prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: How long is the river The Atherton Bridge spans?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Pit River Bridge
The Pit River Bridge (officially the Veterans of Foreign Wars Memorial Bridge) is a double deck, deck truss, road and rail bridge over Shasta Lake in Shasta County, California  The bridge, carrying Interstate 5 on its upper deck and Union Pacific Railroad on its lower deck, was built in 1942 as part of the construction of the Shasta Dam/Shasta Lake reservoir system  The Pit River Bridge was constructed to replace the Lower Pit River Bridge, as the rising waters of the Shasta Lake reservoir would have put the older bridge underwater  The entire bridge spans 3,588 feet (1,094 m) long on the upper deck and 2,754 feet (839 m) on the lower deck  With a height of 500 feet (150 m) above the old Pit River bed, it is structurally the highest double decked bridge in the United States; however, today the bridge sits only about 40 feet (12 m) above the water when Shasta Lake is full  The bridge is Interstate 5's halfway point  
At the time it was built, the highway on the bridge was signed as U S  Route 99 and the rail line was owned by Southern Pacific  The Coast Starlight, the passenger train line operated by Amtrak that runs between Los Angeles and Seattle, also uses the bridge The bridge is officially known as the Veterans of Foreign Wars Memorial Bridge, to honor military veterans from California who have fought in foreign wars The Pit River Bridge was the subject of the 1954 Pulitzer Prize for Photography winner entitled "Rescue on Pit River Bridge", taken by Virginia Schau 

See also
 Transport portal
 Engineering portal
 California portal
Passage 2:
Atherton Bridge
The Atherton Bridge is a historic iron truss bridge in Lancaster, Massachusetts, spanning the South Branch of the Nashua River  It is a rare example of a hybrid pony truss that is similar to the 19th century truss design of Simeon S  Post  It was built by J  H  Cofrode & Co  of Philadelphia in 1870  It was the first iron bridge to be constructed in the town  The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 
The bridge formerly carried Bolton Road, but was closed to vehicular traffic in 1975 and bypassed by a modern highway bridge in the 1980s 
The bridge remained open to pedestrian traffic until April 2020, when a flash flood damaged the bridge's wooden deck and it was closed to all traffic  The long-term future of the bridge is uncertain The sign commemorating Atherton Bridge states:

 ATHERTON BRIDGE
There has been a bridge at this location since early settlement  It is named for 
James Atherton, one of the signers of the petition for incorporation of the town in 1652  The 1794 map lists the bridge as 90 feet long on a county way Lancaster’s first iron bridge was placed here in 1870 

Technical information
The Atherton Bridge has iron compression posts that incline inward towards the center of the span and diagonal tension rods that incline outward towards the abutments  Unusual features include double end posts with adjustable turnbuckles, channeled castings to join the lower chord bars, and patented Phoenix columns for all inclined posts  This bridge does not make use of Simeon Post's patented joints  The floor beams support a wood plank deck 
The bridge is 72 feet (22 m) long and 18 5 feet (5 6 m) feet wide, and is composed of eight panels  It rests on granite abutments 
The bridge was photographed in 1979 by Jet Lowe of the Historic American Engineering Record, and documented in 1990 as part of the Massachusetts Historic Bridge Project  At that time, it was one of only two known examples of the Post type of truss still surviving 

See also
Ponakin Bridge
National Register of Historic Places listings in Worcester County, Massachusetts
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Massachusetts
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Passage 3:
Walnut Street Bridge (Chattanooga)
Built in 1890, the 2,376-foot-long (724 m) Walnut Street Bridge connects Chattanooga, Tennessee's downtown with North Chattanooga  The bridge's main spans are pin-connected Pennsylvania through truss spans  The top chord of these truss spans are configured in five sections, making the spans similar to the Camelback truss design  The bridge is historically significant as an extremely long and old example of its type; according to the Historic American Engineering Record: "The bridge was apparently the first non-military highway bridge across the Tennessee River "

History
According to a plaque on the bridge, Edwin Thacher was the chief engineer for the bridge  The bridge's superstructure was assembled by the Smith Bridge Company of Toledo, Ohio, which was a prolific late 19th-century bridge builder  The bridge's substructure was constructed by Neeley, Smith, and Company of Chattanooga  Most of the parts for the bridge were manufactured by Manly Jail Works of Dalton, Georgia and then shipped to the site by rail  
A former Union officer from Ann Arbor, Michigan, William Andrew Slayton (1854–1935) was the stone contractor  Slayton lived in a stone house at 533 Barton Avenue, the house known for years by later inhabitants as the location of the "Little Art Shop"  It is not known if he built this house, but similarly to Washington Roebling and the Brooklyn Bridge, he could overlook the project from his window  Many of the low stone walls in North Chattanooga are made up of the remnants of stones deemed too small for use in the piers  Subdivision plats in Chattanooga suggest that Slayton developed some areas to facilitate the hauling of materials from quarries in northeastern Alabama, and Slayton Street and Slayton Avenue are found near the current public library location on Broad Street 
The "county bridge", as the Walnut Street Bridge was once known, connected the predominantly white city on the south side of the Tennessee River with the large black work force on the north side ("North Shore") in Hill City, a town that was annexed by Chattanooga in 1912 
The bridge also carried trolleys of the Chattanooga Traction Company to Signal Mountain Two black men were lynched on the bridge: Alfred Blount on February 14, 1893, was hanged from the first span for allegedly attacking a white woman; Ed Johnson on March 19, 1906, was hanged from the second span, also for allegedly attacking a white woman  Johnson's lynching initiated a court case (United States v  Shipp) before the Supreme Court that is notable for being the only criminal trial in its history 

Reconstruction
The bridge was closed to motor vehicles in 1978 and sat in disuse and disrepair for nearly a decade  Repairs and structural modifications have been made to turn the bridge into what is now a pedestrian walkway  The Walnut Street Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1990  The 2,376-foot-long (724 m) pedestrian bridge sits near the heart of a massive and recently completed urban renewal project 
From December 2009 to May 2010, the bridge's deteriorating asphalt surface was replaced with wood planking  The City Council awarded a $1 3 million contract to Tower Construction for the bridge repair work The Walnut Street Bridge fund was started by Chattanooga Venture, a community group, to receive funds to be used by the city toward restoration of the bridge  Once the campaign was finished, the remaining funds were used for additional improvements to the bridge  These funds led to the replacement of original plaques which had been damaged, vandalized, or stolen  The original plaques have been renamed to The Parks Foundation, an organization committed to enhancements, improvements and programming to extend the utilization of all our parks and public space to the greatest number of people  The foundation is offering new plaques to donors that strive for the same mission 

Community events
Wine over Water is a wine tasting event that takes place on the Walnut Street Bridge  The event started in 1994  Over 150 wines from all over the world get tasted  During the festival, local restaurants offer different tasting plates for purchase  Regional musicians and bands come to play jazz and classic bluegrass  The event is not free and tickets are sold quickly due to popularity  
Every summer, Chattanooga hosts the Riverbend Festival where country music and rock bands come and play for the city  On the last night of the festival, fireworks are shot off for the spectators  The bridge is used to display a bright waterfall of fireworks, which fall down into the river below  The fireworks are displayed at the middle of the bridge, and boaters are not allowed within several hundred feet  
The Seven Bridges Marathon takes place in Chattanooga, and the participants use the Walnut Street Bridge as part of the course  Participants, local Chattanoogans as well as tourists, enjoy the views from the bridge that extend up and down the river  
Ironman is a world-renowned triathlon with events scheduled throughout the year all over the planet  Chattanooga has hosted Ironman in 2014, 2015 and hosted the Ironman world championship in 2017  Athletes use the Walnut Street bridge during the running portion of the race 

See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Tennessee
Passage 4:
Nashua River
The Nashua River, 37 5 miles (60 4 km) long, is a tributary of the Merrimack River in Massachusetts and New Hampshire in the United States  It is formed in eastern Worcester County, Massachusetts, at the confluence of the North Nashua River and South Nashua River, and flows generally north-northeast past Groton to join the Merrimack at Nashua, New Hampshire  The Nashua River watershed occupies a major portion of north-central Massachusetts and a much smaller portion of southern New Hampshire 
The North Nashua River rises west of Fitchburg and Westminster  It flows about 30 miles (48 km) generally southeast past Fitchburg, and joins the South Nashua River, shown on USGS topographic maps as the main stem of the Nashua River, about 5 miles (8 km) below its issuance from the Wachusett Reservoir 

History
The river's name derives from an Algonkian word meaning "beautiful river with a pebbly bottom "The Nashua River was heavily used for industry during the colonial period and the early years of the United States  During the late 18th century and early 19th century, the heavy concentration of paper mills and the use of dyes near Fitchburg resulted in pollution that notoriously turned the river various colors downstream from the factories 
In the mid-1960s, Marion Stoddart started a campaign to restore the Nashua River and its tributaries  She built coalitions with labor leaders and business leaders, in particular the paper companies who were the worst polluters of the river  With federal help, eight treatment plants were built or upgraded along the river  A broad conservation buffer was created along about half the river and its two main tributaries  By the early-1990s, most of the industry was still located along the river, but many parts of the river were once again safe for swimming  Her work is the subject of a 30-minute documentary movie titled Marion Stoddart: Work of 1000 Recovery has sparked recreational use of the river at places like Mine Falls Park in Nashua 
The largely volunteer Nashua River Watershed Association, based in Groton, Massachusetts, oversees the condition of the river In 2013, Public Law 116–9 designated 27 mi (43 km) of the Nashua River as a National Wild and Scenic River  The legislation was sponsored by Rep  Niki Tsongas (D, MA-3), supported by the Nashua River Watershed Association and The Wilderness Society 

Watershed
From its impoundment at the Wachusett Reservoir in Clinton, Massachusetts, the South Nashua River flows north and joins the North Nashua River in Lancaster  The North Nashua River flows southeast from Fitchburg and Leominster to Lancaster  The Nashua River flows northward from Lancaster, meandering its way through the north-central Massachusetts towns of Harvard, Groton, Dunstable, and Pepperell, before eventually emptying into the Merrimack River at Nashua, New Hampshire  The Nashua River watershed has a total drainage area of approximately 538 square miles (1,390 km2), with 454 square miles (1,180 km2) of the watershed occurring in Massachusetts and 74 square miles (190 km2) in New Hampshire  The Nashua River flows for approximately 56 miles (90 km), with approximately 46 of those miles (74 km) flowing through Massachusetts  The Squannacook, Nissitissit, Stillwater, Quinapoxet, North Nashua, and South Nashua rivers feed it  The watershed encompasses all or part of 31 communities, 7 in southern New Hampshire and 24 in central Massachusetts  The watershed's largest water body is the Wachusett Reservoir, which provides drinking water to two-thirds of the Commonwealth's population 

Major watershed components
Wachusett Reservoir is the largest water body 
The Stillwater River feeds Wachusett Reservoir from the northwest 
The Quinapoxet River feeds Wachusett Reservoir from the west 
Wachusett Reservoir Dam impounds the South Nashua River 
The North Nashua River joins the South Nashua River at Lancaster from the northwest 
The Squannacook River joins the Nashua River from the northwest at the junction of the town boundaries of Shirley, Groton, and Ayer 
The Nissitissit River joins the Nashua River from the northwest at Pepperell 

Major tributaries
See also
List of rivers of Massachusetts
List of rivers of New Hampshire
Nashua River Rail Trail
Nashaway people
Passage 5:
Colorado River Bridge at Bastrop
The Colorado River Bridge at Bastrop is a 1,285-foot (392 m)-long bridge with three steel truss spans and concrete piers that crosses the Colorado River as part of Loop 150 through Bastrop, Texas  The three bridge spans over the river consist of identical Parker through trusses, each 192 feet (59 m) in length, supported on concrete piers  The bridge is one of the earliest surviving uses of the Parker truss in Texas 
The Colorado River Bridge was the second bridge crossing at this location  The first bridge at the crossing was built from 1889 to 1890 at a cost of $45,000  This bridge replaced the ferries across the river, which had been in use since the 1830s  The bridge was 1,268 feet (386 m) in length  It was originally a toll bridge, but was later purchased by the county and the tolls were removed 

With automobiles becoming the dominant form of transportation in the United States after World War I, a new bridge was needed to handle the increasing traffic between Houston and Austin  The original estimate of the cost of the Colorado River Bridge was $40,000 and was partially financed by bonds issued by Bastrop County  The rest was paid for with federal funds disbursed by the Texas State Highway Department  Bids on the project were solicited and the Kansas City Bridge Co  was selected as contractor  The final cost of the bridge's construction was $167,500  The bridge was completed in 1923 and opened for use in January 1924  The original bridge was sold and torn down in the early 1930s Ownership of the Colorado River Bridge probably passed from the county to the state during the Great Depression, as the local governments did not have the funds to maintain their road systems 
Growth in Bastrop in the 1990s strained the capacity of the narrow two-lane bridge  A wider concrete beam bridge was built parallel to the Colorado River Bridge  The State of Texas transferred ownership of the truss bridge to the City of Bastrop and the bridge became a pedestrian walkway  The bridge is also used for special events such as the annual "Art on the Bridge" art show and sale  The bridge was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 19, 1990 

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bastrop County, Texas
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
List of crossings of the Colorado River
Passage 6:
Miami Bridge
The Miami Bridge, also known as the McDaniel Memorial Bridge, is a new concrete girder bridge that was built to replace a cantilever through truss bridge over the Missouri River at Miami, Missouri between Saline County, Missouri and Carroll County, Missouri   The Miami Bridge carries Route 41   The Miami Bridge was built in 1939, and its deck was replaced in 1983 as part of a rehabilitation project  The old bridge's main cantilever span was 474 7 feet, while the two anchor spans  were each 415 feet in length, resulting in a total cantilever truss length of 1304 7 feet  There were 11 approach spans, including four Warren deck truss spans, three on the northern approach and one on the southern approach  All remaining approach spans were steel stringer (multi-beam/girder) spans  Total bridge length including approach spans is 2,071 9 feet   The bridge's deck width is 23 0 feet and it has vertical clearance of 16 5 feet 
The bridge was constructed with the assistance of the Federal Administration of Public Works also known as the Public Works Administration  Sverdrup and Parcel were consulting engineers for the structure, and Massman Construction Company was the contractor  The original plans for the bridge show plans for the original wooden toll building that was once located on the bridge  According to the plans, the toll building was painted white, featured wooden Slow and Stop signs, and included a cast iron stove for heating 
The Miami Bridge has been listed as eligible for the National Register of Historic Places  According to Clayton B Fraser who conducted Missouri's 1992 Historic Bridge Inventory, the Miami Bridge was eligible for the National Register of Historic Places as an "outstanding, large-scale example of steel truss construction, located on important great river crossing " Despite its historic significance, Missouri Department of Transportation decided against rehabilitating the bridge and instead has decided to demolish the bridge's superstructure and erect a new bridge using the piers and abutment of the old bridge  The project will begin with the bridge's closure, scheduled for October 5, 2009 

See also
List of crossings of the Missouri River
Passage 7:
Monocacy River bridge and viaduct
The Monocacy River Railroad Bridge and Viaduct is a 326-foot (99 m) open deck steel girder bridge with two main spans crossing the river and two viaduct sections crossing the floodplain, south of Walkersville, Maryland  Originally constructed by the Frederick and Pennsylvania Line Railroad Company (F&PL)  Construction began in late 1871, and continued until July 1872 when the railroad opened that year  It was rebuilt by the Pennsylvania Railroad prior first in 1900-1905 as an open deck riveted iron plate under girder bridge  In 1915, the bridge was surveyed as part of the Interstate Commerce Commission's ("ICC") effort to establish freight rates for the Parent railroad  In 1927, the Pennsylvania Railroad rebuilt the bridge again using deeper and thicker steel girders, but leaving the masonry piers intact  In 1972, the two 85 foot river spans were washed out by Hurricane Agnes  In 1982, the State of Maryland purchased the bridge as part of the railroad line  In 1995, the State rebuilt the river spans and Pier 3 which is located in the middle of the river crossing was completely reconstructed using concrete to replace the original masonry foundations   In 2015, the State performed minor maintenance on the structure and painted some spans   
As of 2016, the bridge is in active rail service, operated by the Walkersville Southern RR 

History
Construction
Bollman Iron Bridge
The original bridge was a "Bollman suspension truss"  The Monocacy river bridge and viaduct structures were a mixture of wrought iron tension members and cast iron compression members, including other decorative elements, such as Doric styled vertical members and end towers, all cast iron and detailed  In 1872, Bollman's firm, Patapsco Bridge and Iron Works completed the bridge and viaducts with a total length of 326 feet 

Pennsylvania Railroad Rebuilds
The ICC survey work papers  indicate two rebuilds were performed on the Monocacy bridge after the 1872 construction but prior to the 1915 inspection:

The Bollman iron truss bridge of unknown span lengths for the Monocacy crossing was replaced by the Pennsylvania railroad in 1900 as part of a major rebuild of the bridge which included the abutments In 1900, Pennsylvania replaced the river trusses with a steel under girder, open deck bridge of four spans  At that time, the abutment and pier masonry was augmented  Five years later in 1905, the Pennsylvania railroad replaced the remaining two spans that were erected by Bollman in 1872 
Later in 1927, Pennsylvania rebuilt the entire bridge using steel plate girders of half-inch thickness and measuring 85 inches in depth 
No later rebuild by PRR was made after 1927 and prior to 1982 when the bridge was conveyed to the State of Maryland  

United States Railway Administration (USRA) Rebuild
No known USRA rebuild scope has been identified for this bridge 

State Railroad Administration (SRA 1995 - )
Subsequent to the conveyance of the railroad from Conrail to the State of Maryland in 1982, State Railroad Administration or (SRA,1978-92), developed a Maryland State Rail Plan  
The SRA rebuilt the two 85 foot spans over the river that were damaged by Hurricane Agnes in 1972, as well as Pier 3 which was in the river in 1995   Currently, the Department of Transportation, Maryland Transit Administration (MTA), (2001-) owns and maintains the bridge  In 2015, MTA performed additional maintenance on the spans and painted two of the four spans as well 

Notes
Passage 8:
Port Mann Bridge
The Port Mann Bridge is a 10-lane cable-stayed bridge, 100 km/hr speed limit, in British Columbia, Canada that opened to traffic in 2012  It carries 10 lanes of traffic with space reserved for a light rail line The cable-stayed bridge replaced a steel arch bridge that spanned the Fraser River, connecting Coquitlam to Surrey in British Columbia in the Vancouver metro area  After its successor was opened to traffic, the old bridge was demolished by reverse construction, a process which took three years to complete 

History
The original Port Mann Bridge opened on June 12, 1964  It was named after the community of Port Mann, through which the south end of the bridge passed  The old bridge consisted of three spans with an orthotropic deck carrying five lanes (originally four lanes) of Trans-Canada Highway traffic, with approach spans of three steel plate girders and concrete deck  The total length of the arch bridge was 2,093 m (6,867 ft), including approach spans  The main span was 366 m (1,201 ft), plus the two 110 m (360 ft) spans on either side  Volume on the old bridge was 127,000 trips per day  Approximately 8 percent of the traffic on the Port Mann bridge was truck traffic   The old bridge was the longest arch bridge in Canada and third-longest in the world at the time of its inauguration 
At the time of construction, it was the most expensive piece of highway in Canada  The first "civilian" to drive across the bridge was CKNW reporter Marke Raines  He was not authorized to cross, so he drove quickly In 2001 an eastbound HOV lane was added by moving the centre divider and by cantilevering the bridge deck outwards in conjunction with a seismic upgrade 

Replacement
On January 31, 2006, the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation introduced the Gateway Program as a means to address growing congestion  The project originally envisioned twinning the Port Mann Bridge by building a second bridge adjacent to it, but the project was changed to building a 10-lane replacement bridge, planned to be the widest in the world, and demolishing the original bridge  While the old bridge was found to be in "excellent shape, it is a fracture-critical structure with a tension member that runs the full length of the bridge  If that fractures anywhere, the bridge’s structural safety can be compromised heavily   There is no built-in redundancy [in this type of bridge]  It only takes a little undetected fatigue crack to grow for 10 years and then a member eventually just snaps through one cold morning when the wrong size truck rolls over it” 

Opposition to twinning plan
A number of groups lobbied to improve public transit rather than build a new bridge  Burnaby city council, Vancouver city council, and directors of the GVRD (now Metro Vancouver) passed resolutions opposing the Port Mann / Highway 1 expansion  Opponents of the expansion included local environmental groups, urban planners, and Washington state's Sightline Institute Opponents argued that increasing highway capacity would increase greenhouse gas emissions and only relieve congestion for a few years before increased traffic congested the area again, and that expanding road capacity would encourage suburban sprawl  The Livable Region Coalition urged the Minister of Transportation,  Kevin Falcon, to consider rapid transit lines and improved bus routes instead of building the new bridge  The David Suzuki Foundation claimed the plan violated the goals of Metro Vancouver's Livable Region Strategic Plan 

Construction and cost
The Port Mann / Highway 1 project added another HOV lane and will provide cycling and pedestrian access  The multi-use pedestrian/bicycle path opened July 1, 2015  A bus service was reintroduced over the Port Mann Bridge for the first time in over 20 years  However, critics claimed that the new bridge only delayed the reintroduction of bus service on the bridge  The new bus rapid transit service is now operated in the HOV lanes along Highway 1 from Langley to Burnaby The estimated construction cost was $2 46 billion, including the cost of the Highway 1 upgrade, a total of 37 kilometres (23 mi)  Of this, the bridge itself comprised roughly a third ($820 million)   The total cost, including operation and maintenance, was expected to be $3 3 billion  Now that the new bridge is completed, the existing bridge, which was more than 45 years old, has been taken down The project was intended to be funded by using a public-private partnership, and Connect B C  Development Group was chosen as the preferred developer  The Connect B C  Group included the Macquarie Group, Transtoll Inc , Peter Kiewit Sons Co , and Flatiron Constructors  Although a memorandum of understanding had been signed by the province, final terms could not be agreed upon  As a consequence, the province decided to fund the entire cost of replacement On September 18, 2012, the new Port Mann Bridge opened to eastbound traffic  At 65 metres (213 ft) wide, it was the world's widest long-span bridge, according to the Guinness World Records, overtaking the world-famous Sydney Harbour Bridge, which, at 49 metres (161 ft), held the record since 1932  The Port Mann Bridge was overtaken by the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in 2013 

Dismantling of original bridge
Work to dismantle the old Port Mann Bridge began in December 2012  Crews removed sections of the bridge piece by piece in opposite order in which they were originally constructed, starting with the road deck, followed by the bridge approach's girders, and concluding with the steel arch  It was fully removed by October 21, 2015 

New bridge
The new bridge is 2 02 kilometres (1 26 mi) long, up to 65 metres (213 ft) wide, carries 10 lanes of traffic, and has a 42 metres (138 ft) clearance above the river's high water level (the same length and clearance as the old bridge)  The towers are approximately 75 metres (246 ft) tall above deck level, with the total height approximately 163 metres (535 ft) from top of footing  The main span (between the towers) is 470 metres (1,540 ft) long, the second longest cable-stayed span in the western hemisphere  The main bridge (between the end of the cables) has a length of 850 metres (2,790 ft) with two towers and 288 cables  The new bridge was built to accommodate the future installation of light rapid transit 

Issues
On February 10, 2012, during construction of the replacement bridge, an overhead gantry crane collapsed, causing a 90-tonne concrete box-girder segment to drop into the water below  While no one was injured, the accident delayed subsequent construction  WorkSafeBC inspectors evaluated the safety practices on the construction site 
On December 19, 2012, cold weather caused ice to accumulate on the supporting cables, periodically dropping to the car deck below, dubbed "ice bombs"  ICBC, the vehicle insurance entity in British Columbia, reported 60 separate claims of ice damage during the incident  In addition, one driver required an ambulance due to injuries  The RCMP closed the bridge between 1:30 p m  and 6 p m  while engineers investigated  The Government installed collars on the cables that are manually released when conditions for ice accumulation are expected  They are installed on the tops of the cables on the towers and are released, falling down the cables by gravity to remove any snow build up During December 2016, "slush bombs" affected the bridge again though the BC Government stated that these weren't as severe as the 2012 "ice bombs " During December, the bridge was closed due to the threat of falling snow off of the cables and possible icy conditions 

Tolling (2012–2017)
In order to recover construction and operating costs, the bridge was electronically tolled when originally built  The toll rates increased to $1 60 for motorcycle, $3 15 for cars, $6 30 for small trucks and $9 45 for large trucks on August 15, 2015   Through increased prices and greater traffic, Transportation Investment Corporation (TI Corp), the public Crown corporation responsible for toll operations on the Port Mann Bridge, forecast its revenue would grow by 85% between fiscal years 2014 and 2017  These fees were assessed using radio-frequency identification (RFID) decals or licence plate photos  A B C  licensed driver who owes more than $25 in tolls outstanding 90 days is penalized $20 and is unable to purchase vehicle insurance or renew drivers permits without payment of the debt  Out-of-province drivers were also contacted for payment by a US-based contractor  A licence plate processing fee of $2 30 per trip was added to the toll rate for unregistered users who did not pay their toll within seven days of their passage  Monthly passes, which allowed unlimited crossing on the bridge, were available for purchase  Users may have set up an account for online payment of tolls  Users who opted for this method received a decal with an embedded RFID to place on their vehicle's windshield or headlight and avoid paying a processing fee  Tolls were expected to be removed by the year of 2050 or after collecting $3 3 billion  As announced by B C  Premier John Horgan in August 2017, all tolls on the Port Mann Bridge were removed on September 1, 2017   Debt service was transferred to the province of British Columbia at a cost of $135 million per year 

Traffic volumes
Monthly mean weekday traffic
As of January 2019

Total monthly traffic (in millions)
As of January 2019

See also

List of crossings of the Fraser River
List of bridges in Canada
Tallest structures in Canada
Passage 9:
Columbia River Bridge (Bridgeport, Washington)
The Columbia River Bridge, also known as the Bridgeport Bridge, at Bridgeport, Washington, was built to span the Columbia River in 1950  Composed of three spans, the bridge is a steel continuous riveted deck truss carrying Washington State Route 17 on a 26-foot-wide (7 9 m) roadway and two 3-foot (0 91 m) sidewalks  The center portion of the bridge spans 300 feet (91 m), flanked by 250-foot (76 m) end spans  The 70-foot (21 m) north approach span and the 100-foot (30 m) south approach span are supported by steel plate girders  The bridge played a significant role in the construction of the Chief Joseph Dam just upstream, as no bridge crossing had previously existed in the area  Construction on the dam started in 1945 and was completed, apart from the powerplant, in 1955  The bridge was designed and built by the U S  Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Chief Joseph Dam project, and is significant for its association with the project and as a major crossing of the Columbia The bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 1995 

See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Washington (state)
Passage 10:
Maiden Lane Bridge
The Maiden Lane Bridge was a railroad bridge across the Hudson River between the city of Albany and Rensselaer County, New York  It was designed by Kellogg, Clark & Co , and was one of the largest bridges they designed  The bridge was owned and built by the Hudson River Bridge Company, which was owned jointly by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company which owned 3/4, and the Boston and Albany Railroad Company which owned 1/4  The Maiden Lane Bridge was often referred to as the "South Bridge", while the Livingston Avenue Bridge was referred to as the "North Bridge"  The Livingston Ave  Bridge was used for freight (and through-traffic passenger trains) while passenger trains used the Maiden Lane Bridge for access to Union Station, which was completed less than 10 months later  The state of New York authorized construction on May 10, 1869, construction began in May 1870, and the first train crossed on December 28, 1871  The bridge consisted of four 185 5-foot (56 5 m) long fixed spans, one 274-foot (84 m) long draw span, seven 73-foot (22 m) long spans over the Albany Basin, one 110-foot (34 m) long span over Quay Street, and one 63-foot (19 m) long span over Maiden Lane  All the spans except the one over Maiden Lane were double tracked, through, and pin connected; the span over Maiden Lane was also double tracked, but was a deck and plate girder span  A reconstruction of the bridge, except for the draw span, was done in 1899 by Pencoyd Bridge Company and finished by January 3, 1900  The bridge lasted until the 1960s, when the Albany–Rensselaer Amtrak station was built on the east side of the Hudson in the city of Rensselaer and Interstate 787 was built along the west side in Albany, thereby eliminating the need of the bridge 

See also
History of Albany, New York
Downtown Albany Historic District
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River
Context 2: Passage 1:
Rasmus Rasmussen (actor)
Rasmus Rasmussen (4 November 1862 – 17 July 1932) was a Norwegian actor, folk singer and theatre director 
He was born in Molde, a son of captain Chrispinus Martinus Rasmussen and Anna Helene Carlsen  He emigrated to the United States around 1880, where he earned his living as a logger, but returned to Norway some years later  He performed at Den Nationale Scene in Bergen from 1887 to 1910  The next two years he toured Norway as a singer  He was the first theatre director of Det Norske Teatret, from 1912 to 1914, and during this period he also contributed as actor in several plays  He served as theatre director at Trondhjems nationale Scene from 1916 to 1924 He appeared in the several silent movies, including Bride of Glomdal and Brudeferden i Hardanger, both from 1926 and his only sound film, Kristine Valdresdatter in 1930 

Selected filmography
Dolken (1915)
The Sea Vultures (1916)
Passage 2:
Morten Borgersen
Morten Borgersen (born 12 October 1950) is a Norwegian actor, theatre director, artistic director and writer  
He has worked for various theatres, including Trøndelag Teater, Rogaland Teater, Riksteatret, Teatret Vårt, Teater Ibsen, Oslo Nye Teater, Det Norske Teatret, Nationaltheatret, Fjernsynsteatret, Den Nationale Scene, Haugesund teater,  Nordland Teater,  Kilden teater og Konserthus, Opera Bergen og Maksim Gorkij teater, Vladivostok, Russland( Anna Karenina og Et dukkehjem) ]  In 1991 he was appointed as the first theatre director of Teatret Vårt in Molde, after nineteen years of collective management, and had this position until 1997  From 1998 to 2001 he was artistic director of Teater Ibsen   He was artistic director of Den Nationale Scene in Bergen from 2001 to 2007 He published his first novel in 2012: Jeg har arvet en mørk skog  His second novel 2014: Forestillinger  Non-fiction 2015: Våre stemmer 
Passage 3:
Bjarte Hjelmeland
Bjarte Hjelmeland (born 24 February 1970) is a Norwegian actor and theatre director  He was born in Bergen  He made his stage debut in 1991 at Oslo Nye Teater, and also had notable roles at the National Theatre, Rogaland Teater, Torshovteatret, Den Nationale Scene and Chateau Neuf  In 2008 he was hired as director of Den Nationale Scene Films include his screen debut Byttinger (1991), Livredd (1997) and Desperate bekjennelser (1998)  Television series include Vestavind (1994–1995), the talk show Mandagsklubben (1996–1997) and Hvaler  He was a judge on Series 6 of Norske_Talenter  He has also released music albums Hjelmeland is openly gay 
Passage 4:
Karl Bergmann
Karl Bergmann (15 November 1882 – 16 June 1964) was a Norwegian actor and theatre director  He made his stage debut in 1901 at Den Nationale Scene in Bergen  He served as theatre director of Den Nationale Scene from 1931 to 1934 

Personal life
Bergmann was born in Bergen on 15 November 1882, a son of hairdresser Carl Pedersen and Alida Bergmann  In 1906 he married actress Lilly Catharina Thomsen 
Passage 5:
Den Nationale Scene
Den Nationale Scene (English: National Theater) is the largest theatre in Bergen, Norway  Den Nationale Scene is also one of the oldest permanent theatres in Norway 

History
Opened under the name Det Norske Theater in 1850,  the theatre has roots dating back to its founding on the initiative of the Norwegian violinist Ole Bull  The theatre was created to develop Norwegian playwrights  Henrik Ibsen was one of the first writers-in-residences and art-directors of the theatre and it saw the première in Norway of his first contemporary realist drama The Pillars of Society (Samfundets støtter) on 30 November 1877 The theatre was initially housed in the Komediehuset på Engen  In 1909, The National Theatre moved into the new theatre building at Engen  The current theatre building was designed by Einar Oscar Schou, and opened 19 February 1909 with a production of Erasmus Montanus by Ludvig Holberg  King Haakon VII of Norway and Queen Maud were in attendance  It soon became apparent that the building was too small  In 1913 the company bought Ekserserhuset Jonsvoll to use as a warehouse  In 1920, an extension was built to the northwest  Over the years the building has undergone major changes, extensions, renovation, restoration and stage technical modernisation  The foyer and the hall were destroyed during the Second World War, and only temporarily restored The theatre experienced a pre-war high point during the period 1934-39 under the leadership Hans Jacob Nilsen  Especially noteworthy was the 1935 premiere of the play Vår ære og vår makt ("Our Honor and our Power") by Nordahl Grieg 
In 2001 the building was restored almost to its original shape  Today the theatre houses three stages/venues and presents approximately 20 productions each year, both international and national classics, musicals and contemporary drama, as well as children's theatre   Since 1993, the theatre has been state property 

Directors of the Theatre
1876–1879 Nils Wichstrøm
1879–1880 Johan Bøgh
1880–1881 John Grieg
1881–1884 Johan Bøgh
1884–1888 Gunnar Heiberg
1888–1889 Henrik Jæger
1889–1890 Otto Valseth
1890–1895 Johan Irgens-Hansen
1895–1898 Olaf Hansson
1899–1900 Hans Aanrud
1900–1905 Gustav Thomassen
1905–1907 Anton Heiberg
1908–1909 Olaf Mørch Hansson
1910–1924 Ludvig Bergh
1924–1925 Christian Sandal
1925–1931 Thomas Thomassen
1931–1934 Karl Bergmann
1934–1939 Hans Jacob Nilsen
1939–1946 Egil Hjorth-Jenssen
1946–1948 Stein Bugge
1948–1952 Georg Løkkeberg
1952–1961 Per Schwab
1961–1963 Bjarne Andersen
1963–1967 Gisle Straume
1967–1976 Knut Thomassen
1976–1982 Sven Henning
1982–1986 Kjetil Bang-Hansen
1986–1996 Tom Remlov
1996–1997 Ketil Egge
1997 Aksel-Otto Bull
1998 Lars Arrhed
1998–2001 Bentein Baardson
2001–2007 Morten Borgersen
2008–2012 Bjarte Hjelmeland
2012– Agnete Haaland

See also
Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize
Passage 6:
Rønnaug Alten
Rønnaug Alten (9 February 1910 – 20 January 2001) was a Norwegian actress and stage instructor 

Biography
She was born in Tromsø, Norway  Her parents were Emil Bredenbech Melle (1878–1950) and Ragna Aass (1880–1975)  After her parents' divorce in 1913, she was raised by her mother and her stepfather, Supreme Court Justice Edvin Alten (1876–1967)  Her half-sister Berit Alten (1915–2002) was married to literary historian Asbjørn Aarnes (1923–2013)  She grew up in Kristiania (now Oslo) and attended Frogner School graduating artium in 1928 In 1932, she married the actor Georg Løkkeberg (1909–1986)  Their marriage was dissolved in 1947  She was the mother of the film director and screenwriter Pål Løkkeberg (1934–1998)
Context 3: Passage 1:
Rasel
Rasel may refer to:

Rasel (singer), (born Rafael Abad Anselmo), Spanish singer
Rasel (actor), Bangladeshi film actor
Syed Rasel, Bangladeshi cricketer
Passage 2:
For Those Who Think Young (album)
For Those Who Think Young, appearing on the album cover as (for those who think young) and originally to be entitled for those who think jung, is the third album by Canadian new wave band Rough Trade; it was released in 1981 (True North TN-48 in Canada; Boardwalk NB-33261-1, US; Big Time, UK; CBS 85385, The Netherlands)  It climbed to #9 in Canada on the RPM Top 50 Albums Chart on November 7, 1981 (putting it at #1 on the CANCON Chart listing), and held the position for three weeks, dropping out of the Top 50 after sixteen weeks on February 6 of the following year  It was certified gold in Canada by the CRIA on November 1, 1981  The single "All Touch" gave the band its biggest commercial success, reaching #12 in Canada on the RPM Top 50 Singles Chart (#2 on the CANCON Chart) and #58 on the U S  Billboard Hot 100 Singles released from the album included "All Touch" (b/w "Baptism of Fire") [True North TN4-165], "Blood Lust" (b/w "Bodies In Collision") [True North TN4-170], "For Those Who Think Young" (b/w "Attitude") [True North TN4-171], all 1981 Canadian releases in picture sleeves, and the 1982 U S  release of "All Touch" (b/w "The Sacred And The Profane") [Boardwalk NB-11-167-7] 

Track listing
Personnel
Carole Pope – Songwriter, lead vocals
Kevan Staples – Vocals, guitar, piano, synthesiser, producer
David McMorrow – Vocals, piano, Rhodes, synthesisers
Terry Wilkins – Vocals, Fender fretless bass
Bucky Berger – Vocals, drums
Gene Martynec – Producer
Gary Gray – Engineer
Rick Starks – Assistant engineer
Jack Skinner – Mastering
Peter J  Moore – Remastering, restoration
Dusty Springfield – Backing vocals
Shawne Jackson – Backing vocals
Colina Phillips – Backing vocals
Derek Taylor – Make-up

Charts
Singles
Passage 3:
Zooey Deschanel filmography
American actress, model, musician, and singer-songwriter Zooey Deschanel made her film debut in the 1999 comedy feature Mumford  She went on to gain public attention by co-starring in the comedy-drama Almost Famous (2000), the independent drama Manic (2001) opposite Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and the comedy drama The Good Girl (2002)  She landed her first major role as an 18-year-old virgin in the romantic drama All the Real Girls (2003), for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead  One of Deschanel's biggest commercial successes came with the Christmas-fantasy film Elf (2003), which grossed over $220 million worldwide In 2005, Deschanel played Tricia McMillan in Garth Jennings' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, an adaption of the media franchise of the same name  She followed this with a series of comedy films, including Winter Passing (2005), Failure to Launch (2006), The Go-Getter (2007), and Peyton Reed's Yes Man (2008)  Deschanel played a radiant dream girl in the independent romantic drama (500) Days of Summer (2009), also opposite Gordon-Levitt, for which she garnered a nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture at the 14th Satellite Awards  She voiced Bridget in the animated family comedy Trolls (2016), which earned her an Annie Award nomination for Voice Acting in a Feature Production Deschanel made her television debut in the sitcom Veronica's Closet in 1998  She later starred as DG in the miniseries Tin Man (2007), a science fiction re-imagining of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz  The miniseries averaged more than 6 3 million viewers during its first night, making it the top rated cable miniseries of 2007  She voiced Mary Spuckler in three episodes of The Simpsons, since debuting in the 2008 episode "Apocalypse Cow", and guest-starred with her sister Emily in a 2009 episode of the Fox crime procedural drama Bones  In 2011, she landed a starring role in the Fox sitcom New Girl  For her portrayal as goofy school teacher Jessica Day, she received nominations for three Golden Globe Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award, and won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series 

Film
Television
Music videos
Video games
Discography
Soundtrack performances
Guest album appearances
Notes
Passage 4:
Self Control (album)
Self Control is the third studio album by American singer Laura Branigan, released in April 1984, by Atlantic Records  The album peaked at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 and has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)  Internationally, it charted within the top five in several continental European countries 
Four singles were released from the album, including Branigan's cover version of Raf's "Self Control", which was a commercial success, peaking at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and topping the charts in Canada and several European countries  Additionally, "The Lucky One" peaked at number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100, while her cover of Umberto Tozzi's "Ti amo" reached number two in Australia and number five in Canada 
A remastered and expanded edition of Self Control was released on April 25, 2013, by Gold Legion, including remixes of "The Lucky One" and "Satisfaction", as well as the extended version of "Self Control" 

Track listing
Notes
^[a]  signifies English lyrics
^[b]  signifies original music
^[c]  signifies original words

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Self Control 

Musicians
Technical
Jürgen Koppers – engineering, mixing
Harold Faltermeyer – additional engineering
Peter Luedemann – additional engineering
Jeremy Smith – additional engineering
Gary Skardina – additional engineering
Keith Buckley – engineering assistance
Jon Ingoldsby – engineering assistance
Matt Forger – engineering assistance
Brian Gardner – mastering
Jack White – production, executive production
Robbie Buchanan – production

Artwork
Tim Lohman – front cover photo
Paul Lohman – creative direction
Bob Defrin – art direction
Lynn Dreese Breslin – design
Daniela Scaramuzza – back cover photo

Charts
Certifications
Notes
Passage 5:
Chloe (film)
Chloe is a feminine given name 
Chloe may also refer to:

Places
Chloe, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
402 Chloë, an asteroid named after the goddess

Arts, entertainment, and media
Films
Chloé (1996 film), a French television film starring Marion Cotillard
Chloe (2009 film), an erotic thriller film
Chloe, Love Is Calling You, a 1934 American film directed by Marshall Neilan

Music
Chloe, an album by Willie Nelson
"Chloe", a song by Grouplove
"Chloe", a single from Elton John's album The Fox
"Chloe", a song by Spike Jones
"Chlo-e (Song of the Swamp)"
"Chloe (You're the One I Want)", the debut single of American pop rock trio Emblem3 from Nothing to Lose

Other arts, entertainment, and media
Chloé (artwork), an 1875 painting by Jules Lefebvre
Chloe (TV series)
Fictional characters with the name (see Chloe)
Chloe (Hollyoaks), a character from the British series Hollyoaks

People
Chloë (Australian singer)
Chloe Bailey (born 1998), American singer known mononymously as Chlöe
Chloe Lowery (born 1987), American singer known mononymously as Chloe

Weather formations
Hurricane Chloe, in the 1967 Atlantic hurricane season
Tropical Storm Chloe, in the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season

Other uses
Chloé, a French luxury fashion house established in 1952
Project CHLOE, a civilian anti-missile defence system
Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate, a birth control pill
Chloe, the brand name of the oral contraceptive co-cyprindiol (cyproterone acetate/ethinylestradiol)
Chloe, an epithet for the Greek goddess Demeter, meaning the green shoot
Chloe, DOS software for handling chess problems

See also
All pages with titles beginning with Chloe
All pages with titles containing Chloe
Chole (disambiguation), a disambiguation page
Cloe, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
"@Chl03k", a song by Modern Baseball (band)
Passage 6:
Atom Egoyan
Atom Egoyan  (; Armenian: Աթոմ Եղոյեան, romanized: Atom Yeghoyan; born July 19, 1960) is a Canadian filmmaker  He was part of a loosely-affiliated group of filmmakers to emerge in the 1980s from Toronto known as the Toronto New Wave  Egoyan made his career breakthrough with Exotica (1994), a film set primarily in and around the fictional Exotica strip club  Egoyan's most critically acclaimed film is the drama The Sweet Hereafter (1997), for which he received two Academy Award nominations, and his biggest commercial success is the erotic thriller Chloe (2009)  He is considered by local film critic Geoff Pevere to be one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation Egoyan's work often explores themes of alienation and isolation, featuring characters whose interactions are mediated through technology, bureaucracy, or other power structures  Egoyan's films often follow non-linear plot structures, in which events are placed out of sequence in order to elicit specific emotional reactions from the audience by withholding key information In 2008, Egoyan received the Dan David Prize for "Creative Rendering of the Past " Egoyan later received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award, Canada's highest royal honour in the performing arts, in 2015 

Early life and education
Egoyan was born Atom Yeghoyan on July 19, 1960, in Cairo, then part of the United Arab Republic (now Egypt), to Armenian-Egyptian painters Shushan (née Devletian) and Joseph Yeghoyan  He was named Atom to mark the completion of Egypt's first nuclear reactor  He has a younger sister, Eve  In 1963, the family immigrated to Victoria, British Columbia due to the rise of Arab nationalism, and changed their last name to Egoyan 
As a teenager, Egoyan became interested in reading and writing plays  Influences included Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter  He also attributes his future in the film industry to Persona (1966), which he viewed at age 14, according to an interview he had with journalist Robert K  Elder for The Film That Changed My Life:

It gave me an incredible respect for the medium and its possibilities  To me, Persona marries a pure form and a very profound vision with absolute conviction  It's very inspiring  I felt that it was able to open a door that wasn't there before 
Egoyan graduated from Trinity College at the University of Toronto  It was at Trinity College that he came into contact with Harold Nahabedian, the Armenian-Canadian Anglican Chaplain of Trinity College  In interviews, Egoyan credited Nahabedian for introducing him to the language and history of his ethnic heritage  Egoyan also wrote for the University of Toronto's independent weekly, The Newspaper, during his time at the school 

Career
Egoyan began making films in the early 1980s; his debut film Next of Kin (1984) world-premiered at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg and won a major prize  He directed the 1985 Twilight Zone episode "The Wall"  His commercial breakthrough came with the film Exotica (1994)  He received the Grand Prix (Belgian Film Critics Association) in Brussels, the FIPRESCI Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, and Best Motion Picture at the Canadian Screen Awards (then called the Genie Awards)  However, it was Egoyan's first attempt at adapted material that resulted in his best-known work, The Sweet Hereafter (1997), which earned him three prizes at the 50th Cannes Film Festival: the Grand Prix, the FIPRESCI Jury Prize, and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury  The film also earned Egoyan Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay 
The film Ararat (2002) generated much publicity for Egoyan  After Henri Verneuil's French-language film Mayrig (1991), it was the first major motion picture to deal directly with the Armenian genocide  Ararat later won the award for Best Motion Picture at the Canadian Screen Awards, marking his third win  The film was released in over 30 countries around the world  In 2004, Egoyan opened Camera Bar, a 50-seat cinema-lounge on Queen Street West in Toronto  The bar has since closed Beginning in September 2006, Egoyan taught at the University of Toronto for three years  He joined the Faculty of Arts and Science as the Dean's Distinguished Visitor in theatre, film, music, and visual studies  He subsequently taught at Ryerson University  In 2006, he received the Master of Cinema Award of the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg 
In 2009, he directed the erotic thriller Chloe, which was theatrically released by Sony Pictures Classics on March 26, 2010  This film grossed $3 million in box office sales in the United States and became one of the higher-grossing specialty films of the year in the United States  Several months after the DVD/Blu-ray release of Chloe, Egoyan said that Chloe had made more money than any of his previous films  The success of Chloe led Egoyan to receive many scripts of erotic thrillers In 2012, he directed a production of Martin Crimp's Cruel and Tender, starring Khanjian, at Canadian Stage in Toronto After the release of the West Memphis Three from 18 years in prison, Egoyan directed a movie about the case called Devil's Knot (2013) starring Reese Witherspoon and Colin Firth, based on a book, Devil's Knot: The True Story of the West Memphis Three by Mara Leveritt  His next feature, The Captive (2014), starred Ryan Reynolds and screened in competition for the Palme d'Or at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, where it received largely negative reviews from critics  Justin Chang from Variety described the film as "a ludicrous abduction thriller that finds a once-great filmmaker slipping into previously un-entered realms of self-parody "In 2015, Egoyan directed the thriller Remember, which starred Christopher Plummer and premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September, before being given a limited release in theatres  His latest film is the drama Guest of Honour, was nominated for a Golden Lion in competition in Venice in 2019, had a Special Presentation at the Toronto International Film Festival, and opening night galas in Vancouver and Montreal 
Beginning around 1996, Egoyan has directed several operas, including Salome, Così fan tutte, and The Ring Cycle, at the Canadian Opera, Vancouver Opera, Pacific Opera Victoria, and elsewhere 

Personal life
Egoyan is based in Toronto, where he lives with his wife, actress Arsinée Khanjian, who appears in many of his films, and their son, Arshile (named after the Armenian-American painter Arshile Gorky) 
In 1999, Egoyan was made an Officer of the Order of Canada; he was promoted in 2015 to Companion of the Order of Canada, the highest grade of the honour  In 2009, he won the 'Master of Cinema' award from the Mannheim Film Festival, 25 years after receiving his international festival premiere at the same event  In 2017, Egoyan was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the International Film Festival of India 

Filmography
Feature films
TV films
In This Corner (1986)
Gross Misconduct (1993)
Sarabande (1997)
Krapp's Last Tape (2000)

Short films
Howard in Particular (1979)
After Grad with Dad (1980)
Peep Show (1981)
Open House (1982)
Men: A Passion Playground (1985)
Looking for Nothing (1988)
Montreal Stories (Montréal vu par   ) (1991)
segment: En passant (In Passing)
A Portrait of Arshile (1995)
The Line (2000)
Diaspora (2001)
Chacun son cinéma / To Each His Own Cinema (2007)
segment: Artaud Double Bill
Venezia 70 Future Reload (2013)
segment: Butterfly
Festival du Nouveau Cinéma (2014)
segment: L'Apparition (d'après René Magritte)

Documentary films
Citadel (2003)

Bibliography
Dear Sandra, Volumina (2007)
Passage 7:
Saif Ali Khan
Saif Ali Khan Pataudi (pronounced [ˈsæːf əˈli xaːn]; born Sajid Ali Khan Pataudi; 16 August 1970) is an Indian actor and film producer who works in Hindi films  Part of the Pataudi family, he is the son of actress Sharmila Tagore and cricketer Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi 
Khan made his acting debut in Parampara (1993)  He failed to earn hits with solo lead films in the 90s and had rare successes only in the multi-starrers Yeh Dillagi (1994), Main Khiladi Tu Anari (1994), Kachche Dhaage (1999) and Hum Saath-Saath Hain (1999)  It was the 2000s when Khan proved his potential as an established actor starting with the sleeper hit Kya Kehna (2000) and won several accolades for the ensemble romantic comedy-dramas Dil Chahta Hai (2001) and Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003)  Further critical and commercial success came with Hum Tum (2004), Parineeta (2005), Salaam Namaste (2005) and Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007) 
Khan also earned critical acclaim for playing a manipulative businessman in Ek Hasina Thi (2004), an apprentice in the English film Being Cyrus (2006) and an antagonist in Omkara (2006)  His biggest hits as lead include Race (2008), Love Aaj Kal (2009), Cocktail (2012) and Race 2 (2013)  After another string of under-performing ventures, Khan was appreciated for headlining Netflix's first original Indian series Sacred Games (2018) and the main antagonist in the historical drama Tanhaji (2020), which ranks as his highest grossing release 
Khan has won several accolades, including a National Film Award and seven Filmfare Awards, and received the Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award in 2010  He has been noted for his performances in a range of film genres—from crime dramas to action thrillers and comic romances  In addition to film acting, Khan is a frequent television presenter, stage show performer, and the owner of the production companies Illuminati Films and Black Knight Films 

Early life and family
Khan was born on 16 August 1970 in New Delhi, India to Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, a former captain of the Indian national cricket team, and his wife Sharmila Tagore, a film actress  Khan's father, who was the son of the last ruling Nawab of the princely state of Pataudi during the British Raj, received a privy purse from the Government of India under terms worked out in the Political integration of India and was allowed to use the title Nawab of Pataudi until 1971 when the title was abolished  Following Mansur Ali Khan's death in 2011, a symbolic pagri ceremony was held in the village of Pataudi, Haryana to "crown" Khan as the "tenth Nawab of Pataudi", which Khan attended to please the sentiments of the villagers, who wanted him to continue a family tradition  Khan has two younger sisters, jewelry designer Saba Ali Khan and actress Soha Ali Khan, and is the paternal grandson of Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi who played for the Indian cricket team in England in 1946, and Sajida Sultan, the Nawab Begum of Bhopal  Hamidullah Khan, the last ruling Nawab of Bhopal was his great-grandfather, and the cricketer Saad Bin Jung is his first cousin Speaking about his childhood, Khan said that he was exposed to a "life beyond movies", and his mother described him as someone who was "not an easy child [   ] He was impulsive [and] spontaneous " Saif grew up a Muslim, but now identifies as agnostic  As a child, he recalls fond memories of watching his father playing cricket in the garden, and has emphasised his father's education and background as having a lasting impression on how family life was conducted  Khan studied at The Lawrence School, Sanawar in Himachal Pradesh and was later sent to Lockers Park School in Hertfordshire at the age of nine  He next enrolled at Winchester College and explained that "I did not take advantage of my tenure [there]  My classmates went on to Oxford and Cambridge, but I was not academically inclined  When I applied myself, which was not often, I stood first  I should have studied harder "After graduating from the boarding school, Khan returned to India and worked for an advertising firm in Delhi for two months  He later appeared in the television commercial for Gwalior Suiting on the insistence of a family friend, and was subsequently cast by director Anand Mahindroo  The project eventually got cancelled but Khan relocated to Mumbai to pursue a career in film; he recalls, "Finally I had some direction and focus  I remember [   ] feeling so excited that I could go to Mumbai, stay in my own place and enjoy the adventure of starting my own career "

Personal life and career
First marriage, early roles and career struggles (1991–2000)
In 1991, Khan was cast as the male lead in Rahul Rawail's romantic drama Bekhudi (1992) alongside debutante Kajol, but after completing the first shooting schedule of the film, he was considered to be unprofessional by Rawail and was replaced by Kamal Sadanah  While filming Bekhudi, Khan met actress Amrita Singh whom he married in October 1991  Singh gave birth to their daughter, Sara Ali Khan (b  1995) and a son (b  2001)  The couple separated in 2004 In 1993, Khan made his acting debut with Yash Chopra's Parampara  The film, which tells the story of two estranged brothers (played by Aamir Khan and Khan), failed to find a wide audience  In 1993, he appeared opposite Mamta Kulkarni and Shilpa Shirodkar in the box office flops Aashiq Awara and Pehchaan  For his performance in the former, Khan earned the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut at the 39th Filmfare Awards Following an appearance in the moderately successful Imtihaan (1994) with Raveena Tandon and Sunny Deol, Khan paired up with Akshay Kumar for next two releases— Yash Raj Films' hit romantic comedy-drama Yeh Dillagi and the action film Main Khiladi Tu Anari  The former was an unofficial remake of the 1954 Hollywood film Sabrina, and depicted a love triangle between a chauffeur's daughter (played by Kajol) and the two sons of her father's employers (played by Kumar and Khan)  Main Khiladi Tu Anari (the second film in the Khiladi series) featured Khan as an aspiring actor, and emerged as the fifth highest-grossing film of the year  Bollywood Hungama reported that the success of both films proved a breakthrough for Khan, and his performance in Main Khiladi Tu Anari fetched him his first nomination for the Best Supporting Actor at the Filmfare Awards  The Indian Express singled out his performances in both films, noting his comic timing in the latter as keeping the audience "in splits whenever he appears on screen"  Khan's next two releases of the year, the dramas Yaar Gaddar and Aao Pyaar Karen, were unsuccessful  His career observed a steady decline through the 1990s; all nine films he starred—Surakshaa (1995), Ek Tha Raja (1996), Bambai Ka Babu (1996), Tu Chor Main Sipahi (1996), Dil Tera Diwana (1996), Hameshaa (1997), Udaan (1997), Keemat: They Are Back (1998) and Humse Badhkar Kaun (1998)—were commercially unsuccessful  During this time, the critics perceived his career to be over 
After four consecutive years of poorly-received films, Khan's career prospects began to improve in 1999; he appeared in four films: Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan, Kachche Dhaage, Aarzoo and Hum Saath-Saath Hain  The romantic comedy Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan (alongside Twinkle Khanna) and the romance Aarzoo (alongside Madhuri Dixit and Akshay Kumar) earned little at the box office, but the action-thriller Kachche Dhaage (a story about two estranged brothers becoming the target of a terrorist conspiracy) was Khan's first commercial success since Main Khiladi Tu Anari  Directed by Milan Luthria, the film was generally well received but critics noted that Khan was overshadowed by co-actor Ajay Devgn  The film, however, earned Khan his second Best Supporting Actor nomination at Filmfare  Khan described his final release of the year, the Sooraj Barjatya-directed family drama Hum Saath-Saath Hain, as a "morale-booster"



ground_truth: 37.5

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the first name of the author who wrote the play in which Rønnaug Alten made her stage debut at Den Nationale Scene in 1930 as "Viola"?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: She made her stage debut at Den Nationale Scene in 1930 as "Viola" in Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night  During her career, she worked for various theatres, including Det Nye Teater (1931–38), Nationaltheatret (1935), Trøndelag Teater (1945–48), Riksteatret (1949–51), Folketeatret (1952–59), Oslo Nye Teater (1959–68) and Teatret Vårt in Molde (1972–74)  Her final performance was at the Riksteatret in 1975 Rønnaug Alten's film career began in 1936 with a role under film director Olav Dalgard  She also translated and organized a series of recordings for NRK  She served as an instructor principally for children's performances  She was a board member of the Norwegian Actors' Equity Association  
She was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St  Olav in 1982  Also in 1982, she shared the award for Best Actress at the 18th Guldbagge Awards with Sunniva Lindekleiv and Lise Fjeldstad for their roles in Little Ida 

External links
Rønnaug Alten at IMDb
Passage 7:
Viola (Twelfth Night)
Viola is the protagonist of the play Twelfth Night, written by William Shakespeare 

Role in the play
Viola's actions produce all of the play's momentum  She is a young woman of Messaline  In the beginning, Viola is found shipwrecked on the shores of Illyria and separated from her twin brother, not knowing whether he is alive or dead, the Sea Captain tells her that this place is ruled by the Duke Orsino, who is in love with Countess Olivia  Viola wants to serve her, but, finding this impossible, she has the Sea Captain dress her up like a eunuch, so she can serve the Duke instead 
Viola chooses the name Cesario and secures a position as a page working for the Duke  He then entrusts Cesario (Viola) to express his love for Olivia, without knowing that Viola had begun to fall in love with him  When Viola hears this she is heartbroken but listens reluctantly  Cesario continues to pass messages back and forth between the Duke and Olivia, but this eventually places her in somewhat of a quandary: she is forced by duty to do her best to plead Orsino's case to Olivia, but an internal conflict of interest arises when she falls in love with Orsino, and Olivia, believing her to be male, falls in love with her  Upon receiving a ring from Olivia's steward, Viola contemplates the love triangle her disguise has created, admitting only time can solve it 
When Sebastian, Viola's lost twin, arrives alive and well in Illyria with a pirate named Antonio, the chaos of mistaken identity ensues because of their remarkably similar looks, only made more similar due to Viola dressing up as a male  The absurdity of the identity crisis builds until Sebastian and Viola as Cesario meet for the first time, and eventually recognise one another  Olivia and Sebastian have already been secretly married, as she mistook him for Cesario, and Sebastian, ignorant of the foregoing love triangle, was simply entranced by a beautiful woman  Ultimately then, given what he has witnessed, Orsino admits that he will no longer pursue Olivia, agreeing to love her as his sister, and decides to take Viola as his wife once she quits her disguise 
Although Viola is the play's protagonist, her true name is not spoken by any character—including herself—until the final scene of the play (Act 5, scene 1) 

Art and stage depictions
Circa 1771 Francis Wheatley used actress Elizabeth Younge as a model to paint Viola in Act III, Scene 4 after she and Sir Andrew have drawn swords (painting top-right) 

William Hamilton painted the confrontation between Olivia and Viola circa 1797: in Act V, Scene 1 Olivia believes Viola (dressed as Cesario) to be Sebastian (Viola's twin brother) who she has just married  After Viola denies any knowledge, incredulous Olivia asks the priest to confirm they were married just two hours prior Walter Howell Deverell used model Elizabeth Siddal in his 1850 painting, showing Viola as Cesario looking longingly at Duke Orsino 

In the mid-19th century Frederick Richard Pickersgill painted a few scenes, including: in Act 1, Scene 4 after the character Viola is shipwrecked, when she cross-dresses as Cesario, enters the service of Duke Orsino as his page and falls in love with him; and in Act 3, Scene 1 when Olivia declares her love for Cesario (1859 painting) 

In the 20th century German actress Lucie Höflich played Viola in Was ihr wollt (Twelfth Night in German) at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin Tallulah Bankhead played Viola in a 1937 radio broadcast of the play Eddie Redmayne made his professional stage debut as Viola for Shakespeare's Globe at the Middle Temple Hall in 2002 In 2009, Anne Hathaway played Viola in the Shakespeare in the Park production of Twelfth Night in Central Park, directed by David Sullivan 

Film representations
Twelfth Night (1910) – Directed by Eugene Mullin – Viola: Florence Turner
Twelfth Night (1937) – Director N/A – Viola: Dorothy Black
Twelfth Night (1939) – Directed by Michel Saint Denis – Viola: Peggy Ashcroft
Twelfth Night (1957) [TV] – Directed by David Greene – Viola: Rosemary Harris
Twelfth Night (1957) – Directed by Caspar Wrede – Viola: Dilys Hamlett
Twelfth Night (1969) – Directed by John Sichel – Viola: Joan Plowright
Twelfth Night (1974) – Directed by David Giles – Viola: Janet Suzman
Twelfth Night (1980) [TV] – Directed by John Gorrie – Viola: Felicity Kendal
Twelfth Night (1987) – Directed by Neil Armfield – Viola: Gillian Jones
Twelfth Night or What You Will (1988) – Directed by Kenneth Branagh of the Royal Shakespeare Company/produced for television by Thames Television – Viola: Frances Barber
Twelfth Night, or What You Will (1988)– Directed by Paul Kafno – Viola: Frances Barber
Twelfth Night (1992) – [Animated Tales] – Directed by Mariya Muat – Viola: Fiona Shaw
Twelfth Night (1996) – Directed by Trevor Nunn – Viola: Imogen Stubbs
Twelfth Night, or What You Will (1998) [TV] – Directed by Nicholas Hytner – Viola: Helen Hunt
Twelfth Night, or What You Will (2003) – Directed by Tim Supple – Viola: Parminder Nagra
She's the Man (2006) – Directed by Andy Fickman – Viola: Amanda Bynes (Inspired by Twelfth Night)
Passage 8:
Gustav Thomassen
Gustav Thomassen (16 February 1862  – 6 May 1929) was a Norwegian stage actor and theatre director 

Biography
Thomassen was born in Bergen, Norway   He was the son of Salmaker Osmund Thomassen (1816-1892) and Caroline Olava Thomine Eckhoff (1828-1871)  He made his stage debut in 1881 at Den Nationale Scene in Bergen   He worked at Den Nationale Scene until 1905, and served as theatre director from 1900 to 1905 From 1905 to 1929 he worked as an actor and instructor at Nationaltheatret in Oslo   He was noted for his title role in the four act comedy Jan Herwitz  Gamle Bergensbilleder which was written by  Hans Wiers-Jenssen in 1913  From 1916-1923, he worked as a director  His main effort at the Nationaltheater was the staging of comedies by Ludvig Holberg, especially Jeppe på bjerget (1722), Den Stundesløse (1723) Erasmus Montanus (1722)  and Barselstuen (1723) 
Passage 9:
Kolbjørn Buøen
Kolbjørn Buøen (20 January 1895 – 5 October 1975) was a Norwegian actor  He was born in Flå  He made his stage debut at Den Nationale Scene in Bergen in 1920  He played "the hangman" in the first stage adaptation of Pär Lagerkvist's Bödeln in 1934, a play that received much attention  Buøen was appointed at Den Nationale Scene from 1920 to 1938, and thereafter at Nationaltheatret from 1938 to 1965  He made his film debut in 1951, in Kranes konditori  He received the Norwegian Theatre Critics Award in 1957 

External links
Kolbjørn Buøen at IMDb
Passage 10:
Thomas Thomassen
Thomas Thomassen (19  November 1878 – 7  January 1962) was a Norwegian actor, director and theater manager 
Thomassen was born in Tønsberg, Norway  He was the son of Thomas Marthinius Thomassen (1845–1925) and Laura Christine Thoresen (1847–1931) 
He made his stage debut in 1900 at Centralteatret  He served as theatre director of Stavanger Faste Scene from 1918 to 1921, and of Den Nationale Scene in Bergen from 1925 to 1931 He chaired the Norwegian Actors' Equity Association from 1915 to 1918, and from 1924 to 1925 In 1904, he married Ingebjørg Klafstad (1878–1961)  He was the father of the actor and director Knut Thomassen (1921–2002) 
Context 3:  The film featured an ensemble cast (Mohnish Behl, Tabu, Salman Khan, Sonali Bendre and Karisma Kapoor) and emerged as the highest-grossing film of the year, earning over ₹800 million (US$10 million) worldwide  During the filming of Hum Saath-Saath Hain, Khan was charged with poaching two blackbucks in Kankani along with co-stars Salman, Tabu, Bendre and Neelam Kothari  That year, he also appeared briefly in the David Dhawan-directed comedy Biwi No 1, a box office hit The drama Kya Kehna by director Kundan Shah was Khan's only release of 2000, in which he played the casanova Rahul Modi  Co-starring alongside Preity Zinta and Chandrachur Singh, Khan compared the portrayal of his character with his own evolving maturity as a father  The film addressed themes of single parenthood and teenage pregnancy and emerged a sleeper hit  The Indian Express believed that Khan "looks debauched enough to be the rogue he plays  He is the only dark aspect in a film that is sunny and bright even at its most tragic "

Rise to prominence (2001–2004)
In 2001, Khan appeared in Eeshwar Nivas' box office flop Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega, (a film loosely inspired by the 1996 black comedy Fargo) following which he featured alongside Aamir Khan and Akshaye Khanna in Farhan Akhtar's coming-of-age comedy drama Dil Chahta Hai  Depicting the contemporary routine life of Indian affluent youth, it is set in modern-day urban Mumbai and focuses on a major period of transition in the lives of three young friends  Khan played Sameer Mulchandani, a "hopeless romantic", and was particularly drawn to the qualities of his character  Dil Chahta Hai was highly popular with critics and won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi; it performed well in the big cities, but failed in the rural areas, which was attributed by critics to the urban-oriented lifestyle it presented  The feature marked a significant turning point in Khan's career, earning him the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role and awards for Best Supporting Actor at the Screen, Zee Cine and International Indian Academy (IIFA) ceremonies  Rediff com wrote that Khan was able to rise above his "under-sketched character", and the critic Taran Adarsh described him as "excellent", arguing that it was his "career-best performance" 
Following an appearance in two poorly-received films: Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein (2001) and Na Tum Jaano Na Hum (2002), Khan played a photographer in the second chapter ("No Smoking") of Prawaal Raman's anthology ensemble thriller Darna Mana Hai (2003)  The film failed to find a wide audience and earned little at the box office Bollywood Hungama described his next film, the Nikhil Advani-directed romantic comedy-drama Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003), as a "landmark" in his career  Set in New York City, it was written by Karan Johar and co-starred Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan and Preity Zinta  With a worldwide revenue of over ₹860 million (US$11 million), the film was received favourably by critics, and became India's biggest hit of the year  It also did well internationally and became the highest-grossing film of the year overseas  Khan was cast in the role of Rohit Patel—a carefree young man who falls in love with Zinta's character—after Advani had seen his performance in Dil Chahta Hai  Writing for Outlook, Komal Nahta described Khan as a "natural" and "extremely endearing", and Ram Kamal Mukherjee from Stardust opined that he was successful in displaying "a gamut of emotions"  Khan garnered several awards for his performance, including his first Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor, and expressed gratitude to Shah Rukh for teaching "me so much—mainly the responsibility of the main lead"  He explained that the film's success led to Yash Raj Films casting him in the 2004 romantic comedy Hum Tum  At the end of the year, he appeared briefly as Cpt  Anuj Nayyar in J  P  Dutta's ensemble box office flop LOC Kargil In an attempt to avoid typecasting and broaden his range as an actor, Khan starred as Karan Singh Rathod in the thriller Ek Hasina Thi (2004), a character he described as "a Charles Sobhraj-meets-James Bond kind of a guy"  The film (which marked the debut of Sriram Raghavan) tells the story of a young woman (played by Urmila Matondkar) who meets with Khan's character, and is subsequently arrested for having links with the underworld  When Khan was initially offered the project, he was unable to do it due to his busy schedule  However, he agreed when Raghavan approached him for the second time, and in preparation for the role, exercised extensively for six months to achieve the physical requirements of his character  Upon release, the film was positively received by critics, with Khan's performing earning praise  Film critic Anupama Chopra wrote that Khan gave "an accomplished performance", whilst The Deccan Herald opined that he was successful in "break[ing] out of the cool dude stereotype" and "hold[ing] his own in a movie that is completely Matondkar's " For his performance, Khan received nominations at the Screen, Zee Cine and IIFA ceremonies 
For his next release, Khan featured in a starring role opposite Rani Mukerji in Kunal Kohli's Hum Tum, a romantic comedy about two headstrong individuals who meet at different stages of their lives  He was cast in the role of Karan Kapoor (a young cartoonist and womanizer) after Aamir Khan was unable to do the film; Kohli said, "I realised that the role needed a younger man [   ] someone who could present a more youthful picture  Saif has this unique quality, he can play a 21-year old as well as a 29-year old and was ideal for [the film] " With a worldwide revenue of ₹426 million (US$5 3 million), the film proved one of the biggest commercial successes of the year and Khan's first success in which he played the sole male lead  Rediff com wrote about his performance: "Saif reprises his urbane self from Dil Chahta Hai and Kal Ho Naa Ho, peppering it with occasional fits of introspection and angst, and marking himself as an actor whose time has come " He won the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role, in addition to his first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor, and was conferred the National Film Award for Best Actor at the 52nd National Film Awards amid much controversy  It marked the beginning of his work with Yash Raj Films, one of the largest production houses in Bollywood  In 2004, Khan began dating model Rosa Catalano whom he separated with three years later 

Established actor and film production (2005–2010)
In 2005, Rediff com published that Khan had established himself as a leading actor of Hindi cinema with starring roles in the romantic drama Parineeta and the comedy-drama Salaam Namaste  An adaptation of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's 1914 Bengali novella by the same name, Parineeta was directed by Pradeep Sarkar, and narrated the love story of an idealist (Lalita, played by Vidya Balan) and a musician (Shekhar, played by Khan), the son of a capitalist businessman  Although the film's producer, Vidhu Vinod Chopra, considered Khan to be too inexperienced for the part, he was persuaded by Sarkar who felt that Khan was perfect for the role  The film garnered critical acclaim upon release and Khan's portrayal earned him his second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor  Derek Elley from Variety wrote, "Khan, who has gradually been developing away from light comedy, again shows smarts as a substantial actor " Siddharth Anand's Salaam Namaste became the first Indian feature to be filmed entirely in Australia and went on to become the year's highest-grossing Bollywood production outside of India with worldwide ticket sales of ₹572 million (US$7 2 million)  The film tells the story of a contemporary cohabiting Indian couple (Khan and Preity Zinta) and their subsequent struggle with an unexpected pregnancy  Khan played the role of Nikhil Arora, a single modern young man who leaves India to make his own life in Melbourne  The critic Taran Adarsh praised Khan for delivering his third successive performance and Khalid Mohamed noted that he "rescues several untidily written scenes with his neat wit and that flustered [   ] facial expression "
He next played the protagonist in the English language art film, Being Cyrus (2006), co-starring alongside Naseeruddin Shah and Dimple Kapadia  Directed by debutant Homi Adajania, the psychological drama revolves around a dysfunctional Parsi family with who Khan's character moves into  The film received predominantly positive reviews, and Khan was particularly praised  Later in the year, he portrayed the character of Iago in Omkara, the Indian adaptation of William Shakespeare's Othello  Directed by Vishal Bhardwaj, the film is a tragedy of sexual jealousy set against the backdrop of the political system in Uttar Pradesh  The film premiered at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival and was also selected for screening at the Cairo International Film Festival  Omkara was received positively by critics, and Khan went on to receive widespread critical acclaim and accolades, earning the awards for Best Performance in a Negative Role at the Filmfare, Screen, Zee Cine and IIFA ceremonies; his performance was later included in the 2010 issue of the "Top 80 Iconic Performances" by Filmfare  Variety described it as a "powerhouse performance" and wrote that "[i]t is Khan's film through and through, in a performance of rugged, contained malevolence which trades on his previous screen persona as a likable best friend as well as his stint as the manipulative outsider in Being Cyrus  It is smart casting, superbly realized "By 2007, Khan was keen on branching out into film production to "explore various genres of commercial and intellectually stimulating cinema"  The critical success of Being Cyrus led him to create Illuminati Films and partner up with producer Dinesh Vijan, someone whom he shared a "like-minded perspective and ideology [   ] with regard to cinema"  Khan next reunited with producer Vidhu Vinod Chopra in the epic drama Eklavya: The Royal Guard (2007), alongside Amitabh Bachchan, Boman Irani, Sharmila Tagore and Vidya Balan  Set in the state of Rajasthan during the early years of Indian independence, the movie revolves around a jealous and ungrateful ruler and his ailing wife  Although the film did not succeed at the box office, it was chosen as India's official entry to the Oscars  BBC Online described the film as a "cinematic experience" and praised Khan's growth as an actor, particular noting his scene with Bachchan's character  Following an appearance in the poorly-received action-comedy Nehlle Pe Dehlla (a production that had been delayed since 2001), Khan featured opposite Rani Mukerji in the family drama Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007)  Directed by Siddharth Anand, it received mixed reviews from critics, but earned over ₹690 million (US$8 6 million) in India and abroad  Writing for Hindustan Times, Khalid Mohamed praised Khan for displaying a new maturity, but Rajeev Masand thought that neither he nor Mukerji "are able to make much of an impression because their characters are so unidimensional and boring "Khan received further success in 2008, starring in the Abbas–Mustan thriller Race with an ensemble cast including Anil Kapoor, Akshaye Khanna, Bipasha Basu, Katrina Kaif and Sameera Reddy  The feature was loosely adapted from the 1998 American film Goodbye Lover, and became one of the biggest box office hits, earning ₹1 03 billion (US$13 million) worldwide  CNN-IBN's Rajeev Masand found Khan to be a standout among the ensemble, adding that he has "the least dialogue, but the one who makes the best impression"  This was followed by three projects produced by Yash Raj Films: the action-thriller Tashan, the fantasy comedy-drama Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic, and the animated film Roadside Romeo, all of which were unsuccessful 
In 2009, Khan appeared in the romantic drama Sanam Teri Kasam, a production that had been delayed since 2000  The film garnered negative reviews and poor box office returns  Khan's role was small, and not well received  He next starred in his company's first project: Love Aaj Kal (2009), a romantic comedy-drama from the writer-director Imtiaz Ali  Featured opposite Deepika Padukone, the film documented the changing value of relationships among the youth, and Khan played dual roles—the younger part of Rishi Kapoor's character (Veer Singh) and Jai Vardhan Singh, an ambitious architect  Love Aaj Kal received highly positive reviews by critics and became one of the highest-grossing films of the year, earning over ₹1 billion (US$13 million) worldwide  Gaurav Malani of The Economic Times described his performance as "refreshing natural" and "outstanding"  At the 55th Filmfare Awards, Love Aaj Kal was nominated for Best Film and Khan received his fourth nomination for Best Actor He then starred in the terrorism thriller Kurbaan, alongside Kareena Kapoor, Vivek Oberoi and Dia Mirza  Produced by Dharma Productions, the film marked the directorial debut of Rensil D'Silva and featured Khan in the role of a terrorist  Upon release, Kurbaan was received favourably by critics and Khan's performance was critically acclaimed  A review in The Telegraph praised his "easy transition from a charming lover to a heartless man on a deadly mission "

Career fluctuations and second marriage (2011–2015)
In 2011, he appeared in Prakash Jha's multi-starrer drama Aarakshan  Set in the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, the film deals with the policy of caste-based reservations in government jobs and educational institutions  Khan portrayed the character of Deepak Kumar, a rebellious student who joins the mafia  To prepare for the role, Khan was required to take acting workshops along with the rest of the cast  Prior to its release, the film was banned from releasing in select cities across India due to its controversial subject  While the film received a mixed critical reaction, his performance was generally well received  The following year, Khan produced both of his films  For his first release, he collaborated once again with director Sriram Raghavan, as the protagonist in the action thriller Agent Vinod  Khan described it as his "most ambitious project", but the film opened to mixed reviews and eventually under-performed at the box office grossing ₹400 million (US$5 0 million) in India on a budget of ₹620 million (US$7 8 million) In his following release, Homi Adajania's romantic comedy-drama Cocktail, he featured as the software engineer Gautam Kapoor  Set in London, the film follows the story of Khan's character and his relationship with two temperamentally different women—an impulsive party girl (Veronica, played by Padukone) and a submissive girl next door (Meera, played by Diana Penty)  Khan described the project as "a love story with a modern sensibility and treatment", and agreed to produce and feature in the film after his role was declined by Imran Khan  Critics were divided in their opinion of the film, but it emerged a financial success grossing over ₹1 2 billion (US$15 million) worldwide  Gaurav Malani of The Times of India described Khan's performance as "effortless" and noted that he was in his "comfort zone"  On 16 October 2012, Khan married actress Kareena Kapoor (after a five-year courtship) in a private ceremony in Bandra, Mumbai, and a reception was later held at The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel and the Lutyens Bungalow Zone in Mumbai and Delhi respectively  The couple have two sons born in 2016 and 2021 respectively 
The following year, Khan collaborated with Padukone for the fourth time (alongside Anil Kapoor, John Abraham, Jacqueline Fernandez and Ameesha Patel) in Abbas–Mustan's Race 2 (2013), an ensemble action thriller that served as a sequel to Race (2008)  The film received predominantly negative reviews from critics, but with a total collection of ₹1 62 billion (US$20 million), it proved to be a commercial success  He was next cast as Boris, a "Russian mafia don", in Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D K 's Go Goa Gone (described as "India's first zom-com") alongside Kunal Khemu and Vir Das  Khan, who bleached his hair for the film, was particularly drawn to the project for its novel concept and its "action, comedy and violence"  The critic Rajeev Masand described the film as "a winning cocktail of laugh-out-loud dialogue and well-timed performances by the three leads", and in particular noted Khan's scene with Khemu's character  His final release of the year was Bullett Raja, a crime drama directed by Tigmanshu Dhulia, and co-starring Jimmy Shergill and Sonakshi Sinha  Khan explained that he found himself challenged playing the role of Raja Mishra (a common man who turns into a gangster) but "totally relied" on Dhulia's guidance  Bullett Raja earned little at the box office and received predominantly negative reviews  Writing for Firstpost, Mihir Fadnavis found Khan to be "miscast" and described his performance as "farcial" In an interview with The Times of India, Khan explained that he regretted starring in the 2014 Sajid Khan-directed comedy Humshakals  Co-starring alongside an ensemble cast (Ritesh Deshmukh, Ram Kapoor, Bipasha Basu, Tamannaah and Esha Gupta), Khan portrayed three different characters in an attempt to "expand my market" and step out of his comfort zone  The Hindustan Times described it as a "dim-witted comedy" and criticised Khan for being "the worst thing about [the film] " He next produced and featured in Happy Ending (2014), a romantic comedy directed by Raj Nidimoru and Krishna D K  NDTV's Saibal Chatterjee found Khan's character of a struggling writer to be "a breezy rejig of his Hum Tum and Salaam Namaste persona of a decade ago", and noted that "the many collegiate hook-ups and break-ups he pulls off in Happy Ending do not look completely at odds with the film's purpose " Humshakals proved to be a commercial disaster and Happy Ending underperformed at the box office Following a brief appearance in the comedy Dolly Ki Doli (2015), he appeared alongside Kaif in Kabir Khan's counter-terrorism drama Phantom (2015)  Based on the book Mumbai Avengers by Hussain Zaidi, the film is a retelling on the aftermath of the 26/11 Mumbai attacks  Khan was cast as Cpt  Daniyal Khan, a former soldier hired by the RAW agency  Phantom generated controversy when the Central Board of Film Censors deemed that the film represented Pakistan in a negative light and banned the film from releasing there  A review in The Hollywood Reporter noted that Khan was "well cast" and "believable" in his role, and Rachit Gupta of Filmfare described his performance as "a heady mix of bravado and restrained intensity [which] works in parts only " Although Khan was pleased with the film's performance, Phantom was generally perceived to be a box-office failure grossing ₹844 million (US$11 million) worldwide on a budget of ₹720 million (US$9 0 million)



ground_truth: William

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Was Atom Egoyans biggest commercial success on stage or on film?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 

Commercial setbacks and professional expansion (2016–present)
During his year-long absence from the screen, Khan actively looked to play different parts, saying: "These are smarter movies, the interaction with them is deeply rewarding    I think I am finally beginning to understand my sense of style as an actor  I am developing my craft, understanding what acting and communication is " He found the role in his second collaboration with director Vishal Bhardwaj, Rangoon (2017), an epic romance set during World War II  Cast alongside Shahid Kapoor and Kangana Ranaut, Khan drew inspirations from the mannerisms of his grandfather and the character Darth Vader to portray filmmaker Rustom "Rusi" Billimoria  Rajeev Masand termed the film "overlong, indulgent to the point of exhaustion", but praised Khan for "imbu[ing] Russi with the swagger and the arrogance of an aristocrat from the forties" He next starred as the protagonist (Roshan Kalra) in the comedy-drama Chef (2017), an official adaptation of the 2014 film of the same name, from the director Raja Krishna Menon  Khan was pleased to work with Menon and identified with the film due to its "modern, slightly unorthodox take on relationships"  He borrowed several real-life experiences for his character, and in preparation, trained at the JW Marriott Hotels in Mumbai  The film received generally positive reviews with several commentators believing that it was Khan's best performance to that point  Anupama Chopra wrote: "Khan get[s] his groove back    [He] doesn't play Roshan as a hero having a bad day  He gives us a flawed, fumbling man who is trying to repair the broken chords of his life " As with his last few releases, Rangoon and Chef earned little at the box office leading trade analysts to question his commercial appeal Following an appearance in the poorly-received black comedy Kaalakaandi (2018) directed by Akshat Verma, Khan appeared as Inspector Sartaj Singh in India's first Netflix original series, the crime thriller Sacred Games, based on Vikram Chandra's novel of the same name  Cast alongside Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Radhika Apte, Khan was drawn by the opportunity to be part of a "creative zone, devoid of certain pressures and constraints that one would associate with the kind of films we normally do " The show received high critical acclaim; Ankur Pathak of HuffPost called it "a sure-shot winner" and took note of Khan's "stellar performance, one that [he] chews on slowly as he disappears into the broken persona of a tormented cop " In his next release, he starred as the businessman Skakun Kothari in Gauravv Chawla's Baazaar, a drama set against the backdrop of Mumbai's stock exchange market  Khan worked with Chawla to provide off-screen inputs, and was attracted to the idea of playing the antagonist describing it as "a devious character" from the Indian epic poetry Mahabharata  The critic Udita Jhunjhunwala of Mint commended Khan for "blending the right amount of wickedness with willfulness", but Namrata Joshi found him to be "stiff [and] stern     to communicate a rather facetious sense of menace " Baazaar was a box-office failure grossing ₹399 million (US$5 0 million) worldwide on a budget of ₹340 million (US$4 3 million) 
Khan's desire to work in films for artistic merit irrespective of commercial appeal led him to feature as the protagonist in the action-drama Laal Kaptaan (2019)  Directed by Navdeep Singh, it is set in the 18th century and tells the story of a sadhu (Khan) who goes on a killing spree with the intention of exacting revenge upon a subedar  Filming in the barren landscape of rural Rajasthan proved physically daunting for Khan, and in preparation for the role, learnt sword-fighting, horse-riding and worked with a dialect coach to speak in a Rajasthani accent  He described it as "the hardest thing I have done so far", and considered the opportunity a critical learning experience that helped him personally and professionally; it eventually failed to do well  The HuffPost praised Khan's decision to choose "morally ambiguous roles", but noted that he was "too wooden, bereft of any allure or mystery "Khan began the new decade with a starring role in Tanhaji (2020), a historical drama directed by Om Raut  Set in the 17th century, it revolves around a Maratha warrior's (played by Devgn) attempt to recapture the Kondhana fortress from a Rajput fort keeper (Khan)  He was attracted to the idea of starring in a "larger-than-life" film and was challenged by Raut's insistence on overplaying his character; he explained that the process left him "very enriched" and was pleased with the collaboration  Tanhaji was acclaimed by critics and emerged as a major commercial success grossing over ₹3 67 billion (US$46 million) worldwide  Reviewing the film for Film Companion, Anupama Chopra found Khan's performance to be the film's prime asset and credited him for playing "the exaggerated evil with a cheeky panache " The Hindustan Times opined that Khan had delivered his best performance to date noting his "moments of mirth with his sinister laugh amid killing people " Tanhaji earned Khan his second Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor  His next release of the year was Jawaani Jaaneman, a comedy-drama about the life of a bachelor (Khan) who discovers that he has a daughter (played by Alaya Furniturewala)  The feature was produced under his new company, Black Knight Films, and received generally positive reviews  Kunal Guha of Mumbai Mirror found that the film allowed Khan to "slip into a familiar-yet-age appropriate avatar in a refreshing coming-of-age story "In 2021, Khan firstly appeared as a politician in Amazon Prime Video's web series Tandav created and directed by Ali Abbas Zafar  He has completed work on Varun V Sharma's crime comedy Bunty Aur Babli 2 opposite Mukerji and Pavan Kripalani's horror comedy Bhoot Police alongside Arjun Kapoor, Yami Gautam and Jacqueline Fernandez and reprise his role as Boris in the sequel of Go Goa Gone, entitled Go Goa Gone 2 with Khemu  In 2022, he collaborated with Hrithik Roshan for the film Vikram Vedha  He received praise for playing an honest cop where Saibal Chatterjee wrote "Saif Ali Khan makes a far better Vikram  He inhabits the character of the tough cop with conviction and exudes the external toughness that defines the man and his mission" 

Off-screen work
Alongside his acting career, Khan has participated in several concert tours and televised award ceremonies  He performed in his first concert tour, "Temptations 2004", with actors Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta, Arjun Rampal and Priyanka Chopra  Showcased in over 22 countries across the world, it became Bollywood's most prominent international concert to that point  In December 2005, Khan performed alongside the band Parikrama at the Mittal Gardens in New Delhi, and later reunited with them and Strings for "The Royal Stag Mega Music Concert" (a four-city concert tour) two years later  The following year, he was part of the "Heat 2006" world tour, along with Akshay Kumar, Preity Zinta, Sushmita Sen and Celina Jaitley  He later performed along with several other Bollywood personalities at the closing ceremony of the 2006 Commonwealth Games Since October 2011, Khan has taken the responsibility of managing his father's eye hospital and has also made public appearances to support various other charitable causes  In February 2005, Khan and several other Bollywood actors participated in the 2005 HELP! Telethon Concert to raise money for the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami  He took part in a charity cricket match organised by IIFA at Headingley Cricket Ground in West Yorkshire, England in 2007, and later hosted an event organised by the award ceremony to help raise funds for various charities in 2011  In November 2008, Khan performed in a concert to raise money for the victims of the 2008 Bihar flood and in September 2013, he attended a charity dinner organised by The Venu Eye institute, donating two of his personal belongings to help raise funds for cataract operations  Later that year, he spent time with underprivileged kids during the filming of Bullett Raja  In October 2014, Khan was appointed as an ambassador for Olympic Gold Quest and donated ₹2 million (US$25,000) to help raise funds for the training of athletes 

In the media
In an interview with Rajeev Masand, Khan described himself as "a very private person"  The journalist Roshmila Bhattacharya added, "Unlike most actors, his interests are not limited to box office collections and workout routines  [He] can converse on anything, from philosophy to politics, from sports to books and music " Filmfare wrote that earlier in his career, Khan gained a reputation for being arrogant, but later matured into "one of showbiz's biggest and most respected stars " During his career, he has played roles in both high-profile mainstream productions and lesser-publicised films of independent filmmakers, and has appeared in a range of film genres, although he has found a niche playing roles in romantic comedies  The Tribune wrote that his roles in Dil Chahta Hai (2001), Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003), Hum Tum (2004), Salaam Namaste (2005), Love Aaj Kal (2009) and Cocktail (2012) were "essentially endearing pretty boys", and the success of these films established him as the "poster boy for romantic comedies"  Beth Watkins explains the typical role Khan played in romantic comedies and its appeal:

"Perhaps related is his finesse for playing petulant, arrogant, almost insufferable young men in need of reform, which, this being Bollywood, they can easily achieve through the love of a good woman  Does his real-life golden status—with literature, cinema, cricket and royalty in his lineage—make him exceptionally effective at coming across as spoiled?"
One of the highest-paid actors in Bollywood, Khan is considered among the most popular and high-profile celebrities in India  He is known to commit heavily to each role and believes in "staying on a sharp learning curve"  This commitment, combined with busy schedule and heavy smoking resulted in a health scare in 2007  Analysing his career, the journalist Shomini Sen noted that "[t]he actor was part of some major films in the early 1990s [   ] yet critics wrote him of[f] due to lack of a screen presence and poor dialogue delivery " Critics noted that Dil Chahta Hai marked a major turning point for Khan, and credited him for pioneering a movement in actors being part of "a new genre of films which was more urban"; film historian Nasreen Munni Kabir stated that the film helped him find "his own style, combining great comic timing and a natural personality " Sen further explained that "his anglicized upbringing, which initially was a hindrance to his career, became his strongest point " Following his portrayal of a variety of character types in Ek Hasina Thi (2004), Parineeta (2005), Being Cyrus and Omkara (both 2006), Khan was noted for his versatility; India Today attributed his roles in these films to the establishment of a new image for leading actors in Bollywood, and The Tribune published that Khan had successfully "matured, both as an actor of substance and as a bankable star Starting in 2007, Khan's relationship with Kareena Kapoor became one of the country's most-reported celebrity stories, and they were listed amongst the top celebrity couple endorsers for brands and products worldwide  In a blog published by The Wall Street Journal, Rupa Subramanya described their marriage as India's "wedding and social event of the year"  Kapoor gave birth to their son Taimur in December 2016  From 2012 to 2019, Khan has featured on Forbes India's "Celebrity 100", a list based on the income and popularity of India's celebrities  He peaked at the fifteenth position in 2012 and 2014 with an estimated annual earning of ₹642 million (US$8 0 million) and ₹629 million (US$7 9 million) respectively  In 2003, Khan placed fourth on Rediff's list of "Top Bollywood Male Stars"  He was later ranked second in 2005, sixth in 2006 and seventh in 2007  In March 2011, Khan placed fifth on Rediff's list of "Top 10 Actors of 2000–2010"  He was ranked among the top 30 on The Times of India's listing of the "Most Desirable Men" from 2010 to 2015, and has additionally featured in the UK magazine Eastern Eye's "World's Sexiest Asian Men" list in 2008, 2011 and 2012  In 2010 and from 2012 to 2014, Khan was featured as one of the best-dressed male celebrities by the Indian edition of GQ magazine 

Accolades
Among Khan's film awards are a National Film Award for Best Actor and seven Filmfare Awards out of twelve nominations: Best Male Debut for Aashiq Awara (1993), Best Performance in a Comic Role for Dil Chahta Hai (2001) and Hum Tum (2004), Best Supporting Actor for Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003) and Tanhaji (2020), Best Performance in a Negative Role for Omkara (2006) and the "Moto Look of the Year" for Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003) 

See also
List of Indian film actors

Footnotes
Passage 8:
John Dunning (film producer)
John Dunning (April 27, 1927 – September 19, 2011) was a pioneering Canadian film producer from Montreal who co-founded the Canadian film production company Cinépix and produced early works by notable Canadian directors David Cronenberg and Ivan Reitman  Dunning launched Cinépix with partner André Link in Montreal in the early 1960s  Their biggest commercial success—and the first Canadian box office hit—came with Reitman's Meatballs (1979) 

Early life
Dunning was born in the Greater Montreal district of Verdun, Quebec—and into the film business  Dunning's father Mickey toured Quebec screening newsreel footage and later owned several cinemas  By the age of 13, John was working the candy counter at his family's Century Theatre in adjacent Ville-Émard  Upon his father's death several years later, Dunning managed the cinema, beginning a lifelong career in film 

Career
Dunning launched Cinépix with partner André Link in Montreal in the early 1960s  Initially a distribution company, Cinépix's first production was the 1969 erotic drama Valérie, which earned $1 million at the box office  Cinépix produced early work by David Cronenberg (Shivers) and Ivan Reitman (Meatballs)  The company also distributed art-house films including the grunge rock documentary Hype, Vincent Gallo's Buffalo '66, and SICK: The Life & Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist From 1989 to 1994, Cinépix was partners with Famous Players in C/FP Distribution, which was renamed Cinépix Film Properties (C/FP)  In 1994, Cinépix bought Famous Players' stake in the organization By 1997, Cinépix had a New York-based U S  distribution arm and owned 56 percent of Ciné-Groupe, an animated film production company Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation (LGEC) was formed in 1997 by Frank Giustra, a banker  LGEC purchased Cinépix and kept its leadership; Dunning, in turn, left the company  Cinépix was renamed Lions Gate Films on January 13, 1998 

Legacy
Dunning and Link were honoured for their contributions to the Canadian film industry at the 14th Genie Awards and were inducted into the Canadian Film and Television Hall of Fame in 2007 In June 2011, shortly before his death in September of that year, the Toronto Film Critics Association announced that Dunning would receive its Clyde Gilmour Award for lifetime achievement, with Cronenberg stating that "John Dunning is the unacknowledged godfather of an entire generation of Canadian filmmakers  I still consider him my movie mentor " The award was posthumously presented to Dunning's son Greg, at a ceremony in January 2012 Dunning's memoirs, You're Not Dead until You're Forgotten, were published in 2014 by McGill-Queen's University Press In 2017, the Canadian Screen Awards introduced the new John Dunning Discovery Award, presented to honour the year's best Canadian microbudget film  In 2019, it was merged with the former Claude Jutra Award, presented for the year's best debut film by a first-time director, into the contemporary John Dunning Best First Feature Award 
Passage 9:
Neethu
Neethu, also known as Neethu Shetty, is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Kannada-language films and a few Tulu and Malayalam films  She won acclaim and praise for movies like Joke Falls (2004), Beru (2005), Photographer (2006), Koti Chennaya (2007), Gaalipata (2008), Krishna Nee Late Aagi Baaro (2009) and many others 
She has done cameos in other successful movies like Abhinetri and Fair & Lovely  She has worked with notable actors Ramesh Aravind, V  Ravichandran, Mohanlal, H  G  Dattatreya, Kishore Kumar G, Ganesh, Jaggesh, Doddanna, Anant Nag, Diganth 

Career
Neethu Shetty acted in Punya, a serial directed by Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar and made her debut through the Jaggesh and Komal-starrer Govinda Gopala and then went on to act in a horror flick Yahoo, which was an average grosser  Her first commercially successful movie was Joke Falls, where she was paired alongside Ramesh Aravind, which was positively reviewed, and was directed by Ashok Patil  She then starred in the movie Beru, directed by P  Sheshadri, which received many accolades such as National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada and Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film 
She made her Malayalam debut alongside Mohanlal in the Malayalam film Photographer  She is a recipient of the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the Tulu language film Koti Chennaya  Her performance in her next movie, Poojari, opposite Aadhi Lokesh, brought her closer to the Kannada audience  She received positive reviews for her performance in the 2008 movie Gaalipata, which was a multi-starrer and a blockbuster hit  She received a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Kannada nomination  She later starred in films which some were successful, like Krishna Nee Late Aagi Baaro, Abhinetri and a few others  She also starred in movies such as Aithalakkadi and others that received negative reviews and failed at the box office 
She was a contestant in Bigg Boss Kannada 2, where she survived 80 days, hence becoming the first contestant in the history of Bigg Boss Kannada to be kept in a "secret room"  She was a part of the comedy show Bengaluru Benne Dose alongside Arun Sagar  She later appeared as a guest in Bigg Boss Kannada 4 along with Rishika Singh, Tsunami Kitty, N  C  Ayyappa and Bigg Boss Kannada 3 winner Shruti  She also was a part of box cricket league where she was a player for the team Davangere Lions, which emerged runners up 

Early life
Neethu was born in Mangalore, in the Karnataka State of India  Her father, Manjunath Shetty, was from the Bunt community and her mother, Mohini is from a Konkani speaking family  Neethu has a younger sister  They grew up and were educated in Mangalore  Her father died in 2011 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
Television



ground_truth: erotic thriller film