prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are both Kaiping and Pingxiang, Guangxi located in Guandong Province?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Qingsheng Railway Station
Qingsheng railway station (Chinese: 庆盛站) is a station in located in Qingsheng Village (庆盛村), Dongchong Town, Nansha District, Guangzhou  It is one of the stations on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link between Guangzhou South railway station in Panyu District, Guangzhou and Futian railway station in Futian District, Shenzhen 

Guangzhou Metro
An elevated metro station on Line 4 of the Guangzhou Metro started operation on 28 December 2017 

Services
China Railway
Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link

Guangzhou Metro
Line 4 (Guangzhou Metro)
Passage 2:
Pingxiang, Guangxi
Pingxiang (凭祥市) is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chongzuo, in the southwest of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China 

Situation
The city covers an area of 650 km2 (250 sq mi)  It is bordered in the north by Longzhou County and in the east by Ningming County, both in Chongzuo, and in the south and west by Vietnam's Lạng Sơn Province 
National Route 322 comes through the city centre, as does the railway which continues on to Hanoi; a high-speed expressway, now also international, passes nearby 
Zhennan Pass, site of the Battle of Bang Bo during the Sino-French War, is now named the "Friendship Pass" and is considered the gateway to Vietnam 
There are also plans to build a high-speed railway from Nanning to the Vietnamese border 

Administration
Demographics
Pingxiang has a population of approximately 106,400 (83 5% of the people belong to the Zhuang ethnic group, 2010)  Ethnic groups include Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Jing, and others 

Towns (Chinese: 镇, zhen)
Pingxiang (Chinese: 凭祥)
Shangshi (Chinese: 上石)
Xiashi (Chinese: 夏石)
Youyi (Chinese: 友谊)

Transportation
Rail
Hunan–Guangxi Railway

Climate
See also
Lang Son


== Notes and references ==
Passage 3:
G7211 Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway
The Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway (Chinese: 南宁—友谊关高速公路), commonly referred to as the Nanyou Expressway (Chinese: 南友高速公路), is a 225 06-kilometre-long expressway (139 85 mi) in the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi that connects the city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, and Friendship Pass, known in Chinese as Youyiguan, a border crossing between China and Vietnam  The Friendship Pass is located in the county-level city of Pingxiang, under the administration of the city of Chongzuo  At the border, the expressway connects with North–South expressway in Vietnam  The expressway is designated G7211, and opened on 28 December 2005 The expressway is a spur of G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway  The Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway branches off from its primary expressway, G72, just before the western terminus of G72 in Nanning  The entire route is also part of Asian Highway 1 
Along with the G7511 Qinzhou–Dongxing Expressway and G8011 Kaiyuan–Hekou Expressway, it is one of the three expressways that connect China with Vietnam 

Route
Nanning City Center
The Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway begins east of the city centre of Nanning, at the San'an Interchange in Qingxiu District  At this interchange, it connects to the G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway, its parent expressway, as well as the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway, the G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway, and the G80 Guangzhou–Kunming Expressway  It proceeds south, in a concurrency with the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway and G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway, to the Liangqing South interchange in Liangqing District, passing through Yongning District on the way  At this three way interchange, the Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway and Nanning Ring Expressway continue westward while the G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway branches off to the south 
The concurrency with the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway continues until the Gaoling Interchange in Jiangnan District, south of the city centre of Nanning, where the Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway proceeds southward, away from the city centre, while the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway continues westward 
This section of expressway forms the southeastern part of a ring expressway around the city centre of Nanning  The orbital expressway is designated G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway  Hence, the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway is concurrent with the Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway for this entire length, and in addition, the two expressways share exit numbers during the concurrency 

Nanning Airport Expressway
The 18 443-kilometre-long section of the Nanning–Youyiguan expressway (11 460 mi) south of the Gaoling interchange is known as the Nanning Airport Expressway  This section first opened in October 2000, and is so named because it connects the city centre with Nanning's international airport, Nanning Wuxu International Airport  As this section was built prior to the other sections, it uses different exit numbers than those employed on the rest of the expressway (in which kilometre zero is at the San'an interchange)  Instead, the exit numbers reset, with the Gaoling interchange serving as kilometre zero for this section This section of expressway is toll-free  Just south of the Gaoling interchange, all motorists must stop at a toll booth  Immediately after the toll booth, the Nahong exit provides access to and from the city centre of Nanning from the south 
The Nanning Airport Expressway section of the Nanning–Youyiguan expressway traverses through Jiangnan District in a southwesterly manner, ending at the Wuxu exit, where it connects to Airport Road and Nanning Wuxu International Airport 

Wuxu to Youyiguan
The final section of expressway, from the Wuxu exit to the Vietnam border, is 180 063 kilometres (111 886 mi) in length  This section of expressway is tolled from the Wuxu exit to the Pingxiang exit  West of the Wuxu exit, motorists must stop at a toll booth 
The expressway enters the prefecture-level city of Chongzuo immediately after the Suxu exit  At the Yuanjing exit, the Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway connects with the S60 Qinzhou–Chongzuo Expressway to the east  This exit opened along with the opening of the Qinzhou–Chongzhou expressway on 31 December 2012 The expressway passes just south of the city centre of Chongzuo, before continuing west to the county-level city of Pingxiang  The section of expressway between the Wuxu and Chongzuo exits has a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph)  The speed limit between the Chongzuo and Ningming exits, just before Pingxiang, is 80 km/h (50 mph), and between Ningming and Youyiguan is 60 km/h (37 mph)  The section between Ningming County and Youyiguan parallels much of China National Highway 322 and the Hunan–Guangxi Railway 
Entering Pingxiang, motorists must stop at a toll booth, marking the end of the tolled stretch of expressway  Immediately after the toll-booth is an at-grade intersection with China National Highway 322 and Jinxiang Avenue, the only at-grade intersection on the expressway  The expressway makes a sharp turn southward toward the Vietnam border and its southwestern terminus at Youyiguan  At Youyiguan, individuals must pass through the border checkpoint before entering Vietnam  On the Vietnamese side of Youyiguan is the northern terminus of North–South Expressway 

Exit List
Passage 4:
Guandong, Guangxi
Guandong (Chinese: 官垌) is a Chinese town located Northeastern Pubei, Qinzhou, Guangxi, which is famous for Guandong Fish 
Passage 5:
Tonghe Station
Tonghe Station (Chinese: 同和站; pinyin: Tónghé Zhàn; Jyutping: tung4wo4 zaam6) is a metro station on Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro  The underground station is located at the intersection of Guangzhou Avenue (广州大道) and Tongsha Road (同沙路) in the Baiyun District of Guangzhou  It started operation on 30 October 2010 
Passage 6:
Kaiping
Kaiping (Chinese: 开平), alternately romanized in Cantonese as Hoiping, is a county-level city in Guangdong Province, China  It is located ín the western section of the Pearl River Delta and administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen  The surrounding area, especially Sze Yup (Chinese: 四邑), is the ancestral homeland of many overseas Chinese, particularly in the United States   Kaiping has a population of 688,242 as of 2017 and an area of 1,659 square kilometres (641 sq mi)  The locals speak a variant of the Sze Yup dialect 

History
During the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), Kaiping was under the administration of Xin'an county (信安縣)
Under the Qing (1649), Hoiping County made up part of the commandery of Shiuhing (Zhaoqing)  It was promoted to county-level city status in 1993 

Administration
Administratively, Kaiping is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen 

Geography
Kaiping's city centre is located on the Tanjiang River, 140 kilometres (87 mi) away from Guangzhou, on the edge of the county Kaiping west of the Pearl River Delta  Kaiping consists of broken terrain, mostly either rocky or swampy, with only a third of the land arable   The county is shaped like a giant question mark (see map, in pink) and includes rural areas as well as three port cities: Changsha, Xinchang, and Dihai 

Notable people
Wing-tsit Chan: Chinese American scholar
Ed Chau: member of the California State Assembly
George Chow: member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
Yun Gee: Chinese American artist
Víctor Joy Way: Chinese Peruvian politician
Betty Kwan Chinn: Chinese American philanthropist
Lee Quo-wei (1918–2013): former Hong Kong banker
Liang Xiang: former Governor of Hainan
Betty Ong: American flight attendant aboard American Airlines Flight 11
Jean Quan: former mayor of Oakland, California
Bing Thom: Chinese Canadian architect and urban designer
Szeto Wah (1931–2011):  Hong Kong politicianSzutu, Chiu: scholar, his publishing included inter generation of Chinese new zealanders,the biography of architecet Ron FongDelbert E  Wong: Los Angeles County jurist who was the first judge in the continental United States of Chinese descent
Ken Hom: Chinese-American chef, BBC TV presenter, and author

Sights
Kaiping Diaolou
Kaiping Diaolous (碉楼) are fortified multi-storey towers constructed in the village countryside of mainly the Kaiping area   They were built from the early Qing Dynasty to the early 20th century, reaching a peak in the 1920s and 1930s, with the financial aid of overseas Chinese, when there were more than three thousand of these structures  Today, 1,833 diaolou are still standing, with the most in the towns of Shuikou (水口镇), Tangkou (塘口镇), Baihe (百合镇), Chikan (赤坎镇), and Xiangang (蚬冈镇), in that order (see map in article by Batto) In the late 19th and early 20th century, Kaiping was a region of major emigration abroad, and a melting pot of ideas and trends brought back by overseas Chinese, Huaqiao, made good   As a consequence, many watchtowers incorporated architectural features from China and the West   These were examples of the Qiaoxiang (僑鄉) architecture   The diaolou were built by villagers during a time of chaos and served two purposes: housing and protecting against forays by bandits In 2007, the Kaiping diaolou and villages were added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and consist of four separate restored village areas: Zilicun village (自力村) in Tangkou, Sanmenli village (三门里) in Chikan, Jinjiangli village (锦江里) in Xiangang, and Majianglong village cluster (马降龙村落群) in Baihe township The Kaiping diaolou was the location for parts of the filming of 2010 movie Let the Bullets Fly (让子弹飞) 

		
		
		
Examples of diaolous include:

Yinglonglou (迎龙楼), oldest extant diaolou in Kaiping, in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township) built by the Guan (关族) lineage during the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty (1522-1566), is a massive three-storey fortress with one-meter thick walls, in contrast with the high tower diaolou built much later with the aid of Huaqiao 
Jinjiangli Diaolou Cluster (锦江里雕楼群), situated behind Jinjiangli Village (Xiangang Township), includes three exquisite diaolous: Ruishi Lou, Shengfeng Lou, and Jinjiang Lou  Ruishi Diaolou, constructed in 1921, has nine floors and is the tallest diaolou in Kaiping  It features a Byzantine style roof and a Roman dome 
The Majianglong diaolou cluster (马降龙雕楼群) is spread across five villages (Baihe township) in a bamboo forest: Yong'an and Nan'an Villages of the Huang (黄) family; Hedong, Qinglin, and Longjiang Villages of the Guan (关) family 
Zilicun Diaolou Cluster (自力村雕楼群), located in Zilicun Village (Tangkou township), includes nine diaolous, the largest number among the four Kaiping villages designated by UNESCO  They feature the fusion of Chinese and various Western architectural styles and rise up surrealistically over the rice paddy fields 
Fangshi Denglou - Built in 1920 after contributions from villagers, this denglou is five storeys high  It is referred to as the "Light Tower" because it had an enormous searchlight as bright as the beam of a lighthouse 
Li Garden, in Beiyi Xiang, was constructed in 1936 by Mr  Xie Weili, a Chinese emigrant to the United States 
Bianchouzhu Lou (The Leaning Tower), located in Nanxing Village was constructed in 1903  It has seven floors 
Nan Lou (南楼), or the "Southern Diaolou", located on the riverbank in Chikan township, which was known for seven local soldiers by the surname Situ (司徒) who died defending Chikan from the Japanese 

Chikan
Chikan (赤坎) is officially designated as a National Historic and Cultural Town of China (中国历史文化名镇)   The old town of Chikan has many historical sites that are about one hundred years old   For example, it has over 600 late-Qing and early-Republic historic Tong laus or Qilous (唐樓/ 騎樓) continuous, spanning over a length of 3 kilometers, including the riverside stretch along Dixi Lu (堤西路), sometimes referred to as 'European Styled Street'  Part of old Chikan town has been designated Chikan Studio City (赤坎影视城) for filming of historical scenes 
Chikan township also has two restored diaolous:  Yinglonglou, built by the Guan (关族) lineage in the Ming dynasty, and Nanlou, memorialized by the martyrdom of seven Situ clan (司徒族) members in the early 20th century 
Historically, Chikan has been shaped by these two competing clans  One example is the existence of two libraries: the Situ's library, opened in 1926, and, not to be outdone, the Guan's library, opened in 1931; both libraries funded by overseas Chinese and incorporated architecture features from overseas 
It is a famous and well-known location for braised pork in noodles to locals 
Chikan is to become a tourist destination and the closing of local stores, dining posts, and streets are scheduled for the summer of 2017 

Miscellaneous
Kaiping has been twinned with Mesa, Arizona, United States, since October 18, 1993 
Kaiping was a major source of emigrants at the turn of the 20th century  As a result, a large number of early Chinese Canadian and Chinese American communities had people who originated from Kaiping and its neighboring counties of Taishan, Enping and Xinhui, which is known collectively as Sze Yup  It is said that there are more Kaipingnese people living abroad today than there are Kaipingnese in Kaiping   In a 2016 report, Deloitte estimated that there are 750,000 Kaiping-born overseas Chinese In 1973, various people originated from Kaiping started the Hoi Ping Chamber of Commerce Secondary School in Hong Kong 

Climate
Notes
Passage 7:
Hunan–Guangxi Railway
The Hunan–Guangxi railway or Xianggui railway (simplified Chinese: 湘桂铁路; traditional Chinese: 湘桂鐵路; pinyin: xiāngguì tiělù), is a mostly electrified railroad in southern China that connects Hunan province and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region   The shortform name of the line, Xianggui, is named after the Chinese short names of Hunan, Xiang and Guangxi, Gui   The line runs  1,013 km (629 mi) from Hengyang in Hunan to Friendship Pass on Guangxi's border with Vietnam   Major cities along route include Hengyang, Yongzhou, Guilin, Liuzhou, Nanning, Pingxiang, and Friendship Pass 

History
The original single-track Xianggui Line was built in sections from 1937 to 1939 and 1950–1955 
In December 2008, construction began on a capacity-expansion project to a new pair of 723 7 km (450 mi) electrified tracks from Hengyang to Nanning, which would create a three-track line of 497 9 km (309 mi) between Hengyang and Liuzhou and a four-track line of 225 8 km (140 mi) between Liuzhou and Nanning   The expansion project was completed in December 2013   The new double-track from Hengyang to Liuzhou is called the Hengyang–Liuzhou intercity railway and the new double-track from Liuzhou to Nanning is called the Liuzhou–Nanning intercity railway 
As of May 2014, the southernmost section of the Xianggui Line, from Nanning to Pingxiang on the Vietnamese border, is undergoing capacity expansion to accommodate high-speed trains 

Passenger service
The Hunan–Guangxi railway is used by most trains traveling from Beijing, Shanghai, and other points in eastern China to Guangxi (Guilin, Nanning) and to the Vietnamese border  This includes the Beijing–Nanning–Hanoi through train 
At the end of 2013, high-speed passenger service was introduced on the Hunan–Guangxi railway as well  A direct G-series trains from Beijing makes it to Guilin in about 10 5 hours  D-series trains continue from Guilin to Nanning, taking less than 3 hours for the trip 

Rail connections
Hengyang: Beijing–Guangzhou railway
Yongzhou: Luoyang–Zhanjiang railway
Liuzhou: Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway, Guizhou–Guangxi railway
Litang Township: Litang–Zhanjiang railway, Litang–Qinzhou railway
Nanning: Nanning–Kunming railway; branch line to Qinzhou and Beihai
Pingxiang: Hanoi–Đồng Đăng Railway

See also
List of railways in China
Passage 8:
Ruyifang Station
Ruyifang Station (Chinese: 如意坊站; pinyin: Rúyìfāng Zhàn; Jyutping: jyu4ji3fong1 zaam6) is a station on Line 6 of the Guangzhou Metro  It is located underground in the Liwan District of Guangzhou  It started operation on 28 December 2013 

Construction incident
In the 03:00 hour of 5 October 2007, as the Ruyifang station was being dug up, water from an unidentified source covered a 300 m2 (3,200 sq ft) area of the construction site was submerged to a depth of 5 to 6 m (16 to 20 ft)  No injuries were reported, and by 06:30 on 6 October, the previously submerged  portion was re-sealed 

Station layout
Exits
Passage 9:
Diaolou
Diaolou (simplified Chinese: 碉楼; traditional Chinese: 碉樓) are fortified multi-storey watchtowers in rural villages, generally made of reinforced concrete  These towers are located mainly in the Kaiping (开平) county of Jiangmen prefecture in Guangdong province, China  In 2007, UNESCO designated the Kaiping Diaolou and Villages (Chinese: 开平碉楼与村落) a World Heritage Site, which covers four separate Kaiping village areas: Sanmenli (三门里), Zilicun (自力村), Jinjiangli (锦江里), and Majianglong village cluster (马降龙村落群)  These areas demonstrate a unique fusion of 19th and 20th-century Chinese and Western architectural styles 

History
Diaolou structures were built from the time of the Ming Dynasty to the early 20th century, reaching a peak during the Warlord Era in the 1920s and 1930s, with the financial aid of overseas Chinese, when there were more than three thousand of these structures  Today, approximately 1,800 diaolou remain standing, and mostly abandoned, in the village countryside of Kaiping, and approximately 500 in neighboring Taishan   They can also occasionally be found in several other areas of Guangdong, such as Shenzhen and Dongguan The earliest standing diaolou in Kaiping is Yinglong Lou (迎龙楼) in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township), built by the Guan lineage during the reign of Jiajing Emperor of the Ming dynasty (1522–1566)  It was a massive three-storey rectangular fortress with one-meter thick walls, with little resemblance with the high tower diaolous built four centuries later   Yinglong Lou was renovated in 1919 and is 11 4 meters high In the late 19th century and early 20th century, because of poverty and social instabilities, Kaiping was a region of major emigration abroad, one of the "pre-eminent sending area" of overseas Chinese   Diaolous built during the chaotic early 20th century were most numerous around the centers of emigration  Monies from emigrants wanting to ensure the security of their families, villages, or clan lineages were used to fund the diaolou   Although the diaolous were built mainly as protection against forays by bandits, many of them also served as living quarters   Some of them were built by a single family, some by several families together or by entire village communities   Kaiping became also a melting pot of ideas and trends brought back by overseas Chinese  As a result, the villagers built their diaolou to incorporate architectural features from China and from the West It wasn't until after 1949 when an administrative system that extended down to the small villages was created that the diaolou lost their defensive purpose and were then abandoned or converted   Still, they stand as a tribute to overseas Chinese culture and the perseverance of the peasants of Kaiping In 2007, UNESCO named the Kaiping Diaolou and Villages (开平碉楼与村落) a World Heritage Site  UNESCO wrote, "   the Diaolou     display a complex and flamboyant fusion of Chinese and Western structural and decorative forms  They reflect the significant role of émigré Kaiping people in the development of several countries in South Asia, Australasia, and North America, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the close links between overseas Kaiping and their ancestral homes  The property inscribed here consists of four groups of Diaolou, totaling some 1,800 tower houses in their village settings "  The four restored groups of Kaiping diaolou are in: Zilicun village (自力村) of Tangkou township (塘口镇), Sanmenli village (三门里) of Chikan township (赤坎镇), Majianglong cluster (马降龙) of Baihe township (百合镇), and Jinjiangli village (锦江里) of Xiangang township (蚬冈镇) 
The Kaiping diaolou was the location for parts of the filming of 2010 movie Let the Bullets Fly (让子弹飞) 

Examples
Yinglong Lou (迎龙楼), located in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township), was built by the Guan (关族) lineage during the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty (1522–1566)  As the oldest preserved diaolou in Kaiping, it retains the primitive model of a watchtower with traditional square structure and is not influenced by western architectural styles 
Jinjiangli Diaolou Cluster (锦江里碉楼群), situated behind Jinjiangli Village (Xiangang Township) of the Huang (黄) family, includes three exquisite diaolous: Ruishi Lou, Shengfeng Lou, and Jinjiang Lou  Ruishi Diaolou, constructed in 1921, has nine floors and is the tallest diaolou in Kaiping  It features a Byzantine style roof and a Roman dome 
Majianglong Diaolou cluster (马降龙碉楼群) is spread across five villages (Baihe township) in a bamboo forest: Yong'an and Nan'an Villages of the Huang (黄) family; Hedong, Qinglin, and Longjiang Villages of the Guan (关) family  Tianlu Lou (Tower of Heavenly Success), located in Yong'an Village, was built in 1922 and is seven storey tall plus a roof top floor 
Zilicun Diaolou Cluster (自力村碉楼群), located in Zilicun Village (Tangkou township), includes nine diaolous, the largest number among the four Kaiping villages designated by UNESCO  They feature the fusion of Chinese and various Western architectural styles and rise up surrealistically over the rice paddy fields 
Fangshi Denglou – Built in 1920 after contributions from villagers, this denglou is five stories high  It is referred to as the "Light Tower" because of an enormous searchlight with a brightness much like that of a lighthouse 
Li Garden, in Beiyi Xiang, was constructed in 1936 by Mr  Xie Weili, a Chinese emigrant to the United States 
Bianchouzhu Lou (The Leaning Tower), located in Nanxing Village (南兴村) in Xiangang township, was constructed in 1903  It has seven floors and overlooks a pond 

Gallery
See also
Cantonese architecture
Chikan, Kaiping
Kaiping
Himalayan Towers
Passage 10:
Huaxia Art Centre
Huaxia Art Centre is a facility for art and culture located on the outskirts of the Overseas Chinese Town in the Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China 
The 13,500 square metres (145,000 sq ft) centre was completed in 1990 and opened in 1991  It has since hosted a variety of large national and international conferences, exhibitions, and artistic and cultural events From February to June 1997, it hosted the Provisional Legislative Council of Hong Kong 
The centre underwent renovations between May 2004 to March 2005 to replace seats and add film studios 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Phil Stamp
Philip Lawrence Stamp (born 12 December 1975) is an English former footballer, best known for his time with Middlesbrough and Heart of Midlothian  He made his first-team league debut for Middlesbrough on 10 October 1993, at the age of 17, in a 2–0 defeat to Watford  He started for Middlesbrough in the 1997 FA Cup Final defeat to Chelsea  After Middlesbrough he played for Heart of Midlothian and Darlington, scoring a superb free kick for the latter against Shrewsbury Town  and including a match against Notts County when he played in goal for the second half 
Passage 2:
St Albans RFC
St Albans Rugby Club is a rugby union club based in St Albans, South-east England  The 1st XV currently plays in London NW3 following promotion from Herts/Middlesex1 at the end of the 2019-20 season 

History
The club was formed in 1970 by their first chairman, Peter Baines  The club formed as an open rugby club with many players joining from the old Electrical Apparatus Company (EAC) rugby club which played off New Barnes Avenue 
Initially the club used changing rooms at Westminster Lodge and a rented pitch situated just above the hypocaust in Verulamium Park  The North Western PH (now a block of flats) on the corner of Prospect Road and Holywell Hill provided a club room and meals on match days  In 1976 the club acquired the short term lease from St Albans School for a pitch and  clubhouse off Belmont Hill 
1983 saw the club move to their current ground at Boggymead Springs, off Oaklands Lane, at Smallford, obtained on a long term lease from Hertfordshire CC  The clubhouse was officially opened by the England scrum half, Dickie Jeeps, in October that year 

Other sports
St Albans RFC also hosts Ultimate Frisbee with St Alban Ultimate and recently the Hertfordshire Cheetahs American football team who play in the BAFA National Leagues Division 2 East 

Playing level
The club currently plays in London North West 3  In 2012 the 1st XV won the Herts Presidents' Tankard for the 2nd time and for a 3rd time in 2019  “Saints” are again finalists in 2020  The club also fields 2nd and 3rd XV sides which compete in the local Herts/Middlesex League (HMMT) Merit Tables St Albans RFC welcomes players of all abilities, as well as social members 

Twickenham appearance
In 1995 the club qualified from over 500 junior clubs to reach the final of the Pilkington Shield at Twickenham, where they played and lost to Bedford Queens 11-10 immediately prior to the Wasps v Bath Pilkington Cup Final  The club qualified to enter the Pilkington Cup itself a few years later, through reaching the Hertfordshire President’s Cup final 

Club honours
1st team

Hertfordshire 1 champions: 1993–94
London Division 3 North West champions: 2004–05
Hertfordshire Presidents' Tankard winners (3): 2010, 2012, 20192nd XV'

Herts and Middlesex Merit Table 6 champions: 2016–17
Herts and Middlesex Merit Table 6 Plate champions: 2016–17
Herts and Middlesex Merit Table 4 champions: 2019–20
Passage 3:
Adam Johnson (footballer)
Adam Johnson (born 14 July 1987) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger  A product of the Middlesbrough youth academy, he came to prominence after making his debut aged 17 in a UEFA Cup match  He made 120 appearances for Middlesbrough, also spending time on loan at Leeds United and Watford 
In February 2010, Johnson moved to Manchester City, where he won the FA Cup in 2011 and the Premier League the following season  He was signed by his hometown club Sunderland for £10 million in 2012  Johnson played at various levels for England, earning 12 caps at senior level 
In March 2015, Johnson was arrested and charged over sexual activity with a 15-year-old girl, with England's age of consent being 16  Johnson continued to play for Sunderland during his bail  The following February, he pleaded guilty to two charges against him, the other being one of child grooming, and was subsequently sacked by Sunderland  In March 2016, Johnson was found guilty of sexual activity with a child and sentenced to six years in prison  He was released in 2019 after serving half his sentence 

Early life
Johnson was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, and brought up in Easington, County Durham, in North East England  He played for Cleveland Juniors Football Club and attended Easington Community Science College  Upon seeing Johnson score two goals at a Wembley Stadium seven-a-side school match, Johnny Haynes told Johnson he was "a great little player" with "a lovely left foot" 

Club career
Middlesbrough
Early career
At the age of 12, Johnson was taken in by Middlesbrough's youth academy, having previously attended Newcastle United's Centre of Excellence between 1995 and 1997  He and his Boro teammates David Wheater, Tony McMahon and Andrew Taylor were part of the squad that won the 2003–04 FA Youth Cup He made his senior début aged 17 on 17 March 2005 in the UEFA Cup in the 1–0 defeat away to Sporting CP which saw the club eliminated 4–2 on aggregate in the last 16, replacing Doriva for the last 11 minutes  Almost six months later, on 10 September, he made his Premier League debut, and first senior start, deputising for the injured fellow academy product Stewart Downing in a 2–1 home win against Arsenal  For much of the first half of the 2005–06 season, he was on the bench as an unused substitute, mainly in the UEFA Cup matches  He made his second start in the competition against Litex Lovech on 15 December and set up Massimo Maccarone's first goal in a 2–0 win  For the rest of the season, he remained in the team's matchday squads, albeit as Downing's deputy or an unused substitute Johnson's first goal for Middlesbrough came in a midweek Premier League match away to Bolton Wanderers on 3 May 2006, opening the scoring in a 1–1 draw with "a mazy run from the left flank before curling in a deflected shot"  He was playing due to Middlesbrough's involvement in the 2006 UEFA Cup Final, which was to be played a week later as Steve McClaren rested most of the first team squad  On 30 June 2006, he signed a new four-year contract extension 

Loans to Leeds United and Watford
On 16 October 2006, he joined Leeds United on a month-long loan after being signed by Leeds' caretaker manager John Carver, but with Leeds struggling in the Championship, it was hard for Johnson to impress despite getting the man of the match award on his debut  After playing four matches during his month-long loan spell, Johnson returned to Middlesbrough as Leeds chose not to extend his loan  Later on in the season, he came on as a substitute in the FA Cup replay with Bristol City and played a vital role in seeing Middlesbrough through to the next round by setting up one goal and scoring the winning penalty in the shootout In September 2007, Johnson joined Championship club Watford on a three-month loan  He played 12 matches for the club, scoring five times, before being recalled to Middlesbrough earlier than stipulated in the deal following some brilliant performances  Coincidentally, Watford's form dipped after his departure 

Return to Middlesbrough
In the final match of the season, he scored an 18-yard (16-metre) strike from a loose ball just minutes after coming on as a substitute in Boro's 8–1 victory over Manchester City  In the 2008–09 season, he managed to make 32 appearances, half of those as substitutes as Downing was first choice  He managed to start most of the fixtures near the end of the season when Downing was ruled out with a long-term injury Johnson became an important part of Boro's Championship team for the 2009–10 season following Downing's transfer to Aston Villa, scoring three of Boro's five goals in the first three matches  He led the Boro scoring charts, with eight goals, for the entire first half of the season despite being a winger, which led to new manager Gordon Strachan expressing his concern about overrelying on Johnson for goals  In the 18 August match at Scunthorpe United, he missed a penalty awarded for a foul on Rhys Williams and scored another after being tripped by the Scunthorpe goalkeeper in the penalty box when both went for the rebound After a bright start to the season, the highly rated youngster became a subject of transfer rumours, but the Boro management insisted that he would not be sold  He chose not to extend his contract, however, which was to end after the 2009–10 season  On 13 December, he was substituted for Marvin Emnes after picking up a hamstring injury in the 1–0 home loss to Cardiff City but returned to score a penalty against Scunthorpe in a 3–0 win, thus taking his goal tally into double figures  He scored a brace for the third time in the season when he turned in a man of the match performance against Doncaster Rovers on 26 January to end Boro's winless away streak stretching back to October In recognition of his consistent performances, Johnson was voted for the North East Football Writers' Young Player of the Year award, joining a string of Boro players to do so 

Manchester City
When the winter transfer window opened, Johnson was again the subject of transfer speculation and Middlesbrough reportedly received a bid from Manchester City  Interest from Manchester City was heightened after Adam Johnson played City weeks earlier in an FA Cup third round  Although Johnson had to go off injured in the first half, he was arguably the best player on the pitch during his 30-minute spell  On 1 February 2010, City signed him for an undisclosed fee, rumoured to be in the region of £7 million, on a four-and-a-half-year contract Johnson made his first appearance for the club on 6 February, coming on as substitute for Stephen Ireland against Hull City  Three days later, he made his first start against Bolton Wanderers on the right side of a three-man attack alongside Carlos Tevez and Emmanuel Adebayor, finishing as the man of the match  Johnson scored his first goal against Sunderland; he curled a left footed effort into the top corner one and a half minutes into injury time to secure a last-gasp 1–1 draw  His performance, which earned the man of the match award, led England manager Fabio Capello to publicly praise him and consider him for selection On New Year's Day, he scored the winner in the 1–0 win against Blackpool, dedicating his goal to Dale Roberts, his friend and Rushden & Diamonds goalkeeper who committed suicide on 14 December 2010  He ended the season with his first senior trophy of his career, the 2011 FA Cup, coming on as a substitute in the final After scoring in two 3–0 wins against Inter Milan and League of Ireland XI in the pre-season Dublin Super Cup, he started in Manchester City's first Premier League match of the season against Swansea City, getting an assist as his shot was saved by Michel Vorm and the rebound scored by Edin Džeko  City went on to win the match 4–0  He scored his first goal of the season during a 4–0 win against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park, curling a shot into the top corner to make the score 1–0 at the time  He followed it up with a goal in the next match against Aston Villa, with the match finishing 4–1 to City  On 26 October 2011, he scored and got an assist in a 5–2 League Cup win against Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux  Three days later, he again scored against Wolves, this time in a 3–1 home league win  In the next round, he assisted the only goal of the match, playing a through-ball for Sergio Agüero to score, in a 1–0 win away to Arsenal  He came on as a late sub in a 5–1 home win over Norwich City and scored his fifth goal of the season  His sixth goal of the season came in a 3–0 win against Stoke City on 21 December  On 14 April, he scored in a 6–1 win against Norwich at Carrow Road  He ended that season with 26 league appearances as Manchester City won the 2011–12 Premier League in dramatic circumstances on the last day of the season 

Sunderland
On 24 August 2012, his hometown team Sunderland signed Johnson on a four-year-contract for £10 million  Sunderland manager Martin O'Neill said "Adding quality players to the squad has been our main aim this summer and Adam certainly fits that bill  He has terrific ability, great delivery and I'm sure he is a player who will excite the fans  I couldn't be more delighted to have him at the club " On 28 August, Johnson made his first appearance for Sunderland in a 2–0 win over League Two team Morecambe in the League Cup second round, assisting both goals at the Stadium of Light  He scored his first goal for the club on 10 November, opening the scoring in a 1–2 defeat away to Everton  He scored the only goal of a win over former club Manchester City at home on 26 December  In April 2013, against Sunderland's fierce rivals Newcastle at St James' Park, Johnson's picked up the ball on Sunderland's right and cut inside before sending a curling effort past Newcastle goalkeeper Rob Elliot with his left foot to score Johnson's first goal of the 2013–14 season came in the League Cup against Milton Keynes Dons after a run from his own half, as Sunderland scored four goals in 12 minutes to win 4–2  However, his form suffered as Sunderland struggled to one point from the first eight matches, a run that cost manager Paolo Di Canio his job  Johnson's next goal came in a 2–1 home defeat to Tottenham on 7 December After losing his place in the starting line up, the FA Cup third round match with Carlisle United marked a turning point in Johnson's fortunes as he scored a free kick and played a part in both other goals in Sunderland's 3–1 win  Two days later, Johnson was brought on as a substitute in the League Cup semi-final first leg against Manchester United, and won a penalty after being fouled by Tom Cleverley, which Fabio Borini scored to give Sunderland a 2–1 advantage going into the second leg  Manager Gus Poyet praised Johnson's contribution as 'outstanding'  On 11 January 2014, he scored his first career hat-trick and assisted Ki Sung-Yueng, inspiring Sunderland to a 4–1 away win against Fulham which lifted them off the bottom of the table  He was the Premier League Player of the Month for January 2014  On 2 March in the League Cup Final against Manchester City, he assisted Borini for the opening goal in the tenth minute, but Sunderland lost 1–3 

His first goal of the 2014–15 season came on 27 August in the League Cup against Birmingham City, where he scored the second goal in a 3–0 win  His first league goal of the season came on 13 September, where he scored a solo effort in a 2–2 draw with Tottenham Hotspur at the Stadium of Light  On 21 December he scored a 90th-minute winning goal away to Newcastle, securing Sunderland's 4th consecutive win over their local rivals, and his third goal in three seasons against the club  Five days later, Johnson opened the scoring after just 30 seconds against Hull City, but was unable to help the team avoid defeat as they went on to lose 1–3  He scored his fifth goal of the season on New Years Day 2015, scoring from a penalty to make the score 2–2 against Manchester City, although Sunderland would go on to lose the match 3–2 He was immediately suspended by Sunderland on 2 March 2015 after his arrest on suspicion of having sexual activity with a 15-year-old girl,  His suspension lasted for 2 matches under manager Gus Poyet; following Poyet's sacking and the appointment of new manager Dick Advocaat on 17 March, Johnson returned to the club on 18 March and played in the next game on 21 March  Despite Johnson later being charged with three offences, Sunderland continued to select him while he initially pleaded not guilty to all charges  During Johnson's trial, he claimed that he admitted to Sunderland in May 2015 that he had kissed the girl and sent her sexually explicit messages Having played the first match of the new season, Johnson picked up an injury in August 2015, putting him out for two months  On 25 October, he scored a penalty in the Tyne–Wear derby, opening the scoring before half time in an eventual 3–0 win  Johnson played what would be his last match for Sunderland on 6 February 2016, the weekend before the start of his trial, scoring one of Sunderland's goals in a 2–2 draw with Liverpool  Five days later Johnson had his contract terminated after he pleaded guilty to sexual activity with a child under the age of 16 and grooming 

International career
A former England under-19 international, Johnson was called up for the under-21 team at the 2009 UEFA U21 Championships in Sweden  He scored once in qualification and again in the first leg of the qualification play-offs against Wales U21s as the Young Lions narrowly won 5–4 on aggregate to qualify for the tournament  During the tournament, he started in two of the three group stage matches  He won the man of the match award in the final group stage match against Germany that ended in a 1–1 draw and converted his penalty in the semi-final shoot-out win against Sweden In late February 2010, Johnson was named in the senior squad for the first time in Fabio Capello's 30-man shortlist for the upcoming March friendly against Egypt in May, but did not make the final 23  Two months later, Capello named Johnson in his preliminary 30-man 2010 FIFA World Cup squad  Johnson made his England debut on 24 May in a FIFA World Cup warm-up match, a 3–1 friendly victory against Mexico at Wembley Stadium  Johnson came on as a late substitute for James Milner  The following week Capello announced his final 23-man squad, and Johnson failed to make the cut England's first match after the 2010 FIFA World Cup was against Hungary at Wembley Stadium  Johnson was named in the starting line-up for the first time, making his full England debut and playing the entire match  He scored his first international goal on 3 September 2010 against Bulgaria in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier, which England won 4–0  He scored his second international goal against Switzerland in a 3–1 win after coming on as an early substitute for the injured Theo Walcott  In all, he made five appearances in qualifying as England progressed to the finals of UEFA Euro 2012 Fabio Capello resigned as England coach in February 2012, and Stuart Pearce took temporary charge  Johnson started Pearce's only match as England manager, a 2–3 defeat at the hands of the Netherlands  When Roy Hodgson took over in May 2012, Johnson was not selected in Hodgson's 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2012, but was named on standby in case of injuries  He totalled 12 England caps and scored two international goals 

Sexual crimes and conviction
In December 2014, Johnson began communicating over social media with a 15-year-old female fan while his partner was pregnant  The following 17 January, he met up with the girl in his Range Rover, where he signed two Sunderland shirts for her  Thirteen days later, they met again, and Johnson kissed the girl On 2 March 2015, Johnson was arrested by Durham Police on suspicion of having sexual activity with an underage girl, who was 15  On 23 April, he was charged with three offences of sexual activity with a child under 16 and one of child grooming, to which he pleaded not guilty in June  An initial trial date in Durham in September 2015 was later moved to February 2016 in Bradford Crown Court On 10 February 2016, at the start of his trial, Johnson pleaded guilty to "one count of sexual activity with a child and one count of grooming"  He denied two further counts of underage sexual activity  The trial lasted for sixteen days, was presided over by Circuit Judge Jonathan Rose, the lead barrister for the prosecution was Kate Blackwell QC and the lead barrister for the defence was Orlando Pownall QC  On 2 March 2016, Johnson was found guilty on a majority verdict of 10–2 of one count of sexual activity with a child and found not guilty of a second count of the same crime  In a victim impact statement, the girl stated that she suffered abuse on social media during the time Johnson claimed innocence, that she had lost confidence and that her school work had suffered  A court psychiatrist for the defence found Johnson to be "socially and psychologically immature" and stated that there was no evidence that Johnson had a sexual attraction to prepubescent children Johnson was granted bail in order to say farewell to his infant daughter  On 24 March 2016, he was sentenced to six years in prison for grooming and sexual activity with a girl aged 15  The judge also ordered him to pay £50,000 of the prosecution's legal fees of £67,132  In investigations, police found animal pornography on Johnson's laptop; he was not tried for possession of these files  Pownall said before the sentencing that Johnson had been "stripped of his England caps" but the FA later confirmed that this was not the case and that they cannot take caps away from players  After his sentencing, Johnson was held at HM Prison Leeds  On 12 April, Johnson's legal team launched an appeal against his sentence  On 15 April, Johnson was moved to HM Prison Moorland near Doncaster  On 12 July, his appeal was refused, and a second appeal was refused on 16 March 2017 In April 2017 video footage taken inside HMP Moorland appeared to show Johnson talking to fellow inmates about his conviction  In the footage, Johnson talks about his victim and the fact that he believes his sentence was lengthened due to his position as a professional footballer Johnson was released on 22 March 2019, after serving half of his sentence 

Reaction
Johnson was immediately suspended by Sunderland following his arrest, and missed two games before being returned to the team while on bail  He played in 28 games throughout the following 11 months, until he was first dropped from the team on 11 February 2016, and then later sacked by Sunderland, after pleading guilty at trial to two of the four counts put against him  His endorsement by Adidas was also terminated as a result, and EA Sports removed his likeness from the FIFA 16 video game After the conviction, Sunderland manager Sam Allardyce faced scrutiny for continuing to select Johnson during his bail, particularly following allegations that the club had seen documents in May 2015 suggesting that Johnson acknowledged his guilt  Allardyce, who had joined the club only in October 2015, claimed that he was not aware of such documents and had always been informed that Johnson was to plead not guilty; a Sunderland press release made the same statement In court, Johnson claimed that he had confessed to Sunderland chief executive Margaret Byrne on 4 May 2015  Byrne, a former lawyer, was due to appear as a witness for his defence but did not take the stand  Sunderland's supporter association desired to question her over her knowledge of the case  Byrne resigned on 8 March 2016, regretting her "serious mistake", but claimed that she had not made the club aware of Johnson's admission, nor was she aware that he was to plead guilty Pownall confirmed that Johnson intended to appeal against his conviction  Johnson's sister Faye urged supporters to change their Facebook profile pictures to one of Johnson and his daughter and a slogan proclaiming his innocence  She had set up an online group for supporters of his innocence, which reached 1,000 likes before being shut down after being reported by users including North East-based child protection vigilantes Dark Justice  The chief executive of the Professional Footballers' Association, Gordon Taylor, said that Johnson had "damaged the reputation of football" and that his chances of playing again were "very remote" 

Personal life
Johnson attended school, and the academies of Sunderland and Middlesbrough, with Dale Roberts, who went on to play as a goalkeeper  Roberts committed suicide on 14 December 2010, which Johnson subsequently described as "the worst day of my life" Prior to his imprisonment, Johnson lived in Castle Eden, County Durham  He has a daughter, born in January 2015, with his former partner Stacey Flounders  In February 2016, while giving evidence at his trial, Flounders announced that she and Johnson had separated, claiming that he had confessed to infidelity with other women  During his imprisonment in 2017 he sold his home, Tollgate Lodge, for £1 7 million  It was purchased by Durham and England cricketer Ben Stokes  Upon his release from prison he returned to live in Castle Eden in a seven-bedroom home he had built during his imprisonment   He and Stacey Flounders had their second child a son born in July 2021 

Career statistics
Club
As of match played 6 February 2016

International
As of match played 15 August 2012As of match played 15 August 2012
Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Johnson goal 

Honours
Manchester City

Premier League: 2011–12
FA Cup: 2010–11
FA Community Shield: 2012Individual

Premier League Player of the Month: January 2014
Passage 4:
Carl Johnson (soccer)
Carl Johnson (September 18, 1892 – February 15, 1970) was a U S  soccer midfielder   He was the first U S  player from Chicago to play for the national team   Johnson earned two caps with the U S  national team   His first came at the 1924 Summer Olympics when he played in the U S  loss to Uruguay in the quarterfinals   Following the tournament, the U S  had two exhibition games   Johnson played in the first, a 3–2 win over Poland   Johnson played with the Chicago Swedish-Americans 
He died in Tampa, Florida 
Passage 5:
Leeds United F C 
Leeds United Football Club is a professional football club based in Leeds, West Yorkshire in England  The club play their home matches at Elland Road and compete in the Championship, the second tier of the English football league system 
Leeds United have won the League Championship three times, four Second Division titles, the FA Cup once, the EFL Cup once, the Charity Shield twice and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice  The club had their most successful period under the management of Don Revie in the 1960s and 1970s, when they won the League title twice, the FA Cup once, the League Cup once and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice  The club have also been runners-up five times in the League Championship, three times in the FA Cup, once each in the EFL Cup, the Charity Shield, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, the Cup Winners' Cup and the European Cup, and lost the play-off to keep the Inter-City Fairs Cup trophy The club has rivalries with Manchester United and Chelsea  The team's traditional kit colours are white shirts, white shorts and white socks  Their badge features the White Rose of York, which is a symbol of Yorkshire  "Marching on Together" is the club’s official anthem and is regularly sung by supporters 

History
Pre-Leeds United
Leeds United's predecessor, Leeds City, was formed in 1904 and elected to League membership in 1905  They drew bigger crowds to Elland Road following Herbert Chapman's arrival  In 1914 Chapman declared; "This city is built to support top-flight football", but Leeds City were forcibly disbanded and forced to sell off all their players by The Football League in 1919 in response to allegations of illegal payments to players during the First World War  At Salem Chapel in 1919, Leeds United was formed, and they received an invitation to enter the Midland League, being voted into it on 31 October, taking the place vacated by Leeds City Reserves  Following Leeds City's disbanding, Yorkshire Amateurs bought their stadium Elland Road  Yorkshire Amateurs offered to make way for the new team under the management of former player Dick Ray The chairman of Huddersfield Town, Hilton Crowther loaned Leeds United £35,000, to be repaid when Leeds United won promotion to the First Division  He brought in Barnsley's manager Arthur Fairclough and on 26 February 1920, Dick Ray stepped down to become Fairclough's assistant 

1920–1960
On 31 May 1920, Leeds United were elected to the Football League  Over the following years, they consolidated their position in the Second Division and in the 1923–24 season won the title and with it promotion to the First Division  They failed to establish themselves and were relegated in 1926–27  After their relegation, Fairclough resigned, which paved the way for Ray to return as manager  In the years up until the start of World War II Leeds were twice relegated; on both occasions they were re-promoted the following season On 5 March 1935, Ray resigned and was replaced by Billy Hampson, who remained in charge for 12 years  In the 1946–47 season after the war, Leeds were relegated again, with the worst league record in their history  After this season, Hampson resigned (he stayed with Leeds as their chief scout for eight months) and was replaced in April 1947 by Willis Edwards  In 1948, Sam Bolton replaced Ernest Pullan as the chairman of Leeds United  Edwards was moved to assistant manager in April 1948 after just one year as manager  He was replaced by Frank Buckley Leeds remained in the Second Division until 1955–56, when they once again won promotion to the First Division, inspired by John Charles  Charles was hungry for success at the highest level, and manager Raich Carter was unable to convince him that Leeds could satisfy his ambitions  Charles was sold to Juventus for a then world record of £65,000  The loss of Charles resulted in Leeds being relegated to the Second Division in the 1959–60 season 

1961–1974: Don Revie era
In March 1961, the club appointed former player Don Revie as manager, following the resignation of Jack Taylor  His stewardship began in adverse circumstances; the club was "in financial difficulty" and in 1961–62 only a win in the final game of the season saved the club from relegation to the Third Division  Revie implemented a youth policy and a change of kit colour to an all-white strip in the style of Real Madrid, and Leeds won promotion to the First Division in 1963–64 In the 1964–65 season, Leeds finished second to rivals Manchester United on goal average  They also reached the final of the FA Cup, losing 2–1 to Liverpool at Wembley after extra-time  In the 1965–66 season, Leeds again finished second in the league, whilst also reaching the semi-finals of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing on aggregate to Spanish side Real Zaragoza despite manager Revie ordering the fire brigade to flood the pitch before the replay at Elland Road The 1966–67 season saw Leeds finish 4th in the league, as well as reaching the semi-finals of the FA Cup, losing 1–0 to Chelsea and the final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing 2–0 to GNK Dinamo Zagreb With Leeds failing to land a trophy, they nearly doubled their record transfer in 1967–68, buying Sheffield United centre-forward Mick Jones for £100,000  The season saw Leeds win their first major trophy, the League Cup, with Terry Cooper scoring the only goal of a 1–0 victory against Arsenal in the final  Leeds finished fourth in the First Division and were beaten in the FA Cup semi-finals by Everton  They also reached a second successive Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final and this time won the trophy, beating Hungarian club Ferencváros over two legs; Leeds won the first leg 1–0, and a month later defended their lead with a 0–0 draw in Budapest Having found success in both domestic and European cup competitions, manager Revie chose to focus on the league for the 1968–69 season  Leeds secured the title in April 1969 with a 0–0 draw with challengers Liverpool at Anfield, whose supporters congratulated Leeds  Leeds set a number of records including most points (67), most wins (27), fewest defeats (2), and most home points (39); a still-unbroken club record is their 34 match unbeaten run that extended into the following season  Leeds reinforced their front line breaking the British transfer record by signing Allan Clarke from Leicester City for £165,000  They targeted the treble in 1969–70 and came close to achieving this, only to fail on all three fronts in a congested close season, finishing second in the league to Everton, losing the 1970 FA Cup final to Chelsea (after a replay), and exiting the European Cup with a semi-final defeat to Celtic Having rejected an offer to manage Birmingham City, Revie chose to remain at Leeds for the 1970–71 season  Leeds and Arsenal both challenged for the title that season, though it would be the Gunners who would claim the league title, finishing one point ahead of Leeds after the latter lost to West Bromwich Albion following a controversial "offside" goal  United were also knocked out of the FA Cup by Fourth Division side Colchester United  Leeds again found success in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup though, beating Juventus in the final on away goals  Leeds again finished as runners-up in the 1971–72 season, but United did reach the 1972 FA Cup final, lifting the trophy after a 1–0 victory over Arsenal in the final In the 1972–73 season, the Whites again came close to a Treble, but they finished third in the league, losing the 1973 FA Cup final to Second Division Sunderland 1–0 against all expectations, and reached the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup against Italian club AC Milan at the Kaftanzoglio Stadium, where they were beaten 1–0 following some controversial refereeing by Christos Michas who was later banned by UEFA for 'fixing' other matches  Revie was offered the managers role at Everton in the summer, but chose to remain at Leeds  The following season, they won the 1973–74 First Division with a five-point lead over second-placed Liverpool  Revie chose to take the job of England national team manager at the end of the 1973–74 season In his 13 years in charge, Revie guided Leeds to two Football League First Division titles, one FA Cup, one League Cup, two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, one Football League Second Division title and one Charity Shield



ground_truth: no

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: The player who laid motionless for ten minutes in the Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident was born in which year ?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Too Many Cooks (TV series)
Too Many Cooks is a British cookery competition that aired on ITV from 1 November 2004 to 4 September 2005 and hosted by Kate Garraway for the first series and Jeni Barnett for the second series  The judges for the first series were Brian Turner and James Martin while the second series judges were Gino D'Acampo, Richard Phillips and Alex MacKay 

Format
Four teams of two people competitively cook for three judges  Each team is told what to cook and are given ten minutes to cook a starter, twenty minutes to cook a main course, and ten minutes to cook a pudding  A couple is eliminated after each course, leaving two teams to compete at the pudding stage 

Transmissions
External links
Too Many Cooks at UKGameshows com
Passage 2:
La cuisine en dix minutes
La cuisine en dix minutes, ou l'Adaptation au rhythme moderne (English title: French Cooking in Ten Minutes, or, Adapting to the Rhythm of Modern Life, also Cooking in Ten Minutes, or, Adapting to the Rhythm of Modern Life) by Édouard de Pomiane, published in 1930, was an early and influential title on the subject of convenience cooking  It attempted to render many of the basic techniques of classic French cooking into a quick form for people who did not have time to cook 
Compared to modern convenience cookbooks, almost everything is from scratch, though a good number of recipes call for canned vegetables (a modern cook might use frozen vegetables instead) as well as commercially available charcuterie products such as sausages and pâté  De Pomiane also adopts a rather tongue-in-cheek approach to writing and admonishes the reader to limit complexity and plan carefully 
The book has been translated into several languages  The first German translation appeared in 1935, the first English translation in 1948  The book is still popular, particularly in the English speaking part of the world  The latest English edition appeared in 2008, in 2010 the British Newspaper The Observer put it on rank 41 on its list of the 50 best cookbooks of all time 
Passage 3:
West Coast Express (ice hockey)
The West Coast Express was an ice hockey line that played for the National Hockey League's (NHL) Vancouver Canucks from 2002 to 2006  Named after Vancouver's commuter rail service, the line consisted of captain Markus Näslund at left-wing, Brendan Morrison at centre, and Todd Bertuzzi playing right-wing  The West Coast Express was a high scoring line that was considered to be one of the best lines in hockey during its tenure 
Each player was acquired by the Canucks through various trades  Once each member arrived in Vancouver it took two years before the line played together regularly  Once they did, they helped to set a Canucks franchise record for points in 2002–03 season (later surpassed), a season in which the West Coast Express accounted for 45% of the team's goal production  All three players recorded their most individually recognized and best statistical seasons while playing on the line  Despite regular season success, the Canucks were never able to advance past the second round of the playoffs during the West Coast Express years  The line was disbanded when Bertuzzi was traded to the Florida Panthers after the 2005–06 season  Both Morrison and Naslund played through the 2007–08 season with the Canucks before leaving the organization via free agency 

History
Player acquisitions
The Vancouver Canucks made the Stanley Cup Finals in 1994, but proceeded to regress as a franchise progressively finishing worse each season  As such they began attempting to add skill players to the line-up through trades  The Canucks made various deals to "move the program forward and in a different direction"  With the franchise moving in a new direction the first member of the West Coast Express line arrived in Vancouver on March 20, 1996, when left wing Markus Naslund was traded to the Canucks by the Pittsburgh Penguins for Alek Stojanov  Naslund struggled to start his Canucks career and during the 1997–98 season he requested to be traded  It was not until the 1998–99 season that Naslund emerged as an offensive leader with the Canucks, leading them in goals (36) and points (66) Todd Bertuzzi was the second member of the line to join the Canucks' franchise, when he was acquired by Vancouver via a trade during the 1997–98 season  The New York Islanders received former Canuck captain Trevor Linden in exchange for right winger Bertuzzi, defenceman Bryan McCabe and a third-round selection in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft (Jarkko Ruutu)  Bertuzzi began the 1998–99 season playing on a line with Mark Messier at centre and Alexander Mogilny on right wing  Bertuzzi played with the two until he suffered a fractured tibia, an injury that resulted in Naslund gaining increased ice time 
The final piece came to the Canucks on March 14, 2000, with the acquisition of Brendan Morrison  In an attempt to improve their team to make a Stanley Cup run, the New Jersey Devils traded Morrison and centre Denis Pederson for Mogilny at the National Hockey League's (NHL) trade deadline  Upon his arrival Morrison did not begin playing with Naslund and Bertuzzi nor did he begin his Canucks' career at centre, instead he began on the wing 

Express years
Although the three did not begin playing together immediately,  Bertuzzi and Naslund regularly played together on the top line with centres Mark Messier and Andrew Cassels  Starting with their arrival in 2000, head coach Marc Crawford often moved Bertuzzi to the second line to play with twin brothers Henrik and Daniel Sedin to complement their cycling game  Morrison spent time on the third line with agitator Matt Cooke  Morrison joined Naslund on the top line due to an injury to Cassels in early November of the 2001–02 season, the two were joined by Trent Klatt on right wing, with Bertuzzi playing on a line with the twins   During the game Bertuzzi joined Naslund and Morrison on a power play marking one of the first times the line was together  The Canucks won the game but the line did not remain together as Cassels returned from injury, Klatt was injured and Bertuzzi was returned to the second line  The first game the trio played together as a regular line was on January 9, 2002  In the game they registered two first period goals in a 5–4 loss to the Detroit Red Wings  Crawford liked the idea of having his two top scorers together, how Morrison worked with them on the power play, and felt Morrison could handle the demands of playing with two players who wanted the puck  In their second game together the line continued to its strong play as each member recorded two points in a 7–1 win over the Carolina Hurricanes  After being put together they were given the name West Coast Express, a reference to a commuter train of the same name that provides service along a 65 kilometres (40 mi)  route between Mission, British Columbia and Vancouver, British Columbia  By the end of the season each player set new career highs in points to that time in their careers  Naslund raised his point total by fifteen finishing the year as the league's second leading scorer up thirty-one spots from the previous season  Bertuzzi enjoyed the biggest point increase on the line adding thirty points and moving from eighty-first in league scoring to third  Vancouver finished the season as the eighth seed in the Western Conference  The West Coast Express totaled three goals and nine points in the playoffs before being eliminated in six games by the top seeded Detroit Red Wings  In the off-season, Naslund received NHL first team All-Star honours 
The 2002–03 season was the West Coast Express' best season, as each member of the line again increased their point total to career highs  Naslund finished the year with 48 goals and 104 points again ranking him second in the league in points and goals  The fourth highest point total in franchise history to that point in time  Bertuzzi recorded 46 goals and 97 points, his goal total ranked him third in the league in goal scoring  Morrison's 71 points remains a career high which he has not gotten within 11 points of since  During the year Naslund scored a career-high four goals in a 6–3 win over the Edmonton Oilers, tying a Canucks record for most goals in a single game  In the game Bertuzzi added a goal and two assist while Morrison notched two assists of his own giving the line nine points in the game  Later in the season the West Coast Express helped the Canucks go on a 14-game unbeaten streak highlighted by back to back blowout wins to close out the streak  In the 13 game of the streak, a 7–2 win over the Columbus Blue Jackets, the line registered 5 goals and 12 points  The following game the trio increased their output to 5 goals and 14 points  In the contest both Bertuzzi and Morrison registered two goals and two assists  Naslund scored a goal and added five assists for a career-high six point night  The Canucks finished the season with 104 points, a franchise record at the time  The West Coast Express accounted for 45% of the Canucks' 264 goals during the season   Finishing fourth in the Western Conference, the Canucks faced the St  Louis Blues in the playoffs  They fell behind St  Louis 3–1 in the series, but rallied back to force a game seven  In the deciding game, Naslund scored for the fourth consecutive game in the series and Morrison added the eventual game winner as the Canucks advanced to the second round  Facing off against the Minnesota Wild in game one of round two, the Canucks trailed late in the game  With just 8 7 seconds remaining, Bertuzzi won a critical face-off before Naslund took a shot that resulted in Cooke scoring on the rebound to force overtime, where the Canucks eventually ran out 4–3 winners  Vancouver took a 3–1 series lead before the Wild rallied to tie the series and force a game seven  The Canucks took a 2–0 lead in the game after Bertuzzi scored twice in the second period  Following his second goal, Bertuzzi skated by the Wild bench and said "Get your golf clubs out, boys, its over " The Canucks preceded to surrender four consecutive goals, losing the game 4–2 and eliminating them from the playoffs  It was the last playoff game the trio would play together  In the off season Bertuzzi and Naslund were named to the NHL first All-Star team  Additionally Naslund was awarded the Lester B  Pearson Award (since renamed the Ted Lindsay Award), given to the league's best player as voted by the NHL Players' Association 

End of the Express
The following season each member of the West Coast Express suffered a decline in performance  The trio were unable to complete the season as a unit due to injuries and suspension  On February 16, 2004, in a game against the Colorado Avalanche, Naslund received a "questionable hit" from the Avalanche's Steve Moore  Suffering a minor concussion from the hit and a hyper-extended elbow when he fell to the ice, he missed three games due to his injuries  While Moore was unpenalized for the hit, some Canucks players felt that it was a "cheap shot"  In the second rematch of the two teams after Moore's hit on Naslund, Vancouver allegedly put a "bounty" on Moore and were out to make him "pay a price"  Early in the game, Moore clashed with Cooke, but later refused to fight Bertuzzi, despite being taunted and followed around the ice   After being refused the fight, Bertuzzi punched Moore in the head from behind and slammed him into the ice  Bertuzzi was subsequently suspended indefinitely by the NHL, and the resulting injuries ended Moore's career and left him suffering from concussion symptoms over the following seven years  Despite the loss of Bertuzzi, the Canucks won the Northwest Division  In the opening round Vancouver faced their division rival Calgary Flames  In the series Vancouver fell behind three games to two  They took a 4–0 lead in game six before the Flames came back to tie the game and send it to overtime  The game remained tied into the third overtime when Morrison scored at the 2:28 mark to force game seven  In game seven the Canucks were again trailing late into the third period in the closing seconds Naslund went around Flames defenceman Jordan Leopold drove the net and put a shot on goal  Flames goaltender Miikka Kiprusoff, made the save but Cooke scored on the rebound with just 5 7 seconds remain to force overtime  The Canucks failed to capitalize on the change in momentum as the Flames' Martin Gelinas scored 1:25 into overtime eliminating Vancouver  Naslund recorded nine points in the seven-game series while Morrison chipped in five  During the off-season Naslund received the last of his individual NHL honors being named a First Team NHL All-Star once again Following the cancellation of the 2004–05 season due to a labor dispute, Bertuzzi was reinstated for the 2005–06 season  With the return of all three line mate and new rules designed to increase offensive chances the Canucks entered the year with high hopes  Despite this, Naslund and Morrison's point production again decreased from their last NHL season  Bertuzzi point total increased, however, he played in 13 more games than his previous season  The Canucks missed the playoffs for the first time in four years and the only time during the West Coast Express' tenure  During the off season, the line was officially dismantled when Bertuzzi was traded to the Florida Panthers, along with goaltender Alex Auld and defenceman Bryan Allen, in exchange for goaltender Roberto Luongo, defenceman Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round selection in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft (Sergei Shirokov)  Both Naslund and Morrison played two more years with the Canucks, often together (but not always), before signing as free agents with the New York Rangers and the  Anaheim Ducks respectively in the summer of 2008 

Legacy
During its time, the West Coast Express was widely considered one of the most dominant line combinations in the league  The mid-nineties witnessed the increased popularity of defensive schemes like the neutral zone trap which slowed the game, limiting scoring and offensive chances  The emphasis on defensive has been blamed for diminishing fan interest  When Naslund was traded to Vancouver in 1996 the Canucks often played in a half empty arena and there were rumors about the franchise moving  The line's offense first style helped to popularize the franchise  They began to sell out home games on a regular basis and started to have a following on the road  In the 2002–03 season the Canucks 264 goals was the highest total for the franchise in nine years  It remained unsurpassed by another Canucks team until the 2009–10 team, which featured the NHL's leading scorer, Henrik Sedin  The franchise record for points they set that same season stood for only two seasons until it was surpassed in 2006–07 season  During which Roberto Luongo set a franchise record for goaltender wins with 47, a single season win total that is also tied for second most all-time in NHL history 

Career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
Passage 4:
Steve Moore (ice hockey)
Steven Francis Moore (born September 22, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played in parts of three National Hockey League (NHL) seasons with the Colorado Avalanche 
Moore is widely known for suffering a career-ending injury as a result of an on-ice attack by then-Vancouver Canucks forward Todd Bertuzzi on March 8, 2004, as revenge for another incident involving Moore in a prior game between the teams that season  The fall-out from the event has contributed to a growing effort to curb gratuitous violence in hockey, and professional sports in general  To this day, Moore is still experiencing symptoms of the attack, including headaches 

Playing career
Steve Moore was drafted by the Colorado Avalanche in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft in the second round, the 53rd pick overall  Moore played in 69 games for the Avalanche from 2001 to 2004, scoring five goals and seven assists, all of which were scored in the later season, before being seriously injured by Todd Bertuzzi who at the time played for the Vancouver Canucks (see below)  At the time of the incident, the Avalanche were first overall in the NHL standings, and Moore was playing on the Avalanche's top line, on right wing, with linemates Joe Sakic (center), and Paul Kariya (left wing) 

The Bertuzzi incident
On February 16, 2004, during a Vancouver-Colorado game, Moore injured Canucks team captain Markus Näslund with a high hit while Näslund was reaching for a puck through centre ice  Moore contacted Näslund's head in the play  No penalty was called in connection with the hit, but Näslund suffered a concussion and a bone chip in his elbow as a result, and missed three games  After reviewing tapes of the hit, the NHL ruled that the hit was legal and did not fine or suspend Moore  Canucks head coach Marc Crawford and general manager Brian Burke publicly criticized the non-call by the referees on the incident 
During the next game between the Canucks and Avalanche held in Denver on March 3, 2004, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman and NHL executive vice-president Colin Campbell attended the game, which ended in a tie and saw no major incidents break out 
However, on March 8, 2004, during another rematch between the Avalanche and Canucks, things went differently  In the first period, Moore fought Vancouver player Matt Cooke in a fairly even brawl, and served the 5-minute penalty for fighting  The Avalanche would go on to build up a large lead of 8–2 in a fight-filled game  Shortly before the midway mark of the third period, Todd Bertuzzi was sent onto the ice  After failing to instigate Moore to fight, Bertuzzi skated after Moore, pulled him back by the jersey and punched him in the back of the head  As Moore fell unconscious to the ice, Bertuzzi's weight and momentum drove Moore's head into the ice   Moore's teammate Andrei Nikolishin and Bertuzzi's teammate Sean Pronger then piled on to Moore and Bertuzzi   Moore was knocked out and lay motionless for ten minutes before being carried off on a stretcher  The combination of the hit, fall, and piling-on had resulted in three fractured neck vertebrae, facial cuts and a concussion Bertuzzi was assessed a match penalty for his actions, which carries an automatic indefinite suspension under NHL rules   On March 11, 2004, the NHL announced Bertuzzi would remain suspended for at least the remainder of the Canucks' season, including any playoff games   The IIHF subsequently honoured the NHL suspension, preventing Bertuzzi from playing in any international tournaments or leagues during the 2004–05 NHL lockout, effectively leaving Bertuzzi professionally inactive for the entirety of the lockout season 
On August 22, 2004, Moore was released from a Denver-area hospital  He wore a neck brace for one year and then started physical therapy for his neck injury and concussion 
On February 17, 2005, Moore filed a civil lawsuit against Bertuzzi  Also named were Brad May (who was quoted as saying that there would  "definitely be a bounty on Moore's head" after the game), Brian Burke and the Canucks organization  The lawsuit was thrown out in October 2005, with the judge suggesting that the lawsuit be re-filed in Canada, where the incident took place  The lawsuit was re-filed in Canada, in February 2006 
On August 8, 2005, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman announced that Bertuzzi would be allowed to play again at the start of the 2005–06 NHL season  In the league's decision, they cited many reasons for ending the suspension, such as: 

Bertuzzi serving a suspension of 20 games, which at the time tied for 4th longest in NHL history (13 regular season games, 7 playoff games)
Bertuzzi's forfeited salary ($501,926 39 USD)
Significant uncertainty, anxiety, stress and emotional pain caused to Bertuzzi's family
The commissioner's belief that Bertuzzi was genuinely remorseful and apologetic for his actionsOn August 12, 2005, Brian Burke, formerly Vancouver's general manager who was now serving in the same capacity with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, had made an offer to Moore  It was a two-way contract that would have paid Moore $475,000 US in the NHL and $75,000 if the player suited up for Portland, the Ducks' American Hockey League affiliate  Moore's lawyer Tim Danson described the offer as a self-serving attempt by Burke (who was a defendant in the lawsuit) to mitigate potential legal damages, by attempting to suggest Moore was a minor league player  Further, Danson said that Moore would return to the Avalanche except that Moore was not medically cleared to play hockey, which Brian Burke was well aware of, and described it as adding insult to injury 
On August 15, 2005, Bertuzzi broke his 17-month-long silence by expressing a desire to move on with his life  "I'm sure just like Steve Moore and his family, it's been difficult for both parties  I know I wish that day never happened  It's been some tough times, but I've got good family and good friends and good peers in the league that have helped me get over the hump and move forward and come through it "On November 8, 2005, Moore's Toronto-based lawyer, Tim Danson, said that Moore was skating and doing regular workouts, but continued to suffer concussion-related symptoms   He continued working out for some years afterward, but had to abandon his comeback attempt when it became apparent he would never be medically cleared to return to the ice again 
In July 2012, former Avalanche enforcer Scott Parker, who had been a teammate of Moore's very briefly the season prior to the Bertuzzi incident in 2004, made some controversial comments  In an interview with milehighhockey com, Parker was quoted as saying "he (Moore) went to Harvard, you know what, blow me  College grad  I never went to college, but I can kick your ass  I'll bring you right down to my IQ level if you want  I'll hit you about four times in the skull, that'll bring you right down "

Civil lawsuit
On February 16, 2006, Moore filed a civil suit in the province of Ontario against Bertuzzi, the Canucks, and the parent company of the Canucks, Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment for the loss of his NHL career, in his Rookie Year  The lawsuit was seeking $15 million in pecuniary damages for loss of income, $1 million for aggravated damages, and $2 million for punitive damages  Moore's lawyer filed the suit one day before its two-year limitation expired, saying it was because Steve Moore did not want to file the suit and waited until the last minute while he tried to attain medical clearance to resume his career Bettman attempted to get Bertuzzi and Moore to agree on an out-of-court settlement in the Can$19,500,000 lawsuit filed by Moore   Bertuzzi offered $350,000 to settle the case, an amount which was called "an insult" by Moore's lawyer On March 28, 2008, Bertuzzi filed a lawsuit against Crawford, alleging that he was contractually obliged to obey Crawford and that therefore Crawford shares responsibility for the injury to Moore   In response, Crawford later stated that Bertuzzi acted in "direct disobedience" to orders from the bench to get off the ice before attacking Moore   On January 14, 2013, The Toronto Star reported that both Moore v  Bertuzzi, et al  and Bertuzzi v  Crawford would begin, after having been postponed several times, in April 2013  Both cases will be held in the Ontario Superior Court before a six-person jury On January 4, 2012, Bertuzzi dropped his third-party lawsuit against Crawford  In the month of October 2013, it was announced that the court date for Moore v  Bertuzzi, et al  will begin on September 8, 2014  On July 2, 2014, Moore's lawsuit was amended, seeking $68 million in damages, up from $38 million  On August 19, 2014, it was announced that an out-of-court settlement had been reached in Steve Moore's lawsuit  Terms of the settlement are confidential 

Personal
Steve Moore's older brother Mark, and younger brother, Dominic, all played four years at Harvard University  Because of their relative closeness in age, all three were able to play in the same year for Harvard during the 1999–2000 season  Dominic also went on to play in the NHL 

Career statistics
Awards and honors
See also
Notable families in the NHL
Violence in ice hockey
Passage 5:
Ten Minutes (The Get Up Kids song)
"Ten Minutes" is a song by the Get Up Kids  The single was released as part of the Sub Pop Records Singles Club  1300 pressings were black, with only 100 pressings of the single on clear vinyl  A re-recorded version of it appears on their album Something to Write Home About  On July 2, 2005 The Get Up Kids performed for the last time before their hiatus at the Uptown Theater in Kansas City, MO  "Ten Minutes" was the last song they played 

Track listing
Additional releases
"Ten Minutes" was released on the band's rarities and B-sides compilation Eudora and their live album Live! @ The Granada Theater 
"Anne Arbour" was released on the band's second EP, Red Letter Day and their rarities and B-sides compilation Eudora 
"Ten Minutes" was re-recorded for the band's second full-length studio album Something to Write Home About 

Personnel
Matt Pryor – vocals, guitar
Jim Suptic – vocals, guitar
Rob Pope – bass
Ryan Pope – drums
James Dewees – vocals, keyboard
Passage 6:
Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident
The Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident (also called the Steve Moore incident, the Todd Bertuzzi incident, and the Bertuzzi–Moore incident) happened during a National Hockey League (NHL) game between the Vancouver Canucks and the Colorado Avalanche at Vancouver's General Motors Place on March 8, 2004 
In the first period, Steve Moore of the Avalanche fought Matt Cooke of the Canucks and served a 5-minute major penalty for fighting  The Avalanche would go on to build up a large lead in a fight-filled game  Late in the third period, Todd Bertuzzi was sent onto the ice for Vancouver  After failing to instigate Moore to fight, Bertuzzi skated after Moore, grabbed his jersey and punched him in the back of the head, knocking him unconscious   Bertuzzi landed on top of him, driving Moore face first into the ice, and Moore's teammate Andrei Nikolishin and Bertuzzi's teammate Sean Pronger piled onto them  Moore was knocked out and lay motionless for ten minutes before being carried off on a stretcher  The combination of the hit, fall, and piling-on had resulted in three fractured neck vertebrae, facial cuts and a concussion  The incident ended Moore's professional hockey career, and resulted in criminal assault charges against Bertuzzi, and a civil lawsuit against Bertuzzi and the Canucks 
On August 19, 2014, it was reported the lawsuit ended with all parties agreeing to a confidential settlement 

Background and prelude
On February 16, 2004, during a game between Vancouver and Colorado, Avalanche center Steve Moore injured Canucks team captain Markus Näslund by hitting him hard in the head while Näslund was reaching for the puck ahead of him  Näslund, the league's leading scorer at the time, suffered a minor concussion and a bone chip in his elbow, knocking him out of the lineup for three games  Referee Dan Marouelli did not call a penalty, ruling the hit legal, a judgment shared by the league upon further review after the game Canucks head coach Marc Crawford publicly criticized the no-infraction call, claiming that Marouelli and his partner, Rob Martell, needed to show "respect" for the league's leading scorer  Vancouver president and general manager Brian Burke, the league's former chief disciplinarian, described the play as "a marginal player going after a superstar with a headhunting hit"   Several Canucks players were also vocal against Moore in the media  In particular, forward Brad May issued a "bounty" on Moore, while Bertuzzi called him a "piece of s**t " Näslund missed three games as a result of the hit and returned in time for the next game between the Canucks and Avalanche on March 3  With NHL commissioner Gary Bettman in attendance, the contest was played to a 5–5 tie without incident 

The incident
In a rematch five days later, the Canucks were more active in physically pursuing Moore  In one of four fights in the first period, Canucks forward Matt Cooke fought Moore six minutes into the game  At the first intermission, with the score already 5–0 for Colorado, NHL executive vice-president Colin Campbell and director of officiating Andy Van Hellemond placed a phone call to the two referees overseeing the game to discuss the potential for an escalation in physicality  With Colorado leading 8–2 midway through the third period, Bertuzzi began following Moore around the ice, attempting to provoke him into another fight  With Moore ignoring him, Bertuzzi grabbed Moore's jersey from behind and punched him in the back of the jaw, rendering Moore immediately unconscious  Moore's head hit the ice with Bertuzzi falling on top of his body  Several other players from both teams jumped atop Moore after he fell to the ice  A line brawl erupted, involving all remaining skaters except for the goaltenders on the ice  Canucks fans initially cheered at Bertuzzi's actions believing that Moore had it coming for what happened two games before, but as the fighting died down and it became apparent that Moore was seriously injured, the arena became silent After lying on the ice for approximately 10 minutes, Moore was removed from the playing surface on a stretcher  With eight minutes remaining in the third period and the outcome effectively decided, Avalanche general manager Pierre Lacroix reportedly asked referees to end the game  The contest was nonetheless played out with the Avalanche winning 9–2  Moore was taken to Vancouver General Hospital and later transferred to a Denver hospital, where he was treated for three fractured vertebrae in his neck, a grade-three concussion, vertebral ligament damage, stretching of the brachial plexus nerves, and facial lacerations  He was also suffering from amnesia Two days after the incident, Bertuzzi scheduled a press conference in which he wept and apologized to Moore and his family, as well as to Burke, Canucks owner John McCaw, Jr , the Canucks organization, his teammates, and the fans  He added, "For the kids that watch this game, I'm truly sorry  I don't play the game that way  And I'm not a mean-spirited person "

Reactions and disciplinary actions
NHL
Bertuzzi was assessed a match penalty and ejected from the game   Per league rules, he was also suspended indefinitely pending a ruling from Bettman  On the morning of his apology, he attended a disciplinary hearing with NHL officials in Toronto, along with his agent, Pat Morris, and Brian Burke  The following day, on March 11, 2004, the league ruled he would remain suspended for at least the remainder of the Canucks' season, which ultimately cost him the final 13 games of the regular season plus seven playoff games  The Canucks were additionally fined $250,000  While the following NHL season was suspended due to the 2004–05 lockout, many players went overseas to play in Europe  Upon learning that Bertuzzi was intending to do the same, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) extended his NHL suspension to cover their jurisdiction  He did, however, participate with other NHL players in a December 2004 charity game, held in Vancouver  The game was organized by Brad May in partnership with the Vancouver Giants, a junior club in the Western Hockey League (WHL), and raised funds for Canuck Place, a Vancouver children's hospice sponsored by the Canucks  Bertuzzi received a standing ovation from the sellout crowd Though the NHL lockout had not yet been resolved between the league and the players, Bettman scheduled a reinstatement hearing for Bertuzzi on April 26, 2005  The hearing was attended separately by Bertuzzi and Moore  After the lockout officially ended and the NHL was set to resume play for the 2005–06 season, Bettman announced Bertuzzi's reinstatement on August 8, citing that "Mr  Bertuzzi ha[d] paid a very significant price for his conduct," adding that he felt Bertuzzi was "genuinely remorseful and apologetic " Bertuzzi's 17-month suspension caused him to miss a total of 20 games—the fourth-longest suspension in NHL history at the time  The suspension accounted for $501,926 39 in forfeited salary, as well as an approximate $350,000 in lost endorsements  Bettman also cited "uncertainty, anxiety, stress and emotional pain for the Bertuzzi family" resulting from the suspension as a reason for his reinstatement 

IIHF
Releasing a statement on December 17, 2004, the IIHF described Bertuzzi's actions as "an extremely serious violation of the rules" which put "the sport into disrepute " The decision was based on an IIHF statute which allows it to ban any player from playing internationally if he has been deemed "detrimental to the best interest" of hockey  Suspended by both the NHL and IIHF, Bertuzzi remained professionally inactive during the 2004–05 season   The IIHF's sanction also kept him from representing Canada in the 2004 and 2005 World Championships, as well as the 2004 World Cup On the day of his reinstatement, Team Canada's executive director, Wayne Gretzky, offered Bertuzzi a spot on the national team's summer orientation camp in preparation for the 2006 Winter Olympics  A week later, Bertuzzi broke his 17-month-long public silence by again admitting to his mistake and expressing a desire to move on with his life  He stated, "I'm sure just like Steve Moore and his family, it's been difficult for both parties  I know I wish that day never happened  It's been some tough times, but I've got good family and good friends and good peers in the league that have helped me get over the hump and move forward and come through it "

Legal action and lawsuits
Original 2005 - 2008 lawsuit
Beyond his NHL and IIHF suspensions, legal action was taken against Bertuzzi in the provincial courts of British Columbia and Ontario, as well as in  Colorado state court  After a four-month investigation, the criminal justice branch of the Attorney General of British Columbia announced on June 24, 2004, he was being formally charged with assault causing bodily harm  With the charge, Bertuzzi faced up to one-and-a-half years in prison  Several months later, on December 22, Bertuzzi pleaded guilty to the assault charge after arranging a plea bargain with prosecutors  He was given a conditional discharge requiring 80 hours of community service and one year's probation that additionally prohibited him from playing in any hockey game Moore was competing in  Under Canadian law, Bertuzzi's successful completion of his probationary period precluded him from having a criminal record  Moore expressed disappointment regarding Bertuzzi's discharge and was upset that he was unable to attend the court date, having to issue a written victim statement instead  Moore's lawyer, Tim Danson, was given one day's notice of the court date following Bertuzzi's plea bargain, which he said was insufficient time for Moore to travel to Vancouver On February 17, 2005, Moore filed a lawsuit in a Colorado court against Bertuzzi  Also named in the lawsuit were numerous individuals within the Canucks organization, including Brad May (Bertuzzi's teammate at the time who was quoted as saying that there would "definitely be a price on Moore's head" after Moore's hit on Näslund), Brian Burke, Marc Crawford, as well as the Canucks organization as a whole and the Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment company that owned the team  The lawsuit was thrown out in October 2005, as the Colorado judge ruled the case was better suited for Canadian courts, as Moore and all the defendants were Canadian citizens  Planning to appeal the decision, Danson stated publicly the following month that Moore had begun skating and doing regular workouts, but continued to suffer concussion-related symptoms 
On February 16, 2006, the day of Bertuzzi's first Olympic game with Team Canada, Moore filed another lawsuit in the Ontario Superior Court against Bertuzzi, the Canucks, and Orca Bay, seeking CAD$15 million in pecuniary damages for loss of income, CAD$1 million for aggravated damages, and CAD$2 million for punitive damages  Moore's parents, who were watching their son on television when the attack happened, also sued, seeking CAD$1 5 million for "negligent infliction of nervous shock and mental distress"   Moore's lawyer filed the suit one day before its two-year limitation expired, denying there was any connection between the timing and Bertuzzi's participation in the 2006 Winter Olympics In December 2006, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman and top lieutenant Bill Daly facilitated a meeting between Moore's representatives and the defendants in hopes of agreeing on an out-of-court settlement  As court proceedings continued into the next year, Danson misfiled a confidential letter to Bertuzzi's lawyer, Geoffrey Adair, as a public document  The letter revealed that in July 2006, Adair asked Danson in a meeting whether Moore would accept a CAD$1 million settlement; Danson indicated that the figure was insufficient  The letter also revealed that Bertuzzi and Orca Bay subsequently offered a joint settlement of CAD$350,000 in the December 2006 meeting with Bettman several months later, an amount Danson described as insulting 
During the lawsuit's discovery process, Danson asked the Ontario judge to void the formal transfer of Bertuzzi's CAD$1 2 million home in Kitchener, Ontario, to his wife, which occurred five weeks after his actions against Moore  It was argued that the transfer was intended to "make Bertuzzi creditor-proof to the greatest extent possible " Meanwhile, Adair expressed his concern regarding the leaked letter between him and Danson impairing the possibility of a fair trial  In December 2007, Moore further amended the lawsuit, seeking an increased CAD$35 million for loss of income and CAD$3 5 million for the suffering of his parents That same month, the Ontario Superior Court released statements pertaining to the lawsuit in which Bertuzzi testified that Crawford was to blame for his actions against Moore, an allegation corroborated by new Canucks general manager Dave Nonis, who was then director of hockey operations for the club  Bertuzzi claimed that Crawford told players during the second intermission of the March 8 game that Moore needed to "pay the price" for his earlier hit against Näslund  Statements filed from Danson further claimed that Crawford had pointed to Moore's name and number on a board in the Canucks' dressing room during the intermission, calling for the players to take action  The Canucks formally denied both parties' claims, saying "At no time did the Vancouver Canucks organization or any of its management and employees, including former coach Mr  Crawford, encourage or promote the incident that occurred between Todd Bertuzzi and Steve Moore "In lieu of the allegations against Crawford, Bertuzzi filed a third-party complaint against his former coach on March 3, 2008  He alleged that he was contractually obliged to obey Crawford and that the coach should be held personally liable for any legal damages Moore might be awarded in court  In response, Crawford formally stated that Bertuzzi acted in "direct disobedience" to orders from the bench to get off the ice before attacking Moore  The suit was settled between the two in July 2011, though details regarding the agreement were kept undisclosed to Danson and Moore  The following year, a court decision required the settlement details to be revealed as part of the Moore-Bertuzzi trial 

2011 lawsuit
Five years after filing the Ontario suit, Danson told reporters in March 2011 that in order to fully gauge the extent of Moore's injury, the case had not yet proceeded  At the time, he was not yet employed and still experiencing headaches  After several delays, in October 2013 it was announced that the court date for the trial between Steve Moore and the Canucks/Bertuzzi will be September 8, 2014  On July 2, 2014, during Steve Moore's first appearance at his civil trial, he further amended the lawsuit, seeking CAD$68 million in damages, up from CAD$38 million  On August 19, 2014, it was announced that an out-of-court settlement had been reached in Steve Moore's lawsuit  Terms of the settlement are confidential 

Aftermath
On August 8, 2005, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman announced that Bertuzzi would be allowed to play again at the start of the 2005–06 NHL season  In the league's decision, he cited many reasons for ending the suspension, such as:

Bertuzzi's serving a suspension of 20 games, which at the time tied for 4th longest in NHL history (13 regular season games, 7 playoff games)
Bertuzzi's repeated attempts to apologize to Moore personally
Bertuzzi's forfeited salary ($501,926 39 USD)
Lost endorsements (approximately $350,000 00, both figures in United States dollars)
Significant uncertainty, anxiety, stress and emotional pain caused to Bertuzzi's family
The commissioner's belief that Bertuzzi was genuinely remorseful and apologetic for his actionsOn August 12, 2005, Brian Burke, formerly Vancouver's general manager who was now serving in the same capacity with the Anaheim Ducks, had made an offer to Moore  It was a two-way contract that would have paid Moore $475,000 US in the NHL and $75,000 if the player suited up for Portland, the Ducks' American Hockey League affiliate  Moore's lawyer Tim Danson objected that Moore was considered a minor league player by Burke  Danson also described the offer as a self-serving attempt to mitigate potential legal damages, saying that Moore was not medically cleared to play hockey and describing it as adding insult to injury 
Bertuzzi was inactive in 2004–05 due to the players lockout and his ongoing suspension, which had been extended internationally  Bertuzzi returned to the Canucks in 2005–06, as the league ended his playing ban  He recorded 25 goals and 71 points, including two hat tricks (November 13, 2005, against the Detroit Red Wings and January 14, 2006, against the New York Islanders)  Though he ranked third in team scoring, Crawford has recalled that by the end of the season, Näslund and Bertuzzi had been eclipsed by Daniel and Henrik Sedin as the team's offensive leaders  Moore continued working out for several years afterward, but ultimately abandoned his comeback efforts when it became apparent he would never be medically cleared to play again 
There was speculation that the effects of the Steve Moore incident were negatively affecting Bertuzzi's play  While on the road, he was consistently heckled and booed by fans throughout the NHL  Näslund, a close friend of Bertuzzi's, later expressed sympathy for him, saying in a 2008 interview, "It still bothers me what Todd has had to go through     There's no question he was standing up for me     it all went too far "Beyond the negative impact on Bertuzzi's individual play, the media speculated that the fallout from the Moore incident had become a distraction to the organization as a whole  Compounding the situation in Vancouver, the Canucks had missed the playoffs for the first time in four years  As such, general manager Dave Nonis spent the off-season making significant changes to the Canucks lineup  On June 23, 2006, he traded Bertuzzi to the Florida Panthers, along with goaltender Alex Auld and defenceman Bryan Allen, in exchange for goaltender Roberto Luongo, defenceman Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round selection in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft (Sergei Shirokov)  After seven-and-a-half seasons with the Canucks, Bertuzzi left the club ranked seventh all-time among franchise scoring leaders with 449 points 

See also
Richard Riot
Donald Brashear - Marty McSorley incident
Violence in ice hockey
Passage 7:
Alpha and Omega (film)
Alpha and Omega is a 2010 American computer-animated film directed by Anthony Bell and Ben Gluck  Starring the voices of Justin Long, Hayden Panettiere, Dennis Hopper, Danny Glover and Christina Ricci, the film was written by Christopher Denk and Steve Moore, based on a story by Moore and Gluck  This film sets around two young Rocky Mountain wolves named Kate and Humphrey who fall in love with each other, but are on the opposite ends of their pack  However, when Kate and Humphrey learn that they got relocated to Idaho for repopulation, they must work together to get back to Jasper National Park before a war slowly begins to emerge between both packs 
The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2010, and was released nationwide in 2-D and 3-D on September 17, 2010, by Lionsgate Films  The film was dedicated to the memory of Dennis Hopper, as he died from prostate cancer four months before it was released, and this was his final performance prior to his death 
Although it received negative reviews, the film eventually turned into a franchise of direct-to-video sequels including Alpha and Omega 2: A Howl-iday Adventure, which was released on October 8, 2013  Another sequel, The Great Wolf Games, was released on March 25, 2014  The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave was released on September 23, 2014  Family Vacation was released to DVD on August 4, 2015  Dino Digs was released on DVD and Digital HD on May 10, 2016  It was followed by The Big Fur-eeze, which was released on November 8, 2016  The eighth and final installment, Journey To Bear Kingdom was released on DVD and Digital HD on May 9, 2017 

Plot
In Alberta, Canada’s Jasper National Park, Omega wolf Humphrey and his Omega friends attempt to log board down a hill  However, the plan goes entirely wrong as they try to maneuver the log down the mountain  Meanwhile, Alpha wolf Kate practices her hunting skills on her younger Omega sister, Lilly, much to her annoyance  Humphrey and Kate join each other mid air, excited to see each other again  However, Humphrey begins to feel nauseated by their spinning, and the two fall onto the ground  As Humphrey tries to join Kate, Winston, leader of the Western pack and Kate’s father, stops Humphrey in pursuing her  He reminds Humphrey that Alphas and Omegas cannot mate according to pack law, and that Kate is going off to Alpha school until Spring  Humphrey looks on, saddened by her departure  
Spring time comes around, and both Kate and Humphrey mature  Humphrey and his friends seem to master the ways of log boarding, but their fun stops short when they crash into a rock  They then see Kate on her first ever hunt, pursuing a herd of caribou  As Kate and her team close in on the caribou, they are interrupted by a group of two enemy Eastern pack wolves, which causes a stampede  As Kate saves the two Eastern wolves from getting trampled, the Western pack wolves start a fight  Humphrey and his friends then break up the conflict  Later that night, Winston meets up with Eastern pack leader Tony, as they discuss the pack’s food shortage  The two then agree that merging the packs together would end their conflict, and decide that Kate should marry Tony’s Alpha son, Garth  Kate, overhearing their conversation, agrees for the good of the pack 
During the Moonlight Howl (the howling between wolves), Kate and Garth finally meet  Garth tries to show off his howl, but Kate is unimpressed and excuses herself  She then runs into Humphrey, but the two get tranquilized by park rangers and are taken to Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Idaho  The two meet golfing goose Marcel and his duck caddie Paddy  Kate and Humphrey learn that they were relocated to repopulate the species, and agree that they must return home to Jasper Park before the two packs start a war  As the packs discover that Kate has gone missing, Tony warns Winston that if Kate doesn’t return, war will be inevitable  Lilly decides to show Garth around the Western pack’s territory until Kate returns, and the two fall in love 
As Kate and Humphrey catch a ride on an RV, Humphrey has to urinate and gets out while the vehicle pulls over at a nearby gas station  He then finds a cupcake and eats it, as the frosting covers his mouth  Two men mistake him for a wolf with rabies, and they attempt to shoot Humphrey with a gun  Kate then leaps out to save him, and the two flee  Kate, disappointed that they missed their ride home, leaves Humphrey out in the rain  Now traveling alone in the storm, Kate comes across a dangerous ravine, which has begun to flood  As Kate tries to cross it, she slips, and Humphrey comes to her rescue  Flattered by his bravery, Kate begins to admire Humphrey  The following day, Marcel and Paddy find the wolves and direct them to a train heading to Jasper Park  Climbing over the snowy mountain, Humphrey finds a grizzly bear cub, and the two play as Kate goes to scout a head  As Humphrey throws snow at the cub, the cub begins to cry, which attracts an angry trio of grizzly bears  As the wolves slide off the side of the mountain, Humphrey and Kate ride on a log and manage to board the train 
As the two joke about their encounter with the bears, Kate and Humphrey begin to bond even closer  Back at home, Lilly compassionately teaches Garth how to howl  At the same time, Humphrey gazes at the full moon and begins to howl, urging Kate to howl with him  Although it is against pack law for an Alpha to howl with an Omega, both couples begin to howl, falling in love  As Lilly and Garth finish their howling, Tony catches them, and ultimately declares war on the Western pack  As the train passes by Jasper, Kate and Humphrey’s exchange of feelings is cut short by the sight of the two packs at war  As they return, Kate announces that she will still marry Garth to unite the packs  The day of the wedding, a distraught Humphrey bids farewell to Kate, and decides to leave as a lone wolf, much to Kate’s disappointment 
During the ceremony, Kate backs out and declares her love for Humphrey, as Garth subsequently declares his love for Lilly  Tony, enraged, declares war on the Western pack, and a large fight ensues  Their brawl is cut short by an oncoming stampede of caribou alerted by the battle, and Winston and Tony get stuck between it  Humphrey, who had chosen to stay behind, and Kate cross paths, and work together by log boarding down the mountain to save them  They succeed, but Kate gets struck by the caribou in the process  As the stampede subsides, Humphrey tries to wake up Kate to no avail  Devastated, Humphrey begins to howl, causing everyone to howl with him  Kate then awakens to everyone’s joy, and she and Humphrey confess their love for each other, as Garth and Lilly confess theirs  Winston and Tony abolish the law against mating between Alphas and Omegas, and accept a union of the two packs via marriages between Garth and Lilly, and Kate and Humphrey 
At the Moonlight Howl, the wolves celebrate the Union of The Two Packs  The movie ends with the newly wedded Humphrey and Kate howling a duet 

Voice cast
Production
Pre-production and post-production took place in Los Angeles, with key animation produced by Crest Animation Productions in India and the script was written in Toronto, Ontario, Canada  Steve Moore originally intended for the story to be more mature, but Lionsgate wanted the film to be aimed towards children, so the original draft of the script was rewritten 

Reception
Alpha and Omega took in $2,288,773 on its opening day, and $9,106,906 on its opening weekend domestically, reaching fifth place at the box office  The film ended its run on December 2, 2010 after grossing $25 million domestically and $25 million in other territories  It held the title for the highest-grossing animated film released by Lionsgate until 2017, when it was dethroned by My Little Pony: The Movie 

Alpha and Omega holds an approval rating of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 57 reviews; the site's consensus is: "With bland visuals and a dull, predictable plot, Alpha and Omega is a runt in 2010's animated litter " At Metacritic, the film has a score of 36 out of 100 based on reviews from 15 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable" reviews  
Andrew Barker of Variety gave the film a mixed review, writing: "Not without charm, Lionsgate's 3D animated pic is agreeably unambitious "
Sheri Linden of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "Abounding in dumb jokes that kids are bound to like but sometimes too scary for very young viewers, the movie -- also going out in 2D -- takes too long to find its footing and at best is proficient, not exhilarating "
Bernie Van De Yacht was nominated for an Artios Award for Outstanding Achievement in Casting 

Marketing
Books
Three books on Alpha and Omega have been published by Finbar and Mindy:

Kate and Humphrey's Big Adventure/All about Wolves by Rebecca McCarthy
Alpha and Omega: Marcel and Paddy Save the Day by Tori Kosara
Alpha and Omega: The Junior Novel by Aaron S  Rosenberg

Video game
Published by Storm City Games, a video game adaptation called Alpha and Omega, based on the first film in the franchise of the same name, was exclusively released for the Nintendo DS on September 14, 2010 and was available in North America and Europe, although certain copies have been imported in other countries  It was panned for its poor graphics, bad controls, repetitive mini-games and lack of story 

Toys
McDonald's released a line of eight toys for the film's release in the United Kingdom 

Release
Home media
Alpha and Omega was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on January 11, 2011, which included a coupon for Great Wolf Resorts 

Sequels
A number of direct-to-video sequels to Alpha and Omega have been produced with none of the original cast reprising their roles  Justin Long is replaced by Benjamin Diskin for Humphrey and Hayden Panettiere and Christina Ricci are replaced by Kate Higgins for both Kate and Lilly 
The first sequel, Alpha and Omega 2: A Howl-iday Adventure, was released on October 8, 2013  The film revolves around the disappearance of Runt, one of Kate and Humphrey's pups in the sequel  DVD Talk stated that Alpha and Omega 2 was "so thin and uninteresting, and so lacking in holiday spirit, that you're not going to be pulling this one out each year when the holidays roll around" and that the film's price combined with its film length made other film choices "even more attractive " Common Sense Media gave the film a 1 out of 5 stars and wrote that the "Faux holiday-themed sequel is weak and forgettable "Alpha and Omega 3: The Great Wolf Games, based on the Winter Olympics and directed by Richard Rich, was released on iTunes on March 4, 2014, and it was later released on March 25, 2014 as a Walmart Exclusive  Common Sense Media gave Alpha and Omega 3 a mixed review, with three out of five stars, writing that the "mildly amusing sports-themed sequel is fun for young kids " The film was released shortly after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, on which it is based 
Alpha and Omega: The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave was produced by Crest Animation Productions and distributed by Lionsgate Films  Written by Tom Kane and directed by Richard Rich, it is the fourth film in the franchise  The film was released to iTunes on September 23, 2014 and was released to DVD on October 7, 2014  The plot involves Runt exploring the Saw Tooth Cave and finding a wolf who has been driven from her pack for being different  He must help her and he learns about the joys of lending a paw to a friend in need  The trailer for Alpha and Omega: The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave was released on July 21, 2014  The film was officially announced in the DVD features of Alpha and Omega 2: A Howl-iday Adventure, along with The Great Wolf Games, with director Richard Rich showing two short clips from the storyboards of both films  Common Sense Media gave the film 3 out of 5, stating "Entertaining wolf sequel has peril and some scares" The fifth film in the franchise, Alpha and Omega: Family Vacation, aired on TV in Mexico on March 28 and was released to DVD on August 4, 2015  It is written by Tom Kane and directed by Richard Rich  It aired in Mexico on March 28, 2015 before having its DVD premiere on August 4  The plot involves Kate, Humphrey, and the pups attempting to have a vacation together, but must flee from human wolf trappers in the process, and recaps the events as flashback scenes from past movies even the first film except for one alteration scene of the first film  Common Sense Media gave the film a rating of 3 out of 5 stars, stating "Adorable wolves take on trappers; some peril, suspense "On April 8, 2015, three more sequels were announced for Lionsgate to distribute, the first of which was released in early 2016, and followed the "misadventures of Alpha Kate and Omega Humphrey and their three wolf pups, Stinky, Claudette and Runt, as they learn life lessons in the great outdoors" On October 6, 2015, on Splash Entertainment's website, they have revealed the next sequel titled Alpha and Omega: The Big Fureeze along with sneak preview clips of the film, which was released in 2016  The other two sequel titles have also been revealed as, in order, Alpha and Omega: Dino Digs and Alpha and Omega: Journey to Bear Kingdom Alpha and Omega: Dino Digs was released on DVD and Digital HD on May 10, 2016  Alpha and Omega: The Big Fureeze was released on DVD and Digital HD on November 8, 2016  Alpha and Omega: Journey to Bear Kingdom was released on May 9, 2017 
Passage 8:
Ten Minutes Older
Ten Minutes Older is a 2002 film project consisting of two compilation feature films titled The Trumpet and The Cello  The project was conceived by the producer Nicolas McClintock as a reflection on the theme of time at the turn of the Millennium  Fifteen celebrated filmmakers were invited to create their own vision of what time means in ten minutes of film  The music for the compilations was composed by Paul Englishby, and performed by Hugh Masekela (trumpet) and Claudio Bohorques (cello) 
The Trumpet was first screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival  The Cello was premiered in the official Venice Film Festival 2002  Both films released internationally The two films are dedicated to Herz Frank and Juris Podnieks (Camera) who made the 1978 short film, Ten Minutes Older  The original film and the feature film have been shown together on numerous occasions, including the Yamagata Film Festival in 2004, and the Spanish documentary film festival Punto de Vista in 2006 

Ten Minutes Older: The Trumpet
Directed by:

Aki Kaurismäki (segment "Dogs Have No Hell")
Víctor Erice (segment "Lifeline")
Werner Herzog (segment "Ten Thousand Years Older")
Jim Jarmusch (segment "Int  Trailer  Night ")
Wim Wenders (segment "Twelve Miles to Trona")
Spike Lee (segment "We Wuz Robbed")
Chen Kaige (segment "100 Flowers Hidden Deep")

Ten Minutes Older: The Cello
Directed by:

Bernardo Bertolucci (segment "Histoire d'eaux")
Mike Figgis (segment "About Time 2")
Jirí Menzel (segment "One Moment")
István Szabó (segment "Ten Minutes After")
Claire Denis (segment "Vers Nancy")
Volker Schlöndorff (segment "The Enlightenment")
Michael Radford (segment "Addicted to the Stars", made by Daniel Craig)
Jean-Luc Godard (segment "Dans le noir du temps")
Passage 9:
ATM 2000E
The ATM 2000 (Pz Mi 88) and ATM 2000E are Austrian plastic cased anti-vehicle mines using Misznay Schardin effect warhead  The mine uses an electronic microprocessor controlled fuze with magnetic, seismic and pressure sensors allowing it to discriminate between targets  The mine can be laid by hand or by a mechanical mine laying system, and arms ten minutes after being laid  The mine is fitted with an anti-handling device, and can be command detonated 
When triggered, the mine detonates a small clearing charge, which clears away any earth laid on top of the mine  It then fires the main warhead, which uses a metal liner to form a penetrating fragment which is projected into the belly of the vehicle passing over the mine  The self-forging fragment is capable of penetrating steel up to 200 millimeters thick 
The mine is currently being produced by Dynamit Nobel Wien and is in service with the Austrian Army 



ground_truth: 1978

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When was the club formed, for which Adam  Johnson played as well as Middlesbrough and Watford ?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  He also guided them to three more FA Cup Finals, two more FA Cup Semi-finals, one more Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Semi-final, one European Cup Winners' Cup Final and one European Cup Semi-final  The team also finished second in the Football League First Division five times, third once and fourth twice  In a survey of leading football writers, historians and academics by Total Sport magazine, Revie's Leeds United were voted as one of the 50 greatest football teams of all time 

1974–1988: Post-Revie and relegation
Following the 1973–74 season, Revie left Leeds and Elland Road to manage the England national team  Brian Clough was appointed as Revie's successor  This was a surprise appointment, as Clough had been an outspoken critic of Revie and the team's tactics  Clough's tenure as manager started badly, with defeat in the Charity Shield against Liverpool in which Billy Bremner and Kevin Keegan were sent off for fighting  Under Clough, the team performed poorly, and after only 44 days he was dismissed Clough was replaced by former England captain Jimmy Armfield  Armfield took Revie's ageing team to the final of the 1974–75 European Cup, in which they were defeated by Bayern Munich under controversial circumstances  Assisted by coach Don Howe, Armfield rebuilt Revie's team, and though it no longer dominated English football, it remained in the top ten for subsequent seasons  However, the board became impatient for success and dismissed Armfield in 1978, replacing him with Jock Stein, who also lasted just 44 days before leaving to manage Scotland  The board appointed Jimmy Adamson, but he was unable to stop the decline, and in 1980 Adamson resigned and was replaced by former player Allan Clarke  Despite spending freely on players, he was unable to stem the tide, and the club was relegated at the end of 1981–82  Clarke was replaced by former teammate Eddie Gray With no money to spend on team building, Gray concentrated on youth development, but was unable to guide them to promotion from the Second Division  The board again became impatient and dismissed Gray in 1985, replacing him with another Revie teammate, Billy Bremner  Bremner found it just as difficult to achieve promotion, although Leeds reached the 1987 play-off final, but were defeated by Charlton Athletic  Leeds also endured a near miss in the FA Cup, losing out to Coventry City in the semi-finals 

1988–1996: Howard Wilkinson era
In October 1988, with the team 21st in the Second Division, Bremner was fired to make way for Howard Wilkinson  Leeds avoided relegation that season, and in March 1989 signed Gordon Strachan from Manchester United for £300,000  The Scottish midfielder was named captain, and helped Leeds win the Second Division in 1989–90 and gain promotion back to the First Division  Leeds finished fourth in 1990–91, and in the 1991–92 season they became champions of England for the third time  During the close season Leeds were founder members of the new Premier League, which became the top division of English football  However, the 1992–93 season saw Leeds exiting the Champions League in the early stages, and eventually finishing 17th in the league (having won no away matches in the league), narrowly avoiding relegation  Wilkinson's Leeds were unable to provide any consistent challenge for honours, and his position was not helped by a poor display in the 1996 League Cup final which Leeds lost to Aston Villa  Leeds could only finish 13th in 1995–96, and after a 4–0 home defeat by Manchester United early in 1996–97, Wilkinson had his contract terminated  One of the legacies of Wilkinson and youth coach Paul Hart was the development of Leeds United's youth academy, which has produced numerous talented footballers over the years 

1997–2001: Graham and O'Leary
Leeds appointed George Graham as Wilkinson's successor  This appointment was controversial as Graham had previously received a one-year ban from The Football Association for receiving illegal payments from a football agent  Graham made some astute purchases and also helped blood youngsters from Leeds' youth cup winning side  By the end of the 1997–98 season, Leeds had qualified for the following season's UEFA Cup  In October 1998, Graham left to become manager of Tottenham Hotspur, and Leeds opted to replace him with assistant manager David O'Leary Under O'Leary and assistant Eddie Gray, Leeds never finished outside the top five in the Premier League, and secured qualification for both the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Champions League, enjoying cup runs to the semi-finals of both competitions  However, during the same period, the team's image was tarnished when players Jonathan Woodgate and Lee Bowyer were involved in an incident that left an Asian student in hospital with severe injuries  The resulting court case took nearly two years to resolve; Bowyer was cleared, but Woodgate convicted of affray and sentenced to community service  Additionally, in the UEFA Cup semi-final against Galatasaray in Istanbul, two Leeds fans were stabbed to death before the game 

2001–2007: Financial crisis and fall to League One
Under chairman Peter Ridsdale, Leeds had taken out large loans against the prospect of the share of the TV rights and sponsorship revenues from Champions League qualification and subsequent progress in the competition  However, Leeds narrowly failed to qualify for the Champions League in two successive seasons, and as a consequence did not receive enough income to repay the loans  The first indication that the club was in financial trouble was the sale of Rio Ferdinand to Manchester United for approximately £30 million  Ridsdale and O'Leary publicly fell out over the sale, and O'Leary was dismissed and replaced by former England manager Terry Venables  Leeds performed woefully under Venables, and other players were sold to repay the loans, including Jonathan Woodgate, whom Ridsdale had promised Venables would not be sold  Tensions mounted between Ridsdale and Venables and, with the team underachieving, Venables was dismissed and replaced by Peter Reid  Ridsdale resigned from the Leeds board and was replaced by existing non-executive director Professor John McKenzie  At this time Leeds were in danger of relegation, but managed to avoid the drop in the penultimate game of the season, beating Arsenal 3–2 away with a late strike by Mark Viduka Reid was given a permanent contract at Leeds the following summer and brought in several players on loan  An unsuccessful start to the 2003–04 season saw Reid dismissed, and Eddie Gray take over as caretaker manager until the end of the season  An insolvency specialist, Gerald Krasner, led a consortium of local businessmen which took over Leeds and oversaw the sale of the club's assets, including senior and emerging youth players of any value  Leeds were relegated during the 2003–04 season Following relegation to the Championship, assistant manager Kevin Blackwell was appointed manager  Most of the remaining players were sold or released on free transfers to further reduce the high wage bill; Blackwell was forced to rebuild almost the entire squad through free transfers, and Leeds were forced to sell both their training ground and stadium in the autumn of 2004 In 2005, the club was bought by Ken Bates, who paid £10 million for a 50% stake  Under Blackwell, Leeds reached the Championship play-off final, which they lost to Watford  With the team performing poorly, Blackwell's contract was terminated, and Leeds hired John Carver as caretaker manager, but his spell was not a success and he was relieved of his duties, with Dennis Wise eventually installed as his replacement  Wise was unable to lift the team out of the relegation zone for much of the season, despite bringing in a number of experienced loan players and free transfers on short-term deals  With relegation virtually assured, Leeds entered administration on 4 May 2007, thus incurring a league-imposed 10-point deduction that officially relegated the club to the third tier of English football; the club had previously never played any lower than the second tier  The players whom Wise had brought in were released; he was forced to build a squad almost from scratch, and because of administration Leeds were unable to sign any players until a few days before the opening game of the season 

2007–2010: League One
On 3 July 2007, HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) lodged a legal challenge to Leeds' Creditors' Voluntary Agreement (CVA)  Under league rules, if the club were still in administration at the start of the following season, Leeds would have been prevented from starting their season by the Football League  Following the challenge by HMRC, the club was put up for sale by KPMG, and again Ken Bates' bid was accepted  The League eventually sanctioned this under the "exceptional circumstances rule" but imposed a 15-point deduction due to the club failing to exit administration with a CVA, as the Football League rules required  On 31 August 2007, HMRC decided not to pursue its legal challenge any further Despite the 15-point deduction, Wise and his assistant Gus Poyet guided Leeds to a play-off position, only for Poyet to leave for Tottenham, and Wise quitting to take up a position at Newcastle United  Wise was replaced by former club captain Gary McAllister  Leeds went on to secure a place in the play-off final, but were beaten by Doncaster Rovers  The following season saw a poor run of results, and McAllister was dismissed after a run of five defeats in a row  He was replaced by Simon Grayson, who resigned from his post as manager of Blackpool to take the position  Under Grayson, Leeds made the play-offs once again, but were beaten over the two legs of the semi-finals by Millwall In the 2009–10 season, the team secured the best start ever to a season by a Leeds side, and caused a major upset in the third round of the FA Cup by beating Manchester United at Old Trafford  After the impressive run in the FA Cup, Leeds' league form suffered, with the team taking just seven points from a possible 24  However, the team rallied and Leeds won their final game of the season to confirm promotion to the Championship as runners-up to Norwich City 

2010–2014: Return to the Championship
Leeds spent much of the 2010–11 season in the play-off places, but eventually finished in seventh place, just missing out on the play-offs In May 2011, it was announced that Leeds chairman Ken Bates had bought the club and become the owner of Leeds  Before the match against Middlesbrough, about 300 Leeds fans protested about what they saw as a lack of investment in the playing side, to which Bates responded by calling the protesters "morons" Despite securing promotion to the Championship, Grayson was dismissed after failing to mount a consistent challenge for promotion to the Premier League  Neil Warnock was appointed as the club's new manager on 18 February, with his initial contract lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season On 21 November 2012, Middle East-based private equity group GFH Capital finalised a deal for a protracted takeover of Leeds, gaining a 100% shareholding in the club  It was also announced Ken Bates would remain as chairman until the end of the 2012–13 season and then become club president  The takeover was officially completed on 21 December 2012 Despite runs to the quarter-finals of the League Cup and the fifth round of the FA Cup (albeit with both runs ending in five-goal thrashings, by Chelsea and Manchester City respectively), Leeds' league form in the 2012–13 season was generally mediocre, with the club never making any real challenge for the play-off places  Warnock resigned with six games remaining, and Leeds just five points above the relegation zone  Brian McDermott replaced Warnock, and the club won three of their final five games of the season, enough to avoid relegation  That summer, Bates stepped down as chairman, and ultimately left the club altogether a few weeks later following a dispute over expenses On 7 January 2014, Leeds United's managing director David Haigh was involved in Sport Capital, a consortium involving the managing director of Leeds United's main sponsors, Enterprise Insurance, Andrew Flowers  Sports Capital came close to completing a transaction with GFH Capital that would have given them a 75% stake in the business On 30 January, Sport Capital's takeover collapsed due to a lack of "financial backing"  Haigh released a statement conceding that it was unable to complete a deal despite two months ago agreeing to purchase a 75% stake in the club from the owners Gulf Finance House  Haigh said he and Sport Capital had "injected substantial sums into the club to ensure its viability" but earlier in the week fellow consortium member Andrew Flowers, the managing director of Leeds' shirt sponsor Enterprise Insurance, stated that GFH had "breached their covenant with us" after inviting a rival bid from Massimo Cellino, the president of the Serie A club Cagliari Calcio  Haigh's statement read:

As fans know, we signed a share acquisition agreement with GFH Capital at the end of last year  This meant, I believed, that we were in a position to move things forward and complete the transaction in time for the January transfer window      Unfortunately, however, some of the consortium's backers ultimately didn't feel able to deliver the financial backing we had hoped was agreed to take the club forward 
On 31 January 2014, under controversial circumstances, it was reported that manager Brian McDermott had been removed from his position as the club's manager following a string of poor results, while the controversy surrounding the club was resolved  New club captain Ross McCormack expressed his support for the former manager  By 3 February the BBC was reporting that McDermott had been called by a lawyer representing Massimo Cellino "and told he had been relieved of his duties"  However, Cellino still did not own the club, as the Football League had not yet approved his purchase, so neither he nor his lawyer could dismiss the manager  McDermott, therefore, remained in his post After weeks of speculation regarding the purchase of Leeds United, on 7 February 2014, Leeds United had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd  The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club, subject to Football League Approval At its meeting on 23 March 2014, the board of the Football League decided unanimously that Cellino's conviction by an Italian court meant that he did not meet its owners and directors test, so could not take over Leeds United In the backdrop of Cellino's takeover, Leeds suffered an appalling second half of the season, dropping from the play-off places to the fringes of the relegation battle  In the end, the weak performances of the teams below Leeds meant that they were never in any real danger of going down, and a late run of wins put survival beyond doubt well before the end of the season  However, McDermott still resigned his position a few weeks after the season ended 

2014–2017: Cellino era
On 5 April, Cellino was successful in his appeal with independent QC Tim Kerr to take over the club  The takeover was completed on 10 April, with Cellino's company, Eleonora Sport Limited, buying 75% of the club's shares  Two months later, the inexperienced Dave Hockaday was surprisingly appointed head coach, with Junior Lewis hired as his assistant  After only 70 days, the pair were fired by Cellino  Darko Milanič was given the head coach position in September 2014 becoming the club's first manager from outside the British isles and the first Slovene manager in English football, but left the club the following month  On 1 November 2014, Neil Redfearn was confirmed as the new head coach On 1 December 2014, Cellino was disqualified by the Football League after it obtained documents from an Italian court, where he was found guilty of tax evasion  He was disqualified from running the club until 10 April 2015, and on 24 February 2015, Cellino announced he would not be returning to the club after his ban ended  Redfearn was replaced by former Manchester City Player Uwe Rösler as head coach in the summer of 2015, but Rosler was himself replaced by Steve Evans after only a few months in the role On 30 October 2015, Cellino agreed a deal in principle with Leeds Fans Utd to sell a majority stake in the club  When asked to legally commit to an exclusivity period to allow due diligence to commence, he reneged On 2 June 2016, Garry Monk was appointed as the new head coach, replacing Steve Evans  On 4 January 2017, Italian businessman Andrea Radrizzani purchased a 50% stake in the club from Massimo Cellino  At the close of the 2016/17 season, Leeds narrowly missed out on the play-offs  Leeds had been in the play-off positions for the majority of the season before a poor run of form in the final games saw them drop into seventh place  This was compounded by being knocked out in the fourth round of the FA Cup by non-league side Sutton United 1–0, who, at the time, were 84 places and three divisions below Leeds 

2017–present: Radrizzani takeover and Premier League return
On 23 May 2017, Radrizzani announced a 100% buyout of Leeds United, buying the remaining 50% shares from previous co-owner Massimo Cellino, with Radrizzani taking full ownership of the club  Garry Monk resigned as head coach two days after the takeover, after one season at the club in which he guided them to seventh place  In June 2017, former Spain international Thomas Christiansen was announced as the new head coach  This was followed by Radrizzani introducing Leeds United Ladies back to Leeds United ownership  Also in June, Radrizzani completed the purchase of Elland Road from Jacob Adler's company, Teak Commercial Limited for £20 million, using his own company Greenfield Investment Pte Ltd On 4 February 2018, Christiansen was dismissed after a bad run of games, leaving the team 10th in the Championship table  On 6 February, Paul Heckingbottom was confirmed as Christiansen's replacement  On 24 May 2018, Leeds announced that 49ers Enterprises had bought shares in the club to become a minority investor  The 49ers Enterprises is the business arm of the NFL side San Francisco 49ers, owned by Denise DeBartolo York, Jed York, and John York Heckingbottom was dismissed by Leeds on 1 June 2018 after being at the club for just four months  Argentine manager Marcelo Bielsa was named the club's new manager on 15 June, signing a two-year contract with an option of a third year  In doing so he became the highest-paid manager in Leeds United's history Bielsa's first season in charge saw Leeds make an impressive start and Leeds remained in the top 2 with Norwich City for the majority of the season, on course for automatic promotion to the Premier League  However, a poor end to the season saw the team lose out on automatic promotion to Sheffield United  They entered the play-offs against Derby County; despite winning the first leg 1–0, they ultimately lost 4–3 on aggregate which consigned them to another season in the championship On 17 July 2020, after 16 years out of the Premier League, Leeds were promoted back to the top flight following West Bromwich Albion's loss to Huddersfield Town  Stoke City's defeat of Brentford the following day confirmed they would go up as winners of the Championship  Leeds had been in the top 2 for most of the season and had never dropped lower than 5th in the table, eventually going on to finish 10 points clear of West Brom in 2nd The club’s first season back in the Premier League produced a top half finish, their points tally was the most by a newly promoted side since Ipswich Town two decades earlier  However, the following season was not as successful and following a series of poor results, Bielsa was dismissed by the club in February 2022  Jesse Marsch was appointed as Bielsa's replacement, and he successfully led the club to avoid relegation on the final day of the season  Marsch was dismissed by the club in February 2023, and was replaced by Javi Gracia  Gracia was dismissed in May, having won just three of his twelve games in charge, he was replaced by Sam Allardyce as the club aimed to avoid relegation for the second successive season, but he was unable to prevent relegation as Leeds dropped back into the Championship on the final day of the season 

Colours
In Leeds' first 15 years, the club kit was modelled on Huddersfield Town's blue and white striped shirts, white shorts and dark blue socks with blue and white rings on the turnovers, because Huddersfield's chairman Hilton Crowther was attempting to merge the two clubs  He eventually left Huddersfield to take over at Leeds In 1934, Leeds switched to blue and yellow halved shirts incorporating the city crest, white shorts and blue socks with yellow tops  The kit was worn for the first time on 22 September 1934  In 1950, Leeds switched to yellow shirts with blue sleeves and collars, white shorts and black, blue and gold hooped socks  In 1955, Leeds changed again to royal blue shirts with gold collars, white shorts, and blue and yellow hooped socks, thus echoing the original Leeds City strip  In 1961, Don Revie introduced a plain white strip throughout 

Badge
Leeds United's first badge appeared in 1934  Like Leeds City before them, the club adopted the coat of arms of Leeds, which remained on the kit in various guises until 1961  For a number of seasons after 1961–62, when the all-white strip replaced the blue and gold, the shirts sported no badge at all A perching owl badge was added to the strip in 1964  The design was a surprise given Revie's superstition about the symbolism of birds  The owl derived from the three owls that feature on the city's coat of arms, which in turn were taken from the coat of arms of Sir John Savile, the first alderman of Leeds  The owl was usually navy blue, but was coloured gold for the 1968 Football League Cup Final Between 1971 and 1973, Leeds used the "LUFC" script that runs down the centre of the current badge, albeit in a diagonal fashion rather than the present vertical  The script made a reappearance on the 'retro-look' Asics kit used during the 1995–96 season  In 1973 came the embodiment of 1970s imagery with the iconic "smiley" badge, made up of the letters L and U in bubble writing  Revie's predilection for gimmicks was years ahead of its time, and done with the explicit intention of gaining acceptance from a public outside West Yorkshire  In 1977, the smiley badge was rotated through 45° and the yellow and blue colours were reversed  The yellow smiley returned the following year, but was now enclosed in a circle surrounded by the words "LEEDS UNITED AFC" In the 1978–79 season, a new badge appeared that was similar to that of the previous season, except now the words "LEEDS UNITED AFC" enclosed a stylised peacock (a reference to the club's nickname, "The Peacocks") rather than the yellow smiley In 1984, another badge was introduced which lasted until 1998  The distinctive rose and ball badge used the traditional blue, gold and white colours, and incorporated the White Rose of York, the club's name, and a football (a truncated icosahedron similar to the Adidas Telstar, but in Leeds colours) in the core section In the 1998–99 season, the club logo was replaced with a more "European" shield design  The shield retained the white rose, as well as the blue, gold and white colours, with "LUFC" reading vertically down the centre  In 1999, the badge was slightly amended in that the football from the 1984 badge was added to the centre of the white rose On 20 February 2019, Leeds United revealed a predominantly gold coloured badge that would be worn on the players' kit during the club's centenary season  The badge retained the existing shield design, but replaced the "LUFC" script with the words "LEEDS UNITED" above and "100 YEARS" below the shield  The crest also carried the date "1919", the year that the club was founded, as well as the centenary year "2019" 

Stadium
Leeds United have only ever used one stadium as their home ground, Elland Road, where they have played at since their foundation in 1919  An all-seater stadium situated in Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, it is the 14th largest football stadium in England  Elland Road was previously occupied by their predecessors, Leeds City before their disbanding  After their formation, the council allowed them to rent the stadium until they could afford to buy it  With the exception of periods from the 1960s until 1983, and from 1997 to 2004, the local council owned the stadium  However, it was sold by the club in October 2004, with a 25-year sale-leaseback deal being agreed, and a commercial buy-back clause also included for when the club's finances improve sufficiently Initially, the ground was the home of the Holbeck Rugby Club, which played in the Northern Rugby Union, the forerunner of the Rugby Football League  One of Leeds' first nicknames, 'The Peacocks', comes from the original name of Elland Road – 'The Old Peacock ground'  It was named by the original owners of the ground, Bentley's Brewery, after its pub The Old Peacock, which still faces the site  The newly formed Leeds City agreed to rent and later own Elland Road  After their disbandment, it was sold to Leeds United  The most recent stand at Elland Road is the East, or Family, Stand, a cantilever structure completed during the 1992–93 season that can hold 17,000 seated spectators  It is a two-tiered stand that continues around the corners and is the largest part of the stadium  The Don Revie Stand was opened at the start of the 1994–95 season, and can hold just under 7,000 seated spectators  The roof of the West Stand holds a television commentary gantry and walkway for TV personnel  Elland Road was named in December 2009 as one of the contenders for the England 2018 World Cup bid  As a result of the bid, Leeds drew up plans to redevelop parts of Elland Road and increase the stadium's capacity  Ken Bates also revealed plans to take out the executive boxes out of the South Stand to increase the starting capacity by a further 2,000–3,000  More executive boxes would be built in the east stand Alex Ferguson has said that Elland Road has one of the most intimidating atmospheres in European football A statue of legendary captain Billy Bremner was unveiled outside the stadium in 1999 in the area known as 'Bremner Square'  Then a bronze statue for Leeds' most successful manager Don Revie was also unveiled in 2012, celebrating the 40th anniversary of the club winning the FA Cup  As part of the renovation of the Bremner statue in summer 2018, a 'Bremner Square XI' was announced  The XI featured ten further 'legendary Leeds players' who have engraved stones featuring their key stats and achievements during their careers with Leeds United On 28 June 2017, new Leeds owner Andrea Radrizzani completed the re-purchase of Elland Road, via his investment company, Greenfield Investment Pte Ltd, the company used to buy Leeds  Leeds will have a period of paying no rent and be able to invest in other areas of the club  In July 2018, Elland Road was voted 'Best Ground in the Championship' by football supporters 

Supporters
In 2003, Peter Reid commented on the support at Elland Road after being relieved of his managerial duties, saying that "In 30 years I've never seen support like I did at the Leeds/Arsenal game a couple of weeks ago  The fans at Leeds are fantastic " Two other former Leeds managers have also spoken highly of the club's supporters; Kevin Blackwell said "fans will follow them everywhere" and David O'Leary commented "There is an immense fan base and they are still with the club" Leeds supporters are renowned for singing the signature song "Marching on Together" before and during matches  Other notable songs Leeds fans sing during games include "We Are The Champions, Champions of Europe" (more commonly known as WACCOE) in reference to the 1975 European Cup Final which Leeds lost due to dubious refereeing decisions  Riots by the Leeds fans during the match led to UEFA banning the club from European competition for four years, although this was reduced to two years on appeal Famous Leeds supporters include: actors Ralph Ineson, Russell Crowe, Matthew Lewis, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau; comedian Jon Richardson, and boxer Josh Warrington Leeds United supporters also have their own salute  Leeds are 10th in the all-time average attendance figures for the Football League and Premier League  They have the third most rivalries in the English League  Alex Ferguson once said that Elland Road has one of the most intimidating atmospheres in European football An LGBT fans' group, Marching Out Together, was formed in 2017 and sits on the club's Supporters' Advisory Group  There is also a group for Sikh supporters, called Punjabi Whites  The Leeds United Disabled Organisation (LUDO) was founded in 1992  There is a well-known hooligan firm amongst the fans known as the Leeds United Service Crew 

Rivalries
Leeds' main rivals are widely considered to be Manchester United  As the largest cities within the historic counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire, animosity between the regions date back to the Wars of the Roses, although more recent tensions between the football clubs date back to the 1960s and the iconic managers of Don Revie and Matt Busby 
The rivalry has been described as one of the fiercest in world football, and the most intense and inexplicable in England  Alex Ferguson described Elland Road as 'hostile' and 'frightening', and stated that the ferocity of games between the two surpassed the ones with Liverpool On the pitch, the clubs have competed for league titles and cups in the 1960s, 1970s, 1990s, and early 2000s; while players such as Johnny Giles, Gordon Strachan, and Eric Cantona have been highly successful after moving between the clubs  Leeds' relegation to the Football League in 2004 caused a long interval in games between the two, although promotion in 2020 restored their top flight status Leeds' secondary rivals are generally regarded to be Chelsea, which largely stems from the 1970 FA Cup Final  The clubs competed at the top end of the Premier League in the late 1990s and early 2000s and games were often bad-tempered  While the rivalry has subsided with Leeds' relegation, controversial figures such as Ken Bates and Dennis Wise – both of whom had long associations with Chelsea – presided over the club's relegation to the third division in 2007 and subsequent administration, prolonging the enmity Leeds also hold extreme bitterness towards the Turkish club Galatasaray following the deaths of the two supporters the night before a UEFA Cup semi-final in Istanbul in April 2000  During the game, supporters of Galatasaray mocked the deaths, while their team refused to wear black armbands  The then Leeds chairman Peter Ridsdale accused the club of 'lacking common decency' 

Music
The single 'Leeds United' was released in April 1972 to coincide with the team reaching the 1972 FA Cup Final, composed by Les Reed and Barry Mason with the team providing the vocals  The record stayed in the UK Singles Chart for almost three months, peaking at number 10  The B-side 'Leeds! Leeds! Leeds!' (commonly known as Marching on Together) has since become the club's anthem and is regularly sung by supporters 

Records
Striker Peter Lorimer is currently the club's all-time record goal scorer, scoring 238 in his 19 years at the club across two spells; he is also the youngest player to ever play for the club  The most goals managed in a single season for the club is 43 by John Charles, in the 1953–54 season  The fastest goal in the club's history was scored by Jermaine Wright, when he scored after just ten seconds against Burnley in November 2004 The record transfer fee paid by Leeds for a player was around £30 million for Hoffenheim forward Georginio Rutter  The highest transfer fee received for a Leeds player was approximately £60 million from Barcelona for Raphinha; it surpassed their previous highest transfer fee received, when they sold Rio Ferdinand to Manchester United for a then transfer record for a defender twenty years earlier The club's record attendance is 57,892 against Sunderland at Elland Road, in a fifth round FA Cup replay in 1967  The highest league record at Elland Road was 52,368 for a competitive match against Manchester United on 17 April 1965 Leeds' highest ever league finish is first in the First Division in the 1968–69, 1973–74 and 1991–92 seasons  Their lowest ever league finish was fifth in League One in 2007–08, finishing the season by losing to Doncaster Rovers in the play-off final  This was their first ever season in the third tier of English football Leeds' longest ever unbeaten run in the league was between 19 October 1968 and 30 August 1969, to which they remained unbeaten for thirty-four games on their way to the First Division title   Their longest run of consecutive victories in the league is nine, which they achieved between 26 September 1931 and 21 November 1931 (in the Second Division) 

Players
First-team squad
As of 9 July 2023Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Reserves and Academy
Management
First-team staff
Updated to match played 05 July 2023Source: Leeds United Official Site

Medical and analysis team
Updated to match played 05 July 2023Source: Leeds United and Yorkshire Evening Post

Scouting team
Updated to match played 05 July 2023Source: Yorkshire Evening Post

Owners and directors
Source:

Updated to match played 1 May 2018Source: Leeds United Official Website

Managers
The club's most recent manager Sam Allardyce was the fortieth permanent holder of the position since Leeds were founded  Leeds have also had ten caretaker managers, three of whom had previously occupied the role on a full-time basis, and one of whom occupied the role three times  The most successful manager of Leeds United is Don Revie, who won two First Division titles, two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, one Second Division title, one FA Cup, one League Cup, and one Charity Shield in his 13-year reign as manager  He is also the club's longest-serving manager, presiding over 740 games from 1961 to 1974 

Honours
Domestic
First Division/Premier League

Winners: 1968–69, 1973–74, 1991–92
Runners-up: 1964–65, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72Second Division/Championship

Winners: 1923–24, 1963–64, 1989–90, 2019–20
Runners-up: 1927–28, 1931–32, 1955–56
Play-off runners-up: 1987, 2006League One

Runners-up: 2009–10
Play-off runners-up: 2008FA Cup

Winners: 1971–72
Runners-up: 1964–65, 1969–70, 1972–73League Cup

Winners: 1967–68
Runners-up: 1995–96FA Charity Shield

Winners: 1969, 1992
Runners-up: 1974

European
European Cup

Runners-up: 1974–75European Cup Winners' Cup

Runners-up: 1972–73Inter-Cities Fairs Cup

Winners: 1967–68, 1970–71
Runners-up: 1966–67Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Trophy Play-Off

Runners-up: 1971
Passage 6:
Darrius Johnson
Darrius Dashone Johnson (September 17, 1973 – February 25, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a cornerback for the Denver Broncos and Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL) 
The Broncos selected Johnson out of Oklahoma in the fourth round of the 1996 NFL Draft   Johnson played in 61 games for the Broncos from 1996 to 1999, during which he had two interceptions, both in 1998   One of his biggest games was a 1999 playoff game against the Miami Dolphins, where Johnson had a 44-yard interception return and caused a fumble which was returned for a touchdown   Johnson was a member of the Broncos' Super Bowl XXXII and XXXIII championship squads   Johnson played briefly for the Kansas City Chiefs in 2003   
Franciose Johnson wife of Darrius Johnson reported he died of sudden heart failure on February 25, 2021, and after extensive examination of the brain it was determined that Darrius Johnson died with Stage 3 CTE 



ground_truth: 1919