prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film was released first, Summer Magic or Around the World in 80 Days?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Around the World in 80 Days (2004 film)
Around the World in 80 Days is a 2004 American action adventure comedy film based on Jules Verne's 1873 novel of the same name and remake of the movie of the same name of 1956  It stars Jackie Chan, Steve Coogan and Cécile de France  The film is set in the nineteenth century and centers on Phileas Fogg (Coogan), here reimagined as an eccentric inventor, and his efforts to circumnavigate the globe in 80 days  During the trip, he is accompanied by his Chinese valet, Passepartout (Chan)  For comedic reasons, the film intentionally deviated wildly from the novel and included a number of anachronistic elements  With production costs of about $110 million and estimated marketing costs of $30 million, it earned $24 million at the U S  box office and $48 million worldwide, making it a box office failure  It also received generally unfavorable reviews from critics, mainly for lacking similarities of the original book 

Plot
Lau Xing robs the Bank of England and hides in Phileas Fogg's house, giving his name as "Passport   too"  Fogg hears "Passepartout" and hires him as valet  He helps Fogg break the 50-mile-per-hour (80 km/h) speed barrier  
At the Royal Academy of Science, Fogg is insulted by Baron Kelvin  He bets that he can travel around the world in 80 days  If Fogg wins, he will replace Kelvin as Minister of Science  If not, he will be ruined  Fogg and Passepartout take a carriage out of London after a confrontation with corrupt Inspector Fix, hired by Kelvin 
Passepartout and Fogg journey to Paris, where Passepartout must evade General Fang's warriors  Fang wants the jade Buddha previously given to Lord Kelvin but stolen by Passepartout  Pretending to take Fogg to see Thomas Edison, Passepartout leads him to impressionist painting student Monique La Roche  Passepartout fights the warriors while his boss discusses impressionism  The two men and Monique depart in a hot-air balloon, chased by Fang's warriors 
The trio continue their journey by train  However, in Istanbul, they are forced to become guests of Prince Hapi's banquet  Whilst initially hospitable, he soon orders the men to leave while Monique must become his seventh wife  The men convince Hapi to release Monique or they will damage his personal statue of "The Thinker", which is accidentally smashed  With Hapi in pursuit, the three travelers then escape 
Kelvin learns about the bank robbery  He orders the British-colonial authorities in India to arrest both men  Passepartout sees notice of the price on his head and warns his companions  Disguised as women they are attacked by Fang's warriors  Using Inspector Fix and a sextant as weapons, Fogg and Passepartout defeat their assailants and flee to China 
In a Chinese village where Lau Xing had came from, Lanzhou, they are welcomed by Lau's family members  However, they are captured by the Black Scorpions  Recognized, Lau Xing challenges the leader of the group to a fight  At first, he fights alone and is defeated; moments later, he is joined by his fellow "Ten Tigers of Canton" to defeat the Black Scorpions  The jade Buddha is returned to the village temple 
Fogg desires to continue alone, disappointed and feeling used by his companions after finding out that through a picture of Lau and his family members in the village  He travels to San Francisco and is tricked out of his money  He is found destitute by Lau Xing and Monique who have followed him  In the Western desert, they find the Wright brothers who discuss their prototype flying machine  Fogg suggests a few changes, which are eagerly taken 
In New York City, a jubilant crowd prevents them from their ship  A policeman leads them to an ambush in a workshop  The three friends fight Fang and her warriors and win  Though Fogg could have gotten to the boat, he misses it to help Lau Xing  Fogg feels that he has lost, but the other two say that they may still make it if they catch the next ship 
They board an old ship and Fogg builds a plane out of the ship's old wood, promising a new ship to the captain  The ship's crew builds a catapult to launch it  The three fly to London and crash-land at the Royal Academy  Kelvin sends police to hinder them, and the clock strikes noon, ending the wager 
Kelvin proclaims himself the victor  Monique, Fix and other ministers attest to Kelvin's unfair methods  Kelvin insults Queen Victoria who overhears the insult which leads to Kelvin's arrest  She then reveals that she has bet money on Fogg winning and congratulates him for making it back a day early  
Though Lau and Monique are confused, Fogg eventually realizes that they forgot to take the International Date Line into account: they themselves experienced 80 days, but London only experienced 79 days  He ascends the stairs of the academy and kisses Monique, victorious in his bet 

Cast
Johnny Knoxville was initially cast as San Francisco Hobo 

Production
Warner Bros , who owned the rights to the 1956 adaptation, planned their own remake with Stephen Sommers directing and Brendan Fraser starring, after the success of The Mummy  Stan Chervin wrote the script for this utilization of the film  Around the same time, 20th Century Fox and Good Machine were developing their own version with Mark Rosenthal and Lawrence Konner writing the screenplay  Ang Lee and Stephen Herek were considered to direct When Frank Coraci got involved, he went back to read the original novel and watch the 1956 film, where he realized that the story didn't really have a driving lead character  So he decided to rework the plot considerably, which involved giving Phileas Fogg an arc  Coraci's first choice for Fogg was Johnny Depp, but studio executives at the time didn't think Depp in a family movie would ever work (this was before the release of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl)  Jackie Chan was announced to play Passepartout in June 2002  He was paid about $18 million for the role  After Chan was cast, the filmmakers settled on lesser known character actor Steve Coogan for Fogg  Walden Media was in charge of investing the film while Summit Entertainment handled foreign sales  Paramount Pictures acquired domestic distribution rights, and set a release date for November 21, 2003  However, the studio stepped out at the start of the year, with concerns over the high budget and bankability of the cast Principal photography began on March 13, 2003, in Thailand, followed by a 3-month shoot at Babelsberg Studio in Berlin  Before Disney had picked the film up for distribution, it was one of the highest-budget films produced without a distributor attached 

Music
Soundtrack
"It's Slinky!" – Written by Homer Fesperman and Charles Weasley
"Sehnaz Pesrev
"The Mystery Continues" – Composed by Suma Ograda
"Everybody, All over the World (Join the Celebration)" – Performed by David A  Stewart and Sylvia Young Stage School
"River of Dreams" (Instrumental) – Written by David A  Stewart and Aidan Love
"It's a Small World" – Written by the Sherman Brothers, and performed by Baha Men

Release
Around the World in 80 Days premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California on June 13, 2004, and was released in theaters on June 16, 2004, by Walt Disney Pictures  It was also released on DVD and VHS on November 2, 2004, by Walt Disney Home Entertainment 

Reception
Critical response
Around the World in 80 Days was met with mixed reviews  Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 32% approval rating, based on 128 reviews, with an average score of 4 79/10, with the site's consensus stating: "Hit-and-miss family fare that bears only the slightest resemblance to Verne's novel " Metacritic gives the film a weighted score of 49 out of 100, based on reviews from 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale The Guardian critic Rob Mackie, criticized it for having little to no resemblance to the novel it is based on  Roger Ebert praised it for its visual style and for being "goofy fun"  Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote: "Takes plenty of liberties with the material and never generates much genuine excitement, but provides an agreeable ride without overloading it with contemporary filmmaking mannerisms "In 2014, the Los Angeles Times listed the film as one of the most expensive box office flops of all time 

Accolades
The film was nominated for two Razzie Awards - Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Supporting Actor (Arnold Schwarzenegger) 

See also
List of American films of 2004
Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)
Around the World in Eighty Days (book)
Jackie Chan filmography
Arnold Schwarzenegger filmography
Around the World in 80 Days (2004)
Passage 2:
Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)
Around the World in 80 Days (sometimes spelled as Around the World in Eighty Days) is a 1956 American epic adventure-comedy film starring David Niven, Cantinflas, Robert Newton and Shirley MacLaine, produced by the Michael Todd Company and released by United Artists 
The picture was directed by Michael Anderson and produced by Mike Todd, with Kevin McClory and William Cameron Menzies as associate producers  The screenplay, based on the classic 1873 novel of the same name by Jules Verne, was written by James Poe, John Farrow, and S J  Perelman  The music score was composed by Victor Young, and the Todd-AO 70 mm cinematography (shot in Technicolor) was by Lionel Lindon  The film's six-minute-long animated title sequence, shown at the end of the film, was created by award-winning designer Saul Bass The film won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture 

Plot
Broadcast journalist Edward R  Murrow presents an onscreen prologue, featuring footage from A Trip to the Moon (1902) by Georges Méliès, explaining that it is based loosely on the book From the Earth to the Moon by Jules Verne  Also included is the launching of an unmanned rocket and footage of the earth receding 
In 1872, an English gentleman Phileas Fogg claims he can circumnavigate the world in eighty days  Met with scepticism, he makes a £20,000 wager (worth about £1 9 million today) with four fellow members of the Reform Club (each contributing £5,000 to the bet) that he can make the journey and arrive back at the club eighty days from exactly 8:45 pm that evening 
Together with his resourceful French valet, Passepartout, Fogg goes hopscotching around the globe generously spending money to encourage others to help him get to his destinations faster so he can accommodate tight steamship schedules  Having reached Paris they hear that a tunnel under the Alps is blocked  The Thomas Cook agent who assists them offers to hire or sell them his hot air balloon  Fogg buys it and they fly over the Alps drinking champagne 
Blown off-course, the two accidentally end up in Spain, where we see a table-top flamenco sequence performed in a bar  Later, Passepartout engages in a comic bullfight  Next, they go to Brindisi in Italy  Meanwhile, back in London, suspicion grows that Fogg has stolen £55,000 (around £5 2 million today) from the Bank of England so Police Inspector Fix is sent out by Scotland Yard to trail him (starting in Suez) but must keep waiting for a warrant to arrive so he can arrest Fogg in the British controlled ports they visit 
In India, Fogg and Passepartout rescue beautiful young widow Aouda from being forced into a funeral pyre with her late husband  The three then travel to Hong Kong, Yokohama, San Francisco, and the Wild West (including the Sioux Nation)  Reaching New York, they arrange their passage on a cargo steamship travelling to Venezuela - Fogg bribes the captain to go to England  Alas, they run out of coal mid-ocean and the ship stops  Fogg buys the ship and then instructs the crew to take everything that burns, including lifeboats, to provide fuel 
They arrive in Liverpool, where, still with just enough time left to travel to London and win his wager, Fogg is promptly arrested by the diligent yet misguided Inspector Fix 
Detaining Fogg at the police station, the embarrassed Fix discovers that the real culprit has already been apprehended by police in Brighton  Although Fogg is exculpated and free to go, he now has insufficient time to reach London before his deadline, and so has lost everything but the enduring love of the winsome Aouda  Upon returning to London, Fogg asks Passepartout to arrange a church wedding for the next day, Monday  Salvation comes when Passepartout is shocked to be informed that the next day is actually Sunday  Fogg then realizes that by traveling east towards the rising sun and crossing the International Date Line, he has gained a day  Thus, there is still just enough time to reach the Reform Club and win the bet  Fogg rushes to the club, arriving just before the 8:45 pm chime  Passepartout and Aouda then arrive behind him, inadvertently shocking everyone, as no woman has ever entered the Reform Club before 

Cast
The film boasts an all-star cast, with David Niven and Cantinflas in the lead roles of Fogg and Passepartout  Fogg is the classic Victorian upper-class English gentleman, well-dressed, well-spoken, and extremely punctual, whereas his servant Passepartout (who has an eye for the ladies) provides much of the comic relief as a "jack of all trades" for the film in contrast to his master's strict formality  Joining them are Shirley MacLaine as the beautiful Indian Princess Aouda and Robert Newton as the determined but hapless Detective Fix, in his last role  Suzanne Alexander and Marla English were initially the finalists for the role of Princess Aouda, but it was given to MacLaine, who accepted the role after having turned it down twice  Others who were considered for the role were Sylvia Lewis, Lisa Davis, Audrey Conti, Eleanore Tanin, Eugenia Paul, Joan Elan, and Jaqueline Park 
The role of Passepartout was greatly expanded from the novel to accommodate Cantinflas, the most famous Latin-American comedian at the time, and he winds up stealing the film  While Passepartout describes himself as a Parisian in the novel, this is unclear in the film – he has a French name, but speaks fluent Spanish when he and his master arrive in Spain by balloon  In the Spanish version, the name of his character was changed from the French Passepartout to the Spanish Juan Picaporte, the name the character has in the early Spanish translations of the novel  There is also a comic bullfighting sequence which was especially created for Cantinflas and is not in the novel  Indeed, when the film was released in some Spanish-speaking nations, Cantinflas was billed as the lead  According to the guidebook, this was done because of an obstacle Todd faced in casting Cantinflas, who had never previously appeared in an American movie and had turned down numerous offers to do so  Todd allowed him to appear in the film as a Latin, "so," the actor said himself, "   to my audience in Latin America, I'll still be Cantinflas "
More than 40 famous performers make brief cameo appearances, including Charles Boyer, Marlene Dietrich, Ronald Colman, Peter Lorre, Charles Coburn, Noël Coward, Buster Keaton, George Raft, Cesar Romero, Red Skelton and Frank Sinatra  The film was significant as the first of the so-called Hollywood "make work" films, employing dozens of film personalities  John Wayne turned down Todd's offer for the role of the Colonel leading the Cavalry charge, a role filled by Colonel Tim McCoy  James Cagney, Gary Cooper, and Kirk Douglas—along with Wayne—were considered for the role, but according to Michael Todd, "they all wanted to kid it " Promotional material released at the time quoted a Screen Actors Guild representative looking at the shooting call sheet and crying: "Good heavens Todd, you've made extras out of all the stars in Hollywood!" As of 2023, Shirley MacLaine and Glynis Johns are the last surviving members of the billed cast, as well as the uncredited Marion Ross 

Main cast
David Niven as Phileas Fogg
Cantinflas as Passepartout
Shirley MacLaine as Princess Aouda
Robert Newton as Inspector Fix

Cameo appearances
Production
Around the World in 80 Days was produced by Broadway showman Michael Todd based on a book by Orson Welles   Todd had never before produced a film  The director he hired, Michael Anderson, had directed the highly acclaimed British World War II feature The Dam Busters (1955), George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four feature (1956), and other classic films  Todd sold his interest in the Todd-AO format to help finance the film Because Todd-AO ran at 30 frames per second, which was incompatible with the 35mm standard of 24 fps, Around the World in 80 Days was filmed twice, like the first feature in Todd-AO, Oklahoma!  Unlike Oklahoma!, however, which was filmed additionally in 35mm CinemaScope, Around the World in 80 Days was filmed simultaneously in Todd-AO at 24 frames per second so that from this negative, 35mm reduction prints could be produced for general release  After these two films, the specification for Todd-AO was altered after the third film in the format, South Pacific, to 24 fps running, making it unnecessary to film subsequent productions twice 
In his 1971 autobiographical book The Moon's a Balloon, actor David Niven discussed his meeting with Todd and the subsequent events that led to the film being produced  According to Niven, when Todd asked him if he would appear as Fogg, Niven enthusiastically replied, 'I'd do it for nothing!' He later admitted to being grateful that Todd did not hold him to his claim  He also described the first meeting between Todd and Robert Newton (who had  drinking problems) when the latter was offered the role of the detective, Fix; Niven alleged that Newton was offered the part on condition that he did not drink any alcohol during the filming, and that his celebration following the completion of his role led to his untimely demise (he did not live to see the film released) 
Filming took place in late 1955, from August 9 to December 20  The crew worked fast (75 actual days of filming), producing 680,000 feet (210,000 m) of film, which was edited down to 25,734 feet (7,844 m) of finished film  The picture cost just under $6 million to make, employing 112 locations in 13 countries and 140 sets  Todd said he and the crew visited every country portrayed in the picture, including England, France, India, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), Spain, Thailand, and Japan  According to Time magazine's review of the film, the cast, including extras, totaled 68,894 people; it also featured 7,959 animals, "including four ostriches, six skunks, 15 elephants, 17 fighting bulls, 512 rhesus monkeys, 800 horses, 950 burros, 2,448 American buffalo, 3,800 Rocky Mountain sheep and a sacred cow that eats flowers on cue"  There is also a cat at the Reform Club  The wardrobe department spent $410,000 to provide 74,685 costumes and 36,092 trinkets  This is allegedly the most costumes ever required for a Hollywood production 

Some 10,000 extras were used in filming the bullfight scene in Spain, with Cantinflas as the matador; Cantinflas had previously done some bullfighting  They used all 6,500 residents of a small Spanish town called Chinchón, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Madrid, but Todd decided there were not enough spectators, so he found 3,500 more from nearby towns  He used 650 Indians for a fight on a train in the West  Many were indeed Indians, but some were Hollywood extras  All 650 had their skin color altered with dye  Todd used about 50 US gallons (190 L; 42 imp gal) of orange-coloured dye for those extras 
Todd sometimes used models of boats, ships, and trains in the film, but he often decided that they did not look realistic so he switched to the real thing where he could  The scene of a collapsing train bridge is partly without models  The overhead shot of a train crossing a bridge was full scale, but the bridge collapse was a large-scale miniature, verifiable by observing the slightly jerky motion of the rear passenger car as the train pulls away, as well as the slowed-down water droplets which are out of scale in the splashing river below  All the steamships shown in the first half are miniatures shot in an outdoor studio tank  The exception is the American ship shown at the intermission point, which is real  The "American" ship is the Japanese training barque Kaiwo maru  A tunnel was built for a train sequence out of paper mache  After the train filming was complete, the "tunnel" was pushed over into the gorge  Many of the special effects are described and pictured in a 1956 Popular Mechanics article The scenes of the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by steamship took place off San Francisco and were shot on a specially built prop steamer, a converted barge mocked up to resemble a small ocean-going steamship, with mock paddles driven by the electric motor from an old streetcar  In his memoirs, Niven described the whole thing as being dangerously unstable (though stability improved as it was dismantled as though to feed it into its own furnaces as the plot required) 
One of the most famous sequences in the film, the flight by hydrogen balloon, is not in the original Jules Verne novel  Because the film was made in Todd AO, the sequence was expressly created to show off the locations seen on the flight, as projected on the giant curved screen used for the process  A similar balloon flight can be found in an earlier Jules Verne novel, Five Weeks in a Balloon, in which the protagonists explore Africa from a hydrogen balloon Many of the balloon scenes with Niven and Cantinflas were filmed using a 160-foot (49 m) crane  Even that height bothered Niven, who was afraid of heights  Tom Burges, who was shorter than Niven, was used as a stand-in for scenes where the balloon is seen from a distance  Many of the lots used in the film are now on the land occupied by Century City, an office complex in the Los Angeles area 
In his memoirs, Niven related that Todd completed filming while in considerable debt  The post-production work on the film was an exercise in holding off Todd's creditors long enough to produce a saleable film, and the footage was worked upon under the supervision of Todd's creditors and returned to a secure vault each night, as if it were in escrow 
The film's release and subsequent success vindicated Todd's considerable efforts 

Release
The film premiered on October 17, 1956, at the Rivoli Theater in New York City and played to full houses for 15 months  It ran for 102 weeks at the theatre, with 1,564 performances, 2,173,238 patrons and a gross of $4,872,326 It topped Variety's monthly box office chart for seven months during 1957  By the time of Todd's death in a private plane crash, 18 months after the film had opened, it had grossed $33 million By November 1958, the film had earned worldwide rentals of $22 million including $4 6 million from overseas from just 280 engagements  None of the overseas engagements at that date had been in Todd-AO In Spanish and Latin American posters and programs of the movie, Cantinflas is billed above the other players because he was very popular in Spanish-speaking countries  There were two souvenir programmes sold in theatres  For Roadshow screenings Todd-AO is mentioned, though for general release those pages are not contained in the book   The programme was created by Todd's publicist, Art Cohn, who died in the plane crash with him  His biography, The Nine Lives of Michael Todd, was published after their deaths which put a macabre spin on the title 

Reception
Critical response
Bosley Crowther called the film a "sprawling conglomeration of refined English comedy, giant-screen travel panoramics and slam-bang Keystone burlesque" and wrote that Todd and the film's crew "commandeered the giant screen and stereophonic sound as though they were Olsen and Johnson turned loose in a cosmic cutting-room, with a pipe organ in one corner and all the movies ever made to toss around" Time magazine called it "brassy, extravagant, long-winded and funny" and the "Polyphemus of productions," writing "as a travelogue, Around the World is at least as spectacular as anything Cinerama has slapped together"  Time highlighted the performance of "the famous Mexican comic, Cantinflas [who in] his first U S  movie     gives delightful evidence that he may well be, as Charles Chaplin once said he was, "the world's greatest clown" Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected 43 reviews and gave the film an aggregate score of 70%, with an average rating of 5 90/10, with the site's consensus stating: "It's undeniably shallow, but its cheerful lack of pretense -- as well as its grand scale and star-stuffed cast -- help make Around the World in 80 Days charmingly light-hearted entertainment" 
The development of the film and the personal life of actor Mario Moreno during that time were dramatized later in the 2014 film Cantinflas 

Accolades
The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards, winning five (including Best Picture), beating out critically and publicly praised films: Friendly Persuasion, Giant, The King and I and The Ten Commandments  It is also one of the few Best Picture winners not to be nominated in any acting category 
Although not nominated for Best Original Song, the film's theme song "Around the World" (music by Victor Young; lyrics by Harold Adamson), became very popular  It was a hit for Bing Crosby in 1957, and was a staple of the easy-listening genre for many years: "Around the world, I searched for you / I traveled on when hope was gone to keep a rendezvous     No more will I go all around the world / For I have found my world in you "
The film was screened at the 1957 Cannes Film Festival, but was not entered into the main competition 

Anniversary celebration
On the first anniversary of the film's release, Todd threw a party at the Madison Square Garden attended by
18,000 people; Time magazine called the party a "spectacular flop" though Todd shrugged off the remark, saying, "You can't say it was a little bust " The event, featured on a 90-minute CBS telecast, could boast of "a colossal hodgepodge of bagpipers, folk dancers, Philadelphia Mummers, Russian wolfhounds, oxen, Siamese cats, elephants, clowns, a fire engine, and a symphony orchestra "

Distribution and ownership
The film was originally distributed by United Artists in two Todd-AO 70 mm versions, one for Todd-AO 70 mm release at 30 frames per second, and an alternative 70 mm version at 24 frames per second reduced to 35 mm for general release 
The original Todd-AO 70mm running time without the extra music was 179 minutes  However, after the Chicago showing Todd cut four minutes out of the Western sequence where Cantinflas is pursued by Indians  The 70mm print shown at The Rivoli theatre in NYC was 175 minutes  However, the original 35mm Technicolor/anamorphic magnetic stereo and mono optical prints ran the complete 179 minutes with the chase scene intact  Although the leaders on the optical sound prints were labelled for Perspecta directional encoding, the prints do not contain the signal and were standard mono 
In 1968, additional cuts were made including removing most of the prologue with the changing aspect ratios  Only a brief few shots with Edward R  Murrow remained and the entire "Trip to the Moon" clips were cut  Since the opening shot of Murrow was 1 33 window boxed in the wide frame, they had to crop and blow up that shot for the 2 35 ratio which made it very grainy  The intermission was also cut for the 1968 re-release which included the freeze frame of the ship and fade into the second half  The reels just
jump cut with an awkward sound gap between the first and second half  The chase scene was missing from this version too which reduced the running time to 167 minutes  However, some uncut 179-minute 35mm Technicolor prints were struck too which meant at least some theatres played the Roadshow version even though the vast majority showed the shorter cut  35mm IB/Scope copies of both versions exist from 1968  The 24 frames per second 70mm prints were also the 167-minute version in that year too  As a publicity stunt, Todd Jr  called the press when he removed a 70mm copy from a bank vault claiming it had been stored there since 1956 for safe keeping and was being shown at a theatre again  The copy they exhibited was the cut re-issue 167-minute version 
Around 1976, after its last network television broadcast on CBS, UA lost control of the film to Elizabeth Taylor, who was the widow of producer Michael Todd and had inherited a portion of Todd's estate  In 1983, Warner Bros  acquired the rights to the film from Taylor, and reissued the film theatrically in a re-edited 143-minute version (this version would subsequently air only once on Turner Classic Movies, this was before any restoration on the movie was announced)  In the years that followed, a pan-and-scan transfer of the alternative 24 frame/s version (presented at its full 183-minute length) was shown on cable television 
In 2004, WB issued a digitally restored version of the 24 frame/s incarnation on DVD, also at its full 183-minute length, but also including the original intermission, Entr'acte, and exit music segments that were a part of the original 1956 theatrical release, and for the first time on home video at its original 2 2:1 aspect widescreen ratio 
This restored version was reconstructed from the best available elements of the 24 frame/s edition WB could find, and was subsequently shown on Turner Classic Movies  The original elements from the 30 frame/s/70 mm Todd-AO version (as well as the original prints derived from these elements) still exist, albeit in faded condition due to the passage of time, but remain to be formally restored by WB  There is some missing footage in the India train ride where the image artificially fades in and out to compensate for the missing shots 
Warner's retained Andy Pratt Film Labs who in conjunction with Eastman Kodak developed a method to remove the cracked and faded-to-brown, clear lacquer from the original 65 mm Technicolor negative  Warners did nothing further to restore the negative  Due to costs of making a 70 mm release print even without magnetic striping, using DTS disk for audio, there are no immediate plans for any new prints  The 65 mm roadshow print negative was used for the DVD release  Had any 35 mm Anamorphic elements been used the aspect ratio would have been 2 35:1  Mike Todd had limited 35 mm anamorphic prints made with a non-standard compression ratio to provide a 2 21:1 viewing experience  These special 35 mm prints are called Cinestage, the same name of Mike Todd's showcase theatre in Chicago 
Best available prints of the 30 frame/s/70 mm version have recently been exhibited in revival movie houses worldwide  As of the present time, WB remains the film's rights holder 

Soundtrack and home media
The DVDs for Around the World in 80 Days include four hours of supplemental material, in addition to the restored three-hour wide-screen presentation  Included on one of the disks is a documentary film, about 50 minutes long, about Michael Todd 
The soundtrack was commercially released on vinyl and audio tape  Two CD versions were released as well, including a digital remastering of the original Decca Records album on MCA in the 1980s and an expanded version with extra tracks on the Hit Parade Records label in Canada in 2007  There was also a model kit of the balloon, a board game, and a Dell Comics adaptation  A Cantinflas puppet was released separately, dressed in an outfit similar to the Passepartout costume 

Theme parks
During the 1970-80s, the Alton Towers theme park in England had a car ride based on the film 

See also
List of American films of 1956
Passage 3:
Around the World (1956 song)
"Around the World" is the theme tune from the 1956 movie Around the World in 80 Days  In the film, only an instrumental version of the song appeared, although the vocal version has become the better known one  The song was written by Harold Adamson and Victor Young; Young died in 1956, several weeks after the film's release, and he received the Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture posthumously  Young's orchestral version was a #13 hit on the Billboard charts in 1957  The recording by Bing Crosby was the B-side of the Victor Young version in 1957, on Festival SP45-1274 in Australia, and was a joint charting success 

Recorded versions
The song has been recorded, among others, by:

Popular culture
The Buddy Greco recording was the first piece of music heard in the first episode of the 2012 television series Pan Am 
The song is used multiple times in various forms throughout the 2015 Japanese animated film The Anthem of the Heart 
The song is featured prominently in season 2, episode 6 of  The Marvelous Mrs  Maisel 
Passage 4:
A Boy Scout Around the World
A Boy Scout Around the World (Danish: Jorden Rundt i 44 dage, literally: Around the World in 44 Days) is a travel description published in October 1928 and written by Danish Boy Scout and later actor Palle Huld at the age of 15, following his travel around the world in spring 1928 His trip was sponsored by a Danish newspaper and made on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Jules Verne, a French author of adventure and science fiction  Palle Huld was chosen after having answered a newspaper advertisement; applicants had to be boys, 15 years old, able to manage in English and German and of good health  Like the characters in Jules Verne’s 1873 novel Around the World in 80 days he was only allowed to travel by land and sea, not by air  The travel (on first class) went from Denmark to Great Britain, across the Atlantic Ocean to Canada  From the American west coast he continued to Japan, China, Soviet Union, Poland, Germany and back to Denmark  He had to travel alone but was helped along the way by reporters of the newspaper, members of Danish embassies and local Boy Scouts  The travel was followed by not only Danish newspapers but newspapers around the world and on his return to Copenhagen he was met by a crowd of 20,000 people He travelled towards the west, which was the fastest but also the opposite direction of the one taken in Around the World in 80 Days  Unlike the novel, he had little problems in reaching departures  In western Canada he met First Nations, who promised not to take his scalp, though red scalps were at a premium  He was impressed by the luxury of the Pacific Ocean liner; its restaurant was the size of the hall of a castle in his opinion and onboard he could play tennis and water polo  Around the world he was met by the press and he got increasingly better at handling them as the travel progressed  One question that gave him problems was about his taste in women; he told the journalist that he was too young to think of it  He was met with generosity, many accessories for his travel such as shoes and a camera were given to him for free  He declined one offer  On board the Pacific liner he would not let a young American woman darn his socks  Later, when he visited the famous Japanese Admiral Togo, he had to take his shoes off and thereby reveal the holes in his socks, which made him regret not taking the offer  Nevertheless, Japan was his favorite country since he found everything pretty After his journey he was invited to, among others, Great Britain where he met with Robert Baden-Powell founder of the boy Scout Movement and France where he laid flowers on the grave of Jules Verne 

Legacy
The book was translated into 11 languages and is said to have inspired Belgian cartoonist Hergé to create the Tintin comics  The theory that Palle Huld should be the inspiration for Tintin goes back to 1988 where it was proposed by Tintin collector Stéphane Steeman in an article titled Les Amis d’Hergé  He found striking resemblances between the pictures of Palle Huld's memoires and Hergé's early drawings of Tintin He was backed by Philippe Goddin, who found it likely that especially Tintin's staged reception at Brussels' north station in the guise of a 15-year-old Belgian Boy Scout, following the 1930 publication of Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, was inspired by Palle Huld's reception in Copenhagen  It has not been possible to verify these claims by the papers left by Hergé, and Palle Huld himself had not heard of them when interviewed in 2009 on Tintin's 80 birthday Palle Huld died in 2010 at the age of 98 years  On what would have been his 100th birthday in 2012 the Danish version was reprinted in his honor 

Language editions
Czech: Kolem světa za 44 dni    Praha, 1929  172 pages
Danish (original): Jorden rundt i 44 Dage af Palle, Hasselbalch, 1928, 178 pages, preface by Jean Jules-Verne, cover: Axel Mathiesen  Reprint: 2  August 2012, Peoples Press Jr , added preface by Troels Kløvedal, 161 pages 
Dutch: Een reis om de wereld in 44 dagen  Translated by Mary Schlüter-Harrix  Amsterdam, ca  1928  170 pages
English (USA): A Boy Scout Round the World  Translated by Eleanor Hard  Coward-McCann Inc , New York 1929  Preface by Hawthorne Daniel  197 pages  Cover: Axel Mathiesen  (Also published in Great Britain) 
Finnish: Pallen Matka maailman ympäri 44 päivässä  Poorvoo (WSOY) /Borgå, 1929  212 pages
French: Le tour du monde en 44 jours  Translation: Elna Cornet  Hachette, Paris, 1928  165 pages, preface by Jean Jules-Verne 
German: Mit fünfzehn Jahren um die Welt in 44 Tagen, Seemann, Leipzig, 1928 
Spanish: La vuelta al mundo en 44 días  B  Bauza, Barcelona 1930
Swedish: Jorden runt på 44 dagar av Palle Åhlen & Åkerlunds Förlag, Stockholm, 1928  Translation: Signe von Vegesack  196 pages Also translated to: Hungarian, Italian and Japanese 

See also
Similar events inspired by Around the World in 80 Days
North, a 1994 film with a poster of a boy walking on a globe with a suitcase 

Notes
Passage 5:
James Poe
For the state legislator in North Carolina see James W  Poe

James Wilber Poe  (October 4, 1921 – January 24, 1980) was an American film and television screenwriter  He is best known for his work on such films as Around the World in 80 Days (for which he jointly won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Summer and Smoke, Lilies of the Field, The Bedford Incident, and They Shoot Horses, Don't They? 
He also worked as a writer on the radio shows Escape and Suspense, writing the scripts for some of their best episodes, most notably "Three Skeleton Key", "Blood Bath" and "The Present Tense", all of which starred Vincent Price 
Poe was married to actress Barbara Steele from 1969 to 1978 

Career
Poe began his career at March of Time  He moved to Hollywood in 1941  He wrote radio plays and documentaries before moving into feature films He had to sue for credit on Around the World in 80 Days In 1965 Poe signed a contract to direct films at Columbia but never directed 

Select credits
Close-Up (1948)
Without Honor (1949)
Scandal Sheet (1952)
Paula (1952)
A Slight Case of Larceny (1953)
The Big Knife (1955)
Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
Attack! (1956)
Hot Spell (1958)
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958)
Goodyear Theatre – "Curtain Call" (1958)
Last Train from Gun Hill (1959)
Sanctuary (1961)
Summer and Smoke (1961)
The Dick Powell Theatre – "Crazy Sunday" (1962)
Lilies of the Field (1963)
Toys in the Attic (1963)
Vacation Playhouse – "Come a Runnin'" (1963)
Munroe (1963) (TV pilot)
The Bedford Incident (1965)
Riot (1969)
They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969)
Bracken's World – episode "Together Again, for the Last Time" (1970)
The Gathering (1977)
Enola Gay: The Men, the Mission, the Atomic Bomb (1980)
The Nightman (1992)
Passage 6:
Jules Verne Trophy
The Jules Verne Trophy is a prize for the fastest circumnavigation of the world by any type of yacht with no restrictions on the size of the crew provided the vessel has registered with the organization and paid an entry fee  A vessel holding the Jules Verne trophy will not necessarily hold the absolute round the world record  The trophy was first awarded to the first yacht which sailed around the world in less than 80 days  The name of the award is a reference to the Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days in which Phileas Fogg traverses the planet (albeit by railroad and steamboat) in 80 days  The current holder is IDEC Sport skippered by Francis Joyon in 40 days 23 hours 30 minutes 30 seconds 

Route
The Jules Verne Trophy's starting point is defined by an imaginary line between the  Créac'h lighthouse on Ouessant (Ushant) Island, France, and the Lizard Lighthouse, UK  The boats have to circumnavigate the world leaving the capes of Good Hope, Leeuwin, and Horn to port and cross the starting line in the opposite direction 
The starting line is open as of the official ratification of the trophy's rules by the World Sailing Speed Record Council 

Rules
The Jules Verne Trophy is awarded to the challenger who breaks the previous Jules Verne record of the round the world voyage under sail  The winner holds the trophy until such time as his/her record has been bettered  The boats must solely be propelled by natural forces of the wind and of the crew, but the trophy is open to any type of boat with no restrictions  Crew size is not restricted either 
The circumnavigation must be completed non-stop and with no physical outside assistance, although on-shore weather routing is allowed  The challengers must respect certain safety rules 

History
The original idea for this competition has been attributed to Yves Le Cornec in 1985  The rules were defined in 1990  A committee was put in place to guarantee respect of the rules and fairplay  This committee included Peter Blake, Florence Arthaud, Jean-François Coste, Yvon Fauconnier, Gabrie Guilly, Robin Knox-Johnston, Titouan Lamazou, Yves Le Cornec, Bruno Peyron, Olivier de Kersauson, and Didier Ragot 
While the current holder of the trophy, Francis Joyon, also holds the around the world sailing record, this has not always been the case  In 2004 Steve Fossett broke the world record with the catamaran Cheyenne but was not awarded the trophy  According to reports, the trophy organizers requested a higher entrance fee from Fossett than from the other competitors, the difference which he refused to pay  The winner of the trophy that year was Olivier de Kersauson on Geronimo, with a time which was five days slower than Fossett's world record 

Summary of intermediate records
The best passage times are shared between 4 boats:

 Banque Populaire V , designed in 2006, launched in 2008 and renamed "Maxi Spindrift 2" in 2013
 Groupama 3 , designed in 2004, launched in 2006 and renamed  IDEC sport  in 2015
 Macif , designed in 2013, launched in 2015 and since then mainly singlehanded by François Gabart
 fr:Maxi Edmond de Rothschild  designed in 2014, launched in 2017Adding the record times of the various intermediate routes, gives a total record round the world in 36 days 22 hours and 36 minutes, or 4 days better than the record established in 2017 by Francis Joyon on  IDEC sport  

2016 record
Francis Joyon took possession of the former Groupama 3 on October 2, 2015, after three weeks of work at Multiplast, in Vannes  He chose an intermediate configuration between the initial power and a reduced rigging for solo races  Closer to the lightness and ergonomics sought alone, less versatile in particular in light winds, Joyon's choices paid off during his two passages in the southern seas at the end of 2015 and again at the end of 2016, earning him numerous records  With a crew reduced to six people,  IDEC Sport  was ready to attempt the Jules-Verne Trophy, held since 2011 by Loïck Peyron with a time of 45 days, 13 hours, 42 minutes and 53 seconds 
After an attempt in November 2016 met with unfavorable weather in the doldrums and the South Atlantic, and a shock that slightly damaged her fin, Joyon set out again on December 16, 2016 to conquer the trophy  He arrived on  January 26, 2017 with a new around the world sailing record of 40 days 23 h 30 min 30 s 
During their 2016 attempt for the Jules-Verne Trophy, Francis Joyon and his crew  broke numerous intermediate records: four have been formalized and are the subject of records duly certified by the WSSRC They made quick crossings of the southern seas starting with the Indian Ocean, covering 8091,73 miles in 10 days (an average of 809 miles per day)  This episode began ahead of the front of a depression which moved at a speed corresponding to the boat's potential from South America to the Pacific Ocean  During 12 days, the wind remained port tack, blowing constantly at over 30 knots, an ideal configuration for speed records  Top speeds varied between 38 and 44 knots  Due to bad seas, their speed dropped temporarily (29 knots or 700 mi (1,100 km) per day) but soon climbed back above 800 mi (1,300 km) daily 
After passing New Zealand and the Antimeridian, sailing port tack 205 degrees longitude (25 degrees West to Antimeridian) in the southern seas, the crew jibed in the transition between two depressions, and managed to catch up with the weather system in front of them over the Pacific Ocean, setting off again at more than 30 knots daily average towards Cape Horn 
Joyon rounded Cape Horn, 16 days after hitting the first left South America, after a course of nearly 12,000 mi (19,000 km) above 30 knots average (730, 16 miles per day over 16 days)  He then signs a performance increase of 30 to 40% compared to Loïck Peyron's record 5 years earlier  Leaving the southern seas with a lead of 4 days 6 hours 35 min over Peyron's previous record, Joyon and his crew regained 2,800 mi (4,500 km) on the record during this stretch 
The weather conditions allowed them to optimize their course, covering 26,412 mi (42,506 km) on the ground, at an average of 26 85 knots, for a theoretical course of 22,461 mi (36,147 km)  Banque Populaire V, the previous recordholder, had to cover almost 2600 more miles (29,002 miles) 

Distance records broken during the 2016 campaign
While the best day of Loïck Peyron's previous record was the only day above 800 miles from his record (811 miles over 24 hours, or 33 79 knots average), Francis Joyon maintains a speed above 800 daily miles for 10 consecutive days 
It thus improves a large number of progress records by a sailboat over a given period:

Other records broken during the 2016 campaign
Boat record and the second longest distance covered by a sailboat in 24 hours with 894 miles 
6 consecutive days at an average of 850 7 miles / 24 h (35 45 knots)
Ushant-Cape Leeuwin 17 d 06 h 59 min 45 (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 17 d 23 h 57 min)
Ushant-Tasmania 18 d 18 h 31 min (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 20 d 07 h 11 min)
Ushant-Antiméridien 20 d 07 h 01 (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 22 d 11 h 34 min)
Ushant-Cape Horn: 26 d 15 h 45 min (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 30 d 22 h 19 min)
Ecuador - Cape Leeuwin: 11 d 12 h (time of Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record: 12 d 9 h 2 min)
Cape Agulhas-cape Leeuwin in 4 days 9 h 37 min 46 at an average speed of 35 08 knots over ground (3,705 miles) or 842 miles in 24 hours (6 days 8 min or 36% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record)
Cape Leeuwin - Cape Horn in 9 d 08 h 46 min (12 d 22 h 22 min or 38% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record)
Cape of Good Hope - Cape Horn in 13 d 20 h 13 min (19 d 00 h 31 min or 37% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record)
Cape of Good Hope - Cape Leeuwin: 4 d 11 h 31 min (6 d 02 h 09 min or 36% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record in 2011)
Cap Leeuwin - Cape Horn in 9 d 08 h 46 min (12 d 22 h 22 min or 38% more for Loïck Peyron's previous record)
Indian Ocean: 5 d 21 h 7 min 45 s (WSSRC reference) (8 d 07 h 23 min or 41% more for Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record)
Pacific Ocean: 7 d 21 h 13 min 31 s (WSSRC reference) (10 d 15 h 07 min or 39% more for Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record)
Ecuador-Ecuador record: 29 d 9 h 10 min 55 s (WSSRC reference) (32 d 11 h 52 min or 11% more for Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record)
North Atlantic return record: 5 d 19 h 21 min (7 d 10 h 58 min or 25% more for Loïck Peyron during the 2011 record)

Jules Verne Trophy records
Notable performances
During her Jules-Verne trophy record in 2011–2012, the Banque Populaire V skippered by Loïck Peyron covered 811 70 nautical miles in 24 hours on 3 December 2011 at 11:45 UT, posting 28 days over 600 miles, including 9 days over 700 miles and 1 day over 800 miles During her Jules-Verne trophy record in 2009–2010, the trimaran Groupama 3 skippered by Franck Cammas covered 798 nautical miles in 24 hours on 13 February 2010 at 5 p m  UT, showing 17 days over 600 miles, including 10 days over 700 miles 
During her Jules-Verne trophy record in 2016–2017, the trimaran Idec sport skippered by Francis Joyon covered 894 nautical miles in 24 hours, and 10 consecutive days at 809 miles / 24 h  Francis Joyon rounds Cape Horn, 16 days after riding off of South America, and after a course of nearly 12,000 miles above an average of 30 knots (730 16 miles / 24 h over 16 days)  He then signs a performance increase of between 30 and 40% compared to the record to be broken by Loïck Peyron 5 years earlier  Leaving the southern seas with a lead of 4 j 06 h 35 min over Loïck Peyron's previous record, Francis Joyon and his crew regained the equivalent of 2,800 miles on the record during this episode 
During the aborted attempt of 2019, Yann Guichard sets a new record crossing the equator in 4 days 19 h 57 min and, thanks to favorable weather conditions, lines up 4,812 1 miles from the 11th to 16th day, or 802 miles / day for 6 consecutive days 
During his record around the world Singlehanded in 2017, 24 hour distance record for François Gabart on Macif: 850,68 miles in 24h During his attempt for the Jules Verne Trophy on December 5, 2020, Thomas Coville on fr:Sodebo Ultim 3 covered 889 9 miles in 24 hours (37 1 knots average, top speed 48 9 knots) 

Passage records
Intermediate records
Failed record attempts
The trophy
The "Trophy Jules Verne" was the subject of a public order of the visual arts delegation with the American artist Tom Shannon and is patroned by the French Ministry of Culture The work is a floating hull on a magnetic field, much as an anchorage for a ship  All dimensions have rigorous symbolic meaning  The midship beam of the hull corresponds to the diameter of the Earth, the ray of each end is proportional to that of the moon and the radius of the curvature of the frames is that of the sun  The competitors of the Trophy Jules Verne race around the Earth against time, with only the sun and the moon as companions and time keepers 
The sculpture is placed on a cast aluminium base, on which the names of the sailors having won the Trophy are engraved  The Musée national de la Marine in Paris hosts and maintains the Trophy  Each winner receives a miniature of the Trophy, magnetized like the original one 
When a record is broken, an official ceremony is held for the previous record holders to hand over the trophy to the new record holders, who are given the hull and must place it in its magnetic field mooring 

See also
Circumnavigation
List of circumnavigations
List of youth solo sailing circumnavigations
Around the world in 80 daysCompetitions and prizes
Global Challenge
Jules Verne Trophy
The race
Oryx Quest
Vendée GlobeOther speed sailing records
Speed sailing record
World Sailing Speed Record Council
Transatlantic sailing record
Around the world sailing record
Passage 7:
Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days
Around the World in 80 Days with Michael Palin is a 7-part BBC television travel series first broadcast on BBC1 in 1989  It was presented by comedian and actor Michael Palin  The show was inspired by Jules Verne's classic 1873 novel Around the World in Eighty Days, in which a character named Phileas Fogg accepts a wager to circumnavigate the globe in eighty days or less 
Palin was given the same deadline, and not allowed to use aircraft, which did not exist in Jules Verne's time and would make completing the journey far too easy  He followed Phileas Fogg's route as closely as possible  Along the way he commented on the sights and cultures he encountered  Palin encountered several setbacks during his voyage, partly because he travelled with a five-person film crew, who are collectively named after Passepartout, Phileas Fogg's manservant 
The programme was a critical and commercial success, gaining strong ratings in the UK and selling well abroad  It was also released on video tape and later on DVD  Following the trip Michael Palin wrote a book about the experience  The book contains much more detail, along with photographs, than could be presented in the TV programme, and Palin's personal views are also more evident 
Around the World in 80 Days was the first of a trilogy of globe-crossing series featuring Michael Palin as he visited many countries  The second series was Pole to Pole with Michael Palin (travelling from the North Pole to the South Pole), an 8-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1992, and the third was Full Circle with Michael Palin (the circumnavigation of the Pacific Rim), a 10-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1997  The series were followed by several similar conceptual travel series featuring Palin as he concentrated on smaller areas of the world  Hemingway Adventure (following in the footsteps of Ernest Hemingway) first broadcast in 1999, Sahara (travelling around and through the Sahara Desert) first broadcast in 2002, Himalaya (travelling around the Himalayas) first broadcast in 2004, New Europe (travelling around Eastern Europe) first broadcast in 2007, Brazil first broadcast in 2012, and Michael Palin in North Korea broadcast in 2018 

The Journey
The series was presented in seven episodes 

The Challenge
Palin accepts the offer from the BBC to attempt travelling around the world in 80 days  After setting off from the Reform Club in London, he boards the Orient Express at Victoria Station in London, while reminiscing on his rigorous preparations for his upcoming circumnavigation, which included a daily exercise programme, a chat with seasoned TV traveller Alan Whicker, who was the BBC's (but not the production team's, who deliberately talked him out of it) first choice for the series and would go on to criticise the show, calling it "a seven-hour ego trip", and the purchase of an inflatable globe  He also has dinner with his 'referees', who include Robert Hewison and fellow Pythons Terry Jones and Terry Gilliam  After taking a ferry across the English Channel, Palin crosses the Alps on board the Venice-Simplon Orient Express before being stopped in Innsbruck due to an Italian railway strike  Arriving in Venice by coach, he helps the local sanitation department clean up the city  After that, he travels through the Corinth Canal to Athens, where he sees the world-renowned Evzones, and meets a die-hard Python fan  After a brief stopover in Crete, Alexandria beckons 
Sections:

Outward Bound
Preparations
The Ultimate Traveller
Orient Express
Bad News
Venice
Travelling by Ferry
An Evening Meal

Arabian Frights
Palin arrives in Alexandria, Egypt, and has difficulty getting a train to Cairo  On arrival, he attends a local football match and appears in a cameo role in an Egyptian film  After seeing the Pyramids in Giza and riding a camel named Michael, Palin runs into difficulties when the ship he was supposed to board has engine problems and cannot sail  Even though he is able to take a ferry from the city of Suez to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, he misses a key connection that would have taken him to Muscat  As a last-ditch effort to save the journey, Palin and the director Clem Vallance (and somebody from the British Embassy and a driver for some of the way) are permitted by the Saudi authorities to drive across Saudi Arabia to Dubai, with the rest of the crew (and their problematic camera equipment) making the journey by air   The Saudi Arabia leg of the trip is represented in the TV series only with a few still pictures taken along the way 
Sections:

Arabian Frights
The Road to Cairo
A Closer Look
An Appointment to Keep
Problems
At Sea
Jeddah
A Plan

Ancient Mariners
Palin recounts his trip from Jeddah to Dubai via Riyadh, and notes that he drove the distance from London to the Black Sea in one weekend 
In Dubai, the team finds a dhow named the Al-Shama to take them to Bombay  Along the way, Palin bonds with the dhow's crew who were an extended family from the Indian state of Gujarat, letting the oldest one listen to a Bruce Springsteen song on his Walkman, and developing a bad case of diarrhoea, resulting in many trips to the ship's unique open-air latrine  The journey took seven days on what became the most famous part of the whole trip featured in the series 
The trip on the dhow yielded so much material that the producers gained special permission to craft this extra seventh episode for what was originally planned as a six-episode series   In the interview included with the DVD release, Palin said that he would like to meet the dhow's crew and thank them again for their gracious hospitality, though he remarks that he may never see them again  In September 2008, Palin announced on his official website that he would be travelling to Gujarat in an attempt to locate the crew and reunite with them   Palin succeeded in finding them and this journey was chronicled in the BBC television documentary, Around the World in 20 Years 
Sections:

Ancient Mariners
Provisions
Mohammed
Life at Sea
Chips
Raising the Mast
Bombay Bum
A First Glimpse of India

A Close Shave
In Bombay, Palin finds himself a week behind Phileas Fogg  After getting a quick shave from a blind barber under a tree and seeing a snake charmer's cobra, he is able to get a train ticket to Madras in south-eastern India  Before leaving Bombay, he visits astrologer Jagjit Uppal who, after giving him a chart for a baby to be born to one of his referees, Robert Hewison, tells him he will complete the journey on time, possibly even ahead of schedule and that time lost will be made up throughout the voyage  He also suggests that this will be just the first of many epic journeys Palin will make over the coming years 
Palin then embarks on the Indian Railways express line called the "Southern Express" for Madras in Tamil Nadu state  On the way, it stops in Pune, where Palin talks about his father winning two rowing cups there in 1923  In Madras, he has difficulty finding a connecting boat to Singapore  Eventually, an "   Anglo-German-Indo-Yugoslav agreement the UN would have been proud of" was reached and Palin sets off on a Yugoslavian freighter, eleven days behind  The agreement allowed only Palin and the cameraman Nigel Meakin to travel aboard the ship, and on condition that they worked as deckhands  That meant that Palin had to take a "crash course in sound recording" so they could film aboard the ship  Arriving in Singapore, Palin worries whether or not his connecting boat from Singapore has sailed  If it had, it would have been impossible to complete the journey in eighty days 
Palin later reunited with the captain of the Croatian ship in Rijeka, Croatia, during filming of his New Europe series  This meeting was not shown in the original broadcast of the series but it is on the deleted scenes on the DVD 
Sections:

A Close Shave
A Day in Bombay
Off to Madras
Making Friends
Arrival
A Boat to Singapore
11 Days Behind Schedule
Waiting to Dock

Oriental Express
Palin finds that the ship had indeed sailed from Singapore  However, quite fortunately, it was only four miles from shore and Palin was able to make it on board using a fast motorboat  While in Hong Kong, he has a big win betting on a horse race, is attacked by a cockatoo and meets up with his friend, photographer Basil Pao  He attends a party thrown in his honour at the halfway point (in terms of days) in the journey  Then it is on to Guangzhou for a dinner of shredded cobra and then a train journey to Shanghai  On the train, he is asked by a Chinese businesswoman if he carries an umbrella all the time  Palin replied, "I just get wet " He also collects the roofing tile requested by Terry Gilliam from a very old railway station 
Sections:

Oriental Express
Welcome to Hong Kong
Local Life
The Hong Kong Riviera
"China, here we come"
A Snake Supper
The Train to Shanghai
A Four Seasons Climate

Far East and Farther East
In Shanghai, Palin gets some herbal remedies to help him on the rest of his trip  He and Basil Pao take in a Chinese jazz band  After parting with Pao the next day, Palin takes a Chinese ferry to Yokohama, where he rides the world-famous shinkansen train to Tokyo  Here he meets David Powers, a British journalist, and is taken to a sushi bar and then a karaoke bar, where he sings a duet of "You Are My Sunshine"  After spending the night in a capsule hotel, he boards a container ship to cross the Pacific Ocean  The journey takes eleven days and is very dull, enlivened only by a game of pass the parcel with the Singaporean crew, and the crossing of the International Date Line   Palin partakes in an unusual ceremony to commemorate crossing the line, involving getting doused in tomato paste and flour, and drinking a strange cocktail containing many ingredients, among others, "eggs, curry powder, cocoa   "  Palin suggests that some people involved in the ceremony had watched Full Metal Jacket to prepare for it 
Sections:

Far East and Farther East
Time to Move On
Japan
Karaoke
The Neptune Garnet
Worsening Weather
Ship-Lag
Halfway Round the World

Dateline to Deadline
Arriving in Long Beach, California only two days behind Fogg, Palin spends his first night in America aboard the permanently berthed Queen Mary  After a few days, he boards Amtrak's Desert Wind in Los Angeles and travels to Glenwood Springs, Colorado in the Rocky Mountains  He takes a hot-air balloon ride and a dog sled trip in Aspen, Colorado  After a nerve-wracking delay he realises he probably should have stayed on the Chicago-bound train  Eventually arriving in New York City (Palin was actually supposed to depart North America from Nova Scotia, Canada, as he mentions earlier in the film, but the reason for the substitution for New York is not mentioned in either the film or the book, although the delay due to the stopover in Colorado is a probable cause)  However, in the first episode it is mentioned that departure from either New York City or Nova Scotia would be where the final leg of the journey would take place  He boards the final ship of his journey dead even with Phileas Fogg on day 71  This container ship takes eight days to cross the Atlantic Ocean, and after a quick lunch in Le Havre, Palin arrives in Felixstowe, touching Great Britain for the first time in two and a half months  A few train connections later he arrives at his starting point, the Reform Club in London, but is not allowed in to film, but Palin does get a warm welcome at the BBC with his referees  The journey ends 79 days and 7 hours after it began  The closing credits show Palin chatting with his referees at the BBC offices as he presents the souvenirs requested by them at the beginning to ceremonially prove his accomplishment 

Sections:

Dateline to Deadline
America by Train
Glenwood Springs
Behind Schedule Again
New York Bound
Nine Days Left
Felixstowe
The End in Sight

Production
The journey around the world lasted from 25 September to 12 December 1988  Palin travelled through the following countries by foot, train, ship, balloon, and husky dog, amongst other methods of transport (except for aircraft): United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Italy, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, India, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Japan, and the United States 
Only four members of Palin's film crew completed the circumnavigation: Clem Vallance, Roger Mills (the directors), Angela Elbourne, and Ann Holland (the production assistants)  The three others who started with him left when they got to Hong Kong, and were replaced by others  Strictly speaking, it was only Palin who obeyed the rules of the journey, as the production team was not allowed on the road trip across Saudi Arabia and Qatar (Palin and Clem Vallance did this stretch) or on the Croatian ship (Palin and Nigel Meakin did this stretch)  The remainder of the team flew on these stretches  During the Jeddah to Dubai episode, Palin managed to snap a few pictures which are seen in the documentary 
While preparing for the journey, Palin had a chat with renowned documentarist Alan Whicker  In the book and an interview on the DVD, Palin mentions that Whicker had been the BBC's first choice of presenter, but he and two others (Miles Kington and Noel Edmonds) had declined; Palin was fourth on the BBC's list 

Around the World in 20 Years
On 30 December 2008, the BBC aired a special one-hour documentary entitled Around the World in 20 Years  In it, Palin goes in search of the crew of the Al Shama, the dhow which carried him from Dubai to Bombay (now Mumbai) some 20 years ago  After an extensive search involving the shipping company that owned Al Shama, Palin tracks them to the city of Mandvi in Gujarat  There, Palin finds the captain of Al Shama himself, along with five other members of the crew  Two of the original crew members had died in the intervening years, one of them being the older man whom Palin had let listen to Bruce Springsteen on his Walkman  Palin also discovers that the Al Shama had sunk in the Indian Ocean while being towed for repairs years before  The production crew are the same people as on 80 Days 

See also
Television portal
 World portal
Passage 8:
Summer Magic
Summer Magic may refer to:

Summer Magic (film), a 1963 Walt Disney Productions family musical film
Summer Magic (EP), an EP by Red Velvet
Summer Magic (song), a song by Ai
Summer Magic, a 1994 set of Magic: The Gathering cards
Context 2: Passage 1:
Live at the Electric
Live at the Electric is a British comedy series that aired on BBC Three from 31 May 2012 and 28 February 2014 and is hosted by Russell Kane who performed stand-up in between comedy sketches from a variety of performers such as Joe Wilkinson and Diane Morgan's double act Two Episodes of Mash  It also featured comedy duo Totally Tom serving as backstage crew for the show 

External links
Live at the Electric at BBC Online 
Live at the Electric at British Comedy Guide
Passage 2:
Start-rite
Start-rite is a brand of children's shoes  The shoemaker, purportedly Britain's oldest and one of the first manufacturers in Norfolk, was established in 1792 in Norwich, England, by James Smith  His grandson, James Southall, gave the firm its current name; it rose in prominence during the 20th century thanks in part to an iconic poster, reading Children's shoes have far to go, which was displayed on the London Underground for 20 years from 1947  Controversy exists around the origins of the image in this poster  It has been attributed to artists  Andy Wood, William Grimmond, Joe Wilkinson of Stanley Studios, Susan Pearce, Nancy Gardner and to the company's own advertising agent In 1955 Start-rite was granted a royal warrant by Queen Elizabeth II to supply footwear for the young Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward   The company was granted a second royal warrant in 1989 by the Prince of Wales to supply children's footwear for Prince William and Prince Harry  This royal warrant was withdrawn in 2003 on production being moved from the UK  In 2016 Prince George was pictured wearing Start-rite shoes in an official portrait taken to commemorate the 90th birthday of the Queen In 2003 the company ceased production in the UK, outsourcing its operations to India and Portugal  The cost cutting move came amid a £600,000 annual loss, which the company reversed the following year to turn a £1 5 million profit  Sales further increased by 20% to 2007 The company focuses on correctly fitting shoes to children's feet, and was the first to introduce variable width fittings for children's shoes  It once maintained concession stores in the now-defunct children's clothing retailer Adams 
Passage 3:
Nora Lewin
Nora Lewin is a fictional character on the TV show Law & Order, played by two-time Academy Award winning actress Dianne Wiest from 2000 to 2002  She appeared in 51 episodes (48 episodes of Law & Order, one episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent and two episodes of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit)  Her character was particularly notable for the fact that she was the first woman in the program's history to hold the position of New York County District Attorney (no woman has held the position in real life)  Pursuant to New York law, an interim District Attorney is appointed by the Governor 

Role within Law & Order
Prior to her appointment as interim DA, Lewin was a law professor, which often provoked her critics to dismiss her as a detached academic with no practical experience  Lewin's term as DA is defined by a liberally directed program of legal application to many notable criminal cases, which often brings her into political and legal dilemmas  While she is an idealist, however, she is not prepared to subvert the correct application of the law due to her personal beliefs  In a 2001 episode, she is confronted with the decision to pursue the death penalty in a conviction of an 18-year-old murderer  While she personally opposes the death penalty, she realizes that her office would be seen as soft on crime, and reluctantly succumbs to political pressure  The young man is found guilty and sent to death row Lewin works closely with Jack McCoy (Sam Waterston) and Abbie Carmichael (Angie Harmon)  Her political beliefs often put her into conflict with both of them, especially the latter, a staunch political conservative  After Carmichael leaves the DA's office, Lewin replaces her with Serena Southerlyn (Elisabeth Röhm), whose liberal idealism more closely resembles her own political philosophy She has a niece, indicating that she has at least one sibling 

Departure
In September 2002, after two years of her term as District Attorney, Lewin departs the office  The manner in which she departed the show is never specified on screen  However, in his tie-in book Law & Order: Crime Scenes, Dick Wolf wrote that his intention for the character was that Lewin found herself disenchanted with the position of D A , and opted not to run for election following her interim term  Fred Dalton Thompson subsequently joined the cast as Republican Arthur Branch  Wiest later stated, in the book Actors at Work, written by Rosemarie Tichler and Barry Jay Kaplan, that she was tired of the role and wished to move on to other projects 
In her first scene, Lewin is introduced to McCoy by Mayor Rudy Giuliani (playing himself in a cameo appearance), who praises Lewin's record and assures her that she will do a fine job as District Attorney 

Appearances on other TV series
Law & Order: Criminal Intent
Season One
Episode 1: "One"
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Season Three
Episode 10: "Ridicule"
Season Four
Episode 1: "Chameleon"
Passage 4:
Lucy Davis
Lucy Clare Davis (born 17 February 1973) is an English actress best known for playing Dawn Tinsley in the BBC comedy The Office (2001–2003)  
She is also known for her roles as Hilda Spellman in the Netflix series The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2018–2020), Dianne in the horror-comedy Shaun of the Dead (2004), and Etta Candy in Wonder Woman (2017)  She is also currently playing the role of Eva in Disney Channel's action comedy series The Villains of Valley View, which premiered on 3 June 2022 

Career
Davis appeared briefly in an episode of The Detectives, a show created for and starring her father (Jasper Carrott)  She played Maria Lucas in the BBC's 1995 production of Pride and Prejudice, and also had a role in the 1996 Christmas special of One Foot in the Grave  After her breakthrough role as Dawn Tinsley in The Office, Davis appeared in the films Sex Lives of the Potato Men and Shaun of the Dead in 2004, whilst continuing to play Hayley Jordan in The Archers on BBC Radio 4  She gave up this last role when her other acting responsibilities made it impossible to continue, and the part was recast in September 2005 
Davis appeared in the third-season episode "Elephants and Hens" of UK TV programme Black Books  In 2006, Davis appeared as the "Fashion TV" host on ABC's Ugly Betty, and later that year played writer Lucy Kenwright in NBC's Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip  In 2008, she appeared in several episodes of the US series Reaper  In 2010, Davis starred in ITV's six-episode comedy drama, Married Single Other, and also appeared in a guest role in The Mentalist alongside her then-husband Owain Yeoman  Davis also appears in the John Landis-produced thriller Some Guy Who Kills People  In 2012, Davis had a guest voice part in Family Guy for the episode "Be Careful What You Fish For"  Davis appeared in series two, episode eight of the BBC series Death in Paradise (2013)  She became a Patron for the performing arts group Theatretrain in 2012 Davis plays the role of Etta Candy in the 2017 film Wonder Woman  Her performance marked the first live action cinematic portrayal of that comic book character  Davis has said of the character: "She's a woman in a man's world and so being heard and seen aren't the easiest things, but it kind of doesn't deter her  Etta is unapologetically herself and I think that that's the thing that has drawn me to her the most    it took quite a while in my life to be unapologetically myself "Davis appeared in the Netflix series The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina as Hilda Spellman, which aired from 2018 to 2020  She is starring as Eva, known as the supervillain Surge, on the Disney Channel sitcom The Villains of Valley View which premiered on 3 June 2022 

Personal life
Davis is the daughter of Hazel Jackson and comedian Robert Davis, better known as Jasper Carrott  In December 1997, Davis underwent a kidney transplant after being diagnosed with kidney failure during a medical examination  Her mother donated the kidney  Around Christmas 2005 she was hospitalised once again because of kidney failure, but later recovered  Davis also has type 1 diabetes On 9 December 2006, Davis married Welsh actor Owain Yeoman at St Paul's Cathedral, London  The wedding was attended by fellow The Office cast members and writers  Davis was entitled to marry there as her father is an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and St Paul's contains the chapel of the order  The couple separated in January 2011 and divorced in October 2011 In 2007, Davis posed nude in the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals's campaign against the Guards Division's continued use of traditional bearskin caps 

Filmography
Film
Television
Radio
Passage 5:
Diane Morgan
Diane Morgan (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress, comedian, television presenter, and writer  She is best known for playing Philomena Cunk on Charlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe and in other mockumentaries, as Liz in the BBC Two sitcom Motherland, and Kath in the Netflix dark comedy series After Life  She also wrote and starred in the BBC Two comedy series Mandy 

Early life
Morgan was born in Bolton, Greater Manchester on 5 October 1975, daughter of a physiotherapist and a stay-at-home mother; she has one brother  She grew up in nearby Farnworth and Kearsley, and attended George Tomlinson School in Kearsley  When she was 20, she studied at the East 15 Acting School in Loughton  She said in a 2020 interview, "There were a few actors on [my father]'s side of the family: Julie Goodyear, Frank Finlay and Jack Wild  What a dynasty  We're like the Redgraves  Julie's got a touch of the Mandys, actually  Maybe I could cast her as Mandy's mum "

Career
Morgan had a small part as Dawn in Peter Kay's Phoenix Nights before a spell working various jobs, including as a dental assistant, a telemarketer, a potato peeler at a chip shop, selling Avon, and boxing up worming tablets in a factory  She subsequently made her first attempt at stand-up comedy  She was placed second in the Hackney Empire New Act of the Year award in 2006, and as runner-up in the 2006 Funny Women Awards Morgan and Joe Wilkinson later formed a sketch comedy duo called Two Episodes of Mash  From 2008, they performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe for three consecutive years, and in 2010, they appeared on Robert Webb's satirical news show Robert's Web  In 2012, the act completed its second BBC radio series (co-starring David O'Doherty), and appeared in BBC Three's Live at the Electric  In the same year, she appeared in Him & Her, which featured Wilkinson, and in 2013, she played Nicola in the TV series Pat & Cabbage  In 2014, she made an appearance in the TV series Utopia, as Tess, and in 2015, she appeared in two episodes of Drunk History 

Philomena Cunk
Morgan is perhaps best known for her portrayal of Philomena Cunk, an extremely dim-witted and ill-informed interviewer and commentator on current affairs  The character first appeared in a regular segment on Charlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe (2013–2015)  Cunk has since appeared in other mockumentary contexts  In December 2016, she presented BBC Two's Cunk on Christmas  In April 2018, the five-part historical mockumentary Cunk on Britain began broadcasting on BBC Two  Also in 2018, Morgan wrote Cunk on Everything: The Encyclopedia Philomena, published by Two Roads on 1 November  In December 2019, Morgan appeared as Cunk for short episodes of Cunk and Other Humans, once again on BBC Two  She returned in a one-off episode of Charlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe titled "Antiviral Wipe", about the COVID-19 pandemic, in May 2020  Another series, Cunk on Earth, began broadcasting in September 2022  For her performance in the latter, Morgan was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Female Comedy Performance 

Other roles
Morgan played David Brent's public relations guru in the film David Brent: Life on the Road (2016)  She has appeared in several short films, including The Boot Sale, which was shortlisted in the Virgin Media Shorts film competition 2010 In 2016, Morgan played Mandy in Sky One's comedy Rovers, appearing in all six episodes of the first series  She also appeared in the pilot for the BBC2 comedy We the Jury as Olivia  She also plays receptionist Talia in Sky's comedy drama Mount Pleasant and Liz in the BBC2 sitcom Motherland 
Morgan plays Kath in the Netflix black-comedy series After Life, written by Ricky Gervais  She starred in the Gold sitcom The Cockfields, again alongside Wilkinson, and in comedy-drama Frayed in 2019  In 2019, she wrote, directed, and starred in the BBC2 comedy short Mandy, described as "a comedy by Diane Morgan about Mandy, a woman who really, really wants a sofa, and will stop at absolutely nothing to get it"  Carol Decker appeared as herself in the short  The character returned in August 2020 for the full series Mandy, with Shaun Ryder, Maxine Peake, and Natalie Cassidy in guest roles  A Christmas special, We Wish You a Mandy Christmas, loosely based on A Christmas Carol, was broadcast in December 2021 Also in 2020, Morgan played Gemma Nerrick in the British mockumentary Death to 2020, created by Charlie Brooker and Annabel Jones  She reprised the role in Death to 2021  She voiced the character 105E in the 2021 animated Cartoon Network series Elliott from Earth 
In April 2022, Morgan starred as Donna in the first episode of the seventh series of Inside No  9  In December 2022, Morgan reprised her role as Liz on Motherland for the Christmas special 

Personal life
Morgan lives in the Bloomsbury district of London with her boyfriend, BBC comedy producer Ben Caudell Interviewed by Stuart Jeffries for The Guardian' in 2016, she said, "I've always wanted to make people laugh  It's been my only ambition, ever since my dad introduced me to the genius of the great comedians: Tony Hancock, Woody Allen, people like that  While other kids were into New Kids on the Block, I was into Harold Lloyd and Stan Laurel  I'm still like that  I don't have any hobbies "

Filmography
Passage 6:
My Family (series 10)
The tenth series of the BBC family sitcom My Family originally aired between 9 July 2010, and 27 August 2010, with a Christmas special that went to air on 24 December 2010  The series was commissioned following consistent ratings from the previous series  The opening episode, "Wheelie Ben", re-introduces the six main characters, with the addition of regular appearances from Kenzo Harper, played by Tayler Marshall  However, the character of Roger Bailey only made an appearance in the series finale  All episodes from the tenth series are thirty minutes in length, with the exception of the Christmas Special  The series was once again produced by Rude Boy Productions, a company that produces comedies created by Fred Barron  Unlike previous series of the show, which were filmed on a yearly basis, both Series 10 and 11 were filmed back-to-back  For the first time in the show's history, two episodes of the series remained unaired for some time  At the time of release, the DVD of the series contained two episodes that had yet to be broadcast on television  On 17 June 2011, one of these two episodes were aired, and the remaining one aired on 22 July 2011  The series averaged 4 55 million per episode; however, they managed to get over 6 00 million viewers for the Christmas Special 

Episode Information
Notes
Passage 7:
David Earl (actor)
David Geoffrey Earl (born 20th March 1974) is a British actor and comedian, best known for his comedy character Brian Gittins  He has featured in several projects associated with Ricky Gervais, most notably as Kevin "Kev" Twine in the comedy-drama Derek, and in smaller roles in Extras, After Life and the film Cemetery Junction  Earl also works frequently with comic Joe Wilkinson  Together they co-wrote and starred in the sitcom Rovers, and the comedy series The Cockfields  They also host three podcasts called Gossipmongers, Chatabix and My New Football Club  He also co-wrote and starred in the feature film Brian and Charles where he plays an isolated inventor who builds a robot 

Early life
Earl was born in Crawley in 1974  Before undertaking any acting roles, Earl worked as a gardener and as a van driver, delivering building tools 

Comedy career
One of Earl's earliest online videos featured him playing a character called Graham, which he sent to a friend who showed it to Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant  They liked the video and Gervais asked Earl to play an obsessive fan, based on the character from the video, who talks to Andy Millman in a pub in an episode of Extras  Around this time Earl played Tony Queen in the film The Penalty King Earl went on to create a number of online videos in character as Brian Gittins and played this role in the film Cemetery Junction  In 2012 a sitcom pilot entitled Gittins was broadcast on Channel 4  In the pilot Gittins works as a taxi driver: previously the character had been a cafe owner and this discrepancy is highlighted in an episode of the podcast Flatshare Slamdown, in which Earl appears as Brian  He releases regular Brian Gittins and Friends podcasts Another of Earl's characters is Steve "Cumbo" Cumberland, who features in a number of online videos, including a Channel 4 Comedy Blaps series, co-written with Brett Goldstein In 2011, Earl was revealed to be the person behind the popular Twitter account of Dr Peter Thraft, a supposed sex therapist 

Personal life
Earl has three children and lives in Devon 

Filmography
Podcasts
The Brian Gittins Show
A live radio show hosted on Spreaker from 2012-2017, where Brian played the role of 'the worst radio presenter in the world'  Callers would Skype in from around the world, and these included David Edwards and Charles Petrescu 

Brian Gittins and Friends
Brian, David Edwards and Charles Petrescu have a chat with various comedians  It started in 2016, with guests including John Kearns, Lolly Adefope, and Scroobius Pip 

Gossipmongers
In 2019, David Earl, Joe Wilkinson and Poppy Hillstead began a podcast called Gossipmongers, a weekly podcast where listeners send in unsubstantiated rumours  At the end of each episode they choose their favourite piece of gossip from that episode  In 2020 Poppy was booted from the podcast by Joe and David 

Chatabix
In 2021, David Earl and Joe Wilkinson began a podcast called Chatabix, a daily weekday podcast recorded very early in the morning 

My New Football Club
In 2021, David Earl and Jon Beer began a podcast called My New Football Club  A weekly podcast about David becoming a new fan of Exeter City 
Passage 8:
7 Day Sunday
7 Day Sunday (7 Day Saturday in 2013) is a British comedy radio talk show hosted by Al Murray on BBC Radio 5 Live  Broadcast weekly on Sunday mornings, the show takes an irreverent look at the topical news stories of the past seven days  
Originally presented by Chris Addison: he was joined by regular guests Sarah Millican and Andy Zaltzman, and a fourth special guest each episode  It premièred in January 2010 to mixed reviews  It returned for a second series in September 2010  Al Murray served as host for the last five episodes of the second series, joined by regular guests Rebecca Front and Joe Wilkinson  The show returned for a third series in January 2012 with Murray hosting alongside Andy Zaltzman and Rebecca Front as the regular guests  A fourth series followed from September 2012 

History
7 Day Sunday was announced as a new show on 11 December 2009, to be hosted by Addison and broadcast for an hour in the 11 am to 12 noon slot  The guests for the opening episode were to be Zaltzman, Millican, and a special guest  It was to replace another comedy show The Christian O'Connell Solution, hosted by Christian O'Connell with Bob Mills  The new show was to begin on 10 January 2010, as part of the wider re-organisation of 5 Live's schedule which had already begun to be announced in October 2009, the largest since controller Adrian Van Klaveren joined the station in April 2008 The show is produced for 5 Live by Avalon Television  It was initially commissioned for a 20-week run  This first series duly ran from 10 January 2010 until 6 June 2010  After three months it resumed for a second series on 5 September 2010 until 3 April 2011  The third series began 8 January 2012 In press interviews during March 2010 while promoting his upcoming stand-up tour, Addison explained that doing a radio show was a childhood ambition, and that as a "current affairs junkie", hosting 7 Day Sunday was ideal, more relaxed than television and good fun, with the weekly deadline being a good motivation
Context 3: Passage 1:
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (also known as Spirit) is a 2002 American animated western film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by DreamWorks Pictures  The film was directed by Kelly Asbury and Lorna Cook (in their feature directorial debuts) from a screenplay by John Fusco, based on an idea by Jeffrey Katzenberg, who produced the film alongside Mireille Soria Set in the Old West in the late 19th century, the film follows Spirit, a Kiger mustang stallion (voiced by Matt Damon as a narrator), who is captured during the American Indian Wars by the United States Cavalry; he is eventually freed by a Lakota man named Little Creek with whom he bonds, as well as a mare named Rain  In contrast to the anthropomorphic style of animal characters in other animated features, Spirit and his fellow horses communicate with each other through non-linguistic sounds and body language (albeit with many human facial expressions and reactions) 
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron was released in cinemas on May 24, 2002 and was a box-office disappointment, earning only $122 million on an $80 million budget  It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, but lost to Spirited Away  The film also launched a media franchise using computer animation, with a Netflix spin-off television series Spirit Riding Free premiering on May 5, 2017, followed by  a spin-off of the original film, titled Spirit Untamed, released on June 4, 2021 

Plot
In the 19th-century American West, a Kiger mustang colt, Spirit, is born to a herd of wild horses; he grows into a stallion and assumes the leadership of the herd  One night, upon following a strange light near his herd, Spirit finds horses tied to a log and their wranglers sleeping around a campfire  They awake and, after a chase, capture him and take him to a US cavalry fort 
The leader of the fort, the Colonel, orders Spirit to be broken; however, Spirit defies all attempts  The Colonel retaliates by having him tied to a post for three days without food or water  Meanwhile, a Lakota Native American named Little Creek is also brought into the fort and held captive  After three days, Spirit is weak enough that the Colonel takes control of him, boasting that any wild horse can eventually be tamed, but seeing the disappointment in the other captive horses, Spirit gets a second wind and throws him off  Humiliated and livid, the Colonel is about to shoot him before Little Creek frees himself from his bonds with a knife and saves Spirit; they escape, releasing the other horses in the process  However, Little Creek catches Spirit himself and takes him to his village 
After returning to the Lakota village, Little Creek attempts to tame Spirit with kindness, but Spirit still refuses to be broken  Little Creek ties Spirit with his mare Rain, hoping she can discipline him  Spirit eventually falls in love with Rain despite not understanding her attachment to humans  Soon, Little Creek and Spirit come to a mutual respect and the former realizes that the horse will never be tamed, so he lets Spirit go  Spirit is about to return to his herd and convince Rain to come with him when he notices the Colonel and his men charging to attack the village  During the battle, at which Spirit returns to help, the Colonel shoots Rain and she falls into a river; he is about to shoot Little Creek, but Spirit knocks the Colonel off his horse, deflecting the shot and saving his life  Spirit then runs after Rain in attempts to rescue her, but they both plummet over a waterfall  Spirit stays by Rain's side, only for the cavalry to recapture him but leave her for dead  Little Creek tends to Rain and vows to free Spirit in return for his life being saved by him 
Broken, Spirit is put in a train with other captured horses from the village and loses his self-worth  However, he has a vision of his family from his homeland running free, strengthening him again  Spirit is forced to work on the transcontinental railroad, pulling a steam locomotive with other horses  After noticing that the railroad will pass right through his home, Spirit quickly breaks free from the sledge and then frees the other horses  They all escape, but the loss of the horses causes the locomotive come tumbling down the hill with Spirit running for his life from it  It crashes into a station and into another locomotive, causing an explosion that sets the forest ablaze  Spirit is trapped when the chain around his neck snags on a fallen tree  Little Creek intervenes setting him free, and together they escape by jumping into a ravine 
The next morning, the Colonel and his cavalry find Spirit and Little Creek and a chase ensues through the Grand Canyon, where they get trapped on one side of a gorge  Spirit makes an incredible leap to the other side, and his bravery amazes the Colonel; he stops one of his privates from shooting Spirit, and humbly accepts defeat and leaves them be  Celebrating their victory & freedom, Little Creek returns to the Lakota village with Spirit and finds Rain nursed back to health, and names the stallion "Spirit Who Could Not Be Broken"  Spirit and Rain are then set loose by Little Creek; they depart to Spirit's homeland, where they reunite with his herd 

Cast
Matt Damon as Spirit, a Kiger mustang horse
James Cromwell as The Colonel, leader of a cavalry of soldiers  He is based on George Armstrong Custer 
Daniel Studi as Little Creek, a Lakota Native American whom Spirit befriends 
Chopper Bernet as Sgt  Adams, a cavalry sergeant
Jeff LeBeau as Murphy, the first soldier who tries to break Spirit
Jeff LeBeau also voices a Railroad Foreman
Richard McGonagle as Bill, a wrangler
Matt Levin as Joe, one of the wranglers
Robert Cait as Jake, one of the wranglers
Charles Napier as Roy, one of the wranglers
Zahn McClarnon as Little Creek's Friend
Michael Horse as Little Creek's Friend
Donald Fullilove as Train Pull Foreman

Production
Development
Writer John Fusco, best known for his work in the Western and Native American genres (such as the films Young Guns and Young Guns II), was hired by DreamWorks Animation to create an original screenplay based on an idea by Jeffrey Katzenberg  Fusco began by writing and submitting a novel to the studio and then adapted his own work into screenplay format  He remained on the project as the main writer over the course of four years, working closely with Katzenberg, the directors, and artists 

Animation and design
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron was made over the course of four years using a conscious blend of traditional hand-drawn animation and computer animation  James Baxter said that the animation was the most difficult piece of production he worked on for a movie: "I literally spent the first few weeks with my door shut, telling everyone, 'Go away; I've got to concentrate ' It was quite daunting because when I first started to draw horses, I suddenly realized how little I knew " The team at DreamWorks, under his guidance, used a horse named "Donner" as the model for Spirit and brought the horse to the animation studio in Glendale, California for the animators to study  Sound designer Tim Chau was dispatched to stables outside Los Angeles to record the sounds of real horses; the final product features real hoof beats and horse vocals that were used to express their vocalizations in the film  None of the animal characters in the film speak English beyond occasional reflective narration from the protagonist mustang, voiced by Matt Damon in the film  Many of the animators who worked on Spirit would later work on Shrek 2, as their influence can be seen for the character Donkey  The production team, consisting of Kelly Asbury, Lorna Cook, Mireille Soria, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Kathy Altieri, Luc Desmarchelier, Ron Lukas, and story supervisor Ronnie del Carmen took a trip to the western United States to view scenic places they could use as inspiration for locations in the film  The homeland of the mustangs and Lakotas is based on Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Yosemite National Park, and the  Teton mountain range; the cavalry outpost was also based on Monument Valley 

Traveling to all those different places, we were reminded that this is a magnificent country, so in some respects, it was a way for us to honor and to celebrate the grandeur in our own backyard  Geographically, we kind of threw convention out the window  We took the best from nature and gave it our own spin, and ultimately it served the story well  Additional animation and fine line services were provided by Anvil Studios, Bardel Entertainment and Stardust Pictures 

Music
The instrumental score was composed by Hans Zimmer with songs by Bryan Adams in both the English and French versions of the album  The opening theme song for the film, "Here I Am" was written by Bryan Adams, Gretchen Peters, and Hans Zimmer  It was produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis  Another song, not included in the film itself (although it can be heard in the ending credits), is "Don't Let Go", which is sung by Bryan Adams with Sarah McLachlan on harmonies and piano  It was written by Bryan Adams, Gavin Greenaway, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, and Gretchen Peters  Many of the songs and arrangements were set in the American West, with themes based on love, landscapes, brotherhood, struggles, and journeys  Garth Brooks was originally supposed to write and record songs for the film but the deal fell through  The Italian versions of the songs were sung by Zucchero  The Spanish versions of the tracks on the album were sung by Erik Rubín (Hispanic America) and Raúl (Spain)  The Brazilian version of the movie soundtrack was sung in Portuguese by Paulo Ricardo  The Norwegian versions of the songs were sung by Vegard Ylvisåker of the Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis 

Release
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron was released in theaters on May 24, 2002 

Home media
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron was released on VHS and DVD on November 19, 2002  It was re-released on DVD on May 18, 2010  The film was released on Blu-ray by Paramount Home Entertainment, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment and Universal Pictures Home Entertainment on May 13, 2014 

Reception
Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron holds an overall approval rating of 69% based on 127 reviews, with an average rating of 6 40/10  The site's critical consensus reads: "A visually stunning film that may be too predictable and politically correct for adults, but should serve children well " Review aggregator Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 52 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale Critic Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four and said in his review, "Uncluttered by comic supporting characters and cute sidekicks, Spirit is more pure and direct than most of the stories we see in animation – a fable I suspect younger viewers will strongly identify with " Leonard Maltin of Hot Ticket called it "one of the most beautiful and exciting animated features ever made"  Clay Smith of Access Hollywood considered the film "An Instant Classic"  Jason Solomons described the film as "a crudely drawn DreamWorks animation about a horse that saves the West by bucking a US Army General"  USA Today's Claudia Puig gave it 3 stars out of 4, writing that the filmmakers' "most significant achievement is fashioning a movie that will touch the hearts of both children and adults, as well as bring audiences to the edge of their seats " Dave Kehr of the New York Times criticized the way in which the film portrayed Spirit and Little Creek as "pure cliches" and suggested that the film could have benefited from a comic relief character  The film was screened out of competition at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival  Rain was the first animated horse to receive an honorary registration certificate from the American Paint Horse Association (APHA) 

Box office
When the film opened on Memorial Day Weekend 2002, the film earned $17,770,036 on the Friday-Sunday period, and $23,213,736 through the four-day weekend for a $6,998 average from 3,317 theaters  The film overall opened in fourth place behind Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Spider-Man, and Insomnia  In its second weekend, the film retreated 36% to $11,303,814 for a $3,362 average from expanding to 3,362 theaters and finishing in fifth place for the weekend  In its third weekend, the film decreased 18% to $9,303,808 for a $2,767 average from 3,362 theaters  The film closed on September 12, 2002, after earning $73,280,117 in the United States and Canada with an additional $49,283,422 overseas for a worldwide total of $122,563,539, against an $80 million budget 

Accolades
Expanded franchise
Video games
Two video games based on the film were released on October 28, 2002, by THQ: the PC game Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron — Forever Free and the Game Boy Advance game Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron — Search for Homeland A third game "Lucky's Big Adventure" was released in 2021 based on the "Untamed" film sequel below 

Book series
Shortly after the movie, a book series called “Spirit of the West” was released by writer Kathleen Duey; telling the story of Spirit’s family lineage and herd 

Spin-off television series
A computer-animated spin-off television series based on the film, titled Spirit Riding Free, premiered on Netflix on May 5, 2017  The series follows all the daring adventures when Spirit, who is the offspring of the original, meets a girl named Lucky whose courage matches his own 

Spin-off film
A computer-animated film, titled Spirit Untamed, was released on June 4, 2021 by Universal Pictures  It is a film adaptation of the spin-off series Spirit Riding Free as well as a spin-off of the original film 

See also
List of animated feature films
Kiger Mustang, the horse breed of Spirit, the protagonist of the story
Passage 2:
John Paesano
John Paesano (born July 2, 1977) is an American composer working primarily in film, television and video games  He is known for collaborating with director Wes Ball on the Maze Runner film series, as well as composing for the Marvel Television series Daredevil and The Defenders  As a video game composer, he has contributed music to the acclaimed titles, Detroit Become Human, Marvel's Spider-Man and Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales  For his work on Miles Morales, Paesano won the BAFTA for Best music in a video game 

Biography
Paesano was born in Detroit  He first studied classical music at Conservatoire de Paris located in Parc de la Villette, France before continuing his studies at Berklee College of Music pursuing a major in musical composition and film scoring  John knew from the age of nine years old, he wanted to become a music composer  He then worked under composers Jerry Goldsmith and John Williams providing additional music for the former, and orchestrating for the latter  Paesano cites Steven Spielberg's 1987 film Empire of the Sun as his motivation for getting into film scoring In 2014, Paesano was hired to compose the music for The Maze Runner  Speaking of the job, he recalled seeing Wes Ball's 2011 short film, Ruin and was intrigued by it, composing a short demo (which eventually would become the "Maze Runner" theme) for Ball  He visited the sets in New Orleans, observing the "environmental soundscape" and tried to incorporate the natural sounds into his score  He recorded the score with an orchestra at the Newman Scoring Stage with sessions running for 2 weeks  Paesano would later return to score the 2nd and 3rd film of the series, Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials and Maze Runner: The Death Cure Paesano was later tasked with composing the score to Spider-Man developed by Insomniac Games, joining the game's development in the early stages  He worked with game director Bryan Intihar and brought about creating several character themes, emphasising the need for the music to be its "own character" in the game  Paesano ensured that his music struck a balance between the cinematics and the gameplay as he wanted the player to be fully immersed  He looked at distinguishing his music from past Spider-Man films and games and decided to focus on creating a musical identity for Peter Parker In 2021, he composed the music for the Avengers Campus themed area at Disney California Adventure, combining themes from the MCU's Avengers, Spider-Man, Doctor Strange, Guardians of the Galaxy, Ant-Man, Captain Marvel, and Black Panther films; a single entitled "Welcome Recruits" was released in April 2022 

Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Theme park attractions
Awards
Passage 3:
Gift of the Night Fury
Gift of the Night Fury is a 2011 American computer-animated short film by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Tom Owens  It was released on November 15, 2011 on DVD and Blu-ray, along with another original animated short film Book of Dragons Based on How to Train Your Dragon, the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday  After all dragons inexplicably fly away, the last one of them unwittingly kidnaps Hiccup  Jay Baruchel, Gerard Butler, Craig Ferguson, America Ferrera, Jonah Hill, T J  Miller, Kristen Wiig, and Christopher Mintz-Plasse all reprise their roles from the original film 

Plot
Right before Berk's traditional winter holiday of Snoggletog, all the dragons of Berk unexpectedly depart, leaving everyone distraught – except for Toothless, who cannot fly by himself  Out of compassion, Hiccup builds him a new automatic prosthesis allowing him independent flight, thus gifting him his freedom; he then flies off too 
Three days later, Meatlug, Fishlegs' dragon whom he had secretly kept chained, escapes, inadvertently taking Hiccup with her  Meatlug flies to an island with hot springs, where all the dragons (except Toothless, who is nowhere to be found) have been hatching their eggs  Meanwhile, on Berk, Astrid and the other teens discover dragon eggs in Meatlug's nest, which they scatter around Berk in hopes of lifting the villagers' spirits; this plan backfires, because dragon eggs hatch explosively (normally underwater)  Berk is severely damaged in the process 
On the dragons' island, Hiccup meets Stormfly (Astrid's dragon) and Hookfang (Snotlout's dragon) and their newly-hatched babies; in asking for a ride home, he inadvertently triggers the dragons' return migration  He quickly decides to use a nearby wrecked ship to carry the baby dragons, who cannot yet fly as far as Berk  The Berkians are overjoyed at their dragons' return and the new babies, though Hiccup is still distraught at Toothless' absence  During the ensuing Snoggletog celebration, Toothless returns with Hiccup's lost helmet, which he had dropped into the sea earlier; the two enjoy a heartfelt reunion 
The next day, Toothless discards his new tail, begging Hiccup to put the old tailfin on him and fly with him by controlling his fin manually as opposed to passively riding him; in doing so, he gives Hiccup a "better gift" – his friendship and companionship 

Voice cast
Jay Baruchel as Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III
America Ferrera as Astrid Hofferson
Craig Ferguson as Gobber the Belch
Gerard Butler as Stoick the Vast
Christopher Mintz-Plasse as Fishlegs Ingerman
Jonah Hill as Snotlout Jorgenson
T J  Miller as Tuffnut Thorston
Kristen Wiig as Ruffnut Thorston

Home media
Dragons: Gift of the Night Fury was released on Blu-ray and DVD on November 15, 2011 along with Book of Dragons  It was released on Blu-ray and DVD as part of the DreamWorks Holiday Classics  It was re-released on DVD on October 1, 2013 along with Shrek the Halls, Merry Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda Holiday, and The Croods  The short was released again on Blu-ray and DVD on October 15, 2019 by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment, this time as part of the DreamWorks Ultimate Holiday Collection set 

Notes
Passage 4:
Shrek the Third
Shrek the Third (also known as Shrek 3) is a 2007 American computer-animated fantasy comedy film loosely based on the 1990 children's picture book Shrek! by William Steig  Directed by Chris Miller (in his feature directorial debut) and co-directed by Raman Hui from a screenplay by Jeffrey Price, Peter S  Seaman, Miller, and Aron Warner, the film is set after the events of Shrek 2 (2004) and is the third installment in the Shrek film series  The film features Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Rupert Everett, Julie Andrews, and John Cleese reprising their voice roles from the previous films, along with new additions Justin Timberlake as Arthur Pendragon and Eric Idle as Merlin  In the film, Prince Charming is plotting to overthrow Shrek and Fiona, who have inherited the throne following King Harold's death  Shrek has no interest in ruling the kingdom and attempts to convince Fiona's underachieving 16-year-old cousin Artie to reign instead 
Shrek the Third premiered at the Mann Village Theatre, Westwood in Los Angeles on May 6, 2007, and was theatrically released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on May 18, 2007  Despite mixed reviews, the film was a commercial success, grossing $813 million worldwide on a budget of $160 million, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2007  It was nominated for the Best Animated Film at the 61st British Academy Film Awards  The sequel, Shrek Forever After, was released in May 2010 

Plot
Some time after the events of the second film, Shrek and Princess Fiona are to succeed the dying King Harold, but Shrek's attempts to serve as the Regent during Harold's medical absence end in disaster  Shrek has no interest in being king of Far Far Away  With his dying breath, Harold tells Shrek of another heir: his nephew and Fiona's cousin, Arthur "Artie" Pendragon  Meanwhile, Prince Charming vows to avenge the death of his mother, the Fairy Godmother, and become king  Charming goes to the Poison Apple tavern and persuades fairy tale villains to fight for their "happily ever after" 
Shrek, Donkey, and Puss in Boots set out to retrieve Artie  As they sail away, Fiona reveals to Shrek that she is pregnant, much to Shrek's horror  He believes he is incapable of raising children  The trio journey to Worcestershire Academy, an elite magical boarding school, where they discover Artie is a scrawny, 16-year-old outcast  At the school pep rally, Shrek tells Artie he has been chosen to be king of Far Far Away  Artie is excited until Donkey and Puss inadvertently frighten him by discussing the king's responsibilities  Losing confidence, Artie tries to take control of the ship and steer it back to Worcestershire; following a scuffle with Shrek, the ship crashes on a remote island where they encounter Artie's retired wizard teacher, Merlin 
Fiona and Queen Lillian host a baby shower when Charming and other villains attack the castle  Gingy, Pinocchio, the Big Bad Wolf, and the Three Little Pigs stall Charming's group long enough for the ladies to escape  When one of the pigs accidentally reveals that Shrek has gone to retrieve Artie, Charming sends Captain Hook and his pirates to track them down  Rapunzel, having fallen in love with Charming, betrays Fiona, and the ladies are locked in a tower 
Hook and his pirates catch up to Shrek on Merlin's island  Shrek avoids capture, and Hook reveals Charming's takeover of Far Far Away  Shrek urges Artie to return to Worcestershire  Instead, Artie cons Merlin into using his magic to send them to Far Far Away  The spell causes Puss and Donkey to accidentally switch bodies  They find Pinocchio and learn that Charming plans to kill Shrek as part of a play  After breaking into the castle, they are caught and taken captive 
Charming prepares to kill Artie to retain the crown  To save Artie's life, Shrek lies, claiming that he was just using Artie to replace him as the next king  Charming believes Shrek and allows a disheartened Artie to leave  Donkey and Puss are imprisoned with Fiona and the ladies, where Fiona grows frustrated with their lack of initiative  Lillian smashes an opening in the stone wall of the prison with a headbutt  While the princesses launch a rescue mission for Shrek, Donkey and Puss free Gingy, Pinocchio, and the others along with Dragon and Donkey's children  Puss and Donkey mollify Artie by explaining that Shrek lied to save Artie's life 
Charming stages a showdown in a musical theater in front of the kingdom  Just as Charming is about to kill Shrek, Fiona, Puss, and Donkey, the princesses and other fairy tale characters confront the villains, but are quickly subdued  Artie shows up and gives a speech to the villains, convincing them that they can be accepted into society instead of being outcasts  Inspired by Artie's speech, the villains agree to give up their evil ways, while Charming refuses to listen and lunges at Artie with his sword



ground_truth: Summer Magic

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: what is the group called that Dianne Morgan and Joe Wilkinson a part of in the BBC comedy "Two Episodes of Mash"

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Format
When the show was announced, it was cast as a topical news series aiming to "pull apart the week's big news stories and see what makes them tick", with Addison describing it as "four relatively ill-informed idiots fail to take the news seriously for an hour" 

Hosts and regulars
The following people have hosted the show during its run:

As well as the host there are usually two other regulars plus a guest   For series 1 and 2 regulars were Andy Zaltzman and Sarah Millican   For series 3 Rebecca Front replaced Sarah Millican 

Broadcasts
Last updated January 2018The show aired on Sundays from 11 am to noon  It once aired at 9 pm on 31 January 2010  The series occasionally missed a week for sporting events (Formula 1 Grand Prix, London Marathon, etc ) 
Series One featured 20 episodes which were broadcast between 10 January 2010 and 6 June 2010   There were no episodes broadcast on 7 February 2010, 25 April 2010 Series Two consisted of 26 episodes, broadcast between 5 September 2010 and 3 April 2011  There were no episode broadcast on 19 September 2010, 3 October 2010, 26 December 2010, 2 January 2010 and 30 January 2010 Series Three had 15 episodes which were broadcast between 8 January 2012 and 6 May 2012  No episode was broadcast on 25 March 2012 Series Four also had 15 episodes, began on 9 September 2012, and ended on 16 December 
In 2013, the show returned for a new, slightly different series: it was moved to Saturdays, renamed 7 Day Saturday, had 11 episodes between 8 June and 24 August, kept Al Murray as host, and featured Andy Zaltzman and two guests each programme  There was also a Christmas special, 7 Days of Christmas, broadcast on 24 December 2013 
Series Five only had 5 episodes, broadcast between 11 May and 8 June 2014 
The last edition of 7 Day Sunday was broadcast on 9 August 2015  This edition was hosted by Jenny Eclair, with the final guests included Andy Zaltzman, Holly Walsh and Stephen Grant 
The show was made available on the BBC's iPlayer service and as a podcast, which features additional material 

Reception
After the first show, Jane Thynne of The Independent questioned the lack of variety, covering as it did mainly the heavy snowfall with little political content, which given Addison had made his name in a political satire, she found odd  She ultimately reserved judgement on the show, calling Addison witty but recommending he slow down the pace and stop his "nervous giggling" Chris Campling of The Times criticised the first episode as being a duplicate of the "dismal, desperate" The Christian O'Connell Solution it replaced, with a turgid format  Persevering, he described the second episode as just as dreary with no chemistry and "none of the News Quiz-esque scoring of laughter points, where clever people fall over each other in their desperation to be funnier than the last "After the third episode, Elisabeth Mahoney of The Guardian said the show was "really quite funny" but the listener needed to stay focussed on the content as the four way dialogue was quite involved as it covered a comprehensive sweep of topics  For listeners who might want to multi-task on a Sunday morning, she recommended Dave Gorman's show on Absolute Radio 
Passage 9:
John Jackson (writer)
John Jackson is an English television screenwriter 

Life and career
After leaving Cambridge University, John Jackson developed and script edited the ITV soap Night and Day  Altogether he wrote 35 episodes for the TV Series  In 2009 he wrote the episode The King Is Dead, Long Live the King…  for the BBC One series Robin Hood  From 2010 to 2012 he wrote two episodes of the serial drama Lip Service  From 2011 until 2013 he wrote three episodes for the supernatural drama Being Human  This brought him a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best TV Drama Series  He also wrote two episodes for the Being Human spin off Becoming Human In 2014 Jackson wrote an episode for another BBC Three series, In the Flesh  He would become a regular writer on ITV's Grantchester, and in 2020, was lead writer on season 3 of Sky's Riviera 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
Awards
Writers' Guild of Great Britain Award:

2012: Best TV Drama Series (Being Human)
Passage 10:
Egypt (TV series)
Egypt is a BBC television docudrama serial portraying events in the history of Egyptology from the 18th through early 20th centuries  It originally aired on Sunday nights at 9 pm on BBC1 in 2005  The first two episodes explored the work of Howard Carter and his archaeological quest in Egypt in the early part of the twentieth century  The next two episodes focused on the eccentric explorer "The Great Belzoni" played here by Matthew Kelly  The final two episodes dramatise the discovery and deciphering of the Rosetta Stone by Jean-François Champollion (Elliot Cowan) 
The music was recorded by the Warsaw Radio Orchestra and is featured on the CD Timeless Histories by Chappell music, produced by Clare Isaacs 

Production
The series was a major new docudrama series produced by the BBC for the Autumn 2005 schedule 
"The whole idea behind the series was to be able to discover Ancient Egypt through the eyes of Howard Carter – famous for uncovering the tomb of Tutankhamun; The Great Belzoni – an amazing adventurer and explorer; and the scholar Jean-François Champollion, who was the first to decipher the Rosetta Stone and open up the meaning of hieroglyphics "
In order to create a sense of "seeing the treasures of Ancient Egypt for the first time", Dolling and Bradshaw felt it essential to film at the actual archaeological sites referenced in the series 

"We had fantastic help from the Government and a local production crew, they managed to fix it for us to film in areas that, as far as we know, have never been used by other television or film productions "
"Being the first UK TV company to attempt such a project in the most amazing historical sights was very exhilarating, and to be able to return them - with additional sets and some computer imagery - to how they were during the time of the Pharaohs was incredible "
Filming at such invaluable and popular sites created new challenges for the film makers 

"Keeping people out of shot was one — sometimes this was nearing impossible — but we tended to shoot early in the day so disruptions were kept to a minimum  The other was obviously making sure we didn't damage anything, which thankfully we managed!"
"It was difficult keeping such a unique project running so far from home, and it is a tribute to the cast and crew that we managed to succeed  The series really is great and looks fantastic, well worth all the hard work "
The co-production between BBC and The Learning Channel was initially budgeted at around £6 5m but problems filming on location in Egypt, including the weather and illness, meant the producers required another £2million  Post production costs involved in recreating Ancient Egypt meant that the final costs could have resulted in a £5million overspend but the BBC denied this 

"To suggest the overspend is anything in the [range of] £5m is utterly ridiculous — it is simply not true  This was a huge project shot on location in Egypt and, as with any project of such scale, we had contingency funds available to us — so the unavoidable overspend was accommodated for and fully authorised "
"I think it's useful to point out that the cost per hour of Egypt will still be lower than other comparable programmes such as Pompeii, Genghis Khan and Pyramid  In fact, due to the international co-financing, this is actually incredibly good value for money providing full period drama for the budget normally associated with a documentary "
Several multi-media productions were commissioned to tie-in with the series including interactive drama BBC Egypt Interactive, award-winning online-game Death in Sakkara: An Egyptian Adventure, and an interactive exhibition at BBC Birmingham A companion series Egyptian Journeys with Dan Cruickshank, in which architectural historian Cruickshank travels the country to explore some of the intriguing stories that have emerged from ancient Egypt, was broadcast concurrently on BBC Two 

Reception
Reviews
Sam Wollaston writing about episode one in The Guardian said that he "was expecting to hate this show," fearing it would be "narration interspersed with lame reconstruction," but he was pleased to discover it was, in fact, "a proper drama, with a very decent script and real actors " "And it's a great story, too," he states, although he did not enjoy the re-enactments of the life of Tutankhamun, which he described as "olive-skinned actors with non-speaking parts and an awful lot of eye-liner, wandering around in a semi-darkness lit by flickering candles," and claims were not necessary, "but maybe that will help to sell it to America " He concludes that he is "looking forward to part two "David Liddiment writing in The Guardian complimented the cleverly twinning of this docudrama with the more cerebral Egyptian Journeys with Dan Cruickshank on BBC Two but he points out that this was done during the final stages of the BBC's charter renewal review and insists that the corporation should keep up standards after this process is completed 

Ratings
Episode one (2005-10-30): 7 million viewers (29% audience share) 
Episode two (2005-11-06): 6 million viewers (24% audience share) 
Episode three (2005-11-13): 5 7 million viewers (23% audience share) 
Episode four (2005-11-20): 4 8 million viewers 
Episode five (2005-11-27): 4 5 million viewers (18% audience share) 

Episodes
Part one: Howard Carter
The story of the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun by Howard Carter and the popular belief in the Curse of the Pharaohs, a supposed result of Carter's disturbing Tutankhamen's resting place  The episodes include short dramatizations of the life of Tutankhamun 

Episode one: The Search for Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun vanished from history in 1324 BC following his hurried burial and the erasure of his name from all monuments  In the winter of 1898 Carter is at the temples of Deir el Bahri recording wall reliefs threatened by a freak storm when he is thrown from his horse and makes a discovery in the sand  Retired Boston lawyer Theodore M  Davis funds Carter's excavation of Queen Hatshepsut's tomb but it is found to be empty and Carter deprived of further funding is reduced to selling his paintings to tourists on the street 
In 1905 Lord Carnarvon arrives in Luxor to convalesce after a road accident and is shown an artifact bearing the cartouche of the mysterious Tutankhamun discovered by Davis on his new dig  Tutankhamun succeeded his heretical father as pharaoh at the age of 8 and was named in honour of Amun to symbolise his mission to restore the old gods and save the empire from turmoil  An inspired Carnarvon employs Carter but they are denied access to the Valley of the Kings for which only Davis has a permit  Amidst the flurry of construction that marked the beginning of Tutankhamun's reign the most important to the boy Pharaoh would have been that of his tomb  An ailing Davis announces his discovery of this, the final Pharaoh's tomb, prior to his retirement  Carter doubts the find and convinces Carnarvon to take up the concession  The methodical and meticulous excavation commences in 1914 but is quickly interrupted by World War I 
The Carnarvons return to Egypt at the end of the war and Carter recommences his excavation but with a continued lack of results leading to doubts that any undiscovered tombs are left in the valley the funding is finally cut in 1922  Tutankhamun's tomb was well concealed to ensure his undisturbed afterlife  Carter convinces Carnarvon to fund one last season during which the tomb is finally unearthed  When the tomb is opened in the presence of Carnarvon and his daughter it is revealed to be the only unplundered pharaoh's tomb in the valley 

Episode two: The Curse of Tutankhamun
In 1922 Carter goes to the Egyptian Antiquities Service in Cairo to announce his discovery but disagrees with Director Pierre Lacau over the clearance and cataloguing of the contents  The discovery revealed a dark time in the history of Egypt and the death of its boy king  Carter assembles an international team of experts to commence the work under the unwelcome scrutiny of Lacau's inspector and the western press  Carnarvon's cavalier attitude to the finds he considers his property starts to infuriate both Carter and Lacau 
As the finds are slowly catalogued and removed Carter becomes close to Carnarvon's daughter Evelyn but his strictness begins to alienate his team  Tutankhamun was married to his own sister but the union failed to produce an heir to secure the future of the kingdom  Stories of the curse begin to circulate as Carter breaks through into the burial chamber to reveal an intact tomb  As Lacau threatens to take over the excavation and several of the experts quit, Carnarvon questions Carter over his leadership and his relationship with Evelyn  When he came of age Tutankhamun took over control of the kingdom from his military advisor Ay only to die from unknown causes shortly thereafter  Carter rushes to Carnarvon's death-bed where the two make-up  Upon Tutankhamun's death Ay seized the throne and married the widowed queen  Carter, disappointed by Evelyn's engagement to another man, returns to continue his work  Tutankhamun's death came before the royal tomb could be completed so he was hastily buried in the tomb Ay had prepared for himself  Lacau takes over the running of the tomb in 1924 when Carter and his team stop work to protest continued Egyptian interference 
The following year Carter is called back by Lacau to reopen the tomb with funding from Lady Carnarvon  The team start to extract the nested coffins revealing one of them to be made of pure gold that confirms the presence of a Pharaoh  The team begin to notice evidence that the burial was done in a hurry as the body itself is finally uncovered  When Ay died without heir a new dynasty took to the throne that erased all references to the Boy King  In 1932 with his work complete Carter leaves the tomb for the last time and hands the key to Lacau 

Cast
Stuart Graham as Howard Carter
Julian Wadham as Lord Carnarvon
Caroline Langrishe as Lady Carnarvon
Alex Weaver as Evelyn Carnarvon
Valentine Pelka as Pierre Lacau
William Hope as Theodore M  Davis
Laurence Fox as Leonard

Part two: The Great Belzoni
The story of Italian engineer and circus strongman Giovanni Belzoni who became the most unlikely Egyptologist the world has ever seen, intercut with Flashbacks to the life of Ramses the Great, in whose footsteps Belzoni would continually stray 

Episode three: The Pharaoh and the Showman
A dissatisfied Belzoni leaves England with his wife, Sarah, and servant, James Curtin, to see the world  Finding themselves destitute in the streets of Cairo after work on an irrigation project falls through, they are rescued by the eccentric John Lewis Bukhardt who introduces them to British Consul Henry Salt  Belzoni is hired to recover the massive Head of Memnon, later revealed to a statue of the Pharaoh Ramesses the Great, as a gift for the British Museum  Arriving in Luxor in 1816 amidst a gold rush of black market antiquities dealers Belzoni finds himself unwelcome 
At the Ramesseum Belzoni examines the head and devises a plan for its removal  The local Caimakan, under advice from Belzoni's French rival Bernardino Drovetti, denies Belzoni's permit and initially refuses to supply labour until threats bring him around  Ramesses marriage to his true love Nefertari was fruitful and secured the family line and the country too was fertile thanks to the annual flooding of the Nile  The approaching flood season however threatens to strand the head in the heart of the flood plain bringing an abrupt halt to Belzoni's mission  When the local labourers finally arrive Belzoni immediately sets to work moving the head using the same techniques its builders had used 3,000 years previous  Belzoni sends the ailing Jim back to Cairo to request a bigger boat so that they can collect even more antiquities and with time running out is forced to take greater risks to get the head to the bank of the Nile 
With the head secured the Belzonis heads south along the Nile to Abu Simbal in uncharted Nubia to expand the collection of antiquities  Ramesses built two temples at Abu Simbal; one dedicated his beloved wife and the other to his military prowess in the first victorious campaign  Belzoni locates the entrance to the Great Temple but finds it blocked, and so forced to head back to Cairo he vows to return to excavate the site the following season 

Episode four: The Temple of the Sands
Belzoni, arriving back in Cairo, is informed by Salt that only the head is to be sent to the British Museum while the rest of the antiquities he has collected are to be kept at the consulate  Salt refuses to fund an excavation at Abu Simbal and Belzoni is sent south again with Salt's secretary William Beechey and a local dealer called Yanni  Belzoni, whilst becalmed at Minya  spots Yenni talking to his French rival Drovetti and hastily rides to Luxor determined to get there first  Arriving to late Belzoni discovers that the entire area licensed to Drovetti and he must dig elsewhere 
Belzoni, guided by the image of Ramesses, digs in an unlicensed area and discovers a perfectly preserved bust  An infuriated Drovetti has the local ruler issue an edict against Belzoni  With no other option Belzoni heads south to the Island of Philae to collect the antiquities he has stored there only to discover upon arrival that the French have ransacked them  Funds arrive from Salt to begin excavation at Abu Simbal and Belzoni heads to the site with two British Royal Navy officers  Work progresses slowly in the shifting desert until Belzoni devises a plan to build a palisade to hold back the sand  With the entrance uncovered the group cautiously enter to view the magnificent interior  Belzoni records every detail of the temple decorations, which celebrate the capture of Kadesh that made Ramesses a great warrior king  Back in Luxor Belzoni, reunited with Sarah and Jim, is threatened by Drevetti but undeterred he heads deep into the western hills where he enters the Valley of the Kings  Belzoni learns from Yanni and Beechey that Salt is selling off the antiquities he collects rather than donating them to the British Museum 
Persuaded to go on with his explorations Belzoni constructs a battering ram to break through the thick walls of the valley side and open up an undiscovered tomb  Defying booby-traps Belzoni pushes on into the lavish interior of the tomb where he enters the burial chamber of the Pharaoh Seti I  It was here upon the death of his father that Ramesses started his reign, which would bring peace and prosperity to Egypt  The discovery of Belzoni's Tomb secures the Egyptologist's reputation and makes him a celebrity in his adopted home of London where the British Museum would later honour him 

Cast
Matthew Kelly as Belzoni
Lynsey Baxter as Sarah Belzoni
Nevan Finnigan as James Curtin
Robert Portal as Henry Salt
Richard Dempsey as William Beechey
Thomas Lockyer as John Lewis Bukhardt
Joseph Long as Bernardino Drovetti

Part three: Champollion
Jean-François Champollion uses the Rosetta Stone to unlock the mysteries of the lost civilisation of Ancient Egypt which had been closed off to Europeans for centuries prior to the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798  The stone, discovered by the French in 1799, had been created as a work of propaganda by the Greek-speaking Pharaoh Ptolemy V to establish his place in Egyptian cosmology and flashbacks are included to explain this belief system 

Episode five: The Mystery of the Rosetta Stone
The young Champollion, encouraged to develop his gift for languages by his elder brother, becomes obsessed with deciphering hieroglyphs as a means to telling the age of the world and revenging France against the British who had confiscated the stone in 1801  When Alexander the Great had conquered Egypt, he had fuelled local resentment by bringing in a Greek speaking elite to rule  Their descendant King Tutankhamun had commissioned a series of stones written in Greek, common Egyptian and hieroglyphs for temples across the land to extol his virtues and underline his claim to the throne 
Champollion studies under Silvestre de Sacy in Paris but finds the professor who had himself failed decipher hieroglyphs dismissive of further attempts believing them to be symbolic rather than a true language  English scientist Thomas Young uses mathematics to decipher the inscription like a code whilst Champollion believing hieroglyphs to be representative of a spoken language attempts to relate them to the Coptic language of Egypt's ancient Christian communities  Young makes a number of breakthroughs including the spelling of Ptolemy in hieroglyphs while Champollion finds work as assistant professor at the University of Grenoble  France is thrown into political turmoil in 1815 following defeat at the Battle of Waterloo and the republican Champollion is arrested for sedition and exiled to Figeac until 1821  Eccentric Egyptologist Giovanni Belzoni discovers an obelisk inscribed with the name of Cleopatra in Greek and hieroglyphs at Philae and sends it back to Young in England 
Young makes a mistake in translating the obelisk setting back his work whilst Champollion using a copy of the obelisk creates a hieroglyphic alphabet that he uses along with Coptic to translate the name of Ramesses the Great from sketches of Abu Simbal  Champollion's discovery arouses the suspicions of the Catholic Church who fear hieroglyphs might disprove the historical accuracy of the Bible  Young wishes Champllion good luck in proving his theories but Sacy and the Church are determined to stop him 

Episode six: The Secrets of the Hieroglyphs
Champollion is determined to travel to Egypt to prove his theory but poor and jobless he is reduced to buying up whatever scraps of papyrus he can find and this obsession alienates his wife  The Dendera zodiac purchased by the French King Charles X threatens to challenge the biblical chronologies of church scholars, as it is believed by some to date to before the Great Flood of 2349 BC  Champollion is called in to confirm Sacy's dating of the antiquity to around 2000 BC; he disputes Sacy's dating but not Church authorities by dating it to some 2,000 years later than that during the Roman period 
Champollion is sent to Turin by the King to value a collection put up for sale by the French Consul to Egypt Bernardino Drovetti  Prior to his departure Champollion's wife announces that she is pregnant and she is not pleased by his new job  Champollion builds a strong reputation for himself in Italy even being invited for an audience with Pope Leo XII  Returning to Paris with a large collection of antiquities for the King he is put in charge of the Egyptian collection at the Louvre  The King finally agrees to fund Champollion's expedition to Egypt on the proviso that he does not publish any finds that contradict the teachings of the Church  Champollion, arriving in 1828, starts by studying the Great Pyramid at Giza discovering it to be a tomb built for the Pharaoh Khufu around 2560 BC  At Saqqara he finds the site largely stripped by dealers but in a forgotten tomb he discovers ancient hieroglyphs he translates to prove his theories  Eager to understand the Ancient Egyptians he pushes on to the ancient capital of Thebes where at the sprawling Temple of Karnak he reads the story of Ramesses the Great and the battle against the Hittites at Kadesh 
At Belzoni's Tomb in the Valley of the Kings the ailing Champollion reads the story of Pharaoh Seti I and learns of the burial rites of Pharaohs  He is thus able to comprehend the belief system of the Ancient Egyptians for the first time  Champollion dies back in France 18 months later but his legacy allows Egyptologist to comprehend the meaning behind monuments such as the Great Pyramid of Giza and to decipher papyri that lead to such discoveries as the Tomb of Tutankhamun by Howard Carter 

Cast
Elliot Cowan as Jean-François Champollion
Stuart Bunce as Jacques-Joseph Champollion

Media information
DVD release
Released on Region 2 DVD by BBC Video on 2006-02-06 Also released on Region 1 DVD (2 discs, but does not include the bonus 'Pyramid') by BBC Worldwide 2006-05-23

Companion book
The 2005 companion book to the series was written by author and archaeologist Joyce Tyldesley expands on the series to tell the full story of the discoveries and the colourful characters who made them 

Selected editions
Tyldesley, Joyce (6 October 2005)  Egypt, How A Lost Civilization Was Rediscovered  BBC Books (hardcover)  ISBN 978-0-563-52257-7 
Tyldesley, Joyce (1 June 2003)  Egypt, How A Lost Civilization Was Rediscovered  BBC Books (paperback)  ISBN 978-0-563-49381-5 
Tyldesley, Joyce (18 September 2005)  Egypt, How A Lost Civilization Was Rediscovered  UC Press (hardcover)  ISBN 978-0-520-25020-8 

See also
Building the Great Pyramid
Context 3:  Shrek blocks the blow and it appears that he has been stabbed  Charming decrees himself the new king, but Shrek reveals that the sword missed and pushes Charming aside, while Dragon knocks the tower down onto Charming 
Artie is crowned the new king of Far Far Away  While the kingdom celebrates, Merlin appears and reverts Puss and Donkey's body swap  Meanwhile, back at the swamp, Shrek and Fiona begin raising their new triplets, coping with parenthood with help from Donkey, Puss, Lillian, and Dragon 

Voice cast
Production
Following the success of Shrek 2, the third and fourth Shrek films, along with plans for a final, fifth film, were announced in May 2004 by Jeffrey Katzenberg: "Shrek 3 and 4 are going to reveal other unanswered questions and, finally, in the last chapter, we will understand how Shrek came to be in that swamp, when we meet him in the first movie "DreamWorks hired screenwriters Jeffrey Price and Peter S  Seaman (of both Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Doc Hollywood and How the Grinch Stole Christmas fame) to write the script of the film and Jon Zack, who wrote The Perfect Score, came on board as a consultant  Unlike the first two films, the film was not directed by Andrew Adamson due to his occupation with The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe  Adamson was still involved as an executive producer, and was giving advice approximately every four months on the state of the film  Shrek the Third was instead directed by Chris Miller, a story artist on the first film and a head of story on the second, and co-directed by Raman Hui, a supervising animator on the first two films The film was developed under the working title of Shrek 3  By March 2006, the title of the film was changed to Shrek the Third  According to Miller, the reason behind the title change was because they "didn't want to just sort of title it like it was just a sequel," instead they wanted "something to make it stand on its own, give it its own personality and really try to treat it as a chapter in Shrek's life " Hui also remarked: "It's about Shrek becoming the new king of Far Far Away; the title sounds kind of royal as well "The film was originally going to be released in November 2006; however, in December 2004, the date was changed to May 2007; "The sheer magnitude of the Shrek franchise has led us to conclude that a May release date, with a DVD release around the holiday season, will enable us to best maximize performance and increase profitability, thereby generating enhanced asset value and better returns for our shareholders " Katzenberg explained  Flushed Away, another film from DreamWorks Animation, was instead given the slot of November 2006  The release date change was also the day after Disney/Pixar changed the release date of Cars, from November 2005 to June 2006 

Reception
Box office
Shrek the Third opened in 4,122 North American cinemas on May 18, 2007, grossing $38 million on its first day, which was the biggest opening day for an animated film at the time  It grossed a total of $121 6 million in its first weekend, the best opening weekend ever for an animated film, and the second-highest opening for a film in the United States in 2007, behind Spider-Man 3  It held the animated opening weekend record for nine years until it was surpassed by Finding Dory's $135 1 million debut  At the time, its opening weekend was the third-highest of all time in these regions Shrek the Third grossed $322 7 million in the United States, and $490 7 million overseas, bringing its cumulative total to $813 4 million  The film was the fourth-highest-grossing film worldwide of 2007, and the second-highest-grossing film in the United States that year  In addition, it was the highest-grossing animated film of 2007, and the third-highest-grossing animated film ever, trailing only behind Finding Nemo and Shrek 2  The film sold an estimated 46,907,000 tickets in North America The film was released in the United Kingdom on June 29, 2007, and topped the country's box office for the next two weekends, before being dethroned by Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix 

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, Shrek the Third has an approval rating of 41% based on 213 reviews, with an average rating of 5 5/10, making it the lowest-rated film in the Shrek franchise by the website to date  The site's critical consensus reads, "Shrek the Third has pop culture potshots galore, but at the expense of the heart, charm, and wit that made the first two Shreks classics " On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, a step down from the first two films' "A" Some critics were confused as to the film's target demographic  Carina Chocano of the Los Angeles Times felt themes about career and parenting anxieties, the lifestyle of celebrities, as well as its humor, would be above children: "Does a kids' movie really need, among other similar touches, a Hooters joke? I, for one, wouldn't want to have to explain it " Nonetheless, she also found certain moments to be funny: "Shrek's anxiety dream about procreating is fabulously surreal, and King Harold's deathbed scene, with its grimaces and false alarms, is pure kiddie comedy at its best " David Ansen of Newsweek wrote that the film's "slightly snarky wit is aimed almost entirely at parents    this one never touched my heart or got under my skin  It's a movie at war with itself: a kiddie movie that doesn't really want to be one "Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, saying the film "wasn't awful, but it's bland, with a barrel-scraping averageness  There are no new ideas, no very funny new characters   " He called the character Merlin a "frankly unfunny new character" and considered the character to be a "rip-off of Albus Dumbledore from the Harry Potter franchise"  He stated that the film contained "no decent musical numbers, incidentally, and the one cover version is bizarrely chosen  For Harold's funeral, we get a rendering of     Paul McCartney's "Live and Let Die"  Er     huh? Because it's kind of sad and it has "die" in the title?"The Times of London rated it 2 out of 5 A  O  Scott from The New York Times described the film as "at once more energetic and more relaxed [than its predecessors], less desperate to prove its cleverness and therefore to some extent, smarter "

Awards and nominations
Soundtrack
Home media
The film was released on both DVD and HD DVD on November 13, 2007  The DVD was released in separate pan and scan and widescreen formats  The film and special features on the HD DVD version were presented in 1 78:1 widescreen high-definition 1080p and feature a Dolby Digital Plus 5 1 audio soundtrack, and special features for both formats include several deleted scenes, features, trailers, commentary, music videos, and exclusively on the HD DVD version, some web-enabled and HDi Interactive Format features such as a special trivia track, a film guide, and an interactive coloring book which can be downloaded as of street date Following Paramount's decision to discontinue HD DVD production (making Shrek the Third the only DreamWorks Animation film to be released on that format), the film was subsequently released on Blu-ray Disc on September 16, 2008  It was re-released on Blu-ray as part of the Shrek: The Whole Story boxset on December 7, 2010 before receiving another separate release on August 30, 2011, and on Blu-ray 3D on November 1, 2011 as a Best Buy exclusive DVD and Blu-Ray sales gathered revenue of $179 1 million 

Marketing
Shrek the Third was widely anticipated and DreamWorks backed the film with a large marketing campaign, with toys, books, games, clothes, and many other items becoming available throughout 2007  A video game based on the film has been released for the Wii, PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, Game Boy Advance, PlayStation Portable, PC, and Nintendo DS 
In May 2007, Shrek the Third was made into a mobile video game, developed by Gameloft  Shrek n' Roll, an action puzzle game based on the film, was released for the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade on November 14, 2007 
A pinball machine based on the film has also been produced by Stern Pinball 

Satirical marketing effort
Adult Swim comedy team Tim and Eric, annoyed by the amount of advertisement they had witnessed in the months approaching the release of the film, decided to independently "promote" Shrek the Third in a series of internet videos
as well as appearances on television and radio to encourage people to see the film 

Controversy
In the beginning of the film, in Prince Charming's dinner theater, coconuts are revealed to be the source of the sound effect for horses' hoof beats  This same joke was used in Monty Python and the Holy Grail, which also starred John Cleese and Eric Idle  Idle walked out of the premiere (though later reentered after calming himself down) and claimed to be considering suing the producers of Shrek for the unauthorized use of this gag, while the producers claim they were honouring Idle and Cleese by putting the part in 

Sequel
The film was followed by the sequel, Shrek Forever After, which was released in theatres on May 21, 2010 

Notes
Passage 5:
DreamWorks Dragons
Dragons, commonly referred to as DreamWorks Dragons, is an American computer-animated television series based on the 2010 film How to Train Your Dragon  The series serves as a bridge between the first film and its 2014 sequel Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, T J  Miller, and David Tennant reprise their voice-acting roles from the film  Other cast members include Julie Marcus and Andree Vermeulen as Ruffnut (previously voiced by Kristen Wiig), Zack Pearlman as Snotlout (previously voiced by Jonah Hill), Chris Edgerly as Gobber the Belch (previously voiced by Craig Ferguson), and Nolan North as Stoick the Vast (previously voiced by Gerard Butler) 
Dragons was announced by Cartoon Network on October 12, 2010  According to Tim Johnson, executive producer for the film, the series was planned to be much darker and deeper than DreamWorks Animation's previous television series spin-offs, with a similar tone to the film  Dragons was the first DreamWorks Animation series to air on Cartoon Network rather than Nickelodeon A one-hour preview consisting of two episodes aired on August 7, 2012, on Cartoon Network, with the official premiere of the series airing on September 5, 2012  A total of 40 episodes aired on Cartoon Network during the first two seasons, subtitled Riders of Berk and Defenders of Berk respectively 
Afterwards, the series was subtitled Race to the Edge, the first season of which debuted on Netflix on June 26, 2015  The second and third seasons of Dragons: Race to the Edge premiered on January 8 and June 24, 2016, respectively  The fourth season was released on February 17, 2017  The series was renewed for a fifth season, which was released on Netflix on August 25, 2017  The series (alongside the Netflix exclusive, All Hail King Julien) is syndicated as part of the newly rebranded Universal Kids on September 9, 2017  Dragons: Race to the Edge was renewed for the sixth and final season which was released on February 16, 2018 

Plot
Taking place between How to Train Your Dragon and How to Train Your Dragon 2, DreamWorks Dragons follows Hiccup as he tries to keep balance within the new cohabitation of Dragons and Vikings  Alongside keeping up with Berk's newest installment—A Dragon Training Academy—Hiccup, Toothless, and the rest of the Viking Teens are put to the test when they are faced with new worlds harsher than Berk, new dragons that can't all be trained, and new enemies who are looking for every reason to destroy the harmony between Vikings and Dragons altogether 

Characters
Dragon Riders
Hiccup Horrendous Haddock, III  (voiced by Jay Baruchel) – An awkward and underweight Viking and son of the chief of Berk  He and his dragon, Toothless, share the strongest bond of all riders and dragons  He is the ancestor of Olivia and Thomas in Dragons: The Nine Realms Toothless – An extremely rare, male Night Fury befriended by Hiccup, and the dragon that lost his left tail fin in the first feature film   Toothless has dark black scales, retractable teeth, and the ability to shoot plasma blasts   Toothless also has the unique ability to navigate in dark places using echolocation Astrid Hofferson (voiced by America Ferrera) – Hiccup's close friend and partner; and the unofficial second-in-command of the dragon training academy  She has a strong character, is one of the most courageous of the Dragon Riders, and is very competitive  She has a strong bond with her dragon, Stormfly  During Season 5 of Race to the Edge, Hiccup gives Astrid a betrothal necklace, making them officially engaged to be married Stormfly – A blue, female Deadly Nadder befriended by Astrid  Like Hiccup and Toothless, Astrid and Stormfly display exceptional teamwork  Stormfly and Toothless share a friendly rivalry in most of the competitions Hiccup and Astrid devise  In addition to her magnesium-fueled fire bursts, Stormfly can launch spines from her tail Fishlegs Ingerman (voiced by Christopher Mintz-Plasse) – One of Hiccup's close friends; has a great encyclopedic knowledge of dragons  He is not as courageous as the other Dragon Riders, but is a loyal friend, especially to Hiccup and Astrid  He has formed a very close relationship with his dragon, Meatlug Meatlug – A brown, female Gronckle who bonded with Fishlegs  Because of her husky size and short wingspan, she lacks the aerobatic maneuverability and speed of the other dragons  She and Fishlegs have a very close, nurturing relationship  She also can eat a particular combination of iron ore and rocks and regurgitate a valuable metal known as "Gronckle iron" Snotlout Jorgenson (voiced by Zack Pearlman) –  One of Hiccup's friends; reckless, quarrelsome, and often seen mocking or annoying the other riders  He has a complicated relationship with his dragon, Hookfang Hookfang – A red, male Monstrous Nightmare, ridden by Snotlout  Hookfang has a habit of attacking Snotlout or abandoning him when Snotlout tries to assert dominance, and does not always pay attention to Snotlout  In battle, Hookfang covers his skin with his flammable saliva and sets it on fire, without harming himself; this ability is almost never used when Snotlout is riding him Tuffnut Thorston (voiced by T  J  Miller) and Ruffnut Thorston (voiced by Julie Marcus (season 1) and Andree Vermeulen (seasons 2–8)) – Male and female fraternal twins and followers of Hiccup  They constantly quarrel and disobey commands Barf and Belch – A green, male, two-headed Hideous Zippleback jointly ridden by the twins, normally with Ruffnut riding the dragon's right head, named Barf (which can exhale explosive gas), and Tuffnut riding the dragon's left head, named Belch (which can ignite the gas)  The heads are usually agreeable, but can have difficulty flying when their riders disagree, and sometimes quarrel as a result 

Notable inhabitants of Berk
Stoick the Vast (voiced by Nolan North) – The Chief of Berk and father to Hiccup; immensely strong, fearless, fierce, and possessed of shrewd judgement and compassion  His first dragon is a Thunderdrum named Thornado, who is later released back into the wild  His second dragon is Skullcrusher, a Rumblehorn 
Gobber the Belch (voiced by Chris Edgerly) – The blacksmith of Berk, Stoick's closest friend, and Hiccup's mentor  Later he is seen riding a Hotburple named Grump 
Spitelout Jorgenson (voiced by David Tennant) – Snotlout's father  Spitelout takes pride in his son's achievements, but seldom forgives his failures  He is a member of the A-team and rides a Deadly Nadder named Kingstail 
Gustav Larson (voiced by Lucas Grabeel) – Gustav is a teenager who aspires to be a Dragon Rider  He takes Snotlout as his model and hero, especially in the first two seasons  He becomes the leader of Berk's A-Team and he rides a Monstrous Nightmare named Fanghook, based on Hookfang's name 
Gothi (voiced by Angela Bartys) – The village's shaman  As a mute, she communicates by gesturing or drawing lines and hieroglyphic-like pictures, translated by Gobber or Fishlegs  She rides a Gronckle as part of the A-team 
Mildew (voiced by Stephen Root) – Mildew is a cantankerous, spiteful, aged and generally disliked Berk local  He is a cabbage farmer and retains a strong hatred of dragons 
Bucket (voiced by Thomas F  Wilson) – A mentally impaired Viking, named for the bucket he wears on his head, allegedly to conceal a missing part of his brain  When the bucket grows tighter, the locals regard this as an early storm warning 
Mulch (voiced by Tim Conway (seasons 1–2) and Tom Kenny (seasons 3–8)) – Bucket's closest friend, usually seen by his side and frequently picking up the slack for Bucket 

Villains
Johann (voiced by Michael Goldstrom) – A seafaring merchant who occasionally visits Berk and trades mostly in curiosities  Prior to Dragons: Race to the Edge Season 5, he was thought to be an ally of the Dragon Riders  However, in the finale of Season 5, it is revealed that he has been undercover and is secretly working with Krogan to find and control a Bewilderbeast  He meets his end in "King of Dragons, Part 2", when the Bewilderbeast uses its ice to freeze him to death 
Krogan (voiced by Hakeem Kae-Kazim) – The leader of the Dragon Flyers who works for Drago Bludvist  His overconfidence often clashes with Viggo's patience  When he fails to retrieve a Bewilderbeast for his master in “King of Dragons, Part 2”, Drago has him executed 
Viggo Grimborn (voiced by Alfred Molina) – The leader of the Dragon Hunters and is usually accompanied by his older brother, Ryker Grimborn  Viggo is less strong than his brother, but for what he lacks in build he makes up for in intellect, frequently tricking and outsmarting the Dragon Riders  In "Triple Cross", he is betrayed by Johann and Krogan and has a change of heart before sacrificing himself to allow Hiccup and Toothless to escape 
Ryker Grimborn (voiced by JB Blanc) – The second-in-command of the Dragon Hunters and the elder brother of Viggo Grimborn  Ryker is physically stronger and more stubborn than his younger brother  He is killed in "Shell Shocked, Part 2" when the Submaripper swallows his ship 
Savage (voiced by Paul Rugg) – Alvin's right-hand man and later that of Dagur before he goes on his own in Dragons: Race to the Edge Season 4  In "Something Rotten on Berserker Island", he attempts to overthrow Dagur to become the new Chief of the Berserker Tribe, only to be defeated and imprisoned by him 

Secondary characters
Alvin the Treacherous (voiced by Mark Hamill) – Exiled from Berk for unspecified treachery (later revealed to be catching innocent bystanders in the crossfire of a dragon attack), he plots to displace his old friend, Stoick  He later becomes an ally of Berk at the end of Season 2 
Heather (voiced by Mae Whitman) – A mysterious teenage girl found by the Viking youths  Although she was at first introduced for actions against Berk, her true motive, to rescue her parents from Alvin the Treacherous, proved her loyalty  She returns in Season 3, bonding with a Razorwhip dragon named Windshear  She is later revealed to be Dagur's long-lost sister and pretends to be in league with him in order to get close to him and the newly unveiled dragon hunters  She leaves to parts unknown after her plot is uncovered by Viggo  She soon returns, showing romantic feelings for Fishlegs and joins the Dragon Riders  After being with the Dragon Riders for a while, she decides to leave for Berserker Island with her brother, Dagur 
Dagur the Deranged (voiced by David Faustino) – A villain-turned-ally and leader of the Berserker Tribe  He becomes obsessed with plotting to hunt and capture Toothless  He is later revealed to be the long-lost brother of Heather  After Dragons: Race to the Edge Season Two, he begins to acknowledge the aims of the Dragon Riders and starts to help them, along with his sister, Heather  Later, Dagur becomes a Dragon Rider with a Gronckle he named Shattermaster, and later on, Sleuther, a Triple Stryke that the Dragon Riders had previously rescued  In Season 6, he falls in love with and eventually marries Mala  Though he acts tough and aggressive, he is also rather sensitive



ground_truth: the deadpan sketch group

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: John Paesano wrote which film for DreamWorks Dragons?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 
Defenders of the Wing – A tribe of warriors who first appear in the episode "Defenders of the Wing: Part 1"  They worship dragons as holy beings and are led by Queen Mala (voiced by Adelaide Kane)  They are at war with the Dragon Hunters and are therefore extremely distrusting of outsiders  Prior to encountering the Dragon Riders, they know nothing of riding or training dragons, as their culture forbids it  They live on a volcanic island home to an enormous dragon called the Eruptodon  They worship and protect the Eruptodon at all cost, as it feeds on the volcano's lava and prevents their village from being destroyed  Mala later falls in love with and marries Dagur the Deranged 
Wingmaidens – An exclusively female warrior tribe led by their chieftess Atali (voiced by Rose McIver) who first appear in the episode "Snotlout’s Angels"  They care for baby Razorwhips who become their wings until they are old enough to fend for themselves because the adult males of the species would devour the infants and could drive the species to extinction 

Episodes
Production
On October 12, 2010, it was announced that Cartoon Network had acquired worldwide broadcast rights to a weekly animated series based on the film  According to Tim Johnson, executive producer for How to Train Your Dragon, the series was planned to be much darker and deeper than DreamWorks Animation's previous television series spin-offs, with a similar tone to the film, and would follow after the events of the first film  DreamWorks Dragons is the first DreamWorks Animation series to air on Cartoon Network; DreamWorks Animation's previous television series, including The Penguins of Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness, and Monsters vs  Aliens, had aired on Nickelodeon Although it was initially announced that the series would be called Dragons: The Series, the San Diego Comic-Con schedule announced in June 2012 revealed the new title to be Dragons: Riders of Berk  The second season of the show was titled Dragons: Defenders of Berk  At the end of May 2014, DreamWorks Animation announced that the series would move to Netflix in spring 2015 

Reception
Critical response
Dragons: Riders of Berk has received positive reviews  Brian Lowry of Variety reviewed the series: "The program is dazzling visually, and pretty effortlessly picks up where the narrative left off," although he noted the initial episodes' "lack of actual villains" and "not-particularly-stirring array of characters"  Mary McNamara of Los Angeles Times said that it "retains both the personality and production value of its progenitor  Dragons promise to be lively and entertaining, with great visuals of dragons swooping and soaring " She praised its look: "It looks pretty dang spectacular even by today's standards  It's so crisply drawn and fluid that a person of a certain age would be forgiven for wondering how on earth we survived with things like Scooby-Doo and The Perils of Penelope Pitstop " According to Nielsen Media Research, episodes of the first season ranked on average #1 in their timeslot among boys 2–14 

Accolades
Video games
A 3D Unity-based in-browser game, titled Dragons: Wild Skies, was launched on August 27, 2012, on CartoonNetwork com  Players will go through a tutorial with Hiccup, and train a Deadly Nadder, before being able to free roam around the several islands in the Barbaric Archipelago, with dragons scattered around them  The player can choose to be a blonde/brunette male or female Viking, before setting off to explore the islands  To train a dragon, players must feed the dragons correct food before doing correct gestures to gain the dragon's trust  In the game, players do not die or otherwise fail  Players complete challenges to earn gold for buying tools to obtain food for training dragons  The overworld consists of six islands, each with a unique dragon to tame  The number of dragons and worlds to explore is set to expand over time, as the series introduces more and more places and dragons   

Home media
A DVD collection of the first four episodes, titled Dragons: Riders of Berk, was released on November 20, 2012  The first season of the series was released on DVD in two parts on July 23, 2013  Dragons: Riders of Berk: Part 1 contained episodes from 1 to 11, and Dragons: Riders of Berk: Part 2, episodes from 12 to 20  In December 2013, Walmart released an exclusive pack containing the Complete 1st Season in a special edition "Toothless" plastic package  A DVD collection of the first 10 episodes of the second season, titled Dragons: Defenders of Berk: Part 1, was released on March 25, 2014  The second part, titled Dragons: Defenders of Berk: Part 2, was later released on May 27, 2014  On February 12, 2019, the first two seasons of Dragons: Race to the Edge was released on DVD in one set  Seasons three and four were released on DVD on March 5, 2019, and seasons five and six were released on DVD on March 26, 2019, albeit all only in Region 1 format 
Passage 6:
How to Train Your Dragon (franchise)
How to Train Your Dragon (abbreviated HTTYD) is an American media franchise from DreamWorks Animation and loosely based on the eponymous series of children's books by British author Cressida Cowell  It consists of three feature films: How to Train Your Dragon (2010), How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014) and How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019)  The franchise also contains five short films: Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010), Book of Dragons (2010), Gift of the Night Fury (2011), Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014) and How to Train Your Dragon: Homecoming (2019)  A live-action reboot from Universal Pictures is in development and scheduled for release on March 14, 2025 The television series based on the events of the first film, DreamWorks Dragons, began airing on Cartoon Network in September 2012  The first and second seasons were titled Dragons: Riders of Berk and Dragons: Defenders of Berk respectively  After the two seasons on Cartoon Network, the series was given the new title Dragons: Race to the Edge  The characters are older and it served as a prequel to the second film, running from June 2015 to February 2018  A second series, titled Dragons: Rescue Riders, began airing on Netflix in 2019 and features a completely different cast and locale than the original series of films and TV shows, but is set in the same universe  A third series, Dragons: The Nine Realms, began streaming on Hulu and Peacock in December 2021, with Rescue Riders transferring to Peacock beginning with the third season under the Heroes of the Sky subtitle  Unlike past entries in the franchise, The Nine Realms is set in the 21st century, specifically 1,300 years after the events of The Hidden World 
The franchise primarily follows the adventures of a young Viking named Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III (voiced by Jay Baruchel), son of Stoick the Vast, leader of the Viking island of Berk  Although initially dismissed as a clumsy and underweight misfit, he soon becomes renowned as a courageous expert in dragons, alongside Toothless, a member of the rare Night Fury breed as his flying mount and his closest companion  Together with his friends, he manages the village's allied dragon population in defense of his home as leader of a flying corps of dragon riders  Upon becoming leaders of their kind, Hiccup and Toothless are forced to make choices that will truly ensure peace between people and dragons  Dean DeBlois, the director of the film trilogy, described its story as "Hiccup's coming of age", taking place across a span of five years between the first and second film, and a year between the second and third film The film series has been highly acclaimed, with each film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, in addition to the first film's nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Score 

Films
Original animated trilogy
How to Train Your Dragon (2010)
How to Train Your Dragon, the first film in the series, was released on March 26, 2010  It was directed by Dean DeBlois and Chris Sanders, and is inspired by the 2003 book of the same name by Cressida Cowell  The story takes place in a mythical Viking world where a young Viking teenager named Hiccup aspires to follow his tribe's tradition of becoming a dragon slayer  After finally capturing his first dragon, and with his chance of finally gaining the tribe's acceptance, he finds that he no longer has the desire to kill the dragon and instead befriends it  The film grossed nearly $500 million worldwide, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature 

How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014)
A sequel, How to Train Your Dragon 2, was confirmed on April 27, 2010  The film was written and directed by DeBlois, the co-director of the first film  Bonnie Arnold, the producer of the first film, also returned, with Sanders, who co-directed the first film, only exec-producing this time due to his involvement with The Croods and its sequel until the latter was delayed  The film was released on June 13, 2014  It was announced that the entire original voice cast – Baruchel, Butler, Ferguson, Ferrera, Hill, Mintz-Plasse, Miller and Wiig – would return for the sequel  New cast includes Kit Harington as Eret, Cate Blanchett as Valka, and Djimon Hounsou as Drago Bludvist  John Powell, the composer of the first film's score, returned for the second and third film 
Set five years after the events of the original film, Hiccup and Toothless have successfully united dragons and Vikings  Now 20 years old, Hiccup is pressed to succeed his father as chieftain  When he discovers a group of dragon trappers led by Drago Bludvist, he goes on a quest to find Drago, while also coming across his long-lost mother Valka 

How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019)
In December 2010, DreamWorks CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg confirmed that there would also be a third film in the series: "How To Train Your Dragon is at least three: maybe more, but we know there are at least three chapters to that story " DeBlois, the writer, and director of the second and the third film, said that How to Train Your Dragon 2 is being intentionally designed as the second act of the trilogy: "There are certain characters and situations that come into play in the second film that will have to become much more crucial to the story by the third "The film's release date was changed several times  In September 2012, 20th Century Fox and DreamWorks Animation announced an initial release date of June 18, 2016, which was later changed to June 16, 2016  It was then moved to June 9, 2017, and later to May 18, 2018, taking over the release date of Warner Animation Group's The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part  On December 5, 2016, the release date was pushed back again to March 2, 2019  This was the first DreamWorks Animation film to be distributed by Universal Pictures, after NBCUniversal's acquisition of the company in 2016, and followed DreamWorks' departure from 20th Century Fox after 2017's Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie 
The film was produced by Arnold, and exec-produced by DeBlois and Sanders  Baruchel, Butler, Blanchett, Ferguson, Ferrera, Hill, Mintz-Plasse, Harington and Wiig reprised their roles from previous films  F  Murray Abraham joined the cast as the film's main villain, Grimmel Set one year after the events of the second film, Hiccup had become the new chieftain of Berk for dragons and Vikings  His late father had told a younger Hiccup to seek out the haven of dragons, known as "the Hidden World"  Upon discovering a female Night Fury dragon, Toothless initiates a new bond with her  The Night Fury killer, Grimmel the Grisly, sets out to find and kill Toothless, prompting Hiccup to choose between keeping the dragons or setting them all free 

Live-action reboot
In February 2023, a live-action film unrelated to the animated trilogy, re-adapting the original How to Train Your Dragon novel series, was announced to be in development, to be produced by Marc Platt Productions and distributed by Universal Pictures, with Dean DeBlois set to return to write and direct  It is scheduled for release on March 14, 2025  Filming was scheduled to begin on June 30, 2023, in Los Angeles In February 2023, John Powell was confirmed to return to write the score for the live-action film  Later in May, Mason Thames and Nico Parker were announced to have been cast as Hiccup and Astrid, respectively 

Television series
Three television series make up the bulk of the DreamWorks Dragons television franchise: DreamWorks Dragons, Rescue Riders, and The Nine Realms               All series in total amount to 210 episodes across 20 seasons of television 

DreamWorks Dragons (2012–2018)
On October 12, 2010, it was announced that Cartoon Network had acquired worldwide broadcast rights to a weekly animated series based on the movie, which was scheduled to begin sometime in 2012  In January 2011, producer Tim Johnson confirmed that work had begun on the series and that, unlike the TV series spin-offs of the films Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda and Monsters vs  Aliens, How To Train Your Dragon's series is much darker and deeper, like the movie  The show is the first DreamWorks Animation series that airs on Cartoon Network instead of Nickelodeon, unlike previous series such as The Penguins of Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness and Monsters vs  Aliens Although it was announced that the series would be called Dragons: The Series, TV promos shown in June 2012 revealed a new title – Dragons: Riders of Berk  The series began airing in the third quarter of 2012  John Sanford, the director of seven episodes in the first season, confirmed that there would also be a second season  Jay Baruchel, who voiced Hiccup, also stars in the series, as well as America Ferrera (Astrid), Christopher Mintz-Plasse (Fishlegs), and T  J  Miller (Tuffnut)  The second season is accompanied with the new subtitle, Defenders of Berk, replacing the previous Riders of Berk subtitle  Starting with the third season, the series moved to Netflix and is accompanied by the subtitle Race to the Edge 

DreamWorks Dragons: Rescue Riders (2019–2022)
A preschool-oriented spin-off, DreamWorks Dragons: Rescue Riders was released on Netflix on September 27, 2019 

DreamWorks Dragons: The Nine Realms (2021–present)
On October 13, 2021, DreamWorks announced DreamWorks Dragons: The Nine Realms, set 1,300 years after The Hidden World  The six-episode series was released on Peacock and Hulu on December 23, 2021  The Nine Realms stars Jeremy Shada, and is executive produced by showrunner John Tellegen, Chuck Austen and Henry Gilroy 

Short films
Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010)
Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon is a 16 minute sequel short film to the feature film How to Train Your Dragon  The short was originally broadcast on television on October 14, 2010, on Cartoon Network, and released next day as a special feature on Blu-ray and double DVD edition of the original feature film The film follows Hiccup and his young fellows accompanying their mentor, Gobber, on a quest to kill the legendary Boneknapper Dragon  About half the film is done in traditional animation, showing Gobber's history and his encounters with the Boneknapper, and how he comes to look like he does now 

Book of Dragons (2011)
Book of Dragons is an 18-minute short film, based on How to Train Your Dragon, and was released on November 15, 2011, on DVD and Blu-ray, along with Gift of the Night Fury  The short shows Hiccup, Astrid, Fishlegs, Toothless and Gobber telling the legend behind the Book of Dragons and revealing insider training secrets about new, never before seen dragons  The short shows a total of 14 different dragons, each separated into 7 classes: Stoker (Terrible Terror, Monstrous Nightmare), Boulder (Gronckle, Whispering Death), Fear (Hideous Zippleback, Snaptrapper), Sharp (Deadly Nadder, Timberjack), Tidal (Scauldron, Thunderdrum), Mystery (Changewing, Boneknapper) and Strike (Skrill, Night Fury) 

Gift of the Night Fury (2011)
Gift of the Night Fury is a 22-minute How to Train Your Dragon Christmas special, directed by Tom Owens  It was released on November 15, 2011, on DVD and Blu-ray, along with Book of Dragons 
Based on How to Train Your Dragon, the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday, 'Snoggletog', when suddenly all the dragons inexplicably go on a mass migration, except for Toothless, so Hiccup gives him something to help 

Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014)
A 25-minute short film, titled Dawn of the Dragon Racers, was released on November 11, 2014, on the DVD/Blu-ray/digital release of How to Train Your Dragon 2  It was released on DVD separately on March 3, 2015, and it also includes Book of Dragons and Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon  It was directed by John Sanford and Elaine Bogan, and it features the voices of Jay Baruchel and America Ferrera along with the cast from the television series  In the short, a hunt for a lost sheep turns into a competition between Hiccup and his friends for the first title of Dragon Racing Champion of Berk 

How to Train Your Dragon: Homecoming (2019)
How to Train Your Dragon: Homecoming is a 22-minute holiday special which aired on NBC on December 3, 2019  It is set ten years after the dragons left the Vikings in How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, but within the film's epilogue  Hiccup and Astrid's children believe dragons are dangerous monsters after finding Stoick's old journals, leading Hiccup and Astrid to bring back the Snoggletog Pageant in order to convince them otherwise  Meanwhile, Toothless and the Light Fury's three Night Light children come to New Berk looking for Hiccup, prompting their parents to go after them 

Snoggletog Log (2019)
Snoggletog Log is a 28-minute slow television short film inspired by The Yule Log; it is a single continuous 28-minute shot of a Christmas fireplace, with various gags involving the franchise's main characters, Viking and dragon alike, happening every so often  It has been available on Hulu since the 2019 holiday season 

Video games
An action adventure video game released by Activision called How to Train Your Dragon was released for the Wii, Xbox 360, PS3 and Nintendo DS gaming consoles  It is loosely based on the film and was released on March 23, 2010 
Super Star Kartz video game was released by Activision on November 15, 2011, for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo 3DS  The game features 14 different characters from DreamWorks' films – How to Train Your Dragon, Madagascar, Shrek, and Monsters vs  Aliens 
Dragons: TapDragonDrop, a mobile video game, developed by PikPok, was released on May 3, 2012, on App Store for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch 
Dragons: Wild Skies, a 3D virtual world game based on the television series DreamWorks Dragons has been launched on August 27, 2012, on CartoonNetwork com  The game allows players to find, train and ride wild dragons, including new ones as they are introduced in the series 
School of Dragons, a 3D educational massively multiplayer online role-playing game produced by JumpStart, game concept was co-created by Producer David Jaloza and Lead Designer Justin Prate was released online in July 2013, after a month-long beta testing  A Facebook version was released in October 2013, followed by an iPad app in December 2013, a version for Android-powered tablets in March 2014, and a version for the PC in 2014  In the game, each player is able to adopt, raise and train a dragon, while learning how they function  The game was shut down on June 30, 2023 
Dragons Adventure, an augmented reality game, was released in November 2013, exclusively for Nokia Lumia 2520 
Dragons: Rise of Berk is a free game which allows players to build their own Berk village, send Hiccup and Toothless out on exploration, hatch and collect up to 30 dragons and train their own dragon at the academy  Developed by Ludia, it was released in May 2014 for iOS, and on June 20, 2014, for Android and Facebook 
How to Train Your Dragon 2, an action adventure game, was released in June 2014 for Xbox 360, Nintendo 3DS, Wii, Wii U and PlayStation 3  The game was published by Little Orbit 
Canadian developer Ludia announced Dragons: Titan Uprising in November 2018, for release in early 2019 
Dragons: Dawn of New Riders, an action adventure game, developed by Climax Studios and released in 2019 for Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and PC  The game involves the playable characters Scribbler and Patch on their quest to defeat Eir, by exploring the world and its puzzle and battle elements 
Dragons: Legends of the Nine Realms, an action adventure game, developed by Aheartfulofgames and released in 2022 for Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and PC 

Literature
Comic books
A series of comic books, titled Dragons: Riders of Berk, were released by Titan Comics, starting with the first volume, Dragon Down, on April 30, 2014  The comics were written by Simon Furman and drawn by Iwan Nazif  Other volumes are Dangers of the Deep (2014), The Ice Castle (2015), The Stowaway (2015), The Legend of Ragnarok (2015), and Underworld (2015)  Two more comic books were published on February 24, 2016, titled Dragons: Defenders of Berk  The following volumes are The Endless Night (2016) and Snowmageddon (2016) 

Graphic novels
Dark Horse Comics have released a series of graphic novels based on the franchise, starting with How to Train Your Dragon: The Serpent's Heir in 2016  The series was co-written by Dean DeBlois, writer and director of the film series, and Richard Hamilton, writer of Dragons: Race to the Edge, with the production designer of How to Train Your Dragon 2, Pierre-Olivier Vincent, providing cover artwork  The series took place between the events of second and third film, with the first novel picking up right after the conclusion of the second film 

Live performance
Ice show
A Broadway-style production titled How To Train Your Dragon On Ice is currently on Royal Caribbean's Allure of the Seas 

Arena show
How to Train Your Dragon Live Spectacular or How to Train Your Dragon Arena Spectacular is an arena show adaptation of the original film  The show is being produced in partnership with Global Creatures, the company behind another arena show Walking with Dinosaurs – The Arena Spectacular, and directed by Nigel Jamieson  The score was composed by John Powell and Jónsi from Sigur Rós  Arena Spectacular features 24 animatronic dragons – 10 different species in various sizes: Nadder, Gronckle, Monstrous Nightmare, Night Fury (Toothless), Red Death, Skrill, Stinger, Kite Dragon, Zippleback and Egg Biter  It also features villagers and Vikings, including Hiccup (Rarmian Newton/Riley Miner), Astrid (Sarah McCreanor/Gemma Nguyen), Stoick (Robert Morgan), and Gobber (Will Watkins) The show premiered as How to Train Your Dragon Arena Spectacular on March 3, 2012, in Melbourne, Australia, and was followed by a New Zealand tour in April 2012  Renamed to How to Train Your Dragon Live Spectacular, it toured United States and Canada between June 2012 and January 2013, when it was cancelled in favour of taking the show to China where it premiered in July 2014  It was also planned to come to England but was later scrapped due to an increase in market demand in China 

Theme parks
Heide Park
In 2016, the German theme park Heide Park created a whole section of the park offering various rides based on the franchise called "How to Train Your Dragon: The Island"  It offers three different flying attractions and a boat ride where guests venture into the dark Dragon Caves to meet and help Hiccup, Toothless and their friends 

Motiongate Dubai
The Dubai Hollywood-inspired theme park Motiongate Dubai also features a section of the park based on the films and television series  The most prominent attraction is the hanging roller coaster named "Dragon Gliders"  Riders join Hiccup, Toothless, Astrid, and Stormfly in flying through the caves of the Forbidden Island, where they come across an unexpected threat  Guests can also meet and greet with Hiccup, Toothless, and Astrid 

Universal Studios
To promote How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, Universal Studios Florida briefly had a limited-time virtual reality experience where guests could experience riding on Toothless, while Universal Studios Hollywood allowed visitors to meet and greet with Toothless  Universal Studios Beijing's Hollywood Boulevard area contains Untrainable, an immersive How to Train Your Dragon-themed stage show with largescale puppets and sets 

DreamWorks Water Park
A Proslide KrakenRACER mat racing slide called Dragon Racers opened at DreamWorks Water Park at American Dream in East Rutherford, New Jersey, on October 1, 2020, along with a Proslide and the world's tallest and longest hydromagnetic water coaster called Toothless Trickling Torpedo 

Reception
Box office
Having earned over $1 6 billion worldwide, How to Train Your Dragon is the 13th highest-grossing animated franchise 

Critical and public response
Accolades
The franchise was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Animated Feature, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film 

Recurring cast and characters
Additional crew and production details



ground_truth: Dragons: Riders of Berk