prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who directed the film where Susanne Pollatschek voiced Olivia Flaversham?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Chaste Susanne (film)
Chaste Susanne (German: Die keusche Susanne) is a 1926 German silent comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Lilian Harvey, Willy Fritsch and Ruth Weyher  It is based on the 1910 operetta Die keusche Susanne composed by Jean Gilbert with a libretto by Georg Okonkowski   In Britain it was released under the alternative title The Girl in the Taxi in reference to The Girl in the Taxi in the English version of the operetta  The film's art direction is by Jacek Rotmil  It was filmed at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin 
It marked the first pairing of Harvey and Fritsch who went on to become the leading screen couple in Weimar and early Nazi cinema  The film premiered at the UFA-Palast am Zoo and was a smash hit on its release 

Cast
Lilian Harvey as Jacqueline
Willy Fritsch as René Boislurette
Ruth Weyher as Susanne
Otto Wallburg as Charency
Hans Junkermann as Baron Aubrais
Lydia Potechina as Baronin Aubrais
Sascha Bragowa as Charencys Frau Rose
Werner Fuetterer as Hubert
Hans Wassmann as Dr  med  Pomarel
Ernst Hofmann as Henry, Renés Freund
Wilhelm Bendow
Albert Paulig
Passage 2:
The Night Manager (miniseries)
The Night Manager is a British television serial directed by Susanne Bier and starring Tom Hiddleston, Hugh Laurie, Olivia Colman, Tom Hollander, David Harewood and Elizabeth Debicki  It is based on the 1993 novel of the same title by John le Carré and adapted to the present day by David Farr  The six-part series began broadcasting on BBC One on 21 February 2016  In the United States, it began on 19 April 2016 on AMC  It has been sold internationally by IMG to over 180 countries The Night Manager was nominated for thirty-six awards and won eleven, including two Primetime Emmy Awards (for director Bier and music composer Victor Reyes) and three Golden Globe Awards (for Hiddleston, Colman, and Laurie) 

Premise
Jonathan Pine, night manager of a luxury hotel in Cairo and former British soldier, is recruited by Angela Burr, the manager of a Foreign Office task force investigating illegal arms sales, to infiltrate the inner circle of arms dealer Richard Roper 

Cast
Main
Tom Hiddleston as Jonathan Pine, a former military officer 
Hugh Laurie as Richard "Dicky" Onslow Roper, an arms dealer who is also the father of Danny Roper  Despite his charming personality and also his regular charity work, Roper is regarded as "the worst man in the world" due to his ruthless, amoral psychopathic nature 
Olivia Colman as Angela Burr, a woman who is the manager of a Foreign Office task force dedicated to bringing down arms dealer Richard Roper 
Tom Hollander as Major Lance "Corky" Corkoran, a man who works for Richard Roper 
Elizabeth Debicki as Jemima "Jed" Marshall, the girlfriend/mistress of Richard Roper 
Alistair Petrie as Alexander "Sandy" Langbourne, the Lord Langbourne and a man who assists Richard Roper in his arms dealing business 
Natasha Little as Caroline "Caro" Langbourne, the Lady Langbourne, Alexander "Sandy" Langbourne's wife 
Douglas Hodge as Rex Mayhew
David Harewood as Joel Steadman
Tobias Menzies as Geoffrey Dromgoole
Antonio de la Torre as Juan Apostol
Adeel Akhtar as Rob Singhal
Michael Nardone as Frisky, one of Richard Roper's henchmen 
Hovik Keuchkerian as Tabby, one of Richard Roper's henchmen 

Supporting
Noah Jupe as Danny Roper, a young boy who is the son of arms dealer Richard Roper 
David Avery as Freddie Hamid, a man responsible for killing Sophie "Samira" Alekan 
Amir El-Masry as Youssuf
Aure Atika as Sophie (Samira) Alekan
Nasser Memarzia as Omar Barghati
Russell Tovey as Simon Ogilvey
Neil Morrissey as Harry Palfrey
Katherine Kelly as Pamela, the Permanent Secretary
Bijan Daneshmand as Kouyami
Hannah Steele as Marilyn

Production
In January 2015 it was announced that the series would be co-produced by the BBC, AMC and The Ink Factory  Onsite services were provided by Palma Pictures 
Filming began on 19 March 2015 in Zermatt, Switzerland  Production then moved to London, UK  From 13 to 17 April 2015, location filming took place at Blackpool Mill Cottage, Hartland Abbey, and in and around Hartland, Devon   On 20 April 2015, production moved to Marrakesh, Morocco  The Es Saadi Resort was used as the  location for the fictional Nefertiti Hotel in Cairo  At the end of May, production moved to Majorca, Spain; principal photography wrapped in Majorca on 3 July 2015  Notable places include Port de Sóller, luxury property La Fortaleza in Port de Pollença and several locations in Palma The author John le Carré makes a cameo appearance as an insulted restaurant diner in episode four In February 2023, it was reported that the second series was in development with Hiddleston set to return 

Episodes
Broadcast
The first episode of The Night Manager was broadcast on 21 February 2016 on BBC One in the United Kingdom  AMC Spain broadcast the series on 24 February 2016 in Spain  TV3 in New Zealand broadcast the series on 28 February 2016  In the United States, the show premiered on 19 April 2016 on AMC  The serial aired in Australia on BBC First on 20 March 2016  The serial aired in Saudi Arabia on AMC starting on 6 June 2016  In Finland the serial premiered 22 June 2016 on MTV3  In Sweden the serial first aired on 22 August 2016 on TV4, split up into eight episodes not the original release of six episodes  In Germany the serial started airing on 29 August 2016 on ZDF  The series was broadcast on Raidió Teilifís Éireann in Ireland on 29 August 2016  On 24 February 2017, The Night Manager started to air in the Netherlands on public broadcaster NPO 1, being broadcast by AVROTROS  The series was broadcast by BBC Persian from 15 February 2018 in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan 

Critical reception
The series received widespread critical acclaim 
Adam Sisman, le Carré's biographer, wrote in the UK The Daily Telegraph, "It is more than 20 years since the novel was published, and in that time two film companies have tried and failed to adapt it, concluding that it was impossible to compress into two hours  But this six-hour television adaptation is long enough to give the novel its due " He added, "And though Hugh Laurie may seem a surprising choice to play 'the worst man in the world', he dominates the screen as a horribly convincing villain   Alert viewers may spot a familiar face in the background of one scene, in a restaurant: John le Carré himself makes a cameo, as he did in the films of A Most Wanted Man and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy  But he is on screen only for an instant: blink and you'll miss him "Reviewing the first episode for The Guardian, Archie Bland began by noting, "The Night Manager is as sexed up as television drama comes  In Tom Hiddleston and Hugh Laurie it has bona fide international stars; in John le Carré's source novel it has a pedigree of untouchable grandeur  The palette is as sumptuous as one of our hero Jonathan Pine's beautiful hotels"  He added, "It's Laurie's vulpine performance that gives The Night Manager its force once the smell of money has worn off  But we barely see him for the first 40 minutes – a delayed gratification trick that's always worked like magic on me, ever since we spent the whole first episode of The West Wing waiting impatiently to meet Josiah Bartlet " Turning to Hiddleston's performance, Bland wrote, "And as the embodiment of the show's atmosphere of paralysed establishment glamour, Hiddleston is the business  When the noble beast beneath that accommodating English exterior begins to make itself known, I find the righteous revenge he's intent on wreaking on Roper compelling "IGN reviewer Jesse Schedeen gave the serial 8 8 out of 10, saying, "The Night Manager proves that television is the ideal format to bring le Carré's novels to life  This miniseries is tightly paced, suspenseful and boasts strong performances from the likes of Hiddleston, Laurie, Colman and Hollander  With any luck, this series will open the doors for more of le Carré's classic spy tales to make their way to the small screen "The New Yorker reviewer Emily Nussbaum was unimpressed, calling the miniseries "elegant but ultimately empty", with "overwrought sequences of doomed love", "just an old recipe made with artisanal ingredients"  She praised the actors but found the characterisation of Roper "less Dr  No and more Mr  Magoo"  However, Brian Tallerico called it a "brilliant adaptation" on RogerEbert com, with praise for the performances of Hiddleston and Laurie, and for Susanne Bier's direction: "Bier brings a cinematic language to The Night Manager, and a deeper understanding of character than we often get in projects that hinge on espionage  She understands that it’s not about the twists and turns of the spy game but the impact it has on those who are playing it "

Accolades
Notes
Passage 3:
The Great Mouse Detective
The Great Mouse Detective (released as Basil the Great Mouse Detective in some countries and as The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective for its 1992 American re-release) is a 1986 American animated mystery adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures  The 26th Disney animated feature film, the film was directed by John Musker, Ron Clements, Dave Michener, and Burny Mattinson (in their feature directorial debuts)  The main characters are all mice and rats living in Victorian London 
Based on the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus and Paul Galdone, it draws heavily on the tradition of Sherlock Holmes with a heroic mouse who consciously emulates the detective  Titus named the main character after actor Basil Rathbone, who is best remembered for playing Holmes in film (and whose voice, sampled from a 1966 reading of "The Red-Headed League" was the voice of Holmes in this film, 19 years after his death)  Sherlock Holmes also mentions "Basil" as one of his aliases in the Arthur Conan Doyle story "The Adventure of Black Peter" 
The Great Mouse Detective was released to theaters on July 2, 1986, to positive reviews and financial success, in sharp contrast to the box office underperformance of Disney's previous animated feature film, The Black Cauldron (1985)  Indeed, the film's timely success has been credited with keeping Walt Disney Animation a going concern after the previous film's failure by renewing upper management's confidence in the department, thus setting the stage for the Disney Renaissance when feature animated films would become the corporation's most lucrative and prestigious product 

Plot
In London in June 1897, a young mouse named Olivia Flaversham is celebrating her birthday with her single  father, toymaker Mr  Flaversham  Suddenly, a bat with a crippled wing and a peg leg bursts into the toyshop, kidnapping Flaversham  Olivia leaves to find Basil of Baker Street, the famous Great Mouse Detective, but gets lost  David Q  Dawson, a retired army surgeon mouse newly returned from Afghanistan, meets Olivia and escorts her to Basil's residence  Being busy already, Basil initially dismisses them  Olivia then mentions the bat that abducted her father, and Basil realizes that Olivia saw Fidget, the assistant of Professor Ratigan, the criminal mastermind whom Basil was working to catch  It is then revealed that Ratigan kidnapped Flaversham to create a clockwork robot replica of the Queen of the Mice, so that Ratigan can usurp her place as "Supreme Ruler of all Mousedom"  Flaversham initially refuses to participate in the scheme, but capitulates when Ratigan threatens to harm Olivia 
Meanwhile, Fidget appears in Basil's window, then suddenly disappears  Basil, Dawson and Olivia take Toby, Sherlock Holmes' pet Basset Hound, to trail Fidget's scent  They trace Fidget to a human-sized toyshop; while searching the area, Dawson finds Fidget's checklist, and Basil discovers Fidget has been stealing clockwork mechanisms and toy soldiers' uniforms  
Fidget ambushes and kidnaps Olivia before Basil and Dawson can stop him  Basil does some chemical tests to the checklist, discovering it came from the "Rat Trap", a tavern near the junction of the sewer and the Thames  Basil and Dawson disguise themselves as sailors and head to the tavern; they spot Fidget there, and follow him to Ratigan's headquarters, only to be ambushed by Ratigan and his henchmen  Ratigan has the pair tied to a spring-loaded mousetrap connected to a Rube Goldberg machine of various killing devices  Ratigan then sets out for Buckingham Palace, where his henchmen hijack the royal guards' roles and kidnap the Mouse Queen  Inspired by a remark Dawson made, Basil deduces the trap's weakness, freeing himself, Dawson and Olivia 
At Buckingham Palace, Ratigan forces Flaversham to operate the toy Queen, while the real one is taken to be fed to Felicia, Ratigan's pet cat  The toy Queen declares Ratigan the ruler of all Mousedom, and he announces his dictatorial plans for his new "subjects"  After Basil, Dawson, and Olivia save Flaversham and the real Queen, they restrain Fidget and Ratigan's other henchmen, while Toby chases Felicia until she jumps over a wall, inadvertently into a pack of Royal Guard Dogs  Basil seizes control of the mechanical queen, making it denounce Ratigan as a fraud while breaking it into pieces  Realizing Ratigan's treason, the enraged crowd attacks, but Ratigan escapes on his dirigible with Fidget, holding Olivia hostage  Basil, Dawson, and Flaversham create an airship from a matchbox, balloons, and a Union Jack, and set off in pursuit  Ratigan tosses Fidget overboard to lighten the load; however, Basil jumps onto the dirigible to confront Ratigan, causing it to crash straight into Big Ben's clockface  Inside the clocktower, Basil restrains Ratigan, rescues Olivia, and safely delivers her to Flaversham  Ratigan breaks free and attacks Basil; however, when the clock strikes 10:00, the vibrations cause Ratigan to fall to his death  He attempts to take Basil with him, but Basil grabs a part of Ratigan's dirigible and saves himself  
Back at Baker Street, the group recounts their adventures  The Flavershams depart for home, and Dawson reluctantly resolves to leave as well  A new client arrives, and Basil introduces Dawson to her as his friend and investigative partner, prompting Dawson to remain and assist in Basil's future cases 

Voice cast
Barrie Ingham as Basil, a brilliant mouse detective 
Ingham also voices Bartholomew, a drunken lackey of Ratigan's 
Vincent Price as Professor Ratigan, Basil's long-established arch-enemy 
Val Bettin as Major Dr  David Q  Dawson, previously of the Queen's 66th Regiment in Afghanistan  He eventually becomes Basil's associate, friend, and personal biographer  Dawson also serves as the film's narrator 
Bettin also voices one of Ratigan's thugs 
Susanne Pollatschek as Olivia Flaversham, a young Scottish mouse who seeks Basil's help in finding her father 
Candy Candido as Fidget, Ratigan's bumbling bat right-hand henchman who has a crippled wing and a peg leg  As a result of his crippled wing, he cannot fly 
Candido also voices a reprobate in the pub 
Alan Young as Mr  Flaversham, Olivia's affectionate Scottish father who owns a toy shop 
Diana Chesney as Mrs  Judson, Basil's housekeeper who is often exasperated by his antics 
Eve Brenner as Queen Mousetoria, the mouse Queen of the United Kingdom, whom Ratigan attempts to depose 
Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes, the famous human detective who lives above Basil  His voice is taken from the 1966 Caedmon Records recording of the Sherlock Holmes story "The Red-Headed League" 
Laurie Main as Dr  Watson, the medical associate/partner of Sherlock Holmes, who also lives above Basil  Unlike Rathbone, voice samples of Nigel Bruce were not used for the voice of Watson as he had died in 1953 
Wayne Allwine, Tony Anselmo, and Walker Edmiston as Ratigan's Thugs 
Melissa Manchester as Miss Kitty Mouse, who sings "Let Me Be Good To You" 

Production
The idea of doing an animated film about Sherlock Holmes with animals was first discussed during the production of The Rescuers  Veteran layout artist Joe Hale is credited with suggesting to adapt the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus, but the project fell into development limbo because of the similarities to The Rescuers  In 1982, Ron Clements proposed adapting the children's book series into an animated feature and, along with story artist Pete Young, it was pitched to Disney President Ron Miller who approved the project  Earlier in his career, Clements created a 15-minute Sherlock Holmes animated short recorded on Super 8 film  Because the animators were displeased with the direction The Black Cauldron was heading, Basil of Baker Street was approved as an alternative project Burny Mattinson and John Musker were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was also added as co-director  Miller became the producer for the film  The first idea for the victim was for Olivia—then an older and potential love interest whom Dawson falls for, but Miller suggested the character be "a little girl, someone they [the audience] can feel sorry for " One of the dropped characters was a stool pigeon who always hung around Buckingham Palace and tipped Basil off about the skullduggery  The writers dropped the characters deciding for Basil to figure it out for himself With the departure of Miller in 1984, the board of directors appointed Michael Eisner, who had resigned from Paramount Pictures, to become the new CEO  Eisner recruited former production head Jeffrey Katzenberg to become studio chairman over Disney's film division  Following a story reel screening of Basil, Eisner and Katzenberg complained about the slow pacing of the story and ordered for rewrites before animation would commence  Although the intended release was set for Christmas 1987, Michael Eisner slashed the projected production budget at $24 million in half where it was green-lit at $10 million and moved the release date up to July 1986 giving the production team one year to complete the film  To replace Miller who had been producer, Feature Animation chairman Roy E  Disney assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer, but finding both tasks much too laborious, Mattinson decided to remain as producer  Musker and Michener remained as directors, but with the shortened production schedule, Clements became an additional director Following the box office under-performance of the 1985 Paramount/Amblin film Young Sherlock Holmes, Eisner decided to rename Basil of Baker Street into The Great Mouse Detective feeling the name "Basil" was "too English"  The re-titling of the film proved to be unpopular with the filmmakers so much that animator Ed Gombert wrote a satirical interoffice memo, allegedly by studio executive Peter Schneider, which gave preceding Disney films generic titles such as Seven Little Men Help a Girl, The Wonderful Elephant Who Could Really Fly, The Little Deer Who Grew Up, The Girl with the See-through Shoes, Two Dogs Fall in Love, Puppies Taken Away, and A Boy, a Bear and a Big Black Cat  These generic titles would later become a category on Jeopardy! 

Casting
Following a succession of American and British actors who read for the part of Basil, Royal Shakespeare actor Barrie Ingham won the role within six minutes of his audition  Val Bettin was co-director Ron Clements's first choice for Dawson  For Olivia, Susanne Pollatschek was selected over hundreds of other applicants while Alan Young, who had voiced Scrooge McDuck for Mickey's Christmas Carol, was selected to voice her father Hiriam because of his authentic Scottish brogue When the filmmakers watched the 1950 comedy film Champagne for Caesar to study Ronald Colman's performance as a possible model for Basil, they immediately decided to cast Vincent Price, who also starred in the film, as Ratigan  A veteran actor for fifty-two years, Price was willing to do an audition commenting "If anybody but Disney had asked me, I would have been offended " Following a voice test, veteran voice artist Candy Candido recorded his dialogue for Fidget in one hour  To heighten the pitch, the tape recording of his voice was sped up  Candido's natural voice was kept for one character shouting "Get off, you eight-legged bum "

Animation
Basil was first modeled on Bing Crosby, but the animators eventually took inspiration from Leslie Howard  Initially, Ratigan had been designed as thin, weasely, and ratlike  Following the screening of Champagne for Caesar, Glen Keane noted that following the casting of Price, "his expressive voice and attitude inspired us to further redesign the character " Additionally, during one story meeting, Glen Keane decided to base the stature of Ratigan on then-Disney CEO Ron Miller, who was a 6'6" former football player for the Los Angeles Rams  Furthermore, Keane lifted his personality as he was thumbing through these "photographs of people of London in the 1800s, of railroad men, and there was this one guy smoking a cigar—he had a top hat and there was just something about this guy—this Ratigan     this rat sucking the cigar, completely dressed to the hilt, he was sharp and perfect—he's a sewer rat dressed like a king and he lives as a king!" The following supervising animators included Mark Henn for Basil, Hendel Butoy for Dawson, Rob Minkoff for Olivia, Andreas Deja for Queen Moustoria, Ruben Aquino for Mrs  Judson, and Mike Gabriel for Toby and Felicia The original finale was to take place on the hands of Big Ben with Ratigan eventually falling to his demise  However, layout artist Mike Peraza approached Musker with the idea of restaging the final confrontation so the characters would break through the face of Big Ben with the grinding clockwork gears providing added menace, in which Musker agreed  Peraza's inspiration for the scene was a Japanese anime film, The Castle of Cagliostro (1979), the feature film debut of animator Hayao Miyazaki which is part of the Lupin III franchise; The Castle of Cagliostro, which Peraza was a fan of, featured a climactic scene involving characters amidst giant turning gears in a clock tower  Pereza and his team was sent to London for video reference and were granted unprecedented access to the clockworks inside Big Ben  Because the bells would chime at every quarter-hour, the team completed their research in one hour Back at the Feature Animation building, animators Phil Nibbelink and Tad Gielow spent months designing the interior of Big Ben, with each gear produced as wire-frame graphics on a computer that was printed out and traced onto animation cels onto which the colors and characters were added  The two-minute climax scene thus used computer-generated imagery (CGI), making it the first Disney film to extensively use computer animation, a fact that Disney used to promote the film during marketing The film was the last work to feature Eric Larson as an animation consultant before his retirement  Larson was the last of Disney's Nine Old Men, the group that had defined much of Disney's theatrical direction since the 1930s  The character of Dr  Dawson was modeled on Larson as a tribute 

Music
Unusually for a Disney animated feature, there was no soundtrack album released alongside the film; it was released in 1992 alongside the film's reissue under its new title by Varèse Sarabande, the only Disney cartoon to have an original soundtrack on the label to date (and the only one not to be issued under a Walt Disney imprint)  The album marked the debut of Henry Mancini for score composition of an animated feature aside from the animated opening for The Pink Panther Initially, Mancini composed a song titled "Are You the One Who Loves Me?" to serve as a parody of a Victorian British music hall  Already in rough animation, the song was recorded by Shani Wallis  However, Katzenberg and the new management desired a more contemporary song as they would help make the film more marketable  Michael Jackson was considered by Eisner to voice a character who would enter the saloon, confront Basil, and sing a song at the tavern, but the suggestion was met with uncomfortable silence for which Eisner withdrew the idea; Eisner later proposed for Madonna to perform the song  Eventually, Melissa Manchester was brought in; she wrote and performed "Let Me Be Good to You", by which the rough animation had to be re-timed and often re-animated to properly sync with the song  Mancini also co-wrote two of the film's three original songs, "The World's Greatest Criminal Mind" and "Goodbye So Soon" (both performed by Vincent Price) 

Songs
Original songs performed in the film include:

Release
During the film's initial theatrical release, the film was accompanied with the short, Clock Cleaners 

Home media
Following the theatrical re-release in February 1992, the film was released on VHS and Laserdisc in July 1992 as part of the Walt Disney Classics series  It was placed into moratorium on April 30, 1993  It was released again on VHS on August 3, 1999 (with a game sheet inside it as part of a contest) and on DVD in 2002 with a short making-of featurette  In the United Kingdom, it was first released on VHS in 1992 followed by re-releases in 1993 and 1995 
A "Mystery in the Mist Edition" of The Great Mouse Detective was released on DVD on April 13, 2010, and on Blu-ray Disc on October 9, 2012  Unlike previous home media releases, which all used the 1992 reissue title print (The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective), this DVD restored the original 1986 title card, which had previously not been seen since the original 1986 release  The DVD also has the film in its 1 78:1 widescreen aspect ratio, which brings it closer to its original theatrical aspect ratio  The Blu-ray edition is region-free and thus can be played in any region of the world  The Blu-ray was finally released in the UK on November 9, 2015, and released in France on Blu-ray on October 20, 2015 

Reception
Critical reaction
On their syndicated television show, At the Movies, the film received a "two thumbs up" rating from critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert  In his print review for The Chicago Tribune, Siskel enthusiastically praised the film as the most "truly memorable animated feature in 25 years" that "travels a wide emotional range, taking us from cuddly to scary, from recognition to wonder " Likewise, in his print review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Ebert gave the film three stars out of four in which he praised the film's animation and compared the film to that of Disney's golden age  He summarized that "the result is a movie like The Great Mouse Detective, which looks more fully animated than anything in some 30 years "London's Time Out magazine wrote, "As usual with film noir [   ] it is the villain who steals the heart and one is rooting for in the breathtaking showdown high up in the cogs and ratchets of Big Ben " Nina Darnton of The New York Times applauded that "[t]he heroes are appealing, the villains have that special Disney flair – humorous blackguards who really enjoy being evil – and the script is witty and not overly sentimental " Johanna Steinmetz, also from The Chicago Tribune, graded the film three-and-a-half stars (out of four) writing "This movie is cute, cute, cute, but it's a higher grade of cute than The Rescuers (1977) and The Fox and the Hound (1981)  The key to good Disney animation is character and facial expression, and Detective abounds in both " Alex Stewart reviewed The Great Mouse Detective for White Dwarf #83, and stated that "After their dismal fudge of The Black Cauldron, it's good to see the Disney studios taking a step, however cautious, towards the world of animation as it is today  The style is looser and more vigorous, and, in a climactic fight inside Big Ben, effectively amalgamates computer-drawn clockwork with hand-drawn characters "The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received an 80% approval rating with an average rating of 7 1/10 based on 25 reviews  The website's consensus states that "The Great Mouse Detective may not rank with Disney's classics, but it's an amiable, entertaining picture with some stylishly dark visuals " Metacritic gave the film a score of 73 based on 13 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Animation critic Charles Solomon listed this as one of the best animated films of the 1980s while singling out Keane's key work on Ratigan 

Box-office
The film grossed around $50 million worldwide against a budget of over $14 million during its initial release  Its inexpensive success after its predecessor's under-performance gave the new management of Disney confidence in the viability of their animation department, though it was surpassed at the box office by An American Tail  Re-titled as The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective, the film was re-released theatrically on February 14, 1992, where it grossed $13,288,756  The Great Mouse Detective has had a lifetime North American gross of $38 7 million across its original release and reissue 

Legacy
Basil and Professor Ratigan were characters to meet-and-greet at the Disney Parks, until both were retired after 2004 
In the television series Darkwing Duck, a little statue of Basil opened the secret passage to Darkwing's hidden base  Some of the characters from the film have recurring cameo appearances in the television series House of Mouse 
Professor Ratigan is one of the villains with a main focus in the anthology film Once Upon a Halloween  He is also one of the villains present in the board game Disney Villainous Basil of Baker Street appears as a playable character in the video game Disney Heroes: Battle Mode Additionally, in honor of Mickey Mouse's 75th anniversary, was planned a film under the title The Search for Mickey Mouse in which Mickey gets kidnapped by unknown forces, forcing Minnie Mouse to enlist Basil of Baker Street to investigate his disappearance  However, the project was cancelled after it suffered script problems 
Passage 4:
The One and Only (1999 film)
The One and Only (Danish: Den Eneste Ene) is a 1999 Danish romantic comedy film directed by Susanne Bier  The film starred Sidse Babett Knudsen, Niels Olsen, Rafael Edholm, and Paprika Steen in story about two unfaithful married couples faced with becoming first-time parents  The film was considered to mark a modern transition in Danish romantic comedies, and became the third biggest box-office success of the 1990s in Denmark  The film earned both the Robert Award and Bodil Award as the Best Film of 1999 

Cast
Sidse Babett Knudsen as Sus
Niels Olsen as Niller
Paprika Steen as Stella
Søs Egelind as Lizzie
Sofie Gråbøl as Mulle
Lars Kaalund as Knud
Rafael Edholm as Andrea aka Sonny
Hella Joof as the adoption lady
Liv Corfixen as beauty clinic customer
Charlotte Munck as beauty clinic customer
Klaus Bondam as Priest
Lars Kjeldgaard as one of the couples with new kitchen
Jacob Thuesen as one of the couples with new kitchen
Vanessa Gouri as Mgala
Jan Hertz as the Doctor
Berrit Kvorning Beauty clinic chief

Box office
The film was the most successful Danish film for 15 years with admissions of 820,000 and a gross of 38 5 million Krone ($5 5 million) in Denmark 
Passage 5:
Brothers (2009 film)
Brothers is a 2009 American psychological drama war film directed by Jim Sheridan and written by David Benioff  A remake of the 2004 Danish film, it follows Captain Sam Cahill (portrayed by Tobey Maguire), a presumed-dead prisoner of the War in Afghanistan who deals with extreme PTSD while reintegrating into society following his release from captivity  The film also stars Jake Gyllenhaal as Cahill's brother and Natalie Portman as his wife  Both films take inspiration from Homer's epic poem the Odyssey The film received a mixed response and grossed $43 million  Maguire, however, received particular praise for his performance, receiving a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama 

Plot
United States Marine Corps officer Sam Cahill is about to be sent to war in Afghanistan  He is married to his high school friend Grace, and together, they have two young daughters, Isabelle and Maggie  Sam's older brother, Tommy, is a criminal who is just released from prison on parole a few days before Sam's departure  At a family dinner with Tommy and Sam's parents, Hank and Elsie, Maggie reveals to Tommy that Grace dislikes him, and Hank insults Tommy for his lack of success compared to Sam 
During Sam's tour, his helicopter is shot down in and he and Private Joe Willis are the sole survivors  They are taken prisoner by the Taliban, but are declared killed in action by the government  At Sam's funeral in absentia, Hank attempts to drive Elsie and the girls home while drunk, but Tommy intercepts him  Hank once again berates Tommy and he accuses Hank for influencing Sam to join the Marines because of his own Vietnam War service 
Tommy attempts to redeem himself and completes a kitchen remodel for Grace  Hank and Tommy also mend their relationship, and Grace bonds with Tommy, aided by his growing paternal connection with Isabelle and Maggie  Grace and Tommy share a fireside kiss, but do not take their attraction any further  However, Tommy continues to remain close with the family and his nieces grow attached to him  Meanwhile, Sam and Joe are tortured by their captors and Sam is eventually forced to brutally beat Joe to death 
Sometime later, Sam is rescued and returns home, where he struggles to readjust, showing signs of severe post-traumatic stress disorder; his daughters grow fearful and resentful toward him  Sam also lies to Joe's widow about her husband's death  His paranoia also causes him to believe Grace and Tommy fell in love while he went away, causing him to remain aloof  When Grace questions Sam about what happened in Afghanistan, Sam demands to know what happened between her and Tommy  Grace tells Sam that she and Tommy kissed while he was gone, but Sam has trouble believing that is all what happened  When Grace questions Sam again, Sam does not respond and storms off 
During Maggie's birthday party, Isabelle is rude to her sister and jealously complains that Maggie got what she wanted for her birthday, while Isabelle did not  Isabelle chastises Sam for being in Afghanistan during her birthday, but being able to attend Maggie's  Isabelle then begins to play with a balloon loudly, and, despite objections from Sam and Grace, triggers Sam's PTSD, causing him to lose his temper and burst the balloon out of fury in front of the family  Already scared and resentful of Sam's erratic behavior and violent mood swings, a hurt Isabelle falsely claims that Tommy and Grace are having an affair and angrily tells Sam that she wishes he had actually died 
Returning home, Sam, believing his daughter's story, throws a temper tantrum and proceeds to destroy the kitchen out of rage with a crowbar in front of Grace  He suddenly calms down when Tommy shows up and attempts to bring Sam into an embrace, trying to calm his brother's violent breakdown, while Grace isolates her daughters from their father  However, Sam immediately becomes defensive when he realizes that Tommy has already called the police  DOD Police arrive and confront Sam, leading into a standoff  He fires a pistol into the air and demands that the policemen kill him before holding the gun to his own head, contemplating suicide, but reluctantly changes his mind and surrenders after several protests from Tommy and a tearful Grace 
Sam is arrested and admitted to a Veterans' Affairs hospital  Grace visits, giving him an ultimatum that if he does not tell her the truth, Sam will lose her forever  Sam finally confesses that he killed Joe and they embrace, wondering if he will ever be able to live a normal life again 

Cast
Tobey Maguire as Capt  Sam Cahill
Jake Gyllenhaal as Tommy Cahill
Natalie Portman as Grace Cahill
Sam Shepard as Hank Cahill
Mare Winningham as Elsie Cahill
Bailee Madison as Isabelle Cahill
Taylor Geare as Maggie Cahill
Patrick Flueger as Pvt  Joe Willis
Carey Mulligan as Cassie Willis
Clifton Collins Jr  as Maj  Cavazos
Jenny Wade as Tina
Omid Abtahi as Yusuf
Navid Negahban as Murad
Enayat Delawary as Ahmed
Ethan Suplee as Sweeney
Arron Shiver as A  J 
Ray Prewitt as Owen

Reception
Box office
On its opening weekend, the film opened #3 with $9,527,848 behind New Moon and The Blind Side  Since its box office debut the film has grossed $43,318,349 worldwide 

Critical response
Brothers received mixed reviews from film critics  On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 64% based on 159 reviews, with an average score of 6 2/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "It plays more like a traditional melodrama than the Susanne Bier film that inspired it, but Jim Sheridan's Brothers benefits from rock-solid performances by its three leads " On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 31 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews" Tobey Maguire received critical acclaim for his dramatic performance; Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars and wrote that Brothers is "Tobey Maguire's film to dominate, and I've never seen these dark depths in him before " Claudia Puig of USA Today observed the resemblance between Maguire and Gyllenhaal, and praised their onscreen chemistry  Regarding Portman's performance, Puig opined that it was "subdued and reactive"  Writing for New York magazine, David Edelstein praised the three main actors: "Sheridan's actors work with their intellects fully engaged—and they engage us on levels we barely knew we had " He also complimented the cinematography and Sheridan's ability to pull the reader into the plot  Entertainment Weekly's Owen Gleiberman gave the film a rating of C+, writing, "Brothers isn't badly acted, but as directed by the increasingly impersonal Jim Sheridan, it’s lumbering and heavy-handed, a film that piles on overwrought dramatic twists until it begins to creak under the weight of its presumed significance "

Accolades
Of his Golden Globe Award nomination, Tobey Maguire said "I had no expectation about getting a nomination, but I was watching nonetheless  My wife and my son got really excited  I was sort of surprised — I was like, 'Oh, wow ' And I couldn't hear the latter part of my name " The Edge of U2 described how the band planned to celebrate their nomination  "I think we might have a pint of Guinness and eat a potato in honor of (director) Jim (Sheridan) and his great piece of work "

Home media
Brothers was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 23, 2010 

Opera adaptation
Brothers – The Opera is an opera based on the original 2004 Danish version of the film by Icelandic composer Daníel Bjarnason; it was premiered at the Musikhuset Aarhus on 16 August 2017  It was commissioned by Den Jyske Opera  Kerstin Perski wrote the libretto and the director was Kasper Holten  To celebrate Aarhus as the European Capital of Culture 2017, three stage works – a musical, dance, and an opera all based on films by Susanne Bier – were commissioned and performed in Musikhuset 
Passage 6:
A Boy and His Dog (1975 film)
A Boy and His Dog is a 1975 American black comedy science fiction film directed by actor L Q  Jones, from a screenplay by Jones based on the 1969 novella of the same title by fantasy author Harlan Ellison  The film stars Don Johnson, Susanne Benton, Alvy Moore, and Jason Robards  It was independently produced and distributed by Jones' company LQ/Jaf Productions 
The film's storyline concerns a teenage boy, Vic, and his telepathic dog, Blood, who work together as a team in order to survive in the dangerous post-apocalyptic wasteland of the Southwestern United States 
Shout! Factory released the film on DVD and Blu-ray in August 2013 

Plot
In the post-nuclear war America of 2024, Vic (Don Johnson) is an 18-year-old boy, born in and scavenging throughout the wasteland of the former southwestern United States  Vic is most concerned with food and sex; having lost his parents, he has no formal education and does not understand ethics or morality  He is accompanied by a well-read, misanthropic, telepathic dog named Blood, who helps him find women to rape, in exchange for which Vic finds food for the dog  Blood cannot forage for himself due to the same genetic engineering that granted him telepathy  The two steal for a living, evading bands of raiders, berserk military androids, and mutants  Blood and Vic have an occasionally antagonistic relationship (Blood frequently annoys Vic by calling him "Albert" for reasons never made clear), though they realize that they need each other to survive  Blood wishes to find the legendary promised land of "Over the Hill" where above-ground utopias are said to exist, though Vic believes that they must make the best of what they have 
Searching a bunker for a woman for Vic to rape, they find one, but she has already been severely mutilated and is on the verge of death  Vic displays no pity  He is merely angered by the "wastefulness" of such an act, as well as disgusted by the thought of satisfying his urges with a woman in such a condition  They move on, only to find slavers excavating another bunker  Vic steals several cans of their food, later using them to barter for goods in a nearby shanty town 
That evening, while watching old vintage stag films at a local outdoor "cinema", Blood claims to smell a woman, and the pair track her to a large underground warehouse  There, Vic attempts to rape Quilla June Holmes (Susanne Benton), a scheming and seductive teenage girl from Downunder, a society in a large underground settlement  Unknown to the pair, Quilla June's father, Lou Craddock (Jason Robards), had sent her above ground to "recruit" surface dwellers  Blood takes an instant dislike to her, but Vic ignores him  After Vic saves Quilla June from raiders and mutants, they have repeated sex  Eventually, she secretly returns to her underground society  Enticed by the thought of more women and sex, Vic follows her, despite Blood's warnings  Blood remains on the surface at Downunder's portal 
Downunder has an artificial biosphere, complete with forests and a city, which is named Topeka after the ruins of the destroyed city that it lies beneath  The city is ruled by a triumvirate known as the Committee, who have shaped Topeka into a bizarre caricature of pre-nuclear war America, with all residents wearing whiteface and clothes evocative of rural United States prior to World War II  When Vic is told that he has been brought to Topeka to help fertilize the female population, he is elated to learn of his "stud" value  His joy is short-lived, when he is informed that Topeka meets its need for exogamous reproduction by electroejaculation and artificial insemination, which will deny him the sexual pleasure that he had envisioned  People who refuse to comply with the Committee are sent off to "the farm" and never seen again, as they are violently killed  Vic is informed that when his semen has been used to impregnate 35 women, he will also be sent to "the farm" 
Quilla June helps Vic escape only because she wants him to kill the Committee members and destroy their android enforcer, Michael (Hal Baylor), so that she can usurp their power  Vic has no interest in politics or remaining underground  He only wants to return to Blood and the wasteland  The rebellion is quashed by Michael, who crushes the heads of Quilla June's co-conspirators before Vic disables him  She proclaims her "love" for Vic and wants to escape to the surface with him—now that her rebellion has been quashed, and the Committee has decreed that she will be sent to the farm 
On the surface, Vic and Quilla June discover that Blood is starving and near death  She pleads with Vic to abandon Blood, forcing him to face his true feelings  Vic decides that his loyalties lie with his dog  Off-camera, Vic murders Quilla June and cooks her flesh so that Blood can eat and survive  Blood thanks Vic for the food, and they both comment on Quilla June  Vic says that it was her fault that she followed him, while Blood wryly jokes that she had marvelous judgment but did not have particularly good "taste"  The boy and his dog continue to talk as they walk off together into the wasteland 

Cast
Don Johnson as Vic
Tim McIntire as "Blood" (voice)
Susanne Benton as Quilla June Holmes
Jason Robards as Lou Craddock
Alvy Moore as Dr  Moore
Helene Winston as "Mez" Smith
Charles McGraw as Preacher
Hal Baylor as Michael
Ron Feinberg as Fellini
Michael Rupert as Gery
Don Carter as Ken
Michael Hershman as Richard
L Q  Jones as Actor In Porno Film

Production
Harlan Ellison wrote the original novella A Boy and His Dog and began an adaptation for film  However, after encountering writer's block, actor/director L Q  Jones came onboard to write the script  Jones' own company, LQ/Jaf Productions (L Q  Jones & Friends), independently produced the film  Distributors initially were reluctant to finance the production, so Jones raised $400,000 through family and business associates  The film was shot at Pacific Ocean Park in Venice, California, and on location around Barstow, California and Coyote Dry Lake in the Mojave Desert 
In an interview, Harlan Ellison said: "When he [Blood] calls Vic 'Al' or 'Albert', he is referring to the Albert Payson Terhune dog stories, whereas a traditional boy and his dog relationship is turned upside down in this movie "
James Cagney's voice was considered as the voice of Blood, but was dropped because it would have been too recognizable and prove to be a distraction  Eventually, after going through approximately 600 auditions, they settled on Tim McIntire, a veteran voice actor who also did most of the music for the film  Ray Manzarek (misspelled in the film credits as "Manzarec"), formerly of The Doors, was also among those credited for the score 
McIntire sang the main theme  Bolivian composer Jaime Mendoza-Nava provided the music for the Topeka underground segment 

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 78% approval rating based on 36 reviews, with an average rating of 6 6/10  The site's consensus states: "An offbeat, eccentric black comedy, A Boy and His Dog features strong dialogue and an oddball vision of the future"  On Metacritic the film has a score of 68% based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2 5 stars out of a possible 4, writing that Ellison's novella "seemed almost to defy filming" but nonetheless Jones managed to offer "a sort of wacky success"  Richard Eder of The New York Times wrote that the realistic world set up in the beginning and the underground community introduced later "don't really work together; their contrast, and a ridiculous ending, shatter the picture  And the talking dog chews up the pieces"  Variety called the film "a turkey" and "an amateurish blend of redneck humor, chaotic fight scenes, and dimwitted philosophizing"  Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 1 5 stars out of 4 and wrote: "Rather than illuminate the present through a glance at a possible future, 'A Boy and His Dog' is simply a dim-witted collection of tired sex gags and anti-American imagery"  Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times praised the film as "an offbeat delight" with performances that "have that comfortable naturalness often detectable when an actor is directing other actors"  Gary Arnold of The Washington Post panned the film as a "shoddy, puerile science-fiction parable" that "mistakes juvenile facetiousness for wit and glorifies a juvenile concept of freedom, which means making it in the wild, away from such unmanly encumbrances as civilization and girls" The film was not commercially successful at its release  It has since become a cult film and also inspired the video game series Fallout "on many levels, from underground communities of survivors to glowing mutants", according to Jesse Heining, a developer of the game  On the film's DVD audio commentary, Jones states that Ellison was generally pleased with the film, with the exception of some lines of dialogue  Ellison particularly objected to the film's final line, which did not originate from his original short story, in which Blood said of Quilla, "Well, I'd say she certainly had marvelous judgement, Albert, if not particularly good taste"  Ellison referred to it as a "moronic, hateful chauvinist last line, which I despise" The 1975 science fiction film directed by L Q  Jones was controversial for alleged misogyny; the script included lines that were not in Ellison's original stories and that authors such as Joanna Russ, in her essay "A Boy and his Dog: The final solution," found to be objectionable  Ellison did, however, accept that the ending remained popular with fans, saying: "I would have kept the original last line from the original story, which I think is much more human and beguiling than the sort of punchline that L Q  Jones used  But L Q  knew what he was doing in terms of the market, I suppose " On the other hand, Harlan also loved the movie (as stated in an interview conversation with L Q  Jones on the Shout Factory Blu Ray); after Jones screened it to him, he said it was exactly what the story was supposed to be on screen  It was a few days after he brought up his problems, mostly concerning the way Blood talked about the girl during the locker room scene when they first meet 

Accolades
The film won the 1976 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation at MidAmeriCon, the 34th World Science Fiction Convention in Kansas City, Missouri, located not far from the real Topeka, Kansas  Johnson won the Golden Scroll for Best Actor, which was shared with James Caan for his performance in Rollerball  In 2007, it ranked #96 on Rotten Tomatoes' "Journey Through Sci-Fi" (100 best-reviewed science fiction films) 

Legacy
According to L Q  Jones, George Miller cited the 1975 film adaptation of A Boy and His Dog as an influence on the Mad Max films, particularly The Road Warrior (1981) 

Sequel
There were rumors regarding a sequel, but it never materialized  On the film's DVD audio commentary, L Q  Jones states that he had started to write a script sequel to the film that would have picked up where the first film ended and featured a female warrior named Spike, and we would have seen this world through the eyes of a female instead of a male (this happens in Ellison's story, Blood's a Rover, when Blood partners with Spike after the ostensible death of Vic)  Jones and Ellison reportedly collaborated on this short-lived effort, although Ellison said that such 'collaboration' never went beyond a short "what if?" conversation, and that any efforts were solely that of Jones 
According to Cult Movies 2, Jones had a sequel planned called A Girl and Her Dog, but the plan was scrapped when Tiger, the dog who portrayed Blood, died  In a December 2003 interview, Jones claimed that he had been repeatedly approached to make a sequel, but funding was always an issue  In 2018, Ellison's teleplay featuring Spike — the girl in the proposed A Girl and Her Dog film — was finally published  Blood's a Rover by Harlan Ellison (Subterranean Press 2018), a "fix-up" novel, consisting of "Eggsucker" and "Run Spot, Run", two short stories from the 1970s and 1980s, as well as "A Boy and His Dog" (Ellison's novella) and an unproduced teleplay from the 1970s, "Blood's a Rover", was published in a limited number of hardcovers 

See also
List of American films of 1975
Passage 7:
Susanne Pollatschek
The Great Mouse Detective (released as Basil the Great Mouse Detective in some countries and as The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective for its 1992 American re-release) is a 1986 American animated mystery adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures  The 26th Disney animated feature film, the film was directed by John Musker, Ron Clements, Dave Michener, and Burny Mattinson (in their feature directorial debuts)  The main characters are all mice and rats living in Victorian London 
Based on the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus and Paul Galdone, it draws heavily on the tradition of Sherlock Holmes with a heroic mouse who consciously emulates the detective  Titus named the main character after actor Basil Rathbone, who is best remembered for playing Holmes in film (and whose voice, sampled from a 1966 reading of "The Red-Headed League" was the voice of Holmes in this film, 19 years after his death)  Sherlock Holmes also mentions "Basil" as one of his aliases in the Arthur Conan Doyle story "The Adventure of Black Peter" 
The Great Mouse Detective was released to theaters on July 2, 1986, to positive reviews and financial success, in sharp contrast to the box office underperformance of Disney's previous animated feature film, The Black Cauldron (1985)  Indeed, the film's timely success has been credited with keeping Walt Disney Animation a going concern after the previous film's failure by renewing upper management's confidence in the department, thus setting the stage for the Disney Renaissance when feature animated films would become the corporation's most lucrative and prestigious product 

Plot
In London in June 1897, a young mouse named Olivia Flaversham is celebrating her birthday with her single  father, toymaker Mr  Flaversham  Suddenly, a bat with a crippled wing and a peg leg bursts into the toyshop, kidnapping Flaversham  Olivia leaves to find Basil of Baker Street, the famous Great Mouse Detective, but gets lost  David Q  Dawson, a retired army surgeon mouse newly returned from Afghanistan, meets Olivia and escorts her to Basil's residence  Being busy already, Basil initially dismisses them  Olivia then mentions the bat that abducted her father, and Basil realizes that Olivia saw Fidget, the assistant of Professor Ratigan, the criminal mastermind whom Basil was working to catch  It is then revealed that Ratigan kidnapped Flaversham to create a clockwork robot replica of the Queen of the Mice, so that Ratigan can usurp her place as "Supreme Ruler of all Mousedom"  Flaversham initially refuses to participate in the scheme, but capitulates when Ratigan threatens to harm Olivia 
Meanwhile, Fidget appears in Basil's window, then suddenly disappears  Basil, Dawson and Olivia take Toby, Sherlock Holmes' pet Basset Hound, to trail Fidget's scent  They trace Fidget to a human-sized toyshop; while searching the area, Dawson finds Fidget's checklist, and Basil discovers Fidget has been stealing clockwork mechanisms and toy soldiers' uniforms  
Fidget ambushes and kidnaps Olivia before Basil and Dawson can stop him  Basil does some chemical tests to the checklist, discovering it came from the "Rat Trap", a tavern near the junction of the sewer and the Thames  Basil and Dawson disguise themselves as sailors and head to the tavern; they spot Fidget there, and follow him to Ratigan's headquarters, only to be ambushed by Ratigan and his henchmen  Ratigan has the pair tied to a spring-loaded mousetrap connected to a Rube Goldberg machine of various killing devices  Ratigan then sets out for Buckingham Palace, where his henchmen hijack the royal guards' roles and kidnap the Mouse Queen  Inspired by a remark Dawson made, Basil deduces the trap's weakness, freeing himself, Dawson and Olivia 
At Buckingham Palace, Ratigan forces Flaversham to operate the toy Queen, while the real one is taken to be fed to Felicia, Ratigan's pet cat  The toy Queen declares Ratigan the ruler of all Mousedom, and he announces his dictatorial plans for his new "subjects"  After Basil, Dawson, and Olivia save Flaversham and the real Queen, they restrain Fidget and Ratigan's other henchmen, while Toby chases Felicia until she jumps over a wall, inadvertently into a pack of Royal Guard Dogs  Basil seizes control of the mechanical queen, making it denounce Ratigan as a fraud while breaking it into pieces  Realizing Ratigan's treason, the enraged crowd attacks, but Ratigan escapes on his dirigible with Fidget, holding Olivia hostage  Basil, Dawson, and Flaversham create an airship from a matchbox, balloons, and a Union Jack, and set off in pursuit  Ratigan tosses Fidget overboard to lighten the load; however, Basil jumps onto the dirigible to confront Ratigan, causing it to crash straight into Big Ben's clockface  Inside the clocktower, Basil restrains Ratigan, rescues Olivia, and safely delivers her to Flaversham  Ratigan breaks free and attacks Basil; however, when the clock strikes 10:00, the vibrations cause Ratigan to fall to his death  He attempts to take Basil with him, but Basil grabs a part of Ratigan's dirigible and saves himself  
Back at Baker Street, the group recounts their adventures  The Flavershams depart for home, and Dawson reluctantly resolves to leave as well  A new client arrives, and Basil introduces Dawson to her as his friend and investigative partner, prompting Dawson to remain and assist in Basil's future cases 

Voice cast
Barrie Ingham as Basil, a brilliant mouse detective 
Ingham also voices Bartholomew, a drunken lackey of Ratigan's 
Vincent Price as Professor Ratigan, Basil's long-established arch-enemy 
Val Bettin as Major Dr  David Q  Dawson, previously of the Queen's 66th Regiment in Afghanistan  He eventually becomes Basil's associate, friend, and personal biographer  Dawson also serves as the film's narrator 
Bettin also voices one of Ratigan's thugs 
Susanne Pollatschek as Olivia Flaversham, a young Scottish mouse who seeks Basil's help in finding her father 
Candy Candido as Fidget, Ratigan's bumbling bat right-hand henchman who has a crippled wing and a peg leg  As a result of his crippled wing, he cannot fly 
Candido also voices a reprobate in the pub 
Alan Young as Mr  Flaversham, Olivia's affectionate Scottish father who owns a toy shop 
Diana Chesney as Mrs  Judson, Basil's housekeeper who is often exasperated by his antics 
Eve Brenner as Queen Mousetoria, the mouse Queen of the United Kingdom, whom Ratigan attempts to depose 
Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes, the famous human detective who lives above Basil  His voice is taken from the 1966 Caedmon Records recording of the Sherlock Holmes story "The Red-Headed League" 
Laurie Main as Dr  Watson, the medical associate/partner of Sherlock Holmes, who also lives above Basil  Unlike Rathbone, voice samples of Nigel Bruce were not used for the voice of Watson as he had died in 1953 
Wayne Allwine, Tony Anselmo, and Walker Edmiston as Ratigan's Thugs 
Melissa Manchester as Miss Kitty Mouse, who sings "Let Me Be Good To You" 

Production
The idea of doing an animated film about Sherlock Holmes with animals was first discussed during the production of The Rescuers  Veteran layout artist Joe Hale is credited with suggesting to adapt the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus, but the project fell into development limbo because of the similarities to The Rescuers  In 1982, Ron Clements proposed adapting the children's book series into an animated feature and, along with story artist Pete Young, it was pitched to Disney President Ron Miller who approved the project  Earlier in his career, Clements created a 15-minute Sherlock Holmes animated short recorded on Super 8 film  Because the animators were displeased with the direction The Black Cauldron was heading, Basil of Baker Street was approved as an alternative project Burny Mattinson and John Musker were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was also added as co-director  Miller became the producer for the film  The first idea for the victim was for Olivia—then an older and potential love interest whom Dawson falls for, but Miller suggested the character be "a little girl, someone they [the audience] can feel sorry for " One of the dropped characters was a stool pigeon who always hung around Buckingham Palace and tipped Basil off about the skullduggery  The writers dropped the characters deciding for Basil to figure it out for himself With the departure of Miller in 1984, the board of directors appointed Michael Eisner, who had resigned from Paramount Pictures, to become the new CEO  Eisner recruited former production head Jeffrey Katzenberg to become studio chairman over Disney's film division  Following a story reel screening of Basil, Eisner and Katzenberg complained about the slow pacing of the story and ordered for rewrites before animation would commence  Although the intended release was set for Christmas 1987, Michael Eisner slashed the projected production budget at $24 million in half where it was green-lit at $10 million and moved the release date up to July 1986 giving the production team one year to complete the film  To replace Miller who had been producer, Feature Animation chairman Roy E  Disney assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer, but finding both tasks much too laborious, Mattinson decided to remain as producer  Musker and Michener remained as directors, but with the shortened production schedule, Clements became an additional director Following the box office under-performance of the 1985 Paramount/Amblin film Young Sherlock Holmes, Eisner decided to rename Basil of Baker Street into The Great Mouse Detective feeling the name "Basil" was "too English"  The re-titling of the film proved to be unpopular with the filmmakers so much that animator Ed Gombert wrote a satirical interoffice memo, allegedly by studio executive Peter Schneider, which gave preceding Disney films generic titles such as Seven Little Men Help a Girl, The Wonderful Elephant Who Could Really Fly, The Little Deer Who Grew Up, The Girl with the See-through Shoes, Two Dogs Fall in Love, Puppies Taken Away, and A Boy, a Bear and a Big Black Cat  These generic titles would later become a category on Jeopardy! 

Casting
Following a succession of American and British actors who read for the part of Basil, Royal Shakespeare actor Barrie Ingham won the role within six minutes of his audition  Val Bettin was co-director Ron Clements's first choice for Dawson  For Olivia, Susanne Pollatschek was selected over hundreds of other applicants while Alan Young, who had voiced Scrooge McDuck for Mickey's Christmas Carol, was selected to voice her father Hiriam because of his authentic Scottish brogue When the filmmakers watched the 1950 comedy film Champagne for Caesar to study Ronald Colman's performance as a possible model for Basil, they immediately decided to cast Vincent Price, who also starred in the film, as Ratigan  A veteran actor for fifty-two years, Price was willing to do an audition commenting "If anybody but Disney had asked me, I would have been offended " Following a voice test, veteran voice artist Candy Candido recorded his dialogue for Fidget in one hour  To heighten the pitch, the tape recording of his voice was sped up  Candido's natural voice was kept for one character shouting "Get off, you eight-legged bum "

Animation
Basil was first modeled on Bing Crosby, but the animators eventually took inspiration from Leslie Howard  Initially, Ratigan had been designed as thin, weasely, and ratlike  Following the screening of Champagne for Caesar, Glen Keane noted that following the casting of Price, "his expressive voice and attitude inspired us to further redesign the character " Additionally, during one story meeting, Glen Keane decided to base the stature of Ratigan on then-Disney CEO Ron Miller, who was a 6'6" former football player for the Los Angeles Rams  Furthermore, Keane lifted his personality as he was thumbing through these "photographs of people of London in the 1800s, of railroad men, and there was this one guy smoking a cigar—he had a top hat and there was just something about this guy—this Ratigan     this rat sucking the cigar, completely dressed to the hilt, he was sharp and perfect—he's a sewer rat dressed like a king and he lives as a king!" The following supervising animators included Mark Henn for Basil, Hendel Butoy for Dawson, Rob Minkoff for Olivia, Andreas Deja for Queen Moustoria, Ruben Aquino for Mrs  Judson, and Mike Gabriel for Toby and Felicia The original finale was to take place on the hands of Big Ben with Ratigan eventually falling to his demise  However, layout artist Mike Peraza approached Musker with the idea of restaging the final confrontation so the characters would break through the face of Big Ben with the grinding clockwork gears providing added menace, in which Musker agreed  Peraza's inspiration for the scene was a Japanese anime film, The Castle of Cagliostro (1979), the feature film debut of animator Hayao Miyazaki which is part of the Lupin III franchise; The Castle of Cagliostro, which Peraza was a fan of, featured a climactic scene involving characters amidst giant turning gears in a clock tower  Pereza and his team was sent to London for video reference and were granted unprecedented access to the clockworks inside Big Ben  Because the bells would chime at every quarter-hour, the team completed their research in one hour Back at the Feature Animation building, animators Phil Nibbelink and Tad Gielow spent months designing the interior of Big Ben, with each gear produced as wire-frame graphics on a computer that was printed out and traced onto animation cels onto which the colors and characters were added  The two-minute climax scene thus used computer-generated imagery (CGI), making it the first Disney film to extensively use computer animation, a fact that Disney used to promote the film during marketing The film was the last work to feature Eric Larson as an animation consultant before his retirement  Larson was the last of Disney's Nine Old Men, the group that had defined much of Disney's theatrical direction since the 1930s  The character of Dr  Dawson was modeled on Larson as a tribute 

Music
Unusually for a Disney animated feature, there was no soundtrack album released alongside the film; it was released in 1992 alongside the film's reissue under its new title by Varèse Sarabande, the only Disney cartoon to have an original soundtrack on the label to date (and the only one not to be issued under a Walt Disney imprint)  The album marked the debut of Henry Mancini for score composition of an animated feature aside from the animated opening for The Pink Panther Initially, Mancini composed a song titled "Are You the One Who Loves Me?" to serve as a parody of a Victorian British music hall  Already in rough animation, the song was recorded by Shani Wallis  However, Katzenberg and the new management desired a more contemporary song as they would help make the film more marketable  Michael Jackson was considered by Eisner to voice a character who would enter the saloon, confront Basil, and sing a song at the tavern, but the suggestion was met with uncomfortable silence for which Eisner withdrew the idea; Eisner later proposed for Madonna to perform the song  Eventually, Melissa Manchester was brought in; she wrote and performed "Let Me Be Good to You", by which the rough animation had to be re-timed and often re-animated to properly sync with the song  Mancini also co-wrote two of the film's three original songs, "The World's Greatest Criminal Mind" and "Goodbye So Soon" (both performed by Vincent Price) 

Songs
Original songs performed in the film include:

Release
During the film's initial theatrical release, the film was accompanied with the short, Clock Cleaners 

Home media
Following the theatrical re-release in February 1992, the film was released on VHS and Laserdisc in July 1992 as part of the Walt Disney Classics series  It was placed into moratorium on April 30, 1993  It was released again on VHS on August 3, 1999 (with a game sheet inside it as part of a contest) and on DVD in 2002 with a short making-of featurette  In the United Kingdom, it was first released on VHS in 1992 followed by re-releases in 1993 and 1995 
A "Mystery in the Mist Edition" of The Great Mouse Detective was released on DVD on April 13, 2010, and on Blu-ray Disc on October 9, 2012  Unlike previous home media releases, which all used the 1992 reissue title print (The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective), this DVD restored the original 1986 title card, which had previously not been seen since the original 1986 release  The DVD also has the film in its 1 78:1 widescreen aspect ratio, which brings it closer to its original theatrical aspect ratio  The Blu-ray edition is region-free and thus can be played in any region of the world  The Blu-ray was finally released in the UK on November 9, 2015, and released in France on Blu-ray on October 20, 2015 

Reception
Critical reaction
On their syndicated television show, At the Movies, the film received a "two thumbs up" rating from critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert  In his print review for The Chicago Tribune, Siskel enthusiastically praised the film as the most "truly memorable animated feature in 25 years" that "travels a wide emotional range, taking us from cuddly to scary, from recognition to wonder " Likewise, in his print review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Ebert gave the film three stars out of four in which he praised the film's animation and compared the film to that of Disney's golden age  He summarized that "the result is a movie like The Great Mouse Detective, which looks more fully animated than anything in some 30 years "London's Time Out magazine wrote, "As usual with film noir [   ] it is the villain who steals the heart and one is rooting for in the breathtaking showdown high up in the cogs and ratchets of Big Ben " Nina Darnton of The New York Times applauded that "[t]he heroes are appealing, the villains have that special Disney flair – humorous blackguards who really enjoy being evil – and the script is witty and not overly sentimental " Johanna Steinmetz, also from The Chicago Tribune, graded the film three-and-a-half stars (out of four) writing "This movie is cute, cute, cute, but it's a higher grade of cute than The Rescuers (1977) and The Fox and the Hound (1981)  The key to good Disney animation is character and facial expression, and Detective abounds in both " Alex Stewart reviewed The Great Mouse Detective for White Dwarf #83, and stated that "After their dismal fudge of The Black Cauldron, it's good to see the Disney studios taking a step, however cautious, towards the world of animation as it is today  The style is looser and more vigorous, and, in a climactic fight inside Big Ben, effectively amalgamates computer-drawn clockwork with hand-drawn characters "The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received an 80% approval rating with an average rating of 7 1/10 based on 25 reviews  The website's consensus states that "The Great Mouse Detective may not rank with Disney's classics, but it's an amiable, entertaining picture with some stylishly dark visuals " Metacritic gave the film a score of 73 based on 13 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Animation critic Charles Solomon listed this as one of the best animated films of the 1980s while singling out Keane's key work on Ratigan 

Box-office
The film grossed around $50 million worldwide against a budget of over $14 million during its initial release  Its inexpensive success after its predecessor's under-performance gave the new management of Disney confidence in the viability of their animation department, though it was surpassed at the box office by An American Tail  Re-titled as The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective, the film was re-released theatrically on February 14, 1992, where it grossed $13,288,756  The Great Mouse Detective has had a lifetime North American gross of $38 7 million across its original release and reissue 

Legacy
Basil and Professor Ratigan were characters to meet-and-greet at the Disney Parks, until both were retired after 2004 
In the television series Darkwing Duck, a little statue of Basil opened the secret passage to Darkwing's hidden base  Some of the characters from the film have recurring cameo appearances in the television series House of Mouse 
Professor Ratigan is one of the villains with a main focus in the anthology film Once Upon a Halloween  He is also one of the villains present in the board game Disney Villainous Basil of Baker Street appears as a playable character in the video game Disney Heroes: Battle Mode Additionally, in honor of Mickey Mouse's 75th anniversary, was planned a film under the title The Search for Mickey Mouse in which Mickey gets kidnapped by unknown forces, forcing Minnie Mouse to enlist Basil of Baker Street to investigate his disappearance  However, the project was cancelled after it suffered script problems 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Middletown, Kentucky
Middletown is an independent, home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States, and a former neighborhood of Louisville  The population was 7,218 at the 2010 census 
The city is also home to the main campus of the largest church in the state (and one of the country's largest Protestant churches), the Southeast Christian Church 

History
The City of Middletown was originally incorporated in 1797 by the Jefferson County Court on 500 acres of land lying on a branch of the forks of Beargrass Creek that originally belonged to Jacob Meyers and Culberth Harrison  Though there is no recorded explanation why the city was named Middletown, it is commonly believed that that name was chosen because the town was in the "middle" of the two older cities of Louisville which was founded June 24, 1778, and Shelbyville, which was founded December 20, 1792  In 1871 the Kentucky General Assembly amended the original charter to increase Middletown's boundaries 
After failing to hold elections and collect taxes after 1919, Circuit Judge McCauley Smith dissolved the city's charter on July 26, 1960, and Middletown lost its 163-year-old city status  The city's charter was restored as a sixth-class city on August 7, 1976 with a commission form of government  On July 15, 1982, this was upgraded to the status of a fourth-class city 

Geography
Middletown is located at 38°14′36″N 85°31′51″W (38 243342, -85 530842)  in northeast Jefferson County, Kentucky near Louisville, Kentucky 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5 10 square miles (13 2 km2), of which 5 04 square miles (13 1 km2) is land and 0 061 square miles (0 16 km2) (1 20%) is water 

Demographics
2010
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,218 people, 3,292 households, and 1,966 families living in the city  The population density was 1,414 9 inhabitants per square mile (546 3/km2)  There were 3,547 housing units at an average density of 695 3 per square mile (268 5/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 87 1% White (85 1% non-Hispanic), 7 1% African American, 0 11% Native American or Alaska Native, 2 8% Asian, 0 07% Pacific Islander, 0 87% from other races, and 1 9% from two or more races  Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3 2% of the population 
There were 3,292 households, out of which 26 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45 4% were married couples living together, 11 5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2 9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40 3% were non-families  35 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 19 and the average family size was 2 86 

The age distribution was 21 4% under 18, 5 7% from 18 to 24, 24 3% from 25 to 44, 30 2% from 45 to 64, and 18 4% who were 65 or older  The median age was 43 8 years  For every 100 females, there were 85 6 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80 0 males 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,744 people, 2,391 households, and 1,654 families living in the city  The population density was 1,181 4 inhabitants per square mile (456 1/km2)  There were 2,543 housing units at an average density of 523 0 per square mile (201 9/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 90 39% White, 5 54% African American, 0 30% Native American or Alaska Native, 1 44% Asian, 0 09% Pacific Islander, 0 66% from other races, and 1 58% from two or more races  Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1 50% of the population 
There were 2,391 households, out of which 33 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55 7% were married couples living together, 11 2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30 8% were non-families  26 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 40 and the average family size was 2 92 
The age distribution was 24 8% under the age of 18, 6 4% from 18 to 24, 31 1% from 25 to 44, 25 6% from 45 to 64, and 12 1% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females, there were 90 1 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84 5 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $53,608, and the median income for a family was $61,667  Males had a median income of $45,417 versus $33,135 for females  The per capita income for the city was $26,660  About 2 3% of families and 4 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3 6% of those under age 18 and 8 0% of those age 65 or over 

Education
Public education in Middletown is administered by Jefferson County Public Schools, which operates Eastern High School, Hite Elementary, Middletown Elementary, and Crosby Middle School in the Middletown area  Middletown also has multiple privately funded schools  There is also a branch of the Louisville Free Public Library 

Government Services
Anchorage-Middletown-Eastwood-Worthington fire and EMS operates out of 11 stations to provide fire protection to 90 square miles of the eastern Louisville Metro area  Middletown is also home to a small 24 hour paid police department based out of city hall  Middletown is also home to LMPD’s 8th division  EMS is serviced by the fire department and Louisville 
metro EMS 
Passage 2:
Grayson, Kentucky
Grayson is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Carter County, Kentucky, United States, on US Route 60 and Interstate 64 in the state's northeastern region   It is approximately 21 miles west of Ashland   Within the city limits, the population was 4,217 at the 2010 census  Along with Carter County, the city is closely associated with the nearby Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area and is often erroneously included  in the MSA being just 9 miles west of the M S A's western boundary 
The city has grown in size substantially since the opening of Interstate 64 in 1975 through Carter County  Immediately afterwards, Grayson experienced several years of commercial sector growth, mainly to serve the Interstate 64 traffic  Since 1990, the city has also seen significant growth in the residential sector with the Interstate making for a faster trip to and from Ashland  Beginning in 1995, AA Highway terminates in Grayson making the city a gateway to the Huntington-Ashland urban area 

History
After the Revolutionary War, George Washington's aide-de-camp Col  William Grayson received a 70,000-acre (280 km2) tract of land for his service during the war from the state of Virginia  By 1838, a small portion of this tract was set aside for the development of a town named for him  Although Grayson had only five streets and eighty lots, it was established by the General Assembly on February 6, 1844, and it was incorporated on February 22, 1860 
Grayson, Kentucky was a stop on the Eastern Kentucky Railway 

Geography
Grayson is located in east-central Carter County at 38°20′5″N 82°56′33″W (38 334738, -82 942368), along the Little Sandy River, a tributary of the Ohio River 
Route 60 passes through the city as Main Street and is intersected in downtown by Kentucky Routes 1 and 7 (Carol Malone Boulevard)  Interstate 64 runs through the northern end of the city, with access to KY 7 at Exit 172  Kentucky Route 9, the AA Highway, begins from KY 1-and-7 just north of the city limits and runs 111 miles (179 km) to the Cincinnati area  Huntington, West Virginia, is 29 miles (47 km) east of Grayson via I-64, and Lexington is 96 miles (154 km) to the west 
According to the United States Census Bureau, Grayson has a total area of 2 9 square miles (7 5 km2), of which 2 8 square miles (7 3 km2) is land and 0 039 square miles (0 1 km2), or 1 95%, is water 

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters   According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Grayson has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps  Since 2002, nine different severe storms have struck Grayson, with each storm causing enough damage to warrant federal assistance for disaster recovery 

Education
Grayson is served by the Carter County School District  Schools located within the city includes:

Heritage Elementary School
Prichard Elementary School
East Carter Middle School
East Carter High SchoolThe campus of Kentucky Christian University (formerly Kentucky Christian College) is located in Grayson 
Grayson has a lending library, a branch of the Carter County Public Library 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,877 people, 1,415 households, and 938 families residing in the city  The population density was 1,549 1 inhabitants per square mile (598 1/km2)  There were 1,538 housing units at an average density of 614 5 per square mile (237 3/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 98 32% White, 0 52% African American, 0 39% Native American, 0 28% Asian, 0 03% Pacific Islander, 0 18% from other races, and 0 28% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 77% of the population 
There were 1,415 households, out of which 31 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46 9% were married couples living together, 16 0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33 7% were non-families  31 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 31 and the average family size was 2 86 
In the city the population was spread out, with 21 9% under the age of 18, 19 0% from 18 to 24, 24 3% from 25 to 44, 18 5% from 45 to 64, and 16 3% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 32 years  For every 100 females, there were 83 0 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78 0 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $19,683, and the median income for a family was $26,280  Males had a median income of $32,022 versus $18,875 for females  The per capita income for the city was $11,879  About 27 7% of families and 31 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44 8% of those under age 18 and 22 3% of those age 65 or over 

Notable residents
Charlie Borders, former Kentucky State Senator
Jason Smith, chef, TV personality
Robin L  Webb, Kentucky State Senator and former Kentucky State Representative
Carol Malone Operatic soprano at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, San Francisco and Metropolitan Operas 
Jill York, former member of the Kentucky House of Representatives
Montana Fouts, All American softball pitcher for University of Alabama

See also
East Carter High School shooting, a school shooting that occurred in Grayson in 1993
Passage 3:
Poplar Hills, Kentucky
Poplar Hills is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States  It is a part of the Louisville Metro government, but operates as a city under the Mayor to Commissioner form of government  Per the 2020 census, the population was 380, but the city administration has made several annexation ordinances that have passed and awaits updated information  The current city population is estimated to be 2380  It currently has the highest population density for any city in Kentucky 

Geography
Poplar Hills is located in central Jefferson County at 38°10′35″N 85°41′37″W (38 176490, -85 693492)  It is bordered to the northeast by Watterson Park and on all other sides by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County  Kentucky Route 864 (Poplar Level Road) runs along the northeast border of the community  Downtown Louisville is 7 miles (11 km) to the northwest 
According to the United States Census Bureau, Poplar Hills has a total area of 0 03 square miles (0 07 km2), all land 

Demographics
2020 census
2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 396 people, 234 households, and 77 families residing in the city  The population density was 17,036 0 inhabitants per square mile (6,577 6/km2)  There were 240 housing units at an average density of 10,324 8 per square mile (3,986 4/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 40 15% White, 55 30% African American, 0 76% Asian, 1 52% from other races, and 2 27% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2 27% of the population 
There were 234 households, out of which 15 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 15 4% were married couples living together, 12 8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 66 7% were non-families  50 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 1 69 and the average family size was 2 36 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 14 4% under the age of 18, 20 7% from 18 to 24, 44 7% from 25 to 44, 17 4% from 45 to 64, and 2 8% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 28 years  For every 100 females, there were 85 9 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85 2 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $26,964, and the median income for a family was $22,000  Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $22,083 for females  The per capita income for the city was $19,879  About 19 1% of families and 19 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31 9% of those under age 18 and 46 2% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 4:
Jeffersontown, Kentucky
Jeffersontown is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States  The population was 26,595 at the 2010 U S  census 
It is a major suburb of Louisville  When the Louisville Metro government was established in 2003, Jeffersontown chose to retain its status as an independent city  It is the metro area's largest municipality outside Louisville   Locally, the city is often referred to by the abbreviated name J-town 

History
Before European exploration, this was occupied by succeeding cultures of Native Americans  They hunted the area for its rich game, including bison herds  The bison created paths through the forests and meadows for their seasonal migrations that were later used by Native Americans and, in turn, by Europeans and Americans alike 
Located in southeastern Jefferson County, along the north central border of Kentucky, Jeffersontown was initially developed in the late 1700s as a stopover and trading station for early European-American pioneers on their way to the Falls of the Ohio at Louisville  Farmers began to cultivate the rich land, which was surveyed by Thomas Bullitt in 1773 and John Floyd the next year  The Hites, Tylers, and Oldhams all settled the area under land grants given to veterans for military service following the American Revolutionary War, as the new government was cash poor In 1794, Abraham Bruner purchased 122 acres (49 ha) of land  In May 1797, he successfully petitioned the Jefferson County Fiscal Court to incorporate a 40-acre (16 ha) section of his land as the city of Jefferson – named either after the county or after Thomas Jefferson, then the vice president of the United States  The city was long known as Bruner's Town or Brunerstown by its inhabitants, but the usage Jefferson Town eventually became adopted as its present name



ground_truth: Burny Mattinson, David Michener, and the team of John Musker and Ron Clements

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who stars in the title role of a Netflix show co-created by Robert Carlock?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
List of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt episodes
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is an American sitcom created by Tina Fey and Robert Carlock, starring Ellie Kemper in the title role, that has streamed on Netflix since March 6, 2015  Originally set for a 13-episode first season on NBC for spring 2015, the show was sold to Netflix and given a two-season order  The fourth and final season concluded on January 25, 2019  On May 8, 2019, it was announced that the series would return with an interactive special, which premiered on May 12, 2020 
During the course of the series, 52 episodes of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt were released over four seasons 
The series follows 29-year-old Kimmy Schmidt (Kemper) as she adjusts to life in New York City after her rescue from a doomsday cult in Indiana where she and three other women had been held by Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne (Jon Hamm) for 15 years  Determined to be seen as something other than a victim and armed only with a positive attitude, Kimmy decides to restart her life by moving to New York City, where she quickly befriends her street-wise landlady Lillian Kaushtupper (Carol Kane), finds a roommate in struggling actor Titus Andromedon (Tituss Burgess), and gains a job as a nanny for the melancholy and out-of-touch socialite Jacqueline Voorhees (Jane Krakowski)  With their help, Kimmy struggles to adapt to an unfamiliar world and jump-start the adult life that had been taken away from her 

Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2015)
Season 2 (2016)
Season 3 (2017)
Season 4 (2018–19)
Special (2020)
Passage 2:
Robert Carlock
Robert Morgan Carlock (born September 21, 1972) is an American screenwriter and producer  He has worked as a writer for several NBC television comedies, and as a showrunner for 30 Rock, which was created by his recurring collaborator, comedian Tina Fey  He co-created Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt with Fey  He co-created the television show Mr  Mayor starring Ted Danson, again with Fey 

Early life
Carlock was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, the son of Martha and Roger Emery Carlock  Raised in Weston, Massachusetts, he graduated from Belmont Hill School in 1991 and cum laude from Harvard University in 1995, where he became president of the Fly Club, an all-male social club, and an editor for the Harvard Lampoon 

Career
Carlock began writing for the Dana Carvey Show in 1996  Following that, he was a member of the writing staff of Saturday Night Live from 1996 to 2001, contributing to 99 episodes of the show  One of his notable SNL sketches was NPR's Delicious Dish with Ana Gasteyer and Molly Shannon  In 2011, Ben and Jerry's released a new ice cream flavor based on the sketch written by Carlock and named it "Schweddy Balls" Carlock left SNL in 2001 to write for Friends in Los Angeles, working on the show until 2004 when he joined the staff of Friends spinoff Joey for two years  Carlock then moved back to New York to work on an "Untitled Tina Fey Project" in 2006, which became 30 Rock, which he wrote for and produced  He then worked on Fey's next sitcom, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, which debuted in 2015  He also wrote the screenplay for Fey's film Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016) 
Carlock has won several awards for his work on 30 Rock, including Primetime Emmys, Writers Guild of America Awards, and Producers Guild of America Awards, as well as being named one of the top 50 power showrunners of 2011 In 2021, Carlock co-created the series Mr  Mayor with Fey which premiered on NBC on January 7, 2021  The series has received generally positive reviews from critics  In April 2021, the series was renewed for a second season 

Personal life
On December 31, 2001, Carlock married Jennifer Nielsen Rogers, a Wellesley graduate and former CNNfn producer/reporter  Rogers now works as an anchor for Yahoo Finance  She was previously an anchor and reporter for Reuters TV 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
In addition to winning three Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series, Carlock has been nominated for the Emmys' individual writing award three times  He has won multiple Producers’ Guild and Writers’ Guild Awards as well as recognition from the American Film Institute  His work on 30 Rock also garnered Carlock a Peabody Award, a Television Critics Association Award, a GLAAD Award, a Gold Plaque from the Hugo Television Awards, a Golden Nymph from the Monaco Film and Television Festival, a Bravo A-List Award, some award that's shaped like a Calder stabile, a Comedy Central Comedy Award, and a Golden Globe The following awards are categorized under the year they were announced (and not necessarily the year covered by the award ceremony) 
Passage 3:
Live Show
"Live Show" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, and the 84th episode overall  It was directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller, and co-written by series creator Tina Fey and co-showrunner and executive producer Robert Carlock  The episode originally aired live on the NBC television network in the United States on October 14, 2010, with separate versions for the East and West Coast television audiences  "Live Show" featured appearances by Rachel Dratch, Bill Hader, Matt Damon, Jon Hamm, and Julia Louis-Dreyfus 
30 Rock follows the production of the fictional sketch comedy program The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan (TGS)  In this episode, on the night of a show, head writer Liz Lemon grows increasingly infuriated when no one seems to remember her 40th birthday  Just before TGS's live taping, Tracy Jordan decides to break character, to his co-workers' chagrin  Meanwhile, television executive Jack Donaghy struggles with the consequences of his promise to give up drinking while his girlfriend Avery Jessup is pregnant with their child 
"Live Show" was an experiment for 30 Rock—filming with a multiple-camera setup before a studio audience to broadcast live—and the episode received positive reviews for its boldness as well as the nostalgia it showed for classic sitcom conventions and meta-humor—for instance, guest star Louis-Dreyfus portrays Liz Lemon in some cutaway scenes where it would be physically impossible for series regular Fey to be on two separate stages at once  The episode was also a ratings success, improving upon the audience that 30 Rock had grown since its previous season 
On June 22, 2020, it was revealed that the East Coast version would be one of the episodes being pulled from syndication due to issues with the presence of blackface and other racially insensitive humor, however, the West Coast version would remain since it did not include the offending scene 

Plot
Liz Lemon—the head writer of The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan (TGS)—is preparing to air another episode of TGS, but is angry that her co-workers have forgotten her 40th birthday  Tracy Jordan frustrates her further by deciding to break character during the show's live broadcast in an homage to The Carol Burnett Show  TGS co-star Jenna Maroney is determined to not let Tracy upstage her and declares she will have a deliberate wardrobe malfunction and bare her breast on live television if Tracy does not stop  As the show goes awry due to Tracy and Jenna's unprofessionalism, Liz is forced to cut away from their regularly scheduled programming to commercials for Dr  Leo Spaceman's new album of erotic ballads to cure erectile dysfunction and Drew Baird's public service announcement for hand-transplant surgery 
Meanwhile, Jack Donaghy struggles with a promise that he made to his girlfriend Avery Jessup—he will not drink alcohol during her entire pregnancy in a show of solidarity with her  Instead, he takes up knitting and stage magic, but finds the urge to drink so strong that he begins sniffing paint cans and Jenna's breath just to get a whiff of alcohol  During TGS, Liz gets a phone call from her boyfriend airline pilot Carol informing her that he is going through extreme turbulence and may crash his plane 
In the final act of the show, Jack conspires with the cast and crew to give Liz a last-minute birthday surprise which he wants to appear as though it had been planned all along  Meanwhile, Carol safely lands his plane and rushes to greet Liz on set  All they can muster on short notice is a polka band and a large cake with Fonzie on it—gifts that were intended to celebrate janitor Jadwiga's birthday  Jagwida proceeds to ruin the TGS goodnights and tear into the cake with her bare hands  In Jack's office, Liz and Jack share a drink as Liz's birthday wish  In the final scene, as Jack takes a drink, the program reverts to a pre-recorded segment and Jack says, "That's more like it " The episode ends with a live goodnight from its cast on the TGS stage, a la Saturday Night Live 

Production
"Live Show" was co-written by series creator, executive producer, and lead actress Fey and co-showrunner and executive producer Robert Carlock  It was directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller, a long-time television director who worked with Fey on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live 
On July 30, 2010, the NBC network announced that an episode of 30 Rock's fifth season would be filmed and broadcast live on two occasions in the evening of October 14, 2010  The decision was made in part due to lagging ratings for all of NBC's Must-See TV line-up  The idea was originally conceived during the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, when the cast performed two live versions of the season two episode "Secrets and Lies" as a benefit at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in New York City  When asked by Entertainment Weekly the reason for doing a live episode, Fey said "[The live performance] was what made us think that it would be fun to do [a live episode]  And how far we've come    Now we're going to do it on TV " In this same interview, Fey revealed that the episode would also be performed in front of a live audience  "It will be exciting for us to do it for a live audience and see if we get live laughter " Fey noted that the experience "was so fun to feel the different timing of the show live and the audience response, which you just don't get in a single-camera show " In another interview, Fey revealed that the staff have talked about doing a live show for years "because we felt we had sort of interesting personnel for it " Following the conclusion of the writers' strike they spoke to NBC about performing live and attempted to film it during the fourth season; however, they were unable to schedule it  For the fifth season, the writing staff began planning the live performance and waited until McCarthy-Miller—a recurring 30 Rock director—was available to helm it  Fey and Carlock said in separate discussions that another decision to do this episode of 30 Rock was based on the cast having theater and improvisation experience  Alec Baldwin had previously performed in the East and West live broadcasts of the Will & Grace season 8 premiere episode, "Alive and Schticking" 
Prior to the broadcast, the cast rehearsed "Live Show" for three days and had one rehearsal before a live audience the day of broadcast  The two separate broadcasts of the episode resulted in a live telecast to American viewers in both the East and West Coasts of the United States (with viewers in the Central Time Zone receiving the East Coast feed live, per standard U S  broadcasting practice)—the crew briefly considered a third broadcast for the Mountain Time Zone, but decided against it  The initial East Coast broadcast included a theme song sung by Jane Krakowski and the later West Coast version's song was performed by Cheyenne Jackson—the two also performed to warm-up the crowd in the rehearsal  In addition, the two episodes had a few scripted differences, such as the lyrics to Spaceman's song, Liz Lemon mocking Jack Donaghy's office assistant Jonathan by referring to him as a character from Slumdog Millionaire in the East Coast broadcast and as Aladdin in the West Coast airing, and the subtitle in the Fox News skit  Additionally, the fictional commercial that featured Drew Baird is different—in the East Coast broadcast he is given a hand transplant from an executed black man; in the West Coast broadcast he has a woman's hand  This episode marks Rachel Dratch's first appearance on 30 Rock since season one, and her first work since giving birth to her son Eli on August 24, 2010 The DVD includes the West Coast version as a bonus feature, but not the entire East Coast version  Instead, the primary version of the episode as presented on DVD is edited together from both East and West, trimmed for time (some scenes are missing and some transitions and awkward pauses are shortened), and presented with standard cast and crew credits (as opposed to the SNL-style crawl), presumably to fit standard rerun length and format  The mix-and-match episode uses the West Coast version for most of the first seven-and-a-half minutes (except Jenna's East Coast title sequence), cuts Jenna's "It's Your Birthday, Slut" sequence and the second Yadwiga scene ("sit on it") entirely, and uses West for various short parts (including, most likely, part of the Fox News sketch preparation, half a minute before Carol's phone call, a minute from the last few moments of the call to "I will slip a nip", the first twenty seconds of Jack's paint can sniffing scene, Jenna's nip slip threat before the second commercial ("to commercial go!"), possibly Jack's Capital One plug, and the last seventy seconds or so of the birthday cake scene)  It doesn't use the West Coast version for the next moments of the paint can scene where Jack's grammar is corrected  As a result, some differences outlined in the other Alternate Versions entry won't be available to anyone with the DVD, including the Slumdog Millionaire variant listed above and many flubs and goofs 

Connection with television tropes
As the live broadcast of "Live Show" was recorded with TV cameras edited live to video rather than film stock, the video quality for this episode was noticeably different from standard episodes of 30 Rock  Jack acknowledges this at the start of the episode by asking why everything looks like a "Mexican soap opera " Throughout the episode, the characters broke the fourth wall: Tracy Jordan's unprofessional acting within the TGS episode, Jack's references to the video quality, Julia Louis-Dreyfus' portrayal of Liz in cut-away sequences, and the re-hashing of standard sitcom plot elements In addition, there were several connections with SNL: Fey, Morgan, Dratch, Bill Hader, Louis-Dreyfus, Parnell, and director McCarthy-Miller are all SNL alumni (fellow alumnus Will Ferrell was asked to reprise his recurring "Bitch Hunter" character, but had a scheduling conflict); the show was filmed in SNL's Studio 8H before a live audience; the ending sequence was a good night from the cast while the credits scrolled (and the credits used the same font as SNL); and promos leading up to the episode were voiced by long-time SNL announcer Don Pardo  The music for the episode—both for the TGS sequences and incidental underscore—was provided live by the SNL house band under the direction of Fey's husband Jeff Richmond and Leon Pendarvis  Furthermore, long-time SNL producer Lorne Michaels attended the rehearsal and performances to give his advice  Each commercial break during the show was predicated on an emergency commercial break on TGS, including a fictional commercial and a fake NBC technical difficulties screen 

Blackface scene
The "blackface" scene is a short skit where a white male character (Jon Hamm), who had both hands replaced with hooks, having lost them in accidents, announces he has been the recipient of a hand transplant  However, as in a horror movie, the transplanted hand has a mind of its own and acts independently  In the East Coast version, the transplanted hand is from a black male executed criminal  In the West Coast version, the transplanted hand is from a white female who lost it in an explosion at a Josh Groban concert 

Reception
"Live Show" drew in the largest audience for 30 Rock, season five, with 6 701 million viewers, and reached a season high 3 1 Nielsen rating/9% share with adults 18–49, which was a 43% increase over the previous episode and a 15% increase from the season premiere; it trailed CBS competitor and timeslot leader $h*! My Dad Says by 0 1  This rating was the show's highest since December 10, 2009, episode "Secret Santa" and the highest overall for NBC in the 8:30 p m  Thursday timeslot for non-sports events since December 2009 Critical reception of the episode was largely positive  Emily St  James of The A V  Club gave the episode an A−, noting the nostalgia for classic television and specifically three-camera sitcoms that this episode displayed  While the pace and tone of "Live Show" were different from a standard episode of 30 Rock, the author considers this episode, "an experiment, as a weird hybrid of 30 Rock, an old sitcom, and Saturday Night Live" and ultimately a success  James Poniewozik of Time also wrote that the episode was uneven, but successful as a tribute to television  TV Squad's Bob Sassone was impressed by the episode, specifically Fey's performance and Louis-Dreyfus' imitation of Liz Lemon  Other positive reviews have noted the lack of mistakes in the comic timing and performance, the strength of the guest stars, and the performers' ability to keep up the pace that is expected in a 30 Rock episode  Frazier Moore of the Associated Press gave the episode a negative review, calling it "vaudevillian" and "a slice of self-indulgence and excess " Mark Perigard of the Boston Herald considered the episode "so-so" due to its "humdrum script " As a live television experiment, reviewers have considered it a success, particularly in reference to other live broadcast experiments, such as NBC drama ER's 1997 episode "Ambush" and SNL, with Entertainment Weekly declaring it "like SNL, only funny " In reviewing the best television programs of 2010, The A V  Club named 30 Rock number 18 and cited this episode as amongst the best of the year  McCarthy-Miller was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for this episode On March 21, 2012, Baldwin announced in an interview with Extra that a second live episode—"Live from Studio 6H"—would air the following April 26 
Passage 4:
Episode 210
The untitled tenth episode of the second season of the television series 30 Rock was first broadcast in the United States on January 10, 2008, on the NBC network  The episode was written by show runner Robert Carlock and Donald Glover, and was directed by Richard Shepard  Guest stars include Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, Edie Falco, Toby Huss and Gladys Knight, who appeared as herself  The episode focuses on Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) and her decision to invest in real-estate, Jack Donaghy's (Alec Baldwin) choice between his job and his girlfriend, and Kenneth Parcell's (Jack McBrayer) addiction to coffee The production and broadcasting of this episode was heavily affected by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike  Despite never being officially named by NBC, Episode 210 has been unofficially titled "Liz the Business Woman" and "Coffee & TV"  Although not unanimously praised by critics, the episode attracted generally positive reviews and was particularly appreciated for its cast's rendition of the 1973 Gladys Knight & the Pips hit "Midnight Train to Georgia"  Liz also sings a snippet of Alanis Morissette's "You Oughta Know" when leaving a message for the co-op board 

Plot
Liz takes Jack's advice to invest in real estate, and Jenna Maroney tells Liz that her business manager is selling his apartment  The sale is subject to the approval of the building's cooperative board, but Liz makes a bad impression and her purchase offer is rejected  Liz gets herself drunk and makes numerous phone calls to the board 
Jack is involved in negotiations to acquire a German cable television network, but is struggling to juggle his job and his relationship with C C , whose work as a congresswoman keeps her busy in Washington D C  Unable to see each other when they want to, the couple decide to "meet in the middle" (in a betting parlor in Pennsylvania), but this arrangement proves unsuitable and they later decide to break up  Jack, in conversation with Liz, compares his relationship to Liz's previous relationship with Floyd, and Liz declares in song that she has to go Tracy Jordan buys a coffee machine and puts it on Kenneth Parcell's desk, causing him to develop a caffeine addiction  Comparing New York to Sodom, Kenneth claims that he has been "sodomized," and feels guilty that he has let New York change him, contrary to a promise he made to his mother  He therefore decides to return to Georgia on the midnight train; however, he quickly returns, explaining that the train was actually departing at 11:45 and he missed it 

Production
Parts of this episode were filmed during the week of November 5, 2007, which coincided with the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike  The strike, which began at 00:01 EST on November 5, 2007, did not affect the episode as it had been written earlier and filming was finished on November 9  Members of Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America, West voted to end the writers' strike on February 12, 2008, and although writers were allowed to return to work on the same day, Robert Carlock returned to work on February 11  The remaining writers resumed work on February 13, which began the production of the next episode, "MILF Island"  During the filming, actor and executive producer Tina Fey had to balance her duties in order not to breach WGA strike rules  Fey also took to the picket lines along with co-star Jack McBrayer  Alec Baldwin wrote blogs on The Huffington Post website in order to demonstrate his support for the WGA writers Episode 210 was broadcast on January 10, 2008 and was the final episode, including repeats, of 30 Rock to be broadcast until the episode "MILF Island" in April  This episode is also notable for being officially unnamed; NBC billed this episode on its press releases as "Episode 210"  This led some critics to give it the unofficial title of "Liz the Business Woman", while others named it "Coffee & TV" 

Reception
On its original broadcast in the United States, Episode 210 was viewed by 6 0 million viewers and earned a 2 8/7 in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic  This means that it was seen by 2 8% of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 7% of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast Entertainment Weekly's Jeff Labrecque wrote "the episode really finished strong with a fabulous Gladys Knight musical number"  Matt Webb Mitovich of TV Guide also praised the musical number, saying "that 'Midnight Train to Georgia' number at the end of tonight's episode    Wow  So out of nowhere and so fun " Bob Sassone of AOL's TV Squad said that the episode "was a good episode to go into the hiatus with, if that makes things better"  He criticized the fact that the fictional TGS writing staff was not present in this episode, even though they could have been effectively used  Michael Neal of Television Without Pity awarded the episode a grading of A+  The Boston Globe's Joanna Weiss reviewed the episode positively, saying "[the episode] concluded with a musical interlude that was both hilarious and wistful" Despite the good reviews, there was no universal acclaim from critics as a whole  Robert Canning of IGN said that "[this episode] wasn't the most spectacular half-hour from this truncated season" and "unfortunately, there wasn't all that much that was funny about it  Sure, there were a couple of decent one-liners, but overall [Kenneth's storyline] offered up nothing new " Despite these criticisms, Canning added further praise to the "Midnight Train to Georgia" performance  Canning gave this episode a rating of 8 4 out of 10 Edie Falco was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for this episode 

See also
2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike
Effect of the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike on television
Passage 5:
Azie Mira Dungey
Azie Mira Dungey is an American actress, producer, and writer  She wrote and played the lead role in the comedic web series "Ask a Slave," and is currently, "     writing a book as a follow-up to the series " Dungey also wrote for the Emmy nominated Netflix series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt and Girls5eva, both produced by Tina Fey and Robert Carlock  She also wrote and produced on Sweetbitter  on Starz based on the bestselling novel of the same title by Stephanie Danler  Dungey wrote and hosted on Season 1 of Say It Loud, an educational series for PBS Digital  In 2019, she was executive producer and writer for Lena Waithe's Twenties,  a sit-com on BET and Showtime, as well as the Tracy Oliver and Amy Poehler produced comedy series, Harlem for Amazon Studios 

Early life and education
Dungey was born in Washington, DC  She spent her early childhood in Philadelphia, PA and later moved to Maryland where she attended middle and high school  She was a drama major at New York University, graduating from the Tisch School of the Arts Dungey is Pamunkey (also Mattaponi) and a very active member of the Native community  The tribe's enrollment policies that excluded members who married or had children with African Americans was exposed by the Congressional Black Caucus during their recognition process in 2013  Dungey comes from a family that was victim to Pamunkey anti-Black tribal law and they are currently seeking enrollment 

Career
Dungey took part in a number of theatre productions in Washington, DC, including The Walworth Farce at Studio Theatre Dungey performed the role of a slave as part of an ongoing historical reenactment of life at the Mount Vernon plantation in Virginia, USA, once owned by President George Washington  Part of her job was to answer tourists' questions about slavery while staying in character  She worked there part-time for nearly two years from 2010 to 2012 In 2013, Dungey moved to Los Angeles  She then wrote the script for a web series called Ask a Slave, and performed the lead role, that of Lizzie Mae, a slave   The series includes actual incidents from her experiences on the plantation  The series has received more than two million views As a result, Salon magazine listed her as one of 10 black women SNL could hire 
Passage 6:
Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning
"Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning" is the twelfth episode of the fifth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock  It was written by executive producer Robert Carlock  The director of this episode was Beth McCarthy-Miller  It originally aired on NBC in the United States on January 27, 2011  Guest stars in this episode include Robert De Niro, Lester Holt, Sherri Shepherd, and Dean Winters 
In the episode, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) decides to pre-tape a celebrity benefit for a natural disaster, but his plan goes terribly wrong  Meanwhile, Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) continues to drive Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) crazy with his irresponsibility  However, when a reality show camera crew starts to follow Tracy around, Liz tries to use it to her advantage 
"Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning" was universally well received and praised by television critics  According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was watched by 4 922 million households during its original broadcast, and received a 2 4 rating/7 share among viewers in the 18–49 demographic 

Plot
Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) and Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) watch the installation of a large Kabletown sign on 30 Rockefeller Plaza  No longer a GE employee and now working for Kabletown, Jack decides to conquer this new phase in his life just as he did before  After researching, he finds that the most watched reality programs of the past five years are celebrity benefits for natural disasters  Since all the networks air benefits at the same time, no one network has an advantage nor dominates in the ratings  To combat this, Jack decides to pre-tape a benefit to air on the night of the next natural disaster  When a disaster devastates an island called Mago, Jack is ecstatic until he finds out that the island is owned by the infamous troubled actor, Mel Gibson  Regardless, the event is a success 
Meanwhile, Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) pushes Liz's buttons as usual by not showing up to rehearsals and leaving work to do something insane  However, Tracy's demeanor instantly changes when a camera crew starts to follow him around for his wife's new reality show  He starts to act responsible and respectful in front of the cameras, as he wants to avoid ruining his chances of winning an Oscar  Liz has the idea to use Tracy's fake good behavior to get him to do things he blew off in the past, knowing that he can't refuse while taped  This works until Tracy finds a loophole  When Liz tries to get Tracy to do more things, he refuses and insults Liz to the melody of "Uptown Girl" by Billy Joel  Since the song is copyrighted, any footage containing that song can't be used  Therefore, Tracy's irresponsibility wouldn't be aired on the show  Liz tries to outcrazy him with autotune, but she later realizes that she can't match his insanity  They finally talk it out alone and each argues that the other person would have been a failure without their help  Nevertheless, cameras manage to film this and Tracy and Liz refuse to make up  However, when the show edits their various confrontations and uses two look-alikes to create a make up scene along to the song "Secrets" by OneRepublic, both Liz and Tracy are moved to tears and make up for real 

Cultural references
This episode continues to satirize the acquisition of NBC by Comcast  Liz tries to tell Jack what a Snart is (which is to sneeze and fart simultaneously) because it is ten o'clock  This refers 30 Rock's move from the 8:30 pm to the 10:00 pm timeslot  Tracy plans to get an island like Nicolas Cage, Celine Dion, and Charles Widmore, the latter being a fictional character from Lost  The whole cast of TGS is being filmed by the cameras of Angie Jordan's (wife of Tracy) new reality show, Queen of Jordan, which Jack commissioned in the previous episode, "Mrs  Donaghy"  Eventually, an episode of 30 Rock was filmed as an episode of "Queen of Jordan" 
The episode references the ongoing storyline of Liz's desire to become a mother when Kenneth gives Liz a memo he could not put in her mailbox because it was full of unread adoption materials  This story first began in the show's first season and continued in the third season Tracy and Liz fight in several ways, all of them involving masking their arguments in ways that cannot be used in the reality show for copyright reasons, such as singing along with the Billy Joel song "Uptown Girl" or wearing a New York Rangers goalie mask 
Jack films a pre-taped disaster event special, which he uses when a hurricane strikes Mago Island  This backfires because there were only two victims  The victims were the island's owner, actor Mel Gibson, who was highly publicized for his personal troubles, and his guest, Jon Gosselin 
While considering his new position as a Kabletown executive, Jack mentions "stout Cortez" and quotes the poem "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" by John Keats  Tracy later also mentions feeling like "Stout Cortez," but this time in reference to his gardener 

Reception
According to Nielsen Media Research, "Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning" was watched by 4 922 million households in its original American broadcast  It earned a 2 4 rating/7 share in the 18–49 demographic  This means that it was seen by 2 4 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 7 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast  This was a decrease from the previous episode, "Mrs  Donaghy", which was watched by 5 338 million American viewers  It turned out to be the most-watched episode of the show until the series finale on January 31, 2013 
Passage 7:
Kidney Now!
"Kidney Now!" is the twenty-second episode and season finale of the third season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, and the 58th overall episode of the series  It was directed by series producer Don Scardino, and written by show producers Jack Burditt and Robert Carlock  The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on May 14, 2009  Guest stars in this episode include Alan Alda, Kay Cannon, Donald Glover, Napiera Groves, Chris Parnell, Paula Pell, and Sherri Shepherd  In addition, "Kidney Now!" featured many musical guest stars including Clay Aiken, Elvis Costello, Mary J  Blige, Sheryl Crow, the Beastie Boys (Mike D and Ad Rock), Steve Earle, Adam Levine, Sara Bareilles, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Talib Kweli, Michael McDonald, Rhett Miller, Moby, Robert Randolph, Rachael Yamagata and Cyndi Lauper, all as themselves In the episode, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) gets to know his newly discovered father, Milton Greene (Alda), but quickly learns that Milton needs a kidney transplant, and discovers he is not a suitable donor  As a result, Jack decides to use the liberal media to find an alternate way to get him a kidney donor  Meanwhile, people seek Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) out as a relationship expert as a result of her "Dealbreaker" sketches, and Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) helps Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) deal with his embarrassment over not finishing high school 
The song "He Needs a Kidney" was written by show composer and co-executive producer Jeff Richmond  The concept of doing a charity concert was based on Robert Carlock and series creator Tina Fey wanting to include a musical performance in the episode with the Milton Greene character in need of a kidney donor  Carlock and Fey wanted "He Needs a Kidney" to be similar to the 1985 charity song, "We Are the World"  Following the airing of this 30 Rock episode, NBC released the musical performance video of "He Needs a Kidney" on iTunes with all proceeds from the sales going to the National Kidney Foundation "Kidney Now!" was generally well received among television critics  According to the Nielsen Media Research, this episode was watched by 5 7 million viewers  Jack Burditt and Robert Carlock were nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the category for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series for their work in this episode  In addition, Tony Pipitone and Griffin Richardson received a Creative Arts Emmy Award nomination in the category for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (half-hour) and Animation 

Plot
Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) gets to know his newly discovered father, Milton Greene (Alan Alda) but soon discovers Milton has a serious medical condition and is in search of a kidney donor  After discovering he is an unsuitable donor by Dr  Leo Spaceman (Chris Parnell), Jack uses his contacts—musicians Clay Aiken, Sara Bareilles, the Beastie Boys (Mike D and Ad-Rock), Mary J  Blige, Elvis Costello, Sheryl Crow, Steve Earle, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Talib Kweli, Cyndi Lauper, Adam Levine, Michael McDonald, Rhett Miller, Moby, Robert Randolph, and Rachael Yamagata—to arrange a charity benefit entitled "Kidney Now!" in attempt to find a donor for Milton 
Meanwhile, Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) gains notoriety after making an appearance on The Vontella Show, along with Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski), as a relationship expert after her "Dealbreaker" sketches on the fictitious comedy sketch show The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan (TGS)  As a result of the success she received as the relationship expert on The Vontella Show, Liz becomes more well known and begins dispensing relationship advice to the female staff of TGS, and to Angie Jordan (Sherri Shepherd) and Paula Hornberger (Paula Pell), the wives of TGS star Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) and producer Pete Hornberger (Scott Adsit), respectively  Though, Tracy and Pete are upset with the advice Liz gave to their wives, Liz blows them off and goes to Quizno's to meet with an agent to write a prospective Dealbreaker book  The deal goes through and Liz tells Jack that she is "getting [hers] "
At the same time, Tracy is invited to speak at the graduation ceremony of his former high school (named after Frank Lucas, the infamous Harlem drug lord)  NBC page and friend Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) tries to help him overcome troubling memories from his high school experience  Kenneth persuades Tracy to go to the graduation, which he does, where Tracy gives his speech and receives an honorary diploma 

Production
"Kidney Now!" was directed by series producer Don Scardino, and written by 30 Rock producers Jack Burditt and Robert Carlock  This was Burditt and Carlock's fourth script collaboration, having penned the episodes "Cleveland", "Subway Hero", and "Sandwich Day"  This was Scardino's twenty-first directed episode  "Kidney Now!" originally aired on NBC in the United States on May 14, 2009, as the twenty-second episode and season finale of the show's third season and the 58th overall episode of the series 

"Kidney Now!" was first read by its cast on March 5, 2009; it was filmed on March 16–17, 2009  "He Needs a Kidney", the charity song featured in this episode, was written by show composer and co-executive producer Jeff Richmond  Richmond is married to series creator, executive producer and lead actress Tina Fey  In discussion of the development of "Kidney Now!", Richmond said that Carlock and Fey "were trying to figure out a way to highlight Jack's dad in getting a kidney and how they're going to deal with that", and that the two came to the decision to "take advantage of the singing", as they have done so in the past with different 30 Rock episodes, in which the show's characters have sung songs  Carlock and Fey agreed to the idea that a song be included in the season finale, but that it be an anthem like the 1985 charity song, "We Are the World",  as the cause is that the Milton Greene character is in need of a kidney donor  "Basically, the parameters were if 'We Are the World' but they want to get a kidney  I think we had angles that everyone has two kidneys and you'll only need one kidney, and we thought 'Alright, we'll get some distance on that'", said Richmond  While working on the track, Fey suggested to Richmond that he incorporate Milton Greene's name in one part of the song, which he did, as this was sung by singers Cyndi Lauper and Robert Randolph Giancarlo Vulcano, a music editor and associate arranger on the show, revealed that Richmond taught him the song one morning at Silvercup Studios—where the show is filmed—and they played the first half of "He Needs a Kidney" at the script's read-through  According to Vulcano, the 30 Rock staff loved the song and the two were satisfied with the reception of it  While arranging the instrumentation, Richmond hired violinists for the episode's background music and for "He Needs a Kidney", which according to him he usually does not get the opportunity to have a lot of violin sounds on the show  The recording sessions with the musical guests took place on Stage 1 at Silvercup Studios; Stage 1 serves as the set for TGS with Tracy Jordan, a fictitious comedy sketch show featured on 30 Rock  Richmond and Vulcano were complimentary towards the musicians—Clay Aiken, Sara Bareilles, the Beastie Boys (Mike D and Ad-Rock), Mary J  Blige, Elvis Costello, Sheryl Crow, Steve Earle, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Talib Kweli, Cyndi Lauper, Adam Levine, Michael McDonald, Rhett Miller, Moby, Robert Randolph, and Rachael Yamagata—who performed "He Needs a Kidney"  In the DVD commentary for this episode, Richmond believed that the entire song would not make it into the airing  Elvis Costello was once approached to do an appearance on 30 Rock, but the appearance fell-through  At an Oscar's after party, Fey ran into Costello and asked him if he could appear, which he agreed to  According to Fey, none of the music artists got paid to appear on the show as "they all did [it] for free " The reason for this was due to a joke in the song in which Sheryl Crow was the only individual to get paid, as the rest said they did it for free  Following the broadcast of this episode of 30 Rock, the musical performance video was made available for digital download on iTunes with all the proceeds from the sales going to the National Kidney Foundation 

According to Fey, there were discussions on whether or not to use a real talk show host from New York, for the "Dealbreakers" segment, but ultimately decided to make one up and went with actress Napiera Groves who plays talk show host Vontella in "Kidney Now!"  The Tracy character plot was based on Tracy Morgan who in real-life was given a diploma by his former high school, DeWitt Clinton High School  Like the Tracy character, who dropped out of high school after being asked to dissect a frog, Morgan dropped out of DeWitt Clinton when his father became ill  Jack and Liz's scene, along with Tracy and Kenneth's, at the end where they watch the charity concert, was filmed the day before the musical number took place  "They were pretending to look at the singing", revealed Fey  They forced that shot in so that the episode not just end with the performance Professor Milton Greene was played by guest actor Alan Alda, best known for his role as Hawkeye Pierce from the television series M*A*S*H  This was Alda's second appearance, having appeared in the previous episode "Mamma Mia"  In a scene of "Kidney Now!", Tracy breaks down crying and says "There is no baby  I was chicken! I was chicken!" then Milton, who sees this, asks "A guy crying about a chicken and a baby? I thought this was a comedy show " This was a reference to Alda's M*A*S*H character in the series finale episode in which Hawkeye breaks down after realizing he had seen a woman smother her baby to death, not a chicken as Hawkeye had originally recalled in his repressed mind  Comedian actor Chris Parnell, who played Dr  Leo Spaceman in the season finale, has appeared in the main cast of Saturday Night Live (SNL), a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States  Fey was the head writer on SNL from 1999 until 2006  Comedian actress Sherri Shepherd reprised her role as Angie Jordan, the wife of Tracy, for the fifth time  Paula Pell made her second guest spot as the character Paula Hornberger, the wife of Pete Hornberger, played by Scott Adsit  In "Kidney Now!", Angie and Paula ask Liz for relationship advice  In addition, 30 Rock writers Jack Burditt, Kay Cannon, and Donald Glover appear in the episode; Burditt and Cannon appear in The Vontella Show segment as members from the audience who ask Liz questions  When Tracy accepts an honorary diploma from his former high school, in his speech, Tracy outs Glover's character  The success of the benefit concert for Milton is not explicitly referenced until Alda's character alludes to it in the season five episode "Christmas Attack Zone", though in the season four episode "Into the Crevasse", Milton is shown to have finished his book entitled From Peanut to President, a biography of U S  President Jimmy Carter One filmed scene from "Kidney Now!" was cut out from the airing  Instead, the scene was featured on 30 Rock's season three DVD as part of the deleted scenes in the Bonus feature  In the scene, Liz enters the TGS writer's room, and tells the writing staff that she got recognized from her appearance on The Vontella Show as the relationship expert from "Dealbreakers"  Pete cannot believe that Liz gave actual relationship advice on the program, citing Liz's own past relationship faults 

Reception
According to the Nielsen Media Research, "Kidney Now!" was watched by 5 7 million viewers during its original United States broadcast  The rating was an 8 percent drop in viewership from the previous week's episode, "Mamma Mia", which was seen by 6 2 million American viewers  The show claimed a 2 8 rating/7 share among viewers aged 18 to 49, meaning that 2 8 percent of all people in that group, and 7 percent of all people from that group watching television at the time, watched the episode  Jack Burditt and Robert Carlock received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series for their work on "Kidney Now!", but they lost it to fellow 30 Rock writer Matt Hubbard for the episode "Reunion" at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards  At the same awards show, Tony Pipitone and Griffin Richardson were nominated for a Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (half-hour) and Animation IGN contributor Robert Canning wrote that the ending from this episode "did have a season finale feel to it with the big musical number  [   ] Still, it was a great season, and I loved going out with two of the best characters on TV summing up the moment perfectly – Liz: 'We sure had quite a year ' Jack: 'What are you talking about? It's May '" Canning gave it an 8 5 out of 10 rating  Television columnist Alan Sepinwall for The Star-Ledger wrote that the "all-star cast of musicians" featured were not able to dominate the episode "to the point where the episode didn't work " Sepinwall, however, added that despite "Kidney Now!" not being a classic 30 Rock episode "it was [still] funny enough – which, I suppose, also makes it an appropriate finale for this uneven season " Further in the review, Sepinwall was complimentary towards Liz's plot, writing that the character's sequence on The Vontella Show was "hilarious, and a fine demonstration of how much confidence Tina Fey has gained as an actress over the years " The A V  Club's Nathan Rabin also enjoyed the Liz character, reporting that she "delivered a virtuoso performance in [The Vontella Show], instantly homing in on the fatal flaw in every relationship and obliterating it with highly quotable sass " In discussion to Tracy's plot, Rabin opined it was the "weakest of the various threads" in this episode  Bob Sassone of AOL's TV Squad confessed in his recap that he was going to summarize "Kidney Now!" as "a little disappointing, but then I hit rewind on my DVR and watched it again and realized, wow, they actually hit all of the season finale notes rather perfectly [   ] This episode was quite funny "Rick Porter of Zap2it worried how the series would fit in "the likes" of Elvis Costello, Mary J  Blige, Sheryl Crow, Clay Aiken and Adam Levine "without it overwhelming the episode", and reported that the answer to that "turned out to be 'very effectively '" In regards to the storylines, itself, he noted that Jack's quest in getting Milton a kidney "balanced nicely" with Liz's story, and that Tracy's "had some good moments"  In conclusion, Porter wrote "For a show that doesn't always know how to end episodes, it's done really well at ending seasons " TV Guide Magazine's Sandra Kofler wrote that the "He Needs a Kidney" song was hilarious, and that it "stole [30 Rock's] season finale " Patrick Goldstein, a contributor for the Los Angeles Times, was favorable to the musical number, reporting "[t]he song itself is a hoot, highlighted by a wonderful spoken-word kidney donation pitch that begins with Costello saying: 'Listen, when someone starts talking in the middle of a song, you know it's serious '" Entertainment Weekly contributor Annie Barrett said "Kidney Now!" was "sweet and all", and noted that the "Vontella-as-Tyra spoof" was "brilliant"  Time contributor James Poniewozik wrote that this episode "was a fitting end for a guest-star-heavy     season of 30 Rock", but added that the finale overall was "maybe average", however, "the ending at least delivered the goods, with the best sitcom celebrity benefit song" 
Passage 8:
100 (30 Rock)
"100" is a double episode of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, comprising the 20th and 21st episodes of the fifth season, and the 100th and 101st episodes overall of the series  It was written by Jack Burditt and the show's executive producers Robert Carlock and Tina Fey, who is also the series' creator, head writer, and star  The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 21, 2011  Commemorating the 100th episode of the series, this episode was one hour long and included a multitude of guest stars including Michael Keaton, Tom Hanks, Rachel Dratch, Will Forte, Brian Williams, among others 
In the episode, Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) faces news of cancellation for TGS from Hank Hooper after the departure of Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) brought in terrible ratings  Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) promises Hank the return of Tracy and asks for one more chance for TGS to prove itself with its 100th episode  Meanwhile, a gas leak in the building leads to hallucinations among the characters, such as Jack's imaginings of alternate versions of himself visiting him  In a subplot, Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) considers becoming a mother following a joke she made to Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) five years earlier 

Plot
Hank Hooper (Ken Howard), CEO of the fictional NBC parent Kabletown, informs Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) and Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) of his decision to cancel TGS due to its struggles during the absence of Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan)  Jack supports Liz, informing Hank that Tracy is returning and convinces him to reconsider the cancellation until after their upcoming hundredth episode  Meanwhile, Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) suggests to Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) that she'd make a great mother, which causes her to have a hysterical pregnancy in order to augment her career 
Tom the janitor (Michael Keaton) discovers a gas leak that is seeping into the ventilation system of TGS, necessitating the evacuation of all personnel and delaying production of the 100th episode  While repairing the gas leak, Tom inadvertently breaks the ventilation system on the 52nd floor, causing Jack to hallucinate  a visit by an alternate reality version of himself  Alternate Jack declares that he fired Liz because she was holding him back and that without her, he had made his way to the top of GE  As a consequence, Jack meets with Liz and severs their relationship 
Liz is then approached by her ex-boyfriend, Dennis (Dean Winters), whom she had apparently called while under the influence of the gas, hoping to rekindle their relationship  Liz rejects Dennis, who subsequently realizes that he needs to sabotage the ventilation system in order to get her back 
Elsewhere, Tracy goes on multiple morning television shows in an attempt to sabotage the respect he has earned  Unfortunately, his attempts fail, as not only do the hosts interpret his crude behavior as artistic expression, but he also manages to save a man from drowning  Tracy discusses the problem with Jenna and the two realize the only way he could ruin his public image is to shoot someone  Tracy convinces Kenneth to volunteer as his shooting victim on the roof of the building 
As the gas spreads, Jack is visited by two more versions of himself  One is a past version who agrees with his original alternate version  The other is a future version who claims that he needs Liz to distract him from his blind ambition and that he will be much happier if he doesn't fire her  He warns Jack that Liz is about to sign a lease with Dennis, which will lead to them getting married and living in Jacksonville, Florida 
Jack finds Liz and prevents her from signing the lease  Meanwhile, Tom repairs the sabotaged gas line and Dennis is escorted out of the building  Liz then tells Jack that she saw Kenneth and Tracy heading for the roof with a gun  Jenna joins them and the group runs into Hank Hooper on the way, who pitches Jenna a daytime talk show, which causes her hysterical pregnancy to suddenly vanish in light of this new opportunity  They reach the roof just in time to prevent Tracy from shooting Kenneth  Jack advises Tracy that the best way to lose respect as an actor is to return to television, giving a speech alluding to events from Baldwin's own career 
Jack, Liz, Tracy, Jenna, and Kenneth make it back to the TGS set, where Liz discovers that the entire show was written under the influence of the gas and is essentially worthless  She breaks the gas line once again, and with Hooper and the entire studio audience affected by the gas, the show is a hit  A hallucinatory Hooper renews it for "a billion more episodes"  Liz and Jack apologize to each other  They then toast to their friendship with imaginary champagne  Tom Hanks, upon seeing Tracy back on TV while watching the episode at home, calls George Clooney (who does not appear) on a red phone and tells him to have Tracy removed from the "official A-list" 

Reception
According to the Nielsen Media Research, this episode of 30 Rock was watched by 4 60 million households in its original American broadcast—with 4 80 million watching the first half-hour and 4 44 million watching the last half hour  It earned a 2 2 rating/6 share in the 18–49 demographic  This means that it was seen by 2 2 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast 
"100" received positive reviews  The A V  Club gave the episode a B− grade, praising the characterisation but criticising some of the more implausible plot elements (such as the gas leak and Jenna's sudden yearning for children) 
Passage 9:
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is an American sitcom created by Tina Fey and Robert Carlock, starring Ellie Kemper in the title role  It premiered on March 6, 2015 on Netflix and ran for four seasons, ending on January 25, 2019  An interactive special premiered on May 12, 2020 
The series follows 29-year-old Kimmy Schmidt (Kemper) as she adjusts to life after being rescued from a doomsday cult in the fictional town of Durnsville, Indiana, where she and three other women were held captive by Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne (Jon Hamm) for 15 years  Determined to be seen as something other than a victim and armed only with a positive attitude, she decides to restart her life by moving to New York City, where she quickly befriends her street-wise landlady Lillian Kaushtupper (Carol Kane), finds a roommate in struggling actor Titus Andromedon (Tituss Burgess), and gains a job as a nanny for melancholic and out-of-touch socialite Jacqueline Voorhees (Jane Krakowski) 
Throughout its run, the series received critical acclaim, with critic Scott Meslow calling it "the first great sitcom of the streaming era"  It received 20 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including four nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series and a nomination for Outstanding Television Movie for the 2020 special Kimmy vs  the Reverend 

Synopsis
Kimmy Schmidt (Ellie Kemper) was in eighth grade when she was kidnapped by Reverend Richard Wayne Gary Wayne (Jon Hamm)  He held Kimmy and three other women captive for 15 years in an underground bunker and convinced them that a nuclear apocalypse had left them the sole survivors of humanity 
In the first season, the women are rescued, and go on to appear on the Today Show in New York City  After the show, Kimmy decides she doesn't want to return to Indiana or be seen as a victim, so she starts a new life in New York City  Roaming around the city, she comes across landlady Lillian Kaushtupper (Carol Kane), who offers Kimmy a chance to room with Titus Andromedon (Tituss Burgess) in her downstairs apartment  However, to get the apartment, Kimmy has to find a job  When she tries to get a job at a nearby candy store, she sees a boy stealing candy  She pursues him back to his home and encounters his mother, Jacqueline Voorhees (Jane Krakowski), a Manhattan trophy wife, who mistakes her for a nanny, and whom Kimmy mistakes as someone trapped in a cult  Jacqueline hires Kimmy as a nanny for her 10-year-old son  As Season 1 continues, Kimmy falls in love with Dong (Ki Hong Lee), a Vietnamese man from her G E D  class; goes to court to testify against the Reverend, and discovers how the world has changed in the 15 years she was held captive  
In the second season, Kimmy is sick of working for Jacqueline and gets a job at a year-round Christmas store and then as an Uber driver  She tries to get over Dong, who enters a green card marriage with another G E D  student and is eventually deported  As Kimmy tries to move on, so do Titus and Jacqueline, who both find boyfriends  Titus begins dating construction worker Mikey Politano (Mike Carlsen) and Jacqueline begins dating lawyer Russ Snyder (David Cross)  Jacqueline also goes back to her Native American heritage and decides to take down the Washington Redskins, who her boyfriend's father happens to own  Kimmy reunites with Gretchen and Cyndee to save them from joining another cult and getting married on television, respectively  When Season 2 ends, Titus leaves to be a performer on a cruise and Lillian protests the invasion of hipsters in her neighborhood, while Kimmy makes amends with her mother (Lisa Kudrow) after advice from her therapist (Tina Fey) before receiving a phone call from the Reverend in prison, telling her that they need to get a divorce 
In the third season, Kimmy proceeds with the divorce from the Reverend but hits a snag when she learns that a devoted fan (guest star Laura Dern) wants to marry him  After getting her G E D , Kimmy decides to go to college and ends up at Columbia University, where she is popular but fails academically  She forms a friendship with Perry (Daveed Diggs), a philosophy and religion transfer student who, like Kimmy, does not fit in with the rich, elitist Ivy League students  Titus returns from his stint on the cruise harboring a secret and, determined to come home to Mikey with money and a job, he auditions for Sesame Street  However, after the man auditioning Titus asks him to perform sexual acts on a puppet, Titus leaves and runs home to Mikey  However, Titus sees Mikey out with another man, and breaks up with him  Lillian is elected to the city council and attempts to block the construction of a supermarket chain for fear it will gentrify the neighborhood  She later starts a relationship with the owner of the chain (Peter Riegert)  Meanwhile, Jacqueline and Russ execute their plan to force his family to change the name of the Redskins and Titus makes it big with the single "Boobs in California"  At the end of season three, Titus vows to win Mikey back from his new boyfriend, Jacqueline finds a profession, and Kimmy lands a job at a tech start-up 
In the fourth and final season, Kimmy is working at Giztoob, the tech company started by a former classmate at Columbia, and Jacqueline is representing Titus as his agent  After acting in an anti-bullying performance for a middle school, Titus gets a job as director of the school play and, in an attempt to impress Mikey, pretends to write and star in a superhero television show called The Capist, starring Greg Kinnear  Meanwhile, Lillian's boyfriend Artie dies and she is put in charge of his adult daughter's trust  Kimmy reunites with Donna Maria, who is now a successful businesswoman  Outraged and inspired by men's rights activists, Kimmy writes a children's book that empowers girls and encourages boys to be kind; by the end of season four, Kimmy has found success as a children's author  Season 4 features two episodes that veer from the main plot  In the first, a standalone mockumentary episode, Jacqueline's former boy toy Doug, a k a  DJ Fingablast, creates a true crime documentary called Party Monster: Scratching the Surface, which sympathizes with the Reverend and paints Kimmy and the other Mole Women negatively  The second episode, "Sliding Van Doors", presents an alternate universe in which Kimmy is never kidnapped, Titus does not audition for The Lion King in 1998, Jacqueline does not marry Julian Voorhees, and Lillian runs a Latin street gang  The series concludes with each of the main four characters finding success and purpose in new ventures 

Episodes
Cast and characters
Main
Ellie Kemper as Kimberly "Kimmy" Cougar Schmidt, the titular character  Armed with only unflagging optimism,  a childlike sense of wonder and an eighth-grade education, she attempts to regain the life that was taken from her and navigate her way through the unfamiliar struggles of New York life 
Tituss Burgess as Titus Andromedon (born Ronald Wilkerson), Kimmy's gay, flamboyant roommate and an aspiring actor and singer  Melodramatic and self-absorbed, Titus nevertheless cares deeply for, and is very protective of Kimmy  Despite his talent and ego, he is plagued by self-doubt after years of rejection in the business  Titus hails from Chickasaw County, Mississippi, and moved to New York City in 1998 
Carol Kane as Lillian Kaushtupper, Kimmy and Titus' odd landlady  A proud born-and-bred New Yorker with a long, complex criminal history, she fights against the possible gentrification of her neighborhood (although it soon becomes clear that she hates any form of progress or technology)  Despite her willingness to do anything to make a buck, she has a very big heart and will go out of her way to help her tenants 
Jane Krakowski as Jacqueline White (formerly Voorhees; née Jackie Lynn White), a wealthy and insecure socialite who hires Kimmy as a nanny  Despite coming across as arrogant, condescending and out of touch, she is very fond of (and heavily reliant on) her new employee, who helps her gain perspective on her unhappy marriage  She is secretly of Lakota Native American descent and is passing for white  As the series progresses, she gradually reconnects with her family and her culture  She is the mother of Buckley Voorhees and the former step-mother of Xanthippe Lannister Voorhees  Her ex-husband is Julian Voorhees 

Recurring
Guest
Production
Development
The show was created by Tina Fey and Robert Carlock when NBC executives asked them to develop a show for Ellie Kemper  Fey said that they found an "innocence" about Kemper's face, but also noted a "strength" to it  One idea was for the show to center on Kemper's character waking up from a coma, but this idea was abandoned in favor of the cult-survivor storyline The show was initially under development for NBC under the title Tooken  NBC ultimately sold the series to Netflix  Fey said that this was in partly due to NBC's "not feeling confident about watching comedies"  Prior to the sale, NBC planned to air the series as either a mid-season replacement or as a summer series  It was sold to Netflix with a two-season order On June 13, 2017, it was renewed for a fourth and final season, with the first six episodes premiering on May 30, 2018  The second half was released on January 25, 2019  On May 8, 2019, it was announced that it would return with an interactive special, which premiered on May 12, 2020 

Casting
Casting announcements for the remaining roles were made in March 2014, with Tituss Burgess cast as Kimmy's roommate, Titus, and Carol Kane as Kimmy's and Titus's landlady, Lillian Shortly afterwards, Sara Chase was cast Cyndee, Kimmy's closest friend during their years in the cult; and Lauren Adams as Gretchen, a 10-year member of the cult who believes everything she is told  Jane Krakowski was later cast as Jacqueline Voorhees, a wealthy Manhattanite who hires Kimmy as a nanny  Megan Dodds was originally cast before Krakowski replaced her 

Music
The show's theme song, "Unbreakable", was produced by The Gregory Brothers and written by Jeff Richmond  It is a tribute to The Gregory Brothers' YouTube show Songify the News – auto-tuned news interviews that became popular videos  It specifically parodies the mannerisms of Antoine Dodson in the "Bed Intruder Song"  Richmond also wrote "Peeno Noir", a song performed by character Titus Andromedon during season 1, episode 6 

Artwork
Artwork for the show's opening sequence was produced by a team at Pentagram that included feminist artist Deva Pardue 

Home video releases
Reception
The show has been widely acclaimed by television critics, who have praised the writing and cast 

Season 1
On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 95%, based on 55 reviews, with an average rating of 7 5/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "Blessed with originality and a spot-on performance from Ellie Kemper, The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is as odd as it is hilarious " On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Scott Meslow of The Week called the series "the first great sitcom of the streaming era", praising its wit, edge, and feminist tone  Brian Moylan of The Guardian noted that it is "the sort of show that could benefit from multiple viewings, because the jokes are so packed in you’re sure to miss something while laughing " TV Guide named it the "best new comedy of 2015"  IGN reviewer Max Nicholson gave the first season an 8 3 out of 10 'Great' rating, saying "Tina Fey and Robert Carlock's Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is another winner in Netflix's original series catalog  Not only is it charming and funny, but it's unabashedly kooky, and Ellie Kemper nails the lead role "The first season was nominated for seven Primetime Emmy Awards 
Some reviewers have criticized the show's portrayal of Native Americans, with Vulture referring to a prominent Native American subplot as "offensive"  BuzzFeed wrote that the show has a "major race problem" and cited the lack of a plurality of portrayals of Native Americans as the main issue with the subplot, stating that "the way Native Americans are represented on this show matters  It's not one representation among a cornucopia of representations; it's the single mainstream representation in years " The Daily Beast stated that when it comes to race, “especially in its portrayal of a key Vietnamese character, the show leaves much to be desired ”In the wake of the controversy, Tina Fey responded: "I feel like we put so much effort into writing and crafting everything, they need to speak for themselves  There's a real culture of demanding apologies, and I'm opting out of that "

Season 2
On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season holds a 100% approval rating, based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 7 6/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "Not letting up in season two, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt is still odd in the best of ways, wonderfully building on its unique comedy stylings and brilliantly funny cast " On Metacritic, the second season has a score of 82 out of 100, based on 16 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim" The second season was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards 
There was controversy surrounding the third episode from this season, “Kimmy Goes to a Play!,” which involved the use of yellow-face and the name of a group of Asian-Americans who were critical of yellow-face  The group is referred to as "Respectful Asian Portrayals in Entertainment", or "R A P E" for short  The Asian-Americans shown protesting against yellow-face in the episode are conveyed as unlikable buffoons  Anna Akana criticized the use of yellow-face and the R A P E  acronym during her 2016 Asians in Entertainment Key Note speech  Alex Abad-Santos wrote, “The odd thing about this episode is that it's another Tina Fey project that paints Asian people, specifically Asian women, as crappy characters  [   ] The plot feels like a pointed, ironic response to anyone who has criticized Fey's past projects for being lazy and racist ”

Season 3
On Rotten Tomatoes, the third season holds a 97% approval rating, based on 29 reviews, with an average rating of 8 11/10  The site's critical consensus states: "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt continues to thrive with a comically agile cast, notable guest stars, and a forceful influx of funny " On Metacritic, the third season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 12 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews" The third season was nominated for five Primetime Emmy Awards 

Season 4
On Rotten Tomatoes, the fourth season holds a 94% approval rating, based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 7 77/10  The site's critical consensus states: "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ends with a final season that's as topical as it is cheerily irreverent " On Metacritic, the fourth season has a score of 85 out of 100, based on 6 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim" The fourth season was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards 

Special
On Rotten Tomatoes, the Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs  the Reverend special has an approval rating of 94%, based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 7 81/10  The site's critical consensus reads: "Kimmy and company return as resilient as ever in a fun and fast paced special that makes excellent use of its interactive capabilities to produce maximum fabulosity "The special was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards 
Context 3: A large, 600-acre area from the pioneer days has been preserved since the late 20th century and recognized as the Tyler Settlement Rural Historic District  It is used largely for agricultural purposes  This district is east of Jeffersontown; it contains several of the Tylers' original log cabins and barns  A large portion of the Tyler settlement is known as the Blackacre Nature Preserve  This 170-acre tract is used by Jefferson County public schools as part of their environmental education 

Geography
Jeffersontown is located at 38°12′22″N 85°34′25″W (38 206102, -85 573619)  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10 0 square miles (26 km2), of which 9 9 square miles (26 km2) is land and 0 10% is water 

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 26,595 people, 10,653 households, and 7,275 families residing in the city  The population density was 2,675 9 inhabitants per square mile (1,033 2/km2)  There were 11,220 housing units at an average density of 1,127 3 per square mile (435 3/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 82 2% White, 11 1% African American, 0 2% Native American, 1 8% Asian, 0 1% Pacific Islander, 2 1% from other races, and 2 5% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5 04% of the population 

There were 10,653 households, out of which 32 9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54 3% were married couples living together, 10 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31 7% were non-families  26 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 46 and the average family size was 2 99 

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24 8% under the age of 18, 7 7% from 18 to 24, 33 4% from 25 to 44, 23 3% from 45 to 64, and 10 8% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 36 years  For every 100 females, there were 92 8 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89 1 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $51,999, and the median income for a family was $60,951  Males had a median income of $41,345 versus $29,537 for females  The per capita income for the city was $23,977  About 3 7% of families and 4 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5 4% of those under age 18 and 5 4% of those age 65 or over 

Economy
The Bluegrass Commerce Park (formerly known as The Bluegrass Research & Industrial Park) opened in 1966 and encompasses 600 acres (2 4 km2)  It was the first such development in the United States  Today, Bluegrass Commerce Park has expanded to more than 1,800 acres (7 3 km2) and is home to approximately 850 businesses  The park is the largest in the state of Kentucky  The 38,000 employees who work there make the park and Jeffersontown the third-largest city of employment in the state 
The park's seven units include:

Bluegrass Commerce Park
Commonwealth Park
Watterson Trail Industrial Park
Plainview Office Park
Jeffersontown Industrial Park
Holloway Industrial Park
Blankenbaker CrossingsPapa John's Pizza has its headquarters in Jeffersontown 
In November 2020, the company announced its new global headquarters would be moved to the Three Ballpark Center at The Battery Atlanta 

Government
The city of Jeffersontown is governed by a mayor and eight city council members  The mayor serves a four-year term of office while the council members serve two-year terms  The city council members are elected at-large, made up of the top eight candidates receiving the most votes in the general election 

Education
Jeffersontown has a lending library, a branch of the Louisville Free Public Library 

Notable people
Jon Ackerson, politician who served in both houses of the Kentucky State Legislature; former Jeffersontown city council member

See also
2018 Jeffersontown shooting
Beechland (Jeffersontown, Kentucky)
Confederate Martyrs Monument in Jeffersontown
Passage 5:
Central City, Kentucky
Central City is a home rule-class city in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, in the United States  The population was 5,819 at the 2020 census  It is the largest city in the county and the principal community in the Central City Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Muhlenberg County 

History
The site of present-day Central City was originally known as "Morehead's Horse Mill" after local resident Charles S  Morehead's steam-powered gristmill  A larger community began to develop after the 1870 advent of the Elizabethtown and Paducah Railroad  A post office was constructed the next year in 1871 and called "Owensboro Junction" after the projected 1872 completion of the Owensboro and Russellville Railroad  By 1873, the settlement was large enough to be incorporated by the state legislature as "Stroud City", after local landowner John Stroud The same year, however, the du Ponts' Central Coal and Iron Company began operation in the area and became so vital to the local economy that the city was reïncorporated in 1882 as "Central City"  Recessions replaced the E&P and the O&R with a procession of different companies, including the Owensboro and Nashville Railway, but the two rights of way always remained in separate hands, keeping Central City an important regional hub for the Illinois Central and the L&N, with train yards, roundhouses, and even an elevated rail station  Coal was mined from nearby fields, prompting explosions such as one in 1912 that killed five workers The expansion of automotive traffic in the early 20th century reduced some of Central City's importance, but it continues to service mainline freight traffic on the Paducah and Louisville Railway and trunk-line service for CSX from Madisonville to the Paradise Combined Cycle Plant, minutes south of the city 
Central City is the only city in Muhlenberg County that allows liquor to be sold by package stores and by the drink in restaurants seating at least 100 persons  Muhlenberg County is dry 

Geography
Central City is located in northeastern Muhlenberg County at 37°17′42″N 87°07′43″W (37 294989, -87 128622)  The Western Kentucky Parkway runs along the southern edge of the city, with access from Exit 58 (U S  Route 431)  The parkway leads northeast 80 miles (130 km) to Elizabethtown and west 57 miles (92 km) to Eddyville  U S  Route 62 passes through Central City south of the city center; it leads northeast 17 miles (27 km) to Beaver Dam and southwest 7 miles (11 km) to Greenville, the Muhlenberg county seat  US 431 passes through Central City's downtown, leading north 35 miles (56 km) to Owensboro and south 36 miles (58 km) to Russellville 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Central City has a total area of 5 25 square miles (13 6 km2), of which 0 01 square miles (0 03 km2), or 0 21%, are water  Terrain in Central City is rolling hills to steep bluffs along the northern boundaries of the city along the Green River  The city, along its northwestern border, is known for its swamps and lowland area that remain at or near the water table year-round 
Most of Central City has a sandstone bedrock with #9 bituminous coal underlying the bedrock  Central City has a number of old underground coal mine shafts that still crisscross the city   Most of these old shafts date back to the early 1900s  The majority of terrain around the city limits is reclaimed land where surface mining has taken place 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,893 people, 2,065 households, and 1,410 families residing in the city  The population density was 1,126 2 inhabitants per square mile (434 8/km2)  There were 2,313 housing units at an average density of 442 0 per square mile (170 7/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 88 07% White, 10 67% African American, 0 05% Native American, 0 24% Asian, 0 02% Pacific Islander, 0 41% from other races, and 0 54% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 80% of the population 
There were 2,065 households, out of which 28 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51 5% were married couples living together, 13 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31 7% were non-families  29 5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 39 and the average family size was 2 95 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 20 1% under the age of 18, 10 6% from 18 to 24, 30 8% from 25 to 44, 22 2% from 45 to 64, and 16 3% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females, there were 116 7 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120 3 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $27,371, and the median income for a family was $32,959  Males had a median income of $29,284 versus $18,265 for females  The per capita income for the city was $12,637  About 18 4% of families and 20 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25 3% of those under age 18 and 21 4% of those age 65 or over 

Education
Central City is home to Central City Elementary School  Central City Elementary School is a feeder school for Muhlenberg North Middle School which, in turn, feeds Muhlenberg County High School 
Central City is also home to the Muhlenberg Campus of Madisonville Community College, completed in 2001 
Central City has a lending library, a branch of the Muhlenberg County Public Library 

Media
WMTA AM 1380, founded 1955
WNES AM, founded in 1955, owned by the Andy Anderson Corporation which founded the station 
WEKV FM 101 9, 100,000 watt station, owned and operated by Andy Anderson Corporation, licensed to Central City where the main studio is, tower and transmitter located in Pleasant Ridge, (Daviess County), Kentucky 
A number of regional radio stations have Radio repeater's located in Central City   Two are currently active while a third is under consideration 
Leader-News, weekly newspaper founded in Greenville Leader, moved to Central City in the 1960s and became the "Greenville Leader-Central City News", owned and published by the Andy Anderson Corporation 
Times Argus, formerly the Messenger Times Argus, founded in 1909, published weekly 

Economy
Major employers in Central City include: 

Brewco
Brewer, Inc 
Green River Correctional Complex
Kentucky Utilities Green River Generating Station
Armstrong Coal Company Parkway Mine
KenAmerican Paradise Underground Mine
Wal-Mart Supercenter
Central City Elementary School

Arts and culture
Everly Brothers Homecoming/Labor Day Cruise-In
On Labor Day Weekend 1988, Central City began hosting The Everly Brothers Homecoming event to raise money for a scholarship fund for Muhlenberg County students  The Homecoming became a popular annual event for fourteen years, before ending in 2002 Not to be discouraged, the citizens reformed the event as a weekend long cruise-in and car show that is still held annually on Labor Day Weekend 

Kentucky Women's Hall of Fame, Inc 
Sponsored by the Central City Business & Professional Women's Club, the Hall of Fame is located inside the Central City Public Library, 108 E  Broad Street and features a portrait and memorabilia gallery which includes former Governor Martha Layne Collins, Country & Western music giant Loretta Lynn, and local author, editorialist, historian, war correspondent for the Service Star and noted cultivator of roses Agnes S  Harralson  Central City Library hours are Monday 9 am - 7 pm; Tuesday - Friday 9 am - 5 pm; Saturday 9 am - 1 pm  www mcplib org for more info; Central City BPW meets the second Tuesday of each month in the library meeting room at 6:00 pm - visitors are welcome 

Muhlenberg County Rail Trail
The Muhlenberg County Rail Trail is a paved trail following an old Paducah and Louisville railway route between Central City and Greenville that is open to pedestrian and non-motorized vehicle traffic  Kentucky's most extensive rail trail conversion to date, the Muhlenberg Rail Trail opened October 20, 2000 and was named "Trail of the Month" by the Rails to Trails Conservancy in May 2004  A viewing platform and birding guide are available where the trail passes through a local wetland  The Muhlenberg County Rails to Trails Committee has obtained an additional 3 miles of abandoned rail, possibly for a later extension into McLean County 

Notable residents
Tom Christerson, second recipient of an artificial heart
T  Coleman du Pont, manager for the Central Coal & Iron Company, later president of Dupont and a Republican senator for Delaware
Don Everly of The Everly Brothers, musician
Bernard Hickman, former head coach of the Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team
Halley G  Maddox, US Army major general
Ziggy Sears, Major League Baseball umpire
Jim Walker, musician
Corky Withrow, baseball player
Passage 6:
Plainview, Louisville
Plainview is a neighborhood in the city of Jeffersontown, Kentucky and is located on the former site of the Plainview Dairy Farm  It is a Planned Unit Development which includes housing, workplaces, and shopping within a single development 
Plainview is located between I-64 and Shelbyville Road east of Hurstbourne Parkway 
The Plainview community has many amenities; such as the Swim & Tennis Center, where there is a swim team, with competitions throughout the year  There is also a yearly yard sale 

See also
R  C  Tway, owner of farmland that evolved into this neighborhood
Passage 7:
Hickman, Kentucky
Hickman is a city in and the county seat of Fulton County, Kentucky, United States  Located on the Mississippi River, the city had a population of 2,365 at the 2020 U S  census and is classified as a home rule-class city  Hickman is part of the Union City micropolitan area 

History
This area was long occupied by various cultures of indigenous peoples  European-American settlement of this area did not begin until decades after the American Revolutionary War  James Mills built the first cabin on the site in 1819  The community of Mills Point was large enough to receive a post office in 1830  Around 1834, G  Marr purchased much of the surrounding area and laid out more streets The community was renamed Hickman in 1837 after the maiden name of Marr's wife  The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly on February 18, 1841  In 1845, it became the county seat David Walker, his wife, and their four children were lynched in Hickman in 1908 after Mr  Walker was accused of using inappropriate language with a white woman  Two floods devastated Hickman, the first in 1912 and the second in 1913   The flood of 1912 began when a levee located near Hickman broke  Within a few hours the water had risen to the roofs of houses  The flood of 1913 began when a levee near West Hickman broke on April 4  Baseball pitcher Rube Waddell was among the many who helped save the city during both floods  Waddell came down with pneumonia after each flood; he died of tuberculosis 

Registered historic sites
Thomas Chapel C M E  Church is an historic African-American church on Moscow Avenue in Hickman, part of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church formed by freedmen after the American Civil War  Freedmen set up their own denomination in order to be independent of white supervision in the Methodist Church, South, which had split away from northern congregations at the outbreak of war  (In 1954 the CME changed its name to Christian Methodist Episcopal Church ) The church in Hickman was built in 1895  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3 6 square miles (9 3 km2), of which 3 6 square miles (9 3 km2) is land and 0 28% is water 

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters   According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hickman has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps 

Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,365 people, 752 households, and 385 families residing in the city 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,560 people, 1,015 households, and 665 families residing in the city  The population density was 718 1 inhabitants per square mile (277 3/km2)  There were 1,177 housing units at an average density of 330 2 per square mile (127 5/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 64 06% White, 34 96% African American, 0 08% Native American, 0 04% from other races, and 0 86% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 51% of the population 
There were 1,015 households, out of which 28 2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39 8% were married couples living together, 22 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34 4% were non-families  32 1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 33 and the average family size was 2 94 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24 9% under the age of 18, 10 9% from 18 to 24, 26 8% from 25 to 44, 23 0% from 45 to 64, and 14 4% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 36 years  For every 100 females, there were 94 2 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90 2 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $21,655, and the median income for a family was $27,384  Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $18,264 for females  The per capita income for the city was $11,573  About 24 8% of families and 27 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35 0% of those under age 18 and 18 7% of those age 65 or over 

Notable people
Amy L  Bondurant, former U



ground_truth: Ellie Kemper

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What rule-class city of 26,595 contains the neighborhood Plainview?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: S  Ambassador to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Robert Glen Coe, convicted murderer
S G  Goodman, singer-songwriter
Elvis Jacob Stahr Jr , President of Indiana University

Education
Hickman has a public library, a branch of the Fulton County Public Library 
Passage 8:
Moorland, Kentucky
Moorland is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States  The population was 431 as of the 2010 census 

Geography
Moorland is located in northeastern Jefferson County at 38°16′23″N 85°34′45″W (38 273020, -85 579048)  It is bordered to the south, east, and west by Lyndon, and to the north by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County  It is 11 miles (18 km) east of downtown Louisville 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0 09 square miles (0 24 km2), all land 

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 464 people in 206 households, including 127 families, in the city  The population density was 4,830 4 inhabitants per square mile (1,865 0/km2)  There were 213 housing units at an average density of 2,217 4 per square mile (856 1/km2)   The racial makeup of the city was 91 81% White, 4 74% African American, 0 43% Asian, 0 22% from other races, and 2 80% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 65% Of the 206 households 29 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44 2% were married couples living together, 13 1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38 3% were non-families  32 5% of households were one person and 4 4% were one person aged 65 or older  The average household size was 2 25 and the average family size was 2 85 
The age distribution was 24 1% under the age of 18, 5 8% from 18 to 24, 38 4% from 25 to 44, 24 4% from 45 to 64, and 7 3% 65 or older  The median age was 36 years  For every 100 females, there were 100 9 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90 3 males 
The median household income was $40,469 and the median family income  was $45,096  Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $25,625 for females  The per capita income for the city was $18,092  About 1 4% of families and 1 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1 6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over 
Passage 9:
Meadowbrook Farm, Kentucky
Meadowbrook Farm is a neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky, United States  It is separately incorporated as a home rule-class city  The population was 136 as of the 2010 census 

Geography
Meadowbrook Farm is located in northeastern Jefferson County at 38°16′40″N 85°34′32″W (38 277772, -85 575669)  It is bordered to the southwest by Lyndon, to the northeast by Meadow Vale, and on all other sides by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County  Downtown Louisville is 12 miles (19 km) to the southwest 
According to the United States Census Bureau, Meadowbrook Farm has a total area of 0 03 square miles (0 07 km2), all land 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 146 people, 53 households, and 41 families residing in the city  The population density was 4,828 7 inhabitants per square mile (1,864 4/km2)  There were 53 housing units at an average density of 1,752 9 per square mile (676 8/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 91 78% White, 7 53% African American, and 0 68% from two or more races 
There were 53 households, out of which 35 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67 9% were married couples living together, 5 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20 8% were non-families  17 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 75 and the average family size was 3 12 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24 7% under the age of 18, 4 8% from 18 to 24, 36 3% from 25 to 44, 26 7% from 45 to 64, and 7 5% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 37 years  For every 100 females, there were 102 8 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100 0 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $63,542, and the median income for a family was $63,958  Males had a median income of $51,250 versus $38,125 for females  The per capita income for the city was $26,980  There were 4 4% of families and 5 2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 2 9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64 
Passage 10:
Corbin, Kentucky
Corbin is a home rule-class city in Whitley, Knox and Laurel counties in the southeastern portion of the U S  state of Kentucky  As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,856  
Corbin is on Interstate 75 and US Route 25W, about halfway between Knoxville, Tennessee, and Lexington 

History
The first settlement in the Corbin area was known as Lynn Camp Station  The first post office was called Cummins, for community founder Nelson Cummins  It was discovered in 1885 that both Cummins and Lynn Camp were already in use as names for Kentucky post offices, and postmaster James Eaton was asked to select another name  He chose Corbin for the Rev  James Corbin Floyd, a local minister  The town was incorporated under that name in 1905 
Corbin has a troubled racial past, including a race riot in late October 1919 in which a white mob forced nearly all the town's 200 black residents onto a freight train out of town and a sundown town policy until the late 20th century  The event is the subject of a 1991 documentary, Trouble Behind  In October 2019, city leaders marked the riot's centennial with a proclamation acknowledging the riot and former sundown town policy For most of its history, the urbanized areas of Corbin in Laurel County were not incorporated into the city limits due to a state law prohibiting cities from being in more than two counties  However, a 2021 change to state law allowed cities to voluntarily annex property in a third county if the city already provides public infrastructure to that property  In March 2022, the Corbin City Commission approved an annexation request for a property in Laurel County 

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Corbin has a total area of 7 9 sq mi (20 km2), with only a tiny fraction of 0 044 sq mi (0 11 km2), or 0 56%, consisting of water 
Corbin lies in the Cumberland Plateau region of Appalachia in southeastern Kentucky, along Interstate 75 and U S  Route 25W  I-75 provides access to the city from exit 25, leading north 89 miles (143 km) to Lexington and south 86 miles (138 km) to Knoxville, Tennessee  U S  25W runs through the center of town, leading north 14 miles (23 km) to London (via U S  Route 25) and south 21 miles (34 km) to Williamsburg 
The Pine Mountain Overthrust Fault, a geologic fault system several miles to the east, produces occasional tremors, the most recent in 2008 

Climate
Corbin exhibits a humid subtropical climate, typical of southeastern Kentucky  The region experiences four distinct seasons  Winters are cool to cold, with mild periods  Summers are generally hot and humid, with variable spring and fall seasons  Precipitation is common year-round but more prevalent in the summer months—the surrounding mountains somewhat moderate Corbin's climate 

Demographics
Corbin is in the London, Kentucky micropolitan area, whose current boundaries were established in 2013 by the U S  Office of Management and Budget in coordination with the United States Census Bureau  Previously, the London micropolitan area had consisted solely of Laurel County, while the Whitley County portion of Corbin was the principal city of its own micropolitan area that consisted solely of that county  Both entities were in turn the components of a statistical entity officially known as the "Corbin–London, KY Combined Statistical Area"  The CSA had a combined population of 94,486 at the 2010 census  The Knox County portion of Corbin was outside the former Corbin–London statistical area but is now included in the redefined London micropolitan area 
As of the 2010 census there were 7,304 people, 3,093 households, and 1,903 families residing in the city  The population density was 920 1 inhabitants per square mile (355 3/km2)  There were 3,507 housing units at an average density of 441 8 per square mile (170 6/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 97 41% White (96 69% non-Hispanic), 0 26% African American, 0 31% Native American or Alaska Native, 0 64% Asian, 0 26% from other races, and 1 11% from two or more races  No Pacific Islanders lived in the city in 2010  Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1 19% of the population 
There were 3,093 households, out of which 29 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41 3% were married couples living together, 16 0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4 2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38 5% were non-families  34 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 27, and the average family size was 2 91 
The age distribution was 22 5% under 18, 8 5% from 18 to 24, 22 9% from 25 to 44, 25 3% from 45 to 64, and 20 8% who were 65 or older  The median age was 41 6 years  For every 100 females, there were 80 2 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75 8 males 
Income data from the 2010 Census for Kentucky locations have not yet been released  As of the 2000 Census, the median income for a household in the city was $22,203  The median income for a family was $32,784  Males had a median income of $27,323 versus $17,568 for females  The per capita income for the city was $14,200  About 15 5% of families and 21 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24 0% of those under age 18 and 16 4% of those age 65 or over 

Economy
Initially provided by L&N Railroad, rail transport was the backbone of the local economy in the first half of the 20th century  While the railroad (presently CSX) continues to play an important role, the decline of the rail industry in the latter half of the 20th century, as well as the loss of some manufacturing jobs, has prompted the community to begin diversifying its economy 

Culture
Each year in early August, Corbin hosts a festival called NIBROC (Corbin spelled backward) featuring open-air concerts, carnival attractions, a beauty pageant, parade, and other events  The festival is featured, if anachronistically, in the play Last Train to Nibroc by Arlene Hutton  (Though the play is set in the 1940s, the festival itself only dates to 1952 ) NIBROC often features free performances by popular musical acts such as 38 Special, Foghat, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, Kansas, The Marshall Tucker Band, Percy Sledge, Rick Springfield, Starship, Styx and The Turtles  In episode 10 of the American reality-documentary television series On the Road with Austin & Santino on Lifetime entitled "We Love a Parade", the fashion designers visit Corbin to custom-design a dress for a local woman participating in the NIBROC parade 
Despite being in dry counties (Knox and Whitley), the city of Corbin allows full retail alcohol sales, following a successful local option election on February 14, 2012  The city had previously voted in 2004 to allow sales of alcohol by the drink in larger restaurants Corbin has an association with Kentucky Fried Chicken, having been the location of the chain's first restaurant, opened in 1930  Corbin appears in the animated cartoon South Park's episode "Medicinal Fried Chicken", wherein Eric Cartman visits the town to meet with Harland Sanders  Corbin is depicted as located in a lush rain forest in a parody of the 1983 film Scarface, wherein Tony Montana and Omar Suarez visit Bolivia to meet with a drug kingpin 

Government
Corbin is governed by a mayor and city commission and a city manager who runs the departments' day-to-day operations  Currently, Marlon Sams is the city manager  Since it does not have a mayor/alderman form of government, Corbin is considered home rule-class under Kentucky's city classification system that took effect in 2015  Susie Razmus is the current mayor  Trent Knuckles, David Grigsby Hart, Ed Tye, and Andrew Pennington are its four current commissioners Corbin is one of the few cities in Kentucky that lie in two counties—Whitley and Knox  Many built-up areas in neighboring Laurel County have a Corbin postal address but lie outside the city limits  This arrangement has created some problems with taxes and census records  The city receives a portion of the occupational tax collected in Whitley County  However, Knox County has refused to give Corbin any tax collected there  On March 10, 2008, the City Commission voted to file a lawsuit against Knox County to receive a portion of the tax collected within city limits  On May 23, 2014, the Kentucky Court of Appeals ruled that the "Stivers amendment", passed as part of KY HB 499 "Tax Amnesty" legislation in 2012, did not violate the state's constitution  The measure essentially canceled the effect of court rulings that would have enabled Corbin to keep all the revenue from the tax generated inside the city limits  Corbin's mayor, Willard McBurney, vowed to carry the fight to the state Supreme Court Corbin is in Kentucky's 5th congressional district 

Education
Corbin, like many communities of its size in southeastern Kentucky, has an independent school system (in Kentucky, a public school system not affiliated with a county; most such districts are associated with individual cities)  The district was officially established in 1916, and the 100th class graduated in 2017  The Corbin Independent School District includes:

Corbin Preschool Center
Corbin Primary (grades K-3)
Corbin Elementary (grades 4–5) (Currently housed by the newest building in the district after a complete remodeling of the former Middle School 
Corbin Middle (grades 6–8)
Corbin High (grades 9–12) (Currently housed by the oldest building in the district)
Corbin School Of InnovationThe community and school system place considerable emphasis on the success of academics and high school athletic teams  Corbin "Redhound" sports are important social events within the community 
In 2004, Eastern Kentucky University opened an extension campus in Corbin 
The annual Battle for the Brass Lantern, a college football rivalry game between the University of the Cumberlands and Union College, was played at Corbin High School's stadium in 2006 and 2007, as a neutral field roughly equidistant from the two campuses  The rivalry dates to 1905 Corbin was formerly home to Saint Camillus Academy, a private pre-K-8 Catholic school affiliated with the Diocese of Lexington  Established in 1908 by the Sisters of Divine Providence, the school has been successful as both a boarding school for national and international students and as a Montessori school  Its original schoolhouse, built in 1913, was demolished in summer 2008  The new school building is still situated atop a prominent hill overlooking the town, providing a striking backdrop to the streets of downtown Corbin  The school closed in 2012 after 99 years of service  The property and grounds of the school were sold to the Corbin School System to house a new Corbin Middle School due to the rapidly increasing student population and age of the current building 
Corbin has a lending library, the Corbin Public Library 

Transportation
Corbin straddles Interstate 75 and U S  Highway 25 (which splits into US 25E and US 25W in North Corbin)  The town is served by the CSX rail line 

Sites of interest
Cumberland Falls State Resort Park, the site of a waterfall, one of the few in the Western Hemisphere that regularly produces a moonbow, is 19 miles (31 km) to the southwest 
Harland Sanders Café and Museum, the birthplace of Kentucky Fried Chicken (though not sold as the KFC/Kentucky Fried Chicken brand at the time), is located in North Corbin  The restaurant and accompanying museum are popular with tour groups traveling along Interstate 75 
The Arena at the Southeastern Kentucky Ag and Expo Complex, a multi-purpose venue on top of a hill across from the Baptist Regional Medical Center, sits above the Corbin Center  This multi-purpose education center also houses the Corbin Tourism office 
Nearby Laurel River Lake, created by the U S  Army Corps of Engineers in 1974, is a popular recreational site for boating, fishing, water skiing, and scuba diving 
Cumberland Gap and Cumberland Gap National Historical Park are about 50 miles (80 km) south of Corbin on U S  Highway 25E at the Tennessee border 

Media
Newspapers
The Times-Tribune, a Tuesday And Thursday newspaper
News Journal, weekly newspaper covering both Corbin (headquarters) and the Whitley County, Kentucky, area including Williamsburg

Radio
WCTT AM 680 (Great 68; Oldies)
WKDP AM 1330
WEKF FM 88 5 (Eastern Ky Univ  affiliate)
WVCT FM 91 5 (Gospel Eagle; Southern Gospel)
WKDP FM 99 5 (Country)
WCTT FM 107 3 (T-107; Adult Contemporary)
WRHR-LPFM 95 3 (also known as Corbin's Own Red 95 3; broadcast by Corbin High School)

TV
WVTN (Channel 22 Time Warner Cable) - religious; broadcast from Corbin with local and regional churches and religious syndicated programs part of the radio station WVCT 91 5
RBS (Channel 18 Time Warner Cable) - Corbin school district information broadcasting the WRHR radio station Red 95 3
YHC (Channel 21 on Time Warner Cable) - broadcasts local and regional business infomercials and runs on-screen ads playing Contemporary Christian Music

Notable people
Rodger Bird, football player
Ensley A  Carpenter, doctor, once lived in Corbin, for whom the town of Carpenter, Kentucky was named
Ted Cremer, football player
Debbie Dean, pop singer, first white solo artist signed to Motown Records
Richie Farmer, politician and former basketball player
Roy Kidd, retired football coach, member of the College Football Hall of Fame, former head coach of Eastern Kentucky University football; was born, raised, and currently resides here
Arthur Lake, actor who played Dagwood Bumstead in the Blondie movies
Ronni Lundy, food and music writer, cookbook author, and Southern Foodways Alliance Lifetime Achievement Award winner
George McAfee, WW2 Veteran, football player, NFL Hall of Fame inductee 
Dan Neal, football player
Colonel Harland Sanders, entrepreneur and founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant chain
Frank Selvy, basketball player
B  F  Shelton, old-timey banjo player
Jarrett Stidham, quarterback for Baylor University, Auburn University and the New England Patriots 
Trent Taylor, NFL wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers and Cincinnati Bengals, in college for Louisiana Tech, lived in Corbin as a child, from age 2 through the end of second grade
Mabel Martin Wyrick, writer



ground_truth: Jeffersontown, Kentucky