeLorenzo in the role of Shauna; Tobolowsky joined in the series regular role of Dr  Marc Shulman, the senior partner of the practice; and Barinholtz signed onto the recurring role of Morgan Tookers, a quirky rehabilitated ex-con  who joins the practice as a nurse 

Cast changes
The first change occurred when Stephen Tobolowsky's role was eliminated after the second episode – following re-shoots that saw his character be re-written into a mere authoritarian figure in the office – when it was decided that "they didn't really want Mindy to have a boss in the office"  Tobolowsky returned, albeit in a voice-over only role, in the eighth episode to explain that his character had retired  The second change of the season, which was first reported on November 20, 2012, saw Amanda Setton's role also eliminated entirely and Anna Camp downgraded to a recurring cast member  They both departed after the twelfth episode  Despite becoming a recurring cast member, Camp only made a single appearance in the seventeenth episode  Neither Setton or Camp's characters had their absence referenced, nor were they mentioned again 
The first change for the second season, which occurred before production of the season began, saw Xosha Roquemore upgraded to a series regular role after recurring in the final three episodes of the previous season  The second change, which occurred just prior to the production of the season's fifth episode, resulted in Adam Pally also being upgraded to a series regular role  He had previously signed onto the series in a recurring role but had filmed only two episodes prior to being promoted The first change of the third season occurred prior to the start of production and saw Zoe Jarman's role eliminated from the show  Like Setton and Camp's departures in the first season, the absence of her character was never addressed  The second cast change of the season was announced on November 21, 2014, and saw Adam Pally leave the series after the season's thirteenth episode  His departure after the thirteenth episode of the season was a condition of his upgrade to a series regular that had occurred the previous year  It was reported that Pally is "expected to make occasional guest appearances"  Pally made multiple guest appearances after his departure, where he was still credited amongst the regular cast in episodes he appeared, making his final appearance as a part of the main cast in the third-season finale 
In December 2015 it was reported that Fortune Feimster had been upgraded to a series regular role beginning with the fourteenth episode of the fourth season, after appearing in seven of the first thirteen episodes  Garret Dillahunt joined the show in a major recurring role as Dr  Jody Kimball-Kinney In June 2016, it was announced that Chris Messina would not be returning as a series regular for season five, but would instead appear as a guest star 

Reception
Critical reception
The Mindy Project received positive reviews from critics, with many highlighting Kaling's performance and her unique character, as well as the writing and directing  On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 81%, based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "The Mindy Project is such a charming comedy, led by Mindy Kaling's impressive talent, that its faults are easy to forgive " Review aggregation website Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean based on reviews from mainstream critics, season one received a score of 69 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews"  It was the number-six best-reviewed show according to the site's fall 2012 season On Rotten Tomatoes, Season 2 has a rating of 89%, based on 18 reviews, with an average rating of 6 8/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "Mindy Kaling earns consistent laughs with wit, charm and physical comedy, as she and her cast grow into well-rounded and familiar, albeit peculiar, characters " On Metacritic, the second season has a score of 55 out of 100, based on four critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Season 3 of the show holds a rating of 82% on Rotten Tomatoes with the critical consensus reading, "The Mindy Project, while still wildly funny, travels further into rom-com country this season "Season 4 of the show holds a rating of 93% on Rotten Tomatoes with the critical consensus reading, "The Mindy Project begins its online migration with some of the show's best-ever episodes, further refining the balance between heart and humor struck during the first three seasons " On Metacritic the season has a score of 81 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "universal acclaim" 

Criticism
The Mindy Project has been the object of scrutiny not only from traditional media forms but also from feminists and people of color, who often weigh in on the show's decisions in casting and writing  At the end of the first season, Jezebel posted an article called "Mindy Kaling Only Makes Out with White Guys", a critique of the casting of romantic leads on the show  The same article contains a response from Nisha Chittal, who has defended Kaling's success in the past, who applauded the show for not making Kaling's race central to her character, and for showing that an Indian woman could date non-Indian men 
During the second season, the episode "Mindy Lahiri Is a Racist," which addresses white supremacy, provoked discussion as to whether or not Kaling had made "reparations" for showing a predominantly white cast Before the third season began airing, Kaling received criticism for a comment in a Flare article entitled "She's the Boss", in which she stated that the show would not address abortion, as "it would be demeaning to the topic to talk about it in a half-hour sitcom " In an appearance on The Colbert Report two weeks later, she clarified:

A lot of women look to me and look to the show, and they want me to be a spokesperson for a lot of issues, and I actually think that's a responsibility that's cool, I want to live up to that     I want to be able to talk plainly on things but I also want to create an entertaining show  We haven't found a hilarious take on abortion that has not been done yet—but we might  I have faith in us Contrasting with the above criticism, a 2021 Feminist Media Studies' article titled "Un/accented: the politics of difference in US popular culture" argues that some of the criticism that The Mindy Project received, regarding the predominately white love interests or absence of Indian cultural reference, is not necessarily an issue for Kaling to address but rather indicative of how critics and journalists only see Kaling's work through surface level analysis and how many non-white bodies are present instead of what the work is actually critiquing through dialogue or plot 

Ratings
Awards and nominations
Broadcast
In the United Kingdom, the show airs on Sky Comedy  It used to air on E4 until 2015
In Canada the show was aired by City  A network spokesperson confirmed that The Mindy Project would continue to air new episodes on City City didn't air Season 6 until January 2018  (Hulu is not accessible in Canada )
In Oceania the show airs for Australia on the Seven Network from January 28, 2013 at 10PM Mondays and for New Zealand on FOUR from March 11, 2013 at 9:30PM Mondays 
In Europe the show aired from March 26, 2013 at 9:30PM Tuesdays, for the Netherlands on Foxlife from January 20, 2014 at 8:30PM Mondays and for Spain on Cosmopolitan TV from January 23, 2014 at 9:30PM Thursdays  In Germany the show airs on Comedy Central Germany since 2013 
Passage 5:
Louie (season 5)
The fifth and final season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on April 9, 2015, and concluded on May 28, 2015  It consists of eight episodes, each running approximately 23 minutes in length  FX broadcast the fifth season on Thursdays at 10:30 pm in the United States  The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C K , Dave Becky and M  Blair Breard 
Louie was created, written and directed by Louis C K , who stars as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City  The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances 

Production
Louie was renewed by FX for a fifth season in July 2014 with a seven-episode order  When FX announced the season's premiere date in January 2015, it was announced the season would consist of eight episodes instead of thirteen or fourteen  It was later revealed by Louis C K  during a panel to promote the show that the shortened season length was due to an unfortunate decision he made while high on marijuana  In January 2015, C K  spoke about the writing and tone of the season, "This season is more laugh-centric and funny than season four  The feeling I was having when I wrote the season   was a goofy and playful feeling " The fifth season features the return of the opening credits and theme song, which were absent in the fourth season 

Cast
Main cast
Louis C K  as Louie

Recurring cast
Guest stars
Episodes
Reception
Critical response
The fifth season of Louie has received acclaim from critics  On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 92%, based on 38 reviews, with the site's critical consensus reading, "A renewed focus on the show's singular blend of sincerity and hilarity keep Louie at the top of its game " On Metacritic, the season has a score of 91 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "universal acclaim" Sonia Saraiya of Salon wrote that "Louie is a treasure" and that season 5 of the show "is as confident and distinctive as ever, a sitcom that is not quite like anything else on television"  James Poniewozik of Time wrote that season 5 is "by and large, blisteringly funny" and "also poignant", stating that "Louie has again successfully reinvented itself, this time as what it used to be " Brian Lowry of Variety praised the series and wrote, "Almost nothing else on TV — certainly in half-hour form — rivals the particularity of C K 's approach, which has garnered the kind of well-deserved accolades that have kept FX quietly humming that 'Brother Louie' tune "

Accolades
For the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards, the series received nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Louis C K  for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, and Pamela Adlon for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series  C K  also received nominations for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series for "Bobby's House" and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for "Sleepover"  For the 22nd Screen Actors Guild Awards, Louie C K  was nominated for Best Comedy Actor  For the 68th Directors Guild of America Awards, Louis C K  was nominated for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series for "Sleepover" 
Passage 6:
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is an American sitcom created by Tina Fey and Robert Carlock, starring Ellie Kemper in the title role  It premiered on March 6, 2015 on Netflix and ran for four seasons, ending on January 25, 2019  An interactive special premiered on May 12, 2020 
The series follows 29-year-old Kimmy Schmidt (Kemper) as she adjusts to life after being rescued from a doomsday cult in the fictional town of Durnsville, Indiana, where she and three other women were held captive by Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne (Jon Hamm) for 15 years  Determined to be seen as something other than a victim and armed only with a positive attitude, she decides to restart her life by moving to New York City, where she quickly befriends her street-wise landlady Lillian Kaushtupper (Carol Kane), finds a roommate in struggling actor Titus Andromedon (Tituss Burgess), and gains a job as a nanny for melancholic and out-of-touch socialite Jacqueline Voorhees (Jane Krakowski) 
Throughout its run, the series received critical acclaim, with critic Scott Meslow calling it "the first great sitcom of the streaming era"  It received 20 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including four nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series and a nomination for Outstanding Television Movie for the 2020 special Kimmy vs  the Reverend 

Synopsis
Kimmy Schmidt (Ellie Kemper) was in eighth grade when she was kidnapped by Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne (Jon Hamm)  He held Kimmy and three other women captive for 15 years in an underground bunker and convinced them that a nuclear apocalypse had left them the sole survivors of humanity 
In the first season, the women are rescued, and go on to appear on the Today Show in New York City  After the show, Kimmy decides she doesn't want to return to Indiana or be seen as a victim, so she starts a new life in New York City  Roaming around the city, she comes across landlady Lillian Kaushtupper (Carol Kane), who offers Kimmy a chance to room with Titus Andromedon (Tituss Burgess) in her downstairs apartment  However, to get the apartment, Kimmy has to find a job  When she tries to get a job at a nearby candy store, she sees a boy stealing candy  She pursues him back to his home and encounters his mother, Jacqueline Voorhees (Jane Krakowski), a Manhattan trophy wife, who mistakes her for a nanny, and whom Kimmy mistakes as someone trapped in a cult  Jacqueline hires Kimmy as a nanny for her 10-year-old son  As Season 1 continues, Kimmy falls in love with Dong (Ki Hong Lee), a Vietnamese man from her G E D  class; goes to court to testify against the Reverend, and discovers how the world has changed in the 15 years she was held captive  
In the second season, Kimmy is sick of working for Jacqueline and gets a job at a year-round Christmas store and then as an Uber driver  She tries to get over Dong, who enters a green card marriage with another G E D  student and is eventually deported  As Kimmy tries to move on, so do Titus and Jacqueline, who both find boyfriends  Titus begins dating construction worker Mikey Politano (Mike Carlsen) and Jacqueline begins dating lawyer Russ Snyder (David Cross)  Jacqueline also goes back to her Native American heritage and decides to take down the Washington Redskins, who her boyfriend's father happens to own  Kimmy reunites with Gretchen and Cyndee to save them from joining another cult and getting married on television, respectively  When Season 2 ends, Titus leaves to be a performer on a cruise and Lillian protests the invasion of hipsters in her neighborhood, while Kimmy makes amends with her mother (Lisa Kudrow) after advice from her therapist (Tina Fey) before receiving a phone call from the Reverend in prison, telling her that they need to get a divorce 
In the third season, Kimmy proceeds with the divorce from the Reverend but hits a snag when she learns that a devoted fan (guest star Laura Dern) wants to marry him  After getting her G E D , Kimmy decides to go to college and ends up at Columbia University, where she is popular but fails academically  She forms a friendship with Perry (Daveed Diggs), a philosophy and religion transfer student who, like Kimmy, does not fit in with the rich, elitist Ivy League students  Titus returns from his stint on the cruise harboring a secret and, determined to come home to Mikey with money and a job, he auditions for Sesame Street  However, after the man auditioning Titus asks him to perform sexual acts on a puppet, Titus leaves and runs home to Mikey  However, Titus sees Mikey out with another man, and breaks up with him  Lillian is elected to the city council and attempts to block the construction of a supermarket chain for fear it will gentrify the neighborhood  She later starts a relationship with the owner of the chain (Peter Riegert)  Meanwhile, Jacqueline and Russ execute their plan to force his family to change the name of the Redskins and Titus makes it big with the single "Boobs in California"  At the end of season three, Titus vows to win Mikey back from his new boyfriend, Jacqueline finds a profession, and Kimmy lands a job at a tech start-up 
In the fourth and final season, Kimmy is working at Giztoob, the tech company started by a former classmate at Columbia, and Jacqueline is representing Titus as his agent  After acting in an anti-bullying performance for a middle school, Titus gets a job as director of the school play and, in an attempt to impress Mikey, pretends to write and star in a superhero television show called The Capist, starring Greg Kinnear  Meanwhile, Lillian's boyfriend Artie dies and she is put in charge of his adult daughter's trust  Kimmy reunites with Donna Maria, who is now a successful businesswoman  Outraged and inspired by men's rights activists, Kimmy writes a children's book that empowers girls and encourages boys to be kind; by the end of season four, Kimmy has found success as a children's author  Season 4 features two episodes that veer from the main plot  In the first, a standalone mockumentary episode, Jacqueline's former boy toy Doug, a k a  DJ Fingablast, creates a true crime documentary called Party Monster: Scratching the Surface, which sympathizes with the Reverend and paints Kimmy and the other Mole Women negatively  The second episode, "Sliding Van Doors", presents an alternate universe in which Kimmy is never kidnapped, Titus does not audition for The Lion King in 1998, Jacqueline does not marry Julian Voorhees, and Lillian runs a Latin street gang  The series concludes with each of the main four characters finding success and purpose in new ventures 

Episodes
Cast and characters
Main
Ellie Kemper as Kimberly "Kimmy" Cougar Schmidt, the titular character  Armed with only unflagging optimism,  a childlike sense of wonder and an eighth-grade education, she attempts to regain the life that was taken from her and navigate her way through the unfamiliar struggles of New York life 
Tituss Burgess as Titus Andromedon (born Ronald Wilkerson), Kimmy's gay, flamboyant roommate and an aspiring actor and singer  Melodramatic and self-absorbed, Titus nevertheless cares deeply for, and is very protective of Kimmy  Despite his talent and ego, he is plagued by self-doubt after years of rejection in the business  Titus hails from Chickasaw County, Mississippi, and moved to New York City in 1998 
Carol Kane as Lillian Kaushtupper, Kimmy and Titus' odd landlady  A proud born-and-bred New Yorker with a long, complex criminal history, she fights against the possible gentrification of her neighborhood (although it soon becomes clear that she hates any form of progress or technology)  Despite her willingness to do anything to make a buck, she has a very big heart and will go out of her way to help her tenants 
Jane Krakowski as Jacqueline White (formerly Voorhees; née Jackie Lynn White), a wealthy and insecure socialite who hires Kimmy as a nanny  Despite coming across as arrogant, condescending and out of touch, she is very fond of (and heavily reliant on) her new employee, who helps her gain perspective on her unhappy marriage  She is secretly of Lakota Native American descent and is passing for white  As the series progresses, she gradually reconnects with her family and her culture  She is the mother of Buckley Voorhees and the former step-mother of Xanthippe Lannister Voorhees  Her ex-husband is Julian Voorhees 

Recurring
Guest
Production
Development
The show was created by Tina Fey and Robert Carlock when NBC executives asked them to develop a show for Ellie Kemper  Fey said that they found an "innocence" about Kemper's face, but also noted a "strength" to it  One idea was for the show to center on Kemper's character waking up from a coma, but this idea was abandoned in favor of the cult-survivor storyline The show was initially under development for NBC under the title Tooken  NBC ultimately sold the series to Netflix  Fey said that this was in partly due to NBC's "not feeling confident about watching comedies"  Prior to the sale, NBC planned to air the series as either a mid-season replacement or as a summer series  It was sold to Netflix with a two-season order On June 13, 2017, it was renewed for a fourth and final season, with the first six episodes premiering on May 30, 2018  The second half was released on January 25, 2019  On May 8, 2019, it was announced that it would return with an interactive special, which premiered on May 12, 2020 

Casting
Casting announcements for the remaining roles were made in March 2014, with Tituss Burgess cast as Kimmy's roommate, Titus, and Carol Kane as Kimmy's and Titus's landlady, Lillian Shortly afterwards, Sara Chase was cast Cyndee, Kimmy's closest friend during their years in the cult; and Lauren Adams as Gretchen, a 10-year member of the cult who believes everything she is told  Jane Krakowski was later cast as Jacqueline Voorhees, a wealthy Manhattanite who hires Kimmy as a nanny  Megan Dodds was originally cast before Krakowski replaced her 

Music
The show's theme song, "Unbreakable", was produced by The Gregory Brothers and written by Jeff Richmond  It is a tribute to The Gregory Brothers' YouTube show Songify the News – auto-tuned news interviews that became popular videos  It specifically parodies the mannerisms of Antoine Dodson in the "Bed Intruder Song"  Richmond also wrote "Peeno Noir", a song performed by character Titus Andromedon during season 1, episode 6 

Artwork
Artwork for the show's opening sequence was produced by a team at Pentagram that included feminist artist Deva Pardue 

Home video releases
Reception
The show has been widely acclaimed by television critics, who have praised the writing and cast 

Season 1
On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 95%, based on 55 reviews, with an average rating of 7 5/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "Blessed with originality and a spot-on performance from Ellie Kemper, The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is as odd as it is hilarious " On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Scott Meslow of The Week called the series "the first great sitcom of the streaming era", praising its wit, edge, and feminist tone  Brian Moylan of The Guardian noted that it is "the sort of show that could benefit from multiple viewings, because the jokes are so packed in you’re sure to miss something while laughing " TV Guide named it the "best new comedy of 2015"  IGN reviewer Max Nicholson gave the first season an 8 3 out of 10 'Great' rating, saying "Tina Fey and Robert Carlock's Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is another winner in Netflix's original series catalog  Not only is it charming and funny, but it's unabashedly kooky, and Ellie Kemper nails the lead role "The first season was nominated for seven Primetime Emmy Awards 
Some reviewers have criticized the show's portrayal of Native Americans, with Vulture referring to a prominent Native American subplot as "offensive"  BuzzFeed wrote that the show has a "major race problem" and cited the lack of a plurality of portrayals of Native Americans as the main issue with the subplot, stating that "the way Native Americans are represented on this show matters  It's not one representation among a cornucopia of representations; it's the single mainstream representation in years " The Daily Beast stated that when it comes to race, “especially in its portrayal of a key Vietnamese character, the show leaves much to be desired ”In the wake of the controversy, Tina Fey responded: "I feel like we put so much effort into writing and crafting everything, they need to speak for themselves  There's a real culture of demanding apologies, and I'm opting out of that "

Season 2
On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season holds a 100% approval rating, based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 7 6/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "Not letting up in season two, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is still odd in the best of ways, wonderfully building on its unique comedy stylings and brilliantly funny cast " On Metacritic, the second season has a score of 82 out of 100, based on 16 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim" The second season was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards 
There was controversy surrounding the third episode from this season, “Kimmy Goes to a Play!,” which involved the use of yellow-face and the name of a group of Asian-Americans who were critical of yellow-face  The group is referred to as "Respectful Asian Portrayals in Entertainment", or "R A P E" for short  The Asian-Americans shown protesting against yellow-face in the episode are conveyed as unlikable buffoons  Anna Akana criticized the use of yellow-face and the R A P E  acronym during her 2016 Asians in Entertainment Key Note speech  Alex Abad-Santos wrote, “The odd thing about this episode is that it's another Tina Fey project that paints Asian people, specifically Asian women, as crappy characters  [   ] The plot feels like a pointed, ironic response to anyone who has criticized Fey's past projects for being lazy and racist ”

Season 3
On Rotten Tomatoes, the third season holds a 97% approval rating, based on 29 reviews, with an average rating of 8 11/10  The site's critical consensus states: "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt continues to thrive with a comically agile cast, notable guest stars, and a forceful influx of funny " On Metacritic, the third season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 12 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews" The third season was nominated for five Primetime Emmy Awards 

Season 4
On Rotten Tomatoes, the fourth season holds a 94% approval rating, based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 7 77/10  The site's critical consensus states: "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ends with a final season that's as topical as it is cheerily irreverent " On Metacritic, the fourth season has a score of 85 out of 100, based on 6 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim" The fourth season was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards 

Special
On Rotten Tomatoes, the Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs  the Reverend special has an approval rating of 94%, based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 7 81/10  The site's critical consensus reads: "Kimmy and company return as resilient as ever in a fun and fast paced special that makes excellent use of its interactive capabilities to produce maximum fabulosity "The special was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards 
Passage 7:
List of 30 Rock episodes
30 Rock is an American satirical television sitcom that was broadcast on NBC  Created by Tina Fey, the series follows the lives of the head writer of The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan (TGS), Liz Lemon (Tina Fey), the other staff members of TGS, and their network executive, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) 
30 Rock was a critical success, winning several major awards (including Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2007, 2008, and 2009), and achieving the top ranking on many critics' year-end best of 2006 and 2007 lists  On July 14, 2009, the series was nominated for 22 Primetime Emmy Awards, the most in a single year for a comedy series  Despite the acclaim, the series struggled in the ratings throughout its run  It broadcast a total of 138 episodes over seven seasons, from October 11, 2006, to January 31, 2013  In addition, a special episode premiered on July 16, 2020 

Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2006–07)
Season 2 (2007–08)
Season 3 (2008–09)
Season 4 (2009–10)
Season 5 (2010–11)
Season 6 (2012)
Season 7 (2012–13)
Special episode (2020)
Passage 8:
Cooter (30 Rock)
"Cooter" is the fifteenth and final episode of the second season of 30 Rock and the thirty-sixth episode of the series  It was written by series' creator Tina Fey and was directed by one of the season's producers, Don Scardino  The episode first aired on May 8, 2008, on the NBC network in the United States  "Cooter" follows Jack Donaghy's (Alec Baldwin) attempt to get fired from his new job in politics; Liz Lemon's (Fey) pregnancy scare and decision to adopt a baby; Tracy Jordan's (Tracy Morgan) creation of a pornographic video game; and Kenneth Parcell's (Jack McBrayer) aspiration to be an NBC page at the Beijing Olympics  The episode is an unofficial season finale, due to the season being shortened by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike 
"Cooter" received positive reviews from critics, and several considered it to be among the series' best episodes  Several critics noted that Liz had a pregnancy scare the same week that Fey's film Baby Mama was released, possibly used as cross promotion  The episode was watched by 5 61 million American viewers on its original broadcast, and was nominated for two awards, winning one 

Plot
Jack gets a job in politics as the "Homeland Security Director for Crisis and Weather Management"; however, it is not what he expected  When he learns that Don Geiss (Rip Torn), the CEO of General Electric, said "Jackie Boy" while in his coma, he schemes with another government employee, Cooter Burger (Matthew Broderick), to get fired after his letter of resignation is rejected  Jack also enlists the help of Celeste "C C " Cunningham (Edie Falco), his Congresswoman (D-VT) ex-girlfriend, to approve research into a "gay bomb"  Jack hopes that the bomb, an old Pentagon project that is expensive, inefficient and offensive to "both the red states and the gayer blue states", will ultimately result in their dismissal 
Meanwhile, Liz thinks she may be pregnant and is horrified when she discovers it is most likely the baby of her ex-boyfriend, Dennis Duffy (Dean Winters)  After several pregnancy tests, she tells a visiting Jack that the positive tests are a result of her eating "Sabor de Soledad" ("Taste of Loneliness" in Spanish) cheese puffs, which contain bull semen  Nevertheless, she tells Jack that she is ready to have a child and wants to adopt  Kenneth learns of an opportunity to be an NBC page at the Beijing Olympics, however, head page Donny Lawson (Paul Scheer) tries to make sure that he does not submit his essay on time  Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) helps him complete his essay, but Donny stalls Kenneth by forcing him to deliver paper  This begins a sequence which references several Summer Olympic events  Pete shoots Donny in the leg with an arrow (archery), dressed in his gear from when he was an Olympic archer  Kenneth then goes through a series of obstacles themed to different Summer Olympic events  He begins by running and jumping over a "Wet Floor" sign (low hurdles) and then an airplane chair prop carried by two men (high hurdles)  Kenneth next grabs a bamboo pole and runs with it, using it to push the button on the elevator before throwing it to another page (likely pole vault, but possibly javelin throw)  He then does a forward flip into the elevator, ending with him standing and saluting to the back and front of the elevator (gymnastics/floor routine)  Finally, Kenneth makes it to the 27th floor only to see his way blocked by workmen painting  As an executive opens the door to the NBC Olympic Headquarters, Kenneth spins and throws his application pack through the closing door (discus)  He finally runs forward a few feet to break the blue painter's tape and collapse victorious, then throws up (sprint)  Tracy's invention, the world's first pornographic video game, is nearly complete  He gives Frank, who has helped him, the prototype copy of the game 
The episode shows what happens three months later, in August 2008  Jack and Cooter present their "gay bomb" to the Pentagon, which works only in enclosed areas, making it useless in combat  However, Cooter accidentally breaks the vial, causing everybody in the room, including Vice President Dick Cheney, to "feel weird"  Frank emerges from his office after playing Tracy's game non-stop for three months, not realizing the amount of time that has passed  While in Beijing, Kenneth gets involved with a Chinese woman who wants his kidneys  The last point was said in Mandarin without subtitles, leaving the English-speaking audience unaware of Kenneth's trouble 
The conversation roughly translates as:
Lady: "Kenneth, I like you, because I am attracted to your two healthy kidneys "
Kenneth: "What?"
(Man breaks down the door with gun drawn)
Kenneth: "I had no idea!"
The conversation in Mandarin:
Lady: Kenneth, 我喜歡你，因為我看上了你那兩個健壯的腎。
Kenneth: 什麼？
(Man breaks down the door with gun drawn)
Kenneth: 真沒想到！

Production
The title of the episode is one of Fey's favorite words, which she used multiple times when she appeared as an anchor on the Saturday Night Live sketch Weekend Update  Fey explains that she likes the word because "it's one of the least graphic ways to describe the female genitals"  This episode marks the final appearance of Edie Falco, who was hired for a three-episode arc  Falco made her debut in the episode "Somebody to Love" as Celeste Cunningham, a Congresswoman and romantic interest of Jack's  She appeared in "Secrets and Lies", where James Carville helps the fledgling relationship  The pair breaks up in Episode 210, when they realize their careers prevent them from staying together  Falco said that she was "thrilled for the opportunity to work with such great comic actors", and expressed her enjoyment of watching the series  Fey was "thrilled to have such an amazing actress come join us", and joked that "a lot of guys on our crew want The Sopranos ending explained to them", in which Falco was a series star 

Reception
"Cooter" was watched by 5 6 million viewers, and received a 2 6 rating and 7 share in the 18–49 demographic  The 2 6 refers to 2 6% of all 18- to 49-year-olds in the U S , and the 7 refers to 7% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television in the U S  at the time of the broadcast  By comparison CBS's CSI was viewed by 17 82 million viewers, ABC's Grey's Anatomy received 15 60 million viewers, Fox's Don't Forget the Lyrics! received 6 22 million viewers, and The CW's Supernatural received 2 53 million viewers   The finale was watched by 206,000 more viewers than the previous episode Terry Morrow of the Knoxville News Sentinel said that, although 30 Rock is struggling to find viewers, this "tiny show   shines with absolute brilliance", and judged "Cooter" as one of its best episodes  He speculated that the lack of viewers might have been because the show had failed to create an emotional bond with its audience, despite its being "happy to be a very witty sitcom"   He felt the entire cast was "spot on", but singled out Jane Krakowski for her "scene-stealing" moments when she revealed the art of backhanded compliments  Verne Gay of Newsday praised Jenna's and Kenneth's storylines, and liked the cameo by Broderick, stating his "comic chops [were] on full display"  Robert Canning of IGN praised Kenneth's and Tracy's storylines, and described Tracy's voice-recording session for his porn video game as "thank-goodness-this-is-airing-later-than-8:30"   Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger felt that the "nearly-perfect" episode was marred by Kenneth's page-rivalry, which "didn't work"  Time called "Cooter" the eighth-best episode of 2008 Mark A  Perigard of the Boston Herald felt that "Cooter" was one of the best episodes of 30 Rock's shortened season, with something for everyone in the ensemble cast to do   He noted that Fey's character, Liz, has a pregnancy scare the same week that Fey's film, Baby Mama, was in theaters, asking "How much mama drama does Tina Fey think viewers want?" Bob Sassone of TV Squad originally thought the episode might have been secretly cross promoting Baby Mama, but ultimately decided against this judgment  Jeff Labrecque of Entertainment Weekly was disappointed that Liz was not actually pregnant, and hoped that her former boyfriend, Dennis, would continue to reappear in the next season  Oscar Dahl of BuddyTV speculated that the episode may have been hinting at Alec Baldwin's real-life political plans  (He was considering running for office )The episode was nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards, winning one  Tina Fey won for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, and Ken Eluto was nominated for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series 
Passage 9:
Louie (season 4)
The fourth season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on May 5, 2014, and concluded on June 16, 2014  It consists of fourteen episodes (an additional episode more than previous seasons), most running approximately 23 minutes in length  FX broadcast the fourth season on Mondays at 10:00 and 10:30 pm in the United States with back-to-back episodes  The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C K , Dave Becky and M  Blair Breard 
Louie was created, written and directed by Louis C K , who stars as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City  The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances 

Production
FX announced in July 2012 that it had renewed Louie for a fourth season to consist of 13 episodes, and was later confirmed in October 2012 that the season would be delayed from airing in summer 2013 to May 2014, to give more time for Louie C K  to develop the season  C K  said, "I want season four to go somewhere new   I'm looking back to when I did the first season and the time I took to do the show and decide which directions to go in and I want that back again  I want a little breathing room " In March 2014, FX announced the season would premiere on May 5, 2014, moving to Mondays and would air back-to-back episodes for seven consecutive weeks, containing an additional fourteenth episode  C K  said that the fourth season would include a multi-part, connected storyline after the third episode C K  collaborated with comedian Steven Wright (who previously guest starred on the series as himself) on some of the scripts for the fourth season, and Wright is credited as a consulting producer for the season  According to guest star Jeremy Renner, Philip Seymour Hoffman was supposed to appear in an episode this season, however, Hoffman died in February 2014  Episodes 11 and 12, "In the Woods" have an extended run time of an hour and a half (with commercials) 

Cast
Main cast
Louis C K  as Louie

Recurring cast
Guest stars
Episodes
Reception
Reviews
The fourth season of Louie received universal acclaim from critics, receiving a Metacritic score of 93 out of 100, based on 28 reviews  Robert Llyod of the Los Angeles Times wrote that  "Each [episode] stands on its own as a TV art film, an independent work of short fiction " Andrew Romano of The Daily Beast wrote that "Season 4 is just as brilliant as the seasons that preceded it " On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 93% with an average score of 8 9 out of 10 based on 43 reviews  The website's critical consensus reads, "Thanks to Louis C K 's unique brand of awkward, brutally honest humor, Louie remains one of the best written and most relatable comedies on television "

Ratings
The season 4 premiere received 941,000 total viewers, a 19 percent boost over last season's average 

Accolades
For the 30th TCA Awards, Louie won for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy and Louis C K  received a nomination for Individual Achievement in Comedy  For the 4th Critics' Choice Television Awards, Louie received nominations for Best Comedy Series, C K  for Best Actor in a Comedy Series, and Sarah Baker for Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series  For the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, the series was nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series, and Louie C K  was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for the episode "Elevator, Part 6", and won for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series for the episode "So Did the Fat Lady"  For the 67th Writers Guild of America Awards, the series won for Best Comedy Series and C K  won for Best Episodic Comedy for "So Did the Fat Lady"  For the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards, C K  was nominated for Best Comedy Actor  For the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, C K  was nominated for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy  For the 67th Directors Guild of America Awards, C K  was nominated for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series for the episode "Elevator Part 6" 

Broadcast
The season premiered on OSN First Comedy HD in the Middle East on September 4, 2014 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Sven Nys
Sven Nys (Dutch: [ˌsfɛˈnɛis]; born 17 June 1976) is a former professional cyclist competing in cyclo-cross and mountain bike  With two world championships, seven world cups, and over 140 competitive victories, he is considered one of the best cyclo-cross racers of his generation, and remains a prominent figure in cyclo-cross  Apart from cyclo-cross, Nys is also fivefold national mountainbike champion, and has competed in that discipline in two Olympic games 

Career overview
Early years
Born in Bonheiden, Belgium, Nys began racing BMX at the age of 8  He won eight BMX national titles before switching to cyclocross, a more popular sport in Belgium  He won the under-23 world championship in 1997 and 1998, beating another Belgian, Bart Wellens  Nys moved to the elite category in 1998–1999, joining the Dutch Rabobank team 

Becoming elite
In the elite class he won the Superprestige competition and came third in the national championships  The next season, he won the Superprestige again, ended the World Cup as leader and became Belgian champion  This made him favourite for the 2000 world championship  But his Rabobank management told him not to beat his teammate, the Dutchman Richard Groenendaal  Groenendaal sprinted away from the start and Nys was forced to hold back and not help another Belgian, Mario De Clercq, chase him  Groenendaal won and Nys, who came third, was criticised in Belgium for choosing team over country  The Royal Belgian Cycling League demanded an explanation  It became more forgiving but the head coach, Erik De Vlaeminck, remained unconvinced Nys blamed an injury for not winning a season-long competition or championship in 2000–2001  A year later he won the World Cup and the Superprestige again  In the world championships that year he came third after being outsprinted by De Clercq and Tom Vannoppen  The following season Nys won the Superprestige for the fourth time as well as the Gazet van Antwerpen trophy for a first time  He became Belgian champion again, but Wellens won the world championship and the World Cup 
Wellens dominated 2003–2004  Nys' chance for the World Cup ended when other Belgians sprinted past him, taking points  Nys was angry that his countrymen had allowed Groenendaal, a Dutchman, to win the World Cup rather than him  That evening Nys decided from then on to ride for himself 

This is war  Thanks Vannoppen, thanks Van der Linden  This is the last thing I have done for the Belgian team  They can all go to hell  [   ] Apparently there are some who take joy out of me not winning the World Cup  I know who and will take that into account next year  National team coach Rudy De Bie told me that he has never seen anything like this before  Our country loses the World Cup today 

The cannibal
Nys won everything of importance and at the end of 2004–2005 won the national and world championships, ended number one in the UCI rankings and World Cup, the Superprestige and the Gazet van Antwerpen Trophy  He is the only cyclo-crosser to achieve such dominance  Nys came close to repeating the feat the following season but he gave up in the world championship after a fall on the last lap 
Nys won all eight Superprestige races in 2006–2007  In the Superprestige he won 13 races from Hoogstraten in 2005 to Asper Gaver in 2007  That season he won the World Cup and the Gazet van Antwerpen trophy again, but neither the national or world championship  The national involved a lot of running, not Nys' talent, and were won by Wellens  At the world championship in Hooglede-Gits Nys fell three times: over Wellens, who fell because a television motor had hit one of the road markers; over Erwin Vervecken; and because of an error of his own  He finished 11th 
The following season, Nys won the World Cup, the Superprestige and the Gazet van Anterwerpen trophy again  He also won his fifth national championship  The Dutchman Lars Boom became champion of the world and Zdeněk Štybar took the silver, both barely 22 at the time  Nys, already nearing 32, came third 

Nys switched teams from Rabobank to Landbouwkrediet-Tönissteiner  Niels Albert, 2008's U23 world champion, joined the elite category that season, giving Nys another opponent  But Nys won all the season-long competitions and the national championship  Albert won the world championship, Štybar was second and Nys third  The Belgian press referred to Albert, Štybar and Nys as De Grote Drie (The Big Three), it was clear that Nys' years of absolute domination were behind him 
In his second mountain bike race Nys won the Belgian championship and then came ninth at the Olympic Games in 2008  On 31 December 2006 Nys won his 150th race with the elites, at Diegem  Four years later, he scored his 300th career win at the Koppenbergcross, one of the toughest races in the season 
Nys was appointed as a member of the inaugural UCI Athletes' Commission in 2011 In 2013 Nys won the world championship a second time  He said his career was now complete On 10 February 2013, Nys won his 60th race in the Superprestige On 22 November 2015, Nys won the Koksijde round of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup in Belgium, his fiftieth victory in the series  His win came seventeen years and a day after his first World Cup victory Sven Nys called a halt to his career on 5–6 March 2016 at an event called "Merci Sven" which was held at the Antwerp Sportpaleis (Belgium) 

Post cycling career
After ending his active cyclocross career Nys bought the cyclocross team Telenet–Fidea Lions of which he is the general manager  He is also a motivational speaker, during his keynotes he shares information about his experiences during his cycling career 

Major results
Cyclo-cross
Major championship results
UCI World Cup results
Superprestige
BPost Bank Trophy
Up until the season 2011–2012, this competition was called the Gazet van Antwerpen Trophy (GvA) 

Mountain Bike
Road
Passage 2:
Anton Villatoro
Anton Villatoro (born June 10, 1970 in Guatemala City, Guatemala) is a Guatemalan former professional cyclist  He attended the University of Colorado, where he raced with future US Postal teammate Tyler Hamilton  Villatoro won the 1991 Junior Tour of Guatemala, a gold medal at the 1994 Central American Games (team time trial) and placed fourth at the 1995 Pan American Games (time trial)  In 1996, he represented Guatemala at the Olympic Games in Atlanta 
He raced for the US Postal Service Cycling Team from 1996–1998 and then served as team captain for Team 7-UP from 1999 to 2000 
He retired in 2001 to pursue business interests 
Passage 3:
Jennifer Parilla
Jennifer Parilla (born January 9, 1981) is an American trampolinist who was born in Newport Beach, California   She was the first and only American to qualify to the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney as a trampolinist when the sport debuted; and finished in 9th place   She competed for the US at the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics 
She was on the national team for eleven years from 1993 to 2004; her favorite event was trampoline but she also competed successfully on the double mini  She was the National Champion in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, and 2004 on the trampoline, and on the double mini in 1998 and 1999   She earned national titles in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1998 in synchronized trampoline, bringing her total national title count to twelve She was inducted into the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2010 

Personal life
Jennifer's hometown is Lake Forest, California but she now resides in Newport Beach  She trained with Team Everybody gymnastics club and was coached by Lionel Rangel  Jennifer attended Orange Coast College and California State Polytechnic University in Pomona 
Jennifer is one of two children to Paul and Jan Parilla; she has an older brother named Steve   She is currently the Trampoline and Tumbling Director at National Gymnastics Training Center in Aliso Viejo, California 

International competition
2003 World Championships, Hannover, GER; 16th-Trampoline
2003 World Cup, Prague, CZE; 4th-Trampoline
2003 World Cup, Ostend, BEL; 18th-Trampoline
2003 Canada Cup, Oakville, O N , CAN; 8th-Trampoline
2002 World Cup, Mykolayiv, UKR; 11th – Trampoline
2001 World Championships, Odense, DEN; 19th – Trampoline
2000 Summer Olympics, Sydney, AUS; 9th-Trampoline
2000 World Cup, Sydney, AUS; 6th – Trampoline (4th vs  Olympic Field)
2000 Olympic Test Event, Sydney, AUS; 6th – Trampoline (4th vs  Olympic Field)
1999 Olympic Selection; 9th – Trampoline
1999 World Championships, Sun City, RSA; 7th – Synchro, 17th – Trampoline
1999 French Nationals, Toulouse, FRA; 1st – Synchro
1998 World Championships, Sydney, AUS; 2nd – Double Mini, 3rd – Team Double Mini
1997 Trampoline World cup final, Frankfurt, GER; 5th – Trampoline
1997 Indo-Pacific Championships, Durban, RSA; 3rd – Double mini
1997 Trampoline World Cup Final, Sydney, AUS; 4th – Trampoline
1996 Trampoline World Cup, Frankfurt, GER; 2nd Trampoline
1996 World Championships, Vancouver, CAN; 6th – Synchro, 7th – Trampoline
1995 Trampoline World Cup, Vancouver, CAN; 7th – Trampoline
1994 World Championships, Porto, POR; 1st – Team Double Mini
1994 World Age Group Games, Vila De Conde, POR; 1st - Trampoline 2nd – Double Mini

National Competition
2004 U S  Olympic Team Trials, San Jose, Calif ; 1st - Trampoline
2004 Visa U S  Championships, Nashville, Tenn ; 1st - Trampoline
2003 U S  Championships, Sacramento, Calif ; 1st – Trampoline
2003 Winter Classic, Tampa, Fla ; 2nd - Trampoline
2002 National Championships, Cleveland, Ohio; 1st – Trampoline
2002 U S  Elite Challenge, Indianapolis, Ind ; 1st – Trampoline
2002 Winter Classic, Indianapolis, Ind ; 4th – Trampoline
2001 National Championships, San Antonio, Texas; 11th - Trampoline
2000 National Championships, St  Louis, Mo ; 1st – Trampoline
1999 U S  World Team Trials, Sacramento, Calif ; 1st – Trampoline, 1st – Synchro - 2nd Double Mini
1999 U S  World Team Trials, Knoxville, Tenn ; 1st – trampoline, 1st – Double Mini, 1st - Synchro
1999 National Championships, Anaheim, Calif  ; 1st – Double Mini
1998 National Championships, St  Paul, Minn ; 1st – Trampoline, 1st – Syncro, 1st – Double Mini
1996 National Championships, Phoenix Ariz ; 1st – Synchro, 3rd – Trampoline
1995 National Championships, Denver, Colo ; 1st – Synchro, 2nd – Trampoline, 3rd – Double Mini
1994 National Championships, Nashville, Tenn ; 1st - Synchro, 4th – Double Mini
1993 National Championships; San Diego, Calif ; 1st - Synchro
Passage 4:
Kurt Betschart
Kurt Betschart born 25 August 1968 in Erstfeld Switzerland is a former professional cyclist  He was a Six Day Track specialist holding a world record 37 victories with the same partner, Bruno Risi  He had a total of 47 professional victories and represented Switzerland at the Olympic games  After sixteen years in professional cycling Kurt retired on 26 July 2006 

Olympic Games
2000 Summer Olympics - Sydney
11th, Men's Madison (Track cycling)

Palmares
Passage 5:
Eddy Schepers
Eddy Schepers (born 12 December 1955) is a Belgian former professional cyclist  He was a professional cyclist from 1978 to 1990 where he rode for many teams including C&A, Carrera and Fagor–MBK  He started out in the C&A cycling team of Belgian Eddy Merckx before riding for various teams  He competed in the individual road race event at the 1976 Summer Olympics In 1986 he rode alongside Irish cyclist Stephen Roche for the first time in the Carrera cycling team and he became a loyal teammate of Roche that year  During the following year, Schepers was instrumental in Roche winning the 1987 Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France in supporting him on the road and also against the rest of the team who wanted the Italian Roberto Visentini to win the Giro d'Italia  On the fifth stage of the 1987 Giro d'Italia, Schepers let his breakaway companion Jean-Claude Bagot take the stage win in exchange for team support from Bagot's Fagor team if it was called upon in the future  In spite of working for Roche in the Giro d'Italia, Schepers still managed to place 12th in the general classification  Again in the 1987 edition of the Tour de France, Schepers provided Roche with crucial support while the rest of the team did not  Afterwards Schepers went with Roche to the Fagor team but with Roche past his peak due to chronic knee injury, their association stopped  Schepers spent his last year in the peloton riding for the Belgian team Tulip Computers 
His career victories include the overall of the Tour de l'Avenir stage race in 1977 and the first stage of the 1985 Tour de Romandie 

Major results
Passage 6:
2000 Summer Olympics
The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and also known as Sydney 2000 (Dharug: Gadigal 2000), the Millennium Olympic Games or the Games of the New Millennium, was an international multi-sport event held from 15 September to 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia  It marked the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia, and in the Southern Hemisphere, the first being in Melbourne, in 1956 
Sydney was selected as the host city for the 2000 Games in 1993  Teams from 199 countries participated in the 2000 Games, which were the first to feature at least 300 events in its official sports programme  The Games' cost was estimated to be A$6 6 billion  These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch before the arrival of his successor Jacques Rogge  The 2000 Games were the last of the two consecutive Summer Olympics to be held in a predominantly English-speaking country following the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States 
The final medal tally at the 2000 Summer Olympics was led by the United States, followed by Russia and China with host Australia at fourth place overall  Cameroon, Colombia, Latvia, Mozambique and Slovenia won a gold medal for the first time in their Olympic histories, while Barbados, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam won their first ever Olympic medals  Australia will host the Summer Olympics again in 2032 at Brisbane, Queensland making it the first Oceanian country to host the Olympics three times 
The 2000 Games received universal acclaim, with the organisation, volunteers, sportsmanship, and Australian public being lauded in the international media  Bill Bryson of The Times called the Sydney Games "one of the most successful events on the world stage", saying that they "couldn't be better"  James Mossop of the Electronic Telegraph called the Games "such a success that any city considering bidding for future Olympics must be wondering how it can reach the standards set by Sydney", while Jack Todd of the Montreal Gazette suggested that the "IOC should quit while it's ahead  Admit there can never be a better Olympic Games, and be done with it," as "Sydney was both exceptional and the best"  These games would provide the inspiration for London's winning bid for the 2012 Olympic Games in 2005; in preparing for the 2012 Games, Lord Coe declared the 2000 Games the "benchmark for the spirit of the Games, unquestionably", admitting that the London organising committee "attempted in a number of ways to emulate what the Sydney Organising Committee did "

Host city selection
Sydney won the right to host the Games on 24 September 1993, after being selected over Beijing, Berlin, Istanbul and Manchester in four rounds of voting, at the 101st IOC Session in Monte Carlo, Monaco  The Australian city of Melbourne who also hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics had lost out to Atlanta for the 1996 Summer Olympics three years earlier  Beijing would later be selected to host the 2008 Summer Olympics eight years later on 13 July 2001 and the 2022 Winter Olympics twenty-two years later on 31 July 2015  Beijing's loss to Sydney was seen as a "significant blow" to an "urgent political priority" of the Chinese Communist Party leadership having mounted the most intense and expensive candidacy campaign at the date so far(this include the Summer and Winter Games)  Although it is unknown as two members of the International Olympic Committee voted for Sydney over Beijing in 1993, it appears that an important role was played by Human Rights Watch's campaign to "stop Beijing" because of China's human rights record and international isolation following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests  Many in China were angry at what they saw as U S -led interference in the vote, and the outcome contributed to rising anti-Western sentiment in China and a new phase at the tensions in Sino-American relations 

Costs
The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 estimates the outturn cost of the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics at US$5 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 90% in real terms  This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organising committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e g , expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e g , the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast centre, and media and press centre, which are required to host the Games  Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games  The cost for Sydney 2000 compares with a cost of US$4 6 billion for Rio 2016, US$40–44 billion for Beijing 2008 and US$51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympics in history  The average cost for the Summer Games since 1960 is US$5 2 billion, average cost overrun is 176% 
In 2000, the Auditor-General of New South Wales reported that the Sydney Games cost A$6 6 billion, with a net cost to the public between A$1 7 and A$2 4 billion  In the years leading up to the games, funds were shifted from education and health programs to cover Olympic expenses It has been estimated that the economic impact of the 2000 Olympics was that A$2 1 billion has been shaved from public consumption  Economic growth was not stimulated to a net benefit and in the years after 2000, foreign tourism to NSW grew by less than tourism to Australia as a whole  A "multiplier" effect on broader economic development was not realised, as a simple "multiplier" analysis fails to capture is that resources have to be redirected from elsewhere: the building of a stadium is at the expense of other public works such as extensions to hospitals  Building sporting venues does not add to the aggregate stock of productive capital in the years following the Games: "Equestrian centres, softball compounds and man-made rapids are not particularly useful beyond their immediate function "Many venues that were constructed in Sydney Olympic Park failed financially in the years immediately following the Olympics to meet the expected bookings to meet upkeep expenses  It was only the 2003 Rugby World Cup which reconnected the park back to citizens  In recent years, infrastructure costs for some facilities have been of growing concern to the NSW Government, especially facilities in Western Sydney  Proposed metro and light rail links from Olympic Park to Parramatta have been estimated to cost in the same order of magnitude as the public expenditure on the games  Stadium Australia had been considered for demolition in 2017 by then NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian, citing that the stadium was "built for an Olympics" but not for modern spectators  The plan was scrapped in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic  The Dunc Gray Velodrome has also struggled to keep up its $500,000 per year maintenance costs, although it is still used for track cycling events 

Chronological summary of the 2000 Summer Olympics
Preliminary matches
Although the Opening Ceremony was not scheduled until 15 September, the football competitions began with preliminary matches on 13 September  Among the pre-ceremony fixtures, host nation Australia lost 1–0 to Italy at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, which was the main stadium for the 1956 Melbourne Olympics 

Day 1: 15 September
Cultural display highlights
The opening ceremony began with a tribute to the Australian pastoral heritage of the Australian stockmen and the importance of the stock horse in Australia's heritage  It was produced and filmed by the Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation and the home nation broadcaster Channel 7  This was introduced by lone rider Steve Jefferys and his rearing Australian Stock Horse Ammo  At the cracking of Jefferys' stockwhip, a further 120 riders entered the stadium, their stock horses performing intricate steps, including forming the five Olympic Rings, to a special Olympics version of the theme, which Bruce Rowland had previously composed for the 1982 film The Man from Snowy River 
The Australian National Anthem was sung, the first verse by Human Nature and the second by Julie Anthony 
The ceremony continued, showing many aspects of the land and its people: the affinity of the mainly coastal-dwelling Australians with the sea that surrounds the "Island Continent"  The indigenous occupation of the land, the coming of the First Fleet, the continued immigration from many nations and the rural industry on which the economy of the nation was built, including a display representing the harshness of rural life based on the paintings of Sir Sidney Nolan  Two memorable scenes were the representation of the "Heart" of the country by 200 Aboriginal women from Central Australia who danced up "the mighty spirit of God to protect the Games" and the overwhelmingly noisy representation of the construction industry by hundreds of tap-dancing teenagers 
Because Bibi Salisachs (the wife of IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch) was seriously ill and unable to accompany her husband to the Olympics, Dawn Fraser, former Australian Olympic Champion swimmer and member of the Parliament of New South Wales, accompanied Samaranch during the Australian cultural display, explaining to him some of the cultural references that are unfamiliar to non-Australians
Context 3: Passage 1:
SHV connector
The SHV (safe high voltage) connector is a type of RF connector used for terminating a coaxial cable  
The connector uses a bayonet mount similar to those of the BNC and MHV connectors, but is easily distinguished due to its very thick and protruding insulator  This insulation geometry makes SHV connectors safer for handling high voltage than MHV connectors, by preventing accidental contact with the live conductor in an unmated connector or plug  The connector is also designed such that when it is being disconnected from a plug, the high voltage contact is broken before the ground contact, to prevent accidental shocks  The connector is also designed to prevent users from forcing a high voltage connector into a low voltage plug or vice versa (as can happen with MHV and BNC connectors), by reversing the gender compared to BNC 
Details of the connector comprising dimensions of the mating parts, voltage rating, minimum insulation requirements and more are specified by the IEC document 60498 SHV connectors are used in laboratory settings for voltages and currents beyond the capacity of BNC and MHV connectors  Standard SHV connectors are rated for 5000 volts DC and 5 amperes, although higher-voltage versions (to 20 kV) are also available 
Passage 2:
U-229
The U-229 is a cable connector currently used by the U S  military for audio connections to field radios, typically for connecting a handset  There are five-pin and six-pin versions, the sixth pin version using the extra pin to power accessories  This type of connector is also used by the National Security Agency to load cryptographic keys into encryption equipment from a fill device 
It is specified by the detail specification MIL-DTL-55116D  

External links
U-229 pin-outs and information
MIL-DTL-55116 military specification
Compilation of military radio related standards
Passage 3:
Multicable
In stage lighting, a multicable (otherwise known as multi-core cable or mult) is a type of heavy-duty electrical cable used in theaters to power lights  The basic construction involves a bundle of individual conductors surrounded by a single outer jacket  Whereas single cables only have three conductors, multicable has ten or more  They are configured to run in six or eight-circuit varieties  Typically, both ends of multicable have a specific connector known as a Socapex Connector  Technicians then combine the cables with break-outs and break-ins, which essentially are an octopus-like adapter with one Socapex end and six to eight Edison, twist-lok, or stage pin style connectors 

Use
Multicable is used when technicians need to mount lights where no permanent circuiting options exist  Typically, mounting pipes designed for lighting use have enclosed raceways with permanent power outlets, running to a remote dimmer unit somewhere in the theater  When such options are not available, technicians have to run cable to these positions instead  Originally, it had to be done with cable bundles, running single extension cords long distances and tying or taping them into groups, or just running cable in a disorganized mess 
Instead, several circuits can be run in a single cable, using multicables  These are used most often in theaters without on-stage raceways or in systems with portable dimming racks, which are not wired into the building  Multicable is a quick, organized way of getting a large amount of circuits away from the dimmers to the lights 

Advantages
Viewed in comparison to six individual extension cords, multicable is a neater and more organized alternative  There are fewer connectors, and the multis are labeled one to six on their adapters so technicians always know which circuit they're working on 

Disadvantages
Running multicable from source to light is particularly strenuous  Compared to running six cables one by one, multicable is much heavier  Also, because of the large amount of copper in the cable, they have very bad memory- an effect where cables will try to curl and twist in attempt to return to its original coiled state  This makes packing multicable back into coils also tricky 
Passage 4:
Camlock (electrical)
A camlock or cam-lock is an interchangeable electrical connector, often used in temporary electrical power production and distribution, predominantly in North America  Originally a trade name as Cam-Lok, it is now a generic term   Each camlock connector carries a single phase, pole, or conductor; multiple camlock connectors will be used to make a complete electrical supply or circuit 
The most common form is the 16 series, rated at 400 amperes with 105 °C terminations  Also in common use is the 15 series (mini-cam), rated at 150 amperes  A larger version is made denoted as the 17 series with ratings up to 760 A  A ball nose version and a longer nose standard version exist—the latter is the most common  The early version original connector was hot-vulcanized to the cable body; later versions use dimensional pressure to exclude foreign material from the connector pin area   The tail of the connector insulator body is trimmable to fit the cable outer diameter 
Another version is the Posi-Lok, which features keyed, shrouded connectors, and panels with sequencing interlocks Camlock is generally used where temporary connections of 3-phase and/or more than 50 A are needed   Applications include connecting large temporary generators or load banks to distribution panels or building disconnects   Common scenarios include testing, emergencies, temporary special events, and traveling stage shows with large lighting and sound equipment   They are usually found only in professional environments, where connections are performed by qualified personnel 

Color codes
Standards and industry conventions for phase and voltage exist, but may vary in practice, particularly when international companies and traveling productions are involved 

North America
The National Electric Code (NEC) only specifies colors for ground and neutral: Green for the equipment grounding (safety) conductor (NEC Article 250 119), and white or grey for the neutral (grounded) conductor (NEC Article 200 6)   These colors may not be used for any other purpose, nor may their purpose use a different color   No other colors are specified by the NEC for general power distribution 
Nonetheless, the following conventions exist:

United Kingdom
The UK system has two established camlock colour codes   The old and new colour codes are not compatible:  Black was originally used to indicate neutral, and is now a phase colour; blue was used to denote a phase, and is now used to denote neutral   As the use of camlocks in the UK has been declining, it is very unlikely to find any matching the new colour codes 

Gallery
Camlock power distribution
Passage 5:
Cable gland
A cable gland (more often known in the U S  as a cord grip, cable strain relief, cable connector or cable fitting) is a device designed to attach and secure the end of an electrical cable to the equipment  A cable gland provides strain-relief and connects by a means suitable for the type and description of cable for which it is designed—including provision for making electrical connection to the armour or braid and lead or aluminium sheath of the cable, if any  Cable glands may also be used for sealing cables passing through bulkheads or gland plates  Cable glands are mostly used for cables with diameters between 1 mm and 75 mm Cable glands are commonly defined as mechanical cable entry devices   They are used throughout a number of industries in conjunction with cable and wiring used in electrical instrumentation and automation systems  Cable glands may be used on all types of electrical power, control, instrumentation, data and telecommunications cables



ground_truth: Netflix

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Professional cyclist Sara Symington competed in which Olympic Games held in Sydeney, Australia?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Formal presentation
A record 199 nations entered the stadium, with a record 80 of them winning at least one medal  The only missing IOC member was Afghanistan, who was banned due to the extremist rule of the Taliban's oppression of women and its prohibition of sports  The ceremony featured a unified entrance by the athletes of North and South Korea, using a specially designed unification flag: a white background flag with a blue map of the Korean Peninsula  Four athletes from East Timor also marched in the parade of nations as individual Olympic athletes and marched directly before the host country  Although the country-to-be had no National Olympic Committee then, they were allowed to compete under the Olympic Flag with country code IOA  The Governor-General, Sir William Deane, opened the games 
The Olympic Flag was carried around the arena by eight former Australian Olympic champions: Bill Roycroft, Murray Rose, Liane Tooth, Gillian Rolton, Marjorie Jackson, Lorraine Crapp, Michael Wenden and Nick Green  During the raising of the Olympics Flag, the Olympic Hymn was sung by the Millennium Choir of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia in Greek  Following this, Tina Arena sang a purpose-written pop song, The Flame The opening ceremony concluded with the lighting of the Olympic Flame, which was brought into the stadium by former Australian Olympic champion Herb Elliott  Then, celebrating 100 years of women's participation in the Olympic Games, former Australian women Olympic medalists Betty Cuthbert and Raelene Boyle, Dawn Fraser, Shirley Strickland (later Shirley Strickland de la Hunty), Shane Gould and Debbie Flintoff-King brought the torch through the stadium, handing it over to Cathy Freeman, who lit the flame in the cauldron within a circle of fire  The  choice of Freeman, an Aboriginal woman, to light the flame was notable given the history of human rights abuses against Aboriginal people in Australia  Following her lighting, Freeman was the subject of racial abuse from some Australians  The planned spectacular climax to the ceremony was delayed by the technical glitch of a computer switch which malfunctioned, causing the sequence to shut down by giving a false reading  This meant that the Olympic flame was suspended in mid-air for about four minutes rather than immediately rising up a water-covered ramp to the top of the stadium  When the cause of the problem was discovered, the program was overridden and the cauldron continued its course, and the ceremony concluded with a fireworks display 

Day 2: 16 September
The first medals of the Games were awarded in the women's 10 metre air rifle competition, which was won by Nancy Johnson of the United States 
The Triathlon made its Olympic debut with the women's race  Set in the surroundings of the Sydney Opera House, Brigitte McMahon representing Switzerland swam, cycled and ran to the first gold medal in the sport, beating the favoured home athletes such as Michelie Jones who won silver  McMahon only passed Jones in sight of the finish line 
The first star of the Games was 17-year-old Australian Ian Thorpe, who first set a new world record in the 400-metre freestyle final before competing in an exciting 4 × 100 m freestyle final  Swimming the last leg, Thorpe passed the leading American team and arrived in a new world record time, two-tenths of a second ahead of the Americans  In the same event for women, the Americans also broke the world record, finishing ahead of the Netherlands and Sweden 
Samaranch had to leave for home, as his wife was severely ill  Upon arrival, his wife had already died  Samaranch returned to Sydney four days later  The Olympic flag was flown at half-staff during the period as a sign of respect to Samaranch's wife 

Day 3: 17 September
Canadian Simon Whitfield sprinted away in the last 100 metres of the men's triathlon, becoming the inaugural winner in the event 
On the cycling track, Robert Bartko beat fellow German Jens Lehmann in the individual pursuit, setting a new Olympic Record  Leontien Zijlaard-van Moorsel set a world record in the semi-finals the same event for women 
In the swimming pool, American Tom Dolan beat the world record in the 400-metre medley, successfully defending the title he won in Atlanta four years prior  Dutchwoman Inge de Bruijn also clocked a new world record, beating her own time in the 100 m butterfly final to win by more than a second 

Day 4: 18 September
The main event for the Australians on the fourth day of the Games was the 200 m freestyle  Dutchman Pieter van den Hoogenband had broken the world record in the semi-finals, taking it from the new Australian hero Ian Thorpe, who came close to the world record in his semi-final heat  As the final race finished, Van den Hoogenband's time was exactly the same as in the semi-finals, finishing ahead of Thorpe by half a second 
China won the gold medal in the men's team all-around gymnastics competition after being the runner-up in the previous two Olympics  The other medals were taken by Ukraine and Russia, respectively 
Zijlaard-van Moorsel lived up to the expectations set by her world record in cycling in the semis by winning the gold medal 

Day 7: 21 September
During the Women's Gymnastics All-Around, female athletes suffered damning scores and injuries due to improperly installed gymnastics equipment  Gymnasts performing on the vault gave uncharacteristically poor performances and fell  Officials blamed the series of falls and low scores on performance anxiety  It wasn't until Australian gymnast Allana Slater and her coach, Peggy Liddick, voiced concerns about the equipment that officials discovered the apparatus was five centimetres, or almost two inches, lower than it should've been  While athletes were given the opportunity to perform again, for some of them, the damage to their mental or physical health caused by the vault was irreparable  Chinese gymnast Kui Yuanyuan and American gymnast Kristen Maloney both injured their legs while attempting to stick their landings, with Kui needing to be carried to an examination area and Maloney damaging a titanium rod that had recently been implanted in her shin  Romanian gymnast Andreea Răducan ultimately took gold while her teammates, Simona Amânar and Maria Olaru took silver and bronze, respectively 

Day 9: 23 September
By rowing in the winning coxless four, Steve Redgrave of Great Britain became a member of a select group who had won gold medals at five consecutive Olympics 
The swimming 4 x 100-metre medley relay of B J  Bedford, Megan Quann (Jendrick), Jenny Thompson and Dara Torres became the first women's relay under 4-minutes, swimming 3:58 and setting a world record, claiming the gold medal for the United States 

Day 10: 24 September
Rulon Gardner, never an NCAA champion or a world medalist, beat Alexander Karelin of Russia to win gold in the super heavyweight class, Greco-Roman wrestling  Karelin had won gold in Seoul, Barcelona and Atlanta  Before this fight, he had never lost in international competition, had been unbeaten in all competitions in 13 years, and had not surrendered a point in a decade 

Day 11: 25 September
Australian Cathy Freeman won the 400-metre final in front of a jubilant Sydney crowd at the Olympic Stadium, ahead of Lorraine Graham of Jamaica and Katharine Merry of Great Britain  Freeman's win made her the first competitor in Olympic Games history to light the Olympic Flame and then go on to win a Gold Medal  The attendance at the stadium was 112,524 – the largest attendance for any sport in Olympic Games history 
In a men's basketball pool match between the United States and France, the USA's Vince Carter made one of the most famous dunks in basketball history  After getting the ball off a steal, the 6'6"/1 98 m Carter drove to the basket, with 7'2"/2 18 m centre Frédéric Weis in his way  Carter jumped, spread his legs in midair, scraped Weis' head on the way up, and dunked  The French media dubbed the feat le dunk de la mort ("the dunk of death") 

Day 14: 28 September
The Canadian flag at the athletes' village was lowered to half-mast as Canadian athletes paid tribute to the former prime minister Pierre Trudeau after hearing of his death in Montreal (because of the time zone difference, it was 29 September in Sydney when Trudeau died)  The Canadian flag was flown at half-mast for the remainder of the Olympics, on orders from both IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch and Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister Lloyd Axworthy, as the state funeral did not take place until 3 October, two days after the closing ceremony, and the Canadian athletes subsequently rushed back to attend his funeral after 1 October 

Day 16: 30 September
Cameroon won a historic gold medal over Spain in the Men's Olympic Football Final at the Olympic Stadium  The game went to a penalty shootout, which was won by Cameroon 5–3 

Day 17: 1 October
The last event of the games was the Men's Marathon, contested on a course that started in North Sydney  The event was won by Ethiopian Gezahegne Abera, with Kenyan Erick Wainaina second, and Tesfaye Tola, also of Ethiopia, third  It was the first time since the 1968 Olympics that an Ethiopian won the gold medal in this event 
The closing ceremony commenced with Christine Anu performing her version of the Warumpi Band's song "My Island Home", with several Aboriginal dancers atop the Geodome Stage in the middle of the stadium, around which several hundred umbrella and lamp box kids created an image of Aboriginal Dreamtime  The Geodome Stage was used throughout the ceremony, which was a flat stage mechanically raised into the shape of a Geode 
IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch declared at the Closing Ceremony,
"I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever "
Subsequent Summer Olympics held in Athens, Beijing and London have been described by Samaranch's successor Jacques Rogge as "unforgettable, dream Games", "truly exceptional" and "happy and glorious games" respectively – the practice of declaring games the "best ever" having been retired after the 2000 Games 

Sports
The 2000 Summer Olympic programme featured 300 events in the following 28 sports:

Although demonstration sports were abolished following the 1992 Summer Olympics, the Sydney Olympics featured wheelchair racing as exhibition events on the athletics schedule Special quarantine conditions were introduced to allow entry of horses into Australia to participate in equestrian events, avoiding the need for such events to take place elsewhere as had happened at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne 

Calendar
All dates are in AEDST (UTC+11); the other two cities, Adelaide uses ACST (UTC+9:30) and Brisbane uses AEST (UTC+10)

Medal count
These are the top ten nations that won medals in the 2000 Games 
The ranking in this table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee  Some other sources may be inconsistent due to not taking into account all later doping cases 

  *   Host nation (Australia)

Participating National Olympic Committees
199 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Sydney Games, two more than in the 1996 Summer Olympics; in addition, there were four Timorese Individual Olympic Athletes at the 2000 Summer Olympics  Eritrea, the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau made their Olympic debut this year 
Democratic Republic of the Congo was once again designated under that name, after it participated as Zaire from 1984 to 1996 
Afghanistan was the only 1996 participant (and the only existing NOC) that did not participate in the 2000 Olympics, having been banned due to the Taliban's totalitarian rule in Afghanistan, their oppression of women, and its prohibition of sports 

Venues
Sydney Olympic Park
Stadium Australia: Ceremonies (opening/closing), Athletics, Football (final)
Sydney International Aquatic Centre: Diving, Modern Pentathlon (swimming) Swimming, Synchronised Swimming, Water Polo (medal events)
State Sports Centre: Table Tennis, Taekwondo
NSW Tennis Centre: Tennis
State Hockey Centre: Field Hockey
The Dome and Exhibition Complex: Badminton, Basketball, Gymnastics (rhythmic), Handball (final), Modern Pentathlon (fencing, shooting), Volleyball (indoor)
Sydney SuperDome: Gymnastics (artistic, trampoline), Basketball (final)
Sydney Baseball Stadium: Baseball, Modern Pentathlon (riding, running)
Sydney International Archery Park: Archery

Sydney
Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre: Boxing, Fencing, Judo, Weightlifting, Wrestling
Sydney Entertainment Centre: Volleyball (indoor final)
Dunc Gray Velodrome: Cycling (track)
Sydney International Shooting Centre: Shooting
Sydney International Equestrian Centre: Equestrian
Sydney International Regatta Centre: Rowing, Canoeing (sprint)
Blacktown Olympic Centre: Baseball, Softball
Western Sydney Parklands: Cycling (mountain biking)
Ryde Aquatic Leisure Centre: Water Polo
Penrith Whitewater Stadium: Canoeing (slalom)
Bondi Beach: Volleyball (beach)
Sydney Football Stadium: Football
Olympic Sailing Shore Base: Sailing
Centennial Parklands: Cycling (road)
Marathon course: Athletics (marathon)
North Sydney: Athletics (marathon start)
Sydney Opera House: Triathlon 

Outside Sydney
Canberra Stadium, Canberra: Football
Hindmarsh Stadium, Adelaide: Football
Melbourne Cricket Ground: Football
The Gabba (Brisbane Cricket Ground), Brisbane: Football

Organization
Organisations responsible for the Olympics
A number of quasi-government bodies were responsible for the construction, organisation and execution of the Sydney Games  These included:

the Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG) and the Sydney Paralympic Organizing Committee (SPOC), primarily responsibles for the staging of the Games
Olympic Coordination Authority (OCA), primarily responsible for construction and oversight
Olympic Roads & Transport Authority (ORTA)
Olympic Security Command Centre (OSCC)
Olympic Intelligence Centre (OIC)
JTF Gold the Australian Defence Force Joint Taskforce Gold
Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation (nominally part of SOCOG)
IBM, provider of technology and the Technical Command Centre
Telstra, provider of telecommunications
Great Big Events, event management and marketingThese organisations worked closely together and with other bodies such as:

the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
the International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
the Australian Olympic Committee (AOC)
the Australian Paralympic Committee (APC)
the other 197 National Olympic Committees (NOCs)
the other 125 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs)
the 33 International Sports Federations (IFs)
all three levels of Australian government (federal, state and local)
dozens of official sponsor and hundreds of official supplier companiesThese bodies are often collectively referred to as the "Olympic Family" 

Organisation of the Paralympics
The organisation of the 2000 Summer Paralympics was the responsibility of the Sydney Paralympic Organising Committee (SPOC)  However, much of the planning and operation of the Paralympic Games was outsourced to SOCOG such that most operational programmes planned both the Olympic and Paralympic Games 

Other Olympic events
The organisation of the Games included not only the actual sporting events, but also the management (and sometimes construction) of the sporting venues and surrounding precincts, the organisation of the Sydney Olympic Arts Festival, and the Olympic torch relay, which began in Greece and travelled to Australia via numerous Oceania island nations 

Phases of the Olympic project
The staging of the Olympics were treated as a project on a vast scale, broken into several broad phases:

1993 to 1996 – positioning
1997 – going operational
1998 – procurement/venuisation
1999 – testing/refinement
2000 – implementation
2001 – post-implementation and wind-down

SOCOG organisational design
The internal organisation of SOCOG evolved over the phases of the project and changed, sometimes radically, several times 
In late 1998, the design was principally functional  The top two tiers below the CEO Sandy Hollway consisted of five groups (managed by Group General Managers and the Deputy CEO) and twenty divisions (managed by divisional General Managers), which in turn were further broken up into programmes and sub-programmes or projects 
In 1999, functional areas (FAs) broke up into geographic precinct and venue teams (managed by Precinct Managers and Venue Managers) with functional area staff reporting to both the FA manager and the venue manager  SOCOG moved to a matrix structure  The Interstate Football division extant in 1998 was the first of these geographically based venue teams 

Volunteer program
The origins of the volunteer program for Sydney 2000 dates back to the bid, as early as 1992 
On 17 December 1992, a group of Sydney citizens interested in the prospect of hosting the 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games gathered for a meeting at Sports House at Wentworth Park in Sydney 
In the period leading up to 1999, after Sydney had won the bid, the small group of volunteers grew from approximately 42 to around 500  These volunteers became known as Pioneer Volunteers  The Pioneer Volunteer program was managed internally by SOCOG's Volunteer Services Department in consultation with prominent peak groups like The Centre for Volunteering (Volunteering and TAFE  Some of the Pioneer Volunteers still meet every four months, an unseen legacy of the games which brought together a community spirit not seen before 
During the Olympic games, tens of thousands of volunteers (the official figure placed at 46,967) helped everywhere at the Olympic venues and elsewhere in the city  They were honoured with a parade like the athletes had a few days before 

Marketing
Official logo
The bid logo was introduced in 1992 and created by architect and designer Michael Bryce  It featured a colourful, stylised image of the Sydney Opera House which is a possible reference to the motif of the rainbow serpent  
The official logo was revealed in 1996, and is also referred to as the "Millennium Man"   It incorporated similar curves to the bid logo and combined them with a stylised image of a runner to form a torchbearer in motion  The image of the runner s composed of  two small yellow boomerangs for arms and a larger red boomerang for legs  Over the runner's head is a trail of smoke that represents the arches of the Sydney Opera House The design process of the official logo, as well as all other aspects of the Olympic Games' visual design identity, was awarded to Melbourne design studio FHA Image Design  The Sydney Olympics brand identity project officially started in 1993, and lasted 7 years  It was also up to FHA Design to prepare the visual identity of the Paralympic Games and this also absorbed some elements as the identification signals and the pictograms 

Mascots
The official mascots chosen for the 2000 Summer Olympics were Syd the platypus, Millie the echidna, and Olly the kookaburra, designed by Matthew Hattan and Jozef Szekeres and named by Philip Sheldon of agency Weekes Morris Osborn in response to the original SOCOG recommendation of Murray, Margery, and Dawn after famous Australian athletes 
There was also Fatso the Fat-Arsed Wombat, an unofficial mascot popularised by comedy team Roy Slaven and HG Nelson on the TV series The Dream with Roy and HG  Roy and HG also frequently disparaged the official mascots on their television program 

Sponsors
Medals and bouquets
A total of 750 gold, 750 silver and 780 bronze medals were minted for the Games  The gold and silver medals contained 99 99 percent of pure silver  The bronze medals were 99 percent bronze with one percent silver, they were made by melting down Australian one-cent and two-cent coins, which had been removed from circulation from 1992 onward 
The bouquets handed to medal recipients incorporated foliage from the Grevillea baileyana, also known as the white oak 

Awards and commendations
The International Olympic Committee awarded Sydney and its inhabitants with the "Pierre de Coubertin Trophy" in recognition of the collaboration and happiness shown by the people of Sydney during the event to all the athletes and visitors around the world After the games' end, the New South Wales Police Force was granted use of the Olympic Rings in a new commendation and citation as the IOC consideration after having staged the "safest" games ever 

Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards  They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016 

In popular culture
In F J  Campbell's 2018 novel No Number Nine, the last part of the book is set at the Sydney 2000 Olympics In Tom Clancy's thriller Rainbow Six and its video game adaptation, the 2000 Olympic Games are the setting of a plot by eco-terrorists, who plan to use the games in order to spread a terrible new plague throughout the world In Morris Gleitzman's children's book Toad Rage, a cane toad travels to Sydney in a bid to become the Olympic mascot The Games was a mockumentary television series run on the ABC network, with two seasons that ran in 1998 and 2000  The series satirized corruption and cronyism in the Olympic movement, bureaucratic ineptness in the New South Wales public service, and unethical behaviour within politics and the media  An unusual feature of the show was that the characters shared the same name as the actors who played them 

See also
2000 Summer Paralympics
Olympic Games celebrated in Australia
1956 Summer Olympics – Melbourne
2000 Summer Olympics – Sydney
2032 Summer Olympics – BrisbaneList of IOC country codes
The Games of the XXVII Olympiad 2000: Music from the Opening Ceremony
Aussie Aussie Aussie, Oi Oi Oi
John Coates
Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games – Sydney 2000

Notes
Passage 7:
List of Olympic Games host cities
This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games, both summer and winter, since the modern Olympics began in 1896  Since then, summer and winter games have usually celebrated a four-year period known as an Olympiad; summer and winter games normally held in staggered even years  There have been 29  Summer Olympic Games held in 21 cities, and 24 Winter Olympic Games held in 21 cities  In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916; Sapporo–Garmisch-Partenkirchen (winter) and Tokyo–Helsinki (summer) in 1940; and Cortina d'Ampezzo (winter) and London (summer) in 1944  The 1906 Intercalated Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens  However, in 1949, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games  The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were postponed for the first time in the Olympics history to summer 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic with the 2022 Winter Olympics being held roughly six months later in Beijing Four cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Paris for the 2024 Summer Olympics, Milan–Cortina d'Ampezzo for the 2026 Winter Olympics, Los Angeles for the 2028 Summer Olympics, and Brisbane for the 2032 Summer Olympics 
In 2022, Beijing became the first city that has held both the summer and the winter Olympic Games  Ten cities will have hosted the Olympic Games more than once: Athens (1896 and 2004 Summer Olympics), Paris (1900, 1924 and 2024 Summer Olympics), London (1908, 1948 and 2012 Summer Olympics), St  Moritz (1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics), Lake Placid (1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics), Los Angeles (1932, 1984 and 2028 Summer Olympics), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956 and 2026 Winter Olympics), Innsbruck (1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics), Tokyo (1964 and 2020 Summer Olympics) and Beijing (2008 Summer Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics)  Stockholm hosted the 1912 Summer Olympics and the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics  London became the first city to have hosted three Games with the 2012 Summer Olympics  Paris will become the second city to do this with the 2024 Summer Olympics, followed by Los Angeles as the third in 2028 
The Games have primarily been hosted in the regions of Europe (30 editions) and the Americas (13 editions); eight Games have been hosted in Asia and two have been hosted in Oceania  Rio de Janeiro became South America's first Olympic host city with the 2016 Summer Olympics  Africa has yet to host an Olympic Games  Other major geographic regions which have never hosted the Olympics include the Middle East, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the South Pacific, Central America and the Caribbean  Between the first Winter Olympics in 1924 and the last ones to be held in the same year as the Summer Olympics in 1992, the Summer and Winter games took place in the same country three times 
Host cities are selected by the IOC membership, usually seven years in advance  The selection process lasts approximately two years  In the first stage, any city in the world may submit an application to become a host city  After 10 months, the Executive Board of the IOC decides which applicant cities will become official candidates as based on the recommendation of a working group that reviews the applications  In a second stage, the candidate cities are investigated thoroughly by an Evaluation Commission, which then submits a final short list of cities to be considered for selection  The host city is then chosen by vote of the IOC session, a general meeting of IOC members 

Olympic Games host cities
Host cities for Summer and Winter Olympic Games
Key  †   Cancelled
  §   Postponed

The 1906 Intercalated Games are no longer officially recognized by the IOC as an official Olympic Games 

Host cities for multiple Summer and Winter Olympic Games
Number of Olympic Games by country
Number of Olympic Games by region
See also
List of bids for the Summer Olympics
List of bids for the Winter Olympics

Notes
Passage 8:
Jelle Nijdam
Jelle Nijdam (born 16 August 1963) is a Dutch former professional road cyclist  Nijdam turned professional after the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles  He participated in the Tour de France 10 times, winning six stages and wearing the yellow jersey for three days  Nijdam's father, Henk Nijdam, was a professional cyclist from 1962 to 1969, who won the 1962 world amateur track pursuit championship  He also competed in the individual pursuit and team pursuit events at the 1984 Summer Olympics 

Career achievements
Major results
Grand Tour general classification results timeline
See also
List of Dutch Olympic cyclists
List of Dutch cyclists who have led the Tour de France general classification
Passage 9:
Kuwait national under-23 football team
The Kuwait national under-23 football team is the youth association football team representing Kuwait in youth competitions and it is controlled by Kuwait Football Association  Kuwait under 23 Could also be called as Kuwait Olympic Team  Kuwait under 23 also represents its country in the Olympic Games  From 1900 to 1976 Kuwait did not qualify for the Olympic Games but in 1980 Kuwait qualified for the Olympic Games in China and had the best record of their country finishing in the quarter-finals of that Olympic games  Kuwait missed the 1984 and 1988 Olympic games  But in 1992 Kuwait finally qualified for the 1992 Olympic Games in Spain, however with their poor performance, Kuwait was eliminated in the first round of that tournament  After that Kuwait had missed the 1996 Olympic Games that was hosted by the United States, Kuwait then qualified for the 2000 Olympic Games in Australia and that was the last time Kuwait qualified for the Olympic Games  Kuwait has never won the GCC U-23 Championship but their best finish at that Competition was as a runner up in 2010  In the 2022 Asian U-23 qualification Cup Group D, Kuwait managed to defeat Bangladesh by 1-0 and Saudi Arabia by 2-1, this resulted in Kuwait to qualify for the 2022 Asian U-23 Cup 

Honours
Regional honours
GCC U-23 ChampionshipRunners-up (2): 2010, 2015

Minor
2018 Olympic Return Cup

History
Kuwait’s first-ever qualification to the Olympic games was in the 1980 Olympic Games which Kuwait were eliminated in the quarter-finals of that Olympic games  Kuwait missed the 1984 Olympic Games and the 1988 Olympic Games  Kuwait came back to the Olympic Games in 1992 after missing two events being eliminated in the quarter-final of that event  Kuwait did not qualify until the 2000 Olympic Games and that was the last time Kuwait qualified for the Olympic games  Kuwait did not qualify to the Olympic Games in 2004 after being eliminated in the qualifying Preliminary round 3 of the Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Qualifiers at the third position of the 3rd group  Kuwait was unqualified from Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Qualifier, with 2 being 4 goals less than Qatar due to that, Kuwait missed the 2008 Olympic Games  Kuwait also failed to participate in the 2012 Olympic Games after losing Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Qualifiers, within losing the first leg to Japan 3-1 but then Kuwait defeated Japan 2-1, Japan won on the aggregate 
Kuwait does not have a good record at GCC U-23 Championship after finishing 5th in the final group of the 2008 GCC U-23 Championship 
Kuwait was at the bottom of the table at that time  In 2010 Kuwait was the runner-up of their group  Kuwait was qualified for the semi-finals, Kuwait defeated Oman 5-4 on penalties  But lost to UAE  In the 2011 and 2012 GCC U-23 Championship, Kuwait was unfortunately eliminated in the first round with 0 points losing all three games 

Participation in Tournaments


=== Summer Olympics ===
Passage 10:
Sara Symington
Sara Symington (born 25 September 1969) is a female English former professional cyclist 

Cycling career
She was the first British female rider to take a medal in a World Cup race, which she achieved in Australia in 1999  She represented Great Britain at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics and England at the 1998 Commonwealth Games and 2002 Commonwealth Games  She also rode at the 1998, 1999, and 2000 UCI Road World Championships and on the track at the 2001 and 2002 UCI Track Cycling World Championships 

Personal life
Symington was born in Maracaibo, Venezuela, lived in Aylestone and she now lives in Nottingham  She had competed as a javelin thrower as a junior, and she was a member of the national triathlon team prior to becoming a full-time cyclist  Symington started her elite triathlon career whilst combining studying for a master's degree with a spell serving in the police, having previously graduated from Loughborough University with a degree in sports science 

Post cycling
Symington retired from competition after the 2004 Olympics: following this she worked in business for two years, before returning to the sports world through working as a performance advisor for UK Sport  She was subsequently appointed performance director of Archery GB in February 2009  In February 2015 England Netball announced that she would join them as their performance director the following month  In that role she helped the England national netball team to its first Commonwealth gold medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games  In August 2020 Symington was appointed by UK Athletics as their performance director  She left this role in October 2021 in order to take up an appointment as head of British Cycling's Olympic and Paralympic programmes 

Palmarès
Context 3:   They are used as a sealing and termination device to ensure that the characteristics of the enclosure which the cable enters can be maintained adequately  Cable glands are made of various plastics, and steel, brass or aluminum for industrial usage  Glands intended to resist dripping water or water pressure will include synthetic rubber or other types of elastomer seals   Certain types of cable glands may also serve to prevent entry of flammable gas into equipment enclosures, for electrical equipment in hazardous areas  
Although cable glands are often called "connectors", a technical distinction can be made in the terminology, which differentiates them from quick-disconnect, conducting electrical connectors  
For routing pre-terminated cables (cables with connectors), split cable glands can be used  These cable glands consist of three parts (two gland halves and a split sealing grommet) which are screwed with a hexagonal locknut (like normal cable glands)  Thus, pre-assembled cables can be routed without removing the plugs  Split cable glands can reach an ingress protection of up to IP66/IP68 and NEMA 4X 
Alternatively, split cable entry systems can be used (normally consisting of a hard frame and several sealing grommets) to route a large number of pre-terminated cables through one wall cut-out 
There are at least three types of thread standards used:

Panzergewinde (PG standard)
Metric thread
National Pipe Thread (inch system)

See also
Electrical connector
Pipe thread
Steel conduit thread
Feedthrough
Passage 6:
SR connector
An SR connector, or CP connector (from Russian: Соединитель Радиочастотный, radio frequency connector) is a type of Russian made RF connector for coaxial cables  Based on the American BNC connector, the SR connector differs slightly in dimensions due to discrepancies in imperial to metric conversion, though with some force they can still be mated  There are however types of SR connectors that do not resemble their American counterpart 
Most SR connectors are variants of SR-50 (50 Ω) or SR-75 (75 Ω) versions, with the SR-75 typically having a thinner center pin  They often resemble C connectors in shape, and have threaded inserts similar to N connectors  Further numerical suffixes denote specific kinds of connectors, for instance the CP 75-164 is a much larger high power connector, designed for upwards of 3000W, with a similar appearance to an N or UHF type  The various letters after the number refer to the dielectric material used 
Below is a breakdown of the various suffixes used in the order they would appear:

See also
BNC connector
RF connector
Passage 7:
Very-high-density cable interconnect
A very-high-density cable interconnect (VHDCI) is a 68-pin connector that was introduced in the SPI-2 document of SCSI-3  The VHDCI connector is a very small connector that allows placement of four wide SCSI connectors on the back of a single PCI card slot  Physically, it looks like a miniature Centronics type connector  It uses the regular 68-contact pin assignment  The male connector (plug) is used on the cable and the female connector ("receptacle") on the device 

Other uses
Apart from the standardized use with the SCSI interface, several vendors have also used VHDCI connectors for other types of interfaces:

Nvidia: for an external PCI Express 8-lane interconnect, and used in Quadro Plex VCS and in Quadro NVS 420 as a display port connector
ATI Technologies: on the FireMV 2400 to convey two DVI and two VGA signals on a single connector, and ganging two of these connectors side by side in order to allow the FireMV 2400 to be a low-profile quad display card  The Radeon X1950 XTX Crossfire Edition also used a pair of the connectors to grant more inter-card bandwidth than the PCI Express bus allowed at the time for Crossfire 
AMD: Some Visiontek variants of the Radeon HD 7750 use a VHDCI connector alongside a Mini DisplayPort to allow a 5 (breakout to 4 HDMI+1 mDP) display Eyefinity array on a low profile card  VisionTek also released a similar Radeon HD 5570, though it lacked a Mini DisplayPort 
Juniper Networks: for their 12- and 48-port 100BASE-TX PICs (physical interface cards)  The cable connects to the VHDCI connector on the PIC on one end, via an RJ-21 connector on the other end, to an RJ-45 patch panel 
Cisco: 3750 StackWise stacking cables
National Instruments: on their high-speed digital I/O cards [1]
AudioScience uses VHDCI to carry multiple analog balanced audio and digital AES/EBU audio streams, and clock and GPIO signals 

See also
SCSI connector
Passage 8:
C connector
The C connector is a type of RF connector used for terminating coaxial cable  The interface specifications for the C and many other connectors are referenced in MIL-STD-348  The connector uses  two-stud bayonet-type locks  The C connector was invented by Amphenol engineer Carl Concelman  It is weatherproof without being overly bulky  The mating arrangement is similar to that of the BNC connector  It can be used up to 11 GHz, and is rated for up to 1500 volts 

See also
USB-C (also called Type C connector)
Passage 9:
GR connector
The GR connector, officially the General Radio Type 874, was a type of RF connector used for connecting coaxial cable  Designed by Eduard Karplus, Harold M  Wilson and William R  Thurston at General Radio Corporation  It was widely used on General Radio's electronic test equipment and some Tektronix instruments from the 1950s to the 1970s The connector had several desirable properties:

Good control of the electrical impedance across a wide range of frequencies, therefore low reflection
Reliable mating
Hermaphrodism, so there were no "male" or "female" connectors; any GR connector could mate with any other GR connector This last characteristic was achieved by having both the inner and outer conductors made from four leaves, two of which were displaced slightly outwards and two of which were displaced slightly inwards  By rotating one connector by 90 degrees, its inner leaves would mate with the other connector's outer leaves and vice versa 
When frequently mated, the inner leaves were susceptible to breakage due to stubbing, flexing and fatigue cracking as the connector was pressed together and alignment was perfected 
In 1961, an optional locking mechanism consisting of an outer hex nut encasing a captured threaded barrel was added to the 874 line   It can be seen in the photograph of a GR-900 to GR-874 adapter,  The locking assembly is not captive and can be backed off the RF connector  The threaded barrel is supplied on each connector  The threaded barrel was withdrawn into the nut on one connector and extended on the other to allow the barrel to engage the nut of both mating connectors  This style of locking mechanism was continued in GR-874's thematic successors; the GR-900 precision 14 mm connector that retains a crenelated hermaphroditic mechanical anti-spin feature to protect the sexless RF interface from rotating and galling when the locking mechanism is tightened, and the fully sexless APC-7 7 mm connector 
Adapters to other connector series were available 
Eventually, the limited frequency range of a 14 mm connector and its high manufacturing cost overcame its ease of assembly and the GR-874 was supplanted generally by the 7 mm type N connector and its variants, the BNC connector and the TNC connector, and the later higher frequency 3 5 mm SMA connectors  General Radio, then still a major source of RF test equipment, designed the incompatible GR-900 as a 14 mm successor to the GR-874, filling the industry's need for a higher performance sexless connector for fully reversible lab standards and related test equipment  The GR-900 was in turn succeeded in this essential niche role by the completely sexless APC-7 connector 
Passage 10:
BNC connector
The BNC connector (initialism of "Bayonet Neill–Concelman") is a miniature quick connect/disconnect radio frequency connector used for coaxial cable  It is designed to maintain the same characteristic impedance of the cable, with 50 ohm and 75 ohm types being made  It is usually applied for video and radio frequency connections up to about 2 GHz and up to 500 volts  The connector has a twist to lock design with two lugs in the female portion of the connector engaging a slot in the  shell of the male portion  The type was introduced on military radio equipment in the 1940s and has since become widely applied in radio systems, and is a common type of video connector  Similar radio-frequency connectors differ in dimensions and attachment features, and may allow for higher voltages, higher frequencies, or three-wire connections 

Description
The BNC connector features two bayonet lugs on the female connector; mating is fully achieved with a quarter turn of the coupling nut  It uses an outer conductor with slots and some plastic dielectric on each gender connector



ground_truth: 2000 Summer Olympic Games

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: SR connector is based on the connector that is often used for what type of cable?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  This dielectric causes increasing losses at higher frequencies  Above 4 GHz, the slots may radiate signals, so the connector is usable, but not necessarily stable, up to about 11 GHz  BNC connectors are made to match the characteristic impedance of cable at either 50 ohms or 75 ohms (with other impedances such as 93 ohms for ARCNET available though less common)  They are usually applied for frequencies below 4 GHz and voltages below 500 volts  The interface specifications for the BNC and many other connectors are referenced in MIL-STD-348 

Use
The BNC was originally designed for military use and has gained wide acceptance in video and RF applications to 2 GHz  BNC connectors are used with miniature-to-subminiature coaxial cable in radio, television, and other radio-frequency electronic equipment  They were commonly used for early computer networks, including ARCnet, the IBM PC Network, and the 10BASE2 variant of Ethernet  
The BNC connector is used for signal connections such as:

analog and serial digital interface video signals
radio antennas
aerospace electronics (avionics)
nuclear instrumentation
test equipment 
The BNC connector is used for analog composite video and digital video interconnects on commercial video devices  Consumer electronics devices with RCA connector jacks can be used with BNC-only commercial video equipment by inserting an adapter  BNC connectors were commonly used on 10base2 thin Ethernet network cables and network cards  BNC connections can also be found in recording studios  Digital recording equipment uses the connection for synchronization of various components via the transmission of word clock timing signals 
Typically the male connector is fitted to a cable, and the female to a panel on equipment  Cable connectors are often designed to be fitted by crimping using a special power or manual tool  Wire strippers which strip outer jacket, shield braid, and inner dielectric to the correct lengths in one operation are used 

Origin
The connector was named the BNC (for Bayonet Neill–Concelman) after its bayonet mount locking mechanism and its inventors, Paul Neill and Carl Concelman  Neill worked at Bell Labs and also invented the N connector; Concelman worked at Amphenol and also invented the C connector 

Types and compatibility
Types
BNC connectors are most commonly made in 50 and 75 ohm versions, matched for use with cables of the same characteristic impedance  The 75 ohm types can sometimes be recognized by the reduced or absent dielectric in the mating ends but this is by no means reliable  There was a proposal in the early 1970s for the dielectric material to be coloured red in 75 ohm connectors, and while this is occasionally implemented, it did not become standard  The 75 ohm connector is dimensionally slightly different from the 50 ohm variant, but the two nevertheless can be made to mate  The 50 ohm connectors are typically specified for use at frequencies up to 4 GHz and the 75 ohm version up to 2 GHz 
Video (particularly HD video signals) and DS3 Telco central office applications primarily use 75 ohm BNC connectors, whereas 50 ohm connectors are used for data and RF  Many VHF receivers used 75 ohm antenna inputs, so they often used 75 ohm BNC connectors 
Reverse-polarity BNC (RP-BNC) is a variation of the BNC specification which reverses the polarity of the interface  In a connector of this type, the female contact normally found in a jack is usually in the plug, while the male contact normally found in a plug is in the jack  This ensures that reverse polarity interface connectors do not mate with standard interface connectors  The SHV connector is a high-voltage BNC variant that uses this reverse polarity configuration 
Smaller versions of the BNC connector, called Mini BNC and High Density BNC (HD BNC), are manufactured by Amphenol  While retaining the electrical characteristics of the original specification, they have smaller footprints giving a higher packing density on circuit boards and equipment backplanes  These connectors have true 75 ohm impedance making them suitable for HD video applications 

Compatibility
The different versions are designed to mate with each other,
and a 75 ohm and a 50 ohm BNC connector which both comply with the 2007 IEC standard, IEC 61169-8, will mate non-destructively  At least one manufacturer claims very high reliability for the connectors' compatibility At frequencies below 10 MHz the impedance mismatch between a 50 ohm connector or cable and a 75 ohm one has negligible effects  BNC connectors were thus originally made only in 50 ohm versions, for use with any impedance of cable  Above this frequency, however, the mismatch becomes progressively more significant and can lead to signal reflections 

BNC inserter/remover tool
A BNC inserter/remover tool also called a BNC tool, BNC extraction tool, BNC wrench, or BNC apple corer, is used to insert or remove BNC connectors in high density or hard-to-reach locations, such as densely wired patch panels in broadcast facilities like central apparatus rooms 
BNC tools are usually light weight, made of stainless steel, and have screw driver type plastic handle grips for applying torque  Their shafts are usually double the length of a standard connector 
They help to safely, efficiently and quickly connect and disconnect BNC connectors in jack fields  BNC tools facilitate access and minimize the risk of accidentally disconnecting nearby connectors 

Similar connectors
Similar connectors using the bayonet connection principle exist, and a threaded connector is also available  United States military standard MIL-PRF-39012 entitled Connectors, Coaxial, Radio Frequency, General Specification for (formerly MIL-C-39012) covers the general requirements and tests for radio frequency connectors used with flexible cables and certain other types of coaxial transmission lines in military, aerospace, and spaceflight applications 

SR connectors
In the USSR, BNC connectors were copied as SR connectors  As a result of recalculating from imperial to metric measurements their dimensions differ slightly from those of BNC  They are however generally interchangeable with them, sometimes with force applied 

TNC (Threaded Neill–Concelman)
A threaded version of the BNC connector, known as the TNC connector (for Threaded Neill-Concelman) is also available  It has superior performance to the BNC connector at microwave frequencies 

Twin BNC or twinax
Twin BNC (also known as twinax) connectors use the same bayonet latching shell as an ordinary BNC connector but contain two independent contact points (one male and one female), allowing the connection of a 78 ohm or 95 ohm shielded differential pair such as RG-108A  They can operate up to 100 MHz and 100 volts  They cannot mate with ordinary BNC connectors  An abbreviation for twinax connectors has been BNO (Sühner) 

Triaxial
Triaxial (also known as triax) connectors are a variant on BNC that carry a signal and guard as well as ground conductor  These are used in sensitive electronic measurement systems  Early triaxial connectors were designed with just an extra inner conductor, but later triaxial connectors also include a three-lug arrangement to rule out an accidental forced mating with a BNC connector  Adaptors exist to allow some interconnection possibilities between triaxial and BNC connectors  The triaxial may also be known as a Trompeter connection 

High-voltage connectors
For higher voltages (above 500 V), MHV and SHV connectors are typically used  MHV connectors are easily mistaken for BNC type, and can be made to mate with them by brute force  The SHV connector was developed as a safer alternative, it will not mate with ordinary BNC connectors and the inner conductor is much harder to accidentally contact 

Miniature connectors
BNC connectors are commonly used in electronics, but in some applications they are being replaced by LEMO 00 miniature connectors which allow for significantly higher densities  In video broadcast industry, the DIN 1 0/2 3 and the HD-BNC connector are used for higher density products

See also
SMA connector
SMB connector
SMC connector
UHF connector



ground_truth: coaxial