prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which ocean would the ingredients likely come from for the She-crab soup?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Avocado soup
Avocado soup is a fruit soup prepared using avocados as a primary ingredient  Ingredients used in its preparation in addition to ripe avocados can include milk, cream, half-and-half or buttermilk, soup stock or broth, water, lime juice, lemon juice, salt and pepper  Additional ingredients used can include onions, shallots, garlic, hot sauce, cilantro, red pepper, cayenne pepper and cumin, and water can be used to thin the soup  It is enjoyed widely in areas of Mexico as a classic dish 
The avocados are typically puréed or mashed, and sliced, diced or cubed avocado can be used as a garnish  Additional garnishes can include sliced lime, sour cream, chives, crab meat, shrimp and salsa fresca  It can be prepared and served as a cold or hot soup Avocado soup's color can change as time passes because oxidation causes avocados to brown, but this does not affect the soup's flavor  It can be a relatively easy dish to prepare that does not require a great deal of time 

See also
Avocado § Culinary uses
List of avocado dishes
List of cold soups
List of soups
Passage 2:
Lettuce soup
Lettuce soup is a soup prepared with lettuce as a primary ingredient  It may be prepared with myriad lettuces and other ingredients, and some lettuce soups may use several cultivars of lettuce in their preparation  It is a part of French cuisine and Chinese cuisine  Cream of lettuce soup is a type of lettuce soup prepared using milk or cream  The soup may be served with toast or rolls as a side dish or with the soup atop them  It may be served as an appetizer, a side dish or as a main dish, and may be served hot or cold 

Preparation
Lettuce is a primary ingredient, and several types of lettuce can be used, such as butter lettuce, cos lettuce, Boston lettuce, romaine lettuce, green leaf lettuce and iceberg lettuce, among others  The lettuce may be chopped, torn, shredded or sliced into ribbons  Additional ingredients may include, but are not limited to, chicken stock, beef stock, cream, milk, wine, lemon juice, egg or egg yolk, meats, rice, potato, greens, sorrel, watercress, Swiss chard, escarole, peas, parsley/dried parsley, bread crumbs, onion, shallot, garlic, salt and pepper, among others  Some preparations purée all of the ingredients together, and some preparations are strained in a sieve  Lettuce soup is sometimes served with toast or rolls, either as a side dish or with the soup poured upon it  Sometimes croutons or chopped bacon are used in the dish or to garnish it  In French cuisine, lettuce soup is usually served poured atop thin slices of lightly toasted French bread  Some versions are served cold  Total calories can vary depending on the ingredients used  For example, versions that use milk may have fewer calories than those that use cream 

Dishes
Chinese versions include Cantonese dishes such as "minced chicken with lettuce soup" and "fish with lettuce soup" 

See also
Lettuce sandwich
List of Chinese soups
List of French soups and stews
List of soups
List of vegetable soups
Passage 3:
Spinach soup
Spinach soup is a soup prepared using spinach as a primary ingredient  A common dish around the world, the soup can be prepared as a broth-based or cream-based soup, and the latter can be referred to as "cream of spinach soup " In China, a spinach and tofu soup is also known as "emerald and white jade soup"; spinach and tofu represent emerald and white jade respectively, and thus the spinach soup itself can be called "emerald soup"  Fresh, canned or frozen spinach can be used, and the spinach can be used whole, puréed or chopped  Additional ingredients can include onion, green onion, carrot, celery, tomatoes, potatoes, lemon juice, olive oil, seasonings, salt and pepper  Spinach soup is typically served hot, but can also be served as a cold soup  Prior to being served, it can be topped or garnished with ingredients such as sour cream and crème fraîche 

Gallery
See also
Passage 4:
Spring soup
Spring soup is a soup made with ingredients that are only in season for a short period during spring  Although asparagus largely characterizes spring soup, spring soup may include just about any spring vegetable added to a broth, chowder, or bisque  Spring soup is popular largely because it includes fresh ingredients not seen for a while by the consumer 

Characteristics
Where winter soups are hearty to "warm and fortify", spring soups aim to celebrate "new skies and freshness" by being "delicate and light, pretty and promising " Spring soups need lighter, brighter tastes and textures than their winter counterparts  A reason for this is that spring soups "capture the essence of the season in a clean-tasting, refreshing broth that showcases the pure flavors" of its ingredients Ingredients used in spring soup include a purée of pea, asparagus, rapini, and fennel, with asparagus being considered the quintessential spring vegetable to largely characterize spring soup  Spring soups typically show a subtle green color to reflect spring 

History
In 1828, The British Almanac provided housekeepers' information to add spring soup to a July menu  In 1896, the Holland Society of New York published a spring soup recipe that included amontillado, olives, almonds, chicken, and radishes  In 1898, spring soup was defined as a soup having a stock with any spring vegetables added that have first been parboiled in water, with the soup often colored with caramel 

See also
List of vegetable soups

Notes
Passage 5:
Tidewater region
Tidewater refers to the north Atlantic Plain region of the United States 

Definition
Culturally, the Tidewater region usually includes the low-lying plains of southeast Virginia, northeastern North Carolina, southern Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay  Speaking geographically, however, it covers about 50,000 square miles, from New York's Long Island in the north to the southernmost edge of North Carolina in the south, an area that includes the state of Delaware and the Delmarva Peninsula 
The cultural Tidewater region got its name from the effects of the changing tides on local rivers, sounds, and the ocean  The area has a centuries-old cultural heritage that sets the Tidewater region apart from the adjacent inland parts of the United States, especially with respect to its distinctive dialects of English, which are gradually disappearing, along with its islands and its receding shoreline 

Geography
The tidewater region developed when sea level rose after the last ice age, resulting in the flooding of river valleys in the coastal plain  Such flooded river valleys now make up the tidewater since tides continue to affect water levels far inland, in some cases all the way west to the Fall Line  It is generally flat and low, with large expanses near the tidal shorelines composed of tidal marsh and swamp  Much of the area is covered with pocosin and the higher areas are used for agricultural farmlands  Geographically, in North Carolina and Virginia the Tidewater area is the land between the Suffolk Scarp and the Atlantic Ocean  In Maryland the Tidewater area is the flooded river areas below the Fall Line   The Hampton Roads area of Virginia is considered to be  a Tidewater region   Southern Maryland and the Eastern Shore, parts of Delaware round out the northern part of the region on the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays 
The term tidewater may be correctly applied to all portions of any area, including Virginia, where the water level is affected by the tides (more specifically, where the water level rises when the tide comes in)  In the case of Virginia, the Tidewater region includes the land east of the Fall Line, the natural border with the Piedmont Region  It includes Hampton Roads, the rest of the Virginia Peninsula, the Middle Peninsula, the Northern Neck, and the Eastern Shore 
Planters in the early American colonies extended their tobacco and peanut productions above the Fall Line, where waterfalls or rapids mark the end of the Tidewater and the beginning of the foothill region known as the Piedmont Tidewater is host to flora commonly associated with the South Atlantic pine forests and lower Southeast Coastal Plain maritime flora, the latter found primarily in southeastern Virginia 

Regional accents
A distinctive non-rhotic accent of the Old South was spoken in the Tidewater coastal region of Virginia, best associated with upper-class white speakers of the 19th and early 20th centuries  In the actual islands of the Chesapeake themselves, a separate, rhotic accent survives among the locals, sometimes known as "Hoi Toider" 

See also
Hampton Roads
Inner Banks
Southern Maryland
Eastern Shore (Maryland)
Eastern Shore (Virginia)
Passage 6:
Peanut soup
Peanut soup or groundnut soup is a soup made from peanuts, often with various other ingredients  It is a staple African cuisine but is also eaten in East Asia (Taiwan), the United States (mainly in Virginia) and other areas around the world  It is also common in some regions, such as Argentina northwest, Bolivia and Peru, where it can sometimes be served with bone meat and hollow short pasta or fries  In Ghana it is often eaten with fufu or omo tuo and is often very spicy  Groundnut soup is also a native soup of the Benin (Edo) people in Nigeria and it is often eaten with pounded yam   Some of the essential ingredients used in making it are Piper guineense (uziza seed) and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) It is prepared from groundnut which is mashed into a paste, usually termed as groundnut paste  Groundnut soup is eaten with eba, fufu, banku, kenkey and so on  It is a delicacy that Nigerian, Ghanaian and people in other African countries consume, such as in Sierra Leone  In Ghana, it is known as nkatenkwan in Akan language 

Gallery
See also
Peanut stew
Palm nut soup
List of peanut dishes
List of soups
Passage 7:
She-crab soup
She-crab soup is a rich soup, similar to bisque, made of milk or heavy cream, crab or fish stock, Atlantic blue crab meat, and (traditionally) crab roe, and a small amount of dry sherry added as it is plated  It may be thickened either by heat reduction or with a purée of boiled rice; it may also include such seasonings as mace and shallots or onions   The soup is a regional specialty from the South Carolina Lowcountry   It is commonly featured on the menus of many Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia restaurants The soup is named for the "she-crab", or female crab, originally a gravid (roe-carrying) crab, as the orange crab roe comprise a chief ingredient in traditional she-crab soup   As with turtle soup, other ingredients may be added to the soup or substituted for others, although crabmeat is found in all versions 
Regulations in Maryland and other states restrict the collection of egg-bearing female crabs 

See also
Partan bree
List of cream soups
List of regional dishes of the United States
List of soups
Passage 8:
Syodon
Syodon is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids that lived approximately 267-260 million years ago during the middle Permian period of the Paleozoic era  These therapsids, located in Russia  were initially believed to be true mammals   Syodon was first named by Stephan Kutorga in 1838  The fossils of these synapsids were first discovered in the Molotov Province region of Russia in limestone beds with a high content of copper  However, scientists believe that these organisms likely come from higher rock beds due to increased specializations in their morphology 

Etymology
The name Syodon is derived from Greek meaning pig's tooth  This name likely stemmed from the protruding canines similar to that of the lower canines of a wild boar 

Diet
Syodon is characterized as a carnivore, likely feeding on small-bodied prey   They lack the ‘expansion of supraorbital bones over the orbits, which would act as a stress sink’ in certain hypercarniverous species such as thalattosuchian Dakosaurus  This thickened supraorbital regions also found in large theropods would have alleviated cranial stress used for feeding on large prey  Since this adaption is not found in Syodon it is thought they were limited to small animals and prey which they could easily consume with their limited jaw architecture 

Paleobiology
Syodon is characterized by possessing "bulbous" post-canines featuring significant wear facets in adults, whereas juveniles tend to have ‘bladelike’ post canines  The canine of Syodon is highly distinctive and allows it to be distinguished easily  They also possess a large, strongly curved ‘hook-like canine  Syodon also feature a set of smaller, replacement teeth out-of-place from the main palatine tooth row The snout of Syodon is relatively long narrow compared to the rest of the body  The snout comprises approximately 1/4 the length of the skill  These synapsids reached 1 2 m (4 ft) in length 

See also
List of therapsids
Archaeosyodon
Microsyodon
Passage 9:
Watercress soup
Watercress soup is a soup prepared using the leaf vegetable watercress as a primary ingredient  It may be prepared as a cream soup or as a broth/stock-based soup using vegetable or chicken stock  Additional ingredients used can include vegetables such as potato, leeks, spinach, celery and turnips, cheese, butter, lemon juice, salt and pepper  Watercress soup can be prepared as a puréed soup by mixing the ingredients in a food processor  It can be served hot or cold, and may be garnished with crème fraîche, shaved Parmesan cheese, drizzled olive oil and watercress leaves 

Gallery
See also
Cabbage soup
List of soups
Spinach soup
Vegetable soup
List of vegetable soups
Passage 10:
1996 PW
1996 PW is an exceptionally eccentric trans-Neptunian object and damocloid on an orbit typical of long-period comets but one that showed no sign of cometary activity around the time it was discovered  The unusual object measures approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) in diameter and has a rotation period of 35 4 hours and likely an elongated shape 

Description
1996 PW orbits the Sun at a distance of 2 5–504 AU once every 4,033 years (semi-major axis of 253 AU)  Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0 99 and an inclination of 30° with respect to the ecliptic Simulations indicate that it has most likely come from the Oort cloud, with a roughly equal probability of being an extinct comet and a rocky body that was originally scattered into the Oort cloud  The discovery of 1996 PW prompted theoretical research that suggests that roughly 1 to 2 percent of the Oort cloud objects are rocky 1996 PW was first observed on 9 August 1996 by the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) automated search camera on Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii  It is the first object that is not an active comet discovered on an orbit typical of long-period comets 1996 PW has a rotation period of 35 44±0 02 hours and a double-peaked lightcurve with a high amplitude of 0 44±0 03 magnitude (U=3)  Its spectrum is moderately red and featureless, typical of D-type asteroids and bare comet nuclei  Its spectrum suggests an extinct comet  The upper limit on 1996 PW's dust production is 0 03 kg/s 

See also
Extinct comets
List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion
Context 3: Passage 1:
Mirtemir
Mirtemir Tursunov (Uzbek: Миртемир Турсунов) (May 30, 1910 - January 25, 1978) most commonly known simply as Mirtemir, was an Uzbek poet and literary translator  In addition to writing his own poetry, Mirtemir translated the works of many famous foreign poets, such as Abai Qunanbaiuli, Aleksandr Pushkin, Heinrich Heine, Magtymguly Pyragy, Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Lermontov, Nâzım Hikmet, Nikolay Nekrasov, Pablo Neruda, Samad Vurgun, and Shota Rustaveli into the Uzbek language Mirtemir became a National Poet of the Uzbek SSR in 1971  He received many other awards for his works, including the State Berdaq Prize (1977) and the State Hamza Prize (1979)  In 2002, Mirtemir was posthumously awarded the National Order of Merit (Uzbek: Buyuk xizmatlari uchun), one of independent Uzbekistan's most prestigious awards 

Life and work
Mirtemir Umarbekovich Tursunov was born on May 30, 1910, in the village of Ikan, Turkistan  In 1932, Mirtemir graduated from the Pedagogical University of Samarkand with a degree in literature 
Mirtemir's first collection of poems, Shuʼlalar qoʻynida (Under the Lights) was published in 1928  His other collections of poetry include Zafar (Victory) (1929), Qaynashlarim (My Rages), Bong (The Clamor) (1932), and Poytaxt (The Capital) (1936) 
Mirtemir translated the works of many famous foreign poets, such as Abai Qunanbaiuli, Aleksandr Pushkin, Berdaq, Heinrich Heine, Magtymguly Pyragy, Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Lermontov, Nâzım Hikmet, Nikolay Nekrasov, Pablo Neruda, Samad Vurgun, and Shota Rustaveli into Uzbek  In particular, he translated Who is Happy in Russia? of Nikolay Nekrasov and The Man in the Panther's Skin of Shota Rustaveli into Uzbek  He also translated the Kyrgyz epic poem Manas 
An example of his work, written originally in Cyrillic alphabet:
This is my mother tongue, the language of my dear mother  It permeated my soul and ear since I was in the cradle  This is the language of my people, my homeland, and my folks  In life time it is as old as mother earth 
Mirtemir died in Tashkent on 25 January 1978, at the age of 67 
Passage 2:
Lavinia exilicauda
The hitch (Lavinia exilicauda) is a cyprinid fish endemic to central California, and was once very common  The common name may derive from a Pomoan word for this species  It is the only species in the monospecific genus Lavinia 

Taxonomy
The hitch was first formally described in 1854 by Spencer Fullerton Baird and Charles Frédéric Girard with its type locality given as the Sacramento River in California  While the hitch is closely related to the California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus), and the two species can hybridize, leading some authorities to place H  symmetricus in Lavinia, genomic data appear to support the fishes' separate lineages  The Lavinia genus has been placed in the subfamily Leuciscinae of the family Cyprinidae in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World  Other authorities classify the Leuciscidae as a family and place the genus Lavinia in the subfamily Laviniinae of that family Three distinct population segments (DPS) or subspecies of the hitch are recognized:

Clear Lake hitch (chi in Pomoan language)
Monterey hitch (Salinas hitch, Pajaro hitch)
Sacramento hitch (Central Valley hitch)These common names or DPS correspond to the subspecies Lavinia exilicauda chi Hopkirk, 1974, Lavinia exilicauda harengus Girard, 1856: 183–184  and Lavinia exilicauda exilicauda Baird and Girard in Girard, 1854,: 137  respectively 

Description
The hitch shape is deep and laterally compressed, with a small head, and a terminal mouth pointing upwards  They are generally silver all over; younger fish have a black spot at the base of the tail, losing it as they age, and becoming generally darker as well  The anal fin is noticeably longer than for other California minnows, with 11-14 rays, while the dorsal fin has 10-13 rays, and is placed further back, the base being positioned between pelvic and anal fins  The tail fin is large and deeply forked  They can get large for minnows, with lengths of up to 36 cm   All of these features make them look much like the golden shiner  The hitch is closely related to the California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus complex), and these taxa can hybridize with each other Hitch are omnivores of the open water, eating a combination of filamentous algae, insects, and zooplankton  They can be found in lakes, sloughs, and slow-moving sections of rivers and streams  With the highest temperature tolerance among the native fish of the Central Valley, they can be found in both warm and cool water; they also have considerable salt tolerance, for instance occurring in Suisun Marsh (7-8 ppt salinity), and Salinas River lagoon (9 ppt) 

Distribution
Their range includes the Sacramento River-San Joaquin River System of the Central Valley, the Russian River, Clear Lake, Pajaro River, and Salinas River  Although once abundant, but no longer commercially fished in Clear Lake, populations have been declining  The most likely cause appears to be loss of springtime spawning water flows due to water diversion and damming 

Conservation
The Clear Lake hitch was listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act in 2014 

Notes
Passage 3:
UEA Creative Writing Course
The University of East Anglia's Creative Writing Course was founded by Sir Malcolm Bradbury and Sir Angus Wilson in 1970  The M A  is widely regarded as the most prestigious and successful in the country  and competition for places is notoriously tough The course is split into four strands: Prose, Creative Non-Fiction, Poetry and Scriptwriting (which is Skillset accredited)  All four result in an M A  qualification upon successful completion of the course  The Course Directors are currently Andrew Cowan, Kathryn Hughes, Lavinia Greenlaw and Val Taylor respectively  Course tutors include Amit Chaudhuri, Trezza Azzopardi, Giles Foden, Tobias Jones, James Lasdun, Jean McNeil, Margaret Atwood and George Szirtes 
Writers such as Angela Carter, Rose Tremain, Andrew Motion, W  G  Sebald, Michèle Roberts and Patricia Duncker have also taught on the course 
Writers-in-residence have included Alan Burns and Margaret Atwood 

Notable alumni
Nobel Prize winners
Kazuo Ishiguro (MA, 1980), 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate

Booker Prize winners
Anne Enright (MA, 1987), 2007 Booker Prize winner for The Gathering
Kazuo Ishiguro (MA, 1980), 1989 Booker Prize winner for The Remains of the Day
Ian McEwan (MA, 1971), 1998 Booker Prize winner for Amsterdam

Costa Book Award winners
Tash Aw (MA, 2003), Whitbread Book Award winner in the 2005 First Novel category for The Harmony Silk Factory
Susan Fletcher (MA, 2002), Whitbread Book Award winner in the 2004 First Novel category for Eve Green
Adam Foulds (MA, 2000), Costa Book Award winner in the 2008 Poetry category for The Broken Word
Emma Healey (MA, 2011), Costa Book Award winner in the 2014 First Novel category for Elizabeth is Missing
Andrew Miller (MA, 1991), Costa Book Award winner in the 2011 Novel category for Pure
Monique Roffey (BA, 1987), Costa Book Award winner in the 2020 Novel category for The Mermaid of Black Conch
Christie Watson (MA, 2009), Costa Book Award winner in the 2011 First Novel category for Tiny Sunbirds Far Away

Women's Prize for Fiction winners
Naomi Alderman (MA, 2003), 2017 Women's Prize for Fiction winner for The Power
Rose Tremain (BA, 1967), 2008 Women's Prize for Fiction winner for The Road Home

Betty Trask Award & Prize winners
Rowan Hisayo Buchanan (PHD, 2019) 2017 Betty Trask Award winner for Harmless Like You
Sam Byers (MA, 2003; PHD, 2014) 2014 Betty Trask Award winner for Idiopathy
Anthony Cartwright (BA, 1996) 2004 Betty Trask Award winner for The Afterglow
Helen Cross (MA, 1997) 2002 Betty Trask Award winner for My Summer of Love
Suzannah Dunn (MA, 1989) 1991 Betty Trask Award winner for Quite Contrary
Susan Elderkin (MA, 1994) 2000 Betty Trask Award winner for Sunset Over Chocolate Mountains
Diana Evans (MA, 2003) 2005 Betty Trask Award winner for 26a
Susan Fletcher (MA, 2002) 2005 Betty Trask Prize winner for Eve Green
Adam Foulds (MA, 2000) 2007 Betty Trask Award winner for The Truth About These Strange Times
Imogen Hermes Gowar (MA, 2014) 2019 Betty Trask Award winner for The Mermaid and Mrs Hancock
Emma Healey (MA, 2011) 2015 Betty Trask Award winner for Elizabeth is Missing
Paul Houghton (MA, 1987) 1989 Betty Trask Award winner for Harry's Last Wedding
Anjali Joseph (MA, 2008; PHD, 2013) 2011 Betty Trask Prize winner for Saraswati Park
Frances Liardet (MA, 1998) 1994 Betty Trask Award winner for The Game
Nicola Monaghan (MA, 2018) 2006 Betty Trask Award winner for The Killing Jar
Glenn Patterson (MA, 1986) 1988 Betty Trask Award winner for Burning Your Own
Natasha Pulley (MA, 2012) 2017 Betty Trask Award winner for The Watchmaker of Filigree Street
Phil Whitaker (MA, 1996) 1998 Betty Trask Award winner for Eclipse of the Sun

James Tait Black Memorial Prize winners
Ian McEwan (MA, 1971) James Tait Black Memorial Prize winner in the 2005 Fiction category for Saturday
Andrew Miller (MA, 1991) James Tait Black Memorial Prize winner in the 1997 Fiction category for Ingenious Pain
Rose Tremain (BA, 1967) James Tait Black Memorial Prize winner in the 1993 Fiction category for Sacred Country

Other alumni
Nicholas Allan (MA, 1981), children's author
Mona Arshi (MA, 2012), Forward Prize-winning poet
Trezza Azzopardi (MA, 1998), novelist
Martyn Bedford (MA, 1994), novelist
Brett Ellen Block (MA, 1998), author
Peter Bowker (MA, 1991), screenwriter
John Boyne (MA, 1996), novelist
Aifric Campbell (MA, 2003), writer
Tracy Chevalier (MA, 1994), historical novelist
Judy Corbalis (MA, 1990), novelist
Andrew Cowan (MA, 1985), novelist
Fflur Dafydd (MA, 2000), writer
Donna Daley-Clarke (MA, 2001), novelist
Louise Doughty (MA, 1987), novelist
Joe Dunthorne (MA, 2005), novelist
Oliver Emanuel (MA, 2002), playwright
Stephen Finucan (MA, 1996), short story writer
David Flusfeder (MA, 1988), author
Bo Fowler (MA, 1995), novelist
Ruth Gilligan (MA, 2011), writer
Tim Guest (MA, 1999), author
Stephanie Hale (MA, 1993), writer
Mohammed Hanif (MA, 2005), writer
Jane Harris (MA, 1992), novelist and screenwriter
Alix Hawley (MA, 2002), novelist
Kathryn Hughes (MA, 1987), historian
Naomi Ishiguro (MA, 2018), short story writer and novelist
Mick Jackson (MA, 1992), novelist
Christopher James (MA, 2000), poet
Panos Karnezis (MA, 2000), novelist
Larissa Lai (MA, 2001), novelist
Hernán Lara Zavala (MA 1981), novelist
Joanna Laurens (MA, 2003), playwright
Ágnes Lehóczky (MA, 2006), poet
Toby Litt (MA, 1995), novelist
Philip MacCann (MA), writer
Deirdre Madden (MA, 1985), novelist
Robert McGill (MA, 2002), writer
Sarah Emily Miano (MA, 2002), author
Neel Mukherjee (MA, 2001), writer
Paul Murray (MA, 2001), novelist
Sandra Newman (MA, 2002), writer
Kathy Page (MA, 1988), novelist
Christine Pountney (MA, 1997), author
Dina Rabinovitch (MA, 2000), journalist and writer
Ben Rice (MA, 2000), novelist
Eliza Robertson (MA, 2012), author
Tom Saunders (MA, 1987), author
Anthony Sattin (MA, 1984), writer
Simon Scarrow (MA, 1992), author
James Scudamore (MA, 2004), novelist
Owen Sheers (MA, 1998), author, poet and playwright
Jeremy Sheldon (MA, 1996), novelist
Robert Sheppard (MA, 1979), poet
Kathryn Simmonds (MA, 2002), poet
Rob Magnuson Smith (MA 2010), novelist
Paul Stewart (MA, 1979), writer
Julia Stuart (MA, 2013), novelist
Todd Swift (MA, 2004), poet
Rebecca Tamás (PHD, 2017), poet and essayist
Sharlene Teo (MA, 2013), novelist
Mark Tilton (MA, 1997), screenwriter
Carol Topolski (MA, 2004), novelist
Erica Wagner (MA, 1991), author and literary editor of The Times
Craig Warner (MA, 2013), playwright and screenwriter
Matt Whyman (MA, 1992), novelist
Clare Wigfall (MA, 2000), writer
Luke Williams (MA, 2002), author
D  W  Wilson (MA, 2010), author
Jennifer Wong (MA, 2009), writer and poet
Yan Ge (MA, 2020), novelist

External links
UEA Creative Writing webpages
Passage 4:
International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award
The International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award is an award created in memory of Turkish poet Nâzım Hikmet Ran   The medal is awarded every two years to world poets and writers 

Nâzım Hikmet
A famous Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, memoirist, painter, public figure, International Peace Prize laureate and the founder of the Turkish revolutionary poetry, Nâzım Hikmet Ran was born on 15 January 1902 in Salonica  He was the son of an Ottoman government official and grew up in Anatolia  After briefly attending the Turkish naval academy, he studied economics and political science at the University of Moscow  Nazim Hikmet was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile  His poetry has been translated into more than fifty languages, plays have been staged in several countries gaining huge popularity 
Nazim Hikmet's first book of poetry was “Song of the Sun-drinkers”, published in Baku in 1928  Many of his works have been translated into English, including "Human Landscapes from My Country: An Epic Novel in Verse" (2009), "Things I Didn’t Know I Loved" (1975), "The Day Before Tomorrow" (1972), "The Moscow Symphony" (1970), and "Selected Poems" (1967)  In 1936 he published Seyh Bedreddin destani (“The Epic of Shaykh Bedreddin”) and Memleketimden insan manzaralari (“Portraits of People from My Land”)  In 1950 he won the Nobel Peace Prize 
Hikmet died of a heart attack in Moscow in 1963  As the first modern Turkish poet, he is recognized around the world as one of the great international poets of the twentieth century 

Nazim Hikmet Culture and Arts Foundation
After the death of Nazim Hikmet his close friends under the leadership of his sister Samia Yaltirim and Prof Dr Aydin Aybay decided to set up a foundation in his name  Due to his friends efforts, the “Nazim Hikmet Culture and Arts Foundation” was established by Samia Yaltirim in 1991 
The purpose of “Nazim Hikmet Culture and Arts Foundation” was to establish a center which will collect and introduce any articles, books, pictures, paintings, movies, music, sculpture, memorials and research about Nazim Hikmet to future generations 
In order to always cherish the memory of Nazim Hikmet, to ensure the dissemination of his works and to assess contribution of contemporary poets the foundation established "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" 

Award holders
The first winner of the "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" ceremony which held on January 14, 1995, considering the value of artistic and intellectual properties of works was Syrian poet Adonis, who is currently living in France 
The second winner of "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" was Aime Cesaire from Martinique in 1997  He won this award for explaining in detail the longing for freedom and equality of all oppressed people in the twentieth century 
The third winner of "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" was the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish in 2003  Then a next winner was the Danish poet Erik Stinus in 2009  Erik Stinus moves his readers away from the ironic character of Danish poetry  On the other hand, Stinus is a great poet of Western poetry who focuses on life and who bears witness to his era 
I
n recent years there have been some problems for nominating the "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" every two years, such as financial deficiencies and the attracting of voters from the international organization 
Finally, after a long time off, on February 7, 2014, due to the positive contribution towards Turkish World and the tenderness of his poetry, Zalimkhan Yagub was awarded with "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" by The International Academy of Sciences of Turkish World Investigation   Zalimkhan Yaghub was the first poet from Azerbaijan who was honoured with that medal 

External links
Vilayat Jafar, “Friendship in the strange land”, Baku, 2005
A Ismayilov, “Nazim Hikmet's life and literary chronicle”
http://azer com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai131_folder/131_articles/131_poet_hikmet_nazim html
http://www nazimhikmet org tr/index2 asp
http://www azadliq org/content/article/25318044 html
Passage 5:
Lavinia Greenlaw
Lavinia Elaine Greenlaw (born 30 July 1962) is an English poet, novelist and non-fiction writer  She won the Prix du Premier Roman with her first novel and her poetry has been shortlisted for awards that include the T  S  Eliot Prize, Forward Prize and Whitbread Poetry Prize  She was shortlisted for the 2014 Costa Poetry Award for A Double Sorrow: A Version of Troilus and Criseyde  Greenlaw currently holds the post of Professor of Creative Writing (Poetry) at Royal Holloway, University of London 

Biography
Lavinia Greenlaw was born in London into a medical and scientific family, and has a sister and two brothers  When she was aged 11, the family moved from London to an Essex village, where they lived for seven years  This period Greenlaw has described as "an interim time", with "memories of time being arrested, nothing much happening "
Greenlaw went on to read modern arts at Kingston Polytechnic  She then studied at the London College of Printing and gained an MA in art history from the Courtauld Institute  She was employed as an editor at Imperial College of Science and Technology (1985–1986) and with the publishers Allison & Busby (1986–1987),  and subsequently with Earthscan (1988–90)  She also worked as an arts administrator for Southbank Centre (1990–1991) and the London Arts Board (1991–1994) 
Greenlaw's career as a freelance artist, critic and broadcaster began in 1994  She became the first artist-in-residence at the Science Museum (1994–1995), and has since held residences at the Royal Festival Hall, at a London solicitors' firm (1997–1998), and at the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)  In 2013 she won an Engagement Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust  Her sound work Audio Obscura was commissioned in 2011 by Artangel and Manchester International Festival, and heard at Manchester Piccadilly station in July 2011 and London St Pancras station in September and October 2011  It won the 2011 Ted Hughes Award for New Work in Poetry, the judges calling it "groundbreaking" Greenlaw taught at Goldsmiths College, University of London  She served as professor of creative writing at the University of East Anglia from 2007 to 2013, and as a visiting professor at King's College London (2015–2016) and Freie Universität Berlin (2017)  She currently holds the post of Professor of Creative Writing (Poetry) at Royal Holloway, University of London After judging the 2010 Manchester Poetry Prize, Greenlaw chaired in 2014 the judging panel for the inaugural Folio Prize  She is a Council member of the Royal Society of Literature and a former Chair of the Poetry Society Greenlaw has lived in London for most of her life 

Writing
Primarily a poet, Greenlaw has also written novels, short stories, plays and non-fiction  She has made radio documentaries  Her work for music includes the libretto for the opera Peter Pan composed by Richard Ayres (Staatsoper Stuttgart/Komische Oper Berlin/Welsh National Opera and Royal Opera House, 2015)  Publications for which she has written include the London Review of Books, The Guardian and The New Yorker, and in 2019 she was a contributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue Between East and West (Gingko Library) Her work draws on her interest in science and scientific enquiry and covers themes of displacement, loss and belonging  Critics have seen her poetry as remarkable for its precision; her best contain a complexity and elusiveness that lead them to "appreciate with each re-reading" Her biography notes: "She has written and adapted several dramas for radio, including Virginia Woolf's Night and Day, Hermann Hesse's The Glass Bead Game, and a series on malaria called Five Fever Tales  She has made documentaries about Emily Dickinson and Elizabeth Bishop and several programmes about light, including trips to the Arctic midsummer and midwinter, the Baltic, the darkest place in England, light in London, and the solstices and equinoxes "Greenlaw is also a memoirist  Kirkus Reviews summed up her 2007 coming-of-age book, The Importance of Music to Girls, by saying: "The taut, lyric thrum of Greenlaw's prose reflects her poet's skill    Well-written, bewitching and subtly dazzling " Some Answers Without Questions (2021), part memoir, part manifesto, was described by Hephzibah Anderson in The Observer as "a delight: approachable, rigorous and omnivorous in its frame of reference" 

Awards and recognition
Lavinia Greenlaw received an Eric Gregory Award in 1990, an Arts Council Writers' Award in 1995, a Cholmondeley Award, and a Society of Authors Travelling Scholarship  In 1994 she was chosen as one of 20 New Generation Poets, by a jury composed of Melvyn Bragg, Margaret Busby, Vicki Feather, Michael Longley, John Osborne and James Wood  In 1997, Greenlaw won the Forward Prize for Best Single Poem for "A World Where News Travelled Slowly", the title poem from her second main collection For her 2001 first novel, Mary George of Allnorthover, Greenlaw won the French Prix du Premier Roman  She has been shortlisted for a number of literary awards, including the Whitbread Book Award (now the Costa Book Awards) and the T  S  Eliot Prize for Poetry  Her sound work Audio Obscura won the 2011 Ted Hughes Award for New Work in Poetry  Her short story "We Are Watching Something Terrible Happening" was shortlisted for the BBC National Short Story Award 2013 

Selected works
The Cost of Getting Lost in Space (poetry), Turret Books, 1991, ISBN 978-0854690916
Love from a Foreign City (poetry), Slow Dancer Press, 1992, ISBN 978-1-871033-18-2
Night Photograph (poetry; shortlisted for Whitbread and Forward Poetry Prizes), Faber & Faber, 1993, ISBN 978-0-571-16894-1
A World Where News Travelled Slowly (poetry), Faber, 1997, ISBN 978-0571326358
Mary George of Allnorthover (novel; Prix du Premier Roman Etranger), Flamingo, 9 July 2001, ISBN 978-0-618-09523-0
Minsk (poetry; shortlisted for T  S  Eliot, Forward and Whitbread Poetry Prizes), Faber, 2003, ISBN 978-0-571-22271-1
Thoughts of a Night Sea (photographs by Garry Fabian Miller), Merrell, 2003, ISBN 978-1858942223
An Irresponsible Age (novel), Fourth Estate, 2006, ISBN 978-0-00-715629-0
The Importance of Music to Girls (memoir), Faber, 2007, ISBN 978-0-375-17454-4
The Casual Perfect (poetry), Faber, 2011, ISBN 978-0-571-27816-9
Questions of Travel: William Morris in Iceland (non-fiction), Notting Hill Editions, 2011, ISBN 978-190790318-2 
A Double Sorrow: Troilus and Criseyde (poetry), Faber, 2014, ISBN 978-0-571-28454-2
In the City of Love's Sleep (novel), Faber, 2018, ISBN 9780571337620
The Built Moment (poetry), Faber, 2019, ISBN 978-0-571-347100
Some Answers Without Questions (memoir/manifesto), Faber, 2021, ISBN 9780571368655

Translations
David J  Constantine; H  Constantine, eds  (24 October 2006)  After-Images:Modern Poetry in Translation  Translated by Lavinia Greenlaw; Tom Kuhn; Adrian Mitchell  MPT Books  ISBN 978-0-9545367-6-3 
Noshi Gillani (15 September 2008)  Poems  Translated by Lavinia Greenlaw  Enitharmon Press  ISBN 978-1-904634-75-1 

Television
Greenlaw appeared as a "talking head" on the BBC documentaries Top of the Pops: The Story of 1976 (2011) and The Joy of the Single (2012) 
Passage 6:
Nâzım Hikmet
Mehmed Nâzım Ran (15 January 1902 – 3 June 1963), commonly known as Nâzım Hikmet (Turkish: [naːˈzɯm hicˈmet] (listen)), was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director, and memoirist  He was acclaimed for the "lyrical flow of his statements"  Described as a "romantic communist" and a "romantic revolutionary", he was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile  His poetry has been translated into more than 50 languages 

Family
According to Nâzım Hikmet, he was of paternal Turkish and maternal German, Polish and Georgian descent  His mother came from a distinguished cosmopolitan family with predominantly-Circassian (Adyghe) roots, along with high social position and relations to the Polish nobility  From his father's side, he had Turkish heritage  His father, Hikmet Bey, was the son of Çerkes Nâzım Pasha, another Circassian, after whom Nâzım Hikmet was named 
Nazım’s maternal grandfather, Hasan Enver Pasha, was the son of the Polish-born Mustafa Celalettin Pasha and Saffet Hanım, the daughter, Omar Pasha, a Serbian, and Adviye Hanım, a Circassian who was the daughter of Çerkes Hafız Pasha 
Mustafa Celalettin Pasha (born Konstanty Borzęcki herbu Półkozic) wrote Les Turcs anciens et modernes ("The Ancient and Modern Turks") in Istanbul in 1869  That is considered one of the first works of Turkish nationalist political thought 
Nâzım Hikmet's maternal grandmother, Leyla Hanım, was the daughter of Mehmet Ali Pasha, of French Huguenot and German origin, and Ayşe Sıdıka Hanım, a daughter of Çerkes Hafız Paşa  Nâzım Hikmet and Celile Hanım's cousins included Oktay Rifat Horozcu, a leading Turkish poet, and the statesman Ali Fuat Cebesoy 

Early life
Nâzım was born on 15 January 1902, in Selânik (Salonica), where his father was serving as an Ottoman government official  He attended the Taşmektep Primary School in the Göztepe district of Istanbul and later enrolled in the junior high school section of the prestigious Galatasaray High School in the Beyoğlu district, where he began to learn French  However, in 1913, he was transferred to the Numune Mektebi, in the Nişantaşı district  In 1918, he graduated from the Ottoman Naval School on Heybeliada, one of the Princes' Islands, in the Sea of Marmara  His school days coincided with a period of political upheaval, during which the Ottoman government entered the First World War and was allied with Germany  For a brief period, he was assigned as a naval officer to the Ottoman Navy cruiser Hamidiye, but in 1919 he became seriously ill and was not being able to fully recover  That got him exempted from naval service in 1920 
In 1921, together with his friends Vâlâ Nureddin (Vâ-Nû), Yusuf Ziya Ortaç and Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, he went to İnebolu in Anatolia to join the Turkish War of Independence  From there he, together with Vâlâ Nûreddin, walked to Ankara, where the Turkish liberation movement was headquartered  In Ankara, they were introduced to Mustafa Kemal Pasha, later called Atatürk, who wanted the two friends to write a poem that would invite and inspire Turkish volunteers in Istanbul and elsewhere to join their struggle  The poem was much appreciated, and Muhittin Bey (Birgen) decided to appoint them as teachers to the Sultani (high college) in Bolu, rather than to send them to the front as soldiers  However, their communist views were not appreciated by the conservative officials in Bolu and so both of them decided to go to Batumi in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic to witness the results of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and arrived there on 30 September 1921  In July 1922, both friends went to Moscow, where Ran studied Economics and Sociology at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in the early 1920s  There, he was influenced by the artistic experiments of Vladimir Mayakovsky and Vsevolod Meyerhold, as well as the ideological vision of Vladimir Lenin 

Style and achievements
Despite writing his first poems in syllabic meter, Nazım Hikmet distinguished himself from the "syllabic poets" in concept  With the development of his poetic conception, the narrow forms of syllabic verse became too limiting for his style, and he set out to seek new forms for his poems 
He was influenced by the young Soviet poets who advocated Futurism  On his return to Turkey, he became the charismatic leader of the Turkish avant-garde by producing streams of innovative poems, plays and film scripts In Moscow in 1922, he broke the boundaries of syllabic meter, changed his form and began writing in free verse He has been compared by Turkish and non-Turkish men of letters to such figures as Federico García Lorca, Louis Aragon, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Pablo Neruda  Although Ran's work bears a resemblance to these poets and owes them occasional debts of form and stylistic device, his literary personality is unique in terms of the synthesis he made of iconoclasm and lyricism, of ideology and poetic diction : 19 Many of his poems have been set to music by the Turkish composer Zülfü Livaneli and by Cem Karaca  Part of his work has been translated into Greek by Yiannis Ritsos, and some of the translations have been arranged by the Greek composers Manos Loizos and Thanos Mikroutsikos 
Because of his political views, his works were banned in Turkey from 1938 to 1965 

Later life and legacy
Nâzım's imprisonment in the 1940s became a cause célèbre among intellectuals worldwide  A 1949 committee that included Pablo Picasso, Paul Robeson, and Jean-Paul Sartre campaigned for his release 
On 8 April 1950, Nâzım began a hunger strike to protest the Turkish Parliament's failure to include an amnesty law in its agenda before it closed for the upcoming general election  He was then transferred from the prison in Bursa, first to the infirmary of Sultanahmet Jail, in Istanbul, and later to Paşakapısı Prison



ground_truth: Atlantic Ocean

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What colors are worn by the Oregon Duck, mascot of the University of Oregon athletic teams?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Oregon Marching Band
The Oregon Marching Band (OMB) is the marching band of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, United States  With over 250 members, it is the largest student organization on campus, and its members come from nearly every department and major at the university  The marching band serves as the foundation for the larger Oregon Athletic Bands organization that includes the Oregon Basketball Band, Winter Drumline, and the Green and Yellow Garter Bands 
The OMB performs at all home football games at Autzen Stadium, selected away games, and bowl games  Other aspects of Oregon athletics, such as women's volleyball, are also supported by the OMB  The OMB also hosts a large high school marching band competition every fall known as the Festival of Bands 

Organization
Director of Bands
The Director of Bands is in charge of the Department of Bands at the university, teaches/conducts the Oregon Wind Ensemble, and assists with all of the bands in the department  Dr  Dennis Llinás served as an Associate Professor of Music and the Associate Director of Bands at Louisiana State University  He was also the director of the Tiger Band before accepting his position at the Oregon School of Music  Dr  Llinás will be conducting the Star Spangled Banner at home football games 

Director of Athletic Bands
The Director of Athletic Bands administrates the athletic band program by leading and teaching students, supervising graduate teaching fellows and other assistants, and working with the university and athletic department  This position also serves as an Assistant Director of Bands and Assistant Professor of Instrumental Music Education  The position is held by Dr  Eric Wiltshire, an alumnus of the University of Washington  Along with the athletic bands, Dr  Wiltshire teaches and conducts the Oregon Campus Band 

Past directors
Instructors and graduate assistants
The Oregon Marching Band employs several instructors and Graduate Teaching Fellows (GTFs) to assist in the teaching and administration of the band 

Leadership
The OMB is largely run by its many student leaders  These include drum majors, section leaders, uniform manager, equipment (truck) crew, garter band members, and the Oregon Athletic Bands Council 

History
2009 – Oregon Marching Band returns to the Rose Bowl  The band reaches 200 members 
2010 – Oregon attends the BCS National Championship in Glendale, Arizona  The Green Garter Band performs at the Musical Instrument Museum in Phoenix, Arizona 
2011 – The Green Garter Band competes for the first time in the 2011 Reno Jazz Festival and received all superior ratings 
2011 - Oregon Marching Band plays at the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship at Autzen Stadium vs UCLA
2012 - Oregon Marching Band returns to the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California
2012 - Nike creates a third version of its marching band uniform for the Oregon Marching Band 
2013 - Oregon Marching Band attends the Fiesta Bowl in Glendale, Arizona 
2013 - Oregon Basketball Bands attends the Pac-12 Men's Basketball Tournament at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, NV
2013 - Oregon Marching Band attends the Alamo Bowl in San Antonio, Texas 
2014 - Oregon Athletic bands adopts "Soundtrack of the Ducks" as their official slogan 
2014 - Remembering Eric Humphrey 
2014 - Oregon Marching Band plays at the first college football game at Levi's Stadium 
2014 - Oregon Marching Band returns to Levi's Stadium for the Pac-12 Championship Game
2015 - Oregon Marching Band attends the inaugural College Football Playoff Semifinal Game at the Rose Bowl
2015 - Oregon Marching Band attends the inaugural College Football Playoff National Championship Game at AT&T Stadium
2015 - Oregon Marching Band attends the Alamo Bowl in San Antonio, Texas 
2017 - Oregon Marching Band attends the Las Vegas Bowl in Las Vegas, Nevada 
2018 - Oregon Marching Band attends the Redbox Bowl in San Francisco, California 
2019 - Oregon Marching Band returns to the Rose Bowl and marches in Rose Parade in Pasadena, California 
2021 - Oregon Marching Band attends the Alamo Bowl in San Antonio, Texas

Songs
The Oregon Marching Band plays a wide variety of songs designed to add to the atmosphere of Autzen Stadium's game day  The fight song of the Ducks is former director Albert Perfect's "Mighty Oregon"  For the most part, the OMB plays popular tunes from the last 40 years  Some fan favorites include Journey's "Separate Ways", the theme song from Disney's "DuckTales", "Louie Louie"", "Ease On Down The Road" from The Wiz, numerous charts by Earth, Wind & Fire, and dozens of BBQs  Newer additions include "High Hopes", "Winner", and "MoBamba "

Fine for BBQ's
"Fine For BBQ's", usually referred to as simply "BBQs", is a collection of short stands tunes  Usually played by the band in the stands, some of the longer BBQs, such as "Come on Eileen" and "Walking on Sunshine", are used during pregame, battle of the bands and other performances  The specific songs included have changed over the years as new songs have been added and old ones have been removed  Many of the BBQs are based on popular music  Some recent additions include "Till the World Ends" and "Party Rock Anthem"

Prime Cuts
"Prime Cuts" is a newer collection of short stand tunes  Usually the band plays these when certain football players make good plays  For example: Marcus Mariota's theme song was "Hawaii Five-O," Vernon Adam's theme song was "California Love," and Justin Herbert's theme song was "300 Violin Orchestra"  Other notable songs in the collection include "Shots", "Menance", and "School's Out"

Half Time Shows
2009

Guitar Hero: Livin' On A Prayer, More Than A Feeling, Carry On Wayward Son
Back To The Future2010

Queen: Bohemian Rhapsody, Don't Stop Me Now, We Are The Champions
Music from Avatar2011

Van Halen: Jump, Panama, Runnin' With The Devil, Hot For Teacher
Aladdin: Arabian Nights, Friend Like Me, A Whole New World, Finale
Pop Show: All Of The Lights, Party Rock Anthem, You Make Me Feel   2012

Rock Of Ages: Juke Box Hero/I Love Rock 'N Roll, Pour Some Sugar On Me, We Built This City/We're Not Gonna Take It
West Side Story
Gangnam Style2013

Fantasmic!
Maroon 5: This Love, Payphone, Love Somebody, Moves Like Jagger2014

Huey Lewis & The News: Hip To Be Square, The Heart Of Rock And Roll, Couple Days Off
Bruno Mars: Treasure, Marry You, Grenade, Runaway Baby
Evolution of Dance: Medley of popular dance tunes2015

Tribute to Stevie Wonder: Superstition, Uptight, Signed Sealed Delivered, Sir Duke and Isn't She Lovely
Classical Metal Show: Carmina Burana, Montagues and Capulets, and the Finale to Dvorak's 9th Symphony
Latin show based on Blue Devils tunes: Legend of the One Eyed Sailor and La Fiesta2016

Music from the band Styx
Tribute to Jimi Hendrix2017

The Marvel Cinematic Universe featuring the Marvel Fanfare Theme, Captain America, The Avengers, Thor and Thor The Dark World, Iron Man, and Marvel Recap
Music of American Composers2018

Funk music: Let's Groove by Earth Wind and Fire, Kiss the Sky by Jason Derulo, Love Stoned by Justin Timberlake
Contemporary Divas: Bang Bang by Ariana Grande, Chandelier by Sia, Destiny's Child Medley featuring Jumpin' Jumpin' and Survivor
Epic Video Game Themes: Final Fantasy VII: Opening-Bombing Mission, Halo Theme, God of War2019

Summer of 1969: Proud Mary by Creedence Clearwater Revival, Evil Ways by Santana, Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In by The 5th Dimension
The Music of Yes: Owner of a Lonely Heart, Changes, Roundabout
Tribute of to the Moon Landing: Rocket Man by Elton John, Space Oddity by David Bowie, Eclipse by Pink Floyd
The Oregon Marching Band also participated in a combined halftime show with the University of Washington Husky Marching Band which included the music from the Summer of 1969 show and added I Want You Back by The Jackson 5

Instrumentation
The instrumentation of the Oregon Marching Band is similar to that of a military band but with the addition of a full front ensemble (also known as a "pit")  The band is open, so specific instrumentation varies from year to year 

Winds
Piccolos
Flutes
1+2 Clarinets
1+2 Alto Saxophones
Tenor Saxophones
1+2+3 Trumpets
Mellophones in F
Horn in Bb
1+2 Trombones
Baritone Horns
Sousaphones

Battery percussion
Snare Drums
Bass Drums
Tenor Drums
Cymbals

Front ensemble
Marimba
Xylophone
Rack-Mounted Tom Drums
Timpani
Bells
Vibraphone
Gong (tam-tam)
Chimes
Keyboard Synthesizer
Electric Bass
Bass Drum
Cymbals
Various other percussion instruments

Uniforms
The Oregon Marching Band shares the same rights of their athletics programs in what they wear, giving them access to Nike-designed uniforms  For the 2008-09 season the OMB received a new style of uniforms to replace the older set of uniforms that were used from 2003 through the 2007 season, which included green wool jackets and bib pants that blended into Autzen Stadium's turf and dark green motorcycle helmets, which some fans likened to those worn by Nazi storm troopers during World War II  Those uniforms were a gift in 2003 from University of Oregon alumni and cofounder of Nike Phil Knight  The new band uniforms were designed in partnership with the school's new football and cheerleading uniforms in an effort to give Oregon football game day a brand as well as what they feel is a unique style  The end result put an emphasis on the marching band being "athletic"  While the 2003 uniforms met with mixed reactions, including the ire of alumni and donors, the new 2008 uniforms were immediately welcomed 

Gameday uniform
Like that of the Oregon football team, the marching band's uniform has many levels of customization by pairing different all-Nike equipment together, such as:

Pants: Black Nike athletic pants with a silver mesh stripe down the sides
Shirts: Green Nike Drifit long sleeve and a green Nike Drifit long sleeve turtle neck (for cold weather, worn under other Drifit), both worn under vest
Vest: Yellow/White reversible vest with carbon-fiber "O" on the front
Jacket: Nike black travel jacket with carbon-fiber "O" on the front
Hats: a variety of green, yellow hats, worn during different quarters of the game
Shoes: custom black Nike Free running shoes with the Nike+ capabilities
T-shirts: green "Oregon Marching Band" T-shirts (additional shirts received for bowl games)
Polos: green Nike "Oregon Marching Band" polo
OBB, GGB and YGB get their own polos 
Students must provide their own slacks and black socks The green helmets, which the band retired after the 2005 season, are currently being sold to raise money for the band 

Festival of Bands
The Festival of Bands (FOB) is an annual high school marching band competition  Thirty bands from around the northwest compete in a two-round competition, prelims and finals  The festival is coordinated by the OMB members, and raises up to $15,000 for the band  It also serves as a major recruiting opportunity for the OMB 
The festival is frequently held concurrently with NWAPA's annual circuit championships  Years that NWAPA championships are hosted by another school, the Festival of Bands is often NWAPA sanctioned event 

Oregon Winterguard
Relaunced in 2018, the University of Oregon Winterguard competed during the NWAPA winter season in class Independent A   They have performed at numerous events across the Northwest including the NWAPA Winterguard Premier, Columbia River Winter Arts Invitational, Sherwood Winter Showcase, WGI Portland, and NWAPA Championships  Additionally, the winterguard has been the NWAPA Independent A Champions in both 2018 and 2019 as well as a WGI Regional Finalist  Since the cancelation of the NWAPA 2021 winter season, Oregon Winterguard has not made any competitive appearances  The Oregon Winterguard has continued as a class, hosting an exhibition show in March of 2023 that featured full winterguard shows from both themselves and the Sheldon High School Winterguard, along with solo and small group performances from members of both groups  Jennifer Freeman is the current director 

Oregon Athletic Bands Council
The Oregon Athletic Bands Council (OABC) is a group of students in the Oregon Marching Band that meets once a week throughout the school year to plan and organize many of the behind-the-scenes and logistical aspects of the Oregon Marching Band and other athletic bands  These aspects include Festival of Bands, winter band banquet, recruiting, and other related events  All members of the athletic bands are welcome to join OABC meetings, allowing all sections of the band to be represented  The council is composed of student leadership; a mix of elected positions and section leaders 
The 2021-2022 Oregon Athletic Bands Council positions are as follows:
President - Ben Orlov
Vice President - Kylie Farmer
Secretary/Historian - Patricia Young
Public Relations - Emily Rowe
OABC Liaison - Reid Mitchell
Chair of Non-Public Relations - Ethan Hartman
Festival of Bands Coordinator - Torrye Torrance
Recruitment - Reid Mitchell
Band Banquet - Broderick Buckholtz
Student Safety Advocate - Anna Boyd
Drum Majors:
Head: Zach Barrows
Andrew Hamilton
Claire Schmitz
OABC is run by an executive committee composed of the President, Vice President, and the Drum Majors of OMB  The OABC President also meets with the Director of Athletic Bands once a week to discuss band matters and to better coordinate the faculty with the students 

Other Athletic bands
Basketball Band
The Oregon Basketball Band (OBB) is a group of 80-100 OMB members who perform at all University of Oregon Men's and Women's Basketball home games  The group is auditioned from members of the OMB at the end of marching band season  Prior to January 2011, the OBB played in McArthur Court, better known as "The Pit"  On January 13, 2011, the OBB, along with the rest of the OMB, the Oregon Cheerleaders and the Pit Crew, participated in the opening ceremony for the newly opened Matthew Knight Arena before the men's basketball game against USC   In addition to home games, the OBB travels with both the men's and women's teams to the Pac-12 tournaments in Seattle, Washington and Las Vegas, Nevada, respectively, as well as March Madness tournaments 

Green Garter Band
The Green Garter Band (GGB) is a select group of twelve players that plays at numerous additional events for the University of Oregon  From funk to rock to hip hop, the GGB plays hundreds of high-energy student-arranged songs to entertain the hundreds of thousands they perform to every year  The group has a faculty advisor, the Director of Athletic Bands, but for the most part is entirely run by its student members  The Green Garter Band performs for all UO Women's Volleyball home games, UO Women's Basketball home games, many UO Softball home games and serves as the core unit of the OBB and OMB  Each year, the GGB also gives approximately 20-25 performances at special Athletic Department events, for the UO School of Music and Dance, for the University at large, and at various special events within the community  In return for their large commitment, Green Garter Band members are awarded scholarships equal to about 12 in-state credits  The demand for the GGB is so high that in 2002 the Yellow Garter Band (YGB) was created to help fulfill the number of requests coming in  The Yellow Garter Band is identical to its Green counterpart in most regards, but has a slightly smaller commitment  In return for their commitment, members of the YGB receive a large book scholarship every term  Together, the Green and Yellow Garter Bands have gained recognition and acclaim on campus, in the community and even nationally 

Discography
2008 Fighting Duck Spirit 2008 includes Music of Pinball Wizard; Music from the musical Wicked
2007 Fighting Duck Spirit 2007 includes Music of Journey; Music of 007
2006 Fighting Duck Spirit 2006 includes Disney's Fantasmic; Superheroes: Music from X-Men and Superman
2005 Fighting Duck Spirit 2005-06 includes Music from The Incredibles; Rock Show
2004 Fighting Duck Spirit 2005 includes Music from Harry Potter; Gershwin Medley
2003 Fighting Duck Spirit 2004 includes Music from Pirates of the Caribbean; Call of the Mountain; The Green Garter band
2002 Fighting Duck Spirit 2003 includes Music of Earth Wind & Fire; Adiemus: Music of Karl Jenkins
2001 Fighting Duck Spirit CD 2002 includes Music of Chicago; Appalachian Spring
2000 "Fighting Duck Spirit CD 2001" includes Music from Gladiator
1999 "Fighting Duck Spirit CS 2000" includes Music from Star Wars: Episode I
Passage 2:
Leo Harris
Leo A  Harris (August 6, 1904 – April 22, 1990) was an American athlete, coach, and athletic director  He played college football at Stanford University, coached football and basketball at Fresno State College, and was the first athletic director for the University of Oregon, bringing success to a financially troubled system  He was also known for his handshake deal with Walt Disney that permitted the University of Oregon to use the likeness of Donald Duck as the basis for its mascot, the Oregon Duck 

Playing and coaching career
Harris was a fullback and guard at Santa Cruz High School in Santa Cruz, California  He attended Stanford University, where he played tackle for legendary coach "Pop" Warner in 1925 and 1926 Following his collegiate playing career, Harris was football coach at Fresno State College from 1933 to 1935, winning Far West Conference championships the last two years  Harris also coached Fresno State's basketball program 

Oregon's first athletic director
In 1947, Harris was named athletic director at the University of Oregon, the first person to hold that title  At that time, Oregon's athletic department was in serious financial trouble  Through fundraising and careful planning, Harris expanded both the quality of the University's athletic programs as well as its facilities His most significant achievement was the construction of a new football stadium to replace aging Hayward Field  His efforts, beginning with procurement of property across the Willamette River from campus and continuing with fundraising and governmental negotiations, resulted in the construction of Autzen Stadium, completed in 1967  Harris also oversaw expansion of McArthur Court and improvements to Hayward Field and the baseball team's Howe Field Harris was also noted for striking a handshake deal with Walt Disney in 1947 that allowed Oregon to use the likeness of Donald Duck as the University's athletic mascot, The Oregon Duck  When Disney lawyers in the 1970s discovered that no written contract existed, the university produced a photograph of Harris alongside Walt Disney wearing a Donald-emblazoned Oregon jacket as proof that an agreement did exist  From that photo evidence, a formal contract licensing Donald's use by the university was created 

Legacy
Harris served as Oregon's athletic director for 20 years, stepping down in 1967, shortly before Autzen Stadium was completed  Today, the stadium's address is on Leo Harris Parkway  Harris died at his Carmel, California retirement home in 1990  He was inducted into the University of Oregon Athletic Hall of Fame in 1992, and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame that same year 

Head coaching record
Football
Passage 3:
Petey (mascot)
Petey is the mascot for the Canisius Golden Griffins, the athletic teams of Canisius College in Buffalo, New York, USA  Petey is an anthropomorphic golden griffin who performs live at all Canisius athletic events  Canisius adopted the nickname "Golden Griffins" for their school athletic teams in 1932, in honor of Great Lakes explorer La Salle's ship, Le Griffon  Canisius first used an unnamed costumed griffin as a sideline mascot in 1967  In preparation for the 2002–2003 athletic season, the griffin mascot was completely re-designed and given a new costume and name  The name "Petey" was chosen as a reference to St  Peter Canisius, who Canisius College is named for Canisius' golden griffin has been called one of the most unusual of all NCAA mascots  In 2010, after the College of William & Mary adopted the Griffin as their new school mascot, Petey "wrote" a satirical open letter to the William & Mary griffin that was published in USA Today, welcoming the new griffin mascot to the college mascot community In 2013, the Catholic website Busted Halo held a March Madness-style competition to determine the title of "Best Catholic Mascot" through online voting  Petey won the online tournament, besting a field of 32 Catholic school mascots, including Notre Dame's Leprechaun and Boston College's Baldwin the Eagle  The following year, Petey advanced to the Final 4 of the same Busted Halo contest, but was ultimately defeated by Iggy the Royal Wolf from the University of Scranton  In 2015 Petey was entered in to the College Court Report "Mascot Mayhem" contest, where he made it to the Final 4 - surpassing Butler, North Florida, St  Louis, and UNLV  Sam the Minuteman from the University of Massachusetts Amherst claimed the 1st place prize  In 2016 Petey faced off against Boomer from Missouri State in the semi-finals of Court Report's "Mascot Mayhem" contest  Over 7,000 votes were cast in the final contest pairing, and Petey was narrowly defeated by a margin of 56 8% to 43 2%, claiming the 2nd place title 
Passage 4:
The Oregon Duck
The Oregon Duck  is the mascot of the University of Oregon Ducks athletic program, based on Disney's Donald Duck character through a special license agreement  The mascot wears a green and yellow costume, and a green and yellow beanie cap with the word "Oregon" written on it 

Early mascots
Oregon teams were originally known as Webfoots, possibly as early as the 1890s  The Webfoots name originally applied to a group of fishermen from the coast of Massachusetts who had been heroes during the American Revolutionary War  When their descendants settled in Oregon's Willamette Valley in the 19th century, the name stayed with them  A naming contest in 1926 won by Oregonian sports editor L  H  Gregory made the Webfoots name official, and a subsequent student vote in 1932 affirmed the nickname, chosen over other suggested nicknames such as Pioneers, Trappers, Lumberjacks, Wolves, and Yellow Jackets Ducks, with their webbed feet, began to be associated with the team in the 1920s, and a live white duck named "Puddles" began to appear at sports events  Journalists, especially headline writers, also adopted the shorter Duck nickname  In 1978, a student cartoonist came up with a new duck image called Mallard Drake, but students chose Donald as the official mascot by a 2–to–1 margin 

Relationship with Disney
Beginning in 1940, cartoon drawings of Puddles in student publications began to resemble Donald Duck, and by 1947, Walt Disney was aware of the issue  Capitalizing on his friendship with Disney cartoonist Mike Royer, Oregon athletic director Leo Harris met Disney and reached an informal handshake agreement that granted the University of Oregon permission to use Donald as its sports mascot, naming him Donald Duck When Disney lawyers later questioned the agreement in the 1970s, the university produced a photo showing Harris and Disney wearing matching jackets with an Oregon Donald logo  Relying on the photo as evidence of Disney's wishes, in 1973, both parties signed a formal agreement granting the university the right to use Donald's likeness as a symbol for (and restricted to) Oregon sports  The agreement gave Disney control over where the mascot could perform and ensured that the performer inside the costume would "properly represent the Donald Duck character "In 2010, Disney and the university reached an agreement that removed the costumed Oregon Duck mascot from its association with the Donald trademark, and allowed The Duck to make more public appearances, such as at college mascot competitions  The mascot in graphic art, which is more similar to Donald Duck than the rounder head and body of the costume, is still covered by the trademark agreement 

Controversy
During the 2007 season opener, The Duck got into a fistfight with Shasta, the mascot for the Houston Cougars, for seemingly mimicking the Duck's routine of doing push-ups after the mascot's team scores  Footage of the attack became very popular on YouTube for several weeks  The Duck was suspended for a game and the student inside the costume received an unspecified punishment Late in the 2009 season, students of the university created a video, I Love My Ducks, in which The Duck made an appearance  Due to the agreement with Disney in place at the time, the creators had to remove the video from YouTube  However, by that time, the video had "gone viral" and coach Chip Kelly requested the video be played at the Ducks' final game of that season, the Civil War 

Other mascots
A Nike-designed futuristic Spandex-costume-wearing duck called Mandrake (and nicknamed "Duck Vader" and "RoboDuck" by the student body), began appearing at athletic events in 2002, but had disappeared by 2003 

See also
List of duck mascots
Passage 5:
Texas A&amp;M–Kingsville Javelinas
The Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas ( HAH-və-LEE-nə) are the athletic teams that represent Texas A&M University–Kingsville (TAMUK) in Kingsville, Texas, in intercollegiate sports at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Lone Star Conference (LSC) since the 1954–55 academic year 
Some of the women's athletic teams use the name Lady Javelinas; however, the school's other teams use the Javelina name  The javelina serves as the mascot representing the teams, and the school colors are blue and gold 

History
Texas A&M–Kingsville has a rich and storied sports history  From the establishment of the university as "South Texas State Teachers College" in 1925, the university embraced athletic competition  That year, the students of the school chose the "javelina" as a mascot – the only college or university in the world to do so Often incorrectly considered a wild pig, a javelina is actually a ferocious creature that shares more in common with a coyote than a pig  Once provoked, a javelina often viciously and tenaciously fights any perceived threat, as demonstrated when the school's first president, Dr  Robert Cousins, discovered in 1929  After suffering an attack by one of the three mascots on the campus, Dr  Cousins stated that the creature stands for a symbol of the character of the school's students The first varsity letters were awarded to 15 members of the Javelina football team in December 1925  By the time of the school's first name change (to "Texas College of Arts and Industries") in 1929, the school participated in a wide array of sports, including football, baseball, men and women's basketball, and men and women's track and field 
Today, the school competes in 11 NCAA varsity sports, and has gained recognition around the country for its ability to compete on a regional and national level  The school has a rich history of athletes who have moved on to national and international competition in the Olympic Games, as well as various professional sport leagues 

Sports
Texas A&M–Kingsville (TAMUK) competes in 13 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, beach volleyball, cross country, golf, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball 
The university also offers various club and intramural sports  Participation in these activities by individual students and clubs in the university is highly encouraged 

Football
Since the school was established 1925, football has been the most popular sport on campus 
In early 1929, the school joined the original Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (TIAA)  By the time the TIAA folded, the "Fighting Javelinas" had won two football championships  Following this, the school competed independently for several years  They moved from competing with junior colleges and teachers' colleges to competing against larger schools throughout the state  One highlight of this period included a football game that pitted the Javelinas against the Aggies of Texas A&M at Kyle Field in College Station  The Javelinas led the game until the Aggies tied it at 14 with three minutes left to play  The game ended in a tie  However, the Javelinas demonstrated that they could hold their own with a large football powerhouse  This further substantiated the team's nickname as "the toughest little team in the nation "In 1934, the school participated in the Lone Star Conference on a probationary period  In 1935, the school joined the Alamo Conference  By 1937, the Javelinas captured their first Alamo Conference co-championship (with St  Mary's)  The next year, the Javelinas won their first outright Alamo Conference football championship  This led to a string of football championships and the school's recognition as a football powerhouse For the 1954 season, A&I was finally inducted into the Lone Star Conference (LSC)  By 1959, the Javelinas won the first in a long string of LSC championships  Since then, the school has remained a perennial conference powerhouse, winning 27 championships  During the years that the LSC was a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), the Javelinas also picked up seven national championships  During the 1970s, the Javelinas won five NAIA national championships and went undefeated from the last game of 1973 through third game of 1977 After the LSC joined the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division II in 1980, the Javelinas continued their conference, regional, and national success  Just a year after the university changed its name to Texas A&M University–Kingsville, the Javelinas played in the 1994 NCAA Division II National Football Championship, only to lose to the University of North Alabama by a score of 16–10  While an NCAA D2 national championship remains elusive, the Javelinas continuously remained nationally ranked football team poised to challenge for an elusive title The success of the Javelina Football team has led many writers and recruiters to dub the school a "football factory"  More than 150 athletes from Javelina football teams have gone on to play professional football, and more than 50 of these were draft picks in the NFL draft – more than any other school in either the NAIA or NCAA Division II  As a result, many athletes choose to play for Texas A&M University–Kingsville simply for the opportunity to shine on a national stage 

Baseball and softball
Baseball began as a competitive team sport at the school in 1926  As the national pastime, it was immediately popular among students, faculty, and administration  Unfortunately, the vast distance between schools and the limited number of teams with baseball] programs made justifying the enormous cost to the new school difficult  To much chagrin, the school discontinued the program in 1930 In 1990, athletic director and Javelina Football Coach Ron Harms announced that the university would re-establish a baseball team after more than 60 years  In 1992,  pitcher Nolan Ryan and a local rancher named Frank Horlock established a fund to build a baseball stadium on the campus  A year later, Ryan and Horlock, along with NFL coaching legend Bum Phillips, actor Larry Hagman, and other celebrities, attended a gala event with around 350 guests that established the funds necessary to build the stadium In 1993, the Javelinas of the newly renamed Texas A&M University–Kingsville" began competing with other LSC teams in NCAA Division II baseball  A year later, the school christened the 4,000-seat stadium as Nolan Ryan Field in honor of the Texas pitching legend's efforts to build the stadium In addition, Texas A&M University–Kingsville established a competitive softball team in 1993  Within a four years, the popular sport was able to build a stadium of its own  In 1997, the Lady Javelinas softball team opened the stadium with a win against Incarnate Word  By 2001, the team set NCAA Division II records in softball attendance Since the establishment of softball and the reestablishment of baseball, the programs have experienced fantastic success  Both teams have made deep runs in the NCAA Division II tournaments while gaining regional and national exposure 

Facilities
Baseball – Nolan Ryan Field
Basketball – Hampton Inn Court at the Steinke Physical Education Center
Football – Javelina Stadium
Golf – L E  Ramey Golf Course in Kingsville
Rodeo – Texas Tech Equestrian Center/Dub Parks Memorial Arena
Softball – Vernie and Blanche Hubert Field
Track and field – Javelina Stadium
Volleyball – Hampton Inn Court at the Steinke Physical Education Center

Championships
The Javelinas have a long history of success in regional and national competition  In addition to being one of the most accomplished teams in the NAIA and NCAA Division II sports, the university has earned numerous division, conference, and national-championship flags and trophies 

National
The Javelina Football team has won seven national championships in the NAIA: 1979, 1976, 1975, 1974, 1970, 1969, and 1959  They were the runner-up in the NCAA Division II National Football Championship in 1994 

Conference
Football
The university's football team has earned 34 conference championships: 1931, 1932, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1951, 1952, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1967–70, 1974–77, 1979, 1985, 1987–89, 1992–97, 2001–04, and 2009 

Baseball
Since baseball was reinstated as a varsity sport at Texas A&M University–Kingsville in 1993, the Javelina baseball team has earned four LSC championships: 1995, 1998, 2004, 2008, 2014, and 2015  The baseball team also has one appearance in the NCAA Division II College World Series in 2018 

Division
Since the creation of the LSC South Division in 1997, the Javelina football team has won seven LSC South Division Championships: 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2009 

Tournaments
Softball
The Javelina softball team has participated in three NCAA Division II championship tournaments: 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2019 

Men's basketball
The Javelina men's basketball team has made deep runs in four NCAA Division II championship tournaments: 2009, 2004, 1996, and 1992 

Women's basketball
The Lady Javelinas basketball team has participated in three NCAA Division II championship tournaments: 2001, 2000, and 1983  In 2001, the Lady Javelinas advanced to the NCAA Elite 8 game 

Men's track and field
The men's track and field team won NCAA Division II outdoor track and field national championships in 2018  The men's track and field squad won the IBC Bank Cactus Cup in 2010 

Traditions
Texas A&M University–Kingsville has a long history of athletic traditions  Since the university was established in 1925, the school placed an emphasis on traditions that united students in institutional and organizational identity 

Current
School colors: The school's official colors are royal blue and gold, which are reflected around the campus  They are seen in the uniforms of athletes, coaches, and band members  They are also found on flags and school apparel, and are proudly worn during sporting events 
Alma mater: The official song of the university, "Hail AMK", is sung following each football game 
School songs: The official fight song for TAMUK, is "Jalisco", is played by the band following every touchdown  In addition, the "Javelina Victory March" is played after every field goal or extra point  Other songs are played during the games, often followed by a chant of "Go Hogs Go!"
Pride of South Texas Marching Band: This is the award-winning marching band of the school  The band has participated in competitions throughout Texas and the United States  They routinely perform during halftime of home football games  In addition, the band plays the school's alma mater at the end of football games 
Bonfire: During homecoming week, a large bonfire is held in a field located adjacent to the soccer field and softball stadium  The bonfire is sponsored by the Aggie Club and is open to the student body, faculty, staff, and alumni of the university 
Homecoming King and Queen: In the weeks preceding the homecoming, members of various student organizations campaign for King and Queen  Students vote for the candidates of their choice, and the results are announced during halftime at the Homecoming Game 
Tailgate party: A tailgate party is hosted in the northeastern parking lot of Javelina Stadium before each home football game  These gatherings have become a normal part of Javelina football games and attract thousands of fans  The tailgate party is open to the public and many student organizations, clubs, and surrounding businesses around the area choose to participate with food, drinks, and music 
Army ROTC: The cadets of Javelina Battalion present colors during official school functions  Javelina Battalion upholds several internal traditions, including the firing of "Old Smokey" (prior to 1965, cadets fired a cannon known as "Little Jav") during home football games, as well as sponsoring the Military Ball each year since 1975 
Hog Calls: Enthusiastic rallies are held before the 1st Home Game, Family Weekend and Homecoming games 
Blue Out: During home games, students are encouraged to participate in a "Blue Out" – where students wear their school colors in a sign of school spirit 
Porky's Pack and Train: Children who become members of Porky's Pack accompany Porky the Javelina mascot on a train ride around the stadium throughout the game 
Blue Thunder: Prior to kickoff, students sitting on the west side of the stadium repeatedly kick the metal rails beneath their seats in a sign of school solidarity, resulting in a thunderous clamor 
Flag Run: Following each touchdown scored by the Javelinas, two separate school flags are run around the stadium by members of the Aggie Club 
Tortilla toss: During the 1980s, students began to throw tortillas following every touchdown as a show of support for the football team  This tradition was halted in 1999 after some students complained of possible racial undertones  School officials subsequently banned tortillas from the stadium; however, tortillas continue to be thrown during the game 
College Hall black lights: Following each football victory, the bell tower atop College Hall is lit up with black lights to provide an ethereal reminder to the campus community of each victory 

Athletes
Rally Entry: The Javelina athletic teams choose to make a scenic entry to football, basketball, baseball, and softball games 
Prayer in the End Zone: An unofficial football tradition, many of the players from various religious backgrounds immediately head to the north end zone (near the scoreboard) following entrance into the stadium  These players  kneel in silent prayer  Following the game, many players (from both the Javelinas and visiting teams) choose to meet at the 50-yard-line and pray 
Alma mater: The Javelina football team joins the students on the western bleachers in the singing of the school's alma mater 
Children's Hospital: At various times throughout the year, members of the various Javelina teams accompany Porky the Javelina costumed mascot and visit local hospitals, including the Driscoll Children's Hospital 

Mascots
Mascot: The javelina is the official mascot of Texas A&M University–Kingsville  The a live mascot is paraded during official school events and games  Over the years, various mascots named Henry, Henrietta, Little Henry, Scrappy, and Porky have held the honor as official mascot  The current mascot is named Porky III 
Porky and Baby: The university has two costumed mascots who represent the university at public functions and encourage crowd involvement during athletic events  "Porky" is the original and male javelina mascot  Several years ago, he was joined by "Baby", a female javelina mascot 

Rivalries
As a perennial champ in the LSC and a regional and national powerhouse in football and other sports, the Javelinas of Texas A&M University–Kingsville have fostered several conference, regional, and national rivalries 

Texas A&M University-Commerce
Tarleton State University
University of Central Oklahoma
Abilene Christian University
West Texas A&M University
University of North Alabama
University of California, Davis
Northwest Missouri State University

People
Personnel - head coaches
Autumn Williams, Women's Tennis
Mike Salinas, Football
Jason Gonzales, Baseball
Craig Nicholson, Softball
Johnny Estelle, Men's Basketball
Michael Madrid, Women's Basketball
Tanya Allen, Volleyball/Beach Volleyball
Stefanie Gray, Golf
Ryan Dahl, Track and Field/Cross Country

Notable alumni
Stu Clarkson, NFL linebacker for the Chicago Bears, Texas A&M - Kingsville Football Hall of Fame
Juan Castillo NFL coach, defensive co-ordinator Philadelphia Eagles
Roberto Garza, NFL lineman for the Chicago Bears
Darrell Green, Pro Football Hall of Famer, retired cornerback
Al Harris, NFL cornerback for the Green Bay Packers
Jim Hill, former NFL player for the Green Bay Packers and San Diego Chargers, sports anchor at KCBS-TV in Los Angeles
Jermane Mayberry, NFL guard for the New Orleans Saints
John Randle, retired NFL Hall of Fame defensive tackle
Heath Sherman, retired NFL [running back] for the Philadelphia Eagles
Gil Steinke, NFL defensive back Philadelphia Eagles, longtime coach of the Javelinas  Texas Sports Hall of Fame
Gene Upshaw, Pro Football Hall of Famer, former executive director of the National Football League Players Association
 Johnny Bailey, former NFL running back
Randy Johnson, inaugural NFL quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons
Martin Patton, former CFL running back
Eva Longoria, (Miss Corpus Christi USA in 1998), (American actress) Desperate Housewives, born in Corpus Christi, Texas
Passage 6:
Oregon Ducks
The Oregon Ducks are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Oregon, located in Eugene  The Ducks compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference  With eighteen varsity teams, Oregon is best known for its American football team and track and field program, which has helped Eugene gain a reputation as "Track Town, USA"  Oregon's main rivalries are with the Oregon State Beavers (the Civil War) and the Washington Huskies 

Nicknames and mascot history
Oregon teams were originally known as Webfoots, possibly as early as the 1890s  The Webfoots name originally applied to a group of fishermen from the coast of Massachusetts who had been heroes during the American Revolutionary War; their descendants had settled in Oregon's Willamette Valley in the 19th century and the name stayed with them  A naming contest in 1926 won by Oregonian sports editor L  H  Gregory made the Webfoots name official, and a subsequent student vote in 1932 affirmed the nickname, chosen over other suggested nicknames such as Pioneers, Trappers, Lumberjacks, Wolves, and Yellow Jackets Ducks, with their webbed feet, began to be associated with the team in the 1920s, and live duck mascots were adopted to represent the team  Journalists, especially headline writers, also adopted the shorter Duck nickname, but it was not until the 1940s that the image of Donald Duck, permitted via a handshake deal between Walt Disney and Oregon athletic director Leo Harris, cemented the image of the Duck as the school's mascot  Both nicknames were still in use well into the 1970s In 1978, a student cartoonist came up with a new duck image, but students rejected the alternative by a 2-to-1 margin  Although Donald was not on that ballot, the University Archivist declared that the election made Ducks the school's official mascot, replacing Webfoots 

Varsity programs
The University of Oregon sponsors teams in eight men's and twelve women's NCAA sanctioned sports, primarily competing in the Pac-12 Conference and acrobatics & tumbling competing in the National Collegiate Acrobatics & Tumbling Association, and lacrosse and indoor track & field teams competing in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation 

Football
The football program began in 1893 and played its first game on February 22, 1894, defeating Albany College 46-0  The football team moved to its new home, Hayward Field in 1919 where it shared the facility with the track and field team until Autzen Stadium was completed in 1967 Winning its first Rose Bowl in 1917 against the University of Pennsylvania under head coach  Hugo Bezdek, the Ducks have returned to the Rose Bowl seven additional times in 1920, 1957, 1995, 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2020;  While in the Pacific Coast Conference, the Ducks won five conference co-championships in 1919, 1933, 1948, and 1957  The Pacific Coast Conference was disbanded in 1958, and the Ducks played as an independent until they joined the PCC's effective successor, the Pacific-8 Conference (then officially the Athletic Association of Western Universities), which later became the Pacific-10 Conference and eventually the Pac-12 Conference, in 2011  In the Pac-8/10/12, they have won seven conference championships (1994, 2001, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2019) and shared one championship (2000)  The Ducks were 3–2 during the BCS era, winning the 2002 Fiesta Bowl, the 2012 Rose Bowl, and the 2013 Fiesta Bowl and losing the 2010 Rose Bowl and the 2011 BCS National Championship Game 
In 2014, Oregon won a school record 13 games and saw junior quarterback Marcus Mariota win the school's first Heisman Trophy  That same year, the Ducks made the first ever College Football Playoff and beat the defending champion Florida State Seminoles 59–20 in the 2015 Rose Bowl semi-final  The loss to Oregon ended the Seminoles 29 game win streak and moved the Ducks into the final  They made the first ever CFP National Championship Game where they lost 42–20 to Ohio State 

Basketball
The Ducks men's basketball team played its first season in 1902-1903 under head coach Charles Burden  It was not until 1927 that the Ducks played their first game at McArthur Court, defeating Willamette University 38-10  Head coach Howard Hobson was hired in 1936 and took the basketball team nicknamed "The Tall Firs" to win the first NCAA Men's Basketball Championship in 1939  The Tall Firs achieved a 29-5 record, capped by a 46-33 victory over Ohio State University in the championship game  in the inaugural year for the event 
The Ducks men's team would add only one more shared Pacific Coast Conference title to their two until winning the Pacific-10 Conference title in the 2001-2002 season under head coach Ernie Kent  The Ducks would also make an Elite Eight appearance in the NCAA Tournament that season along with the 2006-2007 season  In 2010-2011, the Ducks moved into the new Matthew Knight Arena and welcomed new coach Dana Altman  Since, Altman has won three Pac-12 Conference Coach of the Year honors (2013, 2015, 2016) and led Oregon to the 2013 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament championship  In addition, Altman has taken Oregon to four straight NCAA men's basketball tournament for the first time in program history (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016), including a trip to the Sweet 16 in 2013 and the Elite 8 in 2016  The Ducks won the 2015-2016 Pac-12 Conference Tournament  This led to the Ducks being the top seed in the West Regional of the 2015-2016 NCAA tournament, its first ever top seeding in the NCAA tournament  The Ducks defeated Holy Cross and Saint Joseph's in the first two rounds of the NCAA tournament to advance to the Sweet 16 in Anaheim, where they defeated the number four seed and defending national champion Duke Blue Devils, 82-68, to advance to the Elite 8 
On the women's side, three eventual first-round WNBA draft picks—Sabrina Ionescu (30 points), Satou Sabally (25 points), and Ruthy Hebard—led the No  1 ranked Ducks to a 93–86 victory over Team USA in November 2019  Their opponents had won the last six Olympic gold medals, the 2018 World Cup, and already qualified for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, and included WNBA stars Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, Nneka Ogwumike, and Sylvia Fowles  The exhibition game was Team USA's first loss to a college team in 20 years  Ionescu, the top pick in the 2020 draft, is also the only NCAA basketball player of either sex to record 2,000 points, 1,000 rebounds, and 1,000 assists in a career, as well as the recipient of multiple national player of the year awards in both 2019 and 2020, sweeping all of the major awards in the latter year 

Track and field
The University of Oregon Cross Country and Track & Field programs have a particularly long and storied history, earning Eugene the nickname Track Town, United States  After several years of struggling, Bill Hayward became the head coach in 1903 and provided solid direction for the program for 44 years, coaching Daniel Kelly and Ralph Hill to Olympic Silver Medals  After Hayward's retirement in 1947, his trainee Bill Bowerman took over the head coaching position in 1949 

Bill Bowerman became a legendary coach, winning numerous NCAA team Championships at Oregon and coached many to All-American and Olympian status such as Steve Prefontaine  His talents were not limited to the track, as he also co-founded Nike, pressured the Amateur Athletic Union to improve its services, and brought the Olympic Trials and NCAA Championships to Hayward Field Bill Bowerman retired in 1973 and his assistant coach, Bill Dellinger became the head coach who brought four NCAA Cross Country Championships and one NCAA Track & Field Championship Steve Prefontaine, who ran at Oregon in the early 1970s, was a legend in his own right, setting 13 American records in seven separate events and only lost three races at Hayward Field during the span of his career  He won seven NCAA championships and today, the Prefontaine Classic is held every year at Hayward Field in his honor The program has garnered numerous NCAA national titles across all the disciplines 

Baseball
The Ducks baseball team first played in 1877, the year following the establishment of the university  In 1981, baseball was dropped due to budgetary concerns  Baseball would be reinstated 26 years later by interim athletic director Patrick Kilkenny and played its first game in 2009  George Horton, who led the Cal State Fullerton baseball team to an NCAA national championship, was hired in 2007 to lead the reinstated Oregon Ducks baseball program  In his second year, Horton guided the team in to a 40-24 record and a berth in the NCAA regionals 

Softball
Oregon Softball plays home games at the new Jane Sanders Stadium  Oregon has had recent success under Coach Mike White who has taken Oregon to the Women's College World Series (WCWS) four times in the last 6 years  Oregon has appeared in seven WCWS, in 1976, 1980, 1989, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2017  In 2014 and 2017, the Ducks reached the national semi-finals 

Volleyball
The Oregon Volleyball program are coached by Matt Ulmer and play its home games at Matthew Knight Arena  They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 16 times including the 2012 National Title Game  Oregon defeated #1 Penn State in the National Semi-Finals before losing to eventual champion Texas in the title match 

Other varsity sports
The Ducks also have varsity teams in women's basketball, golf, tennis, lacrosse, soccer, team stunts and gymnastics 

Notable non-varsity sports
Rugby
Founded in 1961, the University of Oregon Rugby Football Club plays Division 1 college rugby in the Northwest collegiate rugby conference against local rivals such as Washington and Washington State  Oregon's biggest rivalry, however, is their "civil war" matchup against in-state rival Oregon State University  Oregon plays its home games at Riverfront Field  The Ducks have been led by head coach Pate Tuisue since 2012 The University of Oregon Women's Club Rugby Team has been coached by Greg Farrell since 1998  They are a part of the Pacific Mountain Rugby Conference  During their league season they will play University of Washington, Washington State University, Oregon State, Boise State University, and Western Washington University  For the past couple years the team's main rival has been Washington State University  Oregon Women's also plays on Riverfront field 

Ice hockey
The Ducks compete at the Pacific 8 Intercollegiate Hockey Conference of the American Collegiate Hockey Association Division II 
The team will be moving up to Division I in the upcoming 2022-23 season  With the move to Division I, they will be an Independent 

Championships
NCAA team championships
Oregon has won 34 NCAA national championships 
Men's (20)
Basketball (1): 1939
Cross country (6): 1971, 1973, 1974, 1977, 2007, 2008
Golf (1): 2016
Indoor Track & Field (5): 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2021
Outdoor Track & Field (7): 1962, 1964, 1965, 1970, 1984, 2014, 2015
Women's (14)
Cross country (4): 1983, 1987, 2012, 2016
Indoor track and field (7): 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017
Outdoor track and field (3): 1985, 2015, 2017
see also:
Pac-12 Conference NCAA championships
List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships

Other national team championships
Below are four national team titles that are not bestowed by the NCAA:

Women's
Acrobatics and Tumbling (4):  2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
Acrobatics & tumbling is now an NCAA-recognized sport as part of its Emerging Sports for Women program  However, it did not become an Emerging Sport until 2020–21, and still does not have an NCAA-organized championship event 
see also:
List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships

Other national championship game appearances
Football (2): 2010, 2014
Volleyball (1): 2012
Men's Golf (1) : 2017
Women's Golf (1) : 2022

Athletic facilities
The Oregon Ducks football complex is located across the Willamette River to the north of the main campus  The complex includes Autzen Stadium where the games are played, the Len Casanova Center where the locker rooms and training facilities are located, the indoor practice field called the Moshofsky Center, and the outdoor training field named Kilkenny Field  Much of the cost of the state-of-the-art facilities were paid for by the prominent university boosters Phil Knight, Ed Moshofsky, and Patrick Kilkenny Also in the football complex is PK Park, the University of Oregon baseball stadium, completed in 2009 for the reemergence of the baseball program, located in the northeast corner of the parking lot 
The basketball teams along with other court-based sports play at Matthew Knight Arena, dubbed "Matt Court" in a play on McArthur Court's longstanding nickname "Mac Court", the Oregon Ducks' main court through the first part of the 2010–11 season 
Hayward Field was originally constructed for the football team in 1919 and in 1921, a track was installed to accommodate the track team  Today, it is the home of the Oregon Ducks track and field team  This storied venue has been the host of the NCAA Outdoor Track and Field Championships twelve times  The Olympic Trials have been hosted at this venue four times Jane Sanders Stadium, the newest Ducks sports venue, located at the south end of campus, opened in March 2016 as the home diamond for the Ducks softball team 

Rivalries
The Oregon Ducks have an in-state rivalry with the Oregon State Beavers in which they play for the Platypus Trophy  The rivalry, dubbed the Civil War, has been scored across ten different sports that the two universities share over the past nine years  The series is currently tied 4-4-1 The Oregon Ducks and the Washington Huskies have enjoyed a border rivalry that many consider to be even more fierce than the respective teams’ in-state rivalries  The rivalry began to build steam in 1948, when the Ducks and the California Golden Bears tied for the conference win and the Huskies’ vote went to Cal which inked them in for a trip to the Rose Bowl  A few years later, there was a move to remove Oregon, Oregon State, and Washington State from the Pacific Coast Conference (whose history the Pac-10 claims as its own) and the Huskies did not object 

Relationship with Nike
The University of Oregon is commonly referred to as the University of Nike due to Nike co-founder Phil Knight's influence through his donations to the school over the years  Knight ran in the University of Oregon Track & Field program under Nike co-founder Bill Bowerman  Knight graduated from the University of Oregon in 1959 with a bachelor's degree in accounting and went on to earn an M B A  at Stanford University  Knight returned to Oregon and with Bowerman, also a University of Oregon alumnus, later founded Blue Ribbon Sports in 1964, which officially became Nike in 1978  In 1970, Bowerman revolutionized the athletic shoe by pouring molten rubber into a waffle iron, creating a prototype rubber sole  University of Oregon distance runner Steve Prefontaine became the first major track athlete to wear Nike shoes and converted many of his peers to the Nike brand Nike has maintained a close relationship with UO ever since, manufacturing all university logo clothing and uniforms for athletic teams, including research prototypes for high-tech "smart clothes", such as jerseys with cooling systems  Numerous University of Oregon graduates have also gone on to become executives, designers, and business partners of Nike such as Tinker Hatfield and Dan Wieden 
Phil Knight has personally donated significant amounts to the University for both academic and athletic aspirations, including significant amounts toward the Knight Library, the Knight Law Center, numerous endowed chairs, support for the track & field program, the Autzen Stadium expansion, and a $100 million donation to create the Oregon Athletics Legacy Fund Controversy surrounding Nike's labor practices precipitated protests in 2000 led by a group of students calling themselves the Human Rights Alliance  Protests included a 10-day tent city occupation of the lawns in front of Johnson Hall, the main administration building, demanding the university join the Worker Rights Consortium (WRC) University President Dave Frohnmayer signed a one-year contract with the WRC, causing Phil Knight to withdraw a previous $30 million commitment toward the Autzen Stadium expansion project and no further donations toward the University  Nike, since 1998, had actively improved worker conditions abroad and strongly endorsed the Fair Labor Association, an association with similar aspirations of the WRC but with origins and board members from the apparel industry, including Nike  In a public statement, Phil Knight criticized the WRC for having unrealistic provisions and called it misguided while praising the FLA for being balanced in its approach  The students disagreed, saying the FLA has conflicting interests, but President Dave Frohnmayer along with several others agreed with Knight in that the WRC provides unbalanced representation Citing a legal opinion from the University Counsel, President Frohnmayer in October 2000, released a statement saying that the University could not pay its membership dues for the WRC since the WRC was neither an incorporated entity nor had tax-exempt status and to do so was a violation of state law  The Oregon University System on February 16, 2001, enacted a mandate that all institutions within the OUS choose business partners from a politically neutral standpoint, barring all universities in Oregon from membership in the WRC and the FLA  Following the dissolved relationship between the university and the WRC, Phil Knight reinstated the donation and increased the amount to over $50 million  Since then, activity on the subject died down and Frohnmayer believed that the leaders of the protest lost their foothold since they did not represent the majority of students on campus The relationship between the University of Oregon and Nike was the topic of the book, "University of Nike" by Joshua Hunt  In the book, Hunt describes the influence that Nike held over university administrators as well as the strong arm tactics Nike employed to the benefit of corporate interests under the guise of philanthropy  The book also points to this relationship as a bellwether as other U S  states reduce higher education funding, resulting in universities accepting a greater percentage of their funding from corporate sources with their corresponding interests 

See also
Oregon Sports Hall of Fame
List of Oregon Ducks Athletic Directors
Passage 7:
Presbyterian Blue Hose
The Presbyterian Blue Hose are the athletic teams of Presbyterian College, located in Clinton, South Carolina, United States  The Blue Hose athletic program is a member of the Big South Conference and competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS)  The PC Athletic Department fields a total of 17 varsity teams in eight men's and nine women's sports  The school colors are garnet and blue, and the mascot is Scotty the Scotsman, a medieval Scottish warrior  The team name comes from the socks worn by the football team in the early days of the twentieth century 

Conference affiliations
NCAA

Carolinas Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (1964–1972)
South Atlantic Conference (1989–2007)
Big South Conference (2007–present)

Teams
Presbyterian sponsors teams in eight NCAA-sanctioned sports for each sex, plus one women's sport that is not governed by the NCAA 
In December 2017, Presbyterian announced the addition of men's and women's wrestling programs  Men's wrestling is fully sanctioned by the NCAA, while women's wrestling has partial NCAA recognition  Women's wrestling is primarily governed by the Women's Collegiate Wrestling Association, but since 2020–21 has been recognized by the NCAA through its Emerging Sports for Women program  The men's program debuted in 2018–19 as an independent and joined the Southern Conference in July 2019, joining Big South rivals Campbell and Gardner–Webb as SoCon affiliates since the Big South does not sponsor wrestling  The women's program is the first for an NCAA Division I school  The men's team began with a limited varsity schedule in 2018–19 and first played a full schedule in 2019–20, while the women's team began playing a full varsity schedule in 2018–19 Mark Cody, former head coach of American and Oklahoma, was named to lead the Blue Hose  Presbyterian was the first South Carolina-based Division I school to sponsor wrestling since Clemson eliminated its program in 1995  Cassy Lopez of Maryland's Mt  Hebron High School was the first woman to sign a National Letter of Intent with a Division I wrestling program In 2021, Cody became the school's Director of Wrestling  Zach Sheaffer, an All-American with Pittsburgh, became the head coach of the men's and women's teams 

Facilities
SourceBaseball: The PC Baseball Complex was built in the late 1980s 
Basketball: The Furman Pinson Arena in the Ross E  Templeton Center seats approximately 2300 and was opened in 1975 
Campus Golf: PC hosts a state of the art, 8 hole campus golf course located in the parking grounds of Bailey Memorial Stadium  Dubbed "The Links at Jeff E  Redwood" the layout was finalized in 2010 by famed golf course architect, Jeff E  Redwood  The crown jewel of the course is hole #4, commonly known as "Statue Hole"  Pin locations vary from tree bases, to statues, and fire hydrants  The course is open to the public and no green fee is required 
Cross country does not compete on campus 
Football: Bailey Memorial Stadium opened in 2002, seating 6,500; play takes place on Claude Crocker field (natural grass)  In 2021, football will make a transition to the Pioneer Football League
Golf: The Arnold Palmer-designed Musgrove Mill Golf Club is a championship course located at the site of the Revolutionary War Battle of Musgrove Mill and is host to Blue Hose home competitions  The golf teams also make use of the courses at Stoney Point Country Club and Lakeside Country Club 
Lacrosse: Old Bailey Stadium, the former home of PC football, opened in 1928  It now houses Blue Hose lacrosse on its Johnson Field  The stadium seats 3,000 
Soccer: Edens Field at Martin Stadium was built in 2000 and seats about 400 
Softball: PC Softball Complex, opened in 1997, has the main softball stadium, 3 practice fields, and batting cages 
Tennis: The Templeton Tennis Courts have 6 courts with bleacher seating located adjacent to the Templeton Center 
Volleyball and wrestling also compete in the arena at the Templeton Center 
The Blue Hose athletics program also has the Templeton Strength and Conditioning Weight Room and the Kemper D  Lake M D  Sports Medicine Center with a staff of certified, professional athletic trainers for training and rehabilitation 

See also
Presbyterian Blue Hose baseball
Presbyterian Blue Hose men's basketball
Presbyterian Blue Hose women's basketball
Presbyterian Blue Hose football
Passage 8:
Les Schwab Invitational
The Les Schwab Invitational (LSI) is Oregon's premier pre-season high school invitational basketball tournament [1] Prior to its founding in 1996, Oregon's high school teams had to travel out of state for quality pre-season play, denying fans connection to local teams prior to the regular season  In 1994, South Salem High School coach Barry Adams and Beaverton High School coach Nick Robertson, along with the Oregon Athletic Coaches Association, proposed a pre-season tournament to showcase the upcoming season's top teams  After two years of phone calls, lobbying, and meetings, the Oregon State Activities Association approved the proposition and the Oregon Holiday Invitational (renamed in 2000 The Les Schwab Invitational) was born  Since its creation, the tournament has hosted nationally ranked teams from many states including Virginia, New York, Nevada, Louisiana, Texas, Maryland, Georgia, Florida, Pennsylvania, and numerous top teams from California  The LSI is a 4-day, 32-game, boy's high school basketball tournament  It features 16 teams chosen from Oregon's top schools and elite national teams through a partnership with Nike  Prime Time Sports is the owner and promoter of the tournament which was founded by co-tournament creator John McCallum 

Facts
Played in the month of December, usually between December 26 and January 1 
Is a 5-day, 32-game, and 16-team tournament 
Tournament awards include: "The Mr Hustle Award", "Tournament MVP" and "The Shawn Zinsli Team Sportsmanship Award"
Participating teams raise money for their basketball programs through ticket sales and sponsor donations
Oak Hill Academy, from Mouth of Wilson, Virginia has won five LSI championships ('97, '01, '04,'06, '11)
More than 22 Les Schwab Invitational participants have gone on to play in the NBA
Kevin Durant, the 2008 NBA Rookie of the Year was a player in the 2004 LSI while at Oak Hill Academy
Kevin Love is the only freshman to ever be named LSI Most Valuable Player as he did in 2003 while at Lake Oswego High School

Venues
Year-Venue(s)

1996 -Westview High School-Portland, OR ; South Salem High School, Salem, OR ; The University of Portland, Portland, OR ; Beaverton High School, Beaverton, OR 
1997-Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR 
1998-Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR 
1999-Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR 
2000-Memorial Coliseum, Portland, OR 
2001-Memorial Coliseum, Portland, OR 
2002-The University of Portland, Portland, OR 
2003-The University of Portland, Portland, OR 
2004–Present-Liberty High School, Hillsboro, OR 

Teams invited
Oregon State classification 6A and 5A basketball teams as well as the top teams from southwest Washington are invited based on selections made by a committee that meets each January 
3-4 nationally ranked Nike-sponsored teams are also brought in from around the country 

Past champions
Year	School

1996	Beaverton High School Beavers
1997	Oak Hill Academy Warriors
1998	Crenshaw High School Cougars
1999	Jefferson High School Democrats
2000	Dominguez High School Dons
2001	Oak Hill Academy Warriors
2002	Bishop O’Connell High School Knights
2003	Jesuit High School Crusaders
2004	Oak Hill Academy Warriors
2005	Reserve Christian Eagles
2006	Oak Hill Academy Warriors
2007	Archbishop Mitty High School Monarchs
2008	Dominguez High School Dons
2009	Westchester High School Comets
2010 DeMatha Catholic Stags
2011 Oak Hill Academy Warriors
2012 Lake Oswego High School Lakers
2013 Rainier Beach High School Vikings
2014 Montverde Academy Eagles
2015 Oak Hill Academy Warriors
2016 Nathan Hale High School Raiders
2017 Oak Hill Academy Warriors
2018 Sierra Canyon School Trailblazers
2019 Mater Dei High School Monarchs
2020 Cancelled due to COVID-19 Pandemic
2021 Link Academy Lions
2022 West Linn High School Lions

LSI participants named McDonald's All Americans
Carmelo Anthony |	Oak Hill Academy, Mouth of Wilson, VA 2001
Andre Barrett |	Rice High School, New York, NY 1999
Evan Burns |	Fairfax High School, Los Angeles, CA 2000
Tweety Carter |	Reserve Christian, Laplace, LA 2005
Tyson Chandler |	Dominguez High School, Compton, CA 2000
Eric Devendorf |	Oak Hill Academy, Mouth of Wilson, VA 2004
Mike Dunleavy Jr  |	Jesuit High School, Portland, OR 1998
Kevin Durant |	Oak Hill Academy, Mouth of Wilson, VA 2004
Ndudi Ebi |	Westbury Christian, Houston, TX 2002
Donté Greene |	Towson Catholic, Towson, MD 2005
JJ Hickson |	Wheeler High School, Marietta, GA 2006
Brandon Jennings |	Oak Hill Academy, Mouth of Wilson, VA 2006
Terrence Jones |	Jefferson High School, Portland, OR 2010
Doron Lamb |	Oak Hill Academy, Mouth of Wilson, VA 2009
Tywon Lawson |	Oak Hill Academy, Mouth of Wilson, VA 2004
Kevin Love |	Lake Oswego High School, Lake Oswego, OR	2007
Kyle Wiltjer |	Jesuit High School, Beaverton, OR 2011
Jaylen Brown |	Wheeler High School, Marietta, GA 2015
Ben Simmons |	Montverde Academy, Montverde, FL 2015
Michael Porter Jr |	Nathan Hale High School, Seattle, WA 2017
Keldon Johnson |	Oak Hill Academy, Mouth of Wilson, VA 2018
Vernon Carey Jr  |	NSU University School, Fort Lauderdale, FL 2019

Les Schwab Invitational NBA players
Carmelo Anthony – Oak Hill Academy / Portland Trail Blazers
Tyson Chandler – Dominguez H S  / Chicago Bulls 2001–06, New Orleans Hornets 2006–09, Charlotte Bobcats 2009–10, Dallas Mavericks 2010-11 & 2014–15, New York Knicks 2011–14, Phoenix Suns 2015–2018, Los Angeles Lakers 2018
Kevin Durant – Oak Hill Academy / Seattle SuperSonics 2007–08, Oklahoma City Thunder 2008–2016, Golden State Warriors 2016–Present
Kevin Love – Lake Oswego H S  / Miami Heat
Greg Monroe – Helen Cox H S  / Toronto Raptors
Kemba Walker – Rice H S  / Charlotte Hornets
Marvin Bagley III - Sierra Canyon H S  / Detroit Pistons
Jaylen Brown - Wheeler H S  / Boston Celtics
Markelle Fultz - Dematha H S  / Orlando Magic
Aaron Gordon - Archbishop Mitty H S  / Denver Nuggets
Dejounte Murray - Rainier Beach H S  / Atlanta Hawks
Terrence Ross - Jefferson H S  / Phoenix Suns
Ben Simmons - Montverde Academy / Brooklyn Nets
Jahlil Okafor - Whitney Young / New Orleans Pelicans
Michael Porter Jr - Nathan Hale HS / Denver Nuggets
Keldon Johnson - Oak Hill Academy / San Antonio Spurs
Payton Pritchard - West Linn H S  / Boston Celtics
Scottie Barnes - University School / Toronto Raptors
Zach Collins - Bishop Gorman / San Antonio Spurs
Tari Eason - Garfield HS / Houston Rockets
Jerami Grant - DeMatha Catholic / Portland Trailblazers
Drew Eubanks - Reynolds HS / Portland Trailblazers
Kenyon Martin Jr  - Sierra Canyon / Houston Rockets
Jaylen Nowell - Garfield HS / Minnesota Timberwolves
Kevin Porter Jr  - Rainier Beach / Houston Rockets
JT Thor - Norcross HS / Charlotte Hornets

Sponsors
The current 2022 presenting sponsor is Express Employment Professionals  The tournament's key sponsors are Les Schwab Tires and Nike, both Oregon based companies 
Context 3:  Seriously ill, Ran suspended his strike on 23 April, National Sovereignty and Children's Day  His doctor's request to treat him in hospital for three months was refused by officials  As his imprisonment status had not changed, he resumed his hunger strike on the morning of 2 May Nâzım's hunger strike caused a stir throughout the country  Petitions were signed and a magazine named after him was published  His mother, Celile, began a hunger strike on 9 May, followed by the renowned Turkish poets Orhan Veli, Melih Cevdet and Oktay Rıfat the next day  In light of the new political situation after the 1950 Turkish general election, held on 14 May, the strike ended five days later, on 19 May, Turkey's Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day, when he was finally released by a general amnesty law enacted by the new government On 22 November 1950, the World Council of Peace announced that Nâzım was among the recipients of the International Peace Prize, along with Pablo Picasso, Paul Robeson, Wanda Jakubowska and Pablo Neruda Later on, Nâzım escaped from Turkey to Romania on a ship via the Black Sea and from there moved to the Soviet Union  Because the Soviet bloc recognized the Turkish minority only in communist Bulgaria, the poet's books were immediately brought out in this country, both in Turkish originals and in Bulgarian translations  The communist authorities in Bulgaria celebrated him in Turkish and Bulgarian publications as 'a poet of liberty and peace ' The goal was to discredit Turkey presented as a "lackey of the imperialist" United States in the eyes of Bulgaria's Turkish minority, many of whom desired to leave for or were expelled to Turkey in 1950–1953 When the EOKA struggle broke out in Cyprus, Ran believed that its population could live together peacefully, and he called on the Cypriot Turks to support the Greek Cypriots' demand for an end to British rule and union with Greece (enosis)  Hikmet drew negative reaction from Turkish Cypriots for his opinions Persecuted for decades by the Turkey during the Cold War for his communist views, Nâzım died of a heart attack in Moscow on 3 June 1963 at 6 30 a m  while he was picking up a morning newspaper at the door of his summer house in Peredelkino, far away from his beloved homeland  He is buried in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, where his tomb is still a place of pilgrimage for Turks and others from around the world  His final wish, which was never carried out, was to be buried under a plane tree (platanus) in any village cemetery in Anatolia His poems depicting the people of the countryside, villages, towns and cities of his homeland (Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları, "Human Landscapes from my Country"), as well as the Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı Destanı, i e  The Epic of the War of Independence"), and the Turkish revolutionaries (Kuvâyi Milliye, "Force of the Nation) are considered among the greatest literary works of Turkey After his death, the Kremlin ordered the publication of the poet's first-ever Turkish-language collected works in communist Bulgaria, where a large and recognized Turkish national minority still existed  The eight volumes of these collected works, Bütün eserleri, appeared at Sofia between 1967 and 1972, in the very last years of the existence of the Turkish minority educational and publishing system in Bulgaria 
Nâzım had Polish and Turkish citizenship  The latter was revoked in 1959 and restored in 2009  His family has been asked if it wanted his remains repatriated from Russia 

Patronage
During the 1940s, as he was serving his sentence at Bursa Prison, painted  There, he met a young inmate, İbrahim Balaban  Ran discovered Balaban's talent in drawing, gave all his paint and brushes to him, and encouraged him to continue with painting  Ran influenced the peasant and educated him, who had finished only a three-grade village school, in forming his own ideas in the fields of philosophy, sociology, economics, and politics  Ran greatly admired Balaban and referred to him in a letter to the novelist Kemal Tahir as "his peasant painter" (Turkish: Köylü ressam)  Their contact remained after they were released from the prison 

Selected works
"I Come and Stand at Every Door"
Nâzım's poem "Kız Çocuğu" ("The Girl Child") conveys a plea for peace from a seven-year-old girl, ten years after she perished in the atomic bomb attack at Hiroshima  It has achieved popularity as an anti-war message and has been performed as a song by a number of singers and musicians both in Turkey and elsewhere  It is also known in English by various other titles, including "I Come and Stand at Every Door", "I Unseen" and "Hiroshima Girl" 

Turkish
Zülfü Livaneli has performed a version of the original Turkish poem on his album Nazım Türküsü, which was later sung in Turkish by Joan Baez 
Fazıl Say included the poem in his Nazım oratorio in Turkish 

Bengali
Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet) translated Hikmet's poems into Bengali  The poems are collected in two anthologies, Nirbachita Nazim Hikmet (1952)(Selected Poems of Nazem Hikmet) ISBN 81-7079-501-X and Nazem Hikmet er Aro Kobita (1974) (More Poems of Nazem Himet)  Some of the translations are available in open source 

Greek
Thanos Mikroutsikos, in the album Politika tragoudia (Political Songs, 1975) composed a series of Hikmet's poems, adapted in Greek by the poet Yiannis Ritsos 
Manos Loizos composed settings of some of Ran's poems, adapted in Greek by Yiannis Ritsos  They are included in the 1983 disc Grammata stin agapimeni (Letters to the Beloved One) 

English
The usual tune is a nontraditional melody composed by Jim Waters in 1954 to fit the lyrics of Child 113 ballad "The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry", which was recorded by American folksinger Joan Baez as "Silkie" on her second album Joan Baez, Vol  2 in 1961 
According to American activist folk musician Pete Seeger, Jeanette Turner did a loose English "singable translation" of the poem under a different title, "I Come And Stand At Every Door", and sent a note to Seeger asking "Do you think you could make a tune for it?" in the late 1950s  After a week of trial and failure, the English translation was used by Seeger in 1962 with an adaptation of "an extraordinary melody put together by a Massachusetts Institute of Technology student, James Waters, who had put a new tune to a mystical ballad 'The Great Silkie' which he could not get out of his head, without permission " Seeger wrote in Where Have All the Flowers Gone: "It was wrong of me  I should have gotten his permission  But it worked  The Byrds made a good recording of it, electric guitars and all " Seeger also used the track in his 1999 compilation album Headlines & Footnotes: A Collection Of Topical Songs  Seeger sang the song on 9 August 2013, the 68th anniversary of the Nagasaki atomic bombing, on a Democracy Now! interview 
British folk singer Harvey Andrews recorded a version under the title "Child of Hiroshima" (sometimes re-released as "Children of Hiroshima"), released on his eponymous debut EP in 1965 
The Byrds; the American rock band used the translation on their third album Fifth Dimension in 1966 
Roger McGuinn of the Byrds later recorded the song with its original lyrics as part of his Folk Den project 
The Misunderstood used the translation, changing the title to "I Unseen", on a 1969 UK Fontana single, later included in the 1997 anthology album Before The Dream Faded with their own tune 
Paul Robeson recorded the song as "The Little Dead Girl" with another translation The song was later covered by

Ivo Watts-Russell's supergroup, This Mortal Coil on their 1991 album Blood with vocals of Louise Rutkowski, Deirdre Rutkowski with Tim Freeman and 1983–1991 
The Fall on their 1997 album Levitate, albeit omitting the last verse and wrongly attributing writing credits to anon/J Nagle  "I Come and Stand at Your Door" listed as "Anon/Nagle", which is an interpretation of the song "I Come and Stand at Every Door"  "Jap Kid" is an instrumental version of this track 
Silent Stream Of Godless Elegy, a Moravian folk metal band, on their album Behind the Shadows in 1998 
Faith & Disease on their 1998 album Insularia 
Anne Hills on 1998 album Where Have All The Flowers Gone: The Songs of Peter Seeger 
Ibon Errazkin has an instrumental song with the same title on Esculea de arte 
Styrofoam aka Arne Van Petegem's EP and first US release, RR20, included an instrumental version of the traditional tune of "Great Silkie" with the same title 

Japanese
In 2005, famous Amami Ōshima singer Chitose Hajime collaborated with Ryuichi Sakamoto by translating "Kız Çocuğu" into Japanese, retitling it  Shinda Onna no Ko [死んだ女の子] "A dead girl")  It was performed live at the Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima on the eve of the 60th Anniversary (5 August 2005) of Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki  The song later appeared as a bonus track on Chitose's album Hanadairo in 2006 

Nepali
Some of Nâzım's poems are translated into Nepali by Suman Pokhrel and are published in print and online literary journals 

On the soldier worth 23 cents
How do you propose to get it? Do you want to get it through the cooperation of Turkey where the men in the ranks get 23 cents a month the first year and 32 cents the second year, or do you want to get an American division and equip it and send it over to Turkey which would cost you 10 times as much?
He also opposed the Korean War, in which Turkey participated  After the Senate address of John Foster Dulles, who served as U S  Secretary of State under President Dwight D  Eisenhower, where he valued Turkish soldiers at 23 cents a month compared with the lowest echelon U S  soldiers at $70, Nazım Hikmet Ran wrote a protest poem criticising the policies of the United States  This poem is titled "23 Sentlik Askere Dair" (On the soldier worth 23 cents) 

In popular culture
Nâzım's poem "We'll Give the Globe to the Children" was set to music in 1979 by Russian composer David Tukhmanov 
Tale of Tales is a Russian animated film (1979) partially inspired by Hikmet's poem of the same name 
Finnish band Ultra Bra recorded a song "Lähettäkää minulle kirjoja" ("Send me books")) based on a translated excerpt of Hikmet's poem "Rubai" 
The Ignorant Fairies is a 2001 Italian film, in which a book by Hikmet plays a central plot role 
Mavi Gözlü Dev (Blue Eyed Giant) is a 2007 Turkish biographical film about Nazım Hikmet  The title is a reference to the poem Minnacık Kadın ve Hanımelleri  The film chronicles Nazim Hikmet's imprisonment at Bursa Prison and his relationships with his wife Piraye and his translator and lover Münevver Andaç  He is played by Yetkin Dikinciler 
Hikmet's poem was quoted in the 2012 Korean drama Cheongdam-dong Alice 
The video game Suzerain opens with a quote from Hikmet, and the character Bernard Circas is based on him  The game has elements inspired by modern Turkish history 

Bibliography
Plays
Kafatası (1932, The Skull)
Unutulan Adam (1935, The Forgotten Man)
Ferhad ile Şirin 1965 (Ferhad and Şirin)
Lüküs Hayat (Luxurious Living) (as ghostwriter)

Ballet libretto
Legend of Love (by Arif Malikov) 1961

Novels
Yaşamak Güzel Şey Be Kardeşim (1967, Life's Good, Brother)
Kan Konuşmaz (1965, Blood Doesn't Tell)

Poems
"Taranta-Babu'ya Mektuplar" (1935, "Letters to Taranta-Babu")
"Simavne Kadısı Oğlu Şeyh Bedreddin Destanı" (1936, "The Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin")
"Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları" (1966–67, "Human Landscapes from My Country")
"Kurtuluş Savaşı Destanı" (1965, "The Epic of the War of Independence")

Poetry
İlk şiirler / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : Yapı Kredi, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0380-9
835 satır / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0373-6
Benerci kendini niçin öldürdü? / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0374-4
Kuvâyi Milliye / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0375-2
Yatar Bursa Kalesinde / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0376-0
Memleketimden insan manzaraları : (insan manzaraları) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0377-9
Yeni şiirler : (1951–1959) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0378-7
on şiirleri : (1959–1963) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0379-5

Partial list of translated works in English
Selected Poems / Nâzim Hikmet; done into English by Taner Baybars  London, Cape Editions, 1967 
The Moscow Symphony and Other Poems / translated into English by Taner Baybars  Chicago: Swallow Press, 1971 
The day before tomorrow : poems / translated into English by Taner Baybars  South Hinksey, England : Carcanet Press, 1972  ISBN 0-902145-43-6
That Wall / Nâzım Hikmet; illustrations [by] Maureen Scott, London: League of Socialist Artists, 1973  ISBN 0-9502976-2-3
Things I didn't know I loved: selected poems / Nâzim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing & Mutlu Konuk  New York : Persea Books, 1975  ISBN 0-89255-000-7
Human Landscapes / by Nazim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk ; foreword by Denise Levertov, New York : Persea Books, c1982  ISBN 0-89255-068-6
Selected poetry / Nazim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk, New York : Persea Books, c1986  ISBN 0-89255-101-1
Poems of Nazim Hikmet, trans  Randy Blasing & Mutlu Konuk  New York: Persea Books, 1994 (revised 2nd ed , 2002) 
Beyond the walls: selected poems / Nâzim Hikmet; translated by Ruth Christie, Richard McKane, Talât Sait Halman; introduction by Talât Sait Halman, London: Anvil Press Poetry, 2002  ISBN 0-85646-329-9
Life's Good, Brother / Nâzım Hikmet; translated by Mutlu Konuk Blasing, New York: W  W  Norton & Company, 2013  ISBN 978-0892554188

Partial list of translated works in other languages
Poesie / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Newton Compton, 2010  ISBN 978-88-541-2027-3
La conga con Fidel / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Fahrenheit 451, 2005  ISBN 978-88-86095-89-1
Il nuvolo innamorato e altre fiabe / Nâzım Hikmet, Giampiero Bellingeri (Trans ),  F  Negrin (Illustrator), Mondadori, 2003  ISBN 978-8804524892
De mooiste van Hikmet / Nâzım Hikmet, Koen Stassijns & Ivo van Strijtem (ed ), Perihan Eydemir & Joris Iven (Trans ), Lannoo | Atlas, 2003  ISBN 90-209-5266-8
Poesie d'amore / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Mondadori, 2002  ISBN 978-88-04-50091-9
Il neige dans la nuit et autres poèmes / Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans ), Güzin Dino (Trans ), Gallimard, 1999  ISBN 978-20-70329-63-2
Preso na Fortaleza de Bursa/Yatar Bursa Kalesinde, Leonardo da Fonseca (Trans ), In  (n t ) Revista Literária em Tradução nº 1 (set/2010), Fpolis/Brasil, ISSN 2177-5141
Vita del poeta / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Cattedrale, 2008  ISBN 978-88-95449-15-9
Paesaggi umani / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Fahrenheit 451, 1992  ISBN 978-88-86095-00-6
Gran bella cosa è vivere, miei cari / Nâzım Hikmet, F  Beltrami (Trans ), Mondadori, 2010  ISBN 978-88-04603-22-1
Poesie d'amore e di lotta / Nâzım Hikmet, G  Bellingeri (Editor), F  Beltrami (Trans ), F  Boraldo (Trans ), Mondadori, 2013  ISBN 978-88-04-62713-5
Les Romantiques (La vie est belle, mon vieux) / Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans ), Temps Actuels, 1982  ISBN 978-22-01015-75-5
La Joconde et Si-Ya-Ou / Nâzım Hikmet, Abidine Dino (Trans ), Parangon, 2004  ISBN 978-28-41901-14-2
Pourquoi Benerdji s'est-il suicidé? / Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans ), Aden Editions, 2005  ISBN 978-29-30402-12-3
Le nuage amoureux / Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans ), Gallimard Jeunesse Giboulées, 2013  ISBN 978-20-70648-89-4
Últimos poemas I (1959–1960–1961) / Nâzım Hikmet, Fernando García Burillo (Trans ), Ediciones Del Oriente Y Del Mediterráneo S L , 2000  ISBN 978-84-87198-60-1
Últimos poemas II (1962–1963): Poemas finales / Nâzım Hikmet, Fernando García Burillo (Trans ), Ediciones Del Oriente Y Del Mediterráneo S L , 2005  ISBN 978-84-87198-75-5
Poezje wybrane / Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans ), Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza, 1981  ISBN 978-83-20533-75-0
Romantyczność / Nâzım Hikmet, Aleksander Olecki (Trans ), Książka i Wiedza, 1965 
Allem-kallem: baśnie tureckie / Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans ), Elżbieta Gaudasińska (Trans ), Nasza Księgarnia, 1985  ISBN 831008515X
Zakochany obłok: baśń turecka / Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans ), Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1987  ISBN 978-83-03016-35-5
 나쥠 히크메트 시선집 [Selected Poems of Nâzım Hikmet / Nâzım Hikmet] (in Korean (North Korea))  Translated by Paik, Sok; Chon, Chang-shik; Kim, Byong-wook  Pyongyang: National Press  Pyongyang  1956 
Legenda o miłości  Opowieść o Turcji / Nâzım Hikmet, Ewa Fiszer (Trans ), Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1954
Many of Hikmet's poems are translated into Nepali by Suman Pokhrel, and some are collected in an anthology tilled Manpareka Kehi Kavita 

See also
Abidin Dino
Orhan Kemal
Zülfü Livaneli
Fazıl Say
Behçet Necatigil
Passage 7:
Mehmed Ali Pasha (marshal)
Mehmed Ali Pasha (November 18, 1827 – September 7, 1878) was a Prussian-born Ottoman career officer and marshal  He was the grandfather of the Turkish statesman Ali Fuat Cebesoy, and the great-grandfather of famous poets Nâzım Hikmet and Oktay Rıfat Horozcu and the socialist activist, lawyer, and athlete Mehmet Ali Aybar 

Biography
Mehmed Ali was born as Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit (also known as Carl Detroy) in Magdeburg, Prussia  His parents were Carl Friedrich Detroit and Henriette Jeanette Severin  The French family name points to Huguenot ancestry, as a descendant of Protestant refugees from France in the 16th or 17th century  During his teenage years in 1843 he ran away to sea, and traveled to the Ottoman Empire, where he converted to Islam and was circumcised  There, in 1846, Âli Pasha, later Grand Vizier, sent him to a military school  He received a commission in the Ottoman Army in 1853 and fought against Russia in the Crimean War  He was made a brigadier general and Pasha in 1865 

In the 1877–1878 war against Russia, Mehmed Ali led the Turkish army in Bulgaria  He was successful in his operations on the Lom river (August–September 1877), but was afterward forced back by his opponents  He failed to effect a junction with Süleyman Hüsnü Pasha, and was superseded by the latter  Later in 1878 he was a participant at the Congress of Berlin 

Death
In August 1878, the Ottoman government selected him to overview the process of the cession of the Plav-Gucia region to Montenegro in compliance to the decisions of the Congress of Berlin  Mehmed Ali Pasha's first task was the pacification of the Albanian League of Prizren, which opposed the border change as part of the areas (Plav-Gucia/Plav-Gusinje) were inhabited by ethnic Albanians  He arrived in Kosovo in late August, attempting to make local Albanians comply with the Berlin Treaty but was blocked from any further movement towards the Ottoman-Montenegrin border by the local committees of the Albanian League  Stationed in Abdullah Pasha Dreni's estate in Gjakova with several Ottoman battalions he was killed on September 6 after a seven-day battle with several thousand Albanians opposing cession of Albanian inhabited lands to European powers 

Sources


== Family tree ==



ground_truth: green and yellow

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What do Lavinia Greenlaw and Nâzım Hikmet have in common?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:   Last season, after defeating the Cougars 37-35, the Pirates went on to finish with an 8-5 record including a win against #24 Boise State in the 2007 Hawaii Bowl   The Pirates led the series between the Cougars 8-5   The game was broadcast on the CBS College Sports Network, and was played at East Carolina's Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium   After beating the #17 Virginia Tech Hokies during their 2008 season opener, the Pirates gained national attention   This continued in their next week of play, as they defeated the #8 West Virginia Mountaineers 24-3, and became ranked by the AP Poll as #14   Despite an upset by the North Carolina State Wolfpack the week before, the Pirates were ranked at #23 by the AP Poll when the Cougars arrived in Greenville   Despite predictions that ECU would win the game, the Cougars managed an upset with a large margin of victory   This was the Cougars' first win over a ranked team since 1996, and the first against a ranked team in a road game since 1984 

UAB
The third home game was the seventh meeting between the Cougars and the UAB Blazers   With the most recent game between the two teams being last season, the Blazers led the series 4-2  However, the team was defeated by the Cougars, and finished their 2007 season with a 2-10 record, the worst in the school's history   This followed the departure of Watson Brown to the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles, and the appointment of former Georgia Bulldogs and Houston Cougars assistant Neil Callaway as head coach   The game was televised by the CBS College Sports Network 

SMU
Former Southwest Conference and current Conference USA members, the SMU Mustangs faced the Cougars in their twenty-fourth meeting   The first game between the two teams took place during the 1975 season when Houston joined the Southwest Conference, and the teams have regularly played each other since   The Cougars led the series 13-9-1, including a 38-28 win against the Mustangs last season   This season, June Jones, former Hawaii Warriors head coach took the same position at SMU   At Hawaii, Jones had gained national attention after the Warriors went undefeated, and were invited to the 2008 Sugar Bowl   After the win, the Cougars moved up in the Conference USA standings to tie for first with an undefeated Tulsa in their division 

Marshall
The Marshall Thundering Herd played the Cougars for the second time in history during this season   Their last game against each other was played during the 2007 season, where the Thundering Herd was defeated 35-28 in Houston at Robertson Stadium   This time, Marshall played Houston at home, and won   This marked the first loss for the Cougars in conference play, and dropped them down in conference standings from 1st to 3rd (after Tulsa and Rice)  ESPN broadcast the game  Houston wide receiver Patrick Edwards suffered a gruesome broken leg when he collided with an equipment cart at the back of the end zone, though he would return the next season in a starting role 

Tulane
In another conference game, the Tulane Green Wave traveled to Houston to play the Cougars for the fourteenth time   Playing their first game together in 1968, the Cougars led the series 9-4   The teams had competed against each other each consecutive season since 2002, although Tulane hadn't achieved a win against Houston since that same year   Tulane's head coach Bob Toledo returned for his second year with the Green Wave   Although not originally scheduled, the game was televised on CBS College Sports, presumably because Houston's TV appearance against Air Force earlier in the season was canceled   This marked Houston's homecoming game, and was one of the largest attendances for the regular season at Robertson Stadium 

Tulsa
The Tulsa Golden Hurricane and Houston Cougars faced-off for their thirty-third all-time meeting   Playing together since 1950, Houston had a 17-16 advantage over the Golden Hurricane   In their 2007 season meeting, new coach Todd Graham led the Golden Hurricane to a 56-7 win over the Cougars   It was the Cougars' largest margin of defeat for the season   Tulsa went on to a 10-4 record in the previous season including a 63-7 GMAC Bowl game win against the Bowling Green Falcons   The team held the record for scoring the largest margin in bowl game history   The win was considered an upset by the nation, as Tulsa was ranked as #24 in the Coaches' Poll and #25 in the AP Poll   This marked the second time that the Cougars had beaten a nationally ranked opponent in the season (the other being East Carolina); something Houston hadn't done since its 1984 season under College Football Hall of Fame coach Bill Yeoman After the win, the Cougars were again ranked as first in conference play as Tulsa (5-1) had beaten Rice (5-1), and Houston (5-1) had beaten Tulsa   This made Houston's other two regular season games on the schedule much more significant because if they won both games from this point, they would be allowed to compete in and host the Conference USA Football Championship 

UTEP
Although meeting for the first time during the Cougars' inaugural season in 1946, the UTEP Miners had only met with the Cougars five times in history   As Conference USA foes, the Cougars held a 2-3 all-time record against the Miners, whereas both wins came consecutively during the 2006 and 2007 meetings of the teams   Mike Price returned as the Miners' head coach this season   After a close game, where Houston lagged behind, the Cougars made a fourth quarter comeback to win the game 

Rice
In the 2008 Bayou Bucket Classic, the Cougars will meet with Rice at Rice Stadium as part of the Houston-Rice rivalry   It will be the 33rd meeting between the two teams, where Houston leads the series 24-9 and have won the last three meetings   During this season, the outcome of the game will have significant influence for the Conference USA West Division title   While Houston remains first in the division, a loss to Rice, and a win for Tulsa (9-2) against Marshall (4-7) would mean Tulsa, not Houston would be headed to compete against the East Division champion East Carolina in the Conference USA Football Championship   If Rice wins its game against the Cougars, and Marshall wins its game against the Golden Hurricane, then Rice would be the West Division champion   The game was picked up by CBS College Sports after Houston's 70-30 blowout victory against Tulsa 

Armed Forces Bowl
With seven regular season wins, the Cougars secured bowl eligibility   On December 7, 2008, the Houston Cougars announced that they had been selected to play in the 2008 Armed Forces Bowl game against Air Force in Fort Worth, Texas   This marked the Cougars' fourth consecutive bowl game invitation, and the fifth in six years   The game was a rematch, as the Falcons and the Cougars faced off earlier during the regular season, where the Cougars were defeated   This was the second time in history the Cougars had played a bowl game in Fort Worth; in 2005 the team appeared in the Fort Worth Bowl 
The Cougars defeated the Falcons to win their first bowl game since 1980, and broke the longest current bowl game losing streak in Division I FBS football at that time   The score was 34-28   The game was televised on ESPN 
Passage 4:
2011 Washington Huskies football team
The 2011 Washington Huskies football team represented the University of Washington in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season  The team was coached by third year head coach Steve Sarkisian  They played six of their home games at Husky Stadium and their final home game at CenturyLink Field due to a planned renovation of Husky Stadium; both stadiums are in Seattle  They are a member of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference  They finished the season 7–6, 5–4 in Pac-12 play to finish in third place in the North division  They were invited to the Alamo Bowl where they were defeated by Baylor 67–56 

Schedule
Roster and coaching staff
Game Starters
The follow players were the game starters 
% – started as second/third tight end       + – started as third/fourth wide receiver

^ – started as fifth defensive back

Game summaries
Eastern Washington
Washington Husky cornerback Desmond Trufant intercepted a pass by Eastern Washington Eagles' quarterback Bo Levi Mitchell in the end zone with 29 seconds left to preserve a 30–27 win on September 3  Trufant wrestled the pass away from 6-foot-5 Eagles receiver Brandon Kaufman  Mitchell passed for 473 yards on the night, completed 39 of 69 passes, and had 3 touchdowns against 2 interceptions  For Washington, quarterback Keith Price threw three touchdown passes and completed 17 of 25 passes for 102 yards, and running back Chris Polk ran for 125 yards on 23 carries  Washington gained fewer total yards than Eastern Washington – 250 yards compared to 504 for the Eagles – but had zero turnovers while the Eagles gave up the ball four times  Trufant had forced another one of those turnovers during the first quarter; he stripped Matt Johnson on a punt return and created a short field for the Huskies that led to a 7-yard touchdown pass from Price to Jonathan Amosa After the game, the Pac-12 Conference named Trufant Pac-12 defensive player of week  Washington placekicker Erik Folk was named Pac-12 special teams player of the week  Polk was a perfect 3-for-3 on field goals during the game and all three of his field goals came from outside of 40 yards 

Hawaii
Nebraska
California
Utah
Colorado
Stanford
Arizona
Oregon
USC
Oregon State
Washington State
Keith Price threw three touchdown passes to become Washington's all-time single-season leader in that category, the final one a 22-yard toss to Chris Polk, and Washington held off rival Washington State 38–21 on Saturday night to win the 104th Apple Cup  Price threw his 29th touchdown pass of the season midway through the third quarter, finding Polk on a wheel-route out of the backfield to give the Huskies a 28–14 lead 
Washington State pulled within 28–21, but Erik Folk's 46-yard field goal early in the fourth quarter pushed the lead to 10 and Polk sealed the Huskies third straight Apple Cup title on his 1-yard TD run with 5:23 left 
Price, who sat out last week's loss at Oregon State due to a multitude of injuries, finished 21 of 29 for 291 yards  Washington also got a blocked punt that Jesse Callier returned 2 yards for a touchdown in the first quarter The Cougars fired head coach Paul Wulff the following week 

Baylor (Alamo Bowl)
Entering their first game in the Alamo Bowl, the Huskies has a 16–14–1 overall bowl game record, going back to their first game in the 1924 Rose Bowl  The Huskies set new school record during the season in passing touchdowns (32) and in fewest fumbles (11) 

Rankings
Passage 5:
2009 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The 2009 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University as a member of the Big 12 Conference during the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season  The team was led by tenth-year head coach Mike Leach during the regular season and, following Leach’s dismissal, interim head coach Ruffin McNeill for the bowl game  The Red Raiders compiled an overall record of 9–4 with a mrk of 5–3 in conference play, tying for third place in the Big 12's South Division  Texas Tech was invited to the Alamo Bowl, where they defeated Michigan State, 41–31  The Red Raiders played home games at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas 
On December 28, Leach was suspended by Texas Tech pending investigation of alleged inappropriate treatment of Adam James, a redshirt sophomore wide receiver, and the son of former SMU Mustangs and New England Patriots running back Craig James  The suspension came after allegations that Leach treated James unfairly following a mild concussion  Leach was terminated by the university on December 30  Ruffin McNeill, the team's defensive coordinator, was named interim head coach and led the team during their appearance in the Alamo Bowl 

Previous season
With an 11–1 record in the regular season during 2008, the Red Raiders finished in a three-way tie with the Oklahoma Sooners and Texas Longhorns atop the Big 12 South  In order to break the tie, BCS standings were used to determine who would face Missouri in the conference championship game  The Sooners, ranked #2 in the BCS polls at the time, were chosen to represent the South Division in the game  The Red Raiders were selected to the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing 34–47 to Ole Miss  The 2008 team finished with an overall record of 11–2 and were ranked no  12 in the final AP Poll 

Personnel
Coaching staff
Mike Leach – Head coach/offensive coordinator
Ruffin McNeill – Assistant head coach/defensive coordinator
Carlos Mainord – Safeties
Clay McGuire – Running backs
Brian Mitchell – Cornerbacks
Matt Moore – Offensive line
Lincoln Riley – Inside receivers
Eric Russell – Special teams Coordinator
Charlie Sadler – Defensive ends
Dennis Simmons – Wide receivers
Sonny Cumbie – Offensive graduate assistantSource:

Roster
Schedule
Game summaries
North Dakota
This game marked the first time the North Dakota Fight Sioux faced the Red Raiders on the football field making North Dakota the 127th different opponent the Red Raiders have faced  The Red Raiders won the coin toss and elected to receive the opening kick off The opening drive ultimately ended in a touchdown and covered 64 yards in 7 plays, lasting 3:18  Barron Batch rushed three yards for the first touchdown and was followed by a successful extra point attempt by Matt Williams  The Red Raiders would go on to score one more touchdown with successful PAT in the first quarter  The Fighting Sioux scored a field goal with six seconds left in the first quarter bringing the final score for the first quarter to 14–3 The second quarter saw the longest touchdown reception of the game with a 49-yard pass by Taylor Potts to Detron Lewis, followed by a successful PAT by Matt Williams  The Fighting Sioux went on to kick a 52-yard field goal with 1:28 left in the half  The final score at the half was 21–6 The third quarter saw only one score with the Red Raider's quarterback Taylor Potts rushing 1 yard for a touchdown followed by a successful PAT  At the end of the third quarter the score was 28–6 The Fighting Sioux scored their only touchdown and successful PAT 3:09 into the final quarter  The Red Raiders scored twice in the fourth quarter with a 32-yard field goal by Matt Williams and later an 18-yard touchdown pass by Taylor Potts to Adam Jones  Matt Williams successfully kicked the last PAT of the game bringing the score to 38–13 During the game, the Red Raiders rushed for 40 yards  Taylor Potts attempted 48 passes, completing 34 for a total of 405 passing yards  Potts was also intercepted 3 times and scored 2 touchdowns  The team accrued 11 penalties for 93 yards 

Rice
This game was the first time the Rice Owls played Texas Tech Red Raiders at home since 1995  The Owls won the coin toss and elected to defer until the second half The Red Raiders shut the Owls out in the first quarter and scored two touchdowns  The first score came 6:13 into the game by way of a 5-yard touchdown pass from Taylor Potts to Edward Britton  Matt Williams successfully kicked the PAT  The next touchdown for the Red Raiders would come with only 1:18 left in the first quarter, when Taylor Potts threw a 7-yard pass to Lyle Leong  The extra point attempt was good  At the end of the quarter the score was 14–0 The second quarter saw no scores by the Red Raiders  The Owls scored a field goal 3:33 into the quarter  The score at the half was 14–3 The third quarter proved to be more fruitful for the Red Raiders, were they once again shut out the Owls  The Red Raiders scored three touchdowns with successful PATs all within the last nine minutes of the quarter  The first came with 8:51 left in quarter when Taylor Potts threw an 8-yard pass to Lyle Leong  The next touchdown came a little over two minutes later with an 11-yard touchdown reception by Austin Zouzalik from Taylor Potts  The last touchdown was scored with 2:34 left in the quarter by Taylor Potts and Lyle Leon when Potts threw a 27-yard pass to Leon  At the end of the quarter the score was 35–3 Steven Sheffield, the Red Raiders backup quarterback, made his season debut when he came in for Taylor Potts during the final quarter after two touchdowns by the Red Raiders and a field goal by the Owls  The first Red Raider touchdown came only nine seconds into the quarter with a 34-yard touchdown reception by Eric Stephens from Taylor Potts  Matt Williams failed to convert the extra point kick  The Owls scored their only touchdown with 11:02 left on the clock  Taylor Potts last touchdown of the game came by way of a 30-yard pass to Tramain Swindall with 9:10 left in the game  The extra point attempt was good  The Red Raiders final score, and Steven Sheffield's first for the season came with 4:33 left in the game when Sheffield threw a 26-yard pass to Tramain Swindall  The PAT was converted by Matt Williams  The final score for the game was 55–10 The Texas Tech Red Raiders rushed for 52 yards and passed for 508 yards  Taylor Potts attempted 57 passes, completing 36 for 456 yards  Steven Sheffield completed 4 out of 6 passes for 52 yards  Potts threw seven touchdown passes to Sheffield's one  Neither Potts nor Sheffield threw an interception The Owls rushed for 60 yards, passed for 197 yards, and scored 1 touchdown 

At Texas
The Texas Tech Red Raiders competed against the Texas Longhorns at Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium on September 9, 2009  For the second year in a row the matchup was highlighted on ESPN's GameDay The series between Texas Tech and Texas originated in Austin in 1928 and the two teams have met annually since 1960  Before the game, Texas led the series 43–15–0  The Red Raider's victory in the 2008 season was only the second time in the last 10 meetings The Texas Tech Red Raiders received the opening kick off and returned it 28 yards  The Red Raiders opening driving ended with a 41-yard field goal by Matt Williams  On their second drive the Longhorns scored by returning a Red Raider punt 46 yards for a touchdown  The score at the end of the first quarter was 3–7 The Red Raiders did not score in the second quarter, and would hold the Longhorns to only a field goal  At the half the score was 3–10 The third quarter saw two touchdowns by both the Red Raiders and the Longhorns  The Longhorns scored a touchdown and successful PAT, on their opening drive of the second half  On the next possession the Red Raiders answered the Longhorns score with a touchdown and successful PAT of their own  The Red Raiders first touchdown of the game came by way of a 14-yard pass to Lyle Leong by Taylor Potts and the PAT was kicked by Matt Williams  After an unsuccessful on-side kick by the Red Raiders, Texas's next drive would end with a touchdown and PAT  The Red Raiders next drive proved as fruitful as their previous ending with a 10-yard touchdown pass by Potts to Leong  The final score at the end of the quarter was 17–24 The Red Raider's first two possessions of the fourth quarters ended in a turnovers  The second of which resulted in a Longhorn touchdown, their last of the game  The Red Raiders last score came on their next possession by way of a 22-yard touchdown reception by Tramain Swindall from Taylor Potts  The Longhorns would score the final points of the game with a field goal  The final score of the game was 24–34 The Longhorns rushed for 135 yards and the Longhorns' Colt McCoy attempted 34 passes completing 24 for 205 yards and was intercepted twice  The Red Raiders rushed for -6 yards and fumbled the ball once  Taylor Potts completed 46 passes out of an attempted 62 for a total of 420 yards  Potts was intercepted once 

At Houston
The Texas Tech Red Raiders faced the Houston Cougars at Robertson Stadium in Houston Texas on September 26  This non-conference game was the 28th time the two teams meet, however this was the first time the Red Raiders have played at Robertson Stadium  The Red Raiders ultimately lost the game with a final score of 28–29, dropping their record to 2–2 

New Mexico
The Red Raiders competed against the New Mexico Lobos at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas, on October 3, 2009  Going into the game, the Red Raiders led the series with a record of 32–6–2  This was the first meeting of the two teams since 2004  The Red Raiders beat the Lobos with a final score of 48–28  Taylor Potts led the Raiders to a score on their first possession of the game, but he left the game with an injury in the second quarter, and Steven Sheffield came in late in the second quarter  Sheffield's 25-yard touchdown pass to Alexander Torres gave the Raiders a 14-7 halftime lead 
Sheffield threw two third-quarter touchdown passes, including a 62-yard catch and run by Harrison Jeffers, as the Raiders extended their lead to 35-7  Jeffers added two more touchdown runs in the fourth quarter to finish the scoring in Tech's 48-28 win 

Kansas State
The Red Raiders took on the Kansas State Wildcats at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas, on October 10, 2009  This homecoming game was the 11th meeting of the two teams  The Red Raiders had won the previous four games against the Wildcats and had a record of 5–1 at home against the team prior to this game  The game was regionally televised on FSN  The Red Raiders beat the Wildcats with a final score of 66–14  Tech's 66 points were the most ever scored on a team coached by Bill Snyder 

At Nebraska
The Red Raiders took on the No  15 Nebraska Cornhuskers at the Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska on October 17, 2009  Before a crowd of more than 86,000, the Raiders jumped out in front early on a touchdown pass from Sheffield to Baron Batch 
Tech's defense then made the biggest play of the game, with defensive end Daniel Howard picking up a fumbled lateral pass and returning it 82 yards for a touchdown and a 14-0 Red Raider lead  The Raiders were up 24-3 as the defense kept Nebraska's offense in check 
The Red Raider offense was stalled in the second half, but Tech's defense continued to make big plays to keep the Huskers from making a comeback  Defensive end Brandon Sharpe had four of Tech's five sacks, and Sheffield scored on a quarterback sneak to put Tech up by three touchdowns late in the game 
With the win, the Raiders improved to 5-2 and appeared in the AP top 25 for the first and only time during the 2009 regular season at No  21 in the nation 

Texas A&M
The Red Raiders competed against the Texas A&M Aggies at the Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas on October 24, 2009  Tech scored first on a 56-yard touchdown pass from Taylor Potts to Alexander Torres, and Potts hooked up with Edward Britton for another touchdown to give Tech a 14-7 lead late in the first quarter   The Aggies then went on to score 31 straight points in the second and third quarters to pull away 
Attendance for the game was 57,733  It was the largest crowd at football game at Jones AT&T Stadium, beating the previous record of 56,333, set on November 1, 2008 in the game against Texas 

Kansas
The Red Raiders faced the Kansas Jayhawks at the Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas on October 31, 2009  Redshirt freshman quarterback Seth Doege got his first NCAA start because of injuries to Taylor Potts and Steven Sheffield  The Raiders didn't get on the scoreboard until the second quarter, when Doege hit Detron Lewis on a 61-yard touchdown bomb to tie the game at 7-7  Later in the second quarter, Colby Whitlock sacked Todd Reesing and forced a fumble deep in Kansas territory, which the Raiders recovered  Baron Batch scored on a 2-yard run, and the two teams went into halftime tied 14-14 
The Jayhawks took a 21-14 lead into the fourth quarter, but the Raiders put up four touchdowns to pull away  Batch scored three touchdowns on the ground, and Laron Moore added a score on a fumble recovery 

At Oklahoma State
Oklahoma
Tech came into the home game against Oklahoma seeking revenge for the 65-21 rout that the Raiders suffered in the 2008 match-up against the Sooners  The game saw a low-scoring first quarter, with Tech going up 3-0 on their first possession  Taylor Potts put Tech in position to score with passes to Lyle Leong, Edward Britton and Baron Batch to set up Matt Williams' 33-yard field goal 
The game was tied 3-3 after the first quarter, but the Raiders' offense got on track with two second-quarter touchdowns  Batch scored on a 1-yard touchdown run, set up by a 65-yard pass from Potts to Torres  Tech's defense forced a quick OU punt, and Potts then hooked up with Zouzalik on a 21-yard touchdown pass to give the Raiders a 17-6 halftime lead 
Tech's defense shut down the Sooners on Oklahoma's opening possession of the second half, and the Raiders quickly marched 91 yards for another touchdown, with Potts hitting Torres on a 24-yard scoring pass for a 24-6 lead 
Tech cornerback Laron Moore intercepted an Oklahoma pass on the Sooners' next possession, but the Raiders could not push the ball in for a touchdown, settling for a 37-yard field goal from Williams 
On Tech's next possession, the Raiders mounted an 18-play drive that chewed up more than seven minutes before scoring on a 21-yard run by Batch  Oklahoma finally scored their only touchdown on a pass from Landry Jones to Ryan Broyles, but the Raiders added a final touchdown on a 4-yard run by Eric Stephens 

Vs  Baylor
Vs  Michigan State (Valero Alamo Bowl)
Rankings
Passage 6:
2010 Baylor Bears football team
The 2010 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season  The team was coached by Art Briles and played their home games at Floyd Casey Stadium in Waco, Texas  They are members of the Big 12 Conference in the South Division  They finished the season 7–6, 4–4 in Big 12 play and were invited to the Texas Bowl, their first bowl appearance since 1994, where they were defeated by Illinois 14–38   This season featured BU's first win over the University of Texas since 1997, and the first in Austin since 1991 (12 straight losses, the most recent 11 losses all by at least 21 points) 

Schedule
Rankings
Passage 7:
2011 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
The 2011 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University as a member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season  Led by first-year head coach Dave Doeren, the Huskies compiled an overall record of 11–3 with a mark of 7–1 in conference play, sharing the MAC West Division title with Toledo  By virtue of their head-to-head win over Toledo, Northern Illinois advance to the MAC Championship Game, where the defeated Ohio to win the program's second MAC title  The Huskies were invited to the GoDaddy com Bowl, where they beat Arkansas State  The was season fourth consecutive in which Northern Illinois made a trip to a bowl game  The team played home games at Huskie Stadium in DeKalb, Illinois 

Schedule
Game summaries
Army
Kansas
Wisconsin
Cal Poly
Central Michigan
Kent State
Western Michigan
Buffalo
Toledo
Bowling Green
Ball State
Eastern Michigan
Ohio (2011 MAC Championship Game)
Arkansas State (2012 GoDaddy com Bowl)
Statistics
Points by quarter
Passage 8:
2014 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
The 2014 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University as a member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season  Led by second-year head coach Rod Carey, the Huskies compiled an overall record of 11–3 with a mark of 7–1 in conference play, sharing the MAC West Division title with Toledo  By virtue of their head-to-head win over Toledo, Northern Illinois advanced to the MAC Championship Game, where they defeated Bowling Green to win the program's fifth MAC championship  The Huskies  were invited to the Boca Raton Bowl, where they lost to Conference USA champion Marshall  The team played home games at Huskie Stadium in DeKalb, Illinois 
Northern Illinois loss to Central Michigan on October 11 snapped a 26-game home winning streak dating back to the 2009 season  The season marked the Huskies' seventh consecutive trip to a bowl game and their third consecutive bowl game loss 

Schedule
Passage 9:
2012 Washington Huskies football team
The 2012 Washington Huskies football team represented the University of Washington in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season  The team, coached by fourth-year head coach Steve Sarkisian, was a member of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference  The Huskies played their home games at CenturyLink Field in Seattle due to renovations at their normal on-campus home of Husky Stadium, also in Seattle  They finished the season 7–6, 5–4 in Pac-12 play to finish in fourth place in the North Division  They were invited to the Maaco Bowl Las Vegas where they were defeated by Boise State 

Offseason
Following the Alamo Bowl coach Sarkisian fired nearly all of his defensive coaches, deciding to retain only defensive line coach/special teams coordinator Johnny Nansen  Shortly thereafter, offensive coordinator Doug Nussmeier left the program to accept a similar position at Alabama  Sarkisian filled his defensive staff with Justin Wilcox as defensive coordinator, Peter Sirmon as linebackers coach, Tosh Lupoi as defensive line coach, and Keith Heyward as defensive backs coach  He filled the open offensive coordinator position with former Cal assistant Eric Kiesau  Junior offensive lineman Colin Porter, who had started 19 games in two seasons, was forced to retire from football due to degenerative arthritis in both of his shoulders 

Schedule
Rankings
Weekly Starters
The following players were the weekly offensive and defensive game starters 

Roster and coaching staff
Game summaries
San Diego State
LSU
Portland State
Stanford
1st quarter scoring: STAN – Jordan Williamson 31-yard field goal; WASH – Travis Coons 43-yard field goal
2nd quarter scoring:  STAN – Williamson 28-yard field goal
3rd quarter scoring:  STAN – Trent Murphy 40-yard interception return (Williamson kick); WASH – Bishop Sankey 61-yard run (Coons kick)
4th quarter scoring: WASH – Kasen Williams 35-yard pass from Keith Price (Coons kick)

Oregon
USC
Arizona
Oregon State
California
Utah
Colorado
Washington State
This was the Huskies' last loss to the Cougars until 2021 

Boise State–Maaco Bowl Las Vegas
Notes
September 4, 2012 – Jesse Callier out of the season due to a torn right knee anterior cruciate ligament; Ben Riva had a fractured forearm 
Passage 10:
2010 Washington Huskies football team
The 2010 Washington Huskies football team represented the University of Washington in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season  Led by second-year head coach Steve Sarkisian, the Huskies played their home games on campus at Husky Stadium in Seattle and were members of the Pacific-10 Conference 
Washington compiled a 6–6 record in the regular season (5–4 in Pac-10, tied for third), and were invited to their first bowl game in eight years  At the Holiday Bowl in San Diego, they upset favored Nebraska 19–7 to finish on a four-game winning streak at 7–6 

Preseason
Quarterback Jake Locker, a Heisman hopeful, decided to return to Washington in 2010 as a fifth-year senior  In 2009, he passed for 2,800 yards and 21 touchdowns  Had Locker decided to enter the 2010 NFL draft after his junior year, many draft analysts predicted he would have been a top five pick 
Sophomore running back Chris Polk was primed for another 1,000-yard rushing season  In 2009, Polk had 1,113 yards, averaging 4 9 yards per carry, and scored five touchdowns  Polk surpassed 100 yards rushing in four of the final five games of the season, just missing in the season finale against California (94 yards) 

Schedule
Game summaries
BYU
Syracuse
Nebraska
This will be the 8th time these teams have met for non-conference play, with the series currently tied at 3-3-1   Nebraska owns the overall scoring edge at 146-109, and also the last victory, a 55-7 triumph in front of a sold-out home stadium crowd in 1998   This is the start of a home and home series with the Huskies visiting Nebraska next year at Memorial Stadium 

USC
Washington upset 18th-ranked USC for the second consecutive season, winning at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on a last-second 30-yard field goal 
Erik Folk, who hit the game-winning field goal, was named Pac-10 special teams player of the week  He went 4-for-4 field goals and two PAT attempts  Folk kicked a 22-yarder to defeat the Trojans 16-13 the previous season 

Arizona State
Oregon State
Jake Locker threw a career-high five touchdown passes, two in overtime to Jermaine Kearse, and the Huskies stopped the Beavers 2-point conversion in double overtime to keep their bowl hopes alive 
Chris Polk ran for 105 yards on 25 carries for the Huskies 
Beavers running back Jacquizz Rodgers ran for 140 yards on 32 carries and three touchdowns  He also caught four passes for 49 yards and a 10-yard TD catch in the first overtime  The Beavers were playing their first game since Rodgers' brother, James, was lost for the season because of a serious knee injury 
The game came down to the Beavers final possession in the second overtime   On 4th down from the UW 4-yard line, Beaver quarterback Ryan Katz's pass for John Reese fell to the turf in the end zone  The Huskies stormed the field, only then to realize a late flag from back judge Johnny Jenkins was for pass interference against the Huskies' Desmond Trufant 
Jacquizz Rodgers then scored from the 2 on the next play to pull Oregon State to 35-34  Beavers coach Mike Riley called timeout and decided to go for two  But Katz's throw fell out of Joe Halahuni's hands as he was hit by linebacker Cort Dennison and Washington's celebration was on again 
Washington snapped a six-game losing streak to the Beavers 

Arizona
Stanford
Oregon
UCLA
California
Washington scored from the one-yard line without time left in the regulation to defeat Cal and took the Golden Bears out of a bowl game  Chris Polk ran the ball in  Giorgio Tavecchio kicked two field goals for Cal, 53 yards and 47 yards 
For Washington, D'Andre Goodwin scored on an 80-yard pass from Jake Locker and Erik Folk kicked a 37-yard field goal  Cal scored a touchdown in the third quarter when Cameron Jordan took a fumble into the end zone for 21 yards 

Washington State
Chris Polk rushed 29 times for a career-high 284 yards and two touchdowns   The win gave the Huskies a 6-6 record on the season, sending Washington to a bowl game for the first time since the 2002 Sun Bowl 

Nebraska (Holiday Bowl)
This was the second time this season that the Huskies played Nebraska, with the first meeting ending in a 56-21 win for the Cornhuskers  Washington shocked Nebraska despite a poor game from Jake Locker 

Rankings
Roster
Game starters
The follow players were the game starters 
% - started as third or fourth wide receiver ^ - started as second tight end

Awards and honors
October 4 - Erik Folk, who hit a 32-yard game-winning field goal to beat the 18th-ranked Trojans, was named Pac-10 Special Teams player of the week 
December 1 - Linebacker Mason Foster, the Pac-10 conference's leading tackler, was named a first-team all-American by Scout com
December 6 - Tailback Chris Polk named Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Week 
December 7 - Linebacker Mason Foster was again awarded for his outstanding performance during the 2010 season when he was named to the 2010 All-Pac-10 first team
December 8 - For the second time this season standout Husky Mason Foster was named a first-team all-American, this time by Rivals com
December 9 - Junior wide receiver Jermaine Kearse was named to the Rivals com All-Pac-10 first-team
December 20 - Senior QB Jake Locker was named honorable mention all-America by Pro Football Weekly

NFL draft
Two Huskies were selected in the 2011 NFL draft, which lasted seven rounds (254 selections) 

Locker was the first Husky selected in the first round in seven years 



ground_truth: poet and novelist