prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What title did the author of Det norske Theater's first production hold ? 

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Det Norske Jernkompani
Det Norske Jernkompani also known as Jernkompaniet or Det store Jern Compagni, was a Norwegian iron company  It was established in 1618, as an initiative of Johan Post and Herman Krefting on the orders of King Christian IV  A royal privilege granted in 1624 meant that the company almost had a monopoly on iron production on an industrial scale within Norway  The company operated ironworks at Bærum, Eidsvoll, Fossum and Hakadal  After Johan Post died in 1631,  Herman Krefting maintained an interest at the Eidsvoll and Bærums ironworks until his own death in 1651 

See also
Bærums Verk
Eidsvoll Verk
Passage 2:
Det norske Theater (Bergen)
Det norske Theater is a former theatre in Bergen, Norway, and regarded as the first pure Norwegian stage theatre  It opened in 1850 (1850) by primus motor, violinist Ole Bull, and closed in 1863 (1863), after a bankruptcy  The theatre's first production was Holberg's comedy Den Vægelsindede, and the opening was on 2 January 1850  The theatre played at the old comedy house built in 1800 In 1876 the theatre Den Nationale Scene opened in the same building 
Passage 3:
Språkåret 2013
Språkåret (The Language Year) in Norway was arranged with government support in 2013  That year was 200 years after Ivar Aasen was born  It was 100 years after Det Norske Teatret (The Norwegian Theatre) opened  Ivar Aasen's life work was the development of Nynorsk (New Norse), a language with grammar and vocabulary based upon the way ordinary Norwegians, primarily rural, spoke   After a few hundred years under Danish rule, many in the cities as well as everyone educated in Denmark, spoke and wrote Danish and Danish was taught in schools  Det Norske Teatret is a theatre in Oslo that primarily produces plays in Nynorsk 
These two jubilees were the main reasons for the decision to create a national year of celebration of languages   Språkåret 2013 was a stand-alone project, organised within the Nynorsk kultursentrum (Nynorsk culture center) and funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture 

Valuable cultural expressions
The purpose of Språkåret 2013 was to embrace and celebrate the diversity of language that exists in Norway  One sought to put focus on the positive effects that arise out of living in a country with several languages  The two official written versions of Norwegian, Bokmål and Nynorsk, the language of the indigenous people in the north, Sámi, and the three recognised national minority languages;  Kvensk, romani, romanes as well as Norwegian sign language, another official language   In addition there is huge variation in local dialects as well as the many languages spoken by immigrants  The year of 2013 was dedicated to celebrating, discussing, and trying to raise awareness of the valuable cultural expressions and identities that are connected to languages and dialects 

Objectives for the year
To create stronger linguistic self-esteem amongst people who have Nynorsk as their preferred language and moreover to heighten public acceptance of the country's language-divided culture 
To increase pride in the linguistic culture of Nynorsk, also among the people who have Bokmål as their preferred language 
To increase knowledge of and respect for the native language Sámi, minority languages, immigrant- languages and sign language 
To put the language situation in Norway into international and comparative perspectives 
To take an initiative to more contact among language-policy actors with common interests that cross linguistic borders and ethnicity In an interview in December 2013, the leader of the language year project, the author Inger Johanne Sæterbakk, said that the language year had lived a life of its own; many arrangements occurred without central steering  No one knows how many there were, but it was more than a thousand  Sæterbakk said that she saw that the use of dialects have an emotional element, while written language is used more as a tool  While she regretted that it wasn't possible to engage minority language groups more, she was very pleased with the activity-level all around the country 
Passage 4:
Ludvig Holberg
Ludvig Holberg, Baron of Holberg (3 December 1684 – 28 January 1754) was a writer, essayist, philosopher, historian and playwright born in Bergen, Norway, during the time of the Dano-Norwegian dual monarchy  He was influenced by Humanism, the Enlightenment and the Baroque  Holberg is considered the founder of modern Danish and Norwegian literature  He was also a prominent Neo-Latin author, known across Europe for his writing  He is best known for the comedies he wrote in 1722–1723 for the Lille Grønnegade Theatre in Copenhagen  Holberg's works about natural and common law were widely read by many Danish law students over two hundred years, from 1736 to 1936 

Studies and teaching
Holberg was the youngest of six brothers  His father, Christian Nielsen Holberg, died before Ludvig was one year old  He was educated in Copenhagen, and was a teacher at the University of Copenhagen for many years  At the same time, he started his successful career as an author, writing the first of a series of comedies 
He began to study theology at the University of Copenhagen and later taught himself law, history and language  He was not particularly interested in theology as a career, settling for an attestats (similar to a Bachelor's degree today), which gave him the right to work as a priest; he did not attempt a baccalaureus, magister or doctorate in the subject, nor did he follow a career as a theology professor, priest, or bishop  In Holberg's youth, it was common to study theology and specialize according to one's degree, for example in Greek, Latin, philosophy or history  For the purpose of becoming a lawyer, it was normal to study abroad  In 1736 the Danish Lawyer degree was established at the University of Copenhagen, a degree which continued to be granted for 200 years, and for which Holberg's writings remained common reading material throughout this time  Holberg was formally appointed assistant professor after having first worked as one without pay  He had to accept the first available position, which was teaching metaphysics  Later, he became a professor and taught rhetoric and Latin  Finally, he was given a professorship in the subject which he prized most and was most productive in, history 
Holberg was well-educated and well-traveled  In his adolescence, he visited large cities in countries such as the Netherlands and France, and lived for a short period of time in Rome; and for a longer period of time in Oxford, England (1706–1708), which was rare during that time as intellectual life was centered in continental Europe  He was not formally admitted to Oxford University, but spent his time there using the libraries and participating in Latin discussions with the English students 

Writings
Holberg's travels were a main inspiration in his later writings –  these experiences matured him both artistically and morally  Holberg let himself be inspired by old Latin comedies and newer French comedies he had seen in Paris, and street theaters in Rome 
His writings can be divided into three periods, during which he produced mainly history, 1711–1718; mainly satirical poetry and stage comedies, 1719–1731; and mainly philosophy, 1731–1750  His rich output of comedies during the middle period was shaped by his role as house dramatist at Denmark's first public theater, opened in Copenhagen in 1721  These comedies are the works on which his fame rests today, and they were an immediate and immense success  However the poverty caused by the Copenhagen Fire of 1728, brought a wave of depression and puritanism upon the nation, which clashed with Holberg's satirical works, and as a consequence he gave up his comedies switching to philosophical and historical writings in 1731  Holberg's only novel, the satirical science-fiction/fantasy Niels Klim's Underground Travels was originally published in Latin in 1741 as Nicolai Klimii Iter Subterraneum 

Ideology
In Paris, Holberg met the Danish-born French scientist Jacob Winsløw, who was Catholic  Winsløw tried to convert Holberg, without success  Holberg enjoyed the debate, but it started a rumor in Copenhagen that Holberg had converted to Catholicism as Winsløw had, and as a consequence he felt it necessary to deny this to the Danish public, giving voice to anti-Catholic views on several occasions Holberg criticized school doctrines in Christianity, arguing that "Children must be made into men, before they can become Christians" and
"If one learns Theology, before learning to become a man, one will never become a man "Holberg believed in people's inner divine light of reason, and to him it was important that the first goal of education was to teach students to use their senses and intellect, instead of uselessly memorising school books  This was a new, modern understanding of the question of religion, and it shows he was a man of the Age of Enlightenment  Holberg was interested in intellect because he felt that this is what binds society together  He also wondered why there was so much evil in the world, especially when one could let reason lead the way  One could say that he distanced himself from a religious explanation of evil towards a rational/empirical train of thought, and this is important because of his status as an author; both in his time and ours 
Holberg was open to biblical criticism, and Holberg's religious representation was, for the most part, deism  He was critical of the notion of original sin, instead subscribing to the notion of man's free will 
Holberg's declared intentions with his authorship were to enlighten people to better society  This also fits in with the picture of Holberg as of the age of enlightenment  It is worth noting that Holberg enjoyed larger cities with deep culture – small cities and nature did not interest him 
Like many scholars of his time, Holberg also influenced science  Holberg's concept for science was that it should be inductive (through experience built on observations) and practical to use  One example is his Betænkning over den nu regierende Qvæg-Syge (Memorandum on the prevalent cattle disease), (1745) where he reasons that the disease is caused by microorganisms 

Finances
In youth
Holberg had to live a modest life in his youth and early adulthood  He earned a living as a tutor and as a travel companion for noblemen and tried to work as a private sports coach at the university  He received further support from a grant to travel to other universities in other countries, namely Protestant universities, but it was a condition he did not respect since he searched out those places where the discussion were the loudest and the experiences were the largest 
During his stay in England, Holberg set his eyes on academic authoring and on his return, he started writing about history  Later, he wrote also about natural and international law, possibly at the prompting of an older professor who likened him to natural and international law authors such as Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf 
To make the most possible profit, Holberg published his own works and sold them as papers under a subscription to interested people, either bound or in looseleaf sheets  Holberg also tried, with some success, a publisher in Norway  There, his book about natural and international law was printed in several editions but did not garner him financial gains 

Investments
Holberg lived modestly and was able to invest a large part of the profits from the sale of his books on the side and lend them out or invest them in more active ventures  Several times in his writings he criticized townspeople and nobles who used their resources in unproductive ways to be carried round in chairs, to live in lavish houses and waste money on luxury  He ate reasonably and did not use his money on being driven around  He said that his travelling on foot, and continued walking, was the reason he could keep his malaria, which had plagued him in the south, under control 
When he came to the conclusion he could put his money in better ventures than trading, he started investing in real estate  His first large property purchase, Brorupgaard close to Havrebjerg, happened in stages; first he lent money to the owner at that time, and later took over the farm himself 
Some years later, Holberg also purchased Tersløsegard by Dianalund, the only one of his properties which is preserved because the others in Bergen, Copenhagen and Havrebjerg have been either burned down or torn down 

Sorø Academy and Holberg's will;Holberg was both unmarried and childless, but in the end of his life had a small fortune  He was interested in leaving a legacy and left his estate to Sorø Academy, which was a royal riding academy, with the goal of creating an institution at a university level for young men coming from nobility  Holberg supported the idea of the academy, worked out suggestions to which academic direction it would take and was asked by the king's superintendent to refer some professors for the school  The influential Enlightenment writer Jens Schielderup Sneedorff was appointed professor at Sorø Academy at Holbergs request 

The agreement with the king included that Holberg would be free of taxes from any income from the farms he owned, because the amount donated to the school should be larger than the amount he would pay in taxes  At the same time, he earned the title of Baron of Holberg 
Holberg's casket, a work of Johannes Wiedewelt, can be seen in Sorø Monastery Church 

Examples of Holberg's financial management
It can be seen from Holberg's correspondence that he was very conservative with money where he thought it would not be of any use; for example, he was against raising the wage of the pedagogues of Havrebjerg 
Holberg commented several times that he was willing to use money if it were put to good use, for example, he would use money on medication and supplies for his farm hands if they suffered from injury or illness 
When academia had large economic difficulties, because funding was very limited, Holberg agreed to help fund the academy (at Sorø Academy) while he was alive 

Tributes
Norwegian Edvard Grieg composed the Holberg Suite (opus 40) to honor Holberg  The suite is in the style of country dances from Holberg's time   In 1911 Johan Halvorsen composed incidental music for a production of Holberg's Barselstuen (The Lying-in Room) in Oslo  Halvorsen later arranged the music into his Suite Ancienne op  31, which he dedicated to the memory of Holberg 
The Norwegian University of Bergen awards the Holberg International Memorial Prize  The 4 5 million kroner (ca  €520,000) endowed prize was awarded to Julia Kristeva in 2004, to Jürgen Habermas in 2005, and to Shmuel Eisenstadt in 2006 
There is a town named after Holberg on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada  It was founded by Danish immigrants in 1907 
Dan Shore's opera The Beautiful Bridegroom, for six sopranos, is based on Holberg's last play, Den forvandlede Brudgom There is a statue of Holberg and a boulevard named after him (Holbergsallmenningen) in the centre of Bergen, Norway 
A crater on Mercury is named for him 

Written works
Comedies
Den Politiske Kandestøber, 1722 (Eng  The Political Tinker / The Pewterer turned Politician)
Den vægelsindede, 1722 (Eng  The Waverer / The Weathercock)
Jean de France eller Hans Frandsen, 1722 (Eng  Jean de France)
Jeppe på bjerget eller den forvandlede Bonde, 1722 (Eng  Jeppe of the Hill, or The Transformed Peasant)
Mester Gert Westphaler, 1722 (Eng  Gert Westphaler)
Barselstuen, 1723 (Eng  The Lying-in Room)
Den ellefte Junii, 1723 (Eng  The Eleventh of June)
Jacob von Tyboe eller den stortalende Soldat, 1723 (Eng  Jacob von Tyboe, or The Bragging Soldier)
Ulysses von Ithacia, 1723 (Eng  Ulysses of Ithaca)
Erasmus Montanus eller Rasmus Berg, 1723 (Eng  Erasmus Montanus or Rasmus Berg)
Don Ranudo de Colibrados, 1723
Uden Hoved og Hale, 1723 (Eng  Without Head or Tail)
Den Stundesløse, 1723 (Eng  The Fidget)
Hexerie eller Blind Allarm, 1723 (Eng  Witchcraft or False Alert)
Melampe, 1723
Det lykkelige Skibbrud, 1724 (Eng  The Happy Capsize)
Det Arabiske Pulver, 1724 (Eng  The Arabian Powder)
Mascarade, 1724 (Eng  Masquerade)
Julestuen, 1724 (Eng  The Christmas Party)
De Usynlige, 1724 (Eng  The Invisible / The Masked Ladies)
Diderich Menschenskraek, 1724 (Eng  Diderich the Terrible)
Kildereisen, 1725 (Eng  The journey to the source / The source Journey)
Henrich og Pernille, 1724–1726 (Eng  Henrik and Pernille)
Den pantsatte Bondedreng, 1726 (Eng  The Pawned Farmers helper / The Peasant in Pawn)
Pernilles korte Frøkenstand, 1727 (Eng  Pernille's Brief Experience as a Lady)
Den Danske Comoedies Liigbegængelse, 1727 (Eng  Funeral of Danish Comedy)
Den honette Ambition, 1731 (Eng  The honest/honourable ambition)
Den Forvandlede Brudgom, 1753 (Eng  The Changed Bridegroom)
Plutus eller Proces imellom Fattigdom og Riigdom, publ  1753
Husspøgelse eller Abracadabra, publ  1753 (Eng  The house's Ghost or Abracadabra)
Philosophus udi egen Indbildning, publ  1754
Republiqven eller det gemeene Bedste, publ  1754
Sganarels Rejse til det philosophiske Land, publ  1754 (Eng  Sganarel's Journey to the Land of the Philosophers)

Poems
Peder Paars, 1720
fire Skæmtedigte, 1722 (Eng  Four poems for fun)
Metamorphosis eller Forvandlinger, 1726 (Eng  Metamorphosis or Changes)

Novels
Nicolai Klimii iter subterraneum, 1741  (Translated to Danish by Hans Hagerup in 1742 as Niels Klims underjordiske Rejse ) (Eng  Niels Klim's Underground Travels or Nicolai Klimii's subterranean Journey or The Journey of Niels Klim to the World Underground Bison Books, 2004  ISBN 0-8032-7348-7)

Essays
Moralske Tanker, 1744 (Eng  Moral thoughts)
Epistler, 1748–54
Moralske Fabler, 1751 (Eng  Moral Fables)
Tre latinske levnedsbreve, 1728–1743

Historical works
Introduction til de fornemste Europæiske Rigers Historier, 1711 (Eng  Introduction to the Greatest European Empires Histories)
Morals Kierne eller Introduction til Naturens og Folke-Rettens Kundskab, 1716 (Eng  The Core of Morality or Introduction to Natural and International Law)
Dannemarks og Norges Beskrivelse, 1729 (Eng  Denmark's and Norway's Description)
Dannemarks Riges Historie, 1732–35 (Eng  The Danish Empire/Kingdom's History)
Den berømmelige Norske Handel-Stad Bergens Beskrivelse, 1737 (Eng  The Famous Norwegian Commercial Hub Bergen's Description)
Almindelig Kirke-Historie, 1738 (Eng  General Church History)
Den jødiske Historie fra Verdens Begyndelse, fortsat til disse Tider, 1742 (Eng  The Jewish History From the Beginning of the World, Continued till Present Day/These Times)
Adskillige store Heltes og berømmelige Mænds sammenlignede Historier, 1739–53 (Eng  Several Great Heroes' and Famous Men's Compared Histories)
Adskillige Heltinders og navnkundige Damers sammenlignede Historier, 1745 (Eng  Several Heroines' and Noteworthy Ladies' Compared Histories)

Memoir
Memoirs of Lewis Holberg, 1737 (published in English, 1827)

See also
Christian Gotlob Mengel

Notes
Passage 5:
Lucie Wolf
Lucie Wolf (née Johannesen; 25 May 1833 – 6 October 1902) was a Norwegian stage actress 

Biography
Born in Bergen, Wolf was the daughter of Svend Johannesen (1796–1882) and Johanne Andrea Jonsdotter (1799–1862) She made her stage debut in 1850 at Ole Bull's Det norske Theater in Bergen  From 1853 she played at Christiania Theatre  and from 1901 at Nationaltheatret  She had her last stage performance in 1902 She wrote about her experiences on the early Norwegian theater in Skuespillerinden Fru Lucie Wolfs Livserindringer (1897) 
She was married in 1854 to the Danish actor and opera singer Jacob Wilhelm Nicolay Wolf (1824–1875) Their daughter Sigrid Wolf-Schøller (1863-1927) became a opera singer (mezzo-soprano) and music educator 
Passage 6:
The Feast at Solhaug
The Feast at Solhaug (or in the original Norwegian Gildet paa Solhoug) is the first publicly successful drama by Henrik Ibsen  It was written in 1855 and had its premier at Det norske Theater in Bergen on 2 January 1856  Part of the strength and charm of this play as well as Ibsen's other early poetic works results from the style of the poetic form and the inherent melody of the old ballads for those who speak Scandinavian languages 

Plot
The play opens on the day of the feast celebrating the third wedding anniversary of the marriage of Bengt Gauteson and Margit  Erik of Hogge, a friend of Knut Gesling, the King's sheriff, and Knut himself are seeking permission for Knut to marry Margit's sister, Signe  Knut, a warlike man, is advised that he must demonstrate peaceful ways for a year before Margit will support the marriage  They are invited to the feast, under pledge that they will be peaceful that night 
They depart to look for Margit's kinsman, Gudmund Alfson, who they know to be outlawed and suspect to be nearby  Once they depart and her husband leaves, Margit speaks of her regret in marrying Bengt Gauteson, even though he was a wealthy older landowner  Her woe is captured by her phrase, "I myself am the Hill-King's wife!"
Gudmund Alfson arrives  Margit, who has loved him since he departed three years earlier, treats him poorly until she realizes that, although once close to the king, he has been outlawed and is on the run  She then dreams of marrying him and obtains poison to administer to Bengt 
Meanwhile, Gudmund speaks to Signe, who has grown up since he last saw her, expressing his love  Signe remembers him well and is most willing 
Knut returns in the evening for the feast  Finding Gudmund there, although he is the sheriff, Knut does not take Gudmund to demonstrate his intent to be peaceful, but declares that this day shall end peacefully 
They both speak together, expressing their intent to marry  After some discussion they both proclaim, and realize they woo the same woman  Since Signe loves Gudmund, Knut announces he is leaving peacefully, but will return in the morn to take Gudmund 
Magrit prepares to poison Bengt after many of the guests depart, leaving him a poisoned drink as she goes to bed  He is advised of Knut’s return and, setting aside his drink, goes to meet Knut and his men  Gudmund & Signe enter and almost drink the poison 
As Knut returns in the morning and meets Bengt who is set upon defending his household, Knut slays him  Bengt’s friends capture Knut and bring him before Margit 
The king’s men arrive  Gudmund is prepared to surrender, but finds that the king has recognized his error and restored all of Gudmund’s property and standing 
Margit wishes Gudmund and Signe well and goes off to St  Sunniva's cloister 

List of main characters
BENGT GAUTESON, Master of Solhoug 
MARGIT, his wife 
SIGNE, her sister 
GUDMUND ALFSON, their kinsman 
KNUT GESLING, the King's sheriff 
ERIK OF HEGGE, his friend In the first staging of the play, at Det norske Theater in Bergen in 1856, the main characters were performed by Johannes Brun as Bengt Gauteson, his wife in real life Louise Brun as Margit, Fredrikke Nielsen as Signe, Jacob Prom as Gudmund Alfson, Andreas Isachsen as Knut Gesling, and Carl Hansen as Erik of Hegge  The director was the playwright himself, Henrik Ibsen 

References and notes
External links
 The Feast at Solhaug at Project Gutenberg
Gildet paa Solhoug, free e-book of the Norwegian text, at Project Runeberg  (in Norwegian)
Passage 7:
Per Sunderland
Per Sunderland (9 October 1924 – 4 June 2012) was a Norwegian stage actor and film actor  He made his stage debut at Studioteatret in 1945  He performed at Det Norske Teatret from 1949, at Det Nye Teater from 1951, at Folketeatret from 1952, and at Nationaltheatret from 1957  He played the title role in the film Hans Nielsen Hauge from 1961 

Per Sunderland retired from stage and film when he reached the age limit in 1995  Shortly before he retired, he was appointed a Knight of the 1st Class of the Order of St  Olav  Sunderland died on 4 June 2012 
Passage 8:
Nynorsk Literature Prize
The Nynorsk Literature Prize is awarded annually by Noregs Mållag, Det Norske Teatret and Det Norske Samlaget for the best book in either Nynorsk or dialect  The award is presented for the best novel, poetry, novellas, or drama in the past year 

Winners
List of winners 
1982 – Eldrid Lunden,  Gjenkjennelsen
1983 – Kjartan Fløgstad, U3
1984 – Alfred Hauge,  Serafen
1985 – Paal-Helge Haugen, Det overvintra lyset
1986 – Kjartan Fløgstad,  Det 7  klima
1987 – Edvard Hoem, Ave Eva
1988 – Johannes Heggland,  Meisterens søner
1989 – Helge Torvund, Den monotone triumf
1990 – Liv Nysted, Som om noe noengang tar slutt
1991 – Marit Tusvik, Ishuset
1992 – Jon Fosse, Bly og vatn
1993 – Einar Økland, Istaden for roman og humor
1994 – Solfrid Sivertsen, Grøn koffert
1995 – Lars Amund Vaage, Rubato 
1996 – Oddmund Hagen, Utmark
1997 – Marie Takvam, Dikt i samling
1998 – Brit Bildøen,  Tvillingfeber
1999 – Åse Marie Nesse, Dikt i samling (1999), Faust (1993, 1999) and Mitt hjarte slo (1999)
2000 – Rune Belsvik,  Ein naken gut
2001 – Ragnar Hovland, Ei vinterreise
2002 – Inger Bråtveit, Munn mot ein frosen fjord
2003 – Jon Fosse, Auge i vind
2004 – not awarded
2005 – Øyvind Vågnes, Ekko
2006 – Eilev Groven Myhren for Ringdrotten, a translation of The Lord of the Rings
2007 – Frode Grytten for Rom ved havet, rom i byen, novella
2008 – Gunnhild Øyehaug for Vente, blinke, novel
2009 – Kjartan Fløgstad for Grense Jakobselv, novel
2010 – Jan Roar Leikvoll for Fiolinane, novel
2011 – Marit Eikemo for Samtale ventar, novel
2012 – Lars Amund Vaage for Syngja, novel
2013 – Sigrun Slapgard for Englestien, novel
2014 – Lars Petter Sveen for Guds barn, novel
2015 – Eirik Ingebrigtsen for Spikrar frå fallande plankar, novel
2016 – Ruth Lillegraven for Sigd, poems
2017 – Olaug Nilssen for Tung tids tale, novel
2018 – Brit Bildøen for Tre vegar til havet, novel
Passage 9:
Svein Tindberg
Svein Randor Tindberg (born 25 June 1953) is a Norwegian actor  He was born in Oslo; the son of Snorre Tindberg and Inger Mogstad  He made his stage debut 13 years old at Det Norske Teatret in 1966, in the musical The King and I  As an actor, he has worked for Fjernsynsteatret, Det Norske Teatret, Trøndelag Teater and Nationaltheatret  His film debut was in Rallarblod from 1979  His one-man performances with texts based on The Bible became very popular  His prizes include Teaterkritikerprisen, the Telenor Culture Award in 1995, Bibelprisen in 1996 and Brobyggerprisen in 2001 
Passage 10:
Aloysius Valente
Aloysius Valente (15 October 1926 – 23 March 2013) was a Norwegian dancer, choreographer and stage instructor  He was born in Oslo  He made his breakthrough in the performance Veslefrikk med fela, based on a traditional fairytale  This story was later basis for the first Norwegian dance film from 1953, where he played the title role  He later worked for a number of institutions, including Nationaltheatret, Den Nationale Scene, Det Norske Teatret and Den Norske Opera, and also produced television shows 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Capital Cities (band)
Capital Cities is an American pop duo from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2008 by Ryan Merchant (vocals, keyboard, guitar) and Sebu Simonian (vocals, keyboard)  Their debut EP was released on June 7, 2011, with lead single "Safe and Sound" which became their first, and only, top ten hit single  The band currently consists of Ryan Merchant, Sebu Simonian, Manny Quintero on bass guitar, Spencer Ludwig on trumpet, Nick Merwin on guitar and Channing Holmes on drums 
A subsequent single, "Kangaroo Court", was released on March 27, 2012  The band was featured on the Pop Up #1 compilation selected by Perez Hilton that was released on August 7, 2012  The band's song "Safe and Sound" charted at #1 on the US Alternative Songs chart  The song was also used in a German Vodafone commercial, in a television commercial in the United States and Canada for the 2014 Mazda 3, and in an Air New Zealand in-flight safety video  The song "Center Stage" was featured on ESPN's First Take where they played a short segment of the retro-sounding track before going to commercial breaks 
The band's debut album, In a Tidal Wave of Mystery, was released June 4, 2013 via Capitol Records in partnership with Lazy Hooks  It was the first release of new material on Capitol with a Universal Music Group catalog number  The album debuted at number sixty-six on the Billboard 200 chart 

History
The two musicians met after Merchant responded to Simonian's open ad on Craigslist offering his production services  They began jingle-writing together  After three years successfully  composing music for commercials and advertising campaigns, the duo formed Capital Cities  The band released its debut, self-titled EP in June 2011 via their label, Lazy Hooks 
In 2012, the band signed with Capitol Records  In partnership with Lazy Hooks, the label released In a Tidal Wave of Mystery, the band's debut album, on June 4, 2013  The album takes its name from the lyrics of its top 10 Modern Rock radio hit "Safe and Sound",  the album's first single  The song has been used in promotional campaigns for HBO, Smart Car, Microsoft, Mazda and many other spots  The album includes the songs "Kangaroo Court" and "I Sold My Bed, But Not My Stereo"  Outkast's André 3000, vocalist Shemika Secrest and NPR's Frank Tavares are featured on the song "Farrah Fawcett Hair"  The album is produced and mixed entirely by the pair of Merchant and Simonian  The artwork is by Brazilian artist João Lauro Fonte 

The band embarked on its first-ever North American outing, the "Dancing with Strangers" tour, with special guests Gold Fields, which kicked off on April 23, 2013, at the Crescent Ballroom in Phoenix, Arizona  Capital Cities' May 9 show at New York City's Irving Plaza sold out two months in advance as well two nights at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles  All proceeds from the June 7 show at the El Rey went to MusiCares and a Place Called Home  The band has also appeared and performed at Sundance, SXSW, SweetLife, and ULTRA 
The band premiered the official video of "Safe and Sound" on April 25, 2013 on Vevo  The clip was directed by Grady Hall (who also has worked with Beck and Modest Mouse)  In the video, the song fuels a mash-up of the past 100 years of dance, presided over by the band at the newly restored Los Angeles Theater in downtown Los Angeles  The video featured work from Emmy-nominated choreographer Mandy Moore  The video was nominated for two 2013 MTV Video Music Awards: Best Art Direction and Best Visual Effects  The video won a 2013 MTV Video Music Award for Best Visual Effects 
In May 2013, "Safe and Sound" reached number one on the German Singles Chart 
September 5, 2013 marked the premiere of the "Kangaroo Court" music video  The video features appearances from Darren Criss, Shannon Woodward, and Channing Holmes  The story tells of a zebra (Merchant) who has been forbidden from a club, The Kangaroo Court  Attempting entry disguised as a horse, he falls for a lapdog (Woodward)  Her date that night, a bulldog (Criss), becomes jealous and reveals the zebra for who he actually is  The zebra is placed under arrest for his crime and sent to court to face a kangaroo judge (Holmes)  He is found guilty immediately and is executed by lion (Simonian) 
The band was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Music Video 
Capital Cities joined Katy Perry on the North American leg of her Prismatic World Tour 
In April and May 2016, nearly three years after the release of the band's debut album, the official Capital Cities Facebook page made two posts strongly suggesting that new music was in the works  Two years later, the band released four singles within the span of four weeks and followed up with the release of Solarize on August 10, 2018 as their latest album to date 

Discography
Studio albums
Extended plays
Singles
Notes
Awards and nominations
Passage 2:
Capital Cities/ABC Inc 
Capital Cities/ABC Inc  was an American media company  It was founded in 1985 when Capital Cities Communications purchased the much larger American Broadcasting Company  It was eventually acquired by The Walt Disney Company and re-branded itself as Disney–ABC Television Group (now Disney General Entertainment Content) in 1996 

History
Origins
Capital Cities/ABC Inc  origins trace back in 1946, when Hyman Rosenblum (1911–1996), a local Albany businessman, and several investors, including future Congressman Leo William O'Brien and local advertising executive Harry L  Goldman decided to bid for a new radio station license in Albany  Rosenblum was also instrumental in help co-founding Hudson Valley Community College in Troy several years later, when he was on the Board of Trustees from 1953 to 1957 and then became the board's secretary in 1957, holding that position until his death in 1996  The company was incorporated as Hudson Valley Broadcasting Company on April 5, 1946   when the company received the license for WROW radio in Albany, New York  In October 1953, it opened the Albany-Schenectady-Troy area's second television station, WROW-TV on channel 41  In the late fall of 1954, a group of New York City-based investors, led by famous radio broadcaster and author Lowell Thomas, bought majority control of Hudson Valley Broadcasting from Rosenblum and associates  Thomas' manager/investing partner, Frank Smith became the President of the company 

The Capital Cities era
In 1956, WROW-TV moved from channel 41 to channel 10 and became WCDA  In 1957, Hudson Valley Broadcasting merged with Durham Broadcasting Enterprises, the owners of WTVD television in Durham, North Carolina   The new company took the name Capital Cities Television Corporation in November 1957, as both WROW/WCDA (now WTEN) and WTVD served the capital regions of their respective states  Capital Cities then began purchasing stations, starting with WPRO-AM-FM-TV in Providence, Rhode Island (another capital city) in 1959  In December 1959, the company's name was changed to Capital Cities Broadcasting During the 1960s, Capital Cities' holdings grew with the separate 1961 purchases of WPAT-AM-FM in Paterson, New Jersey, and WKBW radio and WKBW-TV in Buffalo, New York; and of the Goodwill Stations, which included WJR-AM-FM in Detroit, WJRT-TV in Flint, Michigan, and WSAZ-AM-TV in Huntington, West Virginia (serving the Charleston capital region), in 1964   CapCities entered the Los Angeles market in 1966 with its purchase of KPOL (later KZLA and now the present-day KMPC) and KPOL-FM (later KZLA-FM and now KLLI)  As a result of the Goodwill Stations purchase, and to adhere to Federal Communications Commission rules limiting ownership of VHF television stations to five per company, Capital Cities spun off WJRT-TV to Poole Broadcasting, a company owned by former CapCities shareholder John B  Poole  Poole's own Poole Broadcasting firm would later purchase two other television stations from CapCities: the second was WPRO-TV (now WPRI-TV) in 1967, coinciding with CapCities' purchase of KTRK-TV in Houston from the Houston Chronicle in June of that year In 1968, Capital Cities entered the publishing business by acquiring Fairchild Publications, publisher of several magazines including Women's Wear Daily   The following year the firm purchased its first newspaper, The Oakland Press of Pontiac, Michigan 
The following year, the company made another big purchase—acquiring WFIL-AM-FM-TV in Philadelphia, WNHC-AM-FM-TV in New Haven, Connecticut (in another capital region), and KFRE-AM-FM-TV in Fresno, California from Triangle Publications, as well as its syndicated television unit Triangle Program Sales  Capital Cities would immediately sell the radio stations to new owners, and, so as to comply with an FCC rule in place then that prohibited TV and radio stations in the same market, but different ownership from sharing the same callsigns, changed the television stations' calls to WPVI-TV, WTNH-TV, and KFSN-TV respectively  The acquisitions of WPVI and WTNH gave them seven VHF stations, two stations over the FCC limit at the time, and WTEN and WSAZ-TV were respectively spun off by CapCities to Poole Broadcasting and Lee Enterprises not long after the Triangle purchase was finalized  After the sale was consummated, its syndicated unit was renamed to Capital Cities Television Productions  Charles Keller was named general manager of the unit  WSAZ radio in Huntington was divested to Stoner Broadcasting (it is now WRVC), also as a result of the Triangle deal  To reflect the diversity of their holdings, the company changed its name to Capital Cities Communications on May 4, 1973 In 1974, Capital Cities bought WBAP and KSCS-FM in Fort Worth, Texas, along with its purchase of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram  The firm also increased its newspaper and publishing holdings during the middle-1970s  In 1974, Capital Cities acquired the Oregon-based Jackson Newspapers chain, which included the Albany Democrat-Herald, the Ashland Daily Tidings, and several other local newspapers and magazines  The Kansas City (Missouri) Star was acquired in 1977, and the following year CapCities bought Times Leader of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania In 1977, the company was a lead plaintiff in a lawsuit by the owners of Buffalo-based TV stations against the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission over that country's simultaneous substitution rules  The Supreme Court of Canada ruled against the broadcasters 
Returning to broadcasting, WBIE-FM (now WKHX-FM) in Marietta, Georgia (near Atlanta, another capital city), was bought in 1981   WROW radio in Albany, the company's first station, and its FM counterpart (which is now WYJB) were sold in 1983, and in 1984 the company made its last pre-ABC-merger purchases with independent station WFTS-TV in Tampa, Florida and KLAC radio in Los Angeles (concurrent with the sale of KZLA) 

Capital Cities/ABC
On March 19, 1985, Capital Cities announced that it would purchase ABC for $3 5 billion, which shocked the media industry, as ABC was some four times bigger than Capital Cities was at the time  Berkshire Hathaway chairman Warren Buffett helped to finance the deal in exchange for a 25 percent share in the combined company  The deal was, at the time, the largest non-oil merger in world business history  However, this record would be surpassed by year's end by the merger of General Electric and RCA (the latter company then being the parent company of rival network NBC) The newly merged company, known as Capital Cities/ABC (or CapCities/ABC), was forced to sell off some stations due to FCC ownership limits  Between them, ABC and CapCities owned more television stations than FCC rules allowed at the time  Also, the two companies owned several radio stations in the same markets  Of the former Capital Cities television stations, the new company opted to keep the outlets in Philadelphia, Houston, Durham, and Fresno  WFTS and ABC's WXYZ-TV in Detroit were divested as a pair to the E  W  Scripps Company's broadcasting division (then known as Scripps-Howard Broadcasting)  WTNH and WKBW-TV were sold separately to minority-owned companies; WKBW-TV would eventually be acquired by E W  Scripps by 2014  WTNH would have been sold in any event due to a significant city-grade signal overlap with ABC flagship WABC-TV in New York City  At the time, the FCC normally did not allow companies to own two television stations with common coverage areas (known commonly as the "one-to-a-market" rule), and would not even consider granting a waiver for a city-grade overlap 
The merged company could have been forced to sell off WPVI as well due to a large Grade B signal overlap with WABC-TV  Citing CBS' ownership of television stations in New York City (WCBS-TV) and Philadelphia (at the time WCAU-TV) under grandfathered status, Capital Cities/ABC requested, and was granted a permanent waiver from the FCC allowing it to keep WPVI-TV  Had the waiver request been denied, WXYZ-TV would have been retained 
WPVI-TV and KTRK-TV had long been ABC affiliates (in fact, two of ABC's strongest affiliates), while WTVD and KFSN-TV, longtime CBS affiliates, respectively switched to ABC in August and September 1985 (CBS went to WRAL-TV and KJEO now KGPE) 
On the radio side, new owners were found for CapCities' WPAT stations (Park Communications was the buyer), WKBW (Price Communications, the new owner, changed its call letters to WWKB, which was necessitated due to an FCC regulation in effect then that forbade TV and radio stations in the same city, but with different owners from sharing the same call letters) and KLAC and KZLA-FM (to Malrite Communications), and ABC's WRIF-FM in Detroit (to a minority-owned concern), among others The merger was completed on January 3, 1986   The new company retained ABC's radio and television combinations in New York City (WABC, WABC-TV and WPLJ), Los Angeles (KABC, KABC-TV and KLOS), Chicago (WLS, WLS-FM and WLS-TV), and San Francisco (KGO and KGO-TV), along with WMAL and WRQX-FM in Washington, D C ; CapCities' aforementioned television outlets and the Detroit, Providence, Marietta and Fort Worth radio stations; Fairchild Publications; the Fort Worth Star-Telegram and the Kansas City Star; and other broadcasting and publishing properties  Orbis Communications immediately purchased the syndication rights to the Capital Cities production library In May 1991, Capital Cities/ABC's Farm Progress Cos  closed its purchase of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc 's 12-magazine farm publishing group  In 1992, Capital Cities/ABC sold Word Inc 's music and book publishing to Thomas Nelson  In 1992, ABC launched its new home video unit ABC Video, which was headed by former Vestron Video employee Jon Peisinger  In February 1993, the company formed a television production joint venture with Brillstein-Grey Entertainment to tap into their managed talent and to take advantage of relaxed production regulations   In July, CC/ABC purchased a majority ownership in animation studio DIC Animation City, forming a joint venture called DIC Entertainment L P  Later in July, CC/ABC reorganized into 4 groups, ABC TV Network Group, CC/ABC Publishing Group, the CC/ABC Broadcast Group, and a newly formed CC/ABC Multimedia Group overseeing the network, magazines & newspapers, stations and new technology & miscellaneous operations respectively  Network Group president Bob Iger was also promoted to executive president of CC/ABC  Also in 1993, ABC launched a new video line Signet Video, which were designed to release feature films for theatrical release or telemovies  It was subsequently changed its name to Summa Video, and signed a deal with Paramount Home Video to handle distribution of the titles In 1994, CC/ABC agreed to a $200 million seven-year television production joint venture with the original DreamWorks live-action studio  Also that year, CC/ABC formed a partnership with Brillstein/Grey Entertainment to launch Brillstein/Grey Communications During the 1994-1996 United States broadcast TV realignment, the Fox Broadcasting Company agreed to a multi-year, multi-station affiliation deal with New World Communications  Unless Scripps told that they would affiliate the other three stations to ABC and threatened to flip WEWS and WXYZ to CBS, Capital Cities/ABC and Scripps-Howard Broadcasting reached a deal to affiliate five of the Scripps-Howard TV properties with ABC (WEWS, WXYZ, two outgoing Fox affiliates KNXV and WFTS, and NBC affiliate WMAR-TV), with one additional outlet received in a separate deal (CBS affiliate WCPO) in September 1995  As a contingency, ABC bought WJRT-TV in Flint, Michigan and WTVG in Toledo, Ohio from SJL Broadcasting in 1995  In a separate deal, Allbritton Communications purchased WCFT-TV and WJSU-TV, and made them full power satellites of WBMA-LP; this prompted Allbritton to sign a groupwide affiliation deal with ABC which caused WCIV and Brunswick sister station WBSG-TV (now Ion Television O&O WPXC-TV) to become ABC affiliates  The latter had joined ABC as a semi-satellite of WJXX, which replaced WJKS as Jacksonville's ABC affiliate upon its 1997 sign-on)  In a separate deal, McGraw-Hill had to switch KERO-TV (channel 23) in Bakersfield, California; and KMGH-TV (channel 7) in Denver to ABC, and a renewal of the affiliation agreements with existing ABC affiliates WRTV (channel 6) in Indianapolis and KGTV (channel 10) in San Diego  This deal was made in response of the agreement stemming from NBC's acquisition of WCAU and the trade of KCNC and KUTV to CBS The Walt Disney Company announced that it would merge with Capital Cities/ABC in 1995  This merger of equals led to the formation of a new subsidiary, ABC, Inc , on September 19, 1996 

Structure at Disney acquisition
ABC Television Network Group
ABC News
ABC Sports
ABC Entertainment
ABC Daytime
ABC Children's Programming
CC/ABC Broadcasting Group
ABC Radio Network
eight TV stations
21 radio stations
ABC Cable and International Broadcast Group
ESPN Inc  (80%)
Eurosport (33 3%, England)
TV Sport (10%, France; Eurosport affiliate)
The Japan Sports Channel (20%)
A&E Television Networks (37 5%)
Lifetime Television (50%)
Tele-Muchen (50%, Germany)
RTL2 20%
Hamster Productions  (33%, France)
DIC Entertainment (Limited Partnerships with Andy Heyward)
DIC Entertainment, L P  (100%)
DIC Productions, L P  (95%)
Scandinavian Broadcasting System (23%, Luxembourg)
CC/ABC Publishing Group
Fairchild Publications
Chilton Publications
multiple newspapers from a dozen dailies  and more weeklies
Ft  Worth Star-Telegram
The Kansas City Star
Belleville News-Democrat
Times Leader
Pacific Northwest GroupAlbany Democrat-Herald
Ashland Daily Tidings
The Sandy Post
Lebanon Express
Cottage Grove Sentinel
The Outlook
News-Times (Newport)
The Oakland Press
dozens more publications in the fields of business and law trade journals
Farm Progress
Los Angeles Magazine
Institutional Investor
CC/ABC Multimedia GroupCreative Wonders (Joint-venture with Electronic Arts)

Former Capital Cities-owned stations
Stations are listed alphabetically by state and city of license 
Notes:

(**) – indicates a station built and signed on by a predecessor company of Capital Cities 

Television stations
This list does not include WTVG in Toledo, Ohio  That station, which switched its affiliation from NBC to ABC, was purchased by Capital Cities/ABC in 1995, and was completed just before Disney's acquisition of the combined group was finalized  In addition, WJRT-TV was reacquired in the same deal 

Radio stations
All stations currently under ownership of Cumulus Media were previously owned by Citadel Broadcasting before Cumulus acquired the company on September 16, 2011  Most of these same stations were owned by the Walt Disney Company until Citadel's purchase of ABC Radio Networks and these stations on June 12, 2007 (except for WPRO-AM-FM, which were sold by Capital Cities/ABC in 1993 and acquired by Citadel in 1997) 

Financial results
Passage 3:
Thomas Murphy (broadcasting)
Thomas Sawyer Murphy (May 31, 1925 – May 25, 2022) was an American broadcasting executive, and was chair and chief executive officer of Capital Cities / ABC, Inc  until 1996  Together with fellow Capital Cities executive Daniel Burke, Murphy engineered the acquisition of the American Broadcasting Company in 1986 for $3 5 billion  Murphy and Burke, who served as president and chief executive of ABC until 1994, are credited with increasing the profitability and efficiency of ABC 

Early life
Murphy was born in Brooklyn on May 31, 1925   His father, Charles, was a lawyer involved in Democratic Party politics and later worked as a judge in the Judiciary of New York; his mother, Elizabeth (Sawyer), was a homemaker   Murphy initially studied at Princeton University, before enlisting in the US Navy and serving from 1943 to 1946   He then studied mechanical engineering at Cornell University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science in 1945   After his application to Harvard Business School was rejected, he was employed by Texaco as an oil salesman for a year   He was later accepted by Harvard and obtained a Master of Business Administration in 1949, graduating as a Baker Scholar 

Career
Murphy first worked at Kenyon & Eckhardt as an account executive, before becoming a brand manager for Lever Brothers   His fortunes changed when broadcaster and author Lowell Thomas, and his business manager/partner, Frank Smith, led a New York City-based investor group to buy control of Albany, New York-based Hudson Valley Broadcasting Company, in 1954 and hired Murphy to run the WROW stations as their new general manager  Although Murphy did not have any broadcast experience, his leadership and conservative financial restraint helped bring WROW-TV (now WTEN) to profitability three years later   In December 1957, Hudson Valley merged with Durham Television Enterprises, owners of WTVD in Durham, North Carolina, to form Capital Cities Television Corporation, which later became Capital Cities Broadcasting Corp  in 1960 and Capital Cities Communications thirteen years later Murphy moved up quickly in the ranks of the company   He became Capital Cities' first vice president in 1960   Four years later, he was promoted to president while Smith moved up to become the company's first chairman   After Smith's unexpected death in 1966, Murphy became chairman and chief executive officer, a position that he held for the next 30 years   Under his leadership, he helped build Capital Cities from a small broadcasting company into a multibillion-dollar media conglomerate  He then got into the publishing and newspaper business by buying Fairchild Publications in 1968, and then bought several newspapers including The Kansas City Star and Fort Worth Star-Telegram  Murphy's biggest acquisition came in 1985 when he bought the American Broadcasting Company for $3 5 billion to form Capital Cities/ABC  The merger was engineered by Murphy and the man who replaced him as WTEN's station manager, Daniel B  Burke, who became ABC's president 
In 1995 Capital Cities / ABC was bought by Disney  He was a member of the board of directors of Berkshire Hathaway, General Housewares Corp , Texaco, Inc , Johnson & Johnson, and IBM Corporation and a life trustee and honorary vice chair of New York University 

Personal life and death
Murphy was married to Suzanne Crosby Murphy until her death in 2009  Together, they had four children: Emilie, Thomas Jr , Kathleen, and Mary  Murphy died on May 25, 2022, at his home in Rye, New York 

Awards
Television Hall of Fame
1996 NATPE Lifetime Achievement Award

Citations
General and cited sources
"Thomas S  Murphy", Encyclopedia of television, Editor Horace Newcomb, CRC Press, 2004, ISBN 978-1-57958-411-5
Forbes, Malcolm S  "Mighty CEOs Who are Also All-round Nice Guys are Rare " Forbes (New York), December 11, 1989 
Gibbs, Nancy  "Easy as ABC " Time (New York), August 14, 1995 
Hawver, W  Capital Cities/ABC The Early Years: 1954-1986 How the Minnow Came to Swallow The Whale  Radnor, Pennsylvania: Chilton, 1994 
Ländler, Mark  "Creators of the Big Deal, Capital Cities' Tandem Team " The New York Times, August 1, 1995 
Roberts, Johnnie L  "The Men Behind the Big Megadeals " Newsweek (New York), August 14, 1995 

External links
"TOM MURPHY", Harvard Business School, December 2000, Amy Blitz
Passage 4:
Wandu
Hwando (Chinese: 丸都; pinyin: Wandu) is a mountain fortress of the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo, built to protect Goguryeo's second capital, Gungnae  It is located in present-day Ji'an city of the province of Jilin, China 
The fortress is located 2 5 km west of Ji'an, Jilin province in Northeast China, near the North Korean border  It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom, together with nearby Gungnae City and the Ohnyeosan City, because of its historical importance and exceptional architecture 

History
In 3 CE, King Yuri of Goguryeo moved the capital to Gungnae Fortress, and built the Wina Rock fortress  Gungnae Fortress, the capital, was a fortress on Amnok River's plain, while "Wina Rocks fortress" (Hangul: 위나암성, Hanja: 尉那巖城) was a fortified city in the mountain which was later renamed to Hwando by King Sansang of Goguryeo 
Goguryeo consolidated its power and began to threaten the Chinese commanderies, under the nominal control of Wei  In 242, Dongcheon attacked a Chinese fortress near the mouth of the Amnok River leading to the Goguryeo–Wei War; in 244, Wei invaded Goguryeo and sacked Hwando Goguryeo ended China's presence on the Korean peninsula by conquering the Lelang commandery in 313  However, Goguryeo faced opposition by the proto-Mongol Xianbei who had conquered northern China; the Murong clan of the Xianbei attacked Goguryeo and sacked Hwando in 341, capturing thousands of prisoners to provide cheap labor  The Xianbei also devastated Buyeo in 346, accelerating Buyeo migration to the Korean peninsula
Context 3: Passage 1:
Jerry A  Johnson
Jerry A  Johnson is the former President of the National Religious Broadcasters  He became president of NRB on November 1, 2013, succeeding Frank Wright  Before accepting that post, he was President of Criswell College, and former dean of academics at Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary   He also held several positions during 14 years at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary  From 2013 to 2014 he served as Chairman of the Nominating Committee of the Southern Baptist Convention 
Passage 2:
Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary
Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (MBTS) is a Private Baptist seminary in Kansas City, Missouri  It is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention  Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary also houses an undergraduate college, Spurgeon College (formerly known as Midwestern College) 

History
Midwestern Seminary was officially founded on May 29, 1957, when the Southern Baptist Convention voted to establish the institution and elected a board of trustees  Since that time, the trustees have been regularly and exclusively elected by the Southern Baptist Convention  Under the leadership of the original board of trustees, the seminary was established in 1958 in northern Kansas City, Missouri, with six faculty members and 136 students  Most of the property on which the seminary is housed was donated by the Vivion family; the Vivion farmhouse has been restored and is now the official residence of the seminary's presidential family Doctrinally, MBTS is guided by the Baptist Faith and Message 2000  Every member of the faculty and administration is required to sign a statement agreeing to the precepts of this document  While students are required to be Christians, they are not required to affirm the Baptist Faith and Message 2000  The purpose statement of Midwestern Seminary was revised in 2008 to read, "Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary serves the church by biblically educating God-called men and women to be and to make disciples of Jesus Christ "
Jason K  Allen was installed as president in 2012 and began revitalization  The seminary almost tripled in size in the next five years, becoming one of the fastest-growing seminaries in North America and one of the largest in the world  Enrollment has nearly tripled in five years, from 1,107 in the 2010–2011 academic year to surpassing 3,000 students in 2017–2018 The seminary was granted an exception to Title IX in 2016 which allows it to legally discriminate against LGBT students for religious reasons 

Campus
Midwestern Seminary is located in Kansas City, Missouri, at the intersection of Vivion Rd  and N  Oak Trafficway, a few minutes from downtown  A new 1,000 seat auditorium, The Daniel Lee Chapel, was dedicated in April 2014  Other recent improvements to the campus include the O S  Hawkins Courtyard and the Charles Spurgeon Library 
The campus includes dormitory and apartment buildings for residential students, playground and picnic areas, a modest fishing pond, and over 220 acres of woods  The Sword & Trowel Bookstore is also located on campus 
In 2016, the seminary announced plans to build a new Student Center on the north slope of the campus, using a $7 million lead gift by the Mathena family of Oklahoma City  Construction on this project—which includes a gymnasium, fitness center, faculty offices, cafeteria, coffee shop, bookstore, and expanded study center, and which includes exterior plans for sports fields—concluded in 2018  The 40,000 square foot center opened for the Fall 2018 semester 

The Spurgeon Center and Library
The Spurgeon Library houses the remaining personal collection of Charles Spurgeon, which Midwestern Seminary acquired from William Jewell College in 2006  The dedication of the library took place in October 2015, and the Seminary is now working to digitize the collection and publish new volumes of previously undiscovered sermons  Geoff Chang serves as the curator of the collection, which also includes artifacts from Spurgeon's life and ministry, among them his personal writing desk, travel kit, and the metalwork from his study door  The library interior is appointed in academic "Oxford style" and includes portraits highlighting the life of Spurgeon commissioned by Christian T  George and Midwestern Seminary of the Romanian artist Petru Botezatu 

For The Church
Since Allen's installation as president of Midwestern Seminary, the institution has emphasized "For The Church" as its vision statement for academic and institutional renewal, seeking to re-connect the purpose of theological education to the support and strengthening of local churches  This vision has been manifested in numerous events and resources, including Midwestern's website For The Church and the annual For The Church national conference held in Kansas City, which has featured internationally renowned speakers Matt Chandler, H B  Charles Jr , Russell Moore, David Platt, and Ray Ortlund Jr 

Academics
MBTS is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS) and the Higher Learning Commission (HLC)  The seminary is accredited to offer several master's degrees that are generally classified as Master of Divinity (M Div ) and Master of Arts  Midwestern also offers an MTS (Master of Theological Studies) degree and a Graduate Certificate in Christian Foundations for Lay Ministers 
At the doctoral level, MBTS offers professional doctorates: Doctor of Ministry (D Min ), Doctor of Educational Ministry (D Ed Min ), and a research doctorate Doctor of Philosophy in Biblical Studies  The seminary also has a Korean language track for its Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Educational Ministry, Doctor of Education, and Doctor of Ministry degrees and a Spanish language track for its Doctor of Ministry degree 
Spurgeon College offers a variety of undergraduate degrees in ministry, missions, and theology, as well as degrees in leadership, counseling psychology, and philosophy  Through the Accelerate program undergrads may earn both a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Divinity degree simultaneously in a rigorous five-year course of study  Associate degrees are also available through the college  Undergrad students interested in pursuing a call to mission work may also participate in Midwestern's Fusion program, a training cohort partially funded by the International Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention which includes cultural studies, physical training, and stints overseas to better prepare future missionaries for the realities of their work 
Since 2010, Midwestern Seminary offers both graduate and undergraduate degrees entirely online, through the Online You program  Available degrees include the standard M Div , MTS, and BA, with select concentrations available as well 
Most recently, Midwestern has provided incentives for residential education, including the Timothy Track, which partners M Div students with local churches to serve in internship programs, and The Residency, a contextual component of the standard doctoral program that facilitates immediate application of academic training 

Notable faculty
Andreas Köstenberger
Passage 3:
Temple Baptist Seminary
Temple Baptist Seminary is the graduate school of Christian theology of Piedmont International University  Originally established as "Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary" in Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1948, the name was changed to Temple Baptist Theological Seminary five years later, after the Southern Baptist Convention founded its own Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary  The seminary became a part of Piedmont when its parent school, Tennessee Temple University, merged with it in 2015 
Temple Baptist Seminary was accredited in 2000 as part of Tennessee Temple University's Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS) accreditation  Prior to that it was accredited by the American Association of Bible Colleges (now known as ABHE)  Both ABHE and TRACS are accreditors recognized by the US Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation 

History
On July 3, 1946, Highland Park Baptist Church, under the leadership of the pastor, Lee Roberson, voted to establish Tennessee Temple College (now University)  Then, recognizing the lack of sound Biblical training in the majority of the seminaries, Roberson led the church in establishing Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary on January 26, 1948  Roberson served as president, and Alfred Cierpke as dean  Five years later, the name was changed to Temple Baptist Theological Seminary since the Southern Baptist Convention founded a seminary by the former name  Since 1985, the institution has been known as Temple Baptist Seminary  In 1962, Douglas Cravens assumed the position of dean 
With the assumption of the presidency of the university and seminary by J  Don Jennings in 1985, Roger Martin was named dean 
In June 1993, the university and the seminary were restructured, placing each under the supervision of a separate Board of Trustees and administrative leadership, while maintaining the identity of each as owned by and a ministry of Highland Park Baptist Church  With respect to the seminary, Lee Roberson was reappointed chancellor, David E  Bouler, who had been the senior pastor of Highland Park Baptist Church since August 4, 1991, was named vice-chancellor and Barkev S  Trachian was elected president  The seminary charter was amended in August 1993, to make the name Temple Baptist Seminary official 
April 2005 saw the university and seminary restructured a second time, reuniting the two under the supervision of a single Board of Trustees and the administration of J  Danny Lovett, the seventh president of Tennessee Temple University, with Temple Baptist Seminary re-establishing itself as the premier graduate division as originally envisioned by the founder, Lee Roberson  This restructure was confirmed in late November 2005 by the university's and seminary's accrediting agency  Fixed firmly to its foundations, Temple Baptist Seminary is committed to training qualified candidates for dynamic leadership in Bible-believing churches and related field ministries, to shaping His shepherds, and to developing disciples with the unchanging Word of God on a global scale 
From the outset, the seminary has been committed to upholding the biblical faith historically believed by Baptists  In addition there has been a strong emphasis upon Bible teaching, Christian education, evangelism, and ministry endeavor  With the theme "Preparing for Leadership," TBS continues to expand its efforts to equip both church leaders and laypersons for the work of the ministry  In recent years, a program of winter and summer modular classes has been initiated  This program has become very popular with both resident and out-of-town students  Nearly all Temple Baptist Seminary's courses are available on-line, enabling studies anywhere worldwide!
Temple Baptist Seminary has matriculated students from almost every state and from many foreign countries  Many graduates have distinguished themselves as pastors, military and civilian chaplains, teachers, educators, missionaries, and evangelists 
As of January 2012, Steve Echols assumed the leadership role as president of Tennessee Temple University  He brings a vast array of experience and proven leadership in both academic and ministerial areas  In 2012, TTU realigned its academic programs into three colleges of schools  The Seminary became a part of the School of Theology and Ministry  Also in September 2012, Highland Park Baptist Church announced its visions to relocate to Harrison, TN and change its name to Church of the Highlands  During this transition, changes to the TTU by-laws were unanimously ratified by both the Board of Trustees of TTU and the deacon body of the Church of the Highlands  These by-law changes have ended the formal relationship between the two entities  Yet the heritage of Highland Park Baptist Church will remain an essential part of the lasting legacy of TTU 
At the 2013 Tennessee Baptist Convention Annual Meeting, TTU had a booth for the first time in the history of our school  It was a wonderful success resulting in many important contacts and connections being made with Tennessee Baptists  "Even more importantly", TTU President Steve Echols stated, "I am rejoicing over a historic moment for Tennessee Temple University " During the session, the Tennessee Baptist Convention Messengers unanimously adopted a resolution of support which "affirms the actions of Tennessee Temple University (in Chattanooga) in embracing Southern Baptist doctrine and Tennessee Baptist life "  In 2013, Howard D  Owens became the Interim Dean of the School of Theology and Ministry, under the presidency of Steven F  Echols 
Passage 4:
Russell D  Moore
Russell D  Moore (born 9 October 1971) is an American theologian, ethicist, and preacher  In June 2021, he became the director of the Public Theology Project at Christianity Today, and on August 4, 2022, was announced as the magazine's incoming Editor-in-Chief Moore previously served as president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, the public-policy arm of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), and at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, as dean of the School of Theology, senior vice president for academic administration, and as professor of theology and ethics 

Early life and education
Moore was born and raised in the coastal town of Biloxi, Mississippi, the eldest son of Gary and Renee Moore  His grandfather was a Baptist preacher, and his grandmother was Roman Catholic  He earned a B S  in political science and history from the University of Southern Mississippi, an M Div  in biblical studies from New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, and a Ph D  in systematic theology from the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary 

Ministry
Moore served as associate pastor of Bay Vista Baptist Church in Biloxi, where he was ordained to gospel ministry In 2001, Moore was appointed to the faculty of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary  As Professor of Christian Theology and Ethics, Moore was responsible for teaching across a spectrum of topics including systematic theology, Christian ethics, church life, pastoral ministry, and cultural engagement  In addition to his role on the faculty, he also served as Executive Director of the Carl F  H  Henry Institute for Evangelical Engagement from 2001 to 2009  In 2004, Moore was named Dean of the School of Theology and Senior Vice President for Academic Administration   In this role, in addition to his regular teaching and lecturing, Moore served as the chief academic officer of the seminary, responsible for all curriculum and the administration of the seminary  Beyond these roles, Moore served as Executive Editor of The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology, and has served as Senior Editor for Touchstone Magazine and as Chairman of the Board for the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 
In 2008, he became pastor at Highview Baptist Church in Louisville, Kentucky until 2012  More broadly, Moore has served extensively within the Southern Baptist Convention, as chairman and four-time member of the Resolutions committee, as a member of the Ethics and Public Affairs Committee of the Kentucky Baptist Convention, and as a regular correspondent and columnist for Baptist Press 

ERLC Presidency
On June 1, 2013, Moore became President of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, the Southern Baptist Convention's official entity assigned to address social, moral, and ethical concerns  In this role, Moore led the organization, which maintains offices in both Nashville and Washington, D C  in their advocacy efforts—addressing especially the issues of religious liberty, human dignity, family stability, and civil society 
Moore believes marriage is a union between a man and a woman  He accepted an invitation from Pope Francis to attend a Colloquium on Marriage at the Vatican, where he spoke on 18 November 2014 In 2014, Moore commented on gay conversion therapy, saying, "The utopian idea if you come to Christ and if you go through our program, you're going to be immediately set free from attraction or anything you're struggling with, I don't think that's a Christian idea  Faithfulness to Christ means obedience to Christ  It does not necessarily mean that someone's attractions are going to change " He added, "The Bible doesn't promise us freedom from temptation  The Bible promises us the power of the spirit to walk through temptation " Moore also said at that time that the Southern Baptists' Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission was working with parents of those who are gay and lesbian, adding, "The response is not shunning, putting them out on the street  The answer is loving your child "Moore's vocal criticism of then-candidate Donald Trump during the 2016 election season drew a backlash from fellow Southern Baptists, triggering a crisis in which more than 100 churches threatened to withdraw donations to the denomination's Cooperative Program in protest of Moore's stances and leading to calls for his resignation  After Moore issued statements of apology in December 2016 and March 2017 for "using words… that were at times overly broad or unnecessarily harsh," Southern Baptist leaders affirmed their support for his leadership and he remained in his post Moore resigned from the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission at the end of his term as president  He left the Southern Baptist Convention as well soon afterward; on June 1, 2021; Immanuel Nashville, an nondenominational church, thus unaffiliated with the SBC, announced Moore had joined its staff as a pastor in residence 

Christianity Today
Following his departure from the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, Moore was hired as a public theologian for the magazine Christianity Today  In 2022, he was named Christianity Today's Editor in Chief 

Personal views
Moore has spoken out against the display of the Confederate flag; in 2015, two days after the Charleston church shooting (in which nine black churchgoers were murdered in a hate crime), Moore wrote: "The cross and the Confederate flag cannot co-exist without one setting the other on fire  White Christians, let's listen to our African-American brothers and sisters  Let's care not just about our own history, but also about our shared history with them " Moore also condemned the 2017 white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia 

Nationalism and the Syrian refugee crisis
In 2015, during the Syrian refugee crisis, Moore wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post calling upon evangelical Christians to support refugee resettlement   Moore criticized those who "demagogue the issue" and wrote: "evangelical Christians cannot be the people who turn our back on our mission field  We should be the ones calling the rest of the world to remember the image of God and inalienable human dignity, of persecuted people whether Christian, Jewish, Muslim or Yazidi, especially those fleeing from genocidal Islamic terrorists " Moore wrote that security and compassion are compatible  In a subsequent interview, Moore sharply criticized leading Republican presidential candidates Donald Trump and Ted Cruz, stating that Trump's proposal to shut down mosques in the U S  was a threat to religious liberty and that Cruz's proposal to impose a religious test for refugees would "penalize innocent women and children who are fleeing from murderous barbarians simply because they're not Christians "

Theological views
Moore writes from the perspective of a Baptist who affirms the inerrancy of scripture and a complementarian position on gender roles, believes in a literal hell, and is a Calvinist He works in the area of Christian eschatology, highlighting the kingdom of God as the center of theology and ethics  Moore believes in an "inaugurated eschatology" in which the Kingdom of God is "already" and "not yet " Consistent with this position, he sees Jesus Christ as the full inheritor of God's promises to Israel, and that the church receives the benefits of this as it is "in" Christ  Moore emphasizes the kingdom as a spiritual warfare uprooting the demonic powers, an emphasis that shows up not only in his works on the kingdom and on temptation but also in his writings on, for example, orphan care Moore has written about issues of ethics and religious liberty  In his early work, he argued for the early Baptist commitment to religious liberty represented by such figures as Isaac Backus, John Leland, and Jeremiah Moore, over against those who would articulate a more secularist understanding of the separation of church and state In ethics, Moore stands within the Christian Democracy stream of communitarianism, calling for a Christian demonstration of ethical transformation within the church as the initial manifestation of the kingdom  Heavily influenced by the Dutch Neo-Calvinist theologian Abraham Kuyper and the early American Neo-Evangelical theologian Carl F  H  Henry, Moore articulates a conservative evangelical call for justice for the vulnerable, including care for widows, orphans, the unborn, the disabled, the elderly, and the undocumented He has called on evangelicals, especially Southern Baptists, to embrace racial reconciliation as a witness 

Political background and involvement
In the early 1990s, prior to entering the ministry, Moore was an aide to U S  Representative Gene Taylor of Mississippi, a Democrat who later switched political parties and joined the Republican Party in 2014 In 2016, Moore became a leading critic of then-presidential candidate Donald Trump  Moore asserted that in the event of a presidential election contest between Trump and Hillary Clinton, Christians should vote for "a conservative independent or third-party candidate " Moore stated that he could not support the former because he "stirs up racial animosity" and could not support the latter for her support of abortion  Writing in  National Review in January 2016, Moore wrote that a Trump presidency would endanger the goals of the Manhattan Declaration; criticized Trump's involvement in the casino industry and past support for abortion rights; and argued that "Trump's vitriolic — and often racist and sexist — language about immigrants, women, the disabled, and others ought to concern anyone who believes that all persons, not just the 'winners' of the moment, are created in God's image "

Personal life
On May 27, 1994, Moore married Maria Hanna Moore  Having adopted their first two sons from a Russian orphanage, Moore has written and spoken extensively on the topic of adoption from a Christian perspective, including his book Adopted for Life: The Priority of Adoption for Christian Families and Churches  They also have three biological sons 

Recognition
In 2015, his book, Onward: Engaging the Culture Without Losing the Gospel, received the "Beautiful Orthodoxy Book of the Year" award from Christianity Today In 2016, he was named alumnus of the year by the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary 

Select bibliography
Books authored
Moore, Russell D  (2004)  The Kingdom of Christ: The New Evangelical Perspective  Crossway 
——— (2009)  Adopted for Life: The Priority of Adoption for Christian Families and Churches  Crossway 
——— (2011)  Tempted and Tried: Temptation and the Triumph of Christ  Crossway 
——— (2015)  Onward: Engaging the Culture Without Losing the Gospel  Broadman & Holman  ISBN 978-1-43368617-7 
——— (2016)  The Christ-Shaped Marriage: Love, Fidelity, and the Gospel  Broadman & Holman  ISBN 978-1-43367912-4 
——— (2018)  The Storm-Tossed Family: How the Cross Reshapes the Home  B&H Books  ISBN 978-1462794805 
——— (2020)  The Courage to Stand: Facing Your Fear without Losing Your Soul  B&H Books  ISBN 978-1535998536 

Books edited
———; Nettles, Tom J , eds  (2001)  Why I am a Baptist  Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing  ISBN 978-0-80542426-3  OCLC 45861873 
———, ed  (2012)  A Guide to Adoption and Orphan Care  SBTS Press 
Passage 5:
Ethics &amp; Religious Liberty Commission
The Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission (ERLC) is the public policy arm of the Southern Baptist Convention, the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States, with over 16 million members in over 43,000 independent churches  President Russell D  Moore left office on June 1, 2021  Brent Leatherwood was unanimously voted in by the board of trustees to be the next ERLC president on Sept  13, 2022   The commission is headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee, with additional offices in Washington, D C , and Cyprus 

History
Formerly known as the Christian Life Commission (1953–1997), the entity with organizational predecessors dating back to 1907 received its current name in the course of a broad reorganization of multiple Southern Baptist entities in 1997 (Sutton, p 335)   The Southern Baptist Convention  terminated its participation with the Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty in 1992 (Sutton, p  300) due to conflicts over separation of church and state and whether Baptist organizations should play a role in partisan politics  It was led by Richard Land from 1988 to 2013  Land announced his intention to retire effective October 23, 2013, after the uproar that ensued from his controversial comments about the Trayvon Martin case that resulted in an official reprimand by the ERLC's executive committee  Russell D  Moore filled the post afterwards  Moore is an outspoken critic of then-Republican Presidential candidate, Donald Trump  His criticism of Trump has been controversial with several Southern Baptist leaders The stated vision of the ERLC is an organization "dedicated to engaging the culture with the gospel of Jesus Christ and speaking to issues in the public square for the protection of religious liberty and human flourishing  Our vision can be summed up in three words: kingdom, culture and mission  Since its inception, the ERLC has been defined around a holistic vision of the kingdom of God, leading the culture to change within the church itself and then as the church addresses the world "At the Convention's 2018 annual meeting, a motion to defund the ERLC was rejected 

Activities
The agency has many ministries to carry out its stated missions, including voter registration, a think tank called the Research Institute, and the Psalm 139 Project, which donates sonogram machines to crisis pregnancy centers ERLC is involved in legislative advocacy  Its achievements include:

The Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA)
The Sudan Peace Act of 2002
The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA)
The North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004The ERLC campaigned unsuccessfully against the 2022 passage of the Respect for Marriage Act, arguing that its gender-neutral definition of marriage contradicted the Bible, and claiming that it is a threat to religious freedom 

Leadership history
See also
Southern Baptist Convention conservative resurgence
Passage 6:
Trillia Newbell
Trillia Newbell is the Director of Community Outreach for the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention 

Publications and career
She is the author of United: Captured by God’s Vision for Diversity (2014), Fear and Faith: Finding the Peace Your Heart Craves (2015), Enjoy: Finding the Freedom to Delight Daily in God’s Good Gifts (2016) and God's Very Good Idea: The True Story About God's Delightfully Different Family (2017) In addition to her writing and the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission, Newbell gives speeches at churches, universities, conventions, and conferences  She has written for newspapers, magazines, and online publications, including the Knoxville News Sentinel, The Gospel Coalition, Ligonier Ministries, Desiring God, Christianity Today, and the online blog of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission  Newbell is the founder and former managing editor of the Women of God Magazine, a defunct online publication 

Personal life
She lives in Nashville, Tennessee with her husband and two children 
Passage 7:
Benjamin L  Merkle
Benjamin Lee Merkle (born 1971) is an American New Testament scholar  He is Associate Professor of New Testament and Greek at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary  Merkle studied at Kuyper College, Westminster Seminary California, and Southern Baptist Theological Seminary  He served as Professor of New Testament at Malaysia Baptist Theological Seminary before coming to SEBTS Merkle specializes in the issue of eldership, and has written The Elder and Overseer:  One Office in the Early Church (2003), 40 Questions about Elders and Deacons (2008), and  Why Elders? A Biblical and Practical Guide for Church Members (2009)  He argues that elders and bishops are the same in the New Testament and "normally function in plurality in a local church "Merkle also argues for gender distinctions on the basis of 1 Corinthians 11 

Works
Books
Merkle, Benjamin L  (2003)  The Elder and Overseer: one office in the early church  Studies in biblical literature  Vol  57  New York: Peter Lang  ISBN 9780820462349  OCLC 50192542 
——— (2008)  40 Questions about Elders and Deacons  Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications  ISBN 9780825433641  OCLC 172980402 
——— (2009)  Why elders? : a biblical and practical guide for church members  Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications



ground_truth: Baron of Holberg

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which is in the pop genre, Capital Cities or Tweaker?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  Goguryeo, though temporarily weakened, would soon recoup and continue its expansion 

Gallery
Passage 5:
Premio Lo Nuestro 2003
Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 was the 15th anniversary of the awards  the show was hosted by Mexican presenters Marco Antonio Regil and Adal Ramones  Juanes, Thalía, Marc Anthony, Pilar Montenegro, Sin Bandera, Banda el Recodo and other Latin music greats gave electrifying performances  In the show, there was 36 awards winners with 135 nominations  In Pop genre, Awards was given for : Album of the Year, Best Male Artist, Best Female Artist, Best Group or duo, Best New Artist and Song of the Year  In Rock Genre : Best Rock Album and Best rock Performer of the Year  In Tropical genre : Best Tropical Album of the Year, Best Tropical Male Artist, Best Tropical Female Artist, Best Tropical Group or Duo of the Year, Best Tropical New Artist, Tropical Song of the Year, Best Merengue Performance, Best Salsa Performance and Best Traditional Performance  Juanes was the biggest winner of night, took home four awards Best Pop Male Artist, Best Music Video, Best Rock Performance, and Pop Song of the Year   In the Regional Mexican, Pilar Montenegro took three awards for Regional Mexican Song of the Year, Pop Song of the Year ("Quitame Ese Hombre"), and for Best Regional Mexican Female Artist  In the tropical genre, Celia Cruz took home with four great awards of the night for Best Salsa Performance, Best Tropical Female Artist, Best Tropical Song of the year and Tropical Album of the Year  At the night, the greatest performance was a medley of top Latin hits from the last 15 years, performed by the artists that made them famous, including Vikki Carr, Son by Four, Los Ilegales, La Mafia, Luis Enrique, Wilfrido Vargas and Olga Tañón  There was a great tribute to Celia Cruz by the world-famous salsa group "Fania All-Stars", of which Cruz was a member during the 1970s, reunited for an exclusive performance that rocked the house 

Nominees and winners
Special awards
Excellence Award: Luis Miguel
Premio del Pueblo (People's Choice):
Pop: Thalía
Rock: Shakira
Tropical: Marc Anthony
Regional/Mexican: Vicente Fernández
Urban: El General

Pop category
Rock category
Tropical category
Regional Mexican category
Urban category
Popular award
Passage 6:
Safe and Sound (Capital Cities song)
"Safe and Sound" is a song by American indie pop duo Capital Cities, written and produced by band members Ryan Merchant and Sebu Simonian  The song was released as a single on January 6, 2011, and first appeared on their debut EP Capital Cities (2011), later serving as the lead single from their debut studio album, In a Tidal Wave of Mystery (2013)  "Safe and Sound" became the duo's breakout hit, peaking at number eight on the United States Billboard Hot 100 and achieving commercial success in several other territories  Three music videos were produced for the single, with the third video, directed by Grady Hall and set in the Los Angeles Theatre, later being nominated for Best Music Video at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards  It is the theme song for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League 

Background and composition
"Safe and Sound" is a synth-pop, dance-pop and alternative rock song, and was written and produced by Capital Cities members Ryan Merchant and Sebu Simonian  It features a prominent trumpet line, which was only incorporated into its production after eight previous takes of the song 

Music videos
The first music video for "Safe and Sound" was self-produced and edited by the band and uploaded to their official YouTube account on February 24, 2011  It features alternating historical film clips of dancing and war from the last century generally arranged in chronological order  Another video, directed by Jimmy Ahlander, was released on October 21, depicting the duo being led through a junkyard by a monk The third and most well-known video for the song was directed by Grady Hall and released on April 25, 2013  The video is set in the Los Angeles Theatre and depicts Capital Cities performing on stage as dancers of all types (1940s swing dancers, 1970s roller-disco skaters, 1990s hip-hop dancers, etc ) emerge from pictures on the wall and film clips from different time periods in the theater's history come to life and compete in dance-offs  It received a nomination in the Best Music Video category at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards 

Cover versions and in other media
On November 7, 2013, the song was performed by Team Adam (consisted of Tessanne Chin, James Wolpert, Will Champlin, Grey and Preston Pohl) from the fifth season of the series, The Voice Zendaya, Kina Grannis, Kurt Hugo Schneider and Max Schneider (not related) released a cover of the song on March 31, 2014, used for a Coca-Cola commercial  Actual Coca-Cola bottles served as instruments in the version Air New Zealand have used the song in their in-flight safety video for 2014, while the Barcelona's Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) has used it in its dance video to raise awareness and support for research into diseases such as cancer and metastasis, Alzheimer's and diabetes The song was featured as the background music for the 2014 model year Mazda3 vehicles  The music video featured prominent figures Bruce Lee, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Jackie Robinson to promote the all new features, including the "kodo" design Mazda has introduced post-Ford ownership of the company 
The song is briefly played at a party scene in the beginning of the 2015 film Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip 
McDonald's has used the song in 2020 in McDonald's Australia promotion for the return of the McRib® & El Maco® as part of the that year’s summer menu Beginning in July 2021, the song was used in an advertising campaign for ADT Home Security titled “It’s Safe To Say”, which featured Drew and Jonathan Scott from the HGTV series “Property Brothers” 

Commercial performance
"Safe and Sound" first gained commercial success in Germany following its use in a Vodafone commercial, later topping the German Media Control singles chart  A sleeper hit, it peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 2013, over two-and-a-half years after its initial release  It has sold over two million copies in the United States as of January 2014  It also reached #2 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart  In the United Kingdom, the single was added to the BBC Radio 2 playlist on August 31, 2013; following its official single release in the country the following month, it peaked at number 42 on the UK Singles Chart 

Awards and nominations
Track listing
Charts
Certifications
Release history
Passage 7:
Institutional Investor (magazine)
Institutional Investor magazine is a periodical published by Euromoney Institutional Investor  It was founded in 1967 by Gilbert E  Kaplan  A separate international edition of the magazine was established in 1976 for readers in Europe and Asia 

History
Capital Cities Communications purchased the magazine in early 1984  The Walt Disney Company bought Capital Cities in 1996 and sold the magazine to Euromoney one year later  Institutional Investor has offices in New York City, London and Hong Kong  In 2018, Institutional Investor became digital only In March 2021, it was announced that Diane Alfano, the CEO of Institutional Investor, would be stepping down effective June 30, 2021  Alfano has worked at Institutional Investor since 1984  According to the announcement, her resignation comes as Euromoney, the publication's publicly-traded parent company, plans to merge Institutional Investor with sister companies BCA Research and NDR into an asset management division  As of May 2021, the CEO of the new unit is Francis Cashman 

Research and rankings
Institutional Investor publishes global research and issues rankings throughout the year that often serve as industry benchmarks  Top-line results are published in the magazine while the full details are available on institutionalinvestor com  The rankings include:

Executive teams
The All-America Executive Team
The All-Europe Executive Team
The All-Asia Executive Team (excludes Japan)
The All-Japan Executive Team
The Latin America Executive Team

Research teams
The All-America Research Team
The All-Europe Research Team
The All-Asia Research Team (excludes Japan)
The All-Japan Research Team
The All-China Research Team
The Latin America Research Team
The All-Brazil Research Team
The All-India Research Team
The All-America Fixed-Income Research Team
The All-America Research Team Rising Stars
The All-Europe Fixed-Income Research Team
America's Top Corporate Access Providers
Asia's Top Corporate Access Providers
The Emerging EMEA Research Team
Europe's Top Corporate Access Providers
Japan's Top Corporate Access Providers
Passage 8:
History of Northwest Territories capital cities
The history of Northwest Territories capital cities begins with the purchase of the Territories by Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869, and includes a varied and often difficult evolution  Northwest Territories is unique amongst the other provinces and territories of Canada in that it has had seven capital cities in its history  The territory has changed the seat of government for numerous reasons, including civil conflict, development of infrastructure, and a history of significant revisions to its territorial boundaries 
The result of these changes has been a long and complex road to responsible government  Effectively providing services and representation for the population has been a particular challenge for the Territories' government, a task often complicated by the region's vast and changing geographic area  A small number of communities in Northwest Territories have unsuccessfully tried to become the capital over the years  The territory has had the seat of government outside of its territorial boundaries twice in its history  The only other political division in Canada without a seat of government inside its own boundaries was the defunct District of Keewatin that existed from 1876 until 1905 
The term "capital" refers to cities that have served as home for the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories, the legislative branch of Northwest Territories government  In Canada, it is customary for provincial and territorial level government to have the administrative centre of the civil service in the same city as the legislative branch  The Northwest Territories, however, had separate administrative and legislative capitals officially exist between 1911 and 1967  This is the only province or territory in Canadian history to have had such an arrangement 

Fort Garry (1870–1876)
The Government of Canada purchased the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1868, under the terms of the Rupert's Land Act 1868 for £300,000 sterling  Both purchased territories were largely uninhabited, consisting mostly of uncharted wilderness  After the purchase, the Government decided to merge both of the properties into a single jurisdiction and appoint a single territorial government to run both  The purchase of the two territories added a sizable portion of the current Canadian landmass 

In 1869, Ontario Member of Parliament William McDougall was appointed as the first Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories and sent to Fort Garry to establish formal governance for Canada  Before his party arrived at the settlement, a small group led by Louis Riel intercepted him near the Ontario border and forced him to turn back because they opposed the transfer to the Canadian government  The inhabitants of the Red River Valley began the Red River Rebellion, delaying formal governance until their demands for provincial status were met The rebellion resulted in the creation of the Province of Manitoba (inclusive of Fort Garry) and a delay in establishing governance in the Territories  In 1870, the Northwest Territories and Manitoba formally entered the Canadian confederation  The two jurisdictions remained partially conjoined: under the Temporary Government Act, 1870  The Temporary North-West Council was appointed in 1872, mainly from members of the new Manitoba Legislative Assembly, with the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba serving as the leader of the territorial government  The Governor and Council were mandated to govern the Territories through the Manitoba Act and did so from outside of the Northwest Territories  Fort Garry served as the first seat of government for both jurisdictions 

The temporary government sat for the first time in 1872  It was renewed by federal legislation each year until a permanent solution for governance was decided upon  The federal government renewed the Temporary Council for the last time in 1875 and chose a new location, within the boundaries of the Northwest Territories, to form a new government  Along with the new seat of power, a new council greatly reduced in size was appointed along with a new Lieutenant Governor to specifically lead the Territories without also governing Manitoba In the 1870s, Fort Garry consisted of two distinct settlements  The first site was named Upper Fort Garry, and the secondary site was named Lower Fort Garry, 32 kilometres (20 mi) downstream on the Red River  After the territorial government moved, Fort Garry continued to be the seat of government for Manitoba, and for the now defunct District of Keewatin territory between 1876 and 1905  Fort Garry evolved to become modern-day Winnipeg, still the capital of Manitoba, with Lower Fort Garry being declared a national historical site 

Fort Livingstone (1876–1877)
The North-West Territories Act, 1875 dissolved the Temporary North-West Council and appointed a permanent government to take effect on October 7, 1876  The new council governed from Fort Livingstone, an outpost constructed west of the Manitoba border, in modern-day Saskatchewan  Fort Livingstone served as a small frontier outpost and not as a bona fide capital city   The location was chosen by the federal government as a temporary site to establish the new territorial government until the route of the railway was determined Fort Livingstone was founded in 1875 by the newly created North-West Mounted Police, the predecessor of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canada's national police force  The Swan River North-West Mounted Police Barracks, inside Fort Livingstone, became the temporary assembly building for legislative-council sessions as well as the office for the Lieutenant Governor The bulk of the police forces moved out to Fort Macleod in 1876, to crack down on the whisky trade  A year later, Lieutenant Governor David Laird moved the seat of government to Battleford  The decision was based upon the original plans of constructing the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) through Battleford Fort Livingstone continued to serve as a small outpost until being totally destroyed by a prairie grass fire in 1884  The nearest modern settlement to the original Fort Livingstone site is Pelly, Saskatchewan, four kilometres (2 5 mi) to the south  The fort is sometimes referred to as Fort Pelly or Swan River  The Fort Livingstone site is marked with a plaque as was declared a Saskatchewan provincial heritage site and contains no resident population 

Battleford (1877–1883)
The Northwest Territories government moved to Battleford in 1877 on the order of the Lieutenant Governor  Battleford was supposed to be the permanent capital of the Territories  The town was chosen because it was expected to be linked with the Canadian Pacific Railway The government in Battleford would see significant milestones towards attaining responsible government for the Northwest Territories  For the first time, the territory had democratically elected members join the appointed members in the assembly  Elections in the territory became a reality after the passage of the Northwest Territories election ordinance 1880  The first election took place in 1881, after electoral districts were created by royal proclamations, issued the order of the Lieutenant Governor  Battleford hosted the first official royal visit in western Canada, when the Marquis of Lorne and Princess Louise Caroline Alberta toured the territories in 1881 The first Northwest Territories legislature building, and residence for the Lieutenant Governor named "NWT Government House", was completed and used by the territorial government until 1883  After the government moved the building stood as a historical site until it was destroyed in a fire in 2003 After consultation with Canadian Pacific Railway officials, Lieutenant Governor Edgar Dewdney made the decision to move the capital to Regina, also in present-day Saskatchewan, in June 1882  The decision to move the capital was controversial with the public because Edgar Dewdney owned real estate in Regina  He was accused of having conflicted interests between his private affairs and the needs of the government 

Regina (1883–1905)
After Edgar Dewdney ordered that the government be moved south to meet the railway in Regina, it was confirmed as the new territorial capital on March 27, 1883  Construction of a new legislature began  In Regina, the government continued to grow as the size of the settlement increased rapidly  The legislature had the most sitting members in Northwest Territories history after the fifth general election in 1902 The government in Regina struggled to deliver services to the vast territory  The influx of settlers and responsibility for the Klondike, as well as constant fighting with the federal government over limited legislative powers and minimal revenue collection, hampered the effectiveness of government  The government during this period slowly released powers to the elected members  In 1897, after control of the executive council was ceded to elected members from the Lieutenant-Governors, a short-lived period of party politics evolved that challenged the consensus model of government that had been used since 1870 

The territorial government under the leadership of Premier Frederick Haultain struck a deal with the federal Government of Canada in early 1905 to bring provincial powers to the territories  This led to the creation of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta from the southernmost and most populous areas of the territory  The Northwest Territories, reduced to its northern, lightly populated hinterland, continued to exist under the 1870s constitutional status under control of the federal government  A new council was convened in Ottawa, Ontario, to deal with the region The Territorial Administration Building was declared a historical site by the Saskatchewan government after it was restored by the Saskatchewan Government in 1979, the building remains standing to this day  The territorial government would not have another permanent legislature of its own design until 1993  After 1905, Regina continued to serve as capital for the province of Saskatchewan 

Ottawa (1905–1967)
In 1905, under the direction of Wilfrid Laurier, the Northwest Territories seat of government was moved to Ottawa, Ontario, the capital of Canada  This change was made when Northwest Territories defaulted back to the 1870 constitutional status after Alberta and Saskatchewan were sectioned off from the territory on September 1, 1905  After the populated regions of the territory were made into their own jurisdictions, there were very few settlements left in the territory with any significant population or infrastructure  The non-Inuit population was estimated to total around 1,000  Inuit were not counted at the time because they had no status under Canadian law, and were not yet settled in towns or villages In the period without a sitting council from 1905 to 1921, the government of the Territories was small but still active  A small civil service force was sent to Fort Smith to set the town up as the new administrative capital in 1911  A budget to provide minimal services was still given by the federal government  Commissioner Frederick D  White administered the territories day-to-day operations during that period  During this 16-year lapse in legislative government, no new laws were created, and the Territories and its population were severely neglected even with the services provided at the time The first session of the new council was called to order in 1921, a full 16 years after the government was dissolved in Regina  This new government contained no serving member who was resident in the Territories  The council during this period was primarily composed of high-level civil servants who lived and worked in Ottawa   The first person to sit on the council since 1905 who actually resided from within the Territories was John G  McNiven who was appointed in 1947 The Ottawa-based council eventually grew sensitive to the needs of the territory residents  Democracy returned to the territories in the sixth general election in 1951  After the election, the council was something of a vagabond body, with alternating sittings in Ottawa, and various communities in Northwest Territories  The council held meetings in school gymnasiums, community halls, board rooms, or any suitable infrastructure  The council even transported ceremonial implements to conduct meetings with such as the speakers chair and mace  Both are traditional artifacts common to Westminster style parliaments Legislative sessions held in Ottawa were conducted in an office building on Sparks Street  The Northwest Territories government continues to hold an office in Ottawa on Sparks Street to this day  In 1965, a federal government commission was set up to determine a new home for the government and the future of the territory  The seat of government was moved back inside the territories to Yellowknife, after it was selected capital in 1967 

Fort Smith (1911–1967)
Fort Smith became the official administration and transportation hub for the Northwest Territories in 1911  This marked the first services provided by the territorial government in six years  The first services included an agent from the Department of Indian Affairs, a medical doctor, and a Royal Canadian Mounted Police station Fort Smith was chosen to house the civil service because of its geographical location and state of development  The community was one of the few that had steamboat service from the railheads in Alberta and access to the vast waterways in the territory  The community was the easiest for the government to access, and the most well developed community, closest to Ottawa Fort Smith housed the civil service working in the Territories officially until 1967  The town continued to host the civil service for many years after Yellowknife was picked as capital, because the infrastructure was not yet in place in the new capital city at the time 

Carrothers Commission (1965-1967)
The "Advisory Commission on the Development of Government in the Northwest Territories", commonly called the Carrothers Commission for its chair, Alfred Carrothers, was struck by the Government of Canada in 1965  The Carrothers Commission marked a significant turning point in modern Northwest Territories history  The Carrothers Commission was tasked to evaluate and recommend changes to the Northwest Territories to deal with an array of outstanding issues regarding self-government in the north  One of the more visible and lasting effects of the Carrothers Commission was to choose a new capital city for the territorial government The Carrothers Commission, for the first time, gave some voice to residents in the Northwest Territories through extensive consultations with the territorial population   In prior years, the decision to change the seat of government had always been made without consulting Northwest Territories residents  Edgar Dewdney, for example, who made the decision to change the capital from Battleford to Regina, faced controversy because he owned property in Regina  After the territorial government moved to Ottawa, the government was often resented for being so far away The Carrothers Commission spent two years visiting nearly every community in the territory and consulting with residents, community leaders, business people, and territorial politicians  The Carrothers Commission investigated and considered five communities for the capital: Hay River, Fort Simpson, Fort Smith, Inuvik and Yellowknife 
Many people in the Northwest Territories believed that Fort Smith would win since it already housed the Territories' civil service 

Yellowknife (1967–present)
Yellowknife officially became the capital on September 18, 1967, after the Carrothers commission chose it for its central location, transportation links, industrial base and residents' preferences Yellowknife, in 1967, was not yet ready to serve as home for the government  During the years that it took for the capital's infrastructure to slowly develop, most of the civil service remained in Fort Smith for many years and the governing Council continued its practice of holding legislative sessions all over the territory for a number of years The Northwest Territories marked a new era when the legislative council moved into a newly constructed legislature building on November 17, 1993  The new legislature was the first building built specifically for the Northwest Territories government since the government sat in Regina 88 years earlier  The legislature building was constructed to feature themes derived from the Inuit culture, which signaled that the government was sensitive to the ethnicity of the resident population The modern day territorial government has matured in Yellowknife to become effective and responsible  The government in Yellowknife had largely gained back its powers on par with the pre-1905 government that was dissolved during creation of Alberta and Saskatchewan  The civil service has been effectively consolidated into the city of Yellowknife; and has gained control over administering its own elections from Elections Canada  Education is now under the jurisdiction of the territorial government and the territory has most powers afforded to the rest of the provinces  There has even talk by the Federal government of the territories gaining provincial status in the future 

Lessons learned for Nunavut capital (1995 vote)
As chronicled above, all seven capitals throughout the history of the Northwest Territories were chosen by some form of external government decision, though the Carrothers Commission did consult with the territorial population to guide its decision 
After the selection of Yellowknife as the capital in 1967, many residents in the eastern Arctic continued to feel unrepresented by the territorial government, and many movements and groups were formed to remedy the situation   Lessons had been learned from the historical changes in the Northwest Territories' seat of power, resulting in a number of territorial democratic processes leading to the creation of the new territory of Nunavut in 1999, formed from the eastern half of the Northwest Territories 
In 1976, as part of the land claims negotiations between the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami population and the Government of Canada, the parties discussed division of the Northwest Territories to provide a separate territory for the Inuit  In 1982, a plebiscite on division was held throughout the Northwest Territories, in which a majority of the residents voted in favour of division The land claims agreement was completed in September 1992 and ratified by a majority of voters  On July 9, 1993, the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act and the Nunavut Act were passed by the Canadian Parliament 
In December, 1995, the Nunavut capital plebiscite was held, and the voters in the future Nunavut territory chose Iqaluit as their capital city, defeating Rankin Inlet  Iqaluit became the official capital on April 1, 1999, when Nunavut separated from the Northwest Territories 

See also
Commissioners of the Northwest Territories
List of Northwest Territories general elections
List of premiers of the Northwest Territories
List of Northwest Territories Legislative Assemblies
Passage 9:
Tweaker (band)
Tweaker is an American alternative rock collaboration project band founded by Chris Vrenna in the late 1990s  Tweaker's musical style incorporates synthpop, progressive rock, modern jazz and electronica genres, and is characterized by a generally melancholy and somber sound with matching artwork 

History
The album The Attraction to All Things Uncertain was Vrenna's "solo" debut and it was not until the follow-up album, 2 a m  Wakeup Call, that Clint Walsh was announced as a permanent fixture to the band  While Vrenna and Walsh supply most instruments and electronics, many other musicians contributed to Tweaker's performances and recordings, including Robert Smith, David Sylvian, Burton C  Bell, Craig Wedren, Will Oldham, Hamilton Leithauser, Buzz Osborne, Jonathan Bates and Johnny Marr  The subsequent albums followed a preset central theme 
Tweaker wrote and performed the theme music to Doom 3, of which the theme song was released via the band's website  The rest of the soundtrack is accessible from the game's files  Tweaker also composed the theme music for the animated television show Xiaolin Showdown  Unlike the band's usual synthpop, shoegaze, modern jazz, Dark Ambient and industrial sound, the Doom 3 theme was mainly heavy metal 
In 2004, Tweaker opened for Skinny Puppy on select dates with a full live band, consisting of Chris Vrenna (drums, percussion and keyboard), Clint Walsh (guitar and keyboard), William Faith (bass guitar) and Nick Young (vocals)  They performed everything live (i e , no pre-recorded tape), although they did have to alter some of their songs to fit the live format — the most extreme case being a completely revamped rock version of "Microsize Boy"   The final performance on the tour was at QuakeCon 2005 in Dallas, TX 

Official members
Chris Vrenna
Clint Walsh

Discography
Studio albums
The Attraction to All Things Uncertain (September 18, 2001)
2 a m  Wakeup Call (April 20, 2004)
Call the Time Eternity (October 23, 2012)

Remix albums
And Then There's Nothing (November 26, 2013)

EPs
Linoleum (August 21, 2001)

Singles
Linoleum (2001)
Xiaolin Showdown (2003)
The Steel Box (2019)
Context 3:  ISBN 9780825433511  OCLC 320434753 
——— (2016)  Ephesians  Exegetical Guide to the Greek New Testament  Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group  ISBN 9781433676116  OCLC 929590220 
———; Plummer, Robert L  (2017)  Greek for Life: strategies for learning, retaining, and reviving New Testament Greek  Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic  ISBN 9780801093203  OCLC 961153121 

Edited by
———; Schreiner, Thomas R , eds  (2014)  Shepherding God's Flock: biblical leadership in the New Testament and beyond  Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications  ISBN 9780825442568  OCLC 881313167 
Passage 8:
Frank Stagg (theologian)
Frank Stagg (October 20, 1911 – June 2, 2001) was a Southern Baptist theologian, seminary professor, author, and pastor over a 50-year ministry career  He taught New Testament interpretation and Greek at New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary from 1945 until 1964 and at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky from 1964 until 1978  His publications, recognitions and honors earned him distinction as one of the eminent theologians of the past century  Other eminent theologians have honored him as a "Teaching Prophet "
No one   has ever taken the New Testament more seriously than Frank Stagg, who spent his entire life wrestling with it, paying the price in sweat and hours in an unrelenting quest to hear the message expressed in a language no longer spoken and directed toward a cultural context so foreign to the modern reader 

Personal
Dr  Frank Stagg was born October 20, 1911, on his grandfather's rice farm near the small community of Eunice, Louisiana  Although the family name comes from an English ancestor, the Stagg family was of French Catholic descent, commonly called Cajuns  His grandfather and his uncle were the first of the Staggs to become Evangelical Christians  His uncle became a preacher who ministered in the native "Cajun" dialect  Frank was proud of his Louisiana French heritage and of his upbringing in the home of a Baptist deacon and Sunday School teacher 
In his junior year at Louisiana College, Frank met his wife: Evelyn Owen of Ruston, Louisiana, who would become an integral part of his future endeavors  They married in 1935 and  raised three children—Ted, Bob and Ginger 

Beliefs
Counted among the "best-known progressive activists," Stagg addressed a variety of contemporary issues  These included civil rights, gender equity, Vietnam, the First Gulf War, ecumenism and aging  He also argued for the Bible's relevance  "The Bible is relevant," Stagg said  "We don't have to make it relevant " He said that the First Gulf War presented the ideal opportunity for Southern Baptists to "reassess and reject" the just war doctrine and embrace pacifism as the appropriate Christian response to all wars  He opposed Reformed points of doctrine such as predestination and other Calvinist beliefs in Southern Baptist life 

Library collection
Through the years, Dr  Stagg amassed an extensive library and wealth of knowledge and scholarship in the form of correspondence, writings, articles, speeches, commentaries, book reviews, photographs, sermon notes and even private musings  The Papers of Dr  Frank Stagg, 1938–1999 now reside at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama  The 36 feet (11 m) represent more than a half century of his life's journey and Christian pilgrimage  His collection shares prominence in the library with the manuscript collection of English theologian and preacher Charles Spurgeon 

Recognition and honors
Frank Stagg is included in various lists of distinguished twentieth century Baptist theologians: E  Y  Mullins, W  T  Connor, W  O  Carver, Frank Stagg, W  W  Stevens, Dale Moody, Dallas Roark, James Wm  McClendon, Morris Ashcraft, E  Frank Tupper, Warren McWilliams, A  J  Conyers, and Curtis Freeman  He also has been called "one of the foremost interpreters of the New Testament among Baptists in the twentieth century "At the Louisville seminary he held the prestigious James Buchanan Harrison Chair of New Testament Theology 
The Stagg-Tolbert Forum for Biblical Studies is an annual event named in his honor  It is designed to make excellence in biblical scholarship accessible to the lay person 

Education
Professional
Publications
Books
The Book of Acts: The Early Struggle for an Unhindered Gospel  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1955 
Exploring the New Testament  Nashville: Convention Press, 1961 
New Testament Theology  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1962 
Studies in Luke's Gospel  Nashville: Convention Press, 1967 
The Holy Spirit Today  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1973 
Polarities of Man's Existence in Biblical Perspective  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1973 
Woman in the World of Jesus, with Evelyn Stagg  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978 
Galatians and Romans  "Knox Preaching Guides," ed  John H  Hayes  Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1980 
The Bible Speaks on Aging  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1981 

Contributions to other books
"He that Judgeth Me " In More Southern Baptist Preaching, ed  H  C  Brown, Jr , pp  104–112  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1964 
"How I Prepare My Sermons " In More Southern Baptist Preaching, ed  H  C  Brown, Jr , pp  104–106  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1964 
"What and Where Is the Church?" In What Can You Believe? ed  David K  Alexander and C  W  Junker, pp  27–34  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1966 
"Glossolalia in the New Testament " In Glossolalia: Tongue Speaking in Biblical, Historical, and Psychological Perspective by Frank Stagg, E  Glenn Hinson, and Wayne E  Oates, pp  20–44  Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1967 
"Matthew " In The Broadman Bible Commentary, ed  Clifton J  Allen, vol  8, pp  612–653  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1969 
"Rights and Responsibilities in the Teachings of Paul " In Emerging Patterns of Rights and Responsibilities Affecting Church and State, pp  37  Washington D C : Baptist Joint Committee on Public Affairs, 1969 
"Authentic Morality and Militarism " In Proceedings of the 1970 Christian Life Commission Seminar, pp  45–50  Nashville: Christian Life Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1970 
"Explain the Ending of the Gospel of Mark, Mark 16:17-18 " In What Did the Bible Mean, ed  Claude A  Frazier, pp  122–125  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1971 
"Philippians " In The Broadman Bible Commentary, Clifton J  Allen, pp  178216  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1971 
"Playing God with Other People's Minds " In Should Preachers Play God, ed  Claude A  Frazier, pp  115–129  Independence: Independence Press, 1973 
"The English Bible " In How to Understand the Bible, by Ralph Herring, Frank Stagg, et al , pp  148–163  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1974 
"Interpreting the Bible " In How to Understand the Bible, by Ralph Herring, Frank Stagg, et al , pp  49–61  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1974 
"Sources in Biblical Writings," In How to Understand the Bible, by Ralph Herring, Frank Stagg, et al , pp  134–147  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1974 
"The Text and Canon of the Old Testament " In How to Understand the Bible, by Ralph Herring, Frank Stagg, et al , pp  106–117  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1974 
"The Text and Canon of the New Testament " In How to Understand the Bible by Ralph Herring, Frank Stagg, et al , pp  118–133  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1974 
"A Continuing Pilgrimage " In What Faith Has Meant to Me, cd  Claude A  Frazier, pp  146–156  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1975 
"Adam, Christ, and Us " In New Testament Studies: Essays in Honor of Ray Summers in His Sixty-Fifth Year, ed  Huber L  Drumwright and Curtis Vaughan, pp  115–136  Waco: Baylor University Press, 1975 
"Establishing a Text for Luke-Acts " In 1977 Seminar Papers, Society of Biblical Literature Book of Reports, pp  45–58  Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1977 
"A Whole Man Made Well " In The Struggle for Meaning, ed  by William Powell Tuck, pp  71–79  Valley Forge PA: Judson Press, 1977 
"Biblical Perspectives on Women" (with Evelyn Stagg)  In Findings of the Consultation on Women in Church-Related Vocations, ed  Johnni Johnson, pp  716  Nashville: Southern Baptist Convention, 1978 
"What is Truth?" In Science, Faith and Revelation, An Approach to Christian Philosophy, ed  Robert E  Patterson, pp  239–260  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1979 
"Understanding Call to Ministry " In Formation for Christian Ministry, ed  Anne Davis and Wade Rowatt, Jr , pp  23–38  Louisville: Review & Expositor, 1981 
"Preaching from Luke-Acts " In Biblical Preaching: An Expositor's Treasury ed  James W  Cox, pp  296–305  Philadelphia: Westminster, 1983 
"Preaching from the Sermon on the Mount " In Biblical Preaching: An Expositor's Treasury, ed  James W  Cox, pp  212–229  Philadelphia: Westminster, 1983 

Encyclopedia article
"Women in New Testament Perspective" (with Evelyn Stagg)  In Encyclopedia of Southern Baptists, ed  Lynn Edward May, Jr , Vol  4, pp  255–260  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1982 

Journal articles
"The Purpose and Message of Acts " Review & Expositor 44 (1947) 321 
"The Motif of First Corinthians " Southwestern Journal of Theology 3 (1960) 15–24 
"The Christology of Matthew " Review & Expositor 59 (1962) 457–468 
"The Farewell Discourses: John 13-17 " Review & Expositor 62 (1965) 459–472 
"The Gospel in Biblical Usage " Review & Expositor 63 (1966) 513 
"The Holy Spirit in the New Testament " Review & Expositor 63 (1966) 135–147 
"The Journey Toward Jerusalem in Luke's Gospel " Review & Expositor 64 (1967)499-512 
"An Analysis of the Book of James " Review & Expositor 66 (1969) 365–368 
"Exegetical Themes in James 1 and 2 " Review & Expositor 66 (1969) 391–402 
"The Lord's Supper in the New Testament " Review & Expositor 66 (1969) 514 
"Orthodoxy and Orthopraxy in the Johannine Epistles " Review & Expositor 67(1970)423-432 
"The Abused Aorist " Journal of Biblical Literature 91 (1972) 222–231 
"Salvation in Synoptic Tradition " Review & Expositor 69 (1972) 355–367 
"Freedom and Moral Responsibility without License or Legalism " Review & Expositor 69 (1972) 483–494 
"Introduction to Colossians " Theological Educator 4 (1973) 716 
"A Teaching Outline for Acts " Review & Expositor 71 (1974) 533–536 
"The Unhindered Gospel " Review & Expositor 71 (1974) 451–462 
"Interpreting the Book of Revelation " Review & Expositor 72 (1975) 331-343
"The Great Words of Romans " Theological Educator 7 (1976) 941–1002 
"The Plight of the Jew and the Gentile in Sin: Romans 1:18-3:20 " Review & Expositor 73 (1976) 401–413 
"Prophetic Ministry Today " Review & Expositor 73 (1976) 179–189 
"Rendering to Caesar What Belongs to Caesar: Christian Engagement with the World " Journal of Church and State 18 (1976) 951–1013 
"Rendering to God What Belongs to God: Christian Disengagement from the World " Journal of Church and State 18 (1976) 217–232 
"Biblical Perspectives on the Single Person " Review & Expositor 74 (1977) 519 
"Southern Baptist Theology Today: An Interview," Theological Educator 3 (1977) 15–36 
"Textual Criticism for Luke-Acts " Perspectives in Religious Studies 5 (1978) 152–165 
"The Domestic Code and Final Appeal: Ephesians 5:21—6:24 " Review & Expositor 76 (1979) 541–552



ground_truth: Capital Cities

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: After Russell D. Moore served at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary he became the President of The Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission (ERLC) in what year?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 
"The New International Version: New Testament " Review & Expositor 76 (1979) 377–385 
"The Mind in Christ Jesus " Review & Expositor 77 (1980) 337–347 
"The New Testament Doctrine of the Church " Theological Educator 12 (1981) 42–56 
"Reassessing the Gospels " Review & Expositor 78 (1981) 187–203 
"Eschatology: A Southern Baptist Perspective " Review & Expositor 79 (1982) 381–395 

Southern Baptist curriculum and periodical articles
Syllabus for Study and Questions for Examination on New Testament 112: From Jesus to Paul  Nashville: Seminary Extension Department, 1954 
"Nature of the Church—Conditions of Admission " The Baptist Student 43 (February 1964) 53–56 
Nature of the Church—Constituents " The Baptist Student 43 (February 1964) 50-53 
"Nature of the Church—Individuality and Corporateness " The Baptist Student 43 (February 1964) 56–58 
"Church As the Body of Christ—the Ecclesia " The Baptist Student 43 (March 1964) 50–53 
"The Church As the Body of Christ—the Local Embodiment " The Baptist Student 43 (March 1964) 56–58 
"The Church As the Body of Christ—Unity and Diversity " The Baptist Student 43 (March 1964) 53–56 
"The Church As the Koinonia of the Spirit—Demands " The Baptist Student: 43 (April 1964) 54–56 
"The Church As the Koinonia of the Spirit—Dimensions " The Baptist Student 43 (April 1964) 52–54 
"The Church as the Koinonia of the Spirit—Primacy " The Baptist Student 43 (April 1964) 56–58 
"The Church in the World—the Church and the World " The Baptist Student 43 (May 1964) 55–57 
"The Church in the World—the Life and work of the Church " The Baptist Student 43 (May 1964) 52–54 
"The Church in the World—the Ministry of the Church " The Baptist Student 43 (May 1964) 50–52 
The Study Guide for Seminary Extension Course New Testament  Theology 436 (Teacher's Edition)  Nashville: Seminary Extension Department, 1964 
"1965: The Church Proclaiming " Church Administration 1 (February 1965) 22–24 
"Speaking in Tongues     A Biblical Interpretation " The Baptist Student 45 (May 1966)43-45 
The Study Guide for Seminary Extension Course New Testament 202: The Gospel According to Luke  Nashville: Seminary Extension Department, 1967 
"The Radicality of Jesus Christ " The Baptist Student 49 (June 1970) 79 
"Facts About Civil Disorder " The Baptist Program 30 (August 1970) 30–35 
The Study Guide for Seminary Extension Course New Testament Theology 436  Nashville: Seminary Extension Department, 1971 
"The Bible Speaks on Poverty " Outreach 1 (July, 1971) 24–25, 30 
"The Book of Acts" Advanced Bible Study 2 (April–June 1972) [13 lessons on Acts] 
"The Gospel of Paul in First Corinthians " Outreach 3 (September 1973) 30–31 
"The Gospel in Romans 18 " Outreach 4 (October 1973) 30–31 
"The Gospel According to Paul Applied in Romans 12-14 " Outreach 4 (November 1973) 42–43 
"The Radicality of Jesus Christ " The Student (January 1975) 811 (reprinted from The Baptist Student, June 1970) 
"The Church—God's New People " Adult Bible Teacher 5 (April–June 1975) [13 lessons on Ephesians] 
"The Kingdom of God: Freedom and Fulfillment Under the Rule of God " Come Alive 6 (January–March 1976) 22–33 
"Free to Be: Salvation: Becoming A Person in Christ " Come Alive 6 (April–June 1976) 44–55 
"First Century Demons " Illustrator 4 (Winter 1977) 58–60 
"The Kingdom of Heaven in Matthew " Illustrator (1978) 36ff 
"What We Believe About Sin " Source 9 (January 1979) 14–39 
"Eschatology " One in Christ 17 (1981) 255–270 
"The Bible Speaks on Aging " Search 12 (Summer 1982) 611 
"Humanism and a Free Society " Report from the Capital 37 (September 1982) 45 

Book reviews
An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism, by J  Harold Greenlee  Review and Expositor 62 (Spring 1965) 230–231 
The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration, by Bruce M  Metzger  Review and Expositor 62 (Spring 1965) 230 
Only the House of Israel? by T  W  Manson  Review and Expositor 62 (Spring 1965) 231 
A Beginner's Reader Grammar for New Testament Greek, by E  C  Colwell and E  W  Tune  Review and Expositor 62 (Fall 1965) 485–487 
The Central Message of the New Testament, by Joachim Jeremías  Review and Expositor 63 (Winter 1966) 98–99 
Colossians: The Church's Lord and the Christian's Liberty - An Expository Commentary with a Present-Day Application, by Ralph P  Martin  Review & Expositor 71 (Winter 1974) 107 
Trajectories Through Early Christianity XII, by James M  Robinson  Review & Expositor 71 (Summer 1974) 395–397 
Milton and the Book of Revelation: the Heavenly Cycle, by Austin Dobbins  Review & Expositor 73 (Winter 1976) 77–78 
Anti-Semitism in the New Testament, by Samuel Sandmel  Review & Expositor 76 (Spring 1979) 258–261 
The Crucifixion of the Jews: The Failure of Christians to Understand the Jewish Experience, by Franklin H  Littell  Review & Expositor 84 (Winter 1987) 122–123 
The Jewish Reclamation of Jesus  by Donald A  Hagner  Review & Expositor 84 (Winter 1987) 123–124 

References and notes
Further reading
George, Timothy, and David S  Dockery  Baptist Theologians (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1990)
"Frank Stagg " Religious Leaders of America (Gale, 1999) 
Passage 9:
Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond
Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond (BTSR) was a free-standing seminary in Richmond, Virginia  It was founded in March 1989 by Virginia Baptists related to the Southern Baptist Alliance (now the Alliance of Baptists) and Baptist General Association of Virginia  In the late 1980s, as the situation began to change in Southern Baptist Convention during the conservative resurgence/fundamentalist takeover, others in the region joined them in seeing the need for alternative options for theological education among Baptists  BTSR was also affiliated with the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship  Accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, BTSR offered degrees including the Master of Divinity (M Div ), Master of Theological Studies (MTS), and Doctor of Ministry (D Min ) On November 13, 2018, the BTSR Trustees announced that the school would close, effective June 30, 2019   The trustees cited financial pressure as the reason for the closure, and said that the school would work with students to transfer their credits to other seminaries 
Passage 10:
Lee Rutland Scarborough
Lee Rutland Scarborough (1870–1945) was an American Southern Baptist pastor, evangelist, denominational leader, and professor at the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (SWBTS)  He spent the first 16 years of his life on a ranch and became an adept cowboy  He attended later Baylor University, Yale University and The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary   He accepted the invitation of B  H  Carroll in 1908 to occupy the world's first academic chair of evangelism, "The Chair of Fire," at SWBTS, (also known as the L  R  Scarborough Chair of Evangelism) and chaired the seminary's department of evangelism  In February 1915, following the death of B  H  Carroll, he became president of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary  He remained in both positions until 1942, during which time he also served a term as president of the Baptist General Convention of Texas (1929–32) and a term as president of the Southern Baptist Convention (1938–40) 

Works
Scarborough, L  R  With Christ After the Lost, A Search for Souls  Nashville, Tenn: Sunday school board, Southern Baptist convention, 1919 
Scarborough, L  R  A Modern School of the Prophets; A History of the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, a Product of Prayer and Faith, Its First Thirty Years, 1907-1937  Nashville: Broadman Press, 1939 
Scarborough, L  R  How Jesus Won Men  New York: Doran, 1926 
Scarborough, L  R  After the Resurrection--What? Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1942 
Scarborough, L  R  Marvels of Divine Leadership; Or, The Story of the Southern Baptist 75 Million Campaign  Nashville, Tenn: Sunday school board Southern Baptist convention, 1920 
Scarborough, L  R  A Search for Souls: A Study in the Finest of the Arts- Winning the Lost to Christ  Nashville, Tenn: Sunday school board, Southern Baptist convention, 1925 
Scarborough, L  R  Christ's Militant Kingdom ; A Study in the Trail Triumphant  New York: George H  Doran, 1924 
Scarborough, L  R  A Blaze of Evangelism Across the Equator  Nashville, Tenn: Broadman Press, 1937 
Scarborough, L  R  Endued to Win  Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1922 
Scarborough, L  R  My Conception of the Gospel Ministry  Nashville, Tenn: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1935 
Scarborough, L  R  Prepare to Meet God: Sermons Making the Way to Christ Plain  New York: George H  Doran Co, 1922 
Scarborough, L  R  Ten Spiritual Ships; The Heaviest Responsibilities of Christ's People  New York: George H  Doran Co, 1927 
Scarborough, L  R  Recruits for World Conquests  New York: Fleming H  Revell, 1914 
Scarborough, L  R  Products of Pentecost  New York: Fleming H  Revell Co, 1934 
Scarborough, L  R  Some Ministerial Danger Signals  Nashville, Tenn ?: Sunday School Board, Southern Baptist Convention?], 1900s 
Scarborough, L  R  The Tears of Jesus: Sermons to Aid Soul-Winners  New York: George H  Doran, 1922 
Scarborough, L  R  Holy Places and Precious Promises  Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1924 
Scarborough, L  R , and Allen Fort  Building for Evangelism: Timely Messages on a Vital Subject  Evangelism in the Construction of Meeting Houses  Nashville, Tenn: Church Architecture Dept , Sunday School Board, Southern Baptist Convention, 1900s 
Scarborough, L  R , and J  L  Love  A Bundle of Letters: Observations on Mission Fields  Richmond, Va: Foreign Mission Board, Southern Baptist Convention, 1923 
Scarborough, L  R  Christ's Militant Kingdom: A Study in the Trail Triumphant  Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1924 
Scarborough, L  R  Vital Essentials Worth Preserving and Perpetuating  Nashville, Tenn: Baptist Sunday School Board, 1939 
Leavell, Roland Quinche, and L  R  Scarborough  A Handbook for Southern Baptist Participation in "the Nation-Wide Baptist Evangelistic Crusade for 1940 "  Atlanta: Published cooperatively by the Home Mission Board, S B C  and various Secretaries of the State Mission Boards, 1939 
Scarborough, L  R  Help Lift the World into the Light: Millions for the Master  Nashville, Tenn: Baptist 75 Million Campaign, 1919 
Scarborough, L  R  Victory Schools: One in Every Church  Nashville, Tenn: [S B C ] Baptist 75 Million Campaign, 1919 
Scarborough, L  R  Southern Baptists and Evangelism  Atlanta, Ga: Baptist Home Mission Board [Southern Baptist Convention, 1918 
Scarborough, L  R  Are You Saved or Lost? Nashville, Tenn: Sunday School Board, Southern Baptist Convention, 1920 
Scarborough, L  R  Chapters from Recruits for World Conquests  Nashville, Tenn: Southern Baptist Convention, Sunday School Board, 1914 
Scarborough, L  R , B  A  Copass, and E  Leslie Carlson  A Course in Evangelism Based on "How Jesus Won Men"  [Fort Worth]: Seminary Book Store, 1900 
Scarborough, L  R  Volunteers: A Call for Soldiers for Christ  Nashville: Sunday School Board, Southern Baptist Convention, 1918 

See also
List of Southern Baptist Convention affiliated people
Southern Baptist Convention
Southern Baptist Convention Presidents



ground_truth: 2013