prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Sarah Price and Rob Schneider are both what profession? 

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Elle King
Tanner Elle Schneider (born July 3, 1989), known professionally as Elle King, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actress  Her musical style is influenced by country, rock and blues In 2012, King released her debut EP, The Elle King EP, on RCA; one track from that EP, "Playing for Keeps", is the theme song for VH1's Mob Wives Chicago series She released her debut album, Love Stuff, in 2015  It produced the US top ten single "Ex's & Oh's", which earned her two Grammy Award nominations  King has also toured with acts such as Of Monsters and Men, Train, James Bay, The Chicks, Heart, Joan Jett, Michael Kiwanuka, and Miranda Lambert  Her parents are actor and comedian Rob Schneider and former model London King   She uses her mother's surname to distinguish herself and her career and identity from her father's, telling ABC News that "I think that my voice and my music speaks for itself: that I am my own person "King is a four-time Grammy Award nominee, two each in the rock and country categories, and received honors from the Country Music Association Awards and the Academy of Country Music Awards 

Early life
King was born on July 3, 1989, in Los Angeles, California, to then-Saturday Night Live cast member Rob Schneider and London King, a former model  Her parents divorced and her mother remarried  She grew up living in Ohio, between Wellston and Columbus  When she was nine, her stepfather, Justin Tesa, gave her a record by all-female hard-rock band the Donnas; she views this as the pivotal moment when she decided she wanted to be a musician  Around this time, she also started listening to the Runaways and Blondie, and she made her acting debut alongside her father in the movie Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo At the age of 13, King started playing guitar, immersing herself in the music of Otis Redding, the Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Etta James, Aretha Franklin, Al Green, Hank Williams, Johnny Cash, AC/DC (she has the phrase "dirty deeds" tattooed on her biceps), and Earl Scruggs  Her interest in the country and bluegrass of Hank Williams and Earl Scruggs inspired her to learn the banjo  During her teenage years, she attended Buck's Rock camp in Connecticut, where she starred successfully in a number of musicals King spent her teenage years in New York City, but she has also lived in Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Copenhagen, Denmark  Upon graduating from Elisabeth Irwin High School/Little Red School House, she moved to Philadelphia to enroll at the University of the Arts, studying painting and film  During these college years, she had an artistic epiphany seeing a live show where the band onstage used a banjo purely for accompaniment purposes, eschewing the bluegrass and country musical vocabulary traditionally associated with the instrument  King then began to use the banjo as a compositional tool  After college, she briefly lived in Copenhagen and Los Angeles, before moving back to New York where she currently resides in Bushwick, Brooklyn 

Career
1999–2013: Career beginnings
In 1999, she debuted as an actress in her father's film Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo  In 2005, at age 16, she started gigging around New York City, using a fake ID to gain entry to the local nightclubs  King immersed herself in the local songwriting scene and honed her performance skills by busking around town  King was then signed by newly appointed RCA Chairman Peter Edge  Her debut single "Good To Be A Man", was released on March 13, 2012, as a digital download and also as a 7" vinyl single  On June 12, 2012, the four-song The Elle King EP was released on RCA  The EP was recorded in New York and was produced by Andy Baldwin and Chris DeStefano, with King herself producing a track  The EP's lead track, "Playing for Keeps", was chosen as the theme song for VH1's Mob Wives Chicago series that premiered on June 10, 2012, on VH1 King was spotlighted as an "Artist to Watch in 2012" by Esquire Magazine and made television appearances on VH1 Big Morning Buzz Live and the Late Show with David Letterman  King has played Austin, Texas, at the South by Southwest Festival, as well as the Hammersmith Apollo  She has also taped her own PBS Arts In Context special for KLRU Austin at the Austin City Limits recording studio  She toured with Of Monsters and Men, Train and Michael Kiwanuka and has opened for Dashboard Confessional, Dropkick Murphys, Dry the River, James Bay and Ed Sheeran 

2014–present: Love Stuff, Shake the Spirit and Come And Get Your Wife
In September 2014, King released "Ex's & Oh's", which serves as the lead single off her debut album  She released the album, Love Stuff on February 17, 2015  She performed "Ex's & Oh's" the next day on The Today Show to promote it  The song reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming King's first top ten single in the United States  "Ex's & Oh's" received two nominations at the 58th Grammy Awards: Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song  In July 2015, King supported Modest Mouse on their UK tour  "Under the Influence" and "America's Sweetheart" were later released as singles for rock radio and mainstream radio, respectively  In 2016, her single "Good Girls" featured on the Ghostbusters soundtrack and played over the movie's credits  In 2016, she teamed up with country singer Dierks Bentley for the song "Different for Girls"  They performed this song at the 50th CMA Awards on November 2, 2016, when she and Bentley won the award for Musical Event of the Year On March 6, 2017, she premiered a new single "Wild Love" featuring a sparse electronic production, marking a slight departure from her previous style in music  King released her second studio album, Shake the Spirit, on October 19, 2018, which she made with her band the Brethren  On August 3, 2019, she was featured singing on a version of  Lindsey Stirling's "The Upside"  Throughout 2019, King served as a guest co-host on the MTV series Catfish: The TV Show opposite lead host Nev Schulman King's third album, Come Get Your Wife, was released on January 27, 2023, and displays a move into country music 

Musical style and influences
According to The Guardian, King's musical style is "steeped in every genre of vintage Americana  – sassy rock'n'roll, vampy R&B, country sadness and a little blues " King's music was classified as blues rock by Nylon, and as alternative country by Alternative Nation  According to King, "I say that I sing a little bit of country blues, [   ] it kind of changes from song to song, whatever I'm listening to or feeling  Sometimes it's really country, sometimes it's soulful, sometimes it's, like, wrist-slitting folk music; sad songs " She cited Etta James, Aretha Franklin, Al Green, Otis Redding, Hank Williams, Johnny Cash and AC/DC as her musical influences 

Personal life
King started dating Andrew Ferguson in January 2016  The couple met in a hotel lobby in London and were engaged 12 days later on a sailing trip around the San Francisco Bay  They married on February 14, 2016, and confirmed their intent to divorce on May 15, 2017  On April 23, 2017, Ferguson was arrested and charged with felony domestic violence after allegedly grabbing King by the throat and threatening to kill her, though this charge was later dropped  King and Ferguson briefly reconciled in late 2017 On October 9, 2020, King and tattoo artist Dan Tooker became engaged when simultaneously proposing to each other on their first anniversary of dating  Five months later, it was revealed she was pregnant with their first child  On September 1, 2021, she gave birth to a son named Lucky  The couple broke up in 2023 
King has several tattoos, and worked at a tattoo company called East Side Ink 

Discography
Studio albums

Love Stuff (2015)
Shake the Spirit (2018)
Come Get Your Wife (2023)

Filmography
Concert tours
Headlining
Love Stuff Tour (2015)
Shake The Spirit Tour (2019)
A-FREAKIN-MEN Tour (2022)

Opening act
Dashboard Confessional – The Swiss Army Romance (2010)
Of Monsters and Men – My Head Is an Animal Tour (2011)
Train – California 37 Tour (2012)
Michael Kiwanuka – Home Again Tour (2012)
Dropkick Murphys – Signed and Sealed in Blood Tour (2013)
Ed Sheeran – + Tour (2013)
Dry the River – Alarms in the Heart Tour (2014)
James Bay – Chaos and the Calm Tour (2015)
Modest Mouse – Strangers to Ourselves Tour (2015)
Maroon 5 – Maroon V Tour (2016)
Dixie Chicks – DCX MMXVI World Tour (2016)
Miranda Lambert – Roadside Bars and Pink Guitars Tour (2019)
Joan Jett & Heart – Love Alive Tour (2019)
Chris Stapleton - Chris Stapleton's All-American Road Show (2022)

Awards and nominations
Passage 2:
Big Stan
Big Stan is a 2007 American prison comedy film starring, produced and directed by Rob Schneider in his directorial debut with help from his company From Out of Nowhere Productions while the rest of the cast consisting of Jennifer Morrison, Scott Wilson, Henry Gibson, Richard Kind, Sally Kirkland, Jackson Rathbone, M  Emmet Walsh, Dan Haggerty and David Carradine  It tells the story of a real estate con artist who gets sentenced to three years in prison and spends the six months before it getting trained to survive in prison by a martial arts guru  This film was Gibson's final role before his death in 2009 
Although released in some markets during the fall of 2008, it was released straight to DVD in the U S  on March 24, 2009  It debuted at number 17 on the DVD rental charts of March 23–30, 2009 

Plot
Stan Minton (Rob Schneider) is a wealthy real estate con artist, married to Mindy (Jennifer Morrison)  One day, he is arrested for conning elderly people out of their savings  His lawyer Mal (Richard Kind) defends him at the trial presided over by Judge Perry (Richard Riehle) as the forewoman (Sally Kirkland) finds him guilty where the sentencing will be tomorrow 
While talking with Stan, Mal refuses to bribe Judge Perry since he does not practice that kind of law and states to Stan that any shyster on the street would do it for him  Inspired by the bench advertisement outside, Stan fires Mal from the case and hires Lew Popper (M  Emmet Walsh) as a replacement for the sentencing  Judge Perry sentences Stan to 3 years at the Oakfield Correctional Facility while giving him 6 months by Judge Perry to "reorganize the charity" Stan established to teach music to mentally disabled children 
As he can't go on a permanent vacation to Brazil on Lew's advice due to his assets being frozen, Stan gets drunk and visits a biker bar where he has the fear of jailhouse rape instilled in him by a biker ex con (Dan Haggerty) that strains his marriage to Mindy  This leads him to hire the mysterious guru known as "The Master" (David Carradine) who helps transform him into a Martial Arts expert 
During his incarceration, Stan befriends an elderly inmate named Larry (Henry Gibson) who is serving a life sentence for murdering his partner  Stan also befriends a sympathetic prison guard named Bullard (Kevin Gage) and learns more about the cliques and gang activities formed inside the prison  He then uses his new-found skills to bring peace and harmony to the prison yard by intimidating his fellow inmates like Big Raymond (Bob Sapp) into preventing them from harming each other  With this, peace is restored in at Verlaine State Correctional Facility and Stan gains their respect, eventually becoming their leader 
However, the corrupt warden Gasque (Scott Wilson) has plans to force its closure with a riot and sell off the property as valuable real estate  Stan helps him with the real estate aspects in exchange for early parole  However, his peacemaking efforts threaten the warden's plan for a riot and he is persuaded to bring back violence 
In a last minute attack of conscience, he deliberately blows the parole hearing to rush back and prevent the deaths of his fellow inmates only to discover that his message of peace has sunk in and the prisoners are dancing instead of fighting  Warden Gasque orders the guards to open fire on the dancing men  When they refuse, he grabs a gun in front of the Board of Governors and shoots wildly  Warden Gasque attempts to shoot Stan, but he is stopped by Mindy and the Master, who had sneaked in  Stan was surprised that the Master had trained Mindy during his incarceration when he thought they were having an affair during an earlier Conjugal 
Three years later, Stan leaves the prison where Bullard had been sworn in as the new warden of Verlaine State Correctional Facility  Gasque becomes the new inmate following his arrest for his illegal activities as Big Raymond intimidates him to say goodbye to Stan  Lew is also an inmate after he had foreseen that he would be arrested for having slept with a member of the jury and for being a corrupted lawyer  Stan is met by his wife, his young daughter Mindy Jr , and the Master outside the prison  While the Master has become Mindy Jr 's nanny, Stan is annoyed that he has been smoking near her 

Cast
Rob Schneider as "Big" Stan Minton, a rich real estate con artist 
Jennifer Morrison as Mindy Minton, Stan's wife 
Scott Wilson as Francis Gasque, the corrupt prison warden of Verlaine State Correctional Facility who seeks to get the prison closed down so that he can sell the land 
Henry Gibson as Larry / "Shorts", an inmate that Stan befriends who is serving a life sentence for killing his partner 
Richard Kind as Mal, Stan's lawyer 
Sally Kirkland as Madame Foreman, a jury member that finds Stan guilty 
Jackson Rathbone as Robbie, an inmate who is a hippie and former drug dealer 
M  Emmet Walsh as Lew Popper, a shyster that Stan replaces Mal with during his trial 
David Carradine as The Master, a martial arts guru that trains Stan to survive prison 
Marcelo Ortega as Big Haa, an inmate 
Marcia Wallace as Alma
Diego Corrales as Julio
Randy Couture as Carnahan
Don Frye as Nation Member
Brandon Molale as Guard Piken
Lil Rob as Inmate
Brandon T  Jackson as Deshawn, an inmate 
Olivia Munn as Maria, a secretary 
Barbara Dodd as Mrs  Darby, an old lady that Stan tried to con 
Richard Riehle as Judge Perry, a judge that presides over Stan's trial 
Kevin Gage as Bullard, a sympathetic prison guard 
Dan Inosanto as Prison Chef
Bob Sapp as Big Raymond, a tough inmate 
Tsuyoshi Abe as Dang, a Vietnamese Mafia member and one of the Master's students 
Ahman Green as Lee Otis, a former bank robber and inmate 
Salvator Xuereb as Patterson, the leader of the Nazi Prison Gang 
Buddy Lewis as Cleon, the leader of the Black Prison Gang 
Peter Vasquez as Juanito, the leader of the Mexican Prison Gang 
Megan Cavanagh as a Parole Board member 
Dan Haggerty as an ex-con who is gay
Faith Womack as Mindy Jr , Stan and Mindy's daughter 
Andrew Bernhard as InmateRob Schneider's mother Pilar cameos as one of the Board of Governors  Wes Takahashi, former animator and visual effects supervisor for Industrial Light & Magic, makes a cameo appearance as a bartender 

Production
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 11% based on reviews from 9 critics (1 positive, 8 negative), with an average rating of 3 00/10 Julie Rigg of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation was highly critical of the rape-based humor, and concluded " I wasted two valuable hours of my life on Big Stan—don't make the same mistake " Writing for The Sydney Morning Herald, Paul Byrnes asked "If there's been a clumsier, dumber, more casually put together collection of badly timed gags, racial stereotypes and lazy performances this year, I have yet to see it   How could [Schneider] be in so many movies over a 20-year career and learn so little about making a movie?" Brian Orndorf of DVDTalk com called it "a forgettable, unfunny waste of time"  He criticized the "unrelenting" repetition of rape jokes, but believed that Schneider acted the character's fear of rape convincingly MovieHole rated it 3 5 out of 5 and called it Schneider's best film since The Hot Chick 
Passage 3:
John Schneider (producer)
John Steven Schneider (born April 23, 1962) is an American film, television and multi-media producer and artists' manager based in Los Angeles, California  The Pacifica, California, native made his first forays into show business when he took on the position of personal manager for his younger brother, comedian and actor Rob Schneider, and subsequently managed the San Francisco area rock band Head On  Eventually, John transitioned into producing movies such as The Hot Chick and Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, alongside executive producers Adam Sandler and Jack Giarraputo 
John was the executive producer of Rob, a situation comedy starring Rob Schneider, which aired on the CBS television network in 2012, and co-produced the Academy Award-nominated 2012 feature film Hitchcock  He also serves as the personal manager of comedian, talk-show host and actor Tom Green, and creative consultant for Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst  Schneider produced Tom Green Live—the weekly talk show hosted by Green on entrepreneur/media mogul Mark Cuban's AXS TV channel—and is currently engaged in program development for CBS-TV, Showtime and The CW networks in conjunction with The Tannenbaum Company  In addition to his various production and management credits, John previously owned and operated the San Francisco nightclub DNA Lounge, and, at the age of 23, was elected to the Pacifica, California school board  He now resides in the Los Angeles area with his wife and three daughters 

Filmography
On the Road with Tom Green (TV special) (2015) - executive producer
Tom Green Live (2013) - executive producer
Hitchcock (2012) - co-producer
Rob (TV series) (2012) - executive producer
The Chosen One (2010) - producer
American Virgin (2009) - executive producer
Big Stan (2007) - producer
Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo (2005) - producer
The Hot Chick (2002) - producer
The Animal (2001) - co-producer
Passage 4:
Sarah Price (filmmaker)
Sarah Price (born 1970) is an American filmmaker, director and producer known for the feature documentary American Movie (1999 Winner of the Grand Jury Prize for Documentary at the Sundance Film Festival, released by Sony Pictures Classics) Price is a member of the Directors Guild of America 

Early life
Price spent the first five years of her life in London, England, her early school years in the American Midwest and East Coast, and later attended high school at the International Schools in Frankfurt, Germany and Nairobi, Kenya   Price was educated at the University of Iowa 

Career
She directed Caesar's Park (2001 SXSW Int'l Film Fest, Sundance Channel), The Yes Men (2003 Toronto Int'l Film Festival, released by United Artist/MGM), and Summercamp! (2006 Toronto Int'l Film Fest, Sundance Channel)  Price was also a cinematographer on The Yes Men Fix the World (2009 Sundance Film Fest/HBO), and a Co-Producer of Youssou N’dour: I Bring What I Love (2008 Toronto Int’l Fest)   In 2009, she expanded into commercial directing and is represented by Independent Media Inc   Sarah further expanded into episodic television in 2014, directing The Carrie Diaries for Warner Brothers 
In 2016, Sarah Price's documentary film "L7: Pretend We're Dead" was first screened   Price describes hearing a song by L7 while working as a DJ at her college radio station as the seed of her curiosity and interest in the group   The film was nominated for the Jury Prize at the 2017 Hollywood Film Festival and for the Indiemusic Schweppes Award at the IndieLisboa International Independent Film Festival in 2018   "L7: Pretend We're Dead" won the Jury Prize at the Bordeaux Rock - Musical Ecran in 2018 
Passage 5:
Registered Offender
Registered Offender is the debut comedy album by actor and stand-up comedian Rob Schneider   Released in July 2010 by Oglio Records, it contains a mixture of sketches and songs, with all voices performed by Schneider   The content is adult in nature and features various scatological references   The album was recorded at various times and locations during 2007–2009   A 7" vinyl single of the musical track "She's Gonna Come" b/w "Swain the Legend" was released simultaneously with the CD version of the album 

Background
"She's Gonna Come" features Schneider backed by a studio ensemble dubbed the Fabulous Dunderheads - which consists of members of the San Diego, CA-based alternative rock band The Night Marchers, led by former Rocket from the Crypt singer/guitarist John Reis 

Track listing
What I Want
Iraq Love
Yoko and Julian
She's Gonna Come
Swain the Legend
Virtual Kidnappers
Car Wash
The Perfect S--t
Agent for Porn Stars
Sex Offenders
The Liar Corp 
Welcome to the Jungle
Sea of J--z
Mom and Dad Party
Graduation Speech
Hidden Bonus Track
Passage 6:
Real Rob
Real Rob (stylized onscreen as REⱯL ROB) is an American streaming television sitcom created by Rob Schneider  It premiered on December 1, 2015, on Netflix, and follows the everyday life of Schneider, including his real-life wife Patricia and daughter Miranda  On July 27, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on September 29, 2017 

Cast
Main
Rob Schneider as himself
Patricia Schneider as herself, Rob's wife who is of Mexican descent and younger than he is 
Jamie Lissow as himself, Rob's incompetent assistant 
Miranda Scarlett Schneider as herself, introduced in the series as the 11-month-old daughter of Rob and Patricia 

Co-Starring
Max Amini as Stalker, a guy who watches Rob's every move 
Andrei Aldochine as Udo, a male stripper whom Patricia hires as their nanny 
Adam Korson as Andy, Rob's agent 

Also Starring
Kym Jackson as Margaret, Jamie's girlfriend who works at a marijuana store 
Keith Stubbs as Rob's Accountant The series guest stars David Spade, Norm Macdonald, Adam Sandler, Michael Madsen, Danny Trejo, and George Lopez 

Episodes
Episodes were directed by Rob Schneider and written by Rob Schneider, Patricia Schneider and Jamie Lissow 

Season 1 (2015)
Season 2 (2017)
Reception
"Real Rob" was met with a largely negative response from critics  The show held a score of 36 on Metacritic based on 5 critic reviews, and a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 critic reviews On February 20, 2016, Internet personality Arin Hanson voiced his frustrations regarding Real Rob on his daily Let's Play webseries Game Grumps  Hanson felt the show's main issue was that Schneider's character was both unlikable and unrelatable, going as far as to say that "it's a show with no demographic " While Hanson's overall feelings toward the show were negative, he stated that he felt compelled to keep watching and also praised the performance of Patricia Schneider, citing her as a legitimately funny presence  Schneider eventually saw Hanson's rant and later appeared as a special guest on the show along with Patricia on May 16, 2016 
Passage 7:
Rob Schneider
Robert Michael Schneider (; born October 31, 1963) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, screenwriter, producer, and director  After several years performing stand-up comedy, Schneider found wider success during his tenure as a cast member and writer for the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 1988 to 1994  Following his departure from SNL, he went on to a career in feature films, including starring roles in the comedy films Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo (1999) and its 2005 sequel, The Animal (2001), The Hot Chick (2002), The Benchwarmers (2006), and Big Stan (2007)  Schneider is the father of singer Elle King 

Early life
Schneider was born in San Francisco, California on Halloween Day in 1963, and grew up in the nearby suburb of Pacifica  His parents were Pilar (née Monroe), a former kindergarten teacher and ex-school board president, and Marvin Schneider, a real estate broker  His father was Jewish and his mother was Catholic  Schneider's maternal grandmother was a Filipina who met and married his grandfather, a white American army private, while he was stationed in the Philippines  His mixed background has been a common theme throughout his career  Schneider graduated from Terra Nova High School in 1982 and then attended San Francisco State University  His older brother, John, is a producer 

Career
Early career
Schneider made his debut appearance on television in 1987, on HBO's 13th Annual Young Comedians special, which was hosted by comedian Dennis Miller 

Saturday Night Live
Schneider was part of the comedy team at NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live (From 1990 to 1994 at SNL), he played such roles as "Tiny Elvis", "Orgasm Guy", Richard Laymer, the office worker beside the photocopier, who addressed each of his fellow employees with an endless stream of annoying gossip  Schneider is featured in the video release The Bad Boys of Saturday Night Live, along with colleagues Adam Sandler, Chris Rock, David Spade, and Chris Farley 

Recurring SNL characters
The Richmeister, an office worker who annoys people by giving them nicknames as they make copies 
Carlo, from the Il Cantore Restaurant sketches
The Sensitive Naked Man, a nude man who gives advice to other characters

Feature films, sitcoms, and endorsements
After leaving SNL, Schneider played supporting roles in a series of movies including Surf Ninjas, Judge Dredd, The Beverly Hillbillies, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, Demolition Man, and Down Periscope  He also appeared in a recurring part on the television series Coach  In 1996, he co-starred in the NBC sitcom Men Behaving Badly, an American take on the hit British series of the same name  The U S  version ran for two seasons 
Schneider starred in the 1999 feature film Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, a tale of a fish-tank cleaner who incurs a massive debt and is forced to become a "man-whore " This was followed by The Animal, about a man given animal powers by a mad scientist; The Hot Chick, wherein the body of a petty thief named Clive Maxtone (played by Schneider) is mystically switched with the body of a pretty, but mean-spirited high school cheerleader named Jessica Spencer (played by Rachel McAdams in her film debut); and the sequel Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo  The latter movie was not well received by critics or moviegoers, and as a result, Schneider won a 2005 Worst Actor Razzie Award for his role in the film In 2006, Schneider co-starred in the baseball-themed family comedy The Benchwarmers, along with his fellow SNL alumnus David Spade as well as Jon Heder  Other film roles include Schneider's appearance with Jim Henson's Muppets in the 1999 film Muppets from Space, and his role as a San Francisco hobo in the 2004 remake of Around the World in 80 Days 
Schneider's directorial debut, the comedy Big Stan, was released in some overseas markets during the fall of 2008, with a U S  release in early 2009  In the film, he starred as a real estate con artist who is arrested for perpetrating real-estate scams  He is sentenced to prison, so he takes a crash-course in martial arts to survive incarceration 
Schneider has also appeared in numerous comedies starring his SNL comrade Adam Sandler, including 1998's The Waterboy, 2010's Grown Ups, and 2020's Hubie Halloween  The comedic characters Schneider plays in these films include an overly enthusiastic Cajun man who proclaims the catch-phrase, "You can do it!"; an amiable Middle Eastern delivery boy; a prison inmate; and Sandler's one-eyed Hawaiian sidekick, Ula  Schneider has uttered the line "You can do it!" as a running gag in Sandler's films The Waterboy, Little Nicky, 50 First Dates, The Longest Yard, and Bedtime Stories, as well as in a deleted scene from Click (a sample of Schneider saying the phrase also turns up in the song "Original Prankster" by The Offspring)  Returning the favor, Sandler appeared in a cameo to spout the same line in Schneider's The Animal  Schneider narrated Sandler's 2002 animated movie Eight Crazy Nights, and voiced the part of a Chinese waiter  Schneider also had an uncredited cameo as a Canadian-Japanese wedding-chapel minister in the 2007 Sandler-Kevin James comedy I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry, and played a Palestinian cab driver who serves as the title character's nemesis in the 2008 Sandler film You Don't Mess with the Zohan 
Schneider played a variety of roles in the 2005 television special Back to Norm, starring another former SNL player Norm Macdonald, and appeared on episodes of the popular television shows Seinfeld and Ally McBeal  Schneider hosted the Sports Illustrated: Swimsuit '97 TV special, and the 2005 Teen Choice Awards, and was a frequent guest on NBC's late-night variety program The Tonight Show with Jay Leno  In Schneider's appearance with Leno on the July 24, 2007 episode of The Tonight Show, he showed up in drag as actress Lindsay Lohan after the latter cancelled following a controversial arrest for driving under the influence Besides his efforts in movies and television, Schneider released his first comedy album Registered Offender in July 2010  Registered Offender is composed of audio sketches and songs, with Schneider himself doing all of the character voices on the recording  He also revived his stand-up comedy career in 2010 with an international tour of theaters, clubs, and casinos Schneider appeared in the music video for country singer Neal McCoy's "Billy's Got His Beer Goggles On", as the song's title character  McCoy and Schneider met while the two went on a USO tour in support of U S  troops two months after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon 
Schneider starred as the title character in the CBS sitcom Rob, which was loosely based on his real life  The series was canceled by CBS in May 2012   In 2015, he produced, directed and starred in Real Rob, a sitcom that follows his life and includes his real-life wife Patricia and daughter Miranda  Netflix released a season of 8 episodes, and a second season in 2017 Schneider is the official celebrity spokesperson for the Taiwan Tourism Bureau and the Ten Ren Tea company in Taipei Schneider was spokesperson for State Farm Insurance, but was dropped in 2014 due to his anti-vaccination views In May 2016, Schneider was featured as a special guest on the Let's Play webseries Game Grumps, alongside his wife Patricia, commentating over Midway's Mortal Kombat Trilogy  They reappeared on the show in November 2017, then commentating over Konami's Contra 
In 2021, Schneider competed on season six of The Masked Singer as the wild card contestant "Hamster"  A running gag is that "Hamster" would pantomime urinating on Nick Cannon and get affectionate with him  When unmasked on the fifth week, Schneider dedicated his performance of Luis Miguel's Sabor a Mí to Patricia and his daughters Miranda, Madeline, and Elle  In addition, Schneider did a variation of his Townie character's "You can do it" line by quoting Hamster's final words "You can do it Masked Singer, all night long!"
In 2022, he starred, produced, and directed in Daddy Daughter Trip, which served as his third film as a director and also starred his wife Patricia and daughter Miranda  The film will be exclusively shown in Harkins Theaters 

Personal life
Schneider has a daughter with former model London King, musician Elle King, who was born in 1989  On September 1, 2021, King gave birth to a son named Lucky, Schneider's first grandchild In 1996, Schneider established the Rob Schneider Music Foundation  The foundation returned music education to Pacifica's elementary schools by paying the teachers' salaries and providing funds for instruments and other equipment  Prior to Schneider's efforts, the school system did not have music education programs for many years Schneider once co-owned the DNA Lounge, a San Francisco nightclub On April 23, 2011, Schneider married television producer Patricia Azarcoya Arce, in Beverly Hills, California  Their first child, Miranda Scarlett Schneider, was born in 2012  The couple had their second daughter, Madeline Robbie Schneider, in September 2016  The family supports Mexican soccer club Tigres, which is based in Patricia's hometown of Monterrey 

Political views and positions
In 2013, Schneider switched political parties from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party, explaining: "The state of California is a mess, and the super majority of Democrats is not working  I've been a lifelong Democrat and I have to switch over because it no longer serves the people of this great state "That same year, Schneider endorsed Republican Assemblyman Tim Donnelly for governor in the election the following year In an interview on Larry King Now in 2017, Schneider said he was an independent but leaned more conservative 

Anti-vaccination activism
Schneider has been an outspoken critic of childhood vaccinations  In an interview with News10 in Sacramento, Schneider opined that "The efficacy of these shots have not been proven     And the toxicity of these things – we're having more and more side effects  We're having more and more autism " Schneider's statements have been discredited as lacking any factual basis  He also views the actions from the state to mandate vaccinations as government overreach Schneider has actively opposed the passage of two California laws, California Assembly Bill 2109 and California Senate Bill 277, which both intended to make childhood vaccination exemptions harder to obtain  On September 28, 2012, Schneider and California State Assemblyman Tim Donnelly spoke at the "Medical Freedom Rally", where they urged California Governor Jerry Brown to veto Assembly Bill 2109, which would have made it more difficult for parents to utilize philosophical reasons for exemptions from mandatory childhood vaccinations  While the bill was not vetoed, Governor Brown added a signing message instructing the Department of Health to add a religious exemption and to make sure the process is not overly burdensome to parents In 2015, Schneider fought against California Senate Bill 277, which removed exemptions to mandatory vaccinations due to personal beliefs, even leaving a phone message to California state Assemblywoman and bill co-author Lorena Gonzalez saying that he would spend money against her in her next re-election  Gonzalez, in an interview with The Washington Times, said that she found the message to be disturbing, but upon calling back, she said, "he was actually much nicer to me, but let's be honest … that is 20 mins of my life I'll never get back arguing that vaccines don't cause autism with Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo  #vaccinateyourkids "

Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Passage 8:
Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo
Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo is a 1999 American sex comedy film directed by Mike Mitchell and written by Harris Goldberg and Rob Schneider  The film stars Schneider in the title role, with William Forsythe, Eddie Griffin, and Arija Bareikis in supporting roles  The film tells the story of a hapless fishtank cleaner who goes into business as a male prostitute in an attempt to earn enough money to repair damage he caused while house-sitting  The film is notable for being the first film produced by Happy Madison Productions 
Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo was released in the United States on December 10, 1999, by Buena Vista Pictures  While the film received generally negative reviews from critics, it was a box office success, grossing over $92 million worldwide against a $17 million budget A sequel, titled Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo, was released in August 2005 by Sony Pictures Releasing 

Plot
Deuce Bigalow, an insecure fishtank cleaner, is fired for cleaning the tank at a public aquarium while naked  Deuce is unsuccessful in attracting women, so he attempts to keep himself busy at work  On a house call, he meets the Argentinian male prostitute Antoine Laconte  Antoine is going on a business trip, and so asks Deuce to care for his sick lionfish and protect his home while he is away  Deuce accidentally sets Antoine's kitchen on fire when trying to make a grilled cheese sandwich in the toaster, and breaks an expensive fish tank, causing a lot of water damage 
Fearing Antoine will kill him (Antoine even tells him he will if he messes the place up), Deuce is forced to find a way to pay $6,000 for the damage  Low-rent pimp T J  Hicks offers to help Deuce make enough money to buy a new fish tank, and convinces Deuce to take over the absent Antoine's role as a gigolo  Deuce decides to make the clients feel better about themselves since he only desires to have sex with beautiful women 
Deuce meets unusual clients but he still manages to get along with them, despite there being no sex involved, by helping them with certain issues in their lives  The clients include Carol, a woman who is severely narcoleptic; Ruth, who has Tourette syndrome with coprolalia, and therefore is afraid of socializing; Fluisa, a mannish obese woman weighing close to 750 pounds; and Tina, a woman that has a pituitary gland disorder and is extremely tall  Deuce's list of clients gradually increases, with each client being satisfied by much more fulfilling measures due to his personal attention and friendship  However, Deuce falls in love with one of his clients, Kate, who has a prosthetic leg  She later breaks up with Deuce when she finds out that he was a prostitute hired by her friends 
Meanwhile, Deuce is being stalked by Detective Chuck Fowler, who demands Antoine's "black book" of clients and threatens to take Deuce to jail if he does not comply  Deuce eventually helps Fowler please his wife by stripping and erotically dancing for her, and the two make amends  Deuce is still taken into custody on prostitution charges, as Fowler needs someone to bring in and Deuce refuses to betray his friend T J  At the hearing, it is revealed that Deuce never slept with any of the clients except for Kate  Since Deuce gave back the money to Kate and was not paid for sex with her, he is cleared of all charges 
Using the money he made, Deuce restores Antoine's fish tank, although due to time constraints, he is warned that the glass may not be installed properly  Unfortunately, Kate's blind roommate accidentally kills the prize fish in Antoine's aquarium when she starts the mixer in which the fish was being kept  Deuce buys a replacement fish and returns to Antoine's house just before he returns  Antoine taps the new aquarium and the glass shatters  Deuce then reveals his prostituting adventures to the furious Antoine  Enraged, Antoine tries to kill Deuce and at one point shoots a crossbow bolt at him  Fluisa shows up, comes between the two men, and saves Deuce's life (she is not killed because the bolt hits her breasts, between which she has hidden a roast chicken)  Antoine is then arrested by Detective Fowler and Deuce marries Kate 
The end sequences then follow  Deuce's father becomes a male prostitute  Fluisa underwent extensive liposuction and became a model in Victoria's Secret known as Naomi  Ruth opens up an all-girls school for people with Tourette's  Carol manages to fulfill her dream trip to France and dies falling off the Eiffel Tower  T J  starts his own reality show dedicated to his experiences as a male prostitute  An incarcerated Antoine marries Tina 

Cast
Production
Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo was the first film released by the Happy Madison Productions film production company  Adam Sandler served as the film's executive producer  Sandler also starred behind the scenes and can be heard yelling the infamous "Freak!' line and other various lines in the background 

Soundtrack
"Call Me" - Blondie
"Spill the Wine" - Eric Burdon and War
"You Sexy Thing" - Hot Chocolate
"Get Down Tonight" - KC and the Sunshine Band
"Let's Get It On" - Marvin Gaye
"I'm Not in Love" - 10cc
"Magnet and Steel" - Walter Egan
"No Worries" - Hepcat
"Can't Smile Without You" - Sean Beal
"Lift Me Up" - Jeff Lynne
"Call Me" - Emilia Maiello

Release
Box office
Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo opened theatrically on December 10, 1999 in 2,154 venues and earned $12,224,016 in its opening weekend, ranking third in the North American box office behind Toy Story 2's fourth weekend and fellow newcomer The Green Mile  The film ended its run, having grossed $65,538,755 in the United States and Canada, and $27,400,000 overseas for a worldwide total of $92,938,755  Based on a $17 million budget, the film was a box office success 

Critical reception
Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo received negative reviews from critics  On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 22% based on 76 reviews, with an average rating of 4 01/10  The site's consensus states: "According to critics, Deuce Bigalow is just too dumb and filled with old, tired gags " On Metacritic it has a score of 30 out of 100 based on reviews from 26 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews"  Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film one-and-a-half out of four stars, stating "It's the kind of picture those View n' Brew theaters were made for, as long as you don't View " Kendall Morgan from The Dallas Morning News writes in her review, "Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo makes There's Something About Mary look like Masterpiece Theatre "

Sequel
In 2005, a sequel, Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo, was released by Sony Pictures Releasing 
Passage 9:
Rob (TV series)
Rob (stylized as ¡Rob!) is an American sitcom television series that premiered on CBS on January 12, 2012, at 8:30 pm (ET) as a mid-season replacement for Rules of Engagement, and ended on March 1, 2012  The series stars Rob Schneider alongside Cheech Marin, Claudia Bassols, Diana Maria Riva, Eugenio Derbez, Ricky Rico, and Lupe Ontiveros  The show was produced by Two and a Half Men's The Tannenbaum Company and CBS Productions 
On May 13, 2012, CBS canceled the series after one season 

Synopsis
The series follows Rob (Rob Schneider), a former lifelong bachelor and landscape architect with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, who marries into a tight-knit Mexican American family and attempts to be closer to them, often ending in disastrous results despite his good intentions 

Cast and characters
Rob Schneider as Rob
Claudia Bassols as Maggie, Rob's much-younger wife
Cheech Marin as Fernando, Maggie's cynical father
Diana Maria Riva as Rosa, Maggie's wise cracking and sarcastic mother who sees through all of Fernando's ploys
Eugenio Derbez as Hector, Rosa's brother, Maggie's uncle, and the self-proclaimed "best friend" of Rob
Lupe Ontiveros as Abuelita, Fernando's mother and Maggie's grandmother

Production
The pilot first appeared on CBS's development slate in October 2010  On February 4, 2011, CBS placed a pilot order, written by Rob Schneider and Lew Morton, and directed by Jamie Widdoes  The series' executive producers were Schneider, Morton, and Kim and Eric Tannenbaum  The series then premiered January 12, 2012, and concluded on March 1, 2012, after eight episodes 

Episodes
U S  Nielsen ratings
International broadcast
In Canada, the series airs on Global and premiered on January 19, 2012, after The Office 

Reception
Reviews for Rob were generally unfavorable  Jace Lacob of The Daily Beast described it as CBS's "worst new show" and wrote of the first episode that "there isn’t a single Latin name among the writers or producers" and that it "offers a wafer-thin appreciation and awareness of Mexican culture, one that doesn’t go beyond guacamole and the occasional use of the Spanish endearment mija (my daughter) " Robert Bianco of USA Today wrote in his review that "Some of this barrage of stereotypes might be passable if even one character were intelligently written and skillfully played, but there's hardly a moment or performance in Rob that doesn't reek of the leftover and the second-rate" and that "Schneider's the only actor who even seems to be trying " In a more positive review, Glenn Garvin of The Miami Herald wrote in his review that the show is a "rather funny sitcom about the cultural collisions that occur every day in an increasingly blended America"  The show received a 28/100 rating on Metacritic 

Season ratings
Passage 10:
The Hot Chick
The Hot Chick is a 2002 American fantasy comedy film written and directed by Tom Brady, with additional writing by Rob Schneider  Schneider stars as Clive Maxtone, a middle-aged criminal who switches bodies with mean-spirited cheerleader Jessica Spencer, played by Rachel McAdams  Anna Faris stars as Jessica's best friend, April, and Matthew Lawrence plays Jessica's steady boyfriend  
Adam Sandler served as executive producer and has a small role in the film as the Mambuza Bongo Player, a character based on one played by Schneider in a Saturday Night Live sketch  Sisters Tia and Tamera Mowry and singers Ashlee Simpson, Angie Stone, and Michelle Branch also had small roles  Parts of the film were shot at Redondo Union High School and El Segundo High School  The film was a moderate box office success, but received negative reviews from critics who criticized the jokes and Schneider's performance 

Plot
In 50 BC, in an Abyssinian castle, the princess Nawa uses a pair of enchanted earrings to escape an arranged marriage by swapping bodies with a slave girl  When each woman wears one of the earrings, their bodies are magically swapped while their minds remain in place 
In her modern-day suburban home, Jessica Spencer is a beautiful but mean-spirited "hot chick"  Her closest friends are April, Keecia, and Lulu  April is Jessica's best friend, and all four girls are cheerleaders  At school one day, Jessica makes fun of an overweight girl named Hildenburg and a Wiccan girl named Eden  After that, she and her friends visit the local mall, where Jessica gets her rival Bianca into trouble and finds the earrings in an African-themed store  The earrings are not for sale, so Jessica steals them 
Shortly afterward, small-time criminal Clive Maxtone robs a nearby gas station  When Jessica and her friends stop there and mistake him for an employee, he services their car to avoid raising suspicion  She accidentally drops one of the earrings on the ground, the girls drive away, and Clive picks up the earring  That evening, in their respective homes, Jessica and Clive put on their earrings  When they wake up the next morning, each of them is trapped in the other's body  This is especially difficult for Jessica, who has a cheering competition and the school prom coming up soon 
After Jessica convinces her friends of who she is, they help her investigate the body swap  Hildenburg, Eden, and Bianca are all innocent, Hildenburg and Eden join Jessica after she apologizes to them, and Eden finds a picture of the earrings on the internet  When the girls return to the African store, the owner explains how the earrings work and tells the girls they must find the other earring soon or the change will become permanent 
Meanwhile, Jessica is hired for two jobs while secretly living with April  At her own home, where she works as a gardener, her parents tell her about their marital problems and she helps them rekindle their sex life  
At school, while cleaning the boys' locker room as a custodian, she spies on her boyfriend Billy, who truly loves her, and April's boyfriend Jake, who has been cheating on her  Faced with Jake's infidelity, April begins to fall in love with Jessica, who agrees to take her to the prom  
At the cheering competition, Jessica signals romantically to Billy while disguised as the school mascot, but when the head of her suit falls off, he becomes confused and leaves with Bianca  
Jessica goes to the prom with April and they kiss  Jake sees this and is so upset, he spills his drink on his date  April confesses to being in love with Jessica, who tells April she is perfect and doesn't need anybody  Jessica tries to win Billy back, telling Billy it's her in Clive's body, but he is so shocked and confused that he runs off  
During this time, Clive has been using Jessica's body to make money from men, including Billy, who gives him his money and car, believing he is Jessica  Clive then tries to run him over  On the evening of the prom, Hildenburg sees a video of Clive in Jessica's body robbing a man on the TV news, goes to the scene of the crime, and finds a business card for the club where Clive works as a pole dancer  She informs Jessica at the prom, and the girls go to the club  
When they find Clive, Jessica steals his earring and puts it on herself along with the other one  With both earrings now on the same person, Jessica's and Clive's bodies return to their original owners 
After Jessica makes up with Billy, the film ends with the school's graduation ceremony, followed by a scene in which Clive, running from the law and still dressed in lingerie and handcuffs, is picked up by a bartender who believes he is a homosexual  The bartender turns around slowly with a sinister smile on his face to look at Clive, and locks the doors  Clive screams in horror 

Cast
Wes Takahashi, former animator and visual effects supervisor for Industrial Light & Magic, makes a cameo appearance as a news reporter  Schneider's mother Pilar appears as a judge of the cheerleading contest 

Production
Filming took place at University High School in West Los Angeles  Speaking on the film, Schneider commented: "No man is a hundred-percent masculine and no woman is a hundred-percent feminine – we're all just somewhere on the scale there  So what I tried to do was just play it with an innocence and gentleness, and then find some physical keys to lock-in on "

Casting
Singers Ashlee Simpson and Michelle Branch each make their feature film debut with cameo roles 

Soundtrack
Release
The Hot Chick was originally rated R, but several scenes were edited out in order to receive the broader PG-13 rating  The R version was classified 12A in Britain, maintaining the same rating given to the PG-13 theatrical version 

Reception
Box office
The film opened at #5 at the U S  box office on the weekend of December 13–15, 2002, taking in US$7,401,146, averaging $3,338 across the 2,217 theatres where it was shown  It went on to earn a total worldwide gross of $54,639,553 

Critical response
The Hot Chick received negative reviews  On Rotten Tomatoes, the film had an approval rating of 21% based on reviews from 82 critics, with an average score of 3 90/10  The critical consensus read: "The Hot Chick's one-note concept gets stretched thin, and a lot of the jokes fall flat " On Metacritic, as of October 2020, the film had a score of 29 out 100 based on reviews from 22 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews"  Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade B+ on scale of A to F Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film two thumbs way down  Ebert gave the film half a star (out of a possible four), declaring, "The MPAA rates this PG-13  It is too vulgar for anyone under 13, and too dumb for anyone over 13 " Roeper panned the film saying "it's in color  And, it was mostly in focus "Dennis Harvey of Variety magazine wrote: "At best routinely assembled—at worst barely competent  The slapstick is labored, and the bigger setpieces flat "

Accolades
Rob Schneider was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Actor of the Decade for his performance in the film 

Home media
The Hot Chick was released May 13, 2003 on VHS and DVD  The DVD featured the deleted scenes that would have made the film an R, including an alternate ending 

See also
Freaky Friday  (1976)
Big (1988)
Body swaps in films
Context 2: Passage 1:
Yameen
Yameen is an American hip hop producer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States  His most recent album, "Diamond is Unfadable" was released in 2017 on Rumble Pack Records 

Light of Love / Sound of Fire
In 2010, Yameen released an anime music video for his single, “Light of Love” featuring singer, Lady Alma  The video was a production of Daisuke Nakayama's Realthing studio located in Shibuya, Tokyo and directed by Jamie Vickers (Studio 4°C, Madhouse) “Light of Love” was a vertical slice of an intended full-featured television pilot called “The Sound of Fire,” consisting of characters such as the titular Yameen, Meca, Ichi-go and more featured in the video 
The video ends with the cast of characters sitting atop the iconic Hieroglyphics music group 3-eyed logo, a clear nod to Yameen's history as "StinkE" with the group 

SupremeEx
The recording alias "SupremeEx" is generally reserved for collaborative concept albums between Yameen and Tajai of Souls of Mischief / Hieroglyphics In 1998, SupremeEx released the instrumental-only affair, Destructor on retail cassette which originally caught the ear of Tajai and also lead to collaborations with Bobbito's Footworks, Electronic Arts / EA Sports and Eckō Unltd  clothing, among others  SupremeEx & Tajai began recording what would become their first project together, Projecto: 2501 that same year In 1999, SupremeEx and Tajai released Projecto: 2501 as the first album on Tajai's fledgling Hieroglyphics Imperium sub-imprint, Clear Label Records  The critically acclaimed EP - applauded for its imaginative use of story telling elements such as included trading cards, Enhanced CD and web-delivered content - featured guest artists Shing02, Low Budget (Hollertronix), Jay Biz (Hieroglyphics), DJ Nozawa & Major Terror  Additional content was also included on the Enhanced CD including a bonus MP3, computer wallpaper, videos in the studio recording "Projecto" and more In 2005, Rumble Pack Records released an all-new full-length album from SupremeEx & Tajai entitled, Nuntype  Again, building on the story-telling aspects the duo established on, "Projecto" Nuntype is an album about Chaos, Prophecy and Change with Tajai as a deity who wields the power of Creation  Guest artist included R&B crooner, Goapele on the album's single, "Meaning" Although never established as an official labelmate, nor indicative of the classic "Hiero sound", Yameen's roots as Stinke — the creator and curator of Hieroglyphics com between 1995 and 2001 — offer him a curious niche in helping broaden the Hiero discography 

StinkE (Web Developer)
Yameen, under his nom de web "StinkE," designed and coded many popular hiphop websites and was featured as one of URB magazine's "Next 100" people to watch in April 2001  His work with the music group Hieroglpyhics proved particularly ground-breaking In 1995 when the individual group members of Hieroglyphics were each released from their respective major record labels, Yameen's fansite caught the attention of Souls of Mischief member Tajai who made the website the official online destination of Hieroglyphics  Hieroglyphics com was one of the first websites from any music artist and was featured heavily in popular media of the time  Yameen as the site's webmaster engaged directly with the group's fanbase, fostering a vibrant and active online community at a time when most people did not have access to personal computers or the internet  This community-driven aspect is what allowed the Hieroglyphics to continue to flourish as independent artists without the need of a major label In 2013, Oakland, California mayor Jean Quan recognized the efforts of Yameen and Hieroglyphics com as "a pioneering entity in technology and innovation and shining example of a local, homegrown business with worldwide appeal and recognition" while officially establishing September 3 as "Hiero Day" in the city of Oakland, CA Yameen also coded websites for artists such as Aesop Rock, The Giant Peach, Murs, Mr  Len & more 

Discography
Solo albums
Never Knows Best (2008)
Never Knows More (2009)
Never Knows Encore (2010)
Come On & Go Off (2014)

SupremeEx albums
Destructor (1998)
Projecto: 2501 (2000)
Nuntype (2005)
Nuntype: The Instrumentals (2006)

Other appearances
March Madness 2000 (Videogame) (1999)
Some of the Coolest Rappers   Ecko Clothing Compilation (2000)
Sleeping Giant, mixtape by Tajai (2003)
Pre-emptive Hype 3 5 HipHopSite

External links
Official Artist Website
Yameen Discogs
SupremeEx Artist Website
Nuntype Website
Projecto: 2501 Website
Hieroglyphics Website
SupremeEx Discogs
Interview
Passage 2:
Right Back at It Again
"Right Back at It Again" is the second track and the first single from A Day to Remember's fifth album, Common Courtesy (2013)  In October 20, 2015, the song was featured in Activision rhythm-music game, Guitar Hero Live 

Music and lyrics
Vocalist, Jeremy McKinnon wrote the lyrics, while the music was written by McKinnon, former guitarist Tom Denney, guitarist Neil Westfall and producer Andrew Wade  "Right Back at It Again" almost wasn't included on the album as it was one of the excess songs the band had recorded, "we realised that it sounded great, so on it went "

Release and reception
"Right Back at It Again" was announced on October 7, 2013 to be broadcast as part of BBC Radio 1's Rock Show the following midnight, with the band calling the song their "brand new single"  The song impacted radio on November 11  "Right Back at It Again" charted at number 33 on the Alternative Songs chart, and at number 40 on the Modern Rock chart in the U S  McKinnon, Westfall and guitarist Kevin Skaff performed a surprise acoustic show for Warped Tour 2013 UK on November 17, and another acoustic set, this time at Banquet Records the following day, both in London; band played "Right Back at It Again" on both occasions Tamsyn Wilce for Alter the Press! noted that the way "Right Back at it Again" follows on from opening track "City of Ocala" "continues the catchy hardcore beats" that is present in all of the band's albums  Rock Sound's Andy Ritchie called the song "unmistakably the 'All I Want' of 'Common Courtesy'"  A music video for the song was released on 19 December 2013 
The music video was nominated for Best Video at the Kerrang! Awards 

Track listing
Promotional CD"Right Back at It Again" (alternative edit)
"Right Back at It Again" (active rock edit)

Personnel
Personnel per digital booklet 

Chart positions
Passage 3:
Form 8-K
Form 8-K is a very broad form used to notify investors in United States public companies of specified events that may be important to shareholders or the United States Securities and Exchange Commission  This is one of the most common types of forms filed with the SEC  After a significant event like bankruptcy or departure of a CEO, a public company generally must file a Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days to provide an update to previously filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and/or Annual Reports on Form 10-K  Form 8-K is required to be filed by public companies with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended 

When Form 8-K is required
Form 8-K is used to notify investors of a current event  These types of events include:

signing, amending or terminating material definitive agreements not made in the ordinary course of business, bankruptcies or receiverships
mine shutdowns or violations of mine health and safety laws
consummation of a material asset acquisition or sale
results of operations and financial condition, creating certain financial obligations, such as incurrence of material debt
triggering events that accelerate material obligations (such as defaults on a loan)
costs associated with exit or disposal plans (layoffs, shutting down a plant, or material change in services or outlets)
material impairments
delisting from a securities exchange or failing to satisfy listing requirements
unregistered equity sales (private placements)
modifications to shareholder rights
change in accountants
determinations that previously issued financial statements cannot be relied upon
change in control
senior officer appointments and departures
director elections and departures
amendments to certificate/articles of incorporation or bylaws
changes in fiscal year
trading suspension under employee benefit plans
amendments or waivers of code of ethics
changes in shell company status
results of shareholder votes
disclosures applicable to issuers of asset-backed securities
disclosures necessary to comply with Regulation FD
other material events
certain financial statements and other exhibits Investors should always read any 8-K filings that are made by companies in which they are invested  These reports are often material to the company, and frequently contain information that will affect the share price 

Reading Form 8K
Typically an 8-K filing will only have two major parts: the name and description of the event and any exhibits that are relevant  The name and description of the event contains all the information that the company considers relevant to shareholders and the SEC  It is important to read this information, as it has been deemed "material" by the company  Any exhibits that are relevant may include financial statements, press releases, data tables, or other information that is referenced in the description of the event 

Form 8K Items
The 8-K items are defined in the following table 

Historical Form 8K Items
Prior to August 23, 2004, 8-K items were filed under different item numbers  Those historical items are displayed in the table below 
Passage 4:
Lotion play
Lotion play is a subset of the better known wet-and-messy fetish (WAM), which typically involves participants using food (such as pudding or whipped cream), mud, or paint as a lubricant to facilitate sexual activity   Lotion play uses lotion specifically for this purpose 
In Japan, lotion play (ローションプレイ, rōshon purei), also known as gookakke or gluekakke (a play on words from goo/glue and bukkake), is a popular fetish, a form of Japanese erotica and prostitution request involving the use of copious amounts of lubricant, which in the Japanese language is referred to by the French loanword "lotion" (ローション in Japanese)   Typically lotion play involves a participant rubbing lotion on another using their body, sexual intercourse in a pool or bath filled with lotion, or lotion being poured over the participants during sex 
Lotion is available in concentrated form, to be added to hot water   A one-gallon concentrate will typically yield 6-10 gallons of lotion (J-Lube Lotion Concentrate)   The main component in most lotion is polyacrylate  A similar effect can be achieved by dissolving powdered methyl cellulose in water 
Passage 5:
The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon
The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon is a 2008 action-adventure video game in the Spyro series  It is the third and final installment in The Legend of Spyro trilogy and the sequel to The Legend of Spyro: The Eternal Night (2007), marking the tenth anniversary of the game series  The game was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, and mobile 
Elijah Wood and Gary Oldman reprise their roles as Spyro and Ignitus, respectively, while Wayne Brady replaces Billy West as Sparx and Christina Ricci replaces Mae Whitman as Cynder from the previous game  It also features the voice talents of Blair Underwood as Hunter the Cheetah and Mark Hamill as Malefor, the Dark Master 
It is the end of the second Spyro continuity, with Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure (2011) serving as the second reboot of the franchise after Vivendi Games merged with video game publisher Activision to form the Activision Blizzard holding company on July 10, 2008 

Gameplay
This is the first Spyro game that allows a player to fly at any time they want (free-fly mode)  The game also features a co-op mode with Cynder  The co-op feature allows players to have the option of completing the game as either Spyro or Cynder, along with giving them the power to switch between Spyro and Cynder  In previous titles of the Legend of Spyro series, Spyro must travel through the level and defeat enemies in a linear fashion  However, this time players explore larger areas and collect items in order to progress through the game 
Spyro retains his command of fire, electricity, ice and earth (all of which he now has access to from the start), while Cynder controls poison, fear, wind and shadow  Powers, that were given to her, when she was controlled by the Dark Master  Cynder is faster, yet weaker than Spyro 
Along with the standard power-ups that gems can cause, Spyro and Cynder can both equip pieces of Dragon-armor, that they'd find  They also have another feature called melee combos  The more times, the player hits the enemy, the more blue Gems the players will earn  Blue Gems will power up Spyro and Cynder, allowing them to upgrade moves  Along with Blue Gems, there are also Red gems, which restore lost health  The green gems will give the dragons their magic, allowing to charge their element attacks  The Fury Gems, known from previous titles, have been replaced by dark crystals, that can drain magic, if they're not destroyed  The Fury-Meter now goes up, depending on the number of times, Spyro or Cynder score attacks on enemies  In addition to normal enemies, there are elite enemies, which are enemies, that are stronger than normal ones  Their masks give them invincibility to normal attacks  The player must use an element of a designated color, that matches the of the mask, in order to knock the mask off  Once kicked off, normal attacks and other elemental powers will be allowed 

Plot
The game's story continues three years after the events of The Legend of Spyro: The Eternal Night  Spyro and Cynder, now teenagers, are broken free of their crystalline prison by mysterious enemies known as Grublins  The two are tethered together with green energy chains created by the Dark Master before being carried away, while Sparx is found by Hunter of Avalar, who was watching them from the shadows  Meanwhile, Spyro and Cynder find themselves in a dark, volcano-like area  When they try to leave, they find out they can't as they are chained to the platform they awoke on  After defeating several waves of Grublins and avoiding an earth Golem that attacks them soon after, Spyro and Cynder manage to escape the Catacombs with the help of Hunter, who is with Sparx  After reaching safety in Twilight Falls, Hunter reveals to Spyro, Cynder, and Sparx that the Dark Master, Malefor, had returned to the realm shortly after the events of The Legend of Spyro: The Eternal Night and has covered the land in darkness ever since 

Once they reach the Dragon City of Warfang, Spyro, Cynder and Hunter are separated as the city is under siege by Malefor's forces  After a long and fierce battle that ends in the siege driven back, the Golem returns and uses parts of the city to create an arm to replace the one it lost in the Catacombs  Spyro and Cynder defeat the Golem by destroying the Dark Crystal in its head, allowing Spyro, Cynder, and the Dragon Guardians to finally reunite  The victory is short-lived, as later that night, Malefor sends the citizens of Warfang a message: he has revived the Destroyer, an ancient creature whose purpose is to renew the world by bringing about its destruction  As they will be unable to catch up with the beast if they fly after it, the Fire Dragon Guardian Ignitus (the leader of the Dragon Guardians) hatches a plan to wait for it to circle back and attack before it can complete its circle  Passing underground is the only way to intercept it in time  Cynder and Spyro are able to open the gates to the underground Ruins of Warfang, which leads the attack forces to the canyon where the Destroyer will complete the Ring of Annihilation by destroying a nearby dam  They stall the Destroyer long enough to destroy its Dark Crystal heart  Despite this, the Destroyer manages to complete the Belt of Fire, and Ignitus orders everyone underground as he escorts Spyro and Cynder through the Belt of Fire  To get them to the Burned Lands, which will lead them to Malefor's lair, Ignitus sacrifices himself in the crossing  Overcome with grief, Spyro turns into his dark form and tries to go back and save him (which also threatens to harm Cynder with levitating rocks) but is stopped and comforted by Cynder  Cynder tells Spyro he's not alone and encourages him to continue the journey, as Ignitus wanted them to  
After getting through the Burned Lands and the Floating Islands, Spyro and Cynder arrive at Malefor's lair and confront him  Malefor taunts Spyro by telling him that the destiny of all purple dragons is to bring about the world's destruction, which Spyro denies  During the confrontation, the evil dragon gets rid of the green chain that tethered Spyro and Cynder together throughout their trials, then corrupts Cynder back to his cause; Cynder attacks Spyro, only to break free from Malefor's control when Spyro refuses to fight, stating that Cynder has left him nothing to fight for  Angered by this turn of events, Malefor binds Spyro and Cynder together once again to kill them both before beginning their airborne battle  As Spyro and Cynder fly after Malefor, the Destroyer completes its circle, marking the world's end  The three dragons fall into the volcano The Destroyer had entered, and after fighting with Malefor, Spyro and Cynder plummet into the center of the earth as they continue their battle  Malefor proclaims that he is eternal, unable to be defeated, but is then sealed away in the world's core by the spirits of the ancestors, and the green chain disappears soon after 
Despite Malefor's defeat, the world is still falling apart, as Spyro and Cynder wonder if this is indeed the end  Ignitus' spirit returns and gives Spyro hope  With the chain that bound them together broken with Malefor's defeat, Spyro tells Cynder to flee while he stops the catastrophe, but she refuses to leave him  As Spyro prepares to unleash a powerful Fury wave, Cynder verbally reveals that she loves him  Spyro's magic rebuilds the world, and the remaining Dragon Guardians, Hunter, Sparx, and the survivors emerge from underground into the setting sun as stars in the sky form into the figure of a dragon 
After the credits, the Chronicler speaks to someone that a new age is beginning, and with each new age, a worthy dragon is chosen to record the triumphs and failures of that era  His time is over, but the time of the new chronicler, Ignitus, has just begun  Before passing his mantle, the Chronicler informs Ignitus that though he has tried his best, he cannot find "any trace of Spyro" in the book that details dragons who have died  As Ignitus becomes the new Chronicler, he wonders where Spyro could be  Meanwhile, as the game closes, a glimpse of Spyro and Cynder can be seen flying together over the Valley of Avalar 

Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews on all platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic 

Notes
Passage 6:
Activision
Activision Publishing, Inc  is an American video game publisher based in Santa Monica, California  It serves as the publishing business for its parent company, Activision Blizzard, and consists of several subsidiary studios  Activision is one of the largest third-party video game publishers in the world and was the top United States publisher in 2016 The company was founded as Activision, Inc  on October 1, 1979 in Sunnyvale, California, by former Atari game developers upset at their treatment by Atari in order to develop their own games for the popular Atari 2600 home video game console  Activision was the first independent, third-party, console video game developer  The video game crash of 1983, in part created by too many new companies trying to follow in Activision's footsteps without the expertise of Activision's founders, hurt Activision's position in console games and forced the company to diversify into games for home computers, including the acquisition of Infocom  After a management shift, with CEO Jim Levy replaced by Bruce Davis, the company renamed itself to Mediagenic and branched out into business software applications  Mediagenic quickly fell into debt, and the company was bought for around US$500,000 by Bobby Kotick and a small group of investors around 1991 
Kotick drastically revamped and restructured the company to get it out of debt: dismissing most of its staff, moving the company to Los Angeles, and reverting to the Activision name  Building on existing assets, the Kotick-led Activision pursued more publishing opportunities and, after recovering from its former financial troubles, started acquiring numerous studios and various types of intellectual property over the 1990s and 2000s, among these being the Call of Duty and Guitar Hero series  A holding company was formed as Activision's parent company to manage both its internal and acquired studios  In 2008, this holding company merged with Vivendi Games (the parent company of Blizzard Entertainment) and formed Activision Blizzard, with Kotick as its CEO  Within this structure, Activision manages numerous third-party studios and publishes all games besides those created by Blizzard 

History
Founding (1979)
In 1976, Warner Communications bought Atari, Inc  from Nolan Bushnell to help accelerate the Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS or later the Atari 2600) to market by 1977  That same year, Atari began hiring programmers to create games for the system  Prior to Warner's acquisition, the company did not award bonus pay to programmers who worked on profitable games, nor credit the programmers publicly, to prevent them from being recruited by rival game companies  Warner Communication's management style was also different from Bushnell's  According to developer John Dunn, Warner management treated developers as engineers rather than creative staff, creating conflicts with staff  Atari's CEO Ray Kassar, named to that position following Warner's acquisition in 1978, was committed to keeping production costs minimal for Warner, according to David Crane, one of Atari's programmers In early 1979, Atari's marketing department circulated a memo listing the best-selling cartridges from the previous year to help guide game ideas  Crane noted that the games he was fully responsible for had brought in over $20 million for the company but he was still only receiving a $20,000 salary  Out of a development staff of thirty-five, four programmers (Crane, Larry Kaplan, Alan Miller and Bob Whitehead), had produced games that had accounted for 60% of Atari's sales Crane, Kaplan, Miller, and Whitehead became vocal about the lack of recognition within the company and became known as the "Gang of Four"  The group met with Kassar in May 1979 to demand that the company treat developers as record labels treated musicians, with royalties and their names on game boxes  Kaplan, who called the others "the best designers for the [2600] in the world", recalled that Kassar called the four men "towel designers" and claimed that "anybody can do a cartridge" The four made the decision to soon leave Atari and start their own business, but were not sure how to go about it  In 1979, the concept of third-party developers did not exist, as software for video game consoles were published exclusively by makers of the systems for which the games were designed; thus the common thinking was that to make console games, one needed to make a console first  The four decided to create their own independent game development company  They were directed by their attorney to Jim Levy, who was at the time raising venture capital to get into the software business for early home computers  Levy listened to their plans, agreed with its direction, and helped the four to secure about $1 million in capital from Sutter Hill Ventures  They also checked with legal counsel on their plans to develop games for the Atari VCS, and included litigation fees in their capital investment By August, Crane and Miller had left Atari, with Whitehead joining them shortly after  Kaplan had also quit Atari in August, but initially decided not to join as he did not like the starting business plan; he came back later to join Activision that December  Activision was formally founded on October 1, 1979, with Levy serving as CEO  The company was initially named "Computer Arts, Inc " while they considered a better title  The founders had thought of the name VSync, Inc , but feared that the public would not understand or know how to say it  Levy suggested combining "active" and "television" to come up with Activision 

Early years (1980–1982)
Activision began working out of Crane's garage in the latter half of 1979, each programmer developing their own game that was planned for release in mid-1980, Dragster, Fishing Derby, Checkers, and Boxing  The four's knowledge of the Atari 2600, as well as software tricks for the system, helped them make their own games visually distinct from Atari-produced games  To further distinguish themselves, Activision's boxes were brightly colored and featured an in-game screenshot on the back cover  Instruction manuals for games devoted at least one page to credit the developer  Additionally, for nearly all of Activision's games through 1983, the instruction manuals included instructions for sending the company a photograph of a player's high scores to receive a patch in return Ahead of the release of the first four games, Activision obtained space at the mid-year 1980 Consumer Electronics Show to showcase their titles, and quickly obtained favorable press  The attention afforded to Activision worried Atari, as the four's departure had already created a major dent in their development staff  Atari initially tried to tarnish Activision's reputation by using industry press at CES to label those that took trade secrets as "evil, terrible people", according to Crane, and then later threatened to refuse to sell Atari games to retailers that also carried these Activision titles  By the end of 1980, Atari filed a formal lawsuit against Activision to try to stop the company, claiming the four had stolen trade secrets and violated non-disclosure agreements  The lawsuit was settled by 1982, with Activision agreeing to pay royalties to Atari but otherwise legitimizing the third-party development model  In 2003, Activision's founders were given the Game Developers Choice "First Penguin" award, reflecting their being the first successful third-party developer in the video game industry Following the first round of releases, each of the founders developed their own titles, about once a year, over the first few years of the company  While their 1980 games were modest hits, one of the company's first successful games was Kaboom!, released in 1981, which was Activision's first game to sell over a million units  Activision's breakout title was 1982's Pitfall!, created by Crane  More than four million copies of the game were sold  Near the end of 1982, Kaplan left Activision to work on the development of the Amiga personal computer as he wanted to be more involved in hardware development Total sales for Activision were estimated at $157 million and revenues at $60 million ahead of its June 1983 initial public offering; at this point Activision had around 60 employees  Danny Goodman stated in Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games in 1983, "I doubt that there is an active [Atari 2600] owner who doesn't have at least one Activision cartridge in his library"  The company completed its public offering in June 1983 on NASDAQ under the stock ticker AVSN 

The video game market crash (1983–1988)
The success of Activision, alongside the popularity of the Atari 2600, led to many more home consoles third-party developers as well as other home consoles  Activision produced some of its Atari games for the Intellivision and ColecoVision consoles, among other platforms  However, several new third-party developers also arose, attempting to follow the approach Activision had used but without the experience they had; according to Crane, several of these companies were founded with venture capital and hired programmers with little game design experience off the street, mass-publishing whatever product the developers had made  This was a contributing factor to the video game crash of 1983 For Activision, while they survived the crash, they felt its effects in the following years  These third-party developers folded, leaving warehouses full of unsold games, which savvy retailers purchased and sold at a mass discount ($5 compared to Activision's $40 manufacturer's suggested retail price)  While there was still a demand for Activision games, uneducated consumers were more drawn to the heavily discounted titles instead, reducing their income  Their quarterly revenue dropped from $50 million in mid-1983 to about $6–7 million by the end of 1984, according to Levy, and were forced to lay off staff, going from about 400 employees to 95 in that period  Because of this, Activision decided that they needed to diversify their games onto home computers such as the Commodore 64, Apple, and Atari 8-bit family to avoid completely going out of business like other third-party developers  There still was a drain of talent through 1985 from the crash  Miller and Whitehead left in 1984 due to the large devaluation of their stock and went to form Accolade With the video game crash making console game development a risky proposition, the company focused on developing for home computers with games like Little Computer People and Hacker, while Levy tried to keep expenditures in check as they recovered  Looking to expand further, Activision acquired, through a corporate merger, the struggling text adventure pioneer Infocom in June 1986  This acquisition was spearheaded by Levy, who was a big fan of Infocom's titles and felt the company was in a similar position as Activision  About six months after the "Infocom Wedding", Activision's board decided to replace Levy with Bruce Davis  Davis was against the purchase of Infocom from the start and was heavy-handed in its management, and even attempted to seek a lawsuit to recover their purchase from Infocom's shareholders  Crane also found Davis difficult to work with and was concerned with how Davis managed the closure of Imagic, one of the third-party development studios formed in Activision's success in 1981  Crane left Activision in 1986 and helped Garry Kitchen found Absolute Entertainment 

Mediagenic (1988–1991)
In 1988, Activision began involvement in software besides video games, such as business applications  As a result, Activision changed its corporate name to Mediagenic to better represent all of its activities Mediagenic consisted of four groups:

Activision: video game publisher for various platforms, notably the Nintendo Entertainment System, Master System, Atari 7800, Atari ST, Commodore 64, and Amiga
Infocom: developer of interactive fiction games
Gamestar: initially an independent company but purchased by Activision in 1986  Specialized in sports video games
Ten Point O: business application softwareIn 1989, after several years of losses, Activision closed down the Infocom studios, extending to only 11 of the 26 employees an offer to relocate to Activision's Silicon Valley headquarters  Five of them accepted this offer Notably during this time, Mediagenic was known to have worked on the early version of a football game that would be the basis for Joe Montana Football  Sega of America's Michael Katz had been able to get Sega to pay Mediagenic around early 1990 to develop this into the branded version after securing the rights to Joe Montana's name, but was unaware of internal troubles that had been going on within the company, which had left the state of the game mostly unfinished  Katz and Sega were forced to take the incomplete game to Electronic Arts, which had been developing its own John Madden Football series for personal computers, to complete the game During this period Mediagenic, via Activision, secured the rights to distribute games from Cyan Worlds  The first game published by Activision from Cyan was The Manhole, on CD-ROM for personal computers, the first major game distributed in this format 

Purchase by Bobby Kotick (1991–1997)
Davis' management of Mediagenic failed to produce a profitable company; in 1991, Mediagenic reported a loss of $26 8 million on only $28
Context 3: Passage 1:
Cass Corridor
The Cass Corridor is the name of the neighborhoods on the west end of Midtown Detroit  It includes the Cass Park Historic District, the Cass-Davenport Historic District and Old Chinatown  The corridor's main street, Cass Avenue, runs parallel with M-1 (Woodward Avenue), a main Detroit artery running north toward New Center  Though Cass runs from Congress Street, ending a few miles farther north at West Grand Boulevard, the Cass Corridor generally is defined as between Interstate 75 (I-75) at its southern end and Interstate 94 (I-94) to the north, and stretches from Woodward to the east and to the west: John C  Lodge (M-10 service drive) north of Temple, and Grand River Avenue south of Temple 

History
Significant landmarks of the area include the Detroit Masonic Temple (the world's largest building of its kind), Cass Technical High School, and the Metropolitan Center for High Technology are all located along Cass  Little Caesars Arena, open since September 5, 2017, as the new home of the NHL's Detroit Red Wings and the NBA's Detroit Pistons, is on the west side of Woodward Avenue near I-75 
In the 1960s and '70s, the Cass Corridor became an area of cultural significance  Artists began renting cheap studio space in the Cass Corridor, which was near Detroit's Cultural Center Historic District  Artists associated with or influenced by the Cass Corridor artist movement include Brenda Goodman, Gary Grimshaw, Tyree Guyton, Charles McGee, Ann Mikolowski, Jim Pallas, Ellen Phelan, Gilda Snowden, Robert Wilbert, and Theo Wujcik In the 1970s, the Cass Corridor was a poor neighborhood known for drugs, prostitution and sex crimes against children  The area was of significance in the Oakland County Child Killer case Creem, which billed itself as "America's Only Rock 'n' Roll Magazine," had its headquarters in the area  The student population contributes to the bohemian atmosphere in Cass Corridor  The artistic community has produced a number of significant artists, including Sixto Rodriguez, Negative Approach and The White Stripes, who played their first show at the Gold Dollar 
Cass Corridor is also the location of the annual Dally in the Alley arts festival Since the 2000s, Joel Landy, president of the Cass Avenue Development construction company, has renovated and remodelled several buildings in the Cass Corridor  Landy was also featured in the television series American Pickers (season 3 episode "Motor City", September 19, 2011)  Since 1997, Avalon International Breads has been located in the Cass Corridor  In 2015, Jack White of the White Stripes, opened a retail store for his Record Label, Third Man Records at the Corner of Canfield and Cass From 2009, Dr  Alesia Montgomery of Michigan State University conducted a 5-year study visualizing a reinvented Detroit as a green city, with a particular emphasis on the Cass Corridor 

See also
Chinatown Detroit
List of places named for Lewis Cass
Passage 2:
Possessed (roller coaster)
Possessed is an Inverted Impulse launched roller coaster located at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in Allentown, Pennsylvania  Manufactured by Intamin and designed by Werner Stengel, the roller coaster originally debuted at Six Flags Ohio amusement park as Superman: Ultimate Escape on May 5, 2000  After Cedar Fair purchased the park and renamed it back to Geauga Lake in early 2004, the coaster was immediately renamed Steel Venom  The ride closed in 2006 and was moved to Dorney Park  It reopened in 2008 briefly under the name Voodoo, and was renamed Possessed for the 2009 season  The model is identical to five other impulse coaster installations at other amusement parks  A larger version called Wicked Twister was located at Cedar Point until its closure in September 2021 

History
Geauga Lake era (2000–2006)
The ride opened on May 5, 2000 at Six Flags Ohio as Superman: Ultimate Escape  It was based on the DC Comics character Superman  Following Cedar Fair's acquisition of the park in 2004, in which the original Geauga Lake name was reinstituted to the park, all Looney Tunes and DC Comics branding owned by Six Flags was removed  In the process, the coaster was renamed Steel Venom, while receiving a new logo with a black background featuring a silver and purple snake  Even though Cedar Fair removed any mentions of Superman from the ride, the original blue, red, and yellow color scheme remained intact The coaster was dismantled after the 2006 season and put into storage  At the end of the 2007 season, Cedar Fair announced the amusement park section of the park would close and the park would operate exclusively as Wildwater Kingdom  Many rides at the park were relocated to other parks in the Cedar Fair chain 

Dorney Park era (2007–present)
Steel Venom was relocated to Dorney Park, where it reopened as Voodoo several weeks into the 2008 season on May 17, 2008  Prior to opening at Dorney Park, it was repainted to its current color scheme, as shown in the picture above, the supports were repainted teal and the track was repainted yellow  In 2009, the name was changed to Possessed after Six Flags expressed concerns over the name Voodoo, which it had recently trademarked for another ride  Instead of challenging, Cedar Fair opted to appease Six Flags and rename the coaster  Cedar Fair turned the incident into a marketing opportunity, which focused on a story that the ride was overtaken by evil spirits, fitting in line with the ride's original theme Possessed was closed for the entire 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic  It reopened in 2021 

Design
The coaster's layout consists of two vertical spikes, one twisted and the other straight vertical with a holding brake, connected by a launch and station tract to form a basic "U" layout  The original ride began with riders being launched forward by the use of linear induction motors  After the initial launch, the train heads up the twisted vertical spike that twists the train 180 degrees  The train then falls and is launched backwards up the vertical spike  It shuttles back and forth three times  During the ride's initial years, the holding brake at the top of the vertical rear spike would engage on the final launch, locking the train in place for a very brief moment  This holding brake is no longer operational  Valleyfair's Steel Venom is currently the only Intamin impulse coaster in the United States still operating with its holding brake 
The maximum G-force of the ride is 3 7 Gs, expectantly low for a twisted impulse coaster 

Gallery
Passage 3:
Georgia Depression
The Georgia Depression is a depression in the Pacific Northwest region of western North America  The depression includes the lowland regions of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington along the shores of the Salish Sea 

Formation
The Georgia Depression was formed out of the collision of continental plates about 150 million years ago  During this period, the depression manifested as a broad valley with various rivers flowing down into it to reach the Pacific Ocean where the mouth of the Strait of Juan de Fuca lies Much of the current topography was formed through the erosion of the depression by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the Vashon Glaciation, which lasted from about 19,000 – 16,000 BP  The retreat of the ice sheet revealed a scarred landscape that filled in with sea water once it had retreated beyond what is now the Strait of Juan de Fuca, forming the Salish Sea 

Geography
The Georgia Depression is encompassed by the Pacific Ranges to the north, Vancouver Island Ranges and Olympic Mountains to the west, and North Cascades to the east  The depression includes the Fraser Lowland, Nanaimo and Nahwitti lowlands of Vancouver Island, Puget Sound basin, and all the islands and adjoining waterways of the Salish Sea The majority of the population of British Columbia and Washington reside within this depression 

Geology
The landscape features glacially striated tablelands and rolling hills underlain by sedimentary rocks  The majority of soils in the depression are formed from glacial till, glacial outwash, and Lacustrine deposits 

Ecology
Much of the Georgia Depression is dry, flat, and at low elevation relative to the surrounding highlands  As such, a wide diversity of flora and fauna thrive within the depression Human activity has greatly altered much of the natural environment here through industrialization, agriculture, forestry, urbanization, and suburban sprawl 

See also
List of physiogeographic regions of British Columbia
Royal eponyms in Canada
Passage 4:
Steel Venom (Valleyfair)
Steel Venom is an inverted launched roller coaster located at Valleyfair amusement park in Shakopee, Minnesota, United States  The Impulse Coaster model from Intamin, which opened in 2003, reaches a height of 185 feet (56 m) and a maximum speed of 68 mph (109 km/h) 

History
Valleyfair unveiled Steel Venom in September 2002, a new roller coaster for the 2003 season manufactured by Intamin  It is an Impulse Coaster model, compact by design, and is also both Valleyfair’s and Minnesota’s first and only launch coaster  Steel Venom opened to the public on May 17, 2003 

Ride description
The coaster's single seven-car (28-passenger) train runs along a 200 m (656 ft) U-shaped track, incorporating two 185-foot (56 m) vertical spikes   The forward spike incorporates a twisted spiral, and the rearward spike provides a straight freefall   The 20 m (65 ft) train, propelled by linear induction motors (LIMs,) is accelerated in less than four seconds to 68 mph (109 km/h) toward the forward tower before dropping back down through the station house and up the rearward tower   A holding brake is incorporated on the rear straight tower and is able to suspend the train momentarily (usually on the final ascent during each ride) before dropping it back down to the station house 
Passage 5:
Alouette Lake
Alouette Lake, originally Lillooet Lake and not to be confused with the lake of that name farther north, is a lake and reservoir in Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada  It is located at the southeast foot of the mountain group known as the Golden Ears and is about 16 km in length on a northeast–southwest axis   It and the Alouette River, formerly the Lillooet River, were renamed in 1914 to avoid confusion with the larger river and lake farther north, with "Alouette", the French word for "lark", being chosen as being melodious and reminiscent of the original name in tone 
Most of the basin of Alouette Lake has never been logged and its north flank is protected as part of Golden Ears Provincial Park (formerly part of Garibaldi Provincial Park until that park's division)  A small portion of the lake and its largely inaccessible northwestern shore, near its narrows, are actually part of the District of Mission due to the rectangular shape of that district's boundary   North of the portion of the lake that is in Mission, the rest of its northern end is not in either municipality 

Alouette Dam
Originally only 2 km in length, the lake was considerably expanded by the 1928 construction of the Alouette Dam at 49°17′10″N 122°29′12″W, which is 11 5 km (7 mi) along the upper reaches of the South Alouette River  A 1,067 m (3,501 ft) long tunnel connects Alouette Lake and Stave Lake  At the end of the tunnel is a penstock which feeds the small Alouette Powerhouse, an 8 MW power station operated by BC Hydro, which lies midway along the west shore of Stave Lake 49°22′16″N 122°18′47″W There is no powerhouse at the dam, however, as the point of the reservoir is to feed the tunnel through the flank of the ridge between Mounts Crickmer and Robie Reid  A former railway grade leading to the dam along the river was also used as a logging railway 

Facilities
A large public beach, picnic site and campground that are part of the provincial park are located on the lake's western shore 
Passage 6:
Excalibur (Valleyfair)
Excalibur  is a steel roller coaster with a wooden structure located at Valleyfair in Shakopee, Minnesota  It was built in 1989 by Arrow Dynamics, for the cost of $3,000,000  The ride is 105 feet (32 m) tall with a top speed of 54 5 mph (87 7 km/h) and has a minimum height requirement of 48 inches  It follows a customized figure-eight track layout and is rather short for a major roller coaster, with a total ride duration of two minutes and thirteen seconds A few years after the ride was built, trim brakes were added at the top of the first hill  The bottom and first half of the turn were re-profiled in an attempt to reduce roughness  The photo spot and the "Excalibur Photos" booth were also removed  The photo booth was replaced with a Refreshment stand, which has also been removed 

Potential closure
Valleyfair has applied for a permit with the US Army Corps of Engineers that includes the removal of Excalibur to be replaced by a road and parking lot 
"APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO discharge dredged and fill material into 4



ground_truth: director

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What form of play does Yameen and Activision have in common?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 8 million of revenue and had over $60 million in debt  Cyan severed their contract with Activision, and turned to Broderbund for publishing, including what would become one of the most significant computer games of the 1990s, Myst 

Bobby Kotick had become interested in the value of the video game industry following the crash, and he and three other investors worked to buy Commodore International in an effort to gain access to the Amiga line of personal computers  After failing to complete purchase, the group bought a company that licensed Nintendo characters, and through Nintendo was directed to the failing Mediagenic  Kotick was drawn to buy out Mediagenic not for its current offerings but for the Activision name, given its past successes with Pitfall!, with hopes to restore Activision to its former glory  Crane said that Kotick has recognized the Activision brand name could be valued around $50 million and rather than start a new company and spend that amount to obtain the same reputation, he saw the opportunity to buy the failing Mediagenic at a bargain price and gain Activision's reputation with minimal cost  Kotick and additional investors bought Mediagenic for approximately $500,000 in 1991  This group of investors included real estate businessman Steve Wynn and Philips Electronics Kotick became CEO of Mediagenic on its purchase and made several immediate changes: He let go of all but 8 of the companies' 150 employees, performed a full restructuring of the company, developed a bankruptcy restructuring plan, and reincorporated the company in Los Angeles, California  In the bankruptcy plan, Kotick recognized that Mediagenic still had valuable assets, which included the Infocom library as well as its authoring tools to make games, Activision's distribution network, and licenses to develop on Nintendo and Sega home consoles  Kotick offset some debt by giving stock in the company to its distributors as to keep them vested in the company's success  Kotick also had the company reissue several of its past console and Infocom titles as compilations for personal computers  Kotick had also recognized the value of the Zork property from Infocom, and had the company develop a sequel, Return to Zork  Combined, these steps allowed Mediagenic to fulfill on the bankruptcy plan, and by the end of 1992, Kotick renamed Mediagenic to the original Activision name  The new Activision went public in October 1993, raising about $40 million, and was listed on NASDAQ under its new ticker symbol ATVI By 1995, Kotick's approach had met one promise he made to investors: that he would give them four years of 50% growth in revenues while remaining break-even  Reaching this goal, Kotick then set Activision on his second promise to investors, to develop high-demand games and make the company profitable by 1997 Activision published the first-person perspective MechWarrior in 1989, based on FASA's pen-and-paper game BattleTech  A sequel, MechWarrior 2, was released in 1995 after two years of delays and internal struggles, prompting FASA not to renew their licensing deal with Activision  To counter, Activision released several more games bearing the MechWarrior 2 name, which did not violate their licensing agreement  These included NetMech, MechWarrior 2: Ghost Bear's Legacy, and MechWarrior 2: Mercenaries  The entire MechWarrior 2 game series accounted for more than US$70 million in sales 
Activision procured the license to another pen-and-paper-based war game, Heavy Gear, in 1997  The video game version was well received by critics, with an 81 46% average rating on GameRankings and being considered the best game of the genre at the time by GameSpot  The Mechwarrior 2 engine was also used in other Activision games, including 1997's Interstate '76 and 1998's Battlezone 

Growth and acquisitions (1997–2008)
With several of its own successfully developed games helping to turn a profit, Kotick led Activision to start seeking acquisitions of video game development studios, guided by market surveys to determine what areas of content to focus on  It is estimated that between 1997 and 2008, Activision made 25 acquisitions, several for undisclosed amounts  Several of these came prior to 2001, in the midst of the Dot-com bubble, enabling the company to acquire studios at a lower valuation  On June 16, 2000, Activision reorganized as a holding company, Activision Holdings, to manage Activision and its subsidiaries more effectively  Activision changed its corporate name from "Activision, Inc " to "Activision Publishing, Inc ", while Activision Holdings took Activision's former "Activision, Inc " name  Activision Publishing became a wholly owned subsidiary of Activision, which in turn became the publicly traded company, with all outstanding shares of capital stock converted Some of the key acquisitions and investments made by Activision in this period include:

Raven Software: Raven was founded in 1990; because of their close proximity, Raven frequently collaborated with id Software, and one of the studio's early successes was the Heretic series using id's Doom engine  Around 1997, Raven's founders Brian and Steve Raffel felt the need to seek a parent company  They arranged a publishing deal with Activision in 1997, which not only served to provide Raven additional financial support, but also gave Activision the opportunity to work closely with id Software and gain business relationships with them  By the end of 1997, Activision acquired Raven as one of its first subsidiaries under Kotick  The acquisition price was $12 million 
Neversoft: Prior to its acquisition in 2000, Activision had arranged a development deal with Neversoft to re-develop Apocalypse, a title that failed to be completed within Activision  Subsequently, Activision had Neversoft work on a prototype for a skateboarding game, which would end up becoming the first in the Tony Hawk's series of skateboarding video games  Tony Hawk's Pro Skater was a critical success, leading Activision to acquire Neversoft in April 2000  After eight games, the series has brought in $1 6 billion 
Infinity Ward: After Electronic Arts released Medal of Honor: Allied Assault in 2002, several of the developers from 2015, Inc , disenchanted with their current contracts, left to form a new studio, Infinity Ward  Kotick himself provided the group with startup funding, as they were seeking to develop a similar title to Medal of Honor  Activision acquired the studio for $5 million in January 2003, and later publish their first title, Call of Duty, directly competing with Electronic Arts  The Call of Duty series has since seen nearly yearly releases and as of 2016 had sold more than 250 million units and brought in more than $12 billion in revenue 
Treyarch: The Santa Monica, California studio was founded in 1996  With the success of the first Tony Hawk game from Neversoft, Activision used Treyarch to assist in further Tony Hawk games as well as to develop titles using Activision's license of Marvel's Spider-Man  Activision acquired the studio in 2001 for about $20 million   Following the success of Call of Duty from Infinity Ward, Activision moved Treyarch to assist in the series' development, trading off each year' major release between the two studios 
Gray Matter Studios: While Gray Matter was originally founded in 1993 as Xatrix Entertainment, it was rebranded to Gray Matter in 1999 as they began work on Return to Castle Wolfenstein, in conjunction with Nerve Software and oversight by id Software who owned the Castle Wolfenstein IP  Activision, the game's publisher, acquired a portion of Gray Matter's stock during this time  Return to Castle Wolfenstein was a critical and financial success, and led Activision to acquire the remaining shares of Gray Matter in 2002 for about $3 2 million, with the intent to help Infinity Ward expand out the Call of Duty franchise  In 2005, Activision made the decision to merge the smaller Gray Matter into the larger Treyarch to put their combined talents towards Call of Duty 3 
RedOctane: Around 2005, Red Octane was co-developing Guitar Hero, a console game based on the arcade game GuitarFreaks, with Harmonix; Harmonix was developing the software while RedOctane developed the instrument controllers  Guitar Hero was a major success  Activision purchased RedOctane for nearly $100 million in June 2006  The series has since earned more than $2 billion in revenues 
Toys for Bob: Toys for Bob was founded by Paul Reiche III, Fred Ford, and Terry Falls in 1989 and gained success in developing the first two Star Control games, and later made film-to-video game adaptions  Activision purchased the studio in 2005, and had given them work on some of the Tony Hawk's games as well as other licensed properties  Following Activision's merger with Vivendi, Activision gained the Spyro intellectual property and assigned Toys for Bob to develop the series in a new direction, leading to the toys-to-life Skylanders series 

Merger with Vivendi Games (2008)
While Activision was highly successful with its range of developers and successful series, Kotick was concerned that they did not have a title for the growing massively multiplayer online market, which presented the opportunity for continued revenues from subscription models and microtransactions instead of the revenue from a single sale  Around 2006, Kotick contacted Jean-Bernard Lévy, the new CEO of Vivendi, a French media conglomerate  Vivendi had a games division, Vivendi Games, that was struggling to be viable at the time, but its principal feature was that it owned Blizzard Entertainment and its highly successful World of Warcraft game, which was drawing in $1 1 billion a year in subscription fees  Vivendi Games also owned Sierra Entertainment Lévy recognized Kotick wanted control of World of Warcraft, and offered to allow the companies to merge, but only if Lévy held the majority shares in the merged group, forcing Kotick to cede control  Kotick fretted about this decision for a while, according to friends and investors  During this time in 2006–2007, some of Activision's former successful properties began to wane, such as Tony Hawk's, so Activision bought RedOctane, the publisher of the Guitar Hero franchise  Kotick met with Blizzard's president Mike Morhaime, and learned that Blizzard also had a successful inroad into getting their games into China, a potentially lucrative market  Given this potential opportunity, Kotick agreed to the merger Activision's board signed on to the merger by December 2007  The merger was completed in July 2008  The new company was called Activision Blizzard and was headed by Kotick, while Vivendi maintained a 52% share in the company  The new company was estimated to be worth US$18 9 billion, ahead of Electronic Arts, which was valued at US$14 1 billion 

Post-merger developments (2009–present)
Activision Publishing remains a subsidiary of Activision Blizzard following the merger, and is responsible for developing, producing, and distributing games from its internal and subsidiary studios  Eric Hirshberg was announced as Activision Publishing's CEO in 2010 Activision Publishing established Sledgehammer Games in November 2009  Formed earlier in 2009 by Glen Schofield and Michael Condrey, former Visceral Games leads that had worked on Dead Space, Sledgehammer intended to develop a Call of Duty spin-off title fashioned after the gameplay in Dead Space  However, in early 2010, legal issues between Infinity Ward and Activision Blizzard led to several members of Infinity Ward leaving, and Activision assigned Sledgehammer to assist Infinity Ward in the next major Call of Duty title, Modern Warfare 3  Since then, Sledgehammer, Infinity Ward, and Treyarch share development duties for the flagship series, with support from Raven and other studios as necessary 
In February 2010, Activision Blizzard reported significant losses in revenue stemming from a slow down in Guitar Hero sales and from its more casual games  Subsequently, Activision Publishing shuttered Red Octane, Luxoflux and Underground Development as well as laid off about 25% of the staff at Neversoft  Within the same year, Activision shuttered Budcat Creations in November 2010, and Bizarre Creations in February 2011 Hirshberg left the CEO position in March 2018 Into the 2020s, Activision put more focus on the Call of Duty franchise, including the release of the free-to-play Call of Duty: Warzone in 2020  By April 2021, the company had assigned all of its internal studios to work on some part of the Call of Duty franchise  This includes a new studio, Activision Mobile,  devoted to the Call of Duty Mobile title as reported in August 2021 In 2021, while all their employees were working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, Activision and its parent Activision Blizzard vacated their longtime headquarters building in Santa Monica and ended their lease with Boston Properties  In September 2021, they subleased a much smaller office space in Santa Monica at the Pen Factory (a former Paper Mate factory) from Kite Pharma, which had leased the space from Lincoln Property Company 

Studios
Activision Shanghai Studio in Shanghai, China, founded in 2009 
Beenox in Québec City, Québec, Canada, founded in May 2000, acquired on May 25, 2005 
Demonware in both Dublin, Republic of Ireland and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, founded in 2003, acquired in May 2007 
Digital Legends Entertainment in Barcelona, Spain, founded in May 2001, acquired on October 28, 2021 
High Moon Studios in Carlsbad, California, founded as Sammy Corporation in April 2001, acquired by Vivendi Games in January 2006 
Infinity Ward in Woodland Hills, California, founded in 2002, acquired in October 2003 
Radical Entertainment in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, founded in 1991, acquired by Vivendi Games in 2005, laid off most staff in 2012 
Raven Software in Madison, Wisconsin, founded in 1990, acquired in 1997 
Sledgehammer Games in Foster City, California, founded on July 21, 2009 
Solid State Studios in Santa Monica, California, founded in 2021 
Toys for Bob in Novato, California, founded in 1989, acquired on May 3, 2005 
Treyarch in Santa Monica, California, founded in 1996, acquired in 2001 

Former studios
7 Studios in Los Angeles, California, founded in 1999, acquired in April 2009, closed in February 2011 
Beachhead Studio in Santa Monica, California, founded in February 2011 
Bizarre Creations in Liverpool, England, founded as Raising Hell Productions in 1987 and changed name in 1994, acquired on September 26, 2007, closed on February 18, 2011 
Budcat Creations in Iowa City, Iowa, founded in September 2000, acquired on November 10, 2008, closed in November 2010 
FreeStyleGames in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, United Kingdom, founded in 2002, acquired on September 12, 2008, sold to Ubisoft on January 18, 2017, subsequently renamed Ubisoft Leamington 
Gray Matter Studios in Los Angeles, California, founded in the 1990s as Xatrix Entertainment, acquired in January 2002, merged into Treyarch in 2005 
Infocom in Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded on June 22, 1979, acquired in 1986, closed in 1989 
Luxoflux in Santa Monica, California, founded in January 1997, acquired in October 2002, closed on February 11, 2010 
Massive Entertainment in Malmö, Sweden, founded in 1997, acquired by Vivendi Universal Games in 2002, sold to Ubisoft on November 10, 2008 
Neversoft in Los Angeles, California, founded in July 1994, acquired in October 1999, merged into Infinity Ward on May 3, 2014 and was officially made defunct on July 10, 2014 
RedOctane in Mountain View, California, founded in November 2005, acquired in 2006, closed on February 11, 2010 
Shaba Games in San Francisco, California, founded in September 1997, acquired in 2002, and closed on October 8, 2009 
Swordfish Studios in Birmingham, England, founded in September 2002, acquired by Vivendi Universal Games in June 2005, sold to Codemasters on November 14, 2008 
The Blast Furnace in Leeds, United Kingdom, founded in November 2011 as Activision Leeds, renamed in August 2012, closed in March 2014 
Underground Development in Redwood Shores, California, founded as Z-Axis in 1994, acquired in May 2002, closed on February 11, 2010 
Vicarious Visions in Menands, New York, founded in 1990, acquired in January 2005, moved to Blizzard Entertainment in January 2021  It was renamed to Blizzard Albany on April 12, 2022 
Wanako Games in Santiago, Chile, founded in 2005, acquired by Vivendi Games on February 20, 2007, sold to Artificial Mind and Movement on November 20, 2008 

Notable games published
See also
List of video game companies
Passage 7:
Intellivision Rocks
Intellivision Lives!  is a compilation of over 60 Intellivision video games, originally produced by Mattel Electronics and INTV Corporation between 1978 and 1990   Using original game code and software emulation, Intellivision Productions released the compilation on a Windows and Macintosh hybrid CD-ROM in December 1998  Additional versions were then released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube by Crave Entertainment  In 2010, Virtual Play Games released a Nintendo DS version  
Intellivision Productions later published Intellivision Rocks, which includes third-party games originally published by Activision and Imagic, as well as Intellivoice and ECS games 

Overview
Some games could not be included due to licensing (e g  Tron, BurgerTime, Masters of the Universe, Pac-Man,)   Others such as Advanced Dungeons & Dragons: Cloudy Mountain and Treasure of Tarmin use different titles to avoid the trademark   Licenses such as MLB, NFL, NBA, and The Electric Company were simply dropped from the titles   Also included were games never before released, such as King of the Mountain, Brickout, and Takeover In addition to the games, the Crave Entertainment releases have several unlockables, such as classic Intellivision commercials  The original Windows/Mac version is a resource for development history, unfinished prototypes, box art, overlays, instructions, hidden features, programmer biographies, and video interviews 

History and development
In June 1995, former Mattel Electronics programmers led by Keith Robinson started the Blue Sky Rangers Intellivision website   Blue Sky Rangers being a nickname given to the Mattel Electronics programmers in a TV Guide magazine article from the 1982 June 19 issue   The website provides the history of the Intellivsion games and credits the programmers and artists  It was well received with fans asking how the games can be played on their computers  In 1997 Intellivision Productions, Inc  was formed by former Mattel Electronics programmers Keith Robinson and Stephen Roney with the purchase of the rights to the Intellivision and its games At the same time, a student in Michigan named Carl Mueller Jr  was independently working on reverse engineering the Intellivision   With the help of Intellivision ROM dumps from Sean Kelly and then William Moeller and Scott Nudds, Carl was able to create the first Intellivision emulator that plays the games on a modern computer   Sean was fortunate to have two Intellivision prototype cartridges with standard 8-bit EPROMS as opposed to the more complex memory mapped ROMS used by standard cartridges   William and Scott were able to dump the Intellivision embedded executive control software and graphics ROMS, as well as build a cartridge reader to dump any Intellivision cartridge Carl's MS-DOS emulator and a Macintosh emulator created by Intellivisions Productions' Steve Roney would be used in the free Intellipack downloads so anyone could play select Intellivision games on their computers for the first time in 1997   The Intellivision for PC/Mac Volume 2 download, also of 1997, was the first release of Deep Pockets Super Pro Billiards, the last game programmed for the Intellivision in 1990 but unreleased by INTV Corporation   They would also be used to play the original Intellivision games in the Intellivision Lives! PC/Mac CD-ROM edition released in 1998 by Intellivision Productions 

PC and Macintosh system requirements
The PC/Mac edition was produced with Macromedia Director and may not be compatible with modern operating systems   The QuickTime videos, emulators, and Intellivision ROM image files are directly accessible on the CD-ROM 
The Intellivision Lives! PC/Mac v1 0 system requirements:
PC:  Pentium 90 MHz, Windows 95, 8MB RAM, 8x CD-ROM, QuickTime v3 0 or better
Mac:  Power Macintosh, OS7 5, 100 MHz, 16MB RAM, 8x CD-ROM, QuickTimeThe Intellivision Lives! PC/Mac v1 1 system requirements:
PC: Pentium 266 MHz, Windows 95/98/Me/2000/XP, 32M RAM, 8X CD-ROM, 16-bit DirectX compatible sound & video cards, DirectX 7 or better, QuickTime v3 0 or better
Mac: Power Macintosh, OS 8/9/X, 120 MHz, 32M RAM, 8X CD-ROM, QuickTimeController functions are mapped to the computer keyboard; an extended keyboard is required to access both left and right Intellivision controllers   With Macintosh, USB game controllers could be used indirectly with a joystick to keyboard mapper utility   For PC, Intellivision Productions promoted the Gravis GamePad Pro game controller (game port version)   The MS-DOS emulator, directly accessible on the CD-ROM, also supported original Intellivision controllers through the INTV2PC Hand Controller Interface   INTV2PC is a parallel port adapter that accepts original Intellivision hand controllers   This feature although not promoted is documented in the INTVPC files on the CD-ROM   Modern intellivision emulators and USB controller adapters have since become available, compatible with the Intellivision Lives rom image files 
To play the games using real Intellivision controllers Intellivision Productions supported the use of a device called the Intellicart   The Intellicart is a RAM cartridge with an RS-232 interface that can accept a copy of an Intellivision ROM image file from a computer   Rather than play the Intellivision Lives! games through an emulator, they can be played on a real Intellivision through an Intellicart   Since that time modern Intellivision flash memory cartridges have been made that achieve the same result 
In 2002 an updated Intellivision Lives! PC/Mac v1 1 was made available by Intellivision Productions   Those that purchased the original could upgrade for a nominal fee   It added Windows 98/ME/2000/XP support with a native Windows emulator supporting DirectX sound, video, and game controllers 

Modern video game consoles
Realtime Associates developed the video game console editions published by Crave Entertainment for PlayStation 2 (2003), Xbox (2004), and GameCube (2004)   In these versions the games are accessed from a 3D "overworld" set in a circa 1980s pizza parlor; an inaccurate representation as the Intellivision games were originally designed for a home console  Games were also re-organised by genres rather than the original Mattel Electronics Networks used in the PC/Mac edition   Some games require two controllers, even to play single player In 2010 Virtual Play Games published Intellivision Lives! for the Nintendo DS handheld system, also developed by Realtime Associates  It features wireless, multiplayer support using a single game card  The Nintendo DS's touch screen emulates the Intellivision's 12-button keypad including an overlay image for each game   The Nintendo DS lacks a 16 direction pad used by some Intellivision games   This limitation was overcome, in Vectron for example, by mapping directional inputs to the touch screen   Only 10,000 copies of the Nintendo DS edition were ever released The Xbox version of Intellivision Lives! is fully forward compatible with the Xbox 360 console, and in 2008 Intellivision Lives! became available for purchase as a download through Xbox Live Game Marketplace's Xbox Originals 

Intellivision Rocks
Intellivision Rocks is the PC-only sequel to the original PC version of Intellivision Lives!  As with Intellivision Lives!, Intellivision Rocks is a collection of games which were originally found on the Intellivision, presented in emulated form  It mainly features 3rd-party games from Activision and Imagic  In addition, several unreleased games are included 

Reception
IGN said that Intellivision Lives! is "still blocky after all these years, sure   but these games really need the controller " GameSpot editors said that although the controller emulation is a little hard to handle, the collection does a fine job in delivering classic Intellivision games 
Passage 8:
Raven Software
Raven Software Corporation is an American video game developer based in Wisconsin and founded in 1990  In 1997, Raven made an exclusive publishing deal with Activision and was subsequently acquired by them  After the acquisition, many of the studio's original developers, largely responsible for creating the Heretic and Hexen: Beyond Heretic games, left to form Human Head Studios 

History
id Software
Raven Software was founded in 1990 by brothers Brian and Steve Raffel  Originally a three-person company, they were discovered by John Romero, co-founder of id Software, who collaborated with Raven to make games using their game engine beginning with ShadowCaster  Raven then started making games with id Software; the company even briefly moved to the same street as id Software  They used id's engines for many of their games, such as Heretic, Hexen: Beyond Heretic and Hexen II 
In 2005 and 2009, Raven developed two games from id's catalog: Quake 4 and Wolfenstein respectively 

Activision
The company was independent until 1997, when it was acquired by Activision for $12 million  They were still collaborating with id Software but at the same time developed other titles as well such as Soldier of Fortune in 2000, Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy in 2003, X-Men Legends in 2004 and many more 
In August 2009, following poor performance and possible over-budget of Wolfenstein, the company made a major layoff of 30-35 staff, leaving two development teams  This was reduced to one after more layoffs in October 2010, after delays with Singularity; as many as 40 staff were released  Following the layoffs and after id Software was bought over by ZeniMax Media, Raven has since become a primary developer for the Call of Duty series In December 2021, Activision did not renew the contract of several members of the quality assurance (QA) department that were contract employees   One of the associate managers said that "valuable members" were fired although they "were promised, for months, that Activision was working towards a pay restructure to increase their wages"  Following these firings as well as other controversies revolving Activision Blizzard, a strike has been initiated  On January 21, 2022, Raven's QA team formed a union named the Game Workers Alliance with Communications Workers of America In May 2022, a group of quality assurance testers from Raven Software successfully organized a union known as the Game Workers Alliance, with the vote being 19 for and 3 against  In June 2022 Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick stated that the company would recognize the union and begin negotiations with it 

Games
In 2012, Raven began hiring employees for a game, and were announced as collaborating with Infinity Ward on Call of Duty: Ghosts in May 2013 On April 3, 2013 following the closure of LucasArts, Raven Software released the source code for Star Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast and Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy on SourceForge under the GPL-2 0-only license In April 2014, the company became lead developer of the now shutdown free-to-play Chinese Call of Duty title, Call of Duty: Online  The company also remade Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, titled Call of Duty: Modern Warfare Remastered In 2020, Raven Software collaborated with Infinity Ward on the game Call of Duty: Warzone  The company is considered the face of maintaining, updating and debugging the game as they regularly provide status updates and patch notes on Twitter and their official website (though it is unclear if they are the sole studio responsible behind-the-scenes) Raven developed Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War with Treyarch, which released on November 13, 2020 
Context 3: 52 acres of wetland for the purpose of constructing a new road around the park for employee access and for the construction of a new parking lot  The Valleyfair expansion project includes a proposed road relocation that will be used by park guests and primarily park employees to access nonpublic areas of the park and two parking areas, one for guests and one for staff "
Passage 7:
Bobo people
The Bobo are a Mande ethnic group living primarily in Burkina Faso, with some living north in Mali  Bobo is also a shortened name of the second-largest city in Burkina Faso, Bobo-Dioulasso 

Background
In much of the literature on African art, the group that lives in the area of Bobo-Dioulasso is called Bobo-Fing, literally "black Bobo"  These people call themselves Bobo and speak the Bobo language, a Mande language  The Bambara people also call another ethnic group "Bobo", the Bobo-Oule/Wule, more precisely called the Bwa  While the Bwa (Bobo-Oule) are a Gur people, speaking Gur languages (the Bwa languages), the true Bobo (Bobo Madare, Bobo Fing) are a Mande people 

Demographics
The Bobo number about 110,000 people, with the great majority in Burkina Faso  The major Bobo community in the south is Bobo-Dioulasso, the second-largest city of Burkina Faso and the old French colonial capital  Further north are large towns, including Fô and Kouka, with Boura in the extreme north in Mali 
The Bobo are far from homogeneous  They are an ancient aggregation of several peoples who have assembled around a number of core clans that do not preserve any oral traditions of immigration into the area  Their language and culture are more closely related to those of their Mandé neighbours to the north and west, the Bamana (as well as the Minianka, also known as Mamara Senoufo, and a Gur people) than to their Voltaic neighbours the Gurunsi and Mossi, but they should be thought of as a southern extension of the Mandé people who live in what is now Burkina Faso, rather than an intrusive Mandé group that has recently penetrated the region  Although over 41% of Bobo lineages claim a foreign origin, they also say that they are autochthonous 

Economy
Farming among the Bobo is of primary importance  Agricultural activity is not merely a way of providing for subsistence among the Bobo, it is the essential component of their day-to-day existence  The major food crops are red sorghum, pearl millet, yams, and maize  They also cultivate cotton, which is sold to textile mills in Koudougou  The imposition of colonial rule and the construction of these mills led to the disintegration of the local co-operative labor systems, which had served to bond the members of Bobo society together 

Political system
The Bobo lineage is the fundamental social building-block  The Bobo are an inherently decentralized group of people  The concept of placing political power in the hands of an individual is foreign to the Bobo  Each village is organized according to the relationship among individual patriline  The lineage unites all descendants of a common ancestor, called the wakoma, a word whose stem, wa-, is a contraction of the Bobo word for house wasa  The Bobo lineage comprises the people who live in a common house  The head of a lineage is called the wakoma or father of the lineage  He may also be called the sapro, which is the term for ancestors  As among other peoples in Burkina, each clan has a totem, so that when a Bobo introduces himself he gives his given name, then his clan name, followed by the totem that he respects 

Religion
The creator god is called Wuro  He cannot be described and is not represented by sculptures  Bobo cosmogony describes the creation of the world by Wuro and the ordering of his creations  He is responsible for the ordering of all things in the world into opposing pairs: man/spirits, male/female, village/bush, culture/nature and so on 
The balances between forces as they were created by Wuro are precarious, and it is easy for men to throw the forces out of balance  Farming, for instance, can unbalance the precarious equilibrium between culture/nature and village/bush when the crops are gathered in the bush and brought into the village 
For the Bobo people there are two important epochs  The time of Wuro, when the universe was created and the historical time, when Wuro gave man his son Dwo 

Sources
Christopher Roy: Art of the Upper Volta Rivers  Traduction et adaptation en francais F Chaffin  Alain et Françoise Chaffin, Meudon, 1987
Guy Le Moal : Les Bobo  Nature et fonction des masques  Musée royale de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, 1999 

External links

The Art of Burkina Faso by Christopher D  Roy
Passage 8:
Eureka, Nunavut
Eureka is a small research base on Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Qikiqtaaluk Region, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut  It is located on the north side of Slidre Fiord, which enters Eureka Sound farther west  It is the third-northernmost permanent research community in the world   The only two farther north are Alert, which is also on Ellesmere Island, and Nord, in Greenland   Eureka has the lowest average annual temperature and the lowest amount of precipitation of any weather station in Canada 
Eureka's postal code is X0A 0G0 and the area code is 867 

Divisions
The base consists of three areas:

the Eureka Aerodrome which includes "Fort Eureka" (the quarters for military personnel maintaining the island's communications equipment)
the Environment and Climate Change Canada Weather Station
the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL), formerly the Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory (AStrO)PEARL is operated by a consortium of Canadian university researchers and government agencies known as the Canadian Network for Detection of Atmospheric Change  PEARL announced it would cease full-time year-round operation as of April 30, 2012, due to lack of funding, but this decision was reversed in May 2013 with the announcement of new funds 

History
Eureka was founded on April 7, 1947, as part of an initiative to set up a network of Arctic weather stations  On this date, 100 t (98 long tons; 110 short tons) of supplies were airlifted to a promising spot on Ellesmere Island, and five prefabricated Jamesway huts were constructed  Regular weather observations began on January 1, 1948  The station has expanded over the years  At its peak, in the 1970s, at least fifteen staff were on site; in 2005, it reported a permanent population of zero with at least 8 staff on a continuous rotational basis Several generations of buildings have been developed  The latest operations centre, with work areas and staff quarters in one large structure, was completed in 2005 

Location and accessibility
The complex is powered by diesel generators  The station is supplied once every six weeks with fresh food and mail by air, and annually in the late summer, a supply ship from Montreal brings heavy supplies  On July 3, 2009, a Danish Challenger 604 MMA jet landed at Eureka's aerodrome 
The jet is a military observation aircraft based on the Challenger executive jet  This jet visited Eureka on a familiarization trip, in order to prepare for the possibility of Danish aircraft assisting in search and rescue missions over Canadian territory  The Canadian American Strategic Review noted critically that the first jet to fly a mission to Eureka was not Canadian At Eureka's latitude, a geosynchronous communications satellite, if due south, would require an antenna to be pointed nearly horizontally; satellites farther east or west along that orbit would be below the horizon  Telephone access and television broadcasts arrived in 1982 when Operation Hurricane resulted in the establishment of a satellite receiving station at nearby Skull Point, which has an open view to the south  The low-power Channel 9 TV transmitter at Skull Point was the world's most northern TV station at the time  In the 1980s, TV audio was often connected to the telephone to feed CBC-TV news to CHAR-FM in isolated CFS Alert  More recently, CANDAC has installed what is likely the world's most northerly geosynchronous satellite ground-station to provide Internet-based communications to PEARL Other inhabited places on Ellesmere Island include Alert and Grise Fiord 

Flora and fauna
Eureka has been described as "The Garden Spot of the Arctic" due to the flora and fauna abundant around the Eureka area, more so than anywhere else in the High Arctic  Fauna include muskox, Arctic wolves, Arctic foxes, Arctic hares, and lemmings  In addition, summer nesting geese, ducks, owls, loons, ravens, gulls and many other smaller birds nest, raise their young, and return south in August 

Climate
Eureka experiences a polar climate (ET)  The settlement sees the midnight sun between April 10 and August 29, with no sunlight at all between mid-October and late February  Eureka has the lowest average annual temperature and least precipitation of any weather station in Canada with an annual mean temperature of −18 8 °C (−1 8 °F)  Average winter temperatures are almost comparable to those found in northeastern Siberia  However, summers are slightly warmer than other places in the Canadian Arctic because Eureka is somewhat landlocked, being near the centre of Ellesmere Island  Even so, since record keeping began, the temperature has never exceeded 20 9 °C (69 6 °F), first reached on July 14, 2009  Although a polar desert, evaporation is also very low, which allows the limited moisture to be made available for plants and wildlife  Its frost-free  season averages 56 days, much longer than many other places nearby 

See also
List of research stations in the Arctic
Passage 9:
Battle of White Plains
The Battle of White Plains was a battle in the New York and New Jersey campaign of the American Revolutionary War, fought on October 28, 1776, near White Plains, New York   Following the retreat of George Washington's Continental Army northward from New York City, British General William Howe landed troops in Westchester County, intending to cut off Washington's escape route   Alerted to this move, Washington retreated farther, establishing a position in the village of White Plains but failed to establish firm control over local high ground   Howe's troops drove Washington's troops from a hill near the village; following this loss, Washington ordered the Americans to retreat farther north 
Later British movements chased Washington across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania   Washington then crossed the Delaware and surprised a brigade of Hessian troops in the December 26 Battle of Trenton 

Background
British General William Howe, after evacuating Boston in March 1776, regrouped in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and embarked in June on a campaign to gain control of New York City   The campaign began with an unopposed landing on Staten Island in early July  British troops made another unopposed landing on Long Island on August 22, south of the areas where General George Washington's Continental Army had organized significant defenses around Brooklyn Heights After losing the Battle of Long Island on August 27, General Washington and his army of 9,000 troops escaped on the night of August 29–30 to York Island (as Manhattan was then called)   General Howe followed up with a landing on Manhattan on September 15, but his advance was checked the next day at Harlem Heights   After an abortive landing at Throg's Neck, he landed troops with some resistance at Pell's Point on October 18 to begin an encircling maneuver that was intended to trap Washington's army between that force, his troops in Manhattan, and the Hudson River, which was dominated by warships of the Royal Navy   Howe established a camp at New Rochelle, but advance elements of his army were near Mamaroneck, only 7 miles (11 km) from White Plains, where there was a lightly defended Continental Army supply depot 

Prelude
On October 20, General Washington sent Colonel Rufus Putnam out on a reconnaissance mission from his camp at Harlem Heights   Putnam discovered the general placement of the British troop locations and recognized the danger to the army and its supplies   When he reported this to Washington that evening, Washington immediately dispatched Putnam with orders to Lord Stirling, whose troops were furthest north, to immediately march to White Plains



ground_truth: video game

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which is farther north, Steel Venom or Wicked Twister?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:   They arrived at White Plains at 9 am on October 21, and were followed by other units of the army as the day progressed   Washington decided to withdraw most of the army to White Plains, leaving a garrison of 1,200 men under Nathanael Greene to defend Fort Washington on Manhattan   General Howe's army advanced slowly, with troops from his center and right moving along the road from New Rochelle to White Plains, while a unit of Loyalists occupied Mamaroneck   The latter was attacked that night by a detachment of Lord Stirling's troops under John Haslet, who took more than thirty prisoners as well as supplies, but suffered several killed and 15 wounded   As a result, Howe moved elements of his right wing to occupy Mamaroneck   On October 22, Howe was reinforced by the landing at New Rochelle of an additional 8,000 troops under the command of Wilhelm von Knyphausen 
Washington established his headquarters at the Elijah Miller House in North White Plains on October 23, and chose a defensive position that he fortified with two lines of entrenchments  The trenches were situated on raised terrain, protected on the right by the swampy ground near the Bronx River, with steeper hills further back as a place of retreat  The American defenses were 3 miles (4 8 km) long  Beyond that, on the right, was Chatterton's Hill, which commanded the plain over which the British would have to advance  The hill was initially occupied by militia companies numbering several hundred, probably including John Brooks' Massachusetts militia company On October 24 and 25, Howe's army moved from New Rochelle to Scarsdale, where they established a camp covering the eastern bank of the Bronx River   This move was apparently made in the hopes of catching Charles Lee's column, which had to alter its route toward White Plains and execute a forced march at night to avoid them   Howe remained at Scarsdale until the morning of October 28, when his forces marched toward White Plains, with British troops on the right under General Henry Clinton, and primarily Hessian troops on the left under General von Heister 

Composition of forces
British & Hessians
British
British troops involved included:
16th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons
17th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons
1st Battalion, Guards Brigade
2nd Battalion, Guards Brigade
5th Regiment of Foot (Northumberland Fusiliers)
23rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Welsh Fusiliers)
27th Regiment of Foot
28th Regiment of Foot
35th Regiment of Foot
42nd (Royal Highland, The Black Watch) Regiment of Foot
49th Regiment of Foot
52nd Regiment of Foot
No 1 Company, 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery
No 2 Company, 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery
No 4 Company, 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery (Specially thanked in General Orders)
No 5 Company, 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery (Thanked in General Orders)
No 8 Company, 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery (Thanked in General Orders)Hessians

Grenadier Regiment von Rahl
Fusilier Regiment von Knyphausen

Americans
American (continental) forces in the battle included:
Spencer's Division
Parson's Brigade under Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons
10th Continental Regiment (6th Connecticut)
20th Continental Regiment (20th Connecticut)
21st Continental Regiment (Ward's Militia)
Wadsworth's Brigade under Brigadier General James Wadsworth
Gay's Battalion
Douglas' Battalion
Delaware Regiment
1st New York Regiment
3rd New York Regiment
Maryland Regiment
Connecticut Regiment
Brook's New York Militia
Graham's Massachusetts Militia

Battle
While Washington was inspecting the terrain to determine where it was best to station his troops, messengers alerted him that the British were advancing  Returning to his headquarters, he ordered the 2nd Connecticut Regiment under Joseph Spencer out to slow the British advance, and sent Haslet and the 1st Delaware Regiment, along with Alexander McDougall's brigade (Rudolphus Ritzema's 3rd New York Regiment, Charles Webb's 19th Continental Regiment, William Smallwood's 1st Maryland Regiment, and the 1st New York Regiment and 2nd New York Regiments) to reinforce Chatterton Hill Spencer's force advanced to a position on the old York road at Hart's corners (Hartsdale, New York) and there exchanged fire with the Hessians led by Colonel Johann Rall that were at the head of the British left column   When Clinton's column threatened their flank, these companies were forced into a retreat across the Bronx River that was initially orderly with pauses to fire from behind stone walls while fire from the troops on Chatterton Hill covered their move, but turned into a rout with the appearance of dragoons   Rall's troops attempted to gain the hill, but were repelled by fire from Haslet's troops and the militia, and retreated to a nearby hilltop on the same side of the river   This concerted defense brought the entire British Army, which was maneuvering as if to attack the entire American line, to a stop While Howe and his command conferred, the Hessian artillery on the left opened fire on the hilltop position, where they succeeded in driving the militia into a panicked retreat   The arrival of McDougall and his brigade helped to rally them, and a defensive line was established, with the militia on the right and the Continentals arrayed along the top of the hill   Howe finally issued orders, and while most of his army waited, a detachment of British and Hessian troops was sent to take the hill The British attack was organized with Hessian regiments leading the assault   Rall was to charge the American right, while a Hessian battalion under Colonel Carl von Donop (consisting of the Linsing, Mingerode, Lengereck, and Kochler grenadiers, and Donop's own chasseur regiment) was to attack the center  A British column under General Alexander Leslie (consisting of the 5th, 28th, 35th, and 49th Foot) was to attack the right   Donop's force either had difficulty crossing the river, or was reluctant to do so, and elements of the British force were the first to cross the river   Rall's charge scattered the militia on the American right, leaving the flank of the Maryland and New York regiments exposed as they poured musket fire onto the British attackers, which temporarily halted the British advance   The exposure of their flank caused them to begin a fighting retreat, which progressively forced the remainder of the American line, which had engaged with the other segments of the British force, to give way and retreat   Haslet's Delaware regiment, which anchored the American left, provided covering fire while the remaining troops retreated to the north, and were the last to leave the hill   The fighting was intense, and both sides suffered significant casualties before the Continentals made a disciplined retreat 

Casualties
John Fortescue's History of the British Army says that Howe's casualties numbered 214 British and 99 Hessians  However, Rodney Atwood points out that Fortescue's figure for the Hessians includes the entire Hessian casualties from 19–28 October and that in fact only 53 of these casualties were incurred at the Battle of White Plains  This revised figure would give a total of 267 British and Hessians killed, wounded or missing at White Plains  Henry Dawson, on the other hand, gives Howe's loss as 47 killed, 182 wounded and 4 missing 
The American loss is uncertain  Theodore Savas and J  David Dameron give a range of 150–500 killed, wounded and captured  Samuel Roads numbers the casualties of 47 killed and 70 wounded  Henry Dawson estimates 50 killed, 150 wounded and 17 missing for McDougall's and Spencer's commands but has no information on the losses in Haslet's regiment 

Aftermath
The two generals remained where they were for two days, while Howe reinforced the position on Chatterton Hill, and Washington organized his army for retreat into the hills   With the arrival of additional Hessian and Waldeck troops under Lord Percy on October 30, Howe planned to act against the Americans the following day   However, a heavy rain fell the whole next day, and when Howe was finally prepared to act, he awoke to find that Washington had again eluded his grasp Washington withdrew his army into the hills to the north on the night of October 31, establishing a camp near North Castle   Howe chose not to follow, instead attempting without success to draw Washington out   On November 5, he turned his army south to finish evicting Continental Army troops from Manhattan, a task he accomplished with the November 16 Battle of Fort Washington Washington eventually crossed the Hudson River at Peekskill with most of his army, leaving New England regiments behind to guard supply stores and important river crossings   Later, British movements chased him across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania, and the British established a chain of outposts across New Jersey  Washington, seeing an opportunity for a victory to boost the nation's morale,  crossed the Delaware and surprised Rall's troops in the December 26 Battle of Trenton 

Legacy
Each year on or near the anniversary date, the White Plains Historical Society hosts a commemoration of the event at the Jacob Purdy House in White Plains, New York   Two ships in the United States Navy were named for the Battle of White Plains  CVE-66 was an escort carrier in World War II  AFS-4 was a combat stores ship that was decommissioned in 1995 According to some historians, the Headless Horseman depicted in Washington Irving's short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" was inspired by a real-life Hessian soldier who lost his head by cannon fire during this battle 

See also
List of American Revolutionary War battles
American Revolutionary War §British New York counter-offensive  The 'Battle of White Plains' placed in overall sequence and strategic context 

Notes
Bibliography
Major Francis Duncan, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volume II, 1873 London John Murray 
Fischer, David Hackett (2004)  Washington's Crossing  New York: Oxford University Press  ISBN 978-0-19-517034-4  OCLC 186017328 
Digby Smith, Kevin E  Kiley, and Jeremy Black, An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Uniforms of the American War of Independence, 2017 Lorenz Books, London, United Kingdom  ISBN 978-0-7548-1761-1 

External links

The Battle of White Plains
White Plains Historical Society
Passage 10:
Wicked Twister
Wicked Twister was an inverted roller coaster located at Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, United States  Designed by Werner Stengel, it was a second-generation, double-twisting Impulse model manufactured by Intamin  Wicked Twister opened as the tallest and fastest inverted coaster in the world on May 5, 2002  It was retired by the park on September 6, 2021, closed on September 7, and gave over 16 million rides during its lifetime 

History
Construction on Wicked Twister began on October 15, 2001, shortly after Stadium Games, formerly known as the Aquarium, was razed  The new coaster was officially announced the following month, and its media day was held on May 2, 2002 Billed as the tallest and fastest double-twisting impulse coaster ever built, Wicked Twister actually opened as the tallest and fastest inverted coaster in the world on May 5, 2002  It held both records until the opening of Legendary Twin Dragon at Chongqing Sunac Land in China in 2021  Additional supports were added to the ride's structure for the 2003 season  Two yellow supports were added to each spike to connect the track to the top of the main support structure 

In May 2021, park official Tony Clark implied in a series of tweets that Wicked Twister was going to be retired  This was confirmed on August 6, 2021, when Cedar Point officially announced the closure of Wicked Twister, scheduled for September 6, 2021  The ride then closed September 7, and on its last day of operation, park employees handed out "last launch" buttons to riders, sold limited-edition commemorative t-shirts, and gave away 16 "golden tickets" granting winners a spot on the last public train  Wicked Twister had accumulated over 16 million rides in 20 seasons of operation On November 3, 2021, Cedar Point announced that Wicked Twister would be demolished  Demolition and removal was completed on February 8, 2022 

Ride details
Wicked Twister consisted of two 215 feet (66 m) tall spikes  Both ends of the track were designed with 450-degree vertical twists, referred to as the front and rear towers, which differentiated Wicked Twister from other Impulse Coaster models from Intamin  The loading platform and linear induction motor (LIM) propulsion system sat between the two towers along a horizontal track section  The ride was built directly on Cedar Point Beach, and its entrance plaza was located in the former Aquarium location  The track was painted yellow with teal supports The ride featured one train that consisted of eight cars  Riders were arranged two across in two rows for a total of 32 riders  Wicked Twister's theme song was "The Winner" by the Crystal Method 

Layout
Linear induction motors propelled the train forward out of the station at 50 mph (80 km/h) during the first launch, which carried the train approximately halfway up the front tower  After coming to a stop, the train then fell and returned through the station, re-entering the LIM section and accelerating for a second launch to 63 mph (101 km/h) in the opposite direction  After climbing to its peak approximately halfway up the rear tower, the process would repeat a third time accelerating to 69 mph (111 km/h) and climbing to its highest point on the front tower 
A fourth and final LIM launch on the train's return through the station accelerated the train to its maximum speed of 72 mph (116 km/h), reaching a maximum height of 206 ft (63 m) up the rear tower  The train then made one more final pass through the station without any interaction from the LIM launch section and up the front spike  Subsequent passes through the station were met with the brakes being applied to slow the train slightly more each time until finally coming to rest 

See also
The Flash: Vertical Velocity – similar coaster located at Six Flags Great America
Possessed – similar coaster located at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom
Steel Venom – similar coaster located at Valleyfair



ground_truth: Wicked Twister