prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Broadbent Arena and Freedom Hall are landmarks of which U.S. city?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Louisville Thunder
Louisville Thunder was an indoor soccer club based in Louisville, Kentucky that was one of the founding clubs competing in the American Indoor Soccer Association  Peter Mahlock served as President and General Manager and Keith Tozer was the head coach   During the first season Tozer moved from just coaching to logging shifts as a player/coach   In their debut season of 1984–1985, goalkeeper Rick Schweizer won the 'Goalkeeper of the Year' award, and made it on to the All-Star team   The Louisville Thunder played its home games at the Broadbent Arena 
However, in 1987 after winning the AISA league championship over the Canton Invaders, the team disbanded due to ownership problems 
The team did produce several league all-stars during its existence including Rick Schweizer, Zoran Savic, Art Hughes and Chris Hellenkamp 

Coaches
Keith Tozer (1984–87)

Individual player honors
1984–1985 Rick Schweizer – Goalkeeper of the Year
1984–1985 All-Star TEAM Rick Schweizer & Art Hughes
1985–1986 Zoran Savic – Top Points Scorer (81)
1985–1986 All-Star TEAM Zoran Savic & Art Hughes
1986–1987 All-Star TEAM Zoran Savic, Art Hughes &  Chris Hellenkamp

Year-by-year
See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Passage 2:
Louisville Icehawks
The Louisville Icehawks were a professional ice hockey team competing in the East Coast Hockey League  The team, based in Louisville, Kentucky, played from 1990 to 1994  Their home venue was Broadbent Arena at the Kentucky Exposition Center  The mascot was called Tommy Hawk, a play on tomahawk, and resembled The San Diego Chicken, but with coloration and costume matching the team's  Tommy Hawk was "banned" from the inside portion of the arena for a period of time, due to an altercation with a visiting player who was in the penalty box  In the 1995–96 season, the team was renamed and moved to Florida to become the Jacksonville Lizard Kings 
For a period of time the Louisville Icehawk's parent team/NHL Affiliate were the Pittsburgh Penguins 
Trevor Buchanan was a player for the Icehawks that spent a great deal of time in the penalty box, thus spawning his own fan club 

Playoffs
1990–91: Defeated Knoxville 3–0 in quarterfinals; lost to Greensboro 4–0 in semifinals 
1991–92: Defeated Toledo 4–1 in first round; received quarterfinals bye; defeated Cincinnati 3–1 in semifinals; lost to Hampton Roads 4–0 in finals 
1992–93: Did not qualify 
1993–94: Defeated Knoxville 2–1 in first round; lost to Birmingham 3–0 in quarterfinals 

See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Passage 3:
Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame
The Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame is a sports hall of fame for the U S  state of Kentucky established in 1963  Individuals are inducted annually at a banquet in Louisville and receive a bronze plaque inside Louisville's Freedom Hall  The Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame other wise known as the Kentucky Sports Hall of fame, is a non-profit organization funded by the Kentucky Lottery and owned and operated by the Louisville Sports Commission 

Notable Inductees
Honorees have included Louisville native Muhammad Ali  A three-time world champion and six-time Golden Glove recipient, he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics (at age eighteen) and turned professional later that year  Also included is American football player and coach Bo McMillin (who played for Centre College in Danville, Kentucky); and basketball player and coach Pat Riley, who played in college for the Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team  While at the University of Kentucky, Riley managed to average a double double during his entire career there  He is also a ten-time NBA champion, winning one ring as a player with the Los Angeles Lakers and the rest as a coach and an owner in the NBA  Coach Riley was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2005  Bob Baffert an American racehorse trainer who trained the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah and 2018 Triple Crown winner Justify  Baffert's horses have won a record seven Kentucky Derbies, seven Preakness Stakes, three Belmont Stakes, and three Kentucky Oaks  Most recently inducted  A more recent inductee Dwane Casey inducted in the 2021 class who is the head coach for the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association  He is a former NCAA basketball player and coach, having played and coached there for over a decade before moving on to the NBA The 2013 class included people such as Jerry Carroll who was a golf professional, Donna Bender a student-athlete/athletic director at Sacred Heart Academy, University of Louisville basketball player Pervis Ellison, Calvin Borel who was a Kentucky horse racer, Pro football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers Dwayne D  Woodruff, and Tennis player Julie Ditty Inducted in the 2015 class were tennis player Mel Purcell,( he captured the 1980 NCAA doubles title with Rodney harmon and was named an all-American ) women's basketball coach Paul Sanderford, basketball player Sharon Garland, college basketball manager and King of the Bluegrass Men's Basketball Tournament founder and director Lloyd Gardner, Major League Baseball umpire Randy Marsh, track and field athlete Boyd Smith, and Lexington's Keeneland Race Course  Scott Davenport, the current men's basketball coach at Bellarmine University was also inducted 
The 2016 class included American football player Shaun Alexander, basketball player Darel Carrier, college basketball coach Scott Davenport, basketball player Kyra Elzy, high school basketball coach Philip Haywood, Kentucky Wesleyan basketball play-by-play announcer Joel Utley, and the Lakeside Swim Club  Kyra Elzy is a Kentucky native and currently holds the position as the University of Kentucky's Women's Basketball Head Coach  She also played basketball for the University of Tennessee and assisted for their team after her career 

Selection committee
The 2021 Selection Committee has the following members:
Jeff Bidwell, WPSD-TV
Drew Deener, ESPN Radio
Jody Demling, iHeart Media
Mike Fields, retired Lexington Herald Leader staff writer
Jason Frakes, Courier Journal
Kendrick Haskins, WAVE 3
Reina Kempt, Courier Journal
Zack Klemme, The Daily Independent
Mark Mathis, Owensboro Messenger-Inquirer
Marques Maybin, ESPN Radio
Brian Milam, WKYT-TV
Steve Moss, WKYT-TV
Kevin Patton, The Gleaner
Kent Spencer, WHAS-TV
Mark Story, Lexington Herald-Leader

Inductees
The Hall of fame has been honoring athletes for the past 58 years  These are some of the athletes inducted in the past 6 years  Here is the link to the full list of inductees 

2021
John Asher - Kentucky Derby ambassador  He is known as the voice and face of horseracing in Kentucky 
Dwane Casey - American Professional basketball coach who attended Union County High School in Morganfield, Kentucky and played four years at the University of Kentucky winning a National Championship in 1977-78  He began His coaching career at the Western Kentucky University before becoming the first African American assistant coach at The University of Kentucky, before moving to the NBA 
Romeo Crennel - American football coach  Before becoming a defensive coordinator, he was a star at Western Kentucky, where he was a four-year starter and a team captain as a senior in 1969  He then embarked on his coaching career that spanned six decades and included five Super Bowl rings as an assistant 
Rachel Komisarz Baugh - American swimmer, Olympic gold medalist, and former world record-holder  She swam at the University of Kentucky and became a seven-time All American swimmer and three-time SEC Champion by the end of her four years at the University 
Keith Madison - Head coach of the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team from 1979 to 2003  He remains the most winningest baseball coach in program history with 735 wins 
Elmore Smith - Former American professional basketball player  Played at Kentucky State University and went on to play in the NBA for the Buffalo Braves 

2020
Pete Browning - American professional baseball player that was a pioneer for the major league games, which included several seasons with the Louisville Colonels 
Anna May Hutchison- Louisville native, she played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League 
Clarence "Cave" Wilson- Basketball player  Wilson led the Horse Cave, KY, Colored School to 65 consecutive basketball victories in the 1940s  He was a forward and a point guard for the Harlem Globetrotters (1949-1964)

2019
Derek Anderson- American former professional basketball player  In 1996, Anderson helped the University of Kentucky win the NCAA Men's Basketball      Championship as part of a team that featured nine future NBA players under their coach Rick Pitino, known as the “untouchables”
Deion Branch- is a former American football player for the NFL  He played college football as a wide receiver at Louisville under coach John L  Smith  Branch was named the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl XXXIX 
William Exum was the head of the Kentucky State University Physical Education Department and later head of the Athletics Department  He coached the KSU men's cross country team to an NCAA Division II championship in 1964  He was also the manager of the United States Track and Field teams at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics 
Ralph Hacker spent 34 years on the UK Radio Network  He served as the men's basketball analyst for many years with broadcaster Cawood Ledford
Willis Augustus Lee was a Kentucky native and a skilled sport shooter that won seven medals in the 1920 Olympics shooting events, including five gold medals  He was tied with teammate Lloyd Spooner for the most anyone had ever received in a single Olympics  Their record stood for 60 years 
Nate Northington- He was the first African-American to play in a college football SEC game with the Kentucky Wildcats 

2018
Bob Baffert
Sam Ball
Bob Beatty
Bernie Bickerstaff
Ken Ramsey
Nicky Hayden

2017
Mike Battaglia
Howard Beth
Rodger Bird
Rob Bromley
Swag Hartel
Kenny Klein
Dennis Lampley
Marion Miley

2016
Shaun Alexander
Darel Carrier
Scott Davenport
Kyra Elzy
Philip Haywood
Joel Utley
Lakeside Swim Club*Selection on hiatus 1965
**Selection on hiatus 1967-1974
**Selection on hiatus 1976-1984
Passage 4:
Freedom Hall
Freedom Hall is a multi-purpose arena in Louisville, Kentucky, on the grounds of the Kentucky Exposition Center, which is owned by the Commonwealth of Kentucky  It is best known for its use as a basketball arena, previously serving as the home of the University of Louisville Cardinals and, since November 2020, as the home of the Bellarmine University Knights  It has hosted Kiss, Chicago, AC/DC, WWE events, Mötley Crüe, Elvis Presley, The Doors, Janis Joplin, Creed, Led Zeppelin, Van Halen and many more  As well as the Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team from 1956 to 2010, the arena’s tenants included the Kentucky Colonels of the American Basketball Association from 1970 until the ABA-NBA merger in June 1976, and the Louisville Cardinals women's team from its inception in 1975 to 2010  The Kentucky Stickhorses of the North American Lacrosse League used Freedom Hall from 2011 until the team folded in 2013  From 2015 to 2019 it has hosted the VEX Robotics Competition World Championship Finals yearly in mid-April 
The arena lost its status as Kentuckiana's main indoor sporting and concert venue when the downtown KFC Yum! Center opened in 2010   It is still used regularly, however, hosting concerts, horse shows, conventions, and basketball games 

History
Freedom Hall was completed in 1956 in the newly opened Kentucky Fair and Exposition Center located 5 miles (8 0 km) south of Downtown Louisville  It received its name as the result of a statewide essay contest sponsored by the State Fair Board and the American Legion  Charlotte Owens, a senior at DuPont Manual High School, submitted the winning entry over 6,500 others  Designed for the nation's premier equestrian competition, the Kentucky State Fair World's Championship Horse Show, the floor length and permanent seating were designed specifically for the almost 300-foot (91 m)-long show ring (in comparison, a regulation hockey rink is 200 feet (61 m) long, and a basketball court is only 94 feet)  The North American International Livestock Exposition also is held there each November  Muhammad Ali fought his first professional fight at Freedom Hall when he won a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker  Freedom Hall was also one of the major stops on the Motortown (later MOTOWN) traveling music revue during the early and mid-1960s 
Grateful Dead played Freedom Hall 4 times including 6/18/74, 4/9/89, 6/15/93, and 6/16/93  6/18/74 was officially released as Road Trips Volume 2 Number 3 
Judgment Day (2000) was also held at the Freedom Hall  A collegiate wrestling tournament was held at the arena in 2019 
Freedom Hall has hosted campaign rallies for two U S  presidents: John F  Kennedy and Donald Trump 

Tenant history
The Kentucky Colonels fielded successful teams during their tenure at Freedom Hall, winning the American Basketball Association (ABA) Championship in the 1974–75 season and reaching the ABA Finals two other times  The 1970-71 team played in the ABA Championship Finals, losing to the Utah Stars in 7 games  The 1972-73 team advanced to the Finals again, losing to the Indiana Pacers in 7 games  The Colonels were disbanded when the ABA merged with the National Basketball Association in 1976  Hall of Fame players Dan Issel and Artis Gilmore played for the Colonels during their successful run  Hall of Fame Coach Hubie Brown coached the Colonels Championship team In 1984 the facility was refurbished, including lowering the floor to allow maximum capacity to increase from 16,664 to 18,865 for basketball  It was the full-time home of Cardinal men's basketball from the 1957–58 season to 2010, with the team winning 82% of home games in 50+ seasons  The University of Louisville was ranked in the Top 5 in attendance for the past 25 years, with 16 of the last 19 years averaging more than 100% of capacity 
In addition to being the home of the Cardinals, Freedom Hall has hosted NCAA tournament games ten times, including six Final Fours between 1958 and 1969  The arena has also hosted 11 conference tournaments, nine Metro Conference Tournaments and two Conference USA tournaments—2001 and 2003  It has also hosted the Kentucky Boys' High School State Basketball Tournament (also known as the Sweet 16) 23 times, including every year from 1965 to 1978  In 1984, the floor of the arena was lowered about 10 feet (3 0 m) to increase the capacity of the arena from 16,613 to its current figure  In the 1996–97 season Freedom Hall averaged an attendance of 19,590 surpassing arena capacity  Freedom Hall hosts the Championship tractor pull every February during the National Farm Machinery Show 
From 2001 to 2008, the arena football team Louisville Fire of the af2 played in Freedom Hall before ceasing operations 
On the lower level is the Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame where an engraved bronze plaque honors each inductee The University of Louisville men's basketball team played their final game at Freedom Hall in front of a record crowd of 20,138 on March 6, 2010, against Syracuse University, the #1 ranked team in the nation  Louisville won in an upset 78–68 
The arena began to gain new tenants in 2012 with the addition of the Kentucky Stickhorses, and in 2013, with the addition of the Kentucky Xtreme  However, the Kentucky Stickhorses folded in 2014 after the lack of wins and the lack of attendance  The Kentucky Xtreme were suspended mid-season with other teams playing the remainder of their season  In 2020, the Bellarmine University Knights selected Freedom Hall as their home for men's and women's basketball 

Gallery
See also
List of events at Freedom Hall
KFC Yum! Center
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
Passage 5:
Cleveland City Hall
Cleveland City Hall is the seat of government for the City of Cleveland, Ohio, and the home of Cleveland City Council and the office of the Mayor of Cleveland  It opened in 1916 and is located at 601 Lakeside Avenue in the Civic Center area of Downtown Cleveland  The building was the first of its kind designed by Cleveland architect J  Milton Dyer for governmental purposes for a major U S  city  At the time of its construction, City Hall was to continue the city planning of Daniel Burnham's 1903 Group Plan  City Hall stands as a historic landmark that was added to the Cleveland Landmarks Commission The rotunda in the building has been the site of numerous weddings, rallies, protests, and galas  The body of U S  Representative Louis Stokes lay in state in the rotunda for the public to pay their respects after his death in 2015 

Construction
The original design had been finalized by 1907 and features Neoclassical elements, but it would take nearly 10 more years before that design would be realized  By the time of its construction, Dyer had undertaken several important building commissions in the Cleveland area and was known for his ornate but refined style of architecture  The building cost $3 million in 1916 (equivalent to $81 million in 2022) and took nearly five years to complete with construction commencing in 1912  The building is located on the bluff that overlooks the North Coast Harbor district that abuts Lake Erie and the Port of Cleveland  
The Cleveland City Council Chambers underwent major renovations in 1951 and 1977  However, the outside of the building has remained largely unchanged since 1916, save for normal repairs, refittings and the usual upkeep of the superstructure  City Hall stands next to Willard Park and The Mall and is across the street from Public Hall 

Occupants
The following city agencies are in building:
Mayor's Office Subdivisions
Building and Housing
Civil Service Commission
Community Development
Community Relations
Finance
Law
Personnel and Human Resources
Public SafetyThe city of Cleveland has numerous other agencies and departments spread throughout downtown buildings, these include, Carl B  Stokes Public Works Building which is headquarters to Cleveland Division of Water, the Tower at Erieview, Cleveland Public Powerhouse and Public Hall, among others  As with other major U S  cities as the city expanded and diversified, the City Hall building could no longer house all of the needed departments 

See also
Downtown Cleveland
Civic Center (Cleveland)
Passage 6:
Louisville RiverFrogs
The Louisville RiverFrogs were a professional ice hockey team competing in the East Coast Hockey League (ECHL), which was a mid-level professional American hockey league with teams from all over the United States as well as one franchise from Canada  The team was based in Louisville, Kentucky and played from 1995 to 1998  Their home venue was Broadbent Arena (nicknamed "The Swamp" for their duration; capacity 6,600) at the Kentucky Exposition Center 
At the conclusion of the 1997–1998 season, the franchise was sold and moved to Florida to become the Miami Matadors for a year before moving to Ohio as the Cincinnati Cyclones in 2001  The Cyclones are still currently playing in the ECHL  They started out playing their games in Cincinnati Gardens, but they now play at the Heritage Bank Center  The Cyclones are also the minor league affiliate to the Rochester Americans of the American Hockey League (AHL), as well as the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL) 
The team's mascot was Rowdy River Frog  The RiverFrogs games were locally known for the amount of non-hockey-related entertainment at shows, including a giant frog blimp, hot tubs, and concession booths 

See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Passage 7:
Louisville Fire
The Louisville Fire was an arena football team that played its home games at the Brown-Forman Field in Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky  They were a 2001 expansion team of the af2   Their owner/operator was former Pro Bowl lineman and Louisville native Will Wolford  The team was somewhat successful  After a rocky first few seasons they finally found success in 2004 and then made it all the way to the Arena Cup in the 2005 season 
On December 19, 2001, Jeff Brohm was named the head coach of the Louisville Fire arena football team  The Fire started the 0–7 before they defeated the Carolina Rhinos 31–28 to improve to 1–7  The Fire would finish the season 2–14 In 2003, English was hired to replace Brohm as the head coach of the Louisville Fire af2 team  He was fired after just two games with a record of 2–2 In July 2007, it was announced that the team planned on selling portions of the team to local ownership (aka the NFL's Green Bay Packers) in an attempt to boost season ticket sales and then buy the shares back in time before the team joined the AFL In November 2008, the Louisville Fire ceased operations 

Award winners
2004 – Takua Furutani – International Player of the Year
2005 – Matthew Sauk – Offensive Player of the Year
2005 – Danny Kight – Kicker of the Year
2006 – Brett Dietz – Rookie of the Year
2006 – Rob Mager – Offensive Player of the Year
2008 – Elizabeth "Liz" Horrall – Miss Louisville Fire Football

Season-by-season
Coaching staff
See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville Cardinals
Passage 8:
Broadbent Arena
Broadbent Arena is a 6,600 seat multi-purpose arena in Louisville, Kentucky  It was home to the Louisville Icehawks and Louisville RiverFrogs ECHL teams   The arena, along with Cardinal Stadium and Freedom Hall, is located on the grounds of the Kentucky Exposition Center in Louisville   The arena is used for equestrian events, and other fairground type activities  As of January 2021, the arena is being used as a major distribution site for COVID-19 vaccines 

See also
Sports in Louisville, Kentucky
Passage 9:
Freedom Hall Civic Center
Freedom Hall Civic Center is a multi-purpose arena in Johnson City, Tennessee Starting in 2014, it became the basketball venue for East Tennessee State University 

History
Freedom Hall Civic Center opened in 1974 on the Liberty Bell Complex next to Science Hill High School  The arena was built by the city of Johnson City to be used as an entertainment venue and additional space for the middle and high schools located on the property  Over the years the venue has been used for sporting events, theatrical productions, concerts, ice shows, and a rodeo venue 
Former and current entertainment include concerts from Van Halen, Bon Jovi, Eric Clapton, Def Leppard, Poison (band), Ozzy Osbourne, Mötley Crüe,  KISS, Bruce Springsteen, Third Day, For King & Country, Chicago, AC/DC, Lynyrd Skynyrd (original band), Metallica, Elvis Presley, Elton John, and Aerosmith  Entertainment from professional wrestling organizations Jim Crockett Promotions, WWE, Smoky Mountain Wrestling, and from the Ringling Bros  and Barnum & Bailey Circus 

See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
Passage 10:
Johnson City 2001
Johnson City 2001 is a complete concert album by Widespread Panic   The three disc set is the fifth release from the Widespread Panic archives   The performance was recorded live at Freedom Hall Civic Center in Johnson City, Tennessee on November 20, 2001  The multi-track recording featured all original band members including the late guitarist, Michael Houser 

Track listing
Disc 1
"L A " (Widespread Panic) - 4:45
"Wondering" (Widespread Panic) - 7:41
"It Ain't No Use" (Joseph "Zigaboo" Modeliste / Art Neville / Leo Nocentelli / George Porter Jr ) - 10:27
"Impossible" (Widespread Panic) - 5:04
"Worry" (Widespread Panic) - 7:16
"New Blue" (Widespread Panic) - 4:41
"Holden Oversoul" (Widespread Panic) - 8:03
"Stop-Go" (Widespread Panic) - 10:20
"Makes Sense To Me" (Daniel Hutchens) - 4:27

Disc 2
"Weak Brain, Narrow Mind" (Willie Dixon) - 9:13
"One Arm Steve" (Widespread Panic) - 4:04
"Old Neighborhood" (Widespread Panic) - 6:22
"Trouble" (Cat Stevens) - 2:57
"Love Tractor" (Widespread Panic) - 7:18
"Pigeons" (Widespread Panic) - 11:37
"Airplane" (Widespread Panic) - 14:06
"Drums" (Widespread Panic) - 16:27

Disc 3
"Drums and Bass" (Widespread Panic) - 7:41
"Astronomy Domine" (Syd Barrett) - 2:45
"Good Morning Little School Girl (Sonny Boy Williamson I)"- 8:16
"The Waker" (Widespread Panic) - 4:50
"She Caught the Katy (Taj Mahal / James Rachell)" - 4:21
"Gimme" (Widespread Panic) - 5:24
"Chunk of Coal" (Billy Joe Shaver) - 4:23

Personnel
Widespread Panic
John Bell - Vocals, Guitar
Michael Houser - Guitar, Vocals
Dave Schools - Bass, Vocals
Todd Nance - Drums
John "Jojo" Hermann - Keyboards, Vocals
Domingo "Sunny" Ortiz - Percussion

Production
Mixed by Chris Rabold and Drew Vandenberg at Chase Park Transduction in Athens, GA 
Recorded by Brad Blettenberg
Mastered by Drew Vandenberg at Chase Park Transduction Studios in Athens, GA 
Setlist by Garrie Vereen
Additional audience recordings provided by Charles Fox
Context 3: Passage 1:
Jerry Schumacher
Jerry Schumacher is an American coach for the University of Oregon track and field and cross country program, specializing in distance running  He has coached Olympic silver medalist and the former American women's 10k record holder Shalane Flanagan, former Canadian 10k record holder Simon Bairu, the former men's American 10k record holder Chris Solinsky, the men's American two mile record holder Matt Tegenkamp, and the women's NCAA 10k record holder Lisa Koll  Prior to 2008 he was the head coach of the University of Wisconsin–Madison track and field team During his college years at the University of Wisconsin, Schumacher specialized in the 1500m, an event in which he would become an All-American and set a personal best of 3:39 
After a brief period of post-collegiate running, Schumacher quickly transitioned into coaching, accepting a job as an assistant coach at the University of North Carolina 
The Head Men's Distance Coaching job at Wisconsin opened up, and it was an easy decision to move back to his home state and coach the Badgers  Over the next 9 years, Schumacher established Wisconsin as one of the premier distance schools in the country by bringing in top-level recruits and slowly developing his athletes 
He is now the coach of the Bowerman Track Club, a running club based in Portland, Oregon which has produced 28 Olympians during his tenure  In July 2022, the University of Oregon announced the hire of Schumacher as head Cross Country and Track and Field Coach, replacing Robert Johnson Schumacher is the father of 4 children 
Passage 2:
Ato Boldon
Ato Jabari Boldon  (born 30 December 1973) is a Trinidadian former track and field athlete, politician, and four-time Olympic medal winner  He holds the Trinidad and Tobago national record in the 50, 60 and 200 metres events with times of 5 64, 6 49 and 19 77 seconds respectively, and also the Commonwealth Games record in the 100 m  He also held the 100m national record at 9 86s, having run it four times until Richard Thompson ran 9 85s on 13 August 2011 
After retiring from his track career, Boldon was an Opposition Senator in the Trinidad and Tobago Parliament, representing the United National Congress from 2006–2007  Boldon works as an NBC Sports television broadcast analyst for track and field 

Career
Early life and junior career
Boldon was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago to a Jamaican mother, and Trinidadian father, Hope and Guy Boldon  He attended Fatima College (Secondary School) in Trinidad before leaving for the United States at age fourteen  In December 1989, as a soccer player at Jamaica High School in Queens, New York City, head track and field coach Joe Trupiano noticed his sprinting abilities during a soccer practice session In his first track season at age 16, Boldon finished with 21 20 seconds in the 200 metres and 48 40 seconds in the 400 metres, recording a double win at the Queens County Championships in 1990, and earning MVP honours  After transferring for his final year from Jamaica High to Piedmont Hills High School in San Jose, California, Boldon was selected to the San Jose Mercury News' Santa Clara all-county soccer team  He also continued to sprint, placing third in the 200 m at the CIF California State Meet in 1991  Athletics became his primary focus and he won the Junior Olympic Title that summer in Durham, North Carolina, in 200 m 
At 18, Boldon represented Trinidad and Tobago at 100 metres and 200 m in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona but did not qualify in the first round of either event  Boldon returned to the junior circuit, winning the 100 m and 200 m titles at the IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics in Seoul, South Korea to become the first double sprint champion in World Junior Championships history 
Boldon was also an NCAA Champion while enrolled as a sociology major at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1995 in the 200 m  In 1996, he secured an NCAA 100 m Championship in Eugene, Oregon in the final race of his collegiate career, setting an NCAA meet record of 9 92  Boldon also held the collegiate 100 m record with 9 90 s from 1996 until it was broken by Travis Padgett, who ran 9 89s, in 2008  Ngonidzashe Makusha later equalled this record at the 2011 NCAA Championships in Des Moines, Iowa

Senior athletics
Boldon won his first international senior-level medal at the 1995 World Championships, taking home the bronze in the 100 m  At the time, he was the youngest athlete ever at 21 years of age to win a medal in that event  The following year at the 1996 Summer Olympics, he again placed third in the 100 m and 200 m events, both behind world records  In 1997, he won the 200 m at the World Championships in Athens, Greece; his country's first world title in the Athletics World Championships  This made him one of only a few male sprinters to win both a World Junior and World Senior title 
The following year saw Boldon reaching the peak of his career, setting a new personal best and national record of 9 86 s in the 100 m at the Mt  SAC Relays in Walnut, California on 19 April and repeating the feat in Athens on 17 June  He picked up gold in the 100 m at the 1998 Commonwealth Games held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, setting a record time of 9 88 s, beating Namibia's Frankie Fredericks (9 96 s) and Barbados' Obadele Thompson (10 00 s)  The Commonwealth Games 100 m record remains unbroken In 1999, Boldon ran 9 86 s twice in the 100 m before sustaining a serious hamstring injury which forced him to miss the World Championships in Seville – the only Championship he missed in his career due to injury 
A silver medal in the 100 m and a bronze in the 200 m were Boldon's results of the 2000 Summer Olympics, which was a personal victory, considering his comeback from a career-threatening injury the year before  This win made him the most successful individual Olympic medallist from Trinidad and Tobago with four Olympic medals 
In 2001, Boldon tested positive at an early-season relay meet for the stimulant ephedrine, and was given a warning, but was not suspended or sanctioned, since ephedrine is a substance found in many over the counter remedies, and Boldon had been treating a cold  "It is in no way something where the blame is laid on the athlete," said IAAF General Secretary István Gyulai of the positive result 
Also in 2001, at the World Championships in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Boldon finished fourth and out of the medals in the 100 m with 9 98 s, and then ran the second leg of his country's 4 x 100-metre relay, finishing third in the finals  This was Trinidad and Tobago's first 4 x 100 m relay medal in either World or Olympic competition and Boldon states that making national history with this team of young men (the average age of his teammates was 19) was his greatest accomplishment in his career  The colours of his 2001 World Championship medals would change in 2005 as both his placings were improved – he received bronze in the 100 m and the bronze relay medals were upgraded to silver after all the times and performances of the American sprinter Tim Montgomery (who was second in the 100 m and won the 4 x 100 m with the US team) were nullified due to serious doping violations  That brought Boldon's career total to four World Championship medals, to match his four Olympic medals 
Boldon was seriously injured in a head-on crash with a drunk driver in Barataria, Trinidad and Tobago, in July 2002, and never again ran sub-ten seconds in the 100 m or sub-twenty seconds for 200 m, something he had done on 37 separate occasions prior to 2002  In 2006, a judge in Trinidad found that Boldon was not at fault in that accident, and he was paid substantial damages as a result  That accident left Boldon with a serious hip injury, and he was a shadow of his former self as a sprinter  In 2004 at the Athens Olympic Games, he failed to advance out of the first round of the 100 m heats but captained his country's 4 x 100 m relay team to their first-ever Olympic final, where they finished seventh 
Boldon is the eighth person to win a medal for Trinidad and Tobago at the Olympics and currently has the third most wind-legal sub-10 second 100 m performances in history with 28, behind former training partner Maurice Greene, who has 52, and Jamaica's former 100 m World Record holder Asafa Powell, who leads with 97 
On 20 April 2008 The Observer published the contents of a letter believed to be by Boldon to John Smith, his former coach, accusing Smith, Maurice Greene of betraying him by obtaining banned drugs without his knowledge, lying about Greene competing without drugs and damaging his own career  But for a quote on the matter to HellenicAthletes com, a website he wrote for at the time, Boldon has had no further official comment 

Broadcasting
At the 1999 World Championships in Seville, Spain, Boldon could not compete due to a serious injury  The British Broadcasting Corporation hired him to do commentary and analysis for their coverage of those Championships  He proved popular with the audience and was invited back as a track-side analyst for the BBC coverage of the U S  Olympic Track and Field Trials in 2000, from Sacramento, California 
From 2005 to 2009, Boldon was in the broadcast booth for the U S  Television network CBS as part of their commentary team for the NCAA Outdoor Track and Field Championships  In June 2007, he made his debut for NBC Sports as an analyst for the 2007 U S  National Championships, and he also was an integral part of Versus and NBC's coverage of 2007 Osaka World Championships  In 2008, he was the sprint analyst at the US Olympic Track and Field Trials and the 2008 Summer Olympics for NBC Sports  Boldon was widely praised for his NBC work by the press, including the Los Angeles Times, USA Today and The New York Times which called him "one of NBC's best analysts, a blend of athletic smarts, charisma, precise analysis and brashness " In 2010, Boldon joined the only U S  track and field broadcast team he had not previously been a regular part of, ESPN, after the departure of their long-time analyst, Larry Rawson  In 2012, he continued his role as the NBC track and field analyst for the 2012 Summer Olympics  In 2013, for his 2012 London Olympic commentary, Boldon became the first and only track and field broadcaster in US history to be nominated for a Sports Emmy Award  He was nominated in the category of Outstanding Sports Personality, Sports Event Analyst  Cris Collinsworth, his friend and colleague from NBC Sports' Sunday Night Football, eventually won the Emmy, his fifth win in a row  Alongside Tom Feuer, Boldon has served as a game analyst for Track & Field events for the Pac-12 NetworkIn 2017, Boldon joined NASCAR on NBC's broadcast as a features contributor 

Politics
Boldon was sworn in on 14 February 2006 as a Senator representing the Opposition United National Congress following the resignation of former Senator Roy Augustus, who resigned on 13 February in a dispute over the leadership style of then Leader of the Opposition Basdeo Panday  Boldon resigned on 11 April 2007 after 14 months as a senator, also citing issues with Panday's leadership ability 

Media
In 2006, Boldon wrote, produced and directed a 73-minute DVD film entitled Once in a Lifetime: Boldon in Bahrain which documented his voyage with fellow fans and Trinidad and Tobago nationals to the Kingdom of Bahrain, where the country's soccer team, the Soca Warriors, defeated Bahrain 1–0 in a playoff to become the smallest country ever to qualify for the FIFA World Cup, qualifying to play at the Germany 2006 tournament 

Coaching
Boldon began coaching Khalifa St  Fort around 2012 and helped her improve her 100 m from 12 3 to 11 5 seconds after one month  St  Fort won the silver medal at the 2015 World Youth Championships in Athletics and a bronze in the relay at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics 

Personal life
Boldon married entertainment executive/manager Cassandra Mills in 1998 after a three-year courtship  Boldon and Mills divorced in 2007  They had no children together  He has one daughter from a previous relationship  He had a daughter with news anchor Neki Mohan in 2007  They split up in 2018  He resides in Florida  Boldon also holds U S  citizenship In 2000, Boldon was made a sports ambassador by the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and given a diplomatic passport  He is widely viewed as one of the all-time leading sportsmen in the history of the Caribbean, as well as one of its most internationally recognizable spokesmen  When Trinidad and Tobago hosted the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship in association football, one of the new stadiums constructed for the tournament was located in Couva and named Ato Boldon Stadium  The only other island sprinter to have a stadium named after him is 1976 Olympic champion Hasely Crawford (Hasley Crawford Stadium located in the capital Port of Spain) 
Boldon is a qualified pilot, having earned his private pilot's license in August 2005  He is a member of the AOPA, Aircraft Owners and Pilot's Association 

Achievements
On 4 November 2011, Boldon was inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame 

Competition record
Personal bests
All information taken from IAAF profile 
Passage 3:
Richard Thompson (sprinter)
Richard "Torpedo" Thompson (born 7 June 1985) is a sprinter from Trinidad and Tobago who specializes in the 100 metres  His personal best of 9 82 seconds, set in June 2014, was one of the top ten fastest of all time, and a national record  In the 200 meters he has the fourth fastest time by a Trinidad and Tobago athlete Thompson studied at Louisiana State University (LSU) and broke the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) indoor 60 metres record in 2008, his final season of collegiate athletics At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Thompson was the silver medalist in the 100 meters, running a then personal best of 9 89 seconds, and the gold medalist in the 4x100 meters relay along with Emmanuel Callender, Keston Bledman and Marc Burns  He also won the silver medal in the 4x100 meters at the 2012 Olympics with the same team he competed in the 2008 Olympics with  Also in the 2012 Olympics, he finished 6th following the disqualification of Tyson Gay in the final of the 100 meters  Thompson is a five time Trinidad and Tobago national champion  His current personal best of 9 82 was set at the 2014 Trinidad and Tobago national championships In 2017, fellow sprinter and 2008 Olympic Games men's relay gold medalist Nesta Carter was sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee for doping at the 2008 event, retroactively awarding the Trinidad and Tobago team which included Thompson Olympic Gold 

Early life
Born on 7 June 1985 in Cascade, Port of Spain, Thompson is the last of four children of Ruthven and Judith Thompson  He attended Queen's Royal College in Port of Spain where he was coached by Ashwin Creed  He competed at the 2004 Hampton Games running a time of 10 65 in the 100 meters 

Amateur career
He ran for Louisiana State University as a member of the LSU Tigers track and field team and set NCAA Indoor record in the 60 metres in 2008   That year he won the NCAA Men's Outdoor Track Athlete of the Year Award and the SEC Men's Outdoor Track Athlete of the Year award 

Professional career
In his first World Championships in Athletics in Osaka in 2007, Thompson reached the second round but finished eighth in a time of 10 44 seconds  His personal best time is 9 89 seconds, achieved in August 2008 in Beijing, China, during the Olympic 100 m final where he won silver  Thompson's personal best for the 200 metres is 20 18 s which ran in Fayetteville for LSU  His 60 metres best is 6 51 s, achieved in March 2008 in Fayetteville  He won the relay gold medal at the 2008 Central American and Caribbean Championships with Trinidad and Tobago 
In the 2008 Summer Olympics he competed in the 100 m sprint and placed first in his heat ahead of Martial Mbandjock with a time of 10 24 s  He qualified for the second round, beating Tyson Gay and Mbandjock, with a winning time of 9 99 s  He qualified in the semi-finals with a time of 9 93 s, finishing second to Asafa Powell  In the final he finished in second place; he was far behind winner Usain Bolt (9 69 s) but his time of 9 89 s was enough to win the silver medal and set a new personal best  His new best time made him the second fastest Trinidadian 100 m sprinter ever, after Ato Boldon Together with Keston Bledman, Aaron Armstrong and Marc Burns he also competed at the 4 x 100 metres relay  In their qualification heat they placed first in front of Japan, the Netherlands and Brazil  Their time of 38 26 s was the fastest of all sixteen teams participating in the first round and they qualified for the final  Armstrong was replaced by Emmanuel Callender for the final race and they sprinted to a time of 38 06 s, the second time after the Jamaican team, winning the silver medal  In 2022, Thompson and his teammates received the gold medal due to Jamaica's Nesta Carter testing positive for the prohibited substance methylhexaneamine Thompson was involved in a car accident on 1 January 2009, resulting in minor injuries which caused him to miss the indoor athletics season  He competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics and reached the 100 m final, finishing in fifth place with a season's best of 9 93 seconds in fastest ever race at that point in time  He teamed up with fellow finalist Marc Burns for the relay and ran a national record time of 37 62 seconds to finish as runners-up behind the Jamaican team He achieved a 100/200 m double at the 2010 national championships  His season was highlighted by a win on the 2010 IAAF Diamond League circuit, taking the 100 m at the Prefontaine Classic with a wind-assisted time of 9 89 seconds  In August Thompson broke the national record with a run of 9 85 s at the 2011 national championships  The achievement, which ranked him ninth fastest in all-time lists, eclipsed Ato Boldon's record by 0 01 seconds  Despite this form, he failed to make the 100 m final at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, being eliminated in the semis, although he did anchor the relay team to fifth place in the final 
At the 2012 national championships he had his win streak beaten by Keston Bledman and had to settle for second with his time of 9 96 seconds In the 2012 100m Olympic final, he gained the distinction of becoming the first man to break ten seconds and finish in seventh place



ground_truth: Louisville

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Luther: The Calling is based on the BBC crime drama comprising six episodes that were run in which year?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Kiss of Death (TV drama)
Kiss of Death, previously titled Breathless and Blood Rush, is a British crime investigation television film, written by Barbara Machin, author of the British television crime drama series Waking the Dead, that aired on BBC on 26 May 2008 
The one-off drama, intended as a backdoor pilot for a possible series, was originally written as a two-part series but was re-written several times at the request of BBC executives  The original running time of 120 minutes was also shortened to 90, and the programme was finally broadcast in one instalment in May 2008  The drama was produced by BBC Northern Ireland and shot in Bristol  A DVD was released in Sweden in 2010, but as of 2016, has not been released in the UK  Viewing figures of 3 9 million did not prove strong enough for a full series to be commissioned 

Synopsis
A plot synopsis issued by the BBC in a press release read as follows: "In this drama, a killer has killed once and kidnapped another victim, challenging the investigative and forensic team to work out why  Suddenly everyone's past comes under scrutiny, everyone's version of the truth comes under suspicion  Kay Rousseau (Louise Lombard), who heads up the crime team, is back at work after the death of her child  Suspicion about her involvement in this death remains, not least in her own husband  Only Matt Costello (Danny Dyer), Kay's second-in-command and a dedicated, impassioned copper, is loyal to the core  Dr  George Austen (Lyndsey Marshal), the team's forensic scientist, worked on Kay's case and knows things Kay wished she didn't, and this isn't helped by her own fast increasing addiction to alcohol which puts her evidential work under unwelcome scrutiny 
Dr Clive Morrell (Shaun Parkes) is a profiler whose own mood swings and strange behaviour are causing concern within the team  Jude Whiley (Lenora Crichlow) is a rookie cop, who is young, fresh and has an energy and passion for the job that verges on obsession  Miles Trumeman (Ace Bhatti) plays Kay's husband Miles Trueman, who is a lawyer attached to the case  Brian McCardie plays killer Michael Bovery, a man obsessed with one of the team, and Jeffery Kissoon plays Commissioner Wilson, Rousseau's boss "

Cast
Louise Lombard as Superintendent Kay Rousseau
Danny Dyer as Detective Inspector Matt Costello
Lenora Crichlow as Detective Constable Jude Whiley
Lyndsey Marshal as Dr  George Austen, pathologist
Shaun Parkes as Dr  Clive Morrell, profiler
Ace Bhatti as Miles Trueman, lawyer
Caroline O'Hara as Jane, kidnap and rape victim
Neil McDermott as John, kidnap victim
Perry Benson as The Courier
Brian McCardie as Michael Bovery
Jeffery Kissoon as Commissioner Wilson

Notes
External links
Kiss of Death at BBC Online 
Kiss of Death at IMDb
Passage 2:
Sam &amp; Max Save the World
Sam & Max Save the World is a graphic adventure video game developed by Telltale Games  The game was originally released as Sam & Max: Season One before being renamed in early 2009  Save the World was developed in episodic fashion, comprising six episodes that were released for Microsoft Windows over the course of late 2006 and early 2007  The episodes were initially distributed online by GameTap and Telltale Games themselves, although the later retail releases of the game were published by The Adventure Company and JoWooD Productions in North America and Europe respectively  A Wii port of the game was published in late 2008, and an Xbox Live Arcade version was released in mid-2009  A remaster of the game by Skunkape Games was released in December 2020 for Nintendo Switch and Microsoft Windows, in August 2021 for Xbox One, and in September 2022 for PlayStation 4 Based on Steve Purcell's comic book series Sam & Max, the game follows the title characters Sam and Max—self-styled vigilante private investigators, the former an anthropomorphic dog and the latter a "hyperkinetic rabbity thing"—through several cases involving a hypnotism conspiracy  Each episode features one case with a contained story, with an underlying plot running through the series  The game was announced by Telltale Games in 2005 following the cancellation of Sam & Max: Freelance Police by LucasArts in the preceding year; many of the employees at Telltale Games were members of the Freelance Police development team 
The game received a positive response from critics, with praise bestowed on the game's humor, graphics and gameplay, but concerns were voiced over the low difficulty of the puzzles, repetition in design between episodes and the effectiveness of the story  Opinions dissented across the Atlantic; some British reviewers did not appreciate the writing in the way that American critics did  Nevertheless, the game has won several awards and is often cited by commentators as the first successful application of episodic distribution  The game was accompanied by a number of short machinima videos set between each episode  The game was followed by two episodic sequels: Sam & Max Beyond Time and Space in 2007 and Sam & Max: The Devil's Playhouse in 2010 

Gameplay
Sam & Max Save the World is a 3D graphic adventure game in which the player controls the character of Sam  The player has Sam explore the environments of the game and solve a series of puzzles using a simple point-and-click interface  The game's puzzles have logical solutions, although a number of them have far-fetched solutions due to the game's cartoon setting  Depending on the type of in-game entity a player selects using the cursor, the player can have Sam walk around an area, look at and comment on objects, pick up certain items or otherwise try to use them  Sam may also engage in conversation with non-player characters; when this occurs, the game presents a dialog tree with several subjects to pick from  Topics of conversation may directly involve the story or provide assistance with the game's puzzles, while others may be entirely unconnected  In some cases, the player may be able to choose dialog for Max to speak as well The game implements an inventory system to allow Sam to store any items that the player picks up during the course of the game  The player may select any of the items in the inventory and can then attempt to use them on objects in the game world or give them to other characters simply by clicking on the desired target  Unlike Save the World's predecessor, Sam & Max Hit the Road, inventory items are context specific, and cannot be used together or combined to create new items  Typically, Sam carries a gun that may be used to solve several puzzles The characters can travel between a variety of locations in the game using their black and white 1960 DeSoto Adventurer, which, when selected, will present the player with a list of available destinations  The DeSoto is also used for several driving sequences, usually involving pursuing or fleeing criminals in other vehicles  In these driving sequences, the player can use Sam's gun, the car's horn, or have Max attempt to communicate with other vehicles via a megaphone  In addition, special inventory items may be used to complete specific puzzles within these sequences  Driving sequences are also used for several minigames, such as pulling innocent drivers over for fabricated felonies  In keeping with the developer's heritage from the LucasArts adventure games, Sam & Max Save the World is designed so that the player characters cannot die or reach a complete dead-end 

Synopsis
Characters
Sam & Max Save the World is set in a universe that parodies American popular culture, and it follows the title characters of Sam and Max, the Freelance Police, a pair of vigilantes and private investigators  Sam is a level-headed but enthusiastic anthropomorphic dog who wears a blue suit and fedora  He is inquisitive, knowledgeable in obscure areas and tends to prefer the logical solution to problems, but he is not above using force  Max is described as a "hyperkinetic rabbity thing"; cunning, uninhibited and reveling in violence and mischief  His reactions to situations usually incorporate force but often with a seeming disregard for his own personal safety  Together, the Freelance Police operate out of a dilapidated office block in a dangerous neighborhood in New York City where they receive cases over the telephone from an unseen police commissioner There are several supporting characters that consistently appear throughout the episodes 
Bosco is the proprietor of the nearby convenience store and supplies the Freelance Police with a number of items across the game  Driven paranoid by repeated shoplifting, Bosco is obsessed with conspiracies, believing that nearly every US government agency, as well as many criminal outfits, are after him  As such, his store is overwhelmed with security devices and contraptions created by Bosco himself  He regularly attempts to disguise himself as a variety of foreign nationals, but to little effect Further down the neighborhood is Sybil Pandemik, who owns a small office across from Sam and Max  Sybil is unable to keep a consistent job and regularly changes her career choices  Introduced as a psychotherapist, she is noted to have worked as a tattoo artist, software tester, tabloid journalist and professional witness In a hole in Sam and Max's own office resides Jimmy Two-Teeth, a rat who works as a petty criminal, confidence trickster and fence  He profusely dislikes Sam and Max, who he sees as always interfering with his work Other characters include the Soda Poppers, a group of three former child stars from the 1970s  The three, each with their own trademark catch-phrase, first appear as victims of hypnosis in the first episode, later acting as the judges on a Pop Idol parody in the second episode  By the fourth episode, they are elected the governors of the Dakotas and plunge the region into civil war over ownership of Mount Rushmore  Also making sporadic appearances is Hugh Bliss, an eccentric magician and leader of the Prismatology cult, a parody of Scientology  He is often seen attempting to promote his self-help guides based on Prismatology  Sam finds Bliss irritating, while Max almost idolizes him  Minor characters include Agent Superball, a US Secret Service agent with a penchant for guarding doors; Chuckles, the pit manager in a mafia-run casino; Harry Moleman, a police mole who switches sides; and the Computer Obsolescence Prevention Society (COPS), a group of outdated computers attempting to find purpose in the technologically advanced world 

Plot
The game opens with Sam and Max, the Freelance Police, lounging in their office, awaiting a new case after a long hiatus  Eventually, the commissioner sends them out to investigate a group of former child stars, the Soda Poppers, who have been causing trouble in the neighborhood  The Soda Poppers are attempting to promote a self-help video called Eye-Bo, which (when watched) hypnotizes the viewer  After seeking assistance from Sybil to reverse the hypnotism on the Soda Poppers by knocking them unconscious, the Freelance Police learn that the scheme has been devised by one Brady Culture, another former child star who owes his fall from popularity to the rise of the Soda Poppers  Sam and Max and the Soda Poppers confront Culture, who hypnotizes the Soda Poppers again  However, Sam manages to fool Culture into ordering the Soda Poppers to attack himself, subduing the threat  The next case the Freelance Police get involves liberating a studio audience held hostage by a deranged TV talk show host, Myra Stump  At the TV station, Sam and Max deduce that Myra has been hypnotized and, after using other shows in the studio to become celebrities, they convince her to let them become guests on her show  Once on the show, Sam notes a strange toy bear on the host's desk, the source of the hypnotism  Using the studio sound system, Sam electrocutes both Myra and the bear, allowing the audience to leave 
The commissioner then tasks Sam and Max with infiltrating the Toy Mafia, a criminal organisation operating from a casino  The commissioner's mole in the organisation has gone quiet; he wants the Freelance Police to find out what happened to the mole  Sam and Max quickly discover that the Toy Mafia are responsible for the toy bear that hypnotised Myra  As they gain the Mafia's trust, they ascertain that the mole has switched sides and is now leading the outfit  After discovering that the casino is a front for a factory producing the hypnotizing bears for mass distribution, the Freelance Police sabotage the factory and destroy the operation  Soon after, the US President starts bringing in bizarre policies; Max is particularly concerned about the introduction of gun restrictions, while Sam believes the President has been hypnotized  At the White House, Max beheads the President, revealing him to be a mechanical puppet designed to hypnotize the nation through TV broadcasts  The President's bodyguard, none other than the now-fallen Toy Mafia's pit boss, activates a giant robot disguised as the statue at the Lincoln Memorial to run in an emergency election against Max  Sam discredits Lincoln's campaign, resulting in Max winning the presidential election  Lincoln begins a destructive rampage through Washington D C , but is neutralized when Max fires an intercontinental ballistic missile at him The next case given to Sam and Max involves dealing with a computer crisis that is causing the world economy to collapse  They discover the problem is a virtual reality program called Reality 2 0, powered by the Internet (which has gained sentience), which is hypnotizing people so they never want to leave the program  Sam and Max access the program themselves and introduce a computer virus that crashes Reality 2 0 and deletes the digital embodiment of the Internet  Prior to expiring, the Internet reveals that it was following the plans of one Roy G  Biv  Sam eventually deduces that Roy G  Biv is actually Hugh Bliss, a character seemingly in the background of all their previous cases  The Freelance Police travel to Bliss' Prismatology retreat on the Moon, where Bliss is preparing a device to hypnotize the entire planet  Bliss reveals himself as a colony of sentient bacteria that feeds off of the endorphins produced by human happiness; by hypnotizing the planet, Bliss assures himself of a permanent supply of nourishment  Bliss activates the device, but is killed when Sam tricks him into a tank of water and boils it using the rocket engine of a lunar lander  Returning to Earth, Max takes great pleasure in reversing the hypnotism by personally knocking everyone on the planet unconscious 

Episodes
Machinima
For the release of each episode, Telltale Games released three corresponding machinima shorts  These shorts are set between the episodes; fifteen were released in total  The first short, "Frank Discussion", released on November 30, 2006, has Sam and Max share a discussion regarding frankfurters and their preservative properties in Bosco's store  The short was followed on December 7 by "Trainspotting", in which Sam ponders the meaning of life while Max questions the sensibility of being outside, away from the comforts of their office  On December 12, Telltale released "A Painstaking Search": having misplaced the keys to their office, Sam and Max return to Brady Culture's hideout in an attempt to retrace their steps  The first short of 2007, "Reality Blights", was released on January 4 and sees Max volunteer the duo to appear on a reality television show, Four Freaks in a Terribly Cramped Office  "Egregious Philosophy Platter" was released seven days later on January 11 and features Sam and Max as host the hosts of television show Egregious Philosophy Platter, discussing the philosophers Socrates and Descartes  The final short relating to television shows, "Kitchen Consequential", was released on January 18 and follows Sam and Max hosting Fun in the Kitchen With Sam and Max where they showcase a few recipes of special effects "Interrogation" was released after the game's third episode on February 1, in which Sam and Max demonstrate how to properly interrogate a suspect  This was followed by "Coffee" on February 8; in the short, Sam and Max experiment with telekinesis on coffee cups  On February 15, "The Blank Blank Blank" was released, where Sam and Max discuss with Bosco a government agency so secret, the acronym is classified  Following episodes relate to Max's tenure as US president after "Abe Lincoln Must Die!"; "War Games", released on March 1, has Sam and Max engage in military activities from the White House's war room under the pretense that they are mere simulations  It was followed by "The Teapot Drone Scandal" on March 15, in which Max orders a Secret Service agent to recite "I'm a Little Teapot" over the telephone  "Saving the Economy" was released on March 22, showing a broadcast by Max outlining his plans to make the economy more efficient by irrationally extending daylight saving time  On April 5, "Artichoke" was released, in which Max holds a press conference where he is unwisely questioned about his gun control policies  The penultimate short, "Bosco", was released on April 12, and shows Max starting a negative campaign against Bosco for the presidential election, despite the fact that he is not running  "A Fireside Chat", the final episode, was released on April 19, depicting a broadcast by Max to the state of Idaho in the hopes of getting them to vote for him 

Development
Production
Sam & Max Save the World originates from Sam & Max: Freelance Police, a graphic adventure game that was developed by LucasArts from 2002 to 2004  Freelance Police was a sequel to the 1993 title Sam & Max Hit the Road  However, LucasArts ceased production on Freelance Police in March 2004  In the subsequent weeks, LucasArts underwent major restructuring; many of the developers who worked on past LucasArts adventure games were made redundant  Some of the former Freelance Police development team consequently formed Telltale Games in June 2004 to continue developing the sort of adventure games that LucasArts no longer wished to produce  Sam & Max creator Steve Purcell, who described himself as disappointed and frustrated with LucasArts' decision, took the Sam & Max franchise to Telltale after the LucasArts license expired in mid-2005  Telltale Games announced the new series of Sam & Max games in September 2005  Brendan Q  Ferguson, who worked on Freelance Police as a programmer, designer and writer; Dave Grossman, one of the project leaders on Maniac Mansion: Day of the Tentacle; and Purcell primarily led the development of the project Unlike Freelance Police, Save the World was developed in episodic form, with episodes being released in quick succession, to allow for reduced development time between titles and quicker delivery of content to consumers  Telltale launched a website for Sam & Max in November to accompany their new series  The following month, Purcell began publishing a Sam & Max webcomic entitled "The Big Sleep" on the site; the webcomic ran for twelve issues and concluded in April 2007  Purcell won an Eisner Award in 2007 for the webcomic  In March 2006, Telltale acquired US$825,000 in funding from a group of private investors, to help sustain growth until its next round of equity funding Telltale released the game's trailer for the Electronic Entertainment Expo in May 2006, showing the new voice actors for Sam and Max: David Nowlin and William Kasten respectively  However, Andrew Chaikin voiced Max in the first episode, but was unable to continue in the role due to health reasons  While at the convention, Telltale revealed that the first episode was forecast for release towards the end of 2006, via the distribution service GameTap  Telltale announced a release date of October 17 over GameTap in early September, with the note that each episode would be made available from Telltale themselves within fifteen days of release  Development on the first episode was completed on September 25, and from October 10, GameTap began hosting the Sam & Max animated series as promotional material for release  The first episode, "Culture Shock", was released on-time on October 17  The next five episodes were released over short intervals until the series finale in April 2007  The series debuted on Steam on June 15 the same year  Telltale began shipping a special collectors edition of the game in July, while the retail version of the game was published in August  January 2008 saw a significant update to the game, upgrading the game engine and ensuring compatibility with Windows Vista Three months later, Telltale announced a Wii version of the game  Telltale reported that an email campaign and Internet rumors of a port had stirred up interest within the company for producing a Wii version  They redesigned the game's point-and-click interface to accommodate the Wii Remote, the primary controller for the console  The game was initially forecast for release in North America on October 7, 2008, but was released a week later on October 14  The European version was published later in December In February 2009, Telltale Games renamed the game from its initial release title of Sam & Max: Season One to Sam & Max Save the World  Telltale's public relations spokeswoman, Emily Morganti, explained that while Season One was thought to communicate the game's episodic nature to potential consumers, the company felt that it was nondescript in relation to the game's story  The message accompanied the announcement of an Xbox Live Arcade version of the game, which had been subject to media speculation since February 2007  Both Windows and Wii versions of the game were republished using the new title 

Design
According to Dave Grossman, the objective for Telltale Games with Sam & Max Save the World was to create a game with a "lot of story and character in it"  Grossman explained that the Sam & Max franchise was therefore most ideally suited to the graphic adventure genre; while action was thought to be possible with the source material, it "would be kind of wrong"  Still, designers decided to introduce action moments such as car chase scenes, wanting players to "feel like [they] are these crazy Freelance Police officers" and "just be involved in all this sort of mayhem" presented in the original comic strips   Like in previous Sam & Max games, Sam & Max Save the World used a point-and-click gameplay system, itself a variation of the control scheme used by Telltale in their preceding adventure game series, Bone; the action sequences implemented in the game still maintained the point-and-click interface Very little of the design from Freelance Police was carried over into Save the World; LucasArts still held onto the assets created for use in Freelance Police, and Telltale was wary of using similar design patterns  While Ferguson and Purcell had both been involved with the canceled LucasArts project, Grossman had not  The team decided to just start from fresh, and pursue a different treatment of the game's subject  Purcell himself wanted to ensure that the game conveyed the "gritty" feel of the original comics—something he felt was lacking from the LucasArts renditions of the franchise  Grossman stated that "we wanted to get a little bit more of that dirt on the streets, and the paper cups and people being mean and nasty"  This "gritty" feeling also influenced artistic design  For instance, on Purcell's suggestion, the sky was changed from blue to yellow in the street outside Sam and Max's office, instantly making the environment feel "filthy and disgusting" 

Audio
Bay Area Sound, a company set up by Clint Bajakian, who had worked extensively on composition and sound production on LucasArts games since 1994, produced the soundtrack  The Save the World soundtrack was composed by Jared Emerson-Johnson, Bajakian's former protégé, whose previous work included composition and sound editing for LucasArts  Emerson-Johnson's scores used live performances as opposed to synthesized music often used elsewhere in the video games industry; a small team of five musicians, including Emerson-Johnson and a recording engineer, produced the soundtrack  The score is primarily grounded in film noir jazz, inspired by the work of Henry Mancini and Charles Mingus  However, Emerson-Johnson noted that as the Sam & Max universe is "open-ended", he had the chance to explore into other musical genres in some episodes, such as "a song-and-dance Charleston number, faux Philip Glass, an ode to Nina Rota's music from The Godfather, and even some inspired retro 8-bit game music"  Several songs were incorporated into the soundtrack, performed by Emerson-Johnson or Peter Barto, the voice actor for Agent Superball  Purcell later commented that Emerson-Johnson had seamlessly blended a "huge palette of genres and styles", while Ferguson stated that he believed that it was Emerson-Johnson's scores that created the vital atmosphere in the games, noting that prior to the implementation of the music, playing the games was an "unrelenting horror"  The soundtrack to Sam & Max Save the World was published in July 2007 

Reception
Sam & Max Save the World received positive critical reaction from reviewers  Aggregate review scores on GameRankings and Metacritic rank the fifth episode, "Reality 2 0", as the critical favorite, while the third episode, "The Mole, the Mob, and the Meatball" received the lowest scores  The entire season holds a score of 88 percent on GameRankings  In addition to receiving several editor choice awards, the game has been recipient to publisher awards for the best adventure game of 2006  As Telltale Games had managed to release a steady stream content with only small time gaps, journalists in the video game industry had considered Sam & Max Save the World to be the first successful application of episodic gaming  Previous unsuccessful implementations of the distribution model included attempts by Valve with the Half-Life series, Ritual Entertainment with SiN Episodes and Telltale themselves with Bone The debut episode, "Culture Shock", was recipient to a mostly optimistic response from critics  The episode was thought to adequately follow 1993's Sam & Max Hit the Road, with the introduction of the new 3D engine and gameplay being positively received  Criticisms of "Culture Shock" focused on the story; while the humor in the writing was praised, the plot was seen as a "thin excuse for the jokes" and the episode's primary antagonist was described by IGN's Steve Butts as "a bit of a letdown"  The second episode, "Situation: Comedy", was thought to produce a better antagonist than "Culture Shock", with the puzzles linking in well to the story  However, critics described the puzzles as too easy, and expressed disappointment at the reuse of lines from the first episode  The next episode, "The Mole, the Mob, and the Meatball", was the lowest rated episode amongst reviewers  Although the episode received compliments for its dialogue and humor, it was criticised for its easy puzzles and short length The fourth episode, "Abe Lincoln Must Die!", was held by critics to be one of the series' best episodes  The episode's story of political satire was subject to praise, whilst the increased length was also appreciated  Puzzles were felt to be more difficult and satisfying to solve  Detractors of the episode, however, felt that the episode suffered from the need to constantly move between locations and from the reuse of old characters and locations  "Reality 2 0", the fifth episode, was the critical favorite of the series  The game's puzzles were cited as stronger than in "Abe Lincoln Must Die!", with a fitting tribute to text adventure games towards the end  However, the script was thought to be inferior to the preceding episode  The season finale "Bright Side of the Moon" received a more reserved response than the two previous episodes, with criticisms directed at the length of the game and the depth of character interaction  Nevertheless, reviewers felt that the episode had reasonable puzzle design and that it was a respectable end to the series Critics gave positive reviews towards the overall gameplay mechanics, although they often presented some reservations  Several reviews praised the simplicity of the game interface  Andre Thomas of GamePlasma described the game's learning curve as "incredibly simple" and the gameplay mechanics as logical extension of those from the adventure games of the 1990s, while GamingTrend reviewer Ron Burke praised Telltale's "intuitive" point-and-click system  Mark Smith of Game Chronicles, however, stated that the streamlined mechanics eliminated "a lot of the exploration and discovery we normally associate with these types of games"  Some reviews directed criticism towards puzzle design; according to Smith, the game is "certainly accessible to kids and younger teens", but the adult audience "will find these games way too easy"  Reviewing for Adventure Gamers, Evan Dickens felt that the puzzles took "a bit of thought and consideration, but never to a point of consternation", believing that the low difficulty was intended by Telltale to allow players to "proceed through the story with minimum frustration"  Hyper's Tim Henderson commends the game for being "highly accessible [and] almost as funny as the original", but criticises it for its episodic content being a "tease" In relation to the story and writing, critics felt that the overall plot was ineffectual  Al Giovetti of JustAdventure felt the plot was lacking, while Burke considered the episodic nature to be detrimental to maintaining plot cohesion between the episodes, a point with which Dickens agreed  Despite this, several reviewers thought that the individual episode stories and the presentation and development of the characters were good  Reviewers considered the writing for each episode as one of the best features of the game; they also praised the level of humor in the game, although Dickens felt that it was not until the fourth episode that the writing properly established itself  In addition, they directed some skepticism towards the reuse of scenes and characters, with critical opinion divided on the degree of success in this regard  A point of contention rose between British and American reviewers over the story and setting, exemplified in PC Gamer; whilst positive towards the first and fourth episodes, the British edition of the magazine felt this repetition was a severe failing of Save the World, and that the writing did not work well  In contrast, the American edition rated each episode highly, stating that the quality of the series was "excellent" Critics commended Sam & Max Save the World's graphics and art direction; Dickens commented that "the cartoonish, absurdist nature of Steve Purcell's characters is captured perfectly" within an "enthusiastically colorful world that is at its best the stranger it gets", while GameZone reviewer Anise Hollingshead praised Telltale for successfully upgrading the characters' graphics "without losing any of their cartoon appeal"  Kristen Reed, writing for Eurogamer, felt that the graphics reflected a "great degree of care and attention to everything from the locations to the standard of character modelling and animation"  They also praised the game for its sound, voice acting and music  In a review for The Entertainment Depot, Tim McGowan complimented Emerson-Johnson's soundtrack as "being quite excellent and listenable on its own", and IGN's Alex Van Zelfdendate described it as a "breath of fresh air"  In contrast, PC Gamer UK's Alec Meer felt that the opening theme tune was "so busy trying to hint at [the theme for Sam & Max Hit the Road] that it forgets to have a memorable melody of its own"  Nowlin and Kasten's voicework also received a positive response The Wii version of the game garnered a more reserved view from critics than the PC version; GameRankings and Metacritic gave aggregate review scores of 75 percent and 74 percent, respectively  For better or worse, reviewers felt that the game had not changed much from the PC version in terms of gameplay, story or overall content  While Sam & Max was thought to be a "perfect, naturally cartoony fit for the Wii", the critics noted a number of technical issues with the release  Several critics cited minor issues with using the imprecise Wii Remote for puzzles requiring accuracy, while observations were made that lines of dialogue could be cut short and that the frame rate could slow significantly, especially in action sequences 

Remastered
Sam & Max Save the World Remastered was developed by Skunkape Games, a studio founded by Telltale co-founder Dan Connors and made up of original development team members Jake Rodkin, Jonathan Sgro, and Randy Tudor; the studio is named in reference to General Skun-ka'pe, a character from Sam & Max: The Devil's Playhouse  Following the closure of Telltale Games in 2018, Skunkape acquired the rights to Sam & Max and retrieved the game's original assets and source code  While the team originally planned to simply update the existing games with a software patch to improve compatibility with newer PCs, the original material's age proved difficult to work with in many regards, leading to the decision to fully remaster Save the World instead  The team consulted with Purcell on the remaster, who contributed additional artwork  Several members of the original development team outside of Skunkape also contributed to the remastering effort, including locating original assets that could not be retrieved from Telltale's archives  The Remastered release runs on the most recent version of the Telltale Tool and features updated character models and lighting, controller support, and new music by original composer Jared Emerson-Johnson  Other changes made include updated cutscene cinematography and re-recorded dialogue for Bosco, with Ogie Banks replacing previous actor Joey Camen  Save the World Remastered was released on Nintendo Switch and Windows on December 2, 2020; on Xbox One on August 10, 2021; and on PlayStation 4 on September 29, 2022  The original Save the World episodes were later released as free downloadable content for the Steam version of Remastered in February 2021  Following Save the World, Skunkape began work on remasters for the other Telltale Sam & Max games, with Beyond Time and Space released in December 2021 and The Devil's Playhouse planned for 2023 

Notes
External links
Official website at the Wayback Machine (archived June 18, 2018)
Official website (Remastered)
Passage 3:
Luther: The Calling
Luther: The Calling by Neil Cross is a tie-in novel based on the BBC crime drama Luther  Two further Luther novels were anticipated, but have not appeared 

Summary
The novel introduces the character of Detective Chief Inspector (DCI) John Luther  The novel is a prequel to the television series and focuses on the traumatic case involving a child killer named Henry Madsen  The novel expands on and explains several elements of the TV series, such as the breakup of the Luthers' marriage, and the corruption of DCI Ian Reed  The final events in the book mirror those portrayed at the start of Series 1 of the television series, which aired 15 months prior to the novel's release 

Reception
Sue Turnbull of The Age describes the book as providing "some clever but uncomfortable reading"  She concludes by comparing the novel to the television series stating "What this book offers is bleaker, more confronting and, well, terrifying  Be prepared"  John O'Connell from The Guardian summarised the novel by stating "the key murders in The Calling are so repulsive and their perpetrator so plausible that at times I had to force myself to keep reading  But I'm glad I did " Rob Farquhar of the Carins Post commended Neil Cross on the creation of DCI John Luther describing Luther as a man "possessed of brilliance and by an animal ferocity that he keeps from all but the monsters he seeks out"  He concluded by stating fans of the "TV series will love this" In 2012, Luther: The Calling won the Ngaio Marsh Award for Best Crime Novel 

See also
Luther (TV series)
List of Luther characters
List of Luther episodes
Passage 4:
Warren Brown (actor)
Warren Martin Brown (born 11 May 1978) is an English actor, best known for his roles as Donny Maguire in Shameless and Andy Holt in Hollyoaks, DS Justin Ripley in the BBC crime drama Luther and as Sergeant Thomas "Mac" McAllister in the British-American action television series Strike Back, starting with Strike Back: Retribution 

Early life
Warren Brown was born in Warrington, England  He studied at the University of Salford 

Career
After appearing in two episodes of the television series Shameless, Warren played the evil Andy Holt in Channel 4's  Hollyoaks  Despite being 27 years old at the time, it was said his youthful good looks and diminutive height helped him win the role of the student 
Brown was nominated for a number of awards for his performance in the show including Best Villain, Most Spectacular Scene and Best Exit at the 2006 British Soap Awards  Brown's character Holt met his demise in February 2006 
Brown won a role in the short-lived ITV show Jane Hall in the summer of 2006  This was followed in March 2007 by his role as Tommo in ITV's Mobile  Also in 2007 he starred as Chris in one episode of Casualty  In September 2007 he starred in the second series of BBC Three's Grownups, playing barman Alex Salade and has played the part since  In the 2009 Comic Relief Special of Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps, which was a crossover between Grownups, Two Pints and Coming of Age, he played Alex again 
In 2008, Brown performed the voiceover for the film trailer of Gomez: A True Story, based on the life of boxer Michael Gomez and starring Emmerdale's Kelvin Fletcher  In October 2008, Brown played the role of Marky in E4's zombie drama Dead Set  In November 2008, he appeared in Casualty, but not playing the same character as he did in 2007  In 2009 Brown appeared in the three part BBC Iraq war drama Occupation, alongside James Nesbitt and Stephen Graham Brown has appeared in two episodes of The Bill playing Jake Clegg, who was a part of the operation of trafficking young girls illegally  These episodes were titled "The Forgotten Child" 
From May 2010, he appeared as the regular character of DS Justin Ripley in the BBC drama Luther, a role that he reprised in June 2011 in the second series of Luther  Brown left the series in 2013 
Brown appears in the deadmau5 music video for the song "I Remember", also starring Stephen Graham, Aston Kelly (Graham's brother), Greg Walsh and ex-Coronation Street actress Emma Edmondson  In October 2010, Brown appeared as Matt in the BBC drama Single Father  In February 2012, he played one of the main characters in the BBC drama series Inside Men  He appeared as a member of Bane's Mercenary Security in The Dark Knight Rises, the third instalment of Christopher Nolan's Batman trilogy 
First broadcast in August 2012, Brown starred as PC John-Paul Rocksavage in the four-part BBC police drama Good Cop 
From 2017, he plays Sergeant Thomas "Mac" McAllister in Retribution,  the British-American action television series, in the sixth series and second revamp of Strike Back opposite Daniel MacPherson   The eighth series finished filming and aired in February 2020 
Brown has appeared in many audio dramas for the company Big Finish Productions, the most notable of which including a recurring role in their UNIT series, a spin-off based around the military organisation that regularly appeared in Doctor Who, since 2016, and playing Keith Burrow in Big Finish's original eight-part thriller Transference  In 2020, Brown would make his debut appearance in the television series, in the episode "Praxeus", albeit as a different character, former police officer Jake Willys, who was looking for his husband 
In 2023, Brown featured as a main cast member in BBC One drama Ten Pound Poms  For his portrayal of Terry Roberts, he was awarded the Best Actor trophy in the Fiction portion of the Golden Nymph Awards at the Monte-Carlo Television Festival 

Boxing
Brown has competed at world-level in Muay Thai (Thai kickboxing) and is a two-time World Champion 

Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Passage 5:
Pramface
Pramface is a British sitcom starring Scarlett Alice Johnson and Sean Michael Verey  Written by Chris Reddy, the first series, comprising six half-hour episodes, piloted on 23 February 2012  The second series, which was commissioned by the BBC before the first series had even aired, began transmission on 8 January 2013 with an hour-long special as the first episode  The remaining six episodes of the series were of the usual half-hour length  A third series was commissioned which began airing on 25 February 2014 with the double episode series finale, which aired on 25 March 2014, bringing the third series to a total of six half-hour episodes  It was confirmed in August 2014 that a fourth series will not be commissioned 

Plot
Best friends Jamie, Mike, and Beth finish their GCSE exams and head towards a sixth form party  Meanwhile, 18-year-old Laura, encouraged by her best friend Danielle, breaks her parents' curfew and heads to the same party; both Jamie and Laura are determined to have a good time  During the party they meet and drunkenly have sex  The next morning Jamie writes Laura a note with his phone number on it and leaves  Some few weeks later, Laura discovers that she is pregnant, and that Jamie is only 16  Life is about to begin, but not in the way either of them expected Series 1 follows the life of the two teenagers and their family and friends as they try to get to grips with the impending parenthood and the struggles of pregnancy  Series 2 follows the next stage, caring for the newly born baby, Emily, while Laura faces the difficulties associated with being a new mother  Series 3 follows Jamie encountering a new woman in his life and how that affects his relationship with the mother of his child 

Production
Filming
The show was filmed in and around Edinburgh, Scotland, with specific locations including amongst others The Grange suburb and the Corstorphine parish church 

Cast
Scarlett Alice Johnson as Laura Derbyshire
Sean Michael Verey as Jamie Prince
Dylan Edwards as Mike Fenton
Yasmin Paige as Beth Mitchell
Emer Kenny as Danielle Reeves
Ben Crompton as Keith Prince
Bronagh Gallagher as Sandra Prince
Angus Deayton as Alan Derbyshire
Anna Chancellor as Janet Derbyshire

Episodes
Series overview
Series 1 (2012)
Series 2 (2013)
Series 3 (2014)
International broadcast
Australia – Season 1 premiered in Australia on 3 January 2013 on ABC2 
 Netherlands – All three seasons have been picked up by Netflix in the Netherlands 
 United States – All three seasons of the show have been picked up by Hulu in the United States 

Online
In addition to episode preview clips and character information on the BBC website, the writer and stars wrote blog posts about making the show for the BBC TV Blog and BBC Three Blog  An official Facebook page was set up for fans although this has since been closed and one of the main characters, Mike Fenton, was given his own Twitter account where he commented in-character on the events of the episodes as well as other things going on in the real world at the time 
Passage 6:
Luther (TV series)
Luther is a British psychological crime thriller television series starring Idris Elba as DCI John Luther and Ruth Wilson as Alice Morgan, written by Neil Cross  The detective Luther must make cases against criminals while the murderer Morgan has a complicated relationship with him  The first series is composed of six episodes which ran in May and June 2010  A second series of four episodes aired on BBC One in June and July 2011, and a third was commissioned in 2012 composed of four episodes which aired in July 2013  A two-episode fourth series was broadcast in December 2015, and a fifth series of four episodes premiered on 1 January 2019  BBC Studios handled distribution for the TV series A feature film continuation, Luther: The Fallen Sun, was released in select cinemas on 24 February 2023, before its streaming release on 10 March 2023, by Netflix  Starring Elba, Andy Serkis and Cynthia Erivo, the film was written by Cross 
Elba has been awarded a Critics' Choice Television Award, Golden Globe Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance as John Luther  The series has also received eleven Primetime Emmy Award nominations in various categories, including four nominations of Elba for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie 

Plot
John Luther is a Detective Chief Inspector (DCI) working for the Serious Crime Unit in series one, and the new "Serious and Serial" unit from series two  A dedicated police officer, Luther is obsessive, possessed, and sometimes violent  However, Luther has paid a heavy price for his dedication; he has never been able to prevent himself from being consumed by the darkness of the crimes with which he deals 
For Luther, the job always comes first  His dedication is a curse and a blessing, both for him and those close to him  In the very first episode of the series, he investigates brilliant psychopath and murderer Alice Morgan  Ultimately, he is unable to arrest her due to lack of evidence, but as the series progresses, she becomes both his nemesis and unlikely companion  As she pursues her infatuation with him, he gradually relents as he is able to glean insight from her about some of the cunning criminals he pursues  After Alice helps Luther avenge the death of his estranged wife Zoe, Luther aids her escape from a secure facility and she flees the country  In Alice's absence, Luther's life is dominated by his police work once again, culminating in the murder of his partner and protégé Justin Ripley in the third series  Alice reappears following Ripley's death, and finally convinces Luther to leave London with her 
When the fourth series begins, Luther is living a reclusive life on the English coast  After learning of Alice's apparent death in mysterious circumstances, he is persuaded to return to London and resume his role as a DCI  It ultimately transpires that Alice faked her own death after her life with Luther did not match their expectations  Two years later she returns to extort money from organised crime boss George Cornelius, who sabotaged her previous diamond exchange  Embroiled in her schemes again, Luther's relationship with Alice heads towards its destructive climax 

Cast and characters
Episodes
Series 1 (2010)
The first series of Luther aired in 2010 and received positive reviews from critics, getting an average of 5 9 million viewers per episode 

Series 2 (2011)
In August 2010, the BBC announced that it had commissioned a second series for 2011  Filming started in late September/early October 2010  Originally planned to be broadcast as two two-hour episodes, it was shown as four one-hour episodes  The first episode was shown on BBC One on 14 June 2011 

Series 3 (2013)
In August 2011, the BBC One controller announced that a third series had been commissioned Filming of the four-episode series started in November 2012  Sienna Guillory was cast as Luther's new love interest  Other guest stars included Lucian Msamati and Ned Dennehy  The third series began airing on 2 July 2013 and concluded on 23 July 

Series 4 (2015)
On 19 November 2014, it was announced that a two-episode special would be aired on the BBC in 2015  Filming began in March 2015 and ended April 2015  BBC Home Entertainment later confirmed that the Region 1 version of the Series 4 DVD would be released on 15 December 2015, coinciding with the air date of the fourth series  On 24 October 2015, BBC One confirmed via their Facebook page that series 4 of Luther would air in December 2015 on BBC One In November 2015, it was announced that Luther was confirmed to air in the United States on BBC America for a three-hour one-night event on 17 December 2015 The first episode of the fourth series aired on BBC One on 15 December 2015 

Series 5 (2019)
The BBC announced a fifth series composed of four episodes on 12 June 2017  Filming started in early 2018  Ruth Wilson was confirmed to be returning as Alice Morgan for series five  Series 5 directed by Jamie Payne premiered on 1 January 2019, and was broadcast over consecutive nights through to 4 January 

Film (2023)
In September 2021, Netflix announced a feature film continuation of Luther with Elba reprising his role and Cross writing  Andy Serkis and Cynthia Erivo also joined the cast  The film, Luther: The Fallen Sun, was released in select cinemas on 24 February 2023, before its streaming release on 10 March 2023, by Netflix 

Production
Creator Neil Cross has said that Luther is influenced by both Sherlock Holmes and Columbo; the nature of Luther's intellect and its application to solving crimes is comparable to Holmes's, whereas the show's use of the inverted detective format was inspired by Columbo The first series was filmed in and around London, England, and produced by BBC Drama Productions  Brian Kirk, Sam Miller and Stefan Schwartz each directed two episodes and show creator Neil Cross wrote all six of the episodes  Leila Kirkpatrick was the line producer for the entire program and Katie Swinden was the producer for a number of episodes  Tim Fleming provided cinematography for two episodes  Katie Weiland and Victoria Boydell were involved in film editing, with Weiland editing two episodes  Andy Morgan was responsible for all casting, Paul Cross provided production design and Adam A  Makin was behind the show's art direction The show is filmed in various locations around Central, North, West and East London including the Barbican Estate, Elephant and Castle, Westfield Shopping Centre (Shepherd's Bush), Renaissance Hotel (Heathrow Airport), Ealing Hospital, Cranbrook Estate (Bethnal Green), Victoria Park, Waterloo station, Holloway, Shoreditch and the Docklands 

Critical reception
Series one was met with positive reviews, according to aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes, where it holds a 91% approval rating, based on 23 reviews  The site's consensus reads: "Gritty and ambiguous, Luther is a captivating drama bolstered by a powerhouse performance from Idris Elba in the title role " It holds a Metacritic score of 82 out of 100, based on 11 collected reviews, indicating "universal acclaim"  However, The Guardian's Stuart Heritage was initially critical of the show, and compared it to the American series FlashForward, in that both series arrived with a large amount of hype but delivered an anticlimactic end product  However, by the fifth episode, Heritage had changed his views and called it Idris Elba's best work since The Wire The show's second series was met with equally positive reviews and holds a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 13 reviews  The site's consensus reads: "Luther delves into darker territory in its second series, and Idris Elba's outstanding performance makes this a police procedural of uncommon weight and heft " It holds a Metacritic score of 78 out of 100, based on 9 collected reviews, indicating "Generally favorable reviews " Variety and The Hollywood Reporter admiringly highlighted the darker tone, Elba's performance, and the production  In the third quarter of 2011, the top-rated shows on BBC America were Doctor Who, Top Gear, and Luther, which together gained the network its highest quarterly ratings ever Series three was again met with positive reviews and holds an 88% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 25 reviews  The site's consensus reads: "Idris Elba shines in the title role of Luther despite familiar circumstances that benefit from the shortened season " It holds a Metacritic score of 76 out of 100, based on 19 collected reviews, indicating "Generally favorable reviews" Series four received positive reviews, with a 79% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 14 reviews  The site's consensus reads: "Idris Elba remains the best thing about Luther in an all-too-brief season which packs a lot of plot into a short time frame " It holds a Metacritic score of 68 out of 100, based on 11 reviews, indicating "Generally favorable reviews" After a four-year hiatus, the Series five broadcast in 2019 met with positive reviews, garnering an 85% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 40 reviews  The site's consensus reads: "Luther returns in fine form from its extended exodus with a grisly mystery and the welcome reappearance of Ruth Wilson's psychotic villain, Alice Morgan "

Broadcast outside of the United Kingdom
The first series of the show premiered in Australia on ABC1 on 15 October 2010 and in the United States on BBC America two days later  The second series debuted in the United States on BBC America on 29 September 2011 and Australia on ABC1 on 24 February 2012  The third series ran in the United States on BBC America on four consecutive nights beginning 3 September 2013  The fifth series premiered in the United States on BBC America on 2 June 2019 
The deal also includes the network to show the first six seasons of another series produced by the BBC, Death in Paradise, airing on Thursdays at 7 pm and airing on Fridays at 8 am ET part of the "Morning Mysteries" morning mystery crime drama block 

Soundtrack
Paul Englishby composed Luther's soundtrack  He incorporated many pop and rock songs into the soundtrack, using these generally in the end credits  A CD titled Luther – Songs and Score From Series 1, 2 and 3 was released on 19 August 2013 and contains many of the themes and songs used in the television series  The opening theme song is a shorter version of "Paradise Circus" by Massive Attack from the album Heligoland (2010) with vocals provided by Hope Sandoval 

Awards and nominations
Adaptations
American version
In 2014, Fox started developing an American TV series version of Luther, with Cross writing and executive producing the series, and Elba, Peter Chernin (of the Chernin company), Katherine Pope, and BBC Worldwide Prods' Jane Tranter and Julie Gardner as executive producers  The project was helmed by 20th Century Fox TV, Chernin Entertainment, and BBC Worldwide Prods  The project was formally dropped in 2017 

Russian version
In 2014, Channel One Russia was developing a Russian TV series version of Luther, with Konstantin Lavronenko, starring as Klim  The series was first broadcast on 31 January 2016 

Korean version
On 5 February 2018, South Korean TV network Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) announced that it will broadcast a Korean version of Luther  The adaptation will be broadcast in November 2018 and is produced by the MBC Drama Production Group  In August 2018, Shin Ha-kyun was cast as male lead The series title was changed later into Less Than Evil (나쁜 형사, lit  "Bad Detective")  It aired on MBC on 3 December 2018 

Indian version
Indian actor Ajay Devgan announced that he'll be starring in the Indian adaptation of Luther, titled Rudra: The Edge Of Darkness  The first season of the series premiered on 4 March 2022 on Disney+ Hotstar 

French version
The French television channel TF1 has ordered a remake of the British television series which is filmed in the city of Paris and its suburbs  The first episode of the French version gained 4 8 million viewers 

Novel
In August 2011, Cross released a tie-in prequel novel Luther: The Calling following the broadcast of the second season  Two further novels were ordered, but were never released 
Passage 7:
Fear the Walking Dead (season 1)
The first season of Fear the Walking Dead, an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on August 23, 2015, and concluded on October 4, 2015, consisting of six episodes  The series is a companion series and prequel to The Walking Dead, which is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard  It was executive produced by Kirkman, David Alpert, Greg Nicotero, Gale Anne Hurd, and Dave Erickson, with Erickson assuming the role of showrunner  On March 9, 2015, AMC announced it had ordered Fear the Walking Dead to series, with a two-season commitment  The second season, comprising 15 episodes, premiered on April 10, 2016 The season follows a dysfunctional, blended family composed of Madison Clark (Kim Dickens), her fiancé Travis Manawa (Cliff Curtis), her daughter Alicia (Alycia Debnam-Carey), her drug-addicted son Nick (Frank Dillane) and Travis' son Chris (Lorenzo James Henrie) from a previous marriage to Liza Ortiz (Elizabeth Rodriguez)  At the onset of the zombie apocalypse, their group is joined by Daniel Salazar (Rubén Blades), his wife Griselda (Patricia Reyes Spíndola), and their daughter Ofelia (Mercedes Mason)  The families navigate through Los Angeles in search of a safe haven 

Production
Development
In September 2013, AMC announced they were developing a companion series to The Walking Dead, which follows a different set of characters created by Robert Kirkman  In September 2014, AMC ordered a pilot, which was written by Kirkman and Dave Erickson, and directed by Adam Davidson, and is executive produced by Kirkman, Erickson, Gale Anne Hurd, and David Alpert, with Erickson serving as showrunner  The project was originally known as Cobalt 

Casting
In December 2014, the first four starring roles were cast: Kim Dickens as Madison, the female lead; Cliff Curtis as Travis Manawa, the male lead; Frank Dillane as Nick; and Alycia Debnam-Carey as Alicia  In April and May, 2015, Elizabeth Rodriguez and Mercedes Mason were announced as series regulars, both in unknown roles 

Filming
Production of the pilot episode began in early 2015 and ended on February 6, 2015  The pilot episode was filmed in Los Angeles; the remaining first-season episodes were filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada  Production on the remaining five first-season episodes began on May 11, 2015  Adam Davidson, who directed the pilot, also directed the series' second and third episodes 

Cast
Main cast
The first season features eight actors receiving main cast billing status:

Kim Dickens as Madison Clark: An intelligent and domineering high school guidance counselor, the mother of Nick and Alicia, and Travis' fiancée 
Cliff Curtis as Travis Manawa: A resolute and peacekeeping high school teacher, Madison's fiancé, Chris' father, and Liza's ex-husband 
Frank Dillane as Nick Clark: A brave and selfless recovering heroin addict, Madison's son, and Alicia's brother 
Alycia Debnam-Carey as Alicia Clark: The fiery yet compassionate daughter of Madison, and the sister of Nick 
Elizabeth Rodriguez as Liza Ortiz: A no-nonsense and caring nursing student, Travis' ex-wife, and Chris' mother 
Mercedes Mason as Ofelia Salazar: The strong-willed and very capable daughter of Daniel and his wife Griselda 
Lorenzo James Henrie as Chris Manawa: Travis and Liza's rebellious teenage son, who becomes more brutal due to the landscape of the deadly new world 
Rubén Blades as Daniel Salazar: A courageous and practical former Sombra Negra member, a barber, Griselda's husband, and Ofelia's father 

Supporting cast
Patricia Reyes Spíndola as Griselda Salazar: Ofelia's mother, who emigrated from El Salvador with her husband Daniel to escape political unrest 
Scott Lawrence as Art "Artie" Costa: The principal at the high school where Madison and Travis work 
Lincoln A  Castellanos as Tobias: A wise-beyond-his-years high school senior 
Maestro Harrell as Matt Sale: Alicia's boyfriend 
Shawn Hatosy as Cpl  Andrew Adams: A well-intentioned military man with a soulful disposition, who is out of his element 
Jamie McShane as Lt  Moyers: The leader of the National Guard contingent in charge of protecting Madison's neighborhood  He does not take the complaints of the citizens too seriously and is a loose cannon 
Sandrine Holt as Dr  Bethany Exner: A confident and skilled doctor 
Colman Domingo as Victor Strand: A smart and sophisticated businessman with a mysterious past 

Guest cast
Keith Powers as Calvin: Nick's best friend and drug dealer 
Leon Thomas III as Russell: One of Travis' students before the outbreak 

Episodes
Reception
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 76%, based on 63 reviews, whose average rating is 6 75/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "Fear the Walking Dead recycles elements of its predecessor, but it's still moody and engrossing enough to compete with the original " On Metacritic, the season has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Elisabeth Vincentelli of the New York Post rated the first two episodes three out of four stars, stating that "[They] are creepily suspenseful–they're great examples of how effective a slow pace and a moody atmosphere can be " Another positive review of the first episode came from Ken Tucker of Yahoo TV, who wrote, "Fear the Walking Dead is a mood piece, more artful than the original series" and that the cast is "terrific"  Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter gave an average review, writing, "The 90-minute first episode and the hour-long second episode are, while not actually boring, certainly less magnetic than the original "One of the harshest negative reviews came from HitFix, on Daniel Fienberg and Alan Sepinwall's podcast, where Fienberg called the premiere episode "awful, just horrible     as bad as The Walking Dead has ever gotten at its very worst  This is that bad  I've been kind of stunned to see people being generous to it      I thought this was almost unwatchably bad " Sepinwall called his B− review "slightly generous" 

Ratings
The U S  series premiere attracted 10 1 million total viewers, with 6 3 million in the advertiser-coveted 18-to-49-year-old demographic, both cable television records for a series premiere  Numerous international debuts of the pilot also set ratings records  The first season averaged 11 2 million viewers in "live plus-3" ratings (includes VOD and DVR viewing within three days after initial telecast) to become the highest-rated first season of any series in cable history 

Home media
The first season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on December 1, 2015  A special edition version of the first season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 22, 2016, with new bonus features, including deleted scenes, seven featurettes, and audio commentaries by cast and crew, on all six episodes 
Passage 8:
NCS: Manhunt
NCS: Manhunt is a British television crime drama series, starring David Suchet, and based on the National Crime Squad  Created by Malcolm McKay, the series premiered with a two-part pilot episode on BBC One on 26 March 2001  A full series of six episodes debuted on 4 March 2002, and concluded on 19 March 2002  Despite the series' popularity, and strong viewing figures, a second series was never commissioned  Notably, neither the pilot nor the complete series have ever been issued on DVD, although the series was repeated in its entirety on Forces TV in 2016  The series notably starred Michael Fassbender in one of his earliest television roles, after appearing in Band of Brothers the previous year  Kenneth Cranham and Phyllis Logan also co-starred in the pilot episode David Suchet said of his role in the series, "I don't ever recollect reading a script like this and I've certainly never seen anything like it on television before  When I read it, I was mesmerised  It was quite impossible to say no  Borne is probably the most complex character in the team  He is a man who fascinates by being endlessly enigmatic  He uses language sparingly, but with him everything is going on underneath the surface  And in a sense, I'm not playing another detective at all  I'm merely playing a different, complex human being who just happens to be a detective  You may find him in a police station, but I'd like to think that the audience are aching to see him too "

Cast
Regular cast
David Suchet as Detective Inspector John Borne
Keith Barron as Detective Superintendent Bob Beausoleil
Samantha Bond as Detective Sergeant Maureen Picasso
Melanie Hill as Detective Sergeant Ruby Sparks
Jonathan Phillips as Detective Sergeant Peter Moon
Gerard Horan as Detective Constable Charlie Spanish
Sara Stewart as Detective Constable Mary D'Eye
Jenny Jules as Detective Constable Karen Bogard-Black
Ace Bhatti as Detective Constable Johnny Khan
Paul McKay as Detective Constable Chrissie Crowe
Guy Scantlebury as Detective Constable Eddie Guerin (Pilot and episodes 1 and 2)
Michael Fassbender as Detective Constable Jack Silver (Episodes 3–6)

Supporting cast
Malcolm Tierney as Superintendent Charlie Vanne (Pilot)
Phyllis Logan as Inspector Anne Warwick (Pilot)
Kenneth Cranham as Ricky Valesi (Pilot)
Steven Berkoff as George Rolf (Episodes 1 and 2)
Anita Dobson as Jean Harris (Episodes 1 and 2)
Zawe Ashton as Mia Davis (Episodes 1 and 2)
Ralph Brown as Ray Du Barriatte (Episodes 1, 2 and 6)
Daniel Mays as Danny Bird (Episodes 1 and 2)
Nicky Henson as Vincent Fairey (Episodes 3 and 4)
Michael McKell as Lee Wilde (Episodes 3 and 4)
Steve Speirs as Benny Luck (Episode 6)

Episodes
Pilot (2001)
Series (2002)
Passage 9:
The Frankenstein Chronicles
The Frankenstein Chronicles is a British television period crime drama series that first aired on ITV Encore on 11 November 2015, designed as a re-imagining of Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus  Lead actor Sean Bean also acted as an associate producer on the first series  It follows Inspector John Marlott (Bean), a river police officer who uncovers a corpse made up of body parts from eight missing children and sets about to determine who is responsible 
The series co-stars Richie Campbell as Joseph Nightingale, Robbie Gee as Billy Oates, Tom Ward as Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel, Ed Stoppard as Lord Daniel Hervey, Vanessa Kirby as Lady Jemima (Lord Hervey's sister), and Anna Maxwell Martin as author Mary Shelley  Other historical characters portrayed include William Blake (first series), Ada Lovelace (second series) and Charles Dickens under his pseudonym of ‘Boz’  The first series consists of six episodes which opened to critical acclaim and drew an average 250,000 viewers per episode 
A&E subsequently acquired the series for broadcast in the United States, describing it as "thrilling and terrifying"  On 20 June 2016, ITV announced that it had renewed it for a second six-part series, with production set for January 2017  Filming commenced in March 2017, with Laurence Fox and Maeve Dermody joining the cast  The writing team for the second series consisted of Michael Robert Johnson, Paul Tomalin, Noel Farragher, Colin Carberry, and Glenn Patterson, with all six episodes directed by Alex Gabassi  In December 2017, it was announced that Netflix had struck a deal to carry the programme in the United States and other territories but was removed in February 2022 

Cast
Sean Bean – Inspector John Marlott, a Thames River Police officer, who has early secondary stage syphilis 
Tom Ward – Sir Robert Peel, the Home Secretary
Richie Campbell – Joseph Nightingale, a Bow Street Runner
Ed Stoppard – Lord Daniel Hervey, an impoverished nobleman and proprietor of a private charity hospital
Vanessa Kirby – Lady Jemima Hervey, an impoverished noblewoman, sister to Lord Hervey
Ryan Sampson – Boz, a journalist from The Morning Chronicle
Robbie Gee – Billy Oates, a hardened street-smart criminal
Anna Maxwell Martin – Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein (series 1)
Richard Clements - Percy Bysshe Shelley, poet and husband of Mary Shelley (series 1)
Charlie Creed-Miles – Tom Pritty, a grave-robber working for the local surgeons (series 1)
Eloise Smyth – Flora, a homeless child taken by Billy Oates to work as a prostitute (series 1)
Samuel West – Sir William Chester, a renowned surgeon and pioneer of galvanism (series 1)
Mark Bazeley – Garnet Chester, Sir William's cousin, also a surgeon (series 1)
Elliot Cowan – Sir Bentley Warburton, Sir Robert Peel's political rival (series 1)
Kate Dickie – Mrs  Bishop, the matron of a gang of murderers (series 1)
Steven Berkoff – William Blake, author, artist and printmaker (series 1)
Deirdre Mullins – Agnes Marlott, John Marlott's deceased wife (series 1)
Laurence Fox – Frederick Dipple, a socialite with an interest in automata (series 2)
Maeve Dermody – Esther Rose, a Jewish seamstress contracted by Mr  Dipple to provide clothing for his mechanical creations (series 2)
Victoria Emslie – Automaton, one of Mr  Dipple's mechanical creations (series 2)
Lily Lesser – Ada Byron, a brilliant female mathematician, assisting Mr  Dipple in creating his automata (series 2)
Kerrie Hayes – Queenie Pickett, Dipple's housemaid and Nightingale's childhood friend (series 2)

Production
The Frankenstein Chronicles was filmed in Northern Ireland in 2015 

Episodes
Series 1 (2015)
Series 2 (2017)
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes season 1 has an approval rating of 80% based on reviews from 10 critics Euan Ferguson at The Guardian concluded "It's genuinely rather good, and a beast of wholly different hide to Jekyll"  Carl Wilson at The Globe and Mail wrote: "On balance, the season ended just as brilliantly grim as it started " Ben Travers at IndieWire said: "While it's unlikely to be remembered for as long as it took to make, Frankenstein certainly earned its shot at a long life on Netflix "
Passage 10:
List of Happy Valley episodes
Happy Valley is a British crime drama television series created by Sally Wainwright and produced by Red Production Company  The first series of six episodes started airing on BBC One in the United Kingdom on 29 April 2014   It was released on Netflix in the United States and Canada on 20 August 2014  A second six-episode series began airing on BBC One on 9 February 2016 and was made available on Netflix in the US later that year 
The BBC announced Series 3 on 26 October 2021 with filming scheduled to begin in 2022  Series 3 started airing on BBC One on 1 January 2023 

Series overview
Episodes
Series 1 (2014)
Series 2 (2016)
Series 3 (2023)
Ratings
Context 3:  However, upon the disqualification of Tyson Gay due to doping, Thompson was promoted to sixth place 
During the 2014 national championships he won the finals, improving the national record with a run of 9 82 s, becoming one of the 10 fastest 100 m runners ever 

Major competition record
1Disqualified in the final

Personal bests
60 m and 200 m taken from IAAF profile
100 m taken from NAAA TT Website

Notes
Passage 4:
Harold Davis (athlete)
Harold Davis may refer to:

H  L  Davis (1894–1960), Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist
Harold A  Davis, pulp fiction author working under the pseudonym Kenneth Robeson, 1930s, 1940s
Harold Davis (American football) (1934–2007), American quarterback
Harold Davis (footballer) (1933–2018), Scottish footballer who played for Rangers F C 
Harold Davis (sprinter) (1921–2007), American sprinter and former world record holder
Harold Davis (photographer) (born 1953), American photographer and author
Harold Thayer Davis (1892–1974), American mathematician

See also
Harold Davies (disambiguation)
Harry Davis (disambiguation)
Passage 5:
I Am Bolt
I Am Bolt is a 2016 British biographical documentary sports film co-directed by Benjamin Turner and Gabe Turner and produced by Leo Pearlman  It is based on the life of Jamaican sprinter and three times Olympic gold medalist and World Record holder for 100m, 200m, 4×100m relay, Usain Bolt, the fastest man in recorded human history The film describes Bolt's journey in winning nine gold medals and the incidents surrounding the Olympic titles  The film was released on 28 November 2016 in United Kingdom and then worldwide  The film received mostly positive reviews from critics 

Cast
Usain Bolt himself
Pelé himself
Neymar himself
Serena Williams herself
Asafa Powell himself
Sebastian himself
Ziggy Marley himself
Nas with voice
Glen Mills himself
Ricky Simms himself
Chronixx himself
Yohan Blake himself
Maurice Greene himself
Wellesley and Jennifer Bolt – his parents themselves
Dwayne Jarrett – Bolt's school coach himself
Nugent Walker – Bolt's manager himself
Dwayne Barnett himself

Reception
Critical response
I Am Bolt received positive reviews  On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 83% based on 242 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "
Bolt's golden era may be too recent and the sponsors too dominant for any real warts to be included, but his charm and sheer physical wonder make this a compelling watch regardless "Justin Lowe of The Hollywood Reporter reacted positively, saying: "Athletic achievements don’t get much more unbeatable than the records held by Jamaican runner Usain Bolt, who’s won nine consecutive Olympic gold medals and even more World Championship awards  Considered the fastest sprinter who’s ever logged track time, Bolt is a hero to millions and admired on a level comparable to global sports legends like Muhammad Ali and Pele "Xan Brooks of The Guardian gave it 2/5, stating "Fans of Usain Bolt will find much to relish in this gushing homage to the nine-time Olympic gold medallist, which chases its idol from his 2015 slump, via scenes of downtime in Jamaica to the podium in Rio 
Passage 6:
Glen Mills
Glen Mills OD (born 14 August 1949) is a sprinting athletics coach from Jamaica  He was the head coach of the Jamaican Olympic athletics team between 1987 and 2009  He is currently head coach of the Racers Track Club which includes world and Olympic record holder Usain Bolt and the 100-metre World Champion Yohan Blake  Other athletes that he has coached in the past include Kim Collins, and Ray Stewart 

Early years
Mills enjoyed athletics from an early age and, after moving to Camperdown High School, promptly joined the sprinting team at age 13  After his first year he was dissatisfied with his performances and gave up on the idea of becoming a professional sprinter  Despite this setback Mills was still enamoured with athletics and frequently attended the practice meetings to watch the others run  The high school coach, Henry McDonald Messam, noticed his interest and reluctance to participate and so assigned him various tasks and chores to keep him busy  Two years after, Mills had learnt well from the head coach and was given the job of coaching a class of younger track and field athletes  He retained the job after graduation, progressing to form an official part of the Camperdown High School coaching staff  The arrival of a new head of the sports department threatened Mills coaching opportunities and he was sacked in favour of a more experienced coach  The move backfired as many of the school's better athletes chose to stand by Mills, training with him at his new, unofficial training ground  Mills was quickly reinstated at the school and went on to train many successful sprinters, including Olympic silver medallist Raymond Stewart By the early 1970s, Mills had trained a significant number of male sprinters in the national junior team  The Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association (JAAA) called on him to work on the team, for the CARIFTA Games  Following this appointment Mills became a prominent coach in the Jamaican athletics scene  He continued to work on his coaching style and earned a diploma from the International Olympic Committee training centre in Mexico and a qualification in High-Level Sprint Tech training at the IAAF Training Centre in Puerto Rico  During his time as a coach in Jamaica he has worked with a number of Caribbean athletes including Yohan Blake, Aleen Bailey, Xavier Brown, Leroy Reid and Kim Collins  In addition, Mills also coached British sprinter Dwain Chambers when his athletics ban expired 

Training Bolt
Mills was approached by Usain Bolt shortly after the Athens Olympics and he became the sprinter's coach in late 2004  Bolt was initially a 200 metres specialist but Mills suggested that his young charge should improve his stamina to run over 400 metres  With upcoming competitions for Bolt, there was no time for him to prepare for 400m and Bolt asked if he could run the 100m  Bolt completed 100m in 10 03, an excellent time without any explosive training    At the 2007 Jamaican Championships in June, Bolt broke Donald Quarrie's 36-year-old record by 0 11 seconds, running 19 75 seconds  Mills agreed to Bolt's demands and let him run the 100 m event  The acceptance of the request paid dividends for both sprinter and coach as Mills was impressed with Bolt's new drive and focus in training  By the end of 2007, Mills was pleased with Bolt's performances and the coaching had improved his technique, particularly with a more efficient stride frequency and better balancing  In a trade-off the two agreed to a two part training programme in preparation for the 2008 Beijing Olympics  Mills would help Bolt work on his speed for the 100 m initially then turn his focus to the stamina needed for the 200 m  The program paid off as Bolt set three world records and took gold in both 100 m and 200 m events in Beijing  Bolt praised Mills, saying it was his coaching which made him improve, not only as an athlete, but also as a person  Despite Bolt's unprecedented achievements in Beijing, Mills still felt he could improve if his stride frequency was further improved and his technique perfected Mills stepped down as the Olympic Jamaican athletics coach in late 2009, having overseen athletes to 71 world championship and 33 Olympic medals in his 22 years in the role  He said other prominent coaches deserved a chance at undertaking the position and decided he wanted to focus more on his Racers Track Club team 

Drug controversy
In June 2009, five Jamaican athletes were found positive for banned substances  At least two of the athletes belong to the Racers Track Club and were coached by Mills  The athletes were later revealed to be Yohan Blake, Marvin Anderson, Allodin Fothergill, Lansford Spence and Sheri-Ann Brooks, who all tested positive for the stimulant Methylhexanamine, a compound similar to Tuaminoheptane, and were subsequently banned for three months by the Jamaica Anti-Doping Commission 

Awards
NACAC Coach of the Year 2008
Passage 7:
Kozo Haraguchi
Kozo Haraguchi (原口 幸三, Haraguchi Kōzō, June 20, 1910 in Kobayashi, Miyazaki – January 11, 2011 in Miyazaki City, Kyushu) was a track and field athlete and former World Masters Athletics record holder in the 100 m sprint for men aged 90–94 (18 08 seconds, 2000) as well as the former record holder for men aged 95–100 (21 69 seconds, August 27, 2005)  Haraguchi began competing in track and field events when he turned 65, with his exercise regimen which included a one-hour walk every morning 
Passage 8:
Mosito Lehata
Mosito Lehata (born 8 April 1989 in Maseru) is a Mosotho athlete competing in sprinting events  He is the current holder of the Lesotho national record for the 100-meter at 10 11 seconds, and has consistently won the national track championships on shorter tracks  He was eliminated in the first round of the men's 200 m event at the 2012 Summer Olympics  Lehata found success in the 200 m event at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics when he finished in the first round ahead of Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt and advanced to the semifinals   He set a new national record in the 200 m at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, finishing in 4th, four hundredths of a second behind the bronze medal winner At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he competed in the 100 m and 200 m events  He finished 4th in his heat for the 100 m with a time of 10 25 seconds and did not qualify for the semifinals  He finished 7th in his heat for the 200 m with a season best time of 20 65 seconds, but did not qualify for the semifinals  He was the flagbearer for Lesotho during the Parade of Nations 

Competition record
1Did not start in the semifinals
2Disqualified in the semifinals
3Did not finish in the semifinals

Personal bests
Outdoor

100 metres – 10 11 (+1 4 m/s, Réduit 2015)
200 metres – 20 36 (+0 5 m/s, Glasgow 2014)Indoor

60 metres – 7 00 (Istanbul 2012)
Passage 9:
Warren Weir
Warren Weir (born October 1989) is a retired Jamaican sprinter, who specialized in the 200 metres  He was the bronze medallist in the event at the 2012 London Olympics, helping Jamaica sweep the medals  In 2013 at the Moscow World Championships, Warren Weir won the silver medal equalling his personal best  He finished behind Usain Bolt who set a World Leading time  His personal best is 19 79 seconds set at the National Stadium in his home country Kingston, Jamaica  He has since equalled his personal best in Moscow, in the World Championship final  He trained with the Glen Mills-coached Racers Track Club, alongside Usain Bolt and Yohan Blake 

Career
At the start of his career, Weir competed in the short sprints and the 110 metres hurdles  Born in Trelawny Parish, he ran the 100 m and 200 m for Calabar High School at the Jamaican High School Championships  At the 2007 Jamaican junior championships he set a hurdles best of 13 65 seconds for second place and set a 100 m dash best of 10 69 seconds  He was a hurdles finalist at the 2007 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships and a silver medallist at the 2008 CARIFTA Games, where he also shared in the 4×100 metres relay gold medal  In his first appearance on the global stage, Weir reached the semi-finals at the 2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics  He competed sparingly in his first years as a senior, although he did run personal bests in the 100 m (10 50) and the 400 metres hurdles (53 28) in 2009 Weir began to emerge as a 200 m specialist in 2011 after joining the Racers Track Club under coach Glen Mills  He and Mills noticed that the hurdles were leaving him with knee pain and both decided that Weir should focus on sprinting instead  He dipped under 21 second for the first time and placed sixth at the Jamaican Championships  He was invited to European meetings for the first time and performed well at his first Diamond League meeting, taking second place to Walter Dix with a personal best of 20 43 seconds into a strong headwind  He began 2012 by bringing his 200 m best down to 20 21, then 20 13 seconds  A time of 20 08 seconds brought him third place at the Adidas Grand Prix in New York in June At the Jamaican Olympic Trials in 2012, Weir broke twenty seconds with a personal best of 19 99 seconds in the 200 m semi final and a third-place finish in the final, behind Yohan Blake and Usain Bolt, earned him a spot on the Jamaican team for the 2012 Summer Olympics  In the Olympic 200 m final he was a surprise bronze medallist, securing a new personal best of 19 84 seconds in the process  His medal made it an all-Jamaican podium finish alongside fellow Racers Track Club athletes Bolt and Blake – the first time Jamaican men had achieved such a medal sweep at the Olympics Weir started out his 2013 season with a victory of 20 11 seconds in the Adidas Grand Prix in New York City  In June, he registered a 10 02 100m run, a massive personal best from his previous record of 10 51 seconds in 2008  Later in the 2013 Jamaican National Championships, Weir cruised to the finish line in the 200m final in 19 79 seconds, tying Bolt's world leading mark at that point  Having won the first two of his diamond league 200m races (in the Golden Grand Prix and the Adidas Grand Prix), Weir finished second to Bolt at the Meeting Areva, where Bolt set a world lead and meeting record of 19 73  Despite the clear loss to Bolt in Paris, Weir looked to be the closest to a challenger for Bolt at the World Championships that year  At the London Anniversary Games Weir clocked an impressive 19 89 and followed this up with a meeting record in the relay, clocking 37 75 
Come the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, Weir took the heats easily and made it to the final  In the final, Bolt won the race in a world leading time of 19 66 to become the first man to win the 200m at the world championships three times  Weir got clear silver at 19 79, equalling his best, and Curtis Mitchell the bronze in 20 04  Weir would later collect a gold in the 4 × 100 m, after running in the heats  Weir finished his season off by winning the 200m at the Memorial Van Damme in Brussels and hence won the Diamond League 
In 2014, Weir competed in the Commonwealth Games, running the 200m   After winning his heats, Weir won the silver medal in the final 
He is known for saying "No English, straight Patois," sparking calls on social networks for T-shirts to be printed with the phrase In August 2017 Weir announced his retirement from competition via his Instagram account, after not advancing from the heats in the 200m at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London In a change of sport, Weir was a member of the Jamaica rugby sevens team that came third at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games 

Statistics
Personal bests
100 metres: 10 02 sec (2013)
200 metres: 19 79 sec (2013)
400 metres: 46 10 sec (2013)
110 metres hurdles (junior): 13 65 sec (2007)
400 metres hurdles: 53 28 sec (2009)

International competition record
Passage 10:
Men's 100 metres world record progression
The first record in the 100 metres for men (athletics) was recognised by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as World Athletics, in 1912 
As of 21 June 2011, the IAAF had ratified 67 records in the event, not including rescinded records 

Unofficial progression before the IAAF
IAAF record progression
"Wind" in these tables refers to wind assistance, the velocity of the wind parallel to the runner - positive values are from the starting line towards the finish line, negative are from the finish line towards the starting line, 0 is no wind in either direction, and all values are measured in metres per second   Any wind perpendicular to the runners (from left to right, right to left, or up to down or down to up, although the conditions of the track generally preclude those wind directions) is ignored and not listed 
"Auto" refers to automatic timing, and for the purposes of these lists, indicates auto times which were either also taken for hand-timed records, or were rounded to the tenth or hundredth of a second (depending on the rounding rules then in effect) for the official record time 

Records 1912–1976
The first manual time of 9 9 seconds was recorded for Bob Hayes in the final of the 100 metres at the 1964 Olympics  Hayes' official time of 10 0 seconds was determined by rounding down the electronic time of 10 06 to the nearest tenth of a second, giving the appearance of a manual time  This method was unique to the Olympics of 1964 and 1968, and the officials at the track recorded Hayes' time as 9 9 seconds 

Records since 1977
Since 1975, the IAAF has accepted separate automatically electronically timed records for events up to 400 metres  Starting on January 1, 1977, the IAAF has required fully automatic timing to the hundredth of a second for these events Jim Hines' October 1968 Olympic gold medal run was the fastest recorded fully electronic 100 metre race up to that date, at 9 95 seconds  Track and Field News has compiled an unofficial list of automatically timed records starting with the 1964 Olympics and Bob Hayes' gold medal performance there  Those marks are included in the progression 
The event is linked on some of the dates 

Low-altitude record progression 1968–1987
The IAAF considers marks set at high altitude as acceptable for record consideration  However, high altitude can significantly assist sprint performances  One estimate suggests times in the 200 m sprint can be assisted by between 0 09 s and 0 14 s with the maximum allowable tailing wind of (2 0 m/s), and gain 0 3 s at altitudes over 2000 m  For this reason, unofficial low-altitude record lists have been compiled 
After the IAAF started to recognise only electronic times in 1977, the then-current record and subsequent record were both set at altitude  It was not until 1987 that the world record was equalled or surpassed by a low-altitude performance  The following progression of low-altitude records therefore starts with Hines's low-altitude "record" when the IAAF started to recognise only electronic timing in 1977, and continues to Lewis's low-altitude performance that equalled the high-altitude world record in 1987  (Ben Johnson's 9 95 run in 1986 and 9 83 run in 1987 are omitted )

See also
Women's 100 metres world record progression
Men's 200 metres world record progression
100-yard dash

Notes



ground_truth: 2010

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: In what event was Harold Davis a former record holder, but now is held by Usain Bolt?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  The historic beverage comes served in an ice-frosted silver julep cup  However, most Churchill Downs patrons sip theirs from souvenir glasses (first offered in 1939 and available in revised form each year since) printed with all previous Derby winners  Also, burgoo, a thick stew of beef, chicken, pork, and vegetables, is a popular Kentucky dish served at the Derby 
The infield—a spectator area inside the track—offers general admission prices but little chance of seeing much of the race, particularly before the jumbotron installation in 2014  Instead, revelers show up in the infield to party with abandon  By contrast, "Millionaire's Row" refers to the expensive box seats that attract the rich, the famous and the well-connected  Women appear in elegant outfits lavishly accessorized with large, elaborate hats  Following the Call to the Post played on bugle by Steve Buttleman, as the horses start to parade before the grandstands, the University of Louisville Cardinal Marching Band plays Stephen Foster's "My Old Kentucky Home"  This song is a tradition which began in 1921  The event attracts spectators from a large area, flying in hundreds of private aircraft to Louisville International Airport The Derby is frequently referred to as "The Run for the Roses", because a lush blanket of 554 red roses is awarded to the Kentucky Derby winner each year  The tradition originated in 1883 when New York City socialite E  Berry Wall presented roses to ladies at a post-Derby party  The Churchill Downs founder and president, Col  M  Lewis Clark, attended that event  This gesture is believed to have led Clark to the idea of making the rose the race's official flower  However, it was not until 1896 that any recorded account referred to draping roses on the Derby winner  The Governor of Kentucky and the Chairman of Churchill Downs Incorporated present the garland and the Kentucky Derby Trophy to the winner  Pop vocalist Dan Fogelberg composed the song "Run for the Roses", released in time for the 1980 running of the race 

Riders Up!
"Riders Up!" is the traditional command from the Paddock Judge for jockeys to mount their horses in advance of the upcoming race  Since 2012, a dignitary or celebrity attendee recites this phrase 

Festival
In the weeks preceding the race, numerous activities took place for the Kentucky Derby Festival  Thunder Over Louisville—an airshow and fireworks display—generally begins the festivities in earnest two weeks before the Derby 

Derby Galas
A number of galas are held to celebrate the Kentucky Derby leading up to Derby day itself including one of the oldest, ongoing galas called Barnstable Brown  Funds raised at Barnstable Brown support the Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center at the University of Kentucky 
 

Records
Horse records
Secretariat set the record for speed in 1973 with a time of 1:59 4  During its first two decades when the Derby was run at 1+1⁄2 miles, and the record was 2:34 5, set by Spokane in 1889 
The largest margin of victory is 8 lengths, a feat tied by four different horses: Old Rosebud in 1914, Johnstown in 1939, Whirlaway in 1941, and Assault in 1946 
The highest odds of a winning horse were 91 to 1 for Donerail in 1913  The second-highest odds occurred in 2022, when Rich Strike went off at 80 to 1 and won the race 
Three horses have won the Kentucky Derby without competing as a two-year-old: Apollo (1882), Justify (2018), and Mage (2023) 

Jockey records
107 jockeys have won the Kentucky Derby, with 27 doing so multiple times  Isaac Murphy (1890–91), Jimmy Winkfield (1901–02), Ron Turcotte (1972–73), Eddie Delahoussaye (1982–83), Calvin Borel (2009–10), and Victor Espinoza (2014–15) are the only jockeys to win the Derby in back-to-back years  Borel is the only jockey with three wins in a four-year span (2007, '09, '10) 

Trainer records
116 trainers have won the Kentucky Derby, with 19 doing so multiple times  Six trainers have won the Derby in back-to-back years: Herbert J  Thompson (1932–33), Ben Jones (1948–49), Jimmy Jones (1957–58), Lucien Laurin (1972–73), D  Wayne Lukas (1995–96), and Bob Baffert (1997–98) 

Owner Records
Seventeen owners have won the Kentucky Derby multiple times with horses they fully or partially owned 

* Partnered with other entities in an ownership group for one or more winning horses 

"Oaks/Derby Double"
Jockeys, trainers, and owners competing in the Kentucky Derby often will compete in the Kentucky Oaks, a race for fillies held the day before the Derby  Winning both these races in the same year is referred to as an "Oaks/Derby Double;" 7 jockeys, 3 trainers, and 4 owners have accomplished this feat:

*Until the 1950s, the Oaks was held several days or weeks after the Derby 

Winners
Triple Crown winners are in bold and highlighted with gold 

Notes# Designates a filly 
† Designates a horse that won American Horse of the Year in the same year they won the Derby 
‡ Designates a horse that was inducted in subsequent years into the National Racing Hall of Fame 

Sire lines
Winners of the Kentucky Derby can be connected to each other due to the practice of arranging horse breeding based on their previous success  All of the horses can be traced back to the three foundational sires, with Godolphin Arabian the ancestor of 7 winners, Byerley Turk the ancestor of 11 winners, and Darley Arabian is the ancestor of 130 winners, including all winners since 1938 

Darley Arabian line
The Darley Arabian (1700c) sire line (all branched through the Eclipse (1764) line) produced 131 Derby winners (123 colts, 5 geldings, 3 fillies), including all winners from 1938 to present  The main branches of this sire line are:

The King Fergus (1775) branch (all branched through the Voltigeur (1847) line), produced 14 winners  His sire line continued primarily through his son Vedette (1854) with 12 winners, due to his sons Speculum (1865) with 6 winners (nearly exclusively through Sundridge (1898) with 5 winners, most recently Count Turf in 1951) and Galopin (1872) with 6 winners (exclusively through St  Simon (1881), most recently Go For Gin in 1994) 
The Potoooooooo (1773) branch produced 117 winners (all branched through the Waxy (1790) line), including all winners from 1995 to present  The primary branch of this sire line is through Whalebone (1807), which has produced 112 winners  In turn, the primary branch continues through Sir Hercules (1826), which has produced 90 winners (including all winners since 2006), and then the Birdcatcher (1833) branch which produced 78 winners  From Birdcatcher, the branch of The Baron (1842) has produced 68 winners, of which 66 winners trace to Stockwell (1849)  Stockwell's son Doncaster (1870) sired Bend Or (1877), whose sire line accounts for 64 winners  The main branch of the Bend Or sire line continued through his son Bona Vista (1889) with 55 winners, exclusively through the Phalaris (1913) line, which has dominated in the last several decades (including all winners from 2006 to present) through the following sons:The Pharamond (1925) branch (4 winners all through the Tom Fool (1949) line, most recently Silver Charm in 1997) 
The Sickle (1924) branch, which has produced all winners from 2022 to present (24 winners all branched through the Native Dancer (1950) line, nearly exclusively through Raise a Native (1961) with 23 winners, continued primarily through Mr Prospector (1970) with 16 winners (including all winners since 2022) through 8 different sons: Fusaichi Pegasus, winner of the 2000 Kentucky Derby, and 7 other sons through their progeny (most recently Mage in 2023, with his son Fappiano (1977) accounting for 6 winners (most recently Always Dreaming in 2017)) 
The Pharos (1920) branch (27 winners all branched through the Nearco (1935) line, through his sons Royal Charger (1942), Nearctic (1954), and Nasrullah (1940))  The Royal Charger branch produced 5 winners (most recently Barbaro in 2006), the Nearctic branch produced 8 winners, exclusively through his son Northern Dancer (1961) with his win in the 1964 Kentucky Derby, and direct male progeny of 7 winners (most recently Mandaloun in 2021), while the Nasrullah branch produced 14 winners (most recently Nyquist in 2016) primarily due to his son Bold Ruler (1954) with 10 winners (most recently California Chrome in 2014) 
Special notes:
The Waxy (1790) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Whalebone (1807), and the secondary branch of Whisker (1812) which produced 5 winners (exclusively through the King Tom (1851) line), most recently 1909 Kentucky Derby winner Wintergreen 
An offshoot of the Whalebone (1807) branch, the Camel (1822) branch (18 winners exclusively through the Touchstone (1831) line), produced 2005 Kentucky Derby winner Giacomo through his grandson Orlando's (1841) branch  Since then, each winner of the Kentucky Derby has gone through Whalebone's more frequent sire line branch of Sir Herecules (1826)  The Orlando branch (6 winners exclusively through the Himyar (1875) line) is the less common of the two branches derived through Camel  Orlando's brother Newminster (1848) produced 12 winners (primarily through the Hyperion (1930) line with 8 winners), most recently Chateaugay in 1963 
The Sir Hercules (1826) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Birdcatcher (1833), and the secondary branch of Faugh-a-Ballagh (1841) which produced 12 winners (exclusively through the Leamington (1853) line), most recently 1908 Kentucky Derby winner Stone Street 
The Birdcatcher (1833) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of The Baron (1842), and the secondary branch of Oxford (1857) which produced 10 winners (primarily through the Swynford (1907) line with 8 winners), most recently 1965 Kentucky Derby winner Lucky Debonair 
The Bend Or (1877) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Bona Vista (1889), and the secondary branch of Ormonde (1883) which produced 8 winners (exclusively through the Teddy (1913) line), most recently 1957 Kentucky Derby winner Iron Liege 

Byerley Turk line
The Byerley Turk (1680c) sire line produced 11 winners (8 colts, 3 geldings)  The main branches of this sire (all branched through the Herod (1758) line) are:

The Highflyer (1774) branch produced 1 winner, most recently Macbeth II in 1888 
The Florizel (1768) branch produced 3 winners (all branched through the Lexington (1850) line), most recently Manuel in 1899 
The Woodpecker (1773) branch produced 7 winners (all branched through the Buzzard (1787) line)  The main branches of this sire line are:
The Castrel (1801) branch produced 1 winner, most recently Kingman in 1891 
The Selim (1802) branch produced 6 winners (all branched through the Glencoe (1831) line)  The main branches of this sire line are:
The Star Davis (1849) branch produced 1 winner, most recently Day Star in 1878 
The Vandal (1850) branch produced 5 winners (all branched through the Virgil (1864) line), most recently Alan-a-Dale in 1902 

Godolphin Arabian line
the Godolphin Arabian (1724c) sire line produced 7 winners (6 colts, 1 gelding)  The main branches of this sire (all branched through the West Australian (1850) line) are:
the Solon (1861) branch produced 3 winners, including:
the Barcaldine (1878) branch produced 1 winner, most recently Omar Khayyam in 1917
the Arbitrator (1874) branch produced 2 winners (all branched through The Finn (1912) line), most recently Flying Ebony in 1925
the Australian (1858) branch produced 4 winners, including:
Baden-Baden (1874), winner of the 1877 Kentucky Derby
the Waverly (1870) branch produced 1 winner, most recently Montrose in 1887
the Spendthrift (1876) branch produced 2 winners (all branched through the Man o' War (1917) line), most recently War Admiral in 1937

Kentucky Derby winners with male-line descendants including other Kentucky Derby winners
Northern Dancer (1964 winner) – 7 colts; most recently Mandaloun (2021)
Ben Brush (1896 winner) - 3 winners (2 colts, 1 filly); most recently Whiskery (1927)
Seattle Slew (1977 winner) – 3 colts; most recently California Chrome (2014)
Unbridled (1990 winner) – 3 winners (2 colts, 1 gelding); most recently American Pharoah (2015)
Hindoo (1881 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Alan-a-Dale (1902)
Bold Venture (1936 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Middleground (1950)
Reigh Count (1928 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Count Turf (1951)
Pensive (1944 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Needles (1956)
Majestic Prince (1969 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Super Saver (2010)
Halma (1895 winner) – 1 colt; Alan-a-Dale (1902)
Leonatus (1883 winner) – 1 colt; Pink Star (1907)
Bubbling Over (1926 winner) – 1 colt; Burgoo King (1932)
Gallant Fox (1930 winner) – 1 colt; Omaha (1935)
Count Fleet (1943 winner) – 1 colt; Count Turf (1951)
Ponder (1949 winner) – 1 colt; Needles (1956)
Determine (1954 winner) – 1 colt; Decidedly (1962)
Swaps (1955 winner) – 1 colt; Chateaugay (1963)
Grindstone (1996 winner) – 1 gelding; Mine That Bird (2009)

See also
Kentucky Oaks
Kentucky Derby Festival
American thoroughbred racing top attended events
Kentucky Derby top four finishers
List of graded stakes at Churchill Downs
"The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved", a seminal example of New Journalism by Hunter S  Thompson
Triple Crown Productions
Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
Grand Slam of Thoroughbred Racing
List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area
Derby Pie
List of Kentucky Derby broadcasters
Passage 6:
Claiming race
In Thoroughbred racing, a claiming race is a type of horse race in which the horses are all for sale at a specified claiming price until shortly before the race  In the hierarchy of horse races, based on the quality of the horses that compete, claiming races are at the bottom, below maiden races (races for horses that have never won a race)  In most race tracks in the United States, most of the races are claiming races  For example in Kentucky in 1999, 54% of all races run were claiming races, but had only 20% of the purse dollar value, the lowest average purse among race types The mechanics of claiming vary based on jurisdiction but in most cases almost anyone, or possibly anyone who is licensed to own racehorses, may claim  For example, the Illinois Racing Board stipulates that any horse may be claimed for its entered price by any licensed owner or agent or anyone who has filed an application and been granted a claiming license  Title to the horse typically transfers just before the start of the race, but the previous owner is entitled to the purse, if any, that results from the horse's performance in the race  Usually related parties such as the trainer or employees, or relatives, are prohibited from claiming, as are reciprocal agreements between owners to "protect" each other's horses  If a horse is purchased, a track official tags it (often with a red tag) after the race, and it goes to its new owner, assuming the new owner had sufficient funds on deposit Claiming races have claim amounts which vary, and higher amounts tend to have richer purses  The intent of this is to even the race; if a better-than-class horse is entered (with the expectation of an easy purse win), it might be lost for the claiming price, which is likely less than the horse is worth  Someone may wish to claim a horse if they think the horse has not been trained to its fullest potential under another trainer 
Claiming races serve several purposes  They are a quality classification, as well as a way of ensuring racing outcomes are less predictable, which in turn increases the handle, or amount of parimutuel betting, and a way to bring liquidity to the racehorse marketplace  Although many horses never rise above claiming races, some do  For example Stymie, a USD 1500 claimer, went on to earn over 900,000 USD, winning many storied grade 1 stakes and handicap races in the 1940s  General Quarters, a USD 20,000 claimer, won the grade 1 Blue Grass Stakes and ran in the 2009 Kentucky Derby  Make A Stand, claimed for £8,000 in 1995, won the 1997 Champion Hurdle   In 2018,  Maximum Security won a claiming race, but was not claimed, and went on to run in the 2019 Kentucky Derby, and initially appeared to win, but was disqualified for interfering with other horses  The 2022 Kentucky Derby winner Rich Strike was purchased in a claiming race for $30,000, was entered into the Derby only after Ethereal Road was scratched, and won at 80-1 odds 
Passage 7:
Miss Preakness Stakes
The Miss Preakness Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies over a distance of six furlongs on the dirt held annually run on Black-Eyed Susan Stakes Day at the Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland as a stakes feature of the undercard  The event offers a purse of $150,000 added 

History
The race was first carded in its inaugural running in 1986  It became graded for the first time in 2002 by the American Graded Stakes Committee  The race was simply called the Miss Preakness Stakes from 1986 through 2003  The race was renamed with sponsorship in 2004 to the "Adena Stallions Miss Preakness Stakes" 

Sponsorship
From 2015 to 2019 the event was sponsored by Adena Springs, a breeding operation owned by Magna Entertainment Corporation Chairman, Frank Stronach  Adena Stallions' are the breeding stock stallions at Adena Springs including: Ghostzapper, Macho Uno, Giacomo, Congaree, Awesome Again and Touch Gold in Midway, Kentucky  Adena Springs stallions standing in Ocala, Florida includes Red Bullet, Milwaukee Brew, and Alphabet Soup   Adena Springs has donated a 2017 no guarantee breeding season to point of entry for the winning entry 

Records
Speed record:  

1:07 70 – Covfefe (2019)Margins: 

8+1⁄2 lengths – Covfefe (2019)Most wins by a jockey:

4 – Chris McCarron     (1986, 1987, 1988 & 1990)Most wins by a trainer:

3 – D  Wayne Lukas    (1995, 1998, & 2007)
3 – Todd Pletcher   (2000, 2011, 2016)Most wins by an owner:

no owner has won this race more than once 

Winners of The Miss Preakness Stakes
See also
Black-Eyed Susan Stakes
List of American and Canadian Graded races
List of graded stakes at Pimlico Race Course
Miss Preakness Stakes "top three finishers" and starters
Pimlico Race Course
Preakness Stakes
Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association
Passage 8:
Alysheba Stakes
The Alysheba Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three and older  over a distance of 1+1⁄16 miles on the dirt held annually in early May on the Kentucky Oaks day meeting at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky  during the spring meeting 

History
The Alysheba became the most recent addition to the Derby Week stakes with the inaugural running on 30 April 2004 as the sixth race on the undercard of the Kentucky Oaks day meeting  It was the first stakes to join the Derby Week lineup since 1997 
The event is named for the talented 1987 Kentucky Derby winner and United States Racing Hall of Fame inductee,  Alysheba, who returned to the Downs in 1988 to win the Breeders' Cup Classic  His victory marked the first time a Derby winner had returned to Churchill to win a stakes since Whirlaway took the 1942 Clark Handicap The event received graded status in 2007 and was upgrade to Grade II in 2012 The 2012 winner Successful Dan broke the track record for the distance which to date still holds 

Records
Speed record1+1⁄16 miles:  1:41 04 -  Successful Dan   (2012)Margins6 lengths - Take Charge Indy (2013)Most wins by a jockey3 - John Velazquez    (2004, 2005, 2015)Most wins by a trainer2 - Todd Pletcher (2005, 2015)
2 - Bob Baffert (2011, 2019)

Winners
See also
List of American and Canadian Graded races
Passage 9:
Jim McKay Turf Sprint
The Jim McKay Turf Sprint is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds and up over a distance of five furlongs on the turf held  as part of the undercard for the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes annually during the third week of May at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland    The race offers a purse of $100,000 The Jim McKay Turf Sprint is the lead off leg of the Mid Atlantic Thoroughbred Championships Sprint Turf Division or MATCh Races   MATCh is a series of five races in five separate thoroughbred divisions run throughout four Mid-Atlantic States including; Pimlico Race Course and Laurel Park Racecourse in Maryland; Delaware Park Racetrack in Delaware; Parx, Philadelphia Park and Presque Isle Downs in Pennsylvania and Monmouth Park in New Jersey 

Race name
The race was named in honor of James Kenneth McManus (1921-2008), better known by his professional name of Jim McKay, was an American television sports journalist  McKay is best known for hosting ABC's Wide World of Sports (1961–1998)  McKay covered a wide variety of special events, including horse races such as the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, golf events such as the British Open, and the Indianapolis 500 

History
The Jim McKay Turf Sprint was first run in 2006 as the Baltimore Breeders' Cup Turf Sprint  In 2007, it ran as the Baltimore City Turf Sprint and in 2008 the race was known as the Old Mutual Turf Sprint  The stakes record is held by Heros Reward, who won the race in 2007 in a time of :55 90 over five furlongs 

Records
Speed record: 

5 furlongs - 55 4/5 - Hero's Reward  (2007)Most wins by a horse:

5 - Ben's Cat (2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016)Most wins by a jockey:

3 - Julian Pimentel (2013, 2014 & 2015)Most wins by a trainer:

5 - King T  Leatherbury  (2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016)Most wins by an owner:

5 - The Jim Stable    (2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016)

Winners of the Jim McKay Turf Sprint since 2006
See also
Jim McKay Turf Sprint top three finishers
Pimlico Race Course
List of graded stakes at Pimlico Race Course
Passage 10:
Horse Racing (video game)
Horse Racing is an equestrian video game released by Mattel Electronics for its Intellivision video game console in 1980   Although primarily a sports video game, Horse Racing received Mattel's "Gaming Network" branding, due to its pari-mutuel betting on horses during the game 
The game houses 8 virtual Thoroughbred race horses residing in the fictional Rainbow Thoroughbred Stables at a fictional western Kentucky race track called Plympton Downs (based loosely on long-time sportscaster/Intellivision sales personality George Plimpton)   Each of the horses have differing racing abilities (front runner, pace keeper, come from behind,    ), and do vary from game time to game time (a horse with come from behind traits during one match may have front runner abilities during the next match)   These horses are known by their colors (instead of their post position numbers—unlike in regular horse racing) 
Horse Racing was also released by Sears for their Intellivision private-label clone, the Super Video Arcade 

Gameplay
In Intellivision's original Horse Racing game, 6 players (bettors) begin each of the 10 races on the simulated match program by checking out the race program screen; 4 horses are entered for each race, with bettors starting out with a $750 simulated bankroll   For each of the 4 horses entered into a race, the odds—along with past performances—are listed (accessed by a side action button during placing bets)   Each bettor then keys in his/her player number (from 1 to 6 on the keypad), enters a bet pay amount against 
his/her bankroll, then—places the bet (of a win or exacta only—by pressing [9] on the keypad) on his/her selection of horse(s)   After all bets are made, a keypad press of [0] then [ENTER] starts the race 
The call to the post then plays   After a brief silence, the starting gate opens up, and 4 Thoroughbred horses run away from the gate   During the actual race, the disk/joystick is used to move a horse along, while the side action buttons perform either of 2 functions (top to coax a horse along, bottom to whip it)   Each race takes place on any of 3 different types of track:  dry, turf (grass), or muddy; additionally, the races run in length from 3 to 10 furlongs   After the horses cross the finish line, the results are shown on the tote board as colorful horse heads (reading from right to left in finishing order), along with the elapsed time of the race   The play screen then switches to the bet placing screen for the next race; after the full 10-race match program has run, a final GAME OVER screen shows up, with the bettors' final bankroll amounts 
The track is horizontally scrolling, with its color changing according to the racing surface (khaki for dry, pine green for turf, and brown for muddy)  A 4-stall starting gate with the horses loaded therein is shown at the start of each race   The cheering crowd fanfare sound is played as the horses cross the finish line 

The Rainbow Thoroughbred Stables
The RTS is a fictional stable in where the race horses featured in the game are housed   Each horse has differing abilities and personalities   These are referred to by their colors (unlike in actual horse races where they would get entrant post position numbers in relation to the inner rail)   These are assigned a button on the keypad as follows:

[1] PINK — Pink Lady
[2] RED — Red Devil
[3] ORANGE — Sun Shine Shake
[4] YELLOW — Gold Torts
[5] GREEN — Green Goblin
[6] BLUE — Blue Boy
[7] VIOLET (PURPLE) — Grape Ghost
[8] WHITE — Snowy GuyOn the original prototype ROM, there was a BLACK horse called Black Maurauder; however, he got dropped from the original release of the game, and got replaced by Snowy Guy 

Legacy
Horse Racing is included in the Intellivision Lives! game collection 



ground_truth: 100 metres