prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which ocean would the ingredients likely come from for the She-crab soup?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Avocado soup
Avocado soup is a fruit soup prepared using avocados as a primary ingredient  Ingredients used in its preparation in addition to ripe avocados can include milk, cream, half-and-half or buttermilk, soup stock or broth, water, lime juice, lemon juice, salt and pepper  Additional ingredients used can include onions, shallots, garlic, hot sauce, cilantro, red pepper, cayenne pepper and cumin, and water can be used to thin the soup  It is enjoyed widely in areas of Mexico as a classic dish 
The avocados are typically puréed or mashed, and sliced, diced or cubed avocado can be used as a garnish  Additional garnishes can include sliced lime, sour cream, chives, crab meat, shrimp and salsa fresca  It can be prepared and served as a cold or hot soup Avocado soup's color can change as time passes because oxidation causes avocados to brown, but this does not affect the soup's flavor  It can be a relatively easy dish to prepare that does not require a great deal of time 

See also
Avocado § Culinary uses
List of avocado dishes
List of cold soups
List of soups
Passage 2:
Lettuce soup
Lettuce soup is a soup prepared with lettuce as a primary ingredient  It may be prepared with myriad lettuces and other ingredients, and some lettuce soups may use several cultivars of lettuce in their preparation  It is a part of French cuisine and Chinese cuisine  Cream of lettuce soup is a type of lettuce soup prepared using milk or cream  The soup may be served with toast or rolls as a side dish or with the soup atop them  It may be served as an appetizer, a side dish or as a main dish, and may be served hot or cold 

Preparation
Lettuce is a primary ingredient, and several types of lettuce can be used, such as butter lettuce, cos lettuce, Boston lettuce, romaine lettuce, green leaf lettuce and iceberg lettuce, among others  The lettuce may be chopped, torn, shredded or sliced into ribbons  Additional ingredients may include, but are not limited to, chicken stock, beef stock, cream, milk, wine, lemon juice, egg or egg yolk, meats, rice, potato, greens, sorrel, watercress, Swiss chard, escarole, peas, parsley/dried parsley, bread crumbs, onion, shallot, garlic, salt and pepper, among others  Some preparations purée all of the ingredients together, and some preparations are strained in a sieve  Lettuce soup is sometimes served with toast or rolls, either as a side dish or with the soup poured upon it  Sometimes croutons or chopped bacon are used in the dish or to garnish it  In French cuisine, lettuce soup is usually served poured atop thin slices of lightly toasted French bread  Some versions are served cold  Total calories can vary depending on the ingredients used  For example, versions that use milk may have fewer calories than those that use cream 

Dishes
Chinese versions include Cantonese dishes such as "minced chicken with lettuce soup" and "fish with lettuce soup" 

See also
Lettuce sandwich
List of Chinese soups
List of French soups and stews
List of soups
List of vegetable soups
Passage 3:
Spinach soup
Spinach soup is a soup prepared using spinach as a primary ingredient  A common dish around the world, the soup can be prepared as a broth-based or cream-based soup, and the latter can be referred to as "cream of spinach soup " In China, a spinach and tofu soup is also known as "emerald and white jade soup"; spinach and tofu represent emerald and white jade respectively, and thus the spinach soup itself can be called "emerald soup"  Fresh, canned or frozen spinach can be used, and the spinach can be used whole, puréed or chopped  Additional ingredients can include onion, green onion, carrot, celery, tomatoes, potatoes, lemon juice, olive oil, seasonings, salt and pepper  Spinach soup is typically served hot, but can also be served as a cold soup  Prior to being served, it can be topped or garnished with ingredients such as sour cream and crème fraîche 

Gallery
See also
Passage 4:
Spring soup
Spring soup is a soup made with ingredients that are only in season for a short period during spring  Although asparagus largely characterizes spring soup, spring soup may include just about any spring vegetable added to a broth, chowder, or bisque  Spring soup is popular largely because it includes fresh ingredients not seen for a while by the consumer 

Characteristics
Where winter soups are hearty to "warm and fortify", spring soups aim to celebrate "new skies and freshness" by being "delicate and light, pretty and promising " Spring soups need lighter, brighter tastes and textures than their winter counterparts  A reason for this is that spring soups "capture the essence of the season in a clean-tasting, refreshing broth that showcases the pure flavors" of its ingredients Ingredients used in spring soup include a purée of pea, asparagus, rapini, and fennel, with asparagus being considered the quintessential spring vegetable to largely characterize spring soup  Spring soups typically show a subtle green color to reflect spring 

History
In 1828, The British Almanac provided housekeepers' information to add spring soup to a July menu  In 1896, the Holland Society of New York published a spring soup recipe that included amontillado, olives, almonds, chicken, and radishes  In 1898, spring soup was defined as a soup having a stock with any spring vegetables added that have first been parboiled in water, with the soup often colored with caramel 

See also
List of vegetable soups

Notes
Passage 5:
Tidewater region
Tidewater refers to the north Atlantic Plain region of the United States 

Definition
Culturally, the Tidewater region usually includes the low-lying plains of southeast Virginia, northeastern North Carolina, southern Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay  Speaking geographically, however, it covers about 50,000 square miles, from New York's Long Island in the north to the southernmost edge of North Carolina in the south, an area that includes the state of Delaware and the Delmarva Peninsula 
The cultural Tidewater region got its name from the effects of the changing tides on local rivers, sounds, and the ocean  The area has a centuries-old cultural heritage that sets the Tidewater region apart from the adjacent inland parts of the United States, especially with respect to its distinctive dialects of English, which are gradually disappearing, along with its islands and its receding shoreline 

Geography
The tidewater region developed when sea level rose after the last ice age, resulting in the flooding of river valleys in the coastal plain  Such flooded river valleys now make up the tidewater since tides continue to affect water levels far inland, in some cases all the way west to the Fall Line  It is generally flat and low, with large expanses near the tidal shorelines composed of tidal marsh and swamp  Much of the area is covered with pocosin and the higher areas are used for agricultural farmlands  Geographically, in North Carolina and Virginia the Tidewater area is the land between the Suffolk Scarp and the Atlantic Ocean  In Maryland the Tidewater area is the flooded river areas below the Fall Line   The Hampton Roads area of Virginia is considered to be  a Tidewater region   Southern Maryland and the Eastern Shore, parts of Delaware round out the northern part of the region on the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays 
The term tidewater may be correctly applied to all portions of any area, including Virginia, where the water level is affected by the tides (more specifically, where the water level rises when the tide comes in)  In the case of Virginia, the Tidewater region includes the land east of the Fall Line, the natural border with the Piedmont Region  It includes Hampton Roads, the rest of the Virginia Peninsula, the Middle Peninsula, the Northern Neck, and the Eastern Shore 
Planters in the early American colonies extended their tobacco and peanut productions above the Fall Line, where waterfalls or rapids mark the end of the Tidewater and the beginning of the foothill region known as the Piedmont Tidewater is host to flora commonly associated with the South Atlantic pine forests and lower Southeast Coastal Plain maritime flora, the latter found primarily in southeastern Virginia 

Regional accents
A distinctive non-rhotic accent of the Old South was spoken in the Tidewater coastal region of Virginia, best associated with upper-class white speakers of the 19th and early 20th centuries  In the actual islands of the Chesapeake themselves, a separate, rhotic accent survives among the locals, sometimes known as "Hoi Toider" 

See also
Hampton Roads
Inner Banks
Southern Maryland
Eastern Shore (Maryland)
Eastern Shore (Virginia)
Passage 6:
Peanut soup
Peanut soup or groundnut soup is a soup made from peanuts, often with various other ingredients  It is a staple African cuisine but is also eaten in East Asia (Taiwan), the United States (mainly in Virginia) and other areas around the world  It is also common in some regions, such as Argentina northwest, Bolivia and Peru, where it can sometimes be served with bone meat and hollow short pasta or fries  In Ghana it is often eaten with fufu or omo tuo and is often very spicy  Groundnut soup is also a native soup of the Benin (Edo) people in Nigeria and it is often eaten with pounded yam   Some of the essential ingredients used in making it are Piper guineense (uziza seed) and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) It is prepared from groundnut which is mashed into a paste, usually termed as groundnut paste  Groundnut soup is eaten with eba, fufu, banku, kenkey and so on  It is a delicacy that Nigerian, Ghanaian and people in other African countries consume, such as in Sierra Leone  In Ghana, it is known as nkatenkwan in Akan language 

Gallery
See also
Peanut stew
Palm nut soup
List of peanut dishes
List of soups
Passage 7:
She-crab soup
She-crab soup is a rich soup, similar to bisque, made of milk or heavy cream, crab or fish stock, Atlantic blue crab meat, and (traditionally) crab roe, and a small amount of dry sherry added as it is plated  It may be thickened either by heat reduction or with a purée of boiled rice; it may also include such seasonings as mace and shallots or onions   The soup is a regional specialty from the South Carolina Lowcountry   It is commonly featured on the menus of many Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia restaurants The soup is named for the "she-crab", or female crab, originally a gravid (roe-carrying) crab, as the orange crab roe comprise a chief ingredient in traditional she-crab soup   As with turtle soup, other ingredients may be added to the soup or substituted for others, although crabmeat is found in all versions 
Regulations in Maryland and other states restrict the collection of egg-bearing female crabs 

See also
Partan bree
List of cream soups
List of regional dishes of the United States
List of soups
Passage 8:
Syodon
Syodon is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids that lived approximately 267-260 million years ago during the middle Permian period of the Paleozoic era  These therapsids, located in Russia  were initially believed to be true mammals   Syodon was first named by Stephan Kutorga in 1838  The fossils of these synapsids were first discovered in the Molotov Province region of Russia in limestone beds with a high content of copper  However, scientists believe that these organisms likely come from higher rock beds due to increased specializations in their morphology 

Etymology
The name Syodon is derived from Greek meaning pig's tooth  This name likely stemmed from the protruding canines similar to that of the lower canines of a wild boar 

Diet
Syodon is characterized as a carnivore, likely feeding on small-bodied prey   They lack the ‘expansion of supraorbital bones over the orbits, which would act as a stress sink’ in certain hypercarniverous species such as thalattosuchian Dakosaurus  This thickened supraorbital regions also found in large theropods would have alleviated cranial stress used for feeding on large prey  Since this adaption is not found in Syodon it is thought they were limited to small animals and prey which they could easily consume with their limited jaw architecture 

Paleobiology
Syodon is characterized by possessing "bulbous" post-canines featuring significant wear facets in adults, whereas juveniles tend to have ‘bladelike’ post canines  The canine of Syodon is highly distinctive and allows it to be distinguished easily  They also possess a large, strongly curved ‘hook-like canine  Syodon also feature a set of smaller, replacement teeth out-of-place from the main palatine tooth row The snout of Syodon is relatively long narrow compared to the rest of the body  The snout comprises approximately 1/4 the length of the skill  These synapsids reached 1 2 m (4 ft) in length 

See also
List of therapsids
Archaeosyodon
Microsyodon
Passage 9:
Watercress soup
Watercress soup is a soup prepared using the leaf vegetable watercress as a primary ingredient  It may be prepared as a cream soup or as a broth/stock-based soup using vegetable or chicken stock  Additional ingredients used can include vegetables such as potato, leeks, spinach, celery and turnips, cheese, butter, lemon juice, salt and pepper  Watercress soup can be prepared as a puréed soup by mixing the ingredients in a food processor  It can be served hot or cold, and may be garnished with crème fraîche, shaved Parmesan cheese, drizzled olive oil and watercress leaves 

Gallery
See also
Cabbage soup
List of soups
Spinach soup
Vegetable soup
List of vegetable soups
Passage 10:
1996 PW
1996 PW is an exceptionally eccentric trans-Neptunian object and damocloid on an orbit typical of long-period comets but one that showed no sign of cometary activity around the time it was discovered  The unusual object measures approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) in diameter and has a rotation period of 35 4 hours and likely an elongated shape 

Description
1996 PW orbits the Sun at a distance of 2 5–504 AU once every 4,033 years (semi-major axis of 253 AU)  Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0 99 and an inclination of 30° with respect to the ecliptic Simulations indicate that it has most likely come from the Oort cloud, with a roughly equal probability of being an extinct comet and a rocky body that was originally scattered into the Oort cloud  The discovery of 1996 PW prompted theoretical research that suggests that roughly 1 to 2 percent of the Oort cloud objects are rocky 1996 PW was first observed on 9 August 1996 by the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) automated search camera on Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii  It is the first object that is not an active comet discovered on an orbit typical of long-period comets 1996 PW has a rotation period of 35 44±0 02 hours and a double-peaked lightcurve with a high amplitude of 0 44±0 03 magnitude (U=3)  Its spectrum is moderately red and featureless, typical of D-type asteroids and bare comet nuclei  Its spectrum suggests an extinct comet  The upper limit on 1996 PW's dust production is 0 03 kg/s 

See also
Extinct comets
List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion
Context 2: Passage 1:
Carolina Moraes
Carolina Moraes (born 5 April 1980) is a former synchronized swimmer from Brazil  She competed in the women's duet competition with her twin sister, Isabela Moraes, at both the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics  Both also competed for Ohio State University, winning 11 national championships, including the team routine title in 2000, and four straight titles in duet and trio routines between 1999 and 2002  Following the Olympics, Carolina and Isabela retired and joined Cirque du Soleil, with their first performance being as part of the 2005 World Aquatics Championships opening ceremony  Both have been  part of the cast of Le Rêve, a show presented in Las Vegas since 2007, though Carolina is less frequent as she travels with her husband, part of Cirque du Soleil's technical team 
Passage 2:
Isabela Moraes
Isabela Moraes (born 5 April 1980) is a former synchronized swimmer from Brazil  She competed in the women's duet competition with her twin sister, Carolina Moraes, at both the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics   Both also competed for Ohio State University, winning 11 national championships, including the team routine title in 2000, and four straight titles in duet and trio routines between 1999 and 2002  Following the Olympics, Carolina and Isabela retired and joined Cirque du Soleil, with their first performance being as part of the 2005 World Aquatics Championships opening ceremony  Isabela has been since 2007 part of Le Rêve, a show presented in Las Vegas 
Passage 3:
Zumanity
Zumanity (zoo-manity)  was a resident cabaret-style show by Cirque du Soleil at the New York-New York Hotel & Casino on the Las Vegas Strip, placed into the theatre previously occupied by Michael Flatley's Lord of the Dance (musical)  The production was unveiled on September 20, 2003 (previews started on August 14, 2003) and had its last performance on March 14, 2020  It was announced on November 16, 2020 that the show would be closing permanently  It is the first "adult-themed" Cirque du Soleil show, billed as "the sensual side of Cirque du Soleil" or "another side of Cirque du Soleil"  Created by René Richard Cyr and Dominic Champagne, Zumanity is a departure from the standard Cirque format  Intended to be for mature adult audiences only, this show is centered on erotic song, dance, acrobatics, and comedy The inspiration to create Zumanity  came from multiple sources  Cirque du Soleil founder Guy Laliberté had been offered the chance to create two new shows in Las Vegas, and wanted something completely new and original rather than multiple similar shows that would cannibalize off of each other's sales and audiences  Another reason was that the New York-New York Hotel and Casino wanted to make their entertainment appear more "trendy " The hotel liked the concept of a more adult Cirque du Soleil performance Laliberté admits that the biggest reason to produce this show was the chance to create something with riskier subject matter  He was interested in the idea of creating a show that explored human sexuality, something that was at complete odds with the other, more family-oriented Cirque du Soleil shows  "Our previous shows have all been family-oriented and politically correct, which is great," Laliberté said, "but we're human beings, we won't hide it  We're a bunch of happy campers  We like to live new experiences  Zumanity deals with some of those experiences "On February 22, 2022, Cirque du Soleil announced that a new show, "Mad Apple," would replace the Zumanity show at New York-New York Hotel and Casino, which opened on May 26, 2022 

Costumes
Thierry Mugler designed the costumes for Zumanity; he created the costumes to enhance the sensual atmosphere and heightened sexuality of the production   Many of the costumes are highly colorful, yet some are minimal to an exaggerated extreme  Fur, feathers, leather, lace, fishnet stockings, velvet dresses, tiny corsets, cone bras, and plastic accessories were primary materials utilized to create the costumes' provocative appeal  Jonel's costume, for example, is made of stretch vinyl and is airbrushed to create a semi-nude effect; her bright red wig is made of expanded foam  Faun has fur on his pants which is made from toothbrush bristles, human hair, and yak fur  Molinier's long velvet dress was created by using a stencil and net onto which black silicone was applied  Though some characters are made to look entirely nude, the sex organs are fake pieces  Zumanity had Cirque's most expensive and elaborate costumes, the Rose Boy's g-string alone costing $75,000 
For a great selection of character costumes and concept art, see Le Grand Chapiteau - Zumanity - Personages

The Human Zoo
The lobby was created in European style, with an emphasis on curves  A long lighting fixture on the ceiling looked to be made of many strips of golden silk  One of the walls was lined with what looked to be a burgundy, padded headboard  Along the headboard, there were peepholes that originally were conceived to show clips of erotic, vintage films, but eventually showed promotional posters of the show  There was a large window filled with blue swirls, and a glowing, golden fixture in the wall that seemed to resemble a labia  Another window with a frame that looked like branches or vines showcased the "Amsterdam Room," which had one of the performers in it, dancing and teasing the guests in the lobby  You could talk to the performer through a phone built into the wall  The lamps were elegant and attached to the wall by arms that looked porous  There was a small nook with a couch you could lay on, usually with one of the performers  The grand staircase leading to the balconies also looked to be made of vines, or even nerves possibly symbolizing the sense of touch 
The theatre had 3 bars, the Eroticafés: two on the ground floor and one upstairs  They served sushi and various drinks, the highlight being the Zumanitini  The Zumanitini was 1 oz  Vodka Citron, 1/2 oz  Cherry Pucker, and a splash of Triple Sec, Sweet and Sour, and cranberry  Next to one of the bars was a small stage that looked like someone's bedroom  You would always find one of the cast members beckoning to the guests from the bed  The restrooms were unique in that you would hear whispering and teasing at each station  Different from the other shows, Zumanity had multiple performers roaming the lobby, always ready to playfully flirt and take photos 
Entering the theatre itself, you'd find yourself in a cabaret, smaller and more intimate than the other resident Cirque du Soleil Las Vegas shows  The stage looked to be a marble parquet, with elegant, red curtains and two spiral staircases on either side  Above the stage was a bridge that the band played from, which could move up and down  Many chandeliers hung around the stage  The walls were lined with very dimly lit lamps  The carpet featured naked women in a style that looked similar to a Renaissance or Baroque painting  Around the back sides of the stage were barstools, and around the front circle of the stage were loveseats - special options on top of the normal theatre seating 
When the curtains opened, a giant structure called "The Wave" was exposed  These were two massive, wavey screens that images could be projected on  The screens could be moved into different positions 
The shop contained all sorts of novelties, from Zumanitini glasses to chocolate soap bars  Naturally, one could also find various adult-themed items 

The Show: 2003 - 2005
Animation
"Through a series of scene transitions, this comedic quartet supplies the counterpoint to all that is erotic and provocative about ZUMANITY  In a show filled with serious sexual tension, Spymonkey is a reminder of the importance of having a laugh at ourselves and having fun in the bedroom!"Spymonkey was composed of Toby Park, Petra Massey, Aitor Basauri Barruetabena, and Stephan Kreiss
Eliot Douglass plays a jazzy cabaret tune on the piano as the Molinier stands by with a cigarette  Zumans descend the spiral staircases to walk among the audience, with some stripping on stage  Luciene and Licemar Medeiros, twin sisters in showy French maid outfits, brush up against audience members in the aisles as they feed them strawberries  Antonio Drija, Zumanity's resident Gigolo, flirts with audience members, passes out calling cards, and takes polaroids  The Puritans, Spymonkey dressed up as Quakers, take to the stage protesting the show's obscenities, while ironically being a bit sexual themselves Welcome, "Hello boys, hello girls"
"Half-lit cigarette, empty martini glass, all these chicks lined up in a row on a street with no name in a city that never sleeps "
The Puritans are booted off stage  Joey Arias, our "Mistress of Seduction" madame, emcee and drag artist, sings a jazzy tune in her sensuous, smokey voice reminiscent of Billie Holiday  She then welcomes and warms the audience up for the coming show with laughs and very personal questions for the guests Warnings, "Rules of the House"
Lonnie Gordon, acclaimed dance, pop, and R&B singer, takes the stage, singing a song that highlights some things about the effects of the show that may surprise audiences, and what is prohibited  Eventually, Corinne Zarzour, Zumanity's rock diva, would join her Extravaganza
“Blaring horns and hammering drums announce the beginning of the fanfare  One by one the cast makes its fashionable entrance, parading down the catwalk in costumes every bit as vibrant, bold, and diverse as their spectrum of talents and personalities  It’s an incandescent introduction to the colorful cast of performers who will guide the audience on their journey into the world of ZUMANITY ”Wind and Wassa
"We summon the spirits of passion and hope "
"All at once a storm sweeps over the stage as Marcela [de la Vega Luna], Queen of the Wind, summons the spirits in a fevered flamenco dance  With smoldering intensity, her hypnotic trance stirs the soul, arouses the imagination and prepares the senses for an uninhibited transformation "
"Marcela awakens the unbridled passion in Wassa [Coulibaly]  Exploding into a vigorous African dance, her arms, legs and torso take on a primal energy of their own, flying erratically and erotically in rhythm to the intoxicating tribal pulse "Water Bowl
"Do you remember that first hint of something delicious and strange? Of water on parched lips? Or that very first glass of champagne? Do you remember how, in one magical moment, everything changed?"
"Abandoning their innocence, contortionists Gyula [Gyulnara Karaeva] and Bolormaa [Zorigtkhuyag] bathe in inhibition and taste love for the first time  Fluidly they glide through the water striking a sensual array of inconceivable poses to explore the limits of physicality, sexuality and creativity all at once "
Cirque's Amaluna would also showcase a water bowl act years later in 2012 Hoops
"Oh, innocence: so fleeting, so fragile  One day the sweet young thing, the next thing you know, you're soaking wet and lying naked in a hotel room in Vegas  Story of my life: 'what goes around, comes around '"
"Julia [Kolosova] brings to life the school girl fantasy  She gyrates and swivels as she guides her hoops up and down her lithe frame, ultimately engulfing her body  Then, without warning, the dream takes flight as she soars through the air performing daring feats of aerial choreography "
Julia hula hooped in midair while swinging around the theatre The Rose Boy
"I've been looking at all these beautiful, sexy, wonderful women up on stage tonight, and I know some of you are wondering, 'Where's the beef?' Does anybody want some roses?"
"Alex [Castro] peels away the tough exterior to expose his weakness    for the ladies  He tantalizes and teases the audience by revealing his chiseled body bit by bit in a sinfully seductive striptease "Pom Poms
Spymonkey comes out entirely nude (the privates were prosthetics) and teases the audience by covering themselves only by pom poms, which they remove to give quick flashes of their bodies  At one point, one of the members crawls over the audience's seats with his privates getting entangled in guests' hair Body2Body
"These days I live for the elicit tingle of skin on skin, the taste of sweat, and the pungent scent of passion  How about you? Are there parts of your lover's body you've left unexplored, untouched, untasted? Well, my only question is, "What are you waiting for?'"
"Sara [Joel] and Stéphan [Choinière] entwine in a tantric, hand-balancing duet that underscores the beauty of sex  Featuring a breath-taking array of Kama Sutra-inspired maneuvers, their act portrays the discovery of a lover’s body with dramatic strength, flexibility and trust "
The artists maneuver their bodies into various shapes, making living, human sculptures  Body2Body can be related to hand-2-hand, although it is done quite differently  The performers use their entire bodies to lift each other, and the act has high emphasis on choreography Expressions and Dislocation
Expressions: Interlude into Dislocation where the Fauna [Jesse Villa] breakdances on the stage 
Dislocation: "Limber Lothario, Moukhtar [Gusengadzhiev], performs on command for his sadomasochistic sirens, who derive pleasure from watching him squirm  Redefining flexibility, his elastic body bends, twists, and contorts into nature-defying positions that inspire both 'awes' and 'ows '"Dance on TV
"Gorgeous good girl, Elena [Gatilova], breaks out of her shell to grab her lover’s attention  Turning up the heat on love gone flat, she ignites the scene with her feminine wiles, sultry gymnastics and dance to rekindle the flame and make her lover see her again as if for the very first time "
This act features a television set in the middle of the stage, with multiple men watching the sports game playing on the set  Elena dances on the TV, trying to get their attention  Eventually she succeeds and the sports game turns to static  Zumanity's other female dances take the stage, and they all remove their tops and dance on chairs for the men 2Men
"Tumultuous lovers Patrick [King] and Johan [King Silverhult] tango in the throes of passion  Through their fierce choreography unfolds a love story between two deities, Love and War  Again and again they attract and repel in intense conflict until the magnetic energy between them becomes more than they can bear "
Patrick and Johan perform a violent dance in a cage, symbolizing fighting  They are sparring over Marcela, who dances in the background in a flamenco dress, egging them on  As the fight goes on, it becomes softer and more sensual, and the brilliant red light behind Marcela starts to grow smaller  The fighters eventually lose all focus on Marcela, give one big, passionate kiss, and walk off the stage together, to Marcela's great dismay Revenge of the Doll
Spymonkey reappears to shed their sexual inhibitions  One of them carries a sex doll onto the stage, preparing to have fun with it  He is chased by a few of the others dressed as policemen  When he comes back out, the doll comes to life to hump the audience members and the cast  Originally, there was also a segment where Spymonkey used gags to mock some of the previous acts, much like in Cirque's Dralion Savage Love, Market, Fire, and Aerial Straps
"Are you still hiding from monsters under your bed? Skeletons in your closet? Follow me to a place where rules are broken and pleasure dances with pain  Just be careful what you ask for    you might just get exactly what you deserve "
Market, part 1: First, arabesque music plays as the Boteros juggle dildos, Zumans flail in chains, and Jonel Earl dances with a whip  The interlude resembles a sadomasochistic circus  This act originally contained 2 pythons, Adam and Yves, some of Cirque's only animals ever used in its shows  This interlude would remain in the show until its closing 
Fire: Fire was only in the show for a few weeks, but it featured Heidi Good and Jila Alaghamandan in very showy S&M leather outfits as they performed a fire dance  Androgynous Cape ["Almukatab" Jacobo Espina] also danced with one of the snakes  This act was removed from the show because Guy Laliberté, Cirque's founder, did not want a fire act in the show  The smoke left in the air after the act also made it difficult for the Straps artist to perform 
Savage Love: It is unknown when exactly this act was in the show, but it is believed to be either the replacement for Fire or a back-up act  This act featured Vanessa Convery and Ugo Mazin violently dancing in the 2Men cage  See reference for a video of the act 
Market, part 2 (also called Inferno in press releases): "Pleasure dances with pain as ZUMANITY’s resident gigolo, Antonio [Drija], feels the wrath of the women [Jonel Earl, Laetitia Ray, Vanessa Convery, Sophie Ayache, and Agnès Roux] he has scorned  Captured by a militia of vixens in a barred prison cell he finds himself caught in the middle of rough-and-tumble romantic revenge "This act replaced either Fire or Savage Love, and was in the show until around 2005  There was also a version of it that used 7 men and 1 woman 
Straps: "Laurence [Jardin], alone on stage in fragile silence, is bound by her straps  An exercise in self-inflicted pleasure and pain, she uses the leather contraption to tease and torture herself  All the while she watches her bonds ease into auto-erotic aerial maneuvers  Scored by heavy breathing, gentle moans of ecstasy and the friction of her straps, Laurence’s self-satisfying bondage flight draws to a climactic finale "From 2005 and onwards, Market, referred to above as "part 1," would lead directly into straps S&M Hoedown
Spymonkey comes onstage dressed in S&M leather with various pain-inducing items  They do a hoedown dance while inflicting pain on themselves as a sexual stimulant Sheets and Tissus
Sheets: An opening interlude to Tissus," this is a short ballet where the dancers had silken, white sheets on their hands that they danced with 
Tissus: "Though he desperately tries to catch her attention, Alan [Jones Silva] passes unnoticed by the glamorous goddess Olga [Vershinina]  Finally, the once unattainable object of his affection is within arms reach as their two worlds entwine mid-flight in mesmerizing aerial dance "Midnight Bath
"Let your imagination have free reign  Let your fantasies take you to unexpected places "
"With the suggestion that you can’t keep love locked up in a bedroom, Vanessa [Convery] and Ugo [Mazin] give imagination free reign and let fantasy take them to unexpected places  Using milk as their medium they caress each other’s flesh in this luscious lactic sexual experiment "As the name suggests, this act was performed in a bathtub in the middle of the stage  The act was opened by another jazz number from Joey Arias: "Touch me, hold me, never let me go "Orgy, has been referred to in the show as Lazy Susan of Sex, Sex Station 69, Garden of Delights, and Zumanitarium
"The cast emerges from every orifice of the theatre in search of hedonistic prey  In duos, trios (and some flying solo), they assume a smörgåsbord of sexual positions on the Lazy Susan of Sex, where they touch, stroke, moan and embrace until the tension builds to an orgasmic conclusion "This is an audience participation segment  Antonio would lead two members of the audience onto the stage, usually one male and one female  Each would be given to a few of the cast members that would try to arouse them based on their sexual orientation  Antonio usually caressed and rubbed up against the female as the emcee would ask personal questions and make sexual innuendos  The emcee would then move on to the male and try to arouse him  If he was okay with it, his shirt and pants would be removed by the time the emcee got to him  Joey Arias would stick her microphone into his underwear and speak into it Pacemakers and Finale
"Bringing the show full circle, senior-most members of the cast, Birgit and Fleming [Thomsen], surprise the audience with an astonishing hand balancing adagio  Together they defy time and gravity with physical feats of strength, flexibility and control  This real life couple, married for over 48 years, is a testament to the enduring, everlasting nature of true love "
Birgit and Fleming were sitting in the audience and brought on stage as "guests," when in reality they were cast members and would break into acrobatics 

The Show: 2005 - 2015
There were various changes throughout 2005, from acts to costumes  The Body2Body artists left the show and the act was replaced by Hand-to-Hand  Spymonkey also left and the "Sexperts," Dick and Izzy, replaced them for the remainder of Zumanity's run  While Pom Poms stayed in the show through 2014 (and would feature Dick, Izzy, and the Boteros), all of the other clown acts were new  Pacemakers and Extravaganza would also be changed around 2006, when Extravaganza was moved to the end of the show and Pacemakers left permanently 

Dick and Izzy: "Zumanity’s resident sex therapists, Dick [Nicky Dewhurst] and Izzy [Shannan Calcutt] aim to please with their sexy and silly methods engaging the audience in a hilarious round of not-so-innocent repartee  The sexual tension runs high as Dick, a French sex merchant, peddles his wares, while Izzy, his wife!, searches the audience night after night for a boyfriend "Animation: Instead of the Puritans, Dick and Izzy come out dressed in 1950s-esque prom outfits  Both hit on various members of the audience and try to swing with the couples  They make sexual innuendos with bananas and fence with dildos 
Scotch Baggies!: Izzy pitches her new business - little plastic sandwich baggies that she fills with scotch (in reality, tea) to use instead of breast implants  She removes her top and has one of the male members from the audience hold the baggies to her breasts as she tapes them to herself  "You are not going to see this at the Celine Dion show "
Knives (possibly called Sex Toys): Volunteers from the audience is strapped to a board and blindfolded while tricked into thinking knives are being thrown at them 
Vegas Hook-Up (also referred to as Express Dating): Audience members are once again brought on stage  Dick and Izzy explain that it's better to forget all of the normal wooing on a first date and go straight for the bedroom  They teach the audience members how to turn each other on  Then, they make them get onto a bed and ride each other as they sink into the stage and silly string shoots up Hand-2-Hand
"In an aggressive but intimate hand-balancing duet, [Joanie Leroux-Côté] and [Nicolas Alain Michel Besnard] entwine in a powerful act with breathtaking acrobatic-inspired manoeuvres  Their flawless movements thrust the two kindred spirits into a provocative tale of lust "I Like It
Back-up act where Joey Arias would sing another jazz song 
"Oh, What a Feelin" may have also been sung more than during Joey's final performance Mistress of Sensuality, Edie
"Part showgirl, part cabaret queen, Mistress of Sensuality Edie [Christopher Kenney] plays hostess to your every fantasy  As the sun sets and desires come alive, Edie uses her signature blend of sass and sensuality to guide the audience through the erotic escapades that make up the world of Zumanity "
Joey Arias left the show at the end of 2007, and Edie became Zumanity's main emcee for the rest of the run Roue Cyr (Cyr Wheel)
"Jonas [Woolverton] is brought to the stage on his knees   A slave to love and forced to perform for his Mistress, he spins and turns inside his wheel while she cracks her whip  He is eager to please, even donning a blindfold for some of his tricks  One can only hope the pleasure is worth the pain he receives   "Handbalancing
"Dima ["Shine" Bulkin] is alone, going in circles around his pole  He has just about given up on love when he meets a lovely contortionist who seems to fit into his world  She brings him back to earth in this beautiful act "Chains
"Brandon [Pereyda] brings fantasies to life  He flies and defies gravity on his chains  Dreams take flight as he soars through the air, performing daring feats of aerial athleticism choreography and strength "
Though this act is associated with the refresh in 2015, Zumanity's 2012 b-roll shows this act being used  It was most likely a back-up or rotational act until it was made a main act in 2015 

The Refresh: 2015 - 2020
On January 20, 2015, a refresh of the show was introduced to the public in which roughly 30% of the show was changed from its original concept  Certain acts, including Hoops, Dance on TV, Pom Poms and  Tissus (in its original form) were retired  Entirely new acts included chains, Aerial Dream, and Perfect Jam  Tissus was changed into a solo act and the Rose Boy evolved into Magnum, mostly the same routine but the dancer became a secret agent  Yanis Marshall choreographed new dance segments throughout the show, and there are multiple acts in which men dance in high heels (including Wind, Perfect Jam and for a short amount of time, the 2Men act)  The show also features new and updated music, costumes, comedic acts, characters and artists 

Come Together
"All at once, a storm sweeps over the stage as three characters, Spirits of the Wind [Marie Ndutiye, Tiffany de Alba, Arnaud Boursain], summon passion, desire and lust in a fevered dance  With smouldering intensity, their hypnotic dance stirs the soul, arouses the imagination and prepares the senses for an uninhibited transformation "Magnum
"Look out, ladies, 'cuz here comes Magnum  He's an undercover agent, and it's no secret he's on a mission  Who's gonna share that special bond? Is it you? Catch him if you can "
"Magnum [Willie Hulett], our very special secret agent, peels away his tough exterior in a sensual mission for the ladies  He tantalizes and teases the audience by revealing his chiseled body bit by bit before showing off his secret weapon "Perfect Jam
"Let me entice you to unlock and unleash your inner diva "
"Gorgeous, and powerful, the dancers [Tiffany de Alba, Anouck Margueritte, Briana McKee, Marie Ndutiye, Kaitlyn Reese Davin, Leah Sykes-Hodgson, Monteece Taylor, Arnaud Boursain, Pepe Muñoz Martinez] invade the space to express and celebrate their female and male energy and unleash their inner diva  Turning up the heat, they ignite the stage performing a sultry and dynamic dance that will entice the imagination "Aerial Dream (also called M&M)
"Is there someone in your life that you lust for, long for, but the only safe place to rendezvous is in your dreams? You fall asleep and hope he's there again tonight  The best part? Nobody needs to know, not even the person right next to you, shhh   "
"One woman and one man [Marina Tomanova and Michael McNamara]  One bed  One airborne fantasy  She dreams about him, the intense secret object of her desires  They will meet and experience a magnificent, sensual and passionate performance  Dream or reality?"2Men
"2 men in a cage [Arnaud Boursain, Pepe Muñoz Martinez]  Through their fierce choreography, a passionate story of impossible love and anger unfolds  Again and again, they attract and repel in intense conflict until the magnetic energy between them becomes more than they can bear "As previously stated, the big thing that changed about this act was that the men danced in bright red heels and in an entirely new form of dance 
This was eventually changed into a wushu (sport) act with ninjas [Philip Sahagun and Wes Scarpias] Tissus 2 0
"Though he desperately tries to catch her attention, Alan [Jones Silva] remains unnoticed by Mariko [Muranaka], the musical muse whose beauty propels him to soar to new heights  Finally, the once-unattainable object of his affection is within arms’ reach, and their two worlds come together at the finale of this mesmerizing aerial dance "Body2Body 2 0
Used as a back-up for hand-2-hand, Stéphan Choinière returned to the show in 2017 and performed a new version of Body2Body with Tsvetelina Tabakova Solo Strap
A solo strap back-up act that was performed by Tsvetelina Tabakova from 2019 onwards Light
A comedic act with Dick and Izzy as they rave on the stage with one of the audience members Trapeze
Halfway around the world, his loved one is away  It's raining, and descending in his thoughts are the warmth of her love, the softness of her lips, the caress of her touch    It’s late, he’s restless and alone again tonight, and not knowing when they’ll be together again sends his emotions flying "
Arthur Morel van Hyfte's act in 2017  This used the bed and music from Aerial Dream and replaced the act for awhile 

Emcees
Main emcees
Mistress of Seduction, Joey Arias: August 14, 2003 to December 31, 2007
Raven O: August 14, 2003 to December 31, 2006
Mistress of Sensuality, Edie [Christopher Kenney]: Jan 1, 2008 to March 14, 2020Understudy emcees
Queen of Québec, Vanessa Convery: back-up for an unknown time, but she was in the show from August 14, 2003 to January 3, 2014
Señorita Extravaganza, Antonio Drija: back-up for an unknown time, but he was in the show from August 14, 2003 to January 3, 2014
AXLE Beaurouge [Brandon Pereyda]: May 1, 2017 to March 14, 2020
Pepe Muñoz Martinez: roughly 2014 to 2016
Pulga, Alan Jones Silva: July 18, 2016 to March 14, 2020Guest emcee
NeNe Leakes: June 27, 2014 to July 01, 2014

Characters
Mistress of Seduction/Mitzi la Bouche/Mitzi la Gaine/Mistress of Ceremonies - Joey Arias
Mistress of Sensuality, Edie - Christopher Kenney
Pulga - Alan Jones Silva as emcee
AXLE Beaurouge - Brandon Pereyda as emcee
Queen of Québec - Vanessa Convery as emcee
Señorita Extravaganza - Antonio Drija as emcee
Wind/La Muerte - Marcela de la Vega Luna
Dick and Izzy/The Sexperts - Nicky Dewhurst and Shannan Calcutt
Afrique/African Queen - Wassa Coulibaly
Ginger - Shereen Hickman as clown understudy to Izzy
Jane - clown understudy to Izzy
Jessica - Laetitia Dewhurst as clown understudy to Izzy
Rose Boy - Alex Castro
Spider Shadow - Dima "Shine" Bulkin
Magnum - Willie Hulett
Blue Robotica - Mariko Muranaka
Biker - Brandon Pereyda
Fauna - Jesus Villa
Athon and Arno Extravaganza/The Gods of Love and War - Patrick King (Athon) and Johan King-Silverhult (Arno)
Molinier (see Pierre Molinier) - Jonel Earl
Botero Sisters - Licemar and Luciene Medeiros
Casanova/Gigolo/El Siete - Antonio Drija
Miss Salsa - Agnès Roux
Mec Branché - Ugo Mazin
Mademoiselle Loup/Blue Blade - Laurence Jardin
Dominatrix - Jonel Earl
Ballerine - Sophie Ayache
Comet - Stéphan Choinière (originally called Ultraman during creation, after the Japanese super hero)
Romantique/Vixen Vanessa/Diamond Girl - Vanessa Convery
Scottish Fantasy - Alex Stabler
Tissu Star - Olga Vershinina
Airman - Nicolas Alain Michel Besnard
Androgynous Cape - "Almukatab" Jacobo Espina
Carol/La Catin - Elena Gatilova
Valentino
Bunny Girl
Lothario - Moukhtar Gusengadzhiev
Roadrunner - Jerónimo Garcia-Cabral Medina
Illusia and Illaria
Queen of Barbare - seems to be Jila Alaghamandan

Music
The studio album for Zumanity was released on March 22, 2005, under Cirque du Soleil's music label  This is an "inspired by" album containing music that was not actually used in the show and was very loosely based on the live music  This is similar to the songs If I Could Reach Your Heart, We've Been Waiting So Long, and Reach for Me Now on the KÀ album  The CD does not feature Zumanity's musicians, although it does contain the voice of Joey Arias and that of Anna Liani, who worked with Zumanity's composer, Simon Carpentier, on the show's music and wrote the lyrics to Mio Bello, Bello Amore
Context 3: Passage 1:
Lev Ivanov
Lev Ivanovich Ivanov (Russian: Лев Ива́нович Ива́нов; 2 March 1834, Moscow – 24 December 1901, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer and later, Second Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet  As a performer with the Imperial Ballet, he achieved prominence after performing as an understudy in a benefit performance of La Fille Mal Gardée   He is most famous as the choreographer of Acts II and IV of Swan Lake, which include the Dance of the Little Swans, Act II of Cinderella, and The Nutcracker, which he choreographed alongside Marius Petipa 

Biography
Ivanov entered the Moscow School of Dance, but in 1844 moved to Saint Petersburg where he studied at the Imperial Ballet, becoming an official member of the Corps de ballet in 1852   Among his teachers during this time were Jean-Antoine Petipa, Alexandr Pimenov, Pierre Frédéric Malavergne and Emile Gredlu (Эмиль Гредлю) 
Historically, Ivanov is credited with choreographing the entirety of premiere of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker in 1892 due to the ill health of the ballet master, Marius Petipa  While some contemporary and modern accounts dispute this, Ivanov is still mentioned in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Second Edition with choreographing at least the majority of the ballet as Petipa had reportedly not progressed very far in his work  Regardless of the amount of work he actually did, Petipa's was the only name listed for choreography on posters for the first production in St  Petersburg Ivanov worked with Petipa on a new restaging of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake ballet in 1895   Ivanov choreographed the entirety of the lakeside acts or "white acts", Act II and Act IV   This includes the Dance of the Little Swans, an iconic pas de quatre where the four cygnets huddle together and dance in unison, before breaking the chain and falling to the floor whilst attempting to fly  Ivanov also choreographed the Danse Vénitienne (Neapolitan/Venetian Dance) and the Pas Hongrois (Hungarian Dance) of the third bier scene In his last years Ivanov was in financial straits  On the strength of his 50 years' service he petitioned the Imperial Theatres for financial assistance 

Ballets
Original works
La Forêt enchantée (en  The Enchanted Forest)  Ballet-fantastique in one act  Music by Riccardo Drigo  Imperial Ballet School, 5 April [O S  24 March] 1887  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 15 May [O S  3 May] 1887 
revival by Marius Petipa  Peterhof, July 1889 
La Tulipe de Haarlem (en  The Harlem Tulip)  Ballet-fantastique in three acts  Music by Baron Boris Fitinhoff-Schell  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 16 October [O S  4 October] 1887 
revival by Claudia Kulichevskaya and Pavel Gerdt  Imperial Ballet School, 16 April [O S  3 April] 1902 
revival by Alexander Shiryaev  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 29 April [O S  16 April] 1903 
La Flûte magique (en  The Magic Flute)  Ballet-comique in one act  Music by Riccardo Drigo  Imperial Ballet School, 22 March [O S  10 March] 1889  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 23 April [O S  11 April] 1889 
La Ruse de Cupidon (en  Cupid's Prank)  Ballet-anacréontique in one act  Music by Alexander Friedman  Krasnoe Selo, 6 August [O S  24 July] 1890  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 23 November [O S  11 November] 1890 
La Beauté de Séville (en  The Beauty of Seville)  Divertissement-ballet in one act  Music by various composers  Krasnoe Selo, 10 August [O S  29 July] 1889 
La Fête des bateliers (en  The Boatman's Festival)  Divertissement-ballet in one act  Music by Alexander Friedman  Krasnoe Selo, 7 August [O S  26 July] 1890 
The Nutcracker  Ballet-féerie in two acts  Choreographed jointly with Marius Petipa   Music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 18 December [O S  6 December] 1892 
Cinderella (a k a  Zolushka)  Ballet-féerie in three acts  Staged jointly with Enrico Cecchetti and Marius Petipa  Music by Baron Boris Fitinhoff-Schell  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 17 December [O S  5 December] 1893 
revival by Lev Ivanov  Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow, 12 March [O S  28 February] 1898
Swan Lake  Ballet-fantastique in three acts  Staged jointly with Marius Petipa  Music by Pyotr Illyich Tchaikovsky, revised by Riccardo Drigo  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 27 January [O S  15 January] 1895 
Acis et Galatée (en  Acis and Galatea)  Ballet-mythologique in one act  Music by Andrei Kadlets  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 2 February [O S  21 January] 1896 
revival by Alexander Shirayev  Imperial Ballet School, 3 May [O S  20 April] 1905 
La Fille du Mikado (en  The Mikado's Daughter)  Ballet-fantastique in three acts  Music by Baron Vasily Wrangell  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 21 November [O S  9 November] 1897 
Egyptian Nights (a k a  Une Nuit d'Egypte or Nuits égyptiennes)  Divertissement-ballet in one act  Music by Anton Arensky  Never premiered 
revival by Mikhail Fokine  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 8 March [O S  24 February] 1908 
revival by Mikhail Fokine as Cléopâtre for the Ballets Russes  Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris, 2 June 1909 
Sylvia  Ballet-mythologique in three acts  Music by Léo Delibes  Staging completed by Pavel Gerdt due to Ivanov's final illness and death  Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, 15 December [O S  2 December] 1901 
Passage 2:
The Nutcracker (Willam Christensen)
Tchaikovsky's now-classic 1892 ballet The Nutcracker received its first complete production in the U S  on 24 December 1944, performed by the San Francisco Ballet  This production used the ballet's original plot and was choreographed by Willam Christensen, who danced the role of the Cavalier  Gisella Caccialanza, the wife of Lew Christensen, danced the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy  The staging was a huge success and one critic wrote: "We can't understand why a vehicle of such fantastic beauty and originality could be produced in Europe in 1892 with signal success [a factually erroneous claim] and never be produced in its entirety in this country until 1944  Perhaps choreographers will make up for lost time from now on " The company was the first in the U S  to make the ballet an annual tradition, and for ten years, the only company in the United States performing the complete ballet, until George Balanchine's production opened in New York in 1954  (Annual productions of the San Francisco Ballet Nutcracker began in 1949 )
The San Francisco Ballet performs The Nutcracker annually to this day, though not necessarily with Christensen's choreography (their most recent version is choreographed by Helgi Tomasson)  Christensen's Nutcracker continues in Salt Lake City, where it is performed annually by Christensen's Ballet West  The stage success of the Christensen version marked the first step in making productions of The Nutcracker annual Christmas season traditions all over the world – a phenomenon that did not really come to flower until the late 1960s 
Passage 3:
Adam Cooper (dancer)
Adam Cooper (born 22 July 1971) is an English actor, choreographer, dancer and theatre director  He works as both a performer and choreographer in musical theatre, and has choreographed and/or starred in award-winning shows such as On Your Toes, Singin' in the Rain and Grand Hotel  He began his professional career as a dancer of classical ballet and contemporary ballet and is a former Principal of the Royal Ballet, a major international ballet company based in London  He became internationally recognised for creating the lead role of Swan/Stranger in Matthew Bourne's contemporary dance production of the ballet Swan Lake, a role that was briefly featured in the 2000 film Billy Elliot, in which Cooper played the adult version of the titular character 

Biography
Adam Cooper was born 22 July 1971 in Tooting, London to a musician father and a social worker mother  He has an older brother, Simon Cooper, who is also a dancer and they trained at the same schools  From a young age, he and his brother studied tap and ballet at the Jean Winkler School of Dance in Tooting  They also played various musical instruments and sang in a choir  At age 11, Cooper won a place at ArtsEd, a specialist performing arts school in London where he studied classical ballet, character, modern, tap, jazz and contemporary dance, as well as singing, acting and stage combat  After completing his secondary education at the school, aged 16, he was accepted into the Royal Ballet Upper School 
At his graduation performance he played the lead role of Young Man in Ashton's the Two Pigeons Cooper married Sarah Wildor in 2000  She was a principal dancer with the Royal Ballet She has become an Olivier-nominated actress  Their first child, a daughter, was born in 2008  They also have a  son 

Dance
Royal Ballet
In 1989 Cooper joined the Royal Ballet and was quickly promoted to First Artist and Soloist in 1991, First Soloist 1993 and Principal Dancer in 1994  He was recognized for his performances in the classic as well as dramatic and contemporary ballet works, and he excelled in playing cruel but sexy villains  While with the Royal Ballet he worked extensively with choreographers Kenneth MacMillan and William Tuckett partnering all the leading ballerinas of the company including Sylvie Guillem and Darcey Bussell  He also performed works choreographed by George Balanchine, Ashley Page, Fokine, Bronislava Nijinska, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Christopher Wheeldon, Matthew Hart, and William Forsythe  He left the Royal Ballet in 1997 to freelance and expand his career opportunities 

Adventures in Motion Pictures
In 1995 Matthew Bourne recruited Cooper to join Adventures in Motion Pictures (now renamed New Adventures) for his radically re-interpreted production of Swan Lake  Together they created the basic Swan movement motifs and Cooper also contributed to the choreography  Cooper performed the dual Swan/Stranger role (the analog of the white and black swan in the classic version) all over the world and his performances won him international acclaim, multiple awards and a strong fan following  Cooper's performance was described as one of "tremendous excitement, subtlety,emotional depth and sheer sexiness"  The popular press embraced him and his photo appeared in many magazines For his performances as the Swan/Stranger he received the Time Out Award in 1995, the Evening Standard Dance Award in 1997 and the 1999 Astaire Award for Best Dancer  He was also nominated for the 1999 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical



ground_truth: Atlantic Ocean

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Le Rêve was created by the director behind what Cirque du Soleil production from 1998 onward?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  She also sings Mio Bello, Bello Amore on Cirque's Midnight Sun DVD  The music on the album is mainly a collaboration between Simon Carpentier, Robbi Finkel, and Robbie Dillon 
A promotional album entitled Foreplay was included with the original program  It was released on July 31, 2003, and contains select work-in-progress songs from the show's creation period  The program was last sold around 2005, and this album is now considered a collector's item  Four other work-in-progress songs were released on Zumanity's website in 2003, all completely different from anything used in the show, although one of them was quite clearly an early version of Wind 

Names for live music:

Zumanity Tango (2Men, 2003-2020)
Sex Is Beautiful (Body2Body, 2003-2005; Body2Body 2 0, 2017-2020; Hand-2-Hand, 2005-2020)
Love Myself (possible name for Straps, 2003-2020)
Girl Attitude (Cyr Wheel, ?-2018)
Libera me (Hoops, 2003-2015; Aerial Dream, 2015-2020; Trapeze, 2017)
The tune to this song was changed from 2015 onwards 
I Like It (Rotational act sung by Joey Arias and possibly Raven O, 2005(?)-2007)
What a Feelin’ (Act sung by Joey Arias during her final performance on December 31, 2007)
The Rose Boy (Rose Boy, 2003-2015; Magnum, 2015-2020)
My Erotic Lounge (Scotch Baggies!, 2005-2020)
Major-Minor (Welcome, 2003-2007)
Wind (Wind, 2003-2015; Come Together, 2015-2020)
Mio Bello, Bello Amore (Pacemakers, 2003-2006(?); Handbalancing, 2010-2018; Solo Strap, 2019-2020)
Disco Alan (Tissus 2 0, 2015-2020)
The opening of this song contains an instrumental medley of Wind and Mio Bello, Bello Amore 
Into Me (Chains, 2012(?)-2020)
Water Bowl (Water Bowl, 2003-2020)
Perfect Jam (Perfect Jam, 2015-2020)
First Taste (Water Bowl opening, 2003-2020)

Vocalists
Emcee
See the Emcee section above for a list of the hosts of the show  The emcee sang Major-Minor for Welcome, Midnight Bath, Sex Is Beautiful, the Rose Boy, and I Like It from August 14, 2003 to December 31, 2007  From 2008 onwards, the emcee only sang during the Rose Boy and Sex Is Beautiful  The songs sung by the emcee are mainly in the jazz/cabaret genre Hip Hop Singer
Kinnie Starr: August 14, 2003 to September 2003
Little is known about this period in Zumanity's history, but Kinnie may have sung some of the rock singer's songs for acts like Dance on TV and Water Bowl R&B/Soul Singer
Lonnie Gordon: August 13, 2003 to December 31, 2006
Debbie "Divine" Davis: January 2007 to December 31, 2007
Paris Red: January 1, 2008 to March 14, 2020
Cassiopée: August 2017 to December 2017
Cassiopée also sang as a back-up for both the R&B and rock roles, depending on which one was needed, during 2016 to 2020 Rock Singer
Corinne Zarzour: October 3, 2003 to January 2004; September 2004 to March 14, 2020
Nathalie Noël: January 2004 to September 2004
Laur Fugère: 2004; 2006Backing Singer
Geneviève Dubé: August 14, 2003 to March 14, 2020
Melle Vasquez: August 14, 2003 to March 14, 2020
Anne Charbonneau: August 14, 2003 to December 2008

Original Musicians
Anne Charbonneau (bandleader/accordion/keyboards/keyboard programming) - August 14, 2003 to December 2008
Jean-François "Djeff" Houle (assistant bandleader/bass/programming/laptop fx) - August 14, 2003 to 2006(?)
Jean-François Blais (clarinet/flute/soprano and tenor saxophone/percussion) - August 14, 2003 to March 14, 2020
Jean-François Thibeault (trombone/percussion) - August 14, 2003 to June 2009
Larry Aberman (drums/percussion/programming) - August 14, 2003 to October 31, 2019
Melle Vasquez (guitar/percussion/banjo) - August 14, 2003 to March 14, 2020
Geneviève Dubé (vibraphone/violin) - August 14, 2003 to March 14, 2020
Eliot Douglass (piano) - August 14, 2003 to October 31, 2019
Lonnie Gordon (percussion) - August 14, 2003 to December 31, 2006
Sébastien Jean (flügelhorn/trumpet) - August 14, 2003 to October 31, 2019
Passage 4:
Mystère (Cirque du Soleil)
Mystère (French: [mis tɛʁ], mee-STAIR, "mystery") is one of six resident Cirque du Soleil shows in Las Vegas, Nevada  Held in a custom theatre at the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino, the show was first performed on 25 December 1993, making it the company's longest running show  As with many Cirque du Soleil productions, Mystère features a mixture of circus skills, dance, elaborate sets, opera, worldbeat music, and street theatre-style comedy  Featuring a musical score composed by René Dupéré and Benoît Jutras, the show was created under the direction of Franco Dragone 

History
The idea for Mystère started around 1990  It was originally planned for Caesars Palace with a theme based on Greek and Roman mythology  The plan, however, was scrapped by the casino executives, who thought the project would be too financially risky  Mystère was very different from the typical material they were used to in a Las Vegas show  According to Mystère set designer Michel Crête, "Vegas    was still very influenced by Folies Bergère, with the scarves, feather boas, etc  There was a European culture already in place, oddly enough, not an American one  The people who opened the door for something new were Siegfried and Roy  They were the first to move away from the Folies Bergère thing "
Treasure Island picked up the show three years later  Mystère was their first show that would have its own theater, rather than touring with a circus tent   Mystère would have a permanent base in Las Vegas  They worked with Mirage Casino-Hotel to produce a show 
Recent milestones Mystère has achieved include:

Mystère celebrated their 20th anniversary on 25 December 2013  
Mystère celebrated their 10,000th show on 27 December 2014 
Mystère celebrated their 11,111th show on 17 May 2017 

Set and technical information
The theater is a unique theater built in the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino specifically for the show  The design of the theater was created by Michel Crête and that of Montreal-based team of Scéno Plus  This theater seats 1,541 audience members  The stage measures 120 feet by 70 feet deep and covers approximately 10,032 square feet  The stage floor is made of a layer of Base Mat, which is rubber made from recycled old tires and sneakers  This helps give the stage some bounce for tumbling  This is held together by polyurethane adhesive and covered with thousands of gallons of liquid that dries onto the surface  The Downstage D Lift is 36 feet in diameter and includes a 28-foot revolving stage  The revolving stage rotates up to 10 revolutions per minute  Props, equipment, and performers are elevated to stage level from the basement or trap by four moving lifts  These moving lifts were constructed in Montreal and then assembled in Las Vegas, NV The snail seen growing larger throughout the show is called Alice  By the end of the show, she is a giant inflatable puppet controlled by four puppeteers from the inside  The puppeteers move her around by following markings on the floor, since they can not see outside the puppet  They also control her eyes, torso, and tail The taiko drums in Mystère are created by the Japanese company Asano Taiko, located in Mattō, Ishikawa Prefecture  The largest drum in Mystère is the ōdaiko, which is 6 feet (1 8 m) in diameter and 15 feet (4 6 m) in length, and weighs half a ton  Due to the large size of the drum, it had to be brought into the theatre during construction  Since the completion of the theatre the drum can not be removed, as no door is large enough to accommodate it 

Characters
The cast of Mystère comprises a myriad of fantastic and mysterious characters  All this information was confirmed by Mystère's artistic director from 1995 to 2001: Pavel Brun 
Inti X & Y (Spermatos/Spermatites): A comic chorus representing the seeds of life 
Red Bird: Convinced he can fly  According to Pavel Brun, he is the main character in the entire narrative of Mystère's universe 
Les Laquais: The "lackeys" of Mystère who serve and support others  They perform in the Korean plank act 
Brian Le Petit: A troublemaker who steals people's popcorn and causes chaos both onstage and off  (2000–present)
Chanteuses Plumes: A duo of muses who sing the emotion of all humans 
The Firebirds: Along with the Double Faces, they perform the Chinese pole act 
Les Bébés: Two enormous babies on a quest for nourishment  There's Big Baby (also known as Bébé François) and the Baby Girl  There was a third baby for a short period, similar to Francois, who was a part of the original 1993 cast, until his eventual removal in Mid-1994 
Egon Egli: A strange, lanky, bespectacled youth who rides across the stage on his bicycle  No longer in the show 
La Vache à lait: Protector of youth and a symbol of fertility  When he sounds his horn, it heralds a new beginning 
Moha-Samedi: A man in pink, named after the first day of the new millennium  He is the narrator no one listens to, he was originally portrayed by Canadian actor Paul Ahmarani and later by Lorenzo Pisoni 
La Belle: Afraid of ugliness, she seeks to avoid pain at all costs 
Black Widow: The antithesis of La Belle  She represents a praying mantis who destroys the illusions and dreams of her victims  Originally portrayed by Katie Renauld
Birds of Prey: These unpredictable birds soar and fly throughout the world of Mystère  They are graceful, yet aggressive when hungry  Originally portrayed by Lejdka Zievert and Mark Ward
The Frog: Creepy characters witness to the strength of birth and time 
The Green Lizards: Mischievous and skittish chameleons  There is the Male Chameleon and the Female Chameleon (who are not present in the show anymore)  The Male Chameleon was originally portrayed by Karl Baumann
Double Faces: These two-faced creatures perform in the Chinese pole act 
Les Palmiers: Out of a purple-blue mist, these tropical ladies float by 
Deus ex machina: The machine that regulates the existence of everything 
The Tribe (Les Pagnes): The primitive, tragic ghosts of modern humanity  They descend from the skies to provide the earthly beat of our journey  They welcome us, and they bid us farewell  They perform in Taïko
Monarch Bird: A male bird introduced in 2022 as backup dancing character 
The Prince of the Darkness: The prince of the dark side of Mystère, performed by Miguel Godreau from 1993 to 1994; he left the show for health reasons and is no longer in the show  Left before the premiere due to complications from HIV  He was originally part of the group of dancers containing La Belle, Birds Of Prey, Green Lizard and Black Widow 
La Banane: A yellow creature with a large, bulbous head that performed with some artists from 1993 to 1995; no longer in the show  originally appeared on the Net-Up set, before Flying Trapeze 
The Shaman: A mysterious man who creates the sounds of the world; no longer in the show  Originally portrayed by Luis Perez
Bungee Warrior: A duo of muscle men able to fly in the air 
The Jugglers: A trio of jugglers that performed the Manipulation act from 1993 to 1995; no longer in the show 
The Cube Man: Exhibiting great strength and courage, he captures the attention of young souls in search of wonder ; no longer in the show  Originally played by Mikhail "Misha" Matorin, and later Paul Bowler
The Mountain Man: An archangel who is ready to sacrifice everything  Originally known as Gabriel reffereing his archangel statut 
Mephisto and Vénus: Part of the Giants race, they are thwarted, twisted creatures  Their presence wreaks havoc in any domain  Together they want to create chaos and destroy the balance that exists within the world of Mystère 
The Giants: A gentle race with feathers and long legs  There's the happy-go-lucky Pumpkin Giant, the grumpy Fly Giant, the magnificent Giraffe Giant, the rare Plume Giant (no longer in the show) and the Egg Giant, a delicate interior inside a protective shell 
Stas Greyner: a kind of playful dwarf  Performs handbalancing since 1998 
The Medusa: A long-appendaged creature that was part of the original cast between 1993 and 1995; no longer in the show  Appeared among the smoke and disappeared among the shadows, performed during the Net-Set Up 
The Wheel Rider: A slightly tattered man who performed the German Wheel act from 1995 to 1997; no longer in the show  Originally played by Wolfgang Bientzle
The Green Man: A curly-horned creature similar to a Satyr that was part of the cast from a short period in 1997, no longer in the show  Originally portrayed by Guennadi Tchijov 
Tony: A living doll that was part of the original cast between 1993 and 1995, Originally portrayed by Tony Manducas; no longer in the show 
 The Zucchinis: Two inflatable marionettes only used in the Net Set-up for the original trapeze act; no longer in the show 
The Egg: An egg-like creature who appeared sometimes during the Overture and Bungee acts from 1993 to 1995; no longer in the show 
Alice the Escargot: An enormous snail  Born from a spring rain, carrier of the souls of the ancestors and herald of the future 
The Bungees: Like majestic birds in flight, the Bungees dive fearlessly through the air, creating images of unison and separation 
Benny Le Grand: Mystère's original clown, a mad professor-esque character who was more dark and bitter  He would often cause mischief either by whacking one of the Spermatos with a drumstick, throwing a loaf of bread at the red bird, drenching people with bottled water, interrupting the show as an impromptu tour guide, throwing around silver dollars, popcorn, and women's purses, harassing ticket holders, discouraging guests from seeing the show, or kidnapping an audience member and driving them around in a golf cart  (1993 - 1995, 1996 - 2000)
Alex El Sobrino: Benny Le Grand's Spanish nephew, who was slightly more refined in personality  (1998 - 2000)
Alfredo et Adrenaline: A comedic duo of clowns who had previously appeared in Le Cirque Reinventé's European tour, and the special Zirkus Knie show  They often bickered with each other while trying to entertain the audience, from Alfredo trying to perform as a mime, to the two of them throwing paint at each other while trying to perform a song, but they soon literally kissed and made up  (1995 - 1996)

Acts
Mystère features several acrobatic acts, supplemented by clown acts and transitional scenes that advance the storyline 
Aerial Straps Duo (2017 – present): A pair of aerialists performs twists and turns as they fly over the stage 
Chinese Poles and Hand Balancing (2012–present): A group of acrobats climb up, jump between, and slide down four adjacent metal poles while an acrobat contorts into poses on two balancing canes on a platform above the Chinese poles 
Hand-to-Hand (1993 – present): Two artists perform an exhibition of strength and stamina on a rotating dome 
Bungee (1993 – present): A group of artists bounce and swing from the ceiling to the ground and back on bungees 
Teeterboard and Power Track (2017–present): Artists perform a combination of these two skills 
Taiko (1993 – present): A group of artists perform powerful rhythms on Japanese taiko drums 
Flying trapeze (2012 – present): Unlike the original version where two separate trapeze towers were surrounded by a platform on one side and an aerial cradle on the other, the current version has a platform on either side  Each trapeze tower now has two trapeze bars swinging beside each other  The act and music were originally from Zed (a resident show at Tokyo Disney Resort) which closed in 2011 

Reserve acts
Aerial Straps (1994, 2002 – present)On reserve for the aerial straps duo; features a single artist on straps with the Black Widow or La Belle performing choreography on stage 

Retired acts
Manipulation (1993 - 1995)
Flying Trapeze (1993 - 1995)
German Wheel (1995 - 1997)
Dual High Bar (1996 - 2012)
Flying Man in Silk (1997)
Aerial Cube (1996, 1998 – 2015)
Chinese Poles (1993 - 2011)
Trampoline, Fast Track, and Korean plank/Teeterboard (1993 - 2017)
Aerial Straps and Cube (2016 – 2017)
Aerial Silk (2012 – 2017)

Acts used in the film Cirque du Soleil: Journey of Man (2000)
Taiko
Aerial cube
Aerial straps

Acts used in the film Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away (2012)
Aerial cube

Costumes
Dominique Lemieux took inspiration from nature to create the colorful costumes of Mystère  One such costume is the Firebird, which has red feathers and accents that give the impression of embers flying through the air  The odd-looking Spermatos and Spermatites are dressed in elongated costumes which bulge in the center and have a tendril-like feature on the head  To give the characters an organic nature, spandex/lycra was used in conjunction with fringes and borders 

Music
The original score of Mystère was composed by René Dupéré, who had composed all of Cirque du Soleil's earlier shows, including Nouvelle Expérience and Saltimbanco  In 1994 the show's music was released as a studio album featuring the vocals of Canadian singers Élise Gouin (now known as Élise Velle) and Nathalie Gauvin 
In 1995 the show underwent an artistic overhaul, including changes in the lineup of acts  The "Manipulation" act was replaced by the "Aerial Cube", the Flying Trapeze act by the Aerial High Bars (the Flying Trapeze returned in 2012), and the Acro Net setup dance act was excluded from the show  At the same time the musical score was renovated with assistance from Benoît Jutras, a longtime music director and arranger for Cirque who later went on to compose for Quidam and other Cirque shows  The result, captured in the album Mystère: Live in Las Vegas, was a score that reflects the diverse compositional styles of both composers   Mystère: Live in Las Vegas is a live, in-house recording of the new score, featuring Nathalie Gauvin and Wendy Talley on vocals; the album was released on November 12, 1996  After the release of the live album, the music was rearranged and altered once again  While the album resembles the current live music closely, it is not identical  For the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the show in 2018, a vinyl album specifically dedicated to the employees was created in limited quantities, just as it was done for the show Alegria in 1994 and Saltimbanco in 1997 
Below are the track lists for the 1994, 1996 and 2018 Mystère soundtrack albums  Acts are listed next to the songs they have accompanied in the show 

Songs not appearing on either album:

Alice (Ending, 1993 - 1995  Updated version of song right after "Finale," 1995 - present)
Benny (Clown act, 1996 – present)
Mime (Clown act, 1995 - 1996)
Bolero (Clown act, 1995 - 1996)
Benny Le Grand (Clown act, 1993 - 1995)
Cercles (German Wheel, 1995 - 1997)
High Bar II (Dual high bar, 2010 - 2012)
Avos (Bungee, 2022 - Present)
Hell/Angel (Dei ex machina, 1993 – present)
Rampant (Chineses poles Exit)
Nouvel Envol (Aerial cube, 2015 - 2017) (Solo Aerial Straps, 2015–present) (Duo Aerial Straps, 2017 - 2018)
Love Over (Duo Aerial Straps, 2018 - present)Vocalists
Singer 1

Nathalie Gauvin: Dec 1993 - Dec 2005
Jeannette D' Armand: 2000 (temporarily replaced Nathalie Gauvin)
Mirjana Milovanovic: Jan 2006 - Jul 2007
Sarah Boucher: Jul 2007 - Sep 2009
Silje Marie Norderhaugh: Sep 2009 - Jan 2013
Anna Bille: Jan 2013 - Dec 2014, Oct 2017
Kailee Ann: Dec 2014 - Aug 2017
Mackenzie Thomas: April 2018 - PresentSinger 2

Elise "Gouin" Velle: Dec 1993 - Sep 1994
Wendy Talley: Sep 1994 - Dec 1997, 1998 (temporarily replaced Chantal Hamel)
Chantal Hamel: Dec 1997 - Jul 1999
Stacey Beth Sanford: Jul 1999 - Dec 2000
Dina Emerson: Jan 2001 - Jan 2002, Apr 2007 - Jun 2017
Rochelle Collins: Jan 2002 - Jul 2003, Oct 2003 - May 2007
Briana Rossi: Jun 2017 - July 2021
Brittany Mae: July 2021 - PresentSinger 3

Luis Perez: Dec 1993 - Jul 1996

In popular culture
Mystère was a featured guest performance on Lopez Tonight, airing December 20, 2010  The featured acts included the hand-to-hand and aerial cube acts 
In the film Knocked Up, the main characters watched Mystère 
In the webseries Dorm Life, the character Courtney Cloverlock, a huge Cirque du Soleil fan, has posters of both Mystère and Love by her bed 
Yuji Naka, creator of the video game Nights into Dreams…, has cited Mystère as an inspiration for the game 
Mystère did a performance collaboration with alternative rock band Imagine Dragons for the Life is Beautiful Festival 
Passage 5:
O (Cirque du Soleil)
O is a water-themed stage production by Cirque du Soleil, a Canadian circus and entertainment company  The show has been in permanent residence at the Bellagio in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, since October 1998  O, whose name is pronounced the same way as eau, the French word for "water", takes place around and above a 1 5-million-US-gallon (5,700 m3) pool of water  It features water acts such as synchronized swimming as well as aerial and ground acts   The O theatre, which is designed to resemble a 14th-century European opera house, has 1,800 seats, thus allowing the performance to be watched by 3,600 people a night since the performance usually plays twice in a given day, also designed to meet the special demands of the show O was inspired by the "infinity and elegance of water's pure form," which pays tribute to the beauty of the theatre  A group of 150 stage technicians assist in the production of the show, the cast of which is 85 performers: international acrobats, synchronized swimmers, and divers  Some of them are former Olympic athletes 

History
Since late October 2010, Cirque du Soleil has offered backstage tours of the O theatre  The experience allows visitors to see the backstage wings, training rooms, costume workshop, break area, underwater lighting area, and go up to a catwalk into the sound and lighting booths   Not every experience 
will be the same as the tour is conducted around a "regular day", so performers may or may not be training, rehearsing, or even working out As of early 2011, O has grossed over a billion dollars since the show opened in 1998 O has received many awards, including the following:

Entertainment Design Award, best production show, 1998
Las Vegas Review-Journal, best production show, 1999–2006
THEA, live show category, 1999
Prix Italia, creativity in high definition, 2009, for the documentary FlowO had its 10,000th performance on 1 September 2019 

Set and technical information
The show has a cast of 85 acrobats, synchronized swimmers and divers performing in and above a 1 5 million-gallon pool  When maintenance needs to be performed, the pool is drained in about 12 hours to the Bellagio Lake, causing the lake's water level to rise 1 inch (25 mm)  The pool is kept at 88 °F (31 °C) and has an underwater speaker system and regulators that allow performers to breathe underwater  Every member of the cast is scuba-certified 
The underwater stage lift was produced by Handling Specialty   In order for the platform stage to rise and fall in the water without a wake, the rubber surface of the stage is perforated Cold air vents under each seat help control the theatre temperature for the audience  The goal is to maintain two temperature zones in the theatre: the stage is kept at a higher temperature of 84 °F (29 °C), while the audience area is kept at a lower temperature of 72 °F (22 °C)  A mesh false ceiling allows warm moist air to escape out of the top of the theatre To minimize damage to the musical instruments, the musicians play from glass enclosures in the theatre  Some of the musical instruments used in the show are more than 100 years old  The unique string instrument heard in the soundtrack of O is an erhu, a traditional Chinese bowed string instrument 
To maintain a fresh look on the performers, some performers have multiple sets of costumes so they may reappear dry despite having been in the water   Some of the costumes only have a lifespan of approximately 20 shows due to the bromide and chlorine in the water Additional facts about the show:

Some of the props function as boats, like the umbrella that Le Vieux rides on the water 
There are 15 technicians underwater during the show, performing various tasks such as artist handling and props manipulation 
The horses that the Comets ride in the show weigh 900 pounds (410 kg) 
The clown house weighs over 7,000 pounds (3,200 kg) 
Hanging 49 feet above the stage, the carousel and téléphérique (a conveyor system) carry tons of equipment as well as performers during the show 
Most of the props that are used during the show are actually driven by the Performers who ride them   For instance, the carousel horses have a small propeller underneath their tails; they are controlled by a joystick located on the back of the horse 

Costumes
Costumes for O drew inspiration from many sources: commedia dell'arte, the Baroque, India, the Arabian Nights, as well as Venetian courtly fashions   The costumes' silhouettes are defined by the design and are accentuated by the transparency of the selected materials and fabrics   Many costumes' base design are leotards which are then expounded upon: this includes the Zebras and Flayed Ones, among others   The Flayed Ones' leotards, for example, originally had hand-painted muscles on them, as digital screen-printing was inaccessible at the time of creation   Another special attribute critical to costumes in O is their treatment to help withstand the water and chemicals in it   To achieve this feat, roughly 40% of the costumes have been applied with a specific type of silicon sizing   In addition, the materials chosen are more durable and had to be able to both mould to the performer's body and dry quickly  Over the years the best fabric found for the costumes has been nylon mesh, which performs well either wet or dry Additional facts regarding the costumes:
A separate room was built with timed heaters and fans to air-dry many of the costumes which cannot be tumble-dried 
Sixty loads of laundry are done nightly to wash the costumes which can be machine washed 
The swimmers' costumes are replaced every 3 months 
The Comets' costumes last for a full year 
All wigs and headpieces had to have chinstraps added 

Music
The music of O was composed by Benoit Jutras and features a mix of classical Western and world instrumentation, including Chinese violin (erhu), bagpipes, African guitar and harp (kora), Colombian guitar, cello, ancient woodwinds and a wide variety of percussion instruments  During the show, the score is performed by a live band situated behind glass walls above and to the side of the stage  The glass protects the musicians' equipment from moisture damage 
O's music was recorded at the Bellagio and released on November 24, 1998  (ASIN B00000FDJZ) The album was re-released on September 6, 2005  (ASIN B000A2H9WU) The songs are listed below with their corresponding act in parentheses Album track list (and acts in the show accompanied by each song):

Jeux d'Eau (Solo and duo trapeze)
Mer Noire (Barge)
Tzelma (Interlude from bateau)
Africa (Interlude from clown act 1)
Remous (Bateau)
Svecounia (Interlude from contortion, cerceaux)
Nostalgie (Intro to russian swings)
Simcha (Character parade, Russian swings)
Gamelan (Contortion)
Ephra (Flying man and cadre)
Désert (Opening, nage, solo and duo trapeze)
Terre Aride (Fire)
O (Finale)Additional songs in the show not included on the album:

Danse (Clown act 2) (2001-present)
Debbie (Journey of Man) (Washington/solo trapeze)
Festival (Interlude from Fire)
Sur Terre (Clown act 2) (1998-2000)
Plouf (High dive)
La Glace (Clown act 1) (1998-2000)
Reda Ver 1 (Opening) (1998-2000)
Reda Ver 2 (Opening) (2001-present)
Confluence (Interlude from Cerceaux)
Merou (Washington trapeze) (1998 only)
Nenuphar (Intro to contortion)
Robinet (Clown act 1) (2001–present)
Humoresque No  7 Opus 101 (Opening Interlude) (1998-2000)
Aurora (Opening Interlude) (2001–present)

Filmography
In 2007, Cirque du Soleil released the film Flow (A Tribute to the Artists of "O")   The documentary was filmed in the O theatre and by the Colorado River   The film shows certain artists performing out around the river as well as on stage and provides information on the necessary technical equipment used to produce the performance   Bonus features of Flow include: performance clips, Russian swing act, technical information and film below the surface of the O pool, and information about the creation of O itself In 2009, Flow won the Prix Italia award for the category of Creativity in High Definition The following acts were used in Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away:

Synchronised swimming
Bateau
Fire
Duo trapeze
Contortion
Aerial hoops
Passage 6:
Le Rêve (show)
Le Rêve ("The Dream") was a stage production in residence at the Wynn Las Vegas casino resort  It was the only Las Vegas show set in an aquatic theater-in-the-round stage (>1 million US gallon (water capacity)  The show featured diving and feats of strength with special effects, including fire effects  No seat is more than 40 feet (12 m) from the stage   The production was originally created by Franco Dragone but has been substantially revised over time  The show featured more than 90 performers and 250 cast and crew members Each member of the cast must become SCUBA-certified before performing in the theater  In January 2018, Le Rêve completed a two-year reimagination of the production  The show now features all-new costumes designed by Suzy Benzinger, choreography by Marguerite Derricks, music by Benoit Jutras and lighting design by Jules Fisher and Peggy Eisenhauer  In April 2019, the show was voted “Best Production Show” by the Southern Nevada Hotel Concierge Association for the ninth consecutive year 

Show
While the show is continually revised over time, the central theme includes a female lead who see-saws back and forth between her dueling desires for love and passion, mind or body, as she finds herself attracted to two men  Put into a dream world to help her decide between the two suitors, she embarks on a mystical journey  The show concludes with what the production calls "a graceful and inspirational scene "The show includes dancing, swimming, gymnastics, diving and stunt performances, aerial performance and trained dove flights  During the production run, two of the athletes playing romantic leads fell in love themselves  Olympic athletes and notable gymnasts have joined the cast over the years 

History
The show had its world premiere on May 6, 2005 All rights to the show are owned by Wynn Las Vegas, so the resort is able to adapt the show at will  Le Rêve celebrated its 3,000th performance in January 2012   The show celebrated its 12th anniversary in the summer of 2017 and has performed approximately 5,700 shows  Le Rêve celebrated its 6,000th performance in May 2018 
The House of Dancing Water, has some similarities to Le Rêve and O by Cirque du Soleil The cast and crew of “Le Reve,” the signature production at Wynn Las Vegas since the hotel opened in 2005, were placed on furlough May 28, 2020  The first large-scale Las Vegas production show to permanently close due to the coronavirus pandemic is one of the most acclaimed performances to ever hit the Strip  Wynn Las Vegas confirmed “Le Rêve” has shuttered for good after more than 6,000 shows over the last 15 years 

Honors and awards
Media history
Six performers from Le Rêve were the models for the season finale of Face Off, aired on SyFy on March 26, 2013   They also performed an act in the make-up, complete with full immersion and dives into the water 
Le Rêve was featured on an episode of the Fine Living series What Makes it Tick, produced by NorthSouth Productions 
Cast members from the show performed on a results episode of NBC's summer hit America's Got Talent in 2010 
Cast members were also featured in the music video for the single "Only the Young", by Brandon Flowers 
32 performers from Le Rêve staged a "surreal, elaborate montage of scenes" from the show as part of the 2010 Latin Grammys at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas  The event was broadcast live on Univision 
Cast members and the show were featured on the first episode of Somebody's Gotta Do It with Mike Rowe on CNN 

Theater and Facilities
The show take places in a unique aquatic theater-in-the-round  The swimming pool has a capacity of more than 1 million US gallons with its deepest point at 27 feet  Performers climb to heights of more than 80 feet above the water before diving straight down  Public estimates of the cost of the theater itself were up to $75 million for the original construction, not including later renovations such as 180-speaker surround sound Two significant curtain effects have been used, including a 24-panel canopy that takes more than an hour to reset for the next show In 2008, a VIP seating area was added to the theater   In 2015, an additional 172 fountains, 120 LED lighting fixtures, and 16 fire-shooting devices were added by WET Design   Current capacity is 1,600 per show, not including an underwater SCUBA viewing area that is sometimes available for VIP guests 
Context 3:  He appeared briefly at the end of the 2000 film Billy Elliot as the adult version of the title character, who is seen performing the role of the Swan  A DVD recording of the Swan Lake with Cooper and the original cast was issued in 1996 and can be seen on Youtube com  Excerpts from Swan Lake (Bourne) appeared on the 1998 Royal Variety TV program and he repeated his Swan/Stranger role for the TV audience  His performance in the Billy Elliot film and in the Swan Lake (Bourne) DVD inspired at least one of the boys playing Billy Elliot in the stage production to join New Adventures in the hopes of performing The Swan role  In 2003 Cooper once again played the Swan/Stranger when AMP toured in Japan, and there was enormous enthusiasm for his performance and he acquired a large number of new fans 
In 1997 Cooper was invited by Bourne to take part in the initial planning of AMP's next show, Cinderella  This version of the dance took place in London during the Blitz, but used the same Prokofiev music as the classic version Cinderella (Prokofiev)  Cooper helped to create and performed the role of Pilot (the Prince analog) in the initial 1997 London run and also played the Angel (the Godmother analog), and Sarah Wildor was his partner when she played the title role 
The production was also performed in Los Angeles in 1999 

Freelance dancer and choreographer
In 1998 Cooper worked with the Scottish Ballet to choreograph Just Scratching the Surface  He also performed the Hoffmann role in their production of Tales of Hoffmann  Since then he has gone on to choreograph for other ballet companies and for musical theatre 
Cooper appeared as a dancer and choreographer at the Exeter Festival for 3 years, heading evenings of dance co-produced with Iain Webb  In 2002 Cooper and Sarah Wildor presented a tribute to Sir Kenneth MacMillan at Exeter and in Japan  The Adam Cooper Company represented the UK at the Washington International Ballet Festival in 2003 performing a revival of Sir Kenneth MacMillan's Sea of Troubles Cooper has frequently danced as a guest artist with the Royal Ballet since leaving the company, performing lead roles in Romeo and Juliet, Ondine and Onegin  and others  In 2002 he created the role of Badger in William Tuckett's Wind in the Willows  In 2004 created the title role in Tuckett's The Soldier's Tale, which he reprised in 2005 and later performed in Japan in 2009 and 2015 In 2005 he realized a long-held vision with his own production of Les Liaisons dangereuses, a mixture of theater and dance  Co-directed and designed by Lez Brotherston, the production was choreographed by Cooper and he also played the lead role of Viscomte de Valmont  The piece premiered in Japan early in the year before a summer season at Sadler's Wells, with a cast which included Simon Cooper and Sarah Wildor In 2009 Cooper joined Russell Maliphant to dance in Maliphant's 2:4:10 contemporary dance program- an evening of works celebrating Maliphant's 10 years as a choreographer 

Musical theatre
2002 to 2010
In Cooper's first venture into the musical theatre he was both the choreographer and actor (playing the lead role of Junior Dolan) in On Your Toes  In 2002 it played at Leicester Haymarket, and was in transferred in 2003 to the Royal Festival in the West End of London  Sarah Wildor joined the production in 2003 to play the role of Vera Baronova  He was lauded by both the critics and the audience for his contributions and was rewarded with the Critics' Circle National Dance Award for Best Choreography and Most Popular Dancer  In 2004 the production also had a successful tour in Japan In 2002 Cooper provided the choreography for the Swedish production of Garbo-the Musical  Cooper also played the lead role of Don Lockwood and choreographed Paul Kerryson's Singin' in the Rain in 2004 at Sadler's Wells Theatre, Leicester Haymarket, and was nominated for Critic's Circle Award for Choreography of a Musical  He was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for his choreography of the 2004 Grand Hotel for The Donmar Warehouse  The production won the 2005 Olivier Award in the category of Outstanding Musical Production In 2005, Cooper and Wildor performed a two-person play, Wallflowering, at the Seven Oaks Playhouse  Their roles were primarily dialogue with intermittent bits of ballroom dancing  Following this, he designed the choreography for the revival of Promises, Promises at Sheffield's Crucible Theatre In 2006 Cooper appeared alongside Neil Morrissey and Patrick Swayze playing Sky Masterson in Guys and Dolls at The Piccadilly Theatre, London and in 2007 he provided the musical staging for Side by Side by Sondheim for The Venue Theatre, London 2008 saw Cooper's return to the stage, creating the role of Ramon in Zorro the Musical for the UK tour  He also played the Tin Man in the Royal Festival Hall's summer staging of the musical The Wizard of Oz, after which he turned his attention back to choreography  First, he choreographed Carousel for director Lindsay Posner which had a very successful UK tour and West End run at the Savoy Theatre  Then Cooper was asked by Paul Kerryson to direct and choreograph the first new show, Simply Cinderella, at the brand new Curve Theatre, Leicester In 2009 Cooper unveiled Shall We Dance at Sadler's Wells, an ambitious all-dance show based on Richard Rodgers' songs  For this production he was the box-office star, director, creator, librettist and choreographer  Later that year, he provided choreography for Lindsay Posner's production of the Donizetti opera Roberto Devereux at the Holland Park Theatre, Kensington, London Cooper co-starred in the touring stage version of Irving Berlin's White Christmas during the Christmas season in 2009 2010 and 2011  He played the role of Phil Davis 

2011 to the present
Cooper was the above-the-title star playing the role of Don Lockwood in Jonathan Church's highly successful 2011–2013 production of Singin' in the Rain, with choreography by Andrew Wright  Its first sold-out run was at the Chichester Festival Theatre and then a longer run at West End's Palace Theatre  He also performed the iconic Singin' in the Rain scene on the 2011 Royal Variety Performance TV show  The stage show was nominated for the Best Musical Revival and several other Laurence Olivier and other awards  A cast recording of Singin' in the Rain was issued in 2012  Good Mornin' was performed at the 2012 Olivier Awards Ceremony  The show, starring Cooper, played in Japan for three weeks of November 2014 In 2013 Cooper choreographed Matthew White's well-received production of Candide at the Menier Chocolate Factory  Reviewer Sam Smith wrote "Adam Cooper's choreography is racy, and the production finds a particular affinity with the 'Surrealism' of the piece " In late 2013 Cooper was invited to Denmark to choreograph Daniel Bohr's Danish language version of Evita at the Det Ny Teater (The New Theater) in Copenhagen  The show premiered in January 2014  For Evita, Adam Cooper created a choreography with continuous tango elements merged into the rest of the dance Cooper provided the "energetic" 60's choreography for Sunny Afternoon Musical at the Hampstead Theatre in London  The show ran from April to end of May in 2014 and then in October 2014 it transferred to The Harold Pinter Theatre (formerly The Comedy Theatre) 
at the West End  Its run was extended several times due to its popularity with the audience and positive critical reviews  It was nominated for numerous awards and won 4 Olivier Awards in 2015  Details are at Sunny Afternoon 
Cooper had another opportunity to present a stage version of Les Liaisons dangereuses (Gefährliche Liebschaften) in 2015   He choreographed and co-directed with Josef E  Köpplinger a German musical version of the novel with a newly commissioned book, lyrics and score for the itinerant Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz company in Munich, Germany 
In 2019, Cooper appeared in the UK Tour of New Adventures' The Red Shoes, playing the role of Boris Lermontov 

Films and TV
The Soldier's Tale (2010) TV Movie (The Soldier)
Bourne to Dance (2001) TV Movie (himself)
Billy Elliot (2000) Arts Council of England, BBC Films, Working Title Films (Billy, Aged 25)
Madame Bovary (2000) TV Movie (Vicomte)
The Sandman (2000) Channel 4 TV Movie
Jason and the Argonauts (2000) Hallmark Entertainment & Panfilm TV Movie (Eros)
Dance Ballerina Dance (1998) BBC2 TV (himself)
Swan Lake (Bourne) (1998) PBS Great Performances TV Series with Adventures in Motion Pictures (Swan/Stranger)
Royal Variety Performance TV Show (1998) Excerpts from Swan Lake (Bourne) (Swan/Stranger)
The South Bank show: Matthew Bourne's Adventures in Motion Pictures (1997) TV Documentary (himself)
Swan Lake (Bourne) (1996) BBC/NVC with Adventures in Motion Pictures (Swan/Stranger)
Mayerling (ballet) (1994) BBC with the Royal Ballet (Hungarian officer)
Gala Tribute to Tchaikovsky (1993) TV Special (Principal Dancer)
Winter Dreams (1992) BBC TV with the Royal Ballet (Staff Captain Vassily Vasilyevich Solyony)
La Bayadère, The Sleeping Beauty (ballet), Winter Gala with Royal Ballet for BBC TV
Prince of the Pagodas (1990) with the Royal Ballet
Merry Wives of Windsor (1982) BBC TV (fairy)

Other
(2000) National Portrait Gallery (London), portrait of Adam Cooper by Stuart Pearson Wrightoil on gesso on oak panel, NPG 6542
(2014) Imperial Classical Ballet Faculty Patrons, Adam Cooper and Sarah Wildor

Awards
(1988) Ursula Moreton Choreographic Competition
(1989) Professional Level Prize @ Prix de Lausanne
(1996) Time Out Award for Best Performance in AMP's Swan Lake
(1997) Evening Standard Award for his performance as The Swan in AMP's Swan Lake
(1997) Drama League Award for Best Performance as The Swan in AMP's Swan Lake (Los Angeles Season)
(1999) Astaire Award for outstanding Male Dancer for his performance as The Swan in AMP's Swan Lake
(1999) Nominated for Best Actor in a Musical Tony Award for the Broadway Season of Swan Lake
(2002) Nominated for Best Male Dancer by the Critics' Circle National Dance Awards for his performances with the Royal Ballet and On Your Toes 
(2003) Critics' Circle National Dance Awards for Best Choreography for On Your Toes
(2003) Critics' Circle National Dance Awards for Most Popular Dancer 
(2003) Nominated for Whatsonstage com Theatregoers' Choice Awards – for Best Choreographer and Best Actor in a Musical for On Your Toes
(2004) Nominated by Critics' Circle National Dance Awards for Best Choreography (Musical Theater) for Singin' in the Rain
(2005) Nominated for What's Onstage Award for choreography of the 2004 Grand Hotel for The Donmar Warehouse 
(2005) Nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for choreography of the 2004 Grand Hotel for The Donmar Warehouse 
(2013) Nominated for What's Onstage Award as Best Actor in a Musical for Singin in the Rain
Passage 4:
The Nutcracker (1993 film)
The Nutcracker, also known as George Balanchine's The Nutcracker, is a 1993 American Christmas musical film based on Peter Martins's stage production and directed by Emile Ardolino  It stars Darci Kistler, Damian Woetzel, Kyra Nichols, Bart Robinson Cook, Macaulay Culkin, Jessica Lynn Cohen, Wendy Whelan, Margaret Tracey, Gen Horiuchi, Tom Gold, and the New York City Ballet 
The film was released by Warner Bros  under their Warner Bros  Family Entertainment label on November 24, 1993, four days after director Ardolino died  It received mixed reviews and was a box office failure, grossing only $2 million 

Plot
The film follows the traditional plot of the Nutcracker 

Act I
Scene 1: The Stahlbaum Home

It is Christmas Eve  Family and friends have gathered in the parlor to decorate the beautiful Christmas tree in preparation for the party  Once it is finished, the children are sent for  They stare in awe at it sparkling with candles and decorations 
The party begins  A march is played  Presents are given out to the children  Suddenly, as the owl-topped grandmother clock strikes eight, a mysterious figure enters the room  It is Herr Drosselmeyer, a local councilman, magician, and Marie's godfather  He is also a talented toymaker who has brought gifts for the children, including four lifelike dolls who dance to the delight of all  He then has them put away for safekeeping 
Marie and her brother, Fritz, are sad to see the dolls being taken away, but Drosselmeyer has yet another toy for them: a wooden nutcracker carved in the shape of a little man  The other children ignore it, but Marie immediately takes a liking to it  Fritz, however, breaks it, and she is heartbroken 
During the night, after everyone else has gone to bed, Marie returns to the parlor to check on her beloved nutcracker  As she reaches the little bed she put it on, the clock strikes midnight and she looks up to see Drosselmeyer perched atop it  Suddenly, mice begin to fill the room and the Christmas tree begins to grow to dizzying heights  The nutcracker also grows to life size  Marie finds herself in the midst of a battle between an army of gingerbread soldiers and the mice, led by their king  They begin to eat the soldiers 
The nutcracker appears to lead the soldiers, who are joined by tin soldiers, and dolls who serve as doctors to carry away the wounded  As the Mouse King advances on the still-wounded nutcracker, Marie throws her slipper at him, distracting him long enough for the nutcracker to stab him Scene 2: A Pine Forest
The mice retreat and the nutcracker is transformed into a handsome Prince  He leads Marie through the moonlit night to a pine forest in which the snowflakes come to life and dance around them, beckoning them on to his kingdom as the first act ends 

Act II
Scene 1: The Land of Sweets

Marie and the Prince travel to the beautiful Land of Sweets, ruled by the Sugar Plum Fairy in the Prince's place until his return  He recounts for her how he had been saved from the Mouse King by Marie and transformed back into himself 
In honor of the young heroine, a celebration of sweets from around the world is produced: chocolate from Spain, coffee from Arabia, tea from China, and candy canes from Russia all dance for their amusement; Danish shepherdesses perform on their flutes; Mother Ginger has her children, the Polichinelles, emerge from under her enormous hoop skirt to dance; a string of beautiful flowers perform a waltz  To conclude the night, the Sugar Plum Fairy and her Cavalier perform a dance A final waltz is performed by all the sweets, after which the Sugar Plum Fairy ushers Marie and the Prince down from their throne  He bows to her, she kisses Marie goodbye, and leads them to a reindeer-drawn sleigh  It takes off as they wave goodbye to all the subjects who wave back 

Cast
Darci Kistler as The Sugar Plum Fairy
Damian Woetzel as The Sugar Plum Fairy's Cavalier
Kyra Nichols as Dewdrop
Wendy Whelan as Coffee
Margaret Tracey as Marzipan
Gen Horiuchi as Tea
Tom Gold as Candy Cane
Lourdes López as Hot Chocolate
Nilas Martins as Hot Chocolate
William Otto as Mother Ginger
Peter Reznick as Fritz
Karin von Aroldingen as Grandparent
Edward Bigelow as Grandparent
Heather Watts as Frau Stahlbaum
Robert LaFosse as Dr  Stahlbaum
Bart Robinson Cook as Herr Drosselmeyer
Jessica Lynn Cohen as Marie Stahlbaum
Macaulay Culkin as The Nutcracker/Prince/Drosselmeyer's Nephew
Kevin Kline as Narrator
Katrina Killian as Harlequin
Roma Sosenko as Columbine
Michael Byars as Soldier
Robert D  Lyon as Mouse King
Maureen C  McFadden Devlin as Drummer

Reception
Critical response
The film received generally mixed reviews from critics  Based on eight reviews, it holds a rotten rating of 50% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 6/10  The film was criticized by James Berardinelli for not capturing the excitement of a live performance; he wrote that it "opts to present a relatively mundane version of the stage production   utilizing almost none of the advantages offered by the (film) medium " Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times was mixed on it, and gave it 2 out of 4 stars criticizing it for not adapting the dance for a film audience and also its casting of Culkin who, he writes, "seems peripheral to all of the action, sort of like a celebrity guest or visiting royalty, nodding benevolently from the corners of shots " In The Washington Post, Lucy Linfield echoed Ebert's criticism of Culkin, stating that "it's not so much that he can't act or dance; more important, the kid seems to have forgotten how to smile   all little Mac can muster is a surly grimace " She praised the dancing, however, as "strong, fresh and in perfect sync" and Kistler's Sugar Plum Fairy as "the Balanchinean ideal of a romantic, seemingly fragile beauty combined with a technique of almost startling strength, speed and knifelike precision " The New York Times' Stephen Holden also criticized Culkin, calling his performance the film's "only serious flaw", but praised the cinematography as "very scrupulous in the way it establishes a mood of participatory excitement, then draws back far enough so that the classic ballet sequences choreographed by Balanchine and staged by Peter Martins can be seen in their full glory "

Box office
During its theatrical run, the film grossed $2,119,994  In North America, it opened at number 16 in its first weekend with $783,721 

See also
List of Christmas films
Passage 5:
Dennis Courtney
Dennis H  Beaulne (born April 30, 1958), better known by his stage name Dennis Courtney, is an American stage director, choreographer, actor and teacher of master classes in auditioning for the theatre  As a director, he is notable for winning the 2008 Israeli National Theatre Prize (Israel's TONY Award equivalent) for his work in the Cameri Theatre production of Fiddler On The Roof, in Tel Aviv  The production closed on January 27, 2016 after a near 8-year run  As an actor, he made his Broadway debut in the 1979 production of Peter Pan with Sandy Duncan and George Rose  Subsequent Broadway/National Tour/Production credits include Shenandoah with John Raitt (1984), Joseph And The Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (1984), Roza (1987) and Starlight Express (1989-1990)  He directed and choreographed a production of My Way, for the Riverside Center Theatre in Virginia and It Shoulda Been You starring Kim Zimmer and 8 Track: The Sounds of the 70's for Gretna Theatre in July and August 2016  In early 2017, he directed and choreographed Kiss Me, Kate at Kent State  In March 2017 he directed the pre-Broadway workshop production of The Last Adam, a new musical by George Alex Livings and Jonathan Hickey  He has collaborated with playwright David Brian Colbert on a new play with music about the life of legendary performer, Ethel Waters, entitled Still Waters: The Life of the Legendary Ethel Waters  The play is currently in development 

Personal life
Born Denis Beaulne in Detroit, Michigan to French Canadian parents, Albert Beaulne and Claudette Perron   He took the stage name Dennis Courtney with his first union acting job in 1978   Courtney has 2 siblings - a sister, Rachelle Beaulne McKevlin and a brother, Raymond Beaulne   He also has a step-sister, Lori Hurren Harrell and a step-brother, William Hurren  Dennis' parents divorced in 1967 and both remarried   His mother married Harry Parr and his father married Anna Pasternacki   Harry Parr died in 1986, Anna Pasternacki Beaulne died on December 5, 2011  Albert Beaulne is currently living in Cornelius, NC   Dennis' mother, Claudette, died on June 6, 2010  Dennis has been in a long term relationship with entrepreneur, Grant Wheaton, since 2000  Dennis and Grant became engaged on Christmas Day 2016 and married on July 29, 2017 
He graduated from Anderson High School in Cincinnati, Ohio and studied theatre at the University of Cincinnati   He currently resides in New York City and has homes in Sarasota, Florida and Palm Desert, California 

Notes
External links
Official Website - http://www denniscourtney com
Dennis Courtney (http://ibdb com/person php?id=92973) at the Internet Broadway Database
Dennis Courtney (http://www broadwayworld com/people/Dennis-Courtney/#) at BroadwayWorld com
Passage 6:
Stephen Nicholas (actor)
Stephen Charles Nicholas (born 23 August 1978)  music artist and presenter from Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England 
As an actor Stephens first role was on Sky One's Dream Team, where he played Scott Ward  From there, he filmed the first in the trilogy Goal! (In which he played a Newcastle United Reserves player)  Following this, he moved to Los Angeles, where he played Smith in the feature film Futbaal: The Price of Dreams 
Stephen then returned to the UK to make a Bollywood film called Dhana Dhana Goal with John Abraham 
Stephen then experienced her first opportunity in reality TV with the show Premier League All Stars for Sky One, as well as playing a footballer, he was on-hand to present celebrity gossip and pitch side reports 
He then appeared in Celebrity Most Haunted and Date the Enemy  From there he then went on to star in Goal 3 where he not only acted in the film he also became the football choreographer and choreographed all the football scenes in the film 
Nicholas then starred in the film Damned United where he played Welsh international Alan Durban, the film was filmed in Chesterfield and Leeds and was directed by Oscar winner Tom Hooper and also starred Oscar nominated Michael Sheen 
Stephens next production was the feature film called 'No Way Back Now'about the notorious Manchester district of Moss Side, where Stephen played the lead actor Stuart Gavin  The feature is roughly based on the notorious Gooch gang that terrorised Manchester throughout the years 
The next move for Stephen was pantomime where he was part of the production Aladdin over the Christmas period of 2015 in Doncaster playing Abanaza the main villain which he did until 7 January 2016! 
He Was also in the Feature Film 'Whiteblade' where he will played Thurstan the head Warlord Whiteblade Stephen shot his scenes in August 2016 
In September 2016 Stephen presenting the Sky TV show 'Britz go Bollywood' the show consists of a group of Celebrities being dressed by The best Indian designers, stephen was the main presenter of the show 

Music
Nicholas instigated and was part of a group called U K  Flow  The group was made up of 14 celebrities from television and sport 

Football
Nicholas was a Sunday league footballer at various clubs

Filmography
External links
Official Site
Stephen Nicholas at IMDb
Passage 7:
The Nutcracker (Balanchine)
Choreographer George Balanchine's production of Tchaikovsky's 1892 ballet The Nutcracker has become the most famous stage production of the ballet performed in the U S  (Mikhail Baryshnikov's production is the most famous television version, although it too originated onstage ) It uses the plot of the Alexandre Dumas, père, version of E T



ground_truth: O

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who choreographed one who is said to be the last muse for the choreographer and starred in the Nutcracker?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: A  Hoffmann's tale, "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King" (1816)  Its premiere took place on February 2, 1954, at City Center, New York, with costumes by Karinska and sets by Horace Armistead  It has been staged in New York every year since 1954, and many other productions throughout the United States either imitate it, or directly use the Balanchine staging  However, although it is often cited as being the production that made the ballet famous in the U S , it was Willam Christensen's 1944 production for the San Francisco Ballet which first introduced the complete work to the United States 

Staging
In Balanchine's version, the leading roles of Clara (here called Marie) and the Nutcracker/Prince are danced by children, and so their dances are choreographed to be less difficult than the ones performed by the adults  Marie does not dance at all in the second act of this version  The Prince's dancing in Act II is limited to the pantomime that he performs "describing" his defeat of the Mouse King  Instead, Marie and the Prince sit out nearly all of Act II watching other dancers perform for them, and unlike most other versions, neither one of them takes part in the ballet's Final Waltz 
Because Marie and the Nutcracker / Prince are played by children approximately ten years old in the Balanchine Nutcracker, no adult romantic interest between them is even implied, although Marie and Drosselmeyer's nephew, who looks exactly like the Prince, are clearly drawn to each other during the Christmas party  However, the 1958 Playhouse 90 telecast of the Balanchine Nutcracker, which changed Marie's name back to Clara and stated that the Prince was Drosselmeyer's nephew, had narrator June Lockhart saying at the end that "From that day on, Drosselmeyer's nephew is Clara's Prince and Clara is his Princess, and I need not tell you that they lived happily ever after " (But Drosselmeyer's nephew is there when the Nutcracker is broken during the Christmas party, so it is difficult to believe that he is the Nutcracker/ Prince, unless Marie dreams her fantasy adventures, and it is unclear in this version whether she does or not ) Years later, movie critic Stephen Holden, in reviewing the 1993 film version of the Balanchine Nutcracker, referred to Marie as the Prince's sweetheart  And oddly enough, throughout Act II of the 1993 film of Balanchine's version, Marie does wear a veil that resembles a bridal veil 
The Balanchine version uses perhaps more real children than any other version  (In other versions, the children are sometimes played by adult women ) The rôles of Clara and the Nutcracker/ Prince are performed by adults in many other versions, and in these productions of the ballet, there is usually more than a hint of budding romance between the two 
The Journey Through the Snow sequence, in many other productions danced by Clara and the Nutcracker immediately after his transformation into a Prince, is not danced at all in the Balanchine version, although the music is played  Instead, Marie faints and falls on the bed after the battle, and the Nutcracker exits  Marie's bed moves by itself across the stage as the music plays, and at its climax, the Nutcracker reappears and through the use of a stage effect, turns into a Prince  He awakens Marie, places on her head one of the crowns that he took from the dead seven-headed Mouse King, and they exit  (In the 1993 film of Balanchine's Nutcracker, the bed flies through the air rather than simply moving across the stage  This is achieved by visual effects created by Industrial Light & Magic )

On the screen
Balanchine's Nutcracker has since been staged in New York every year, filmed once, and performed live on television three times – although its first television edition, telecast by CBS in 1957 on the TV anthology The Seven Lively Arts, was severely abridged  Some sources say it was complete, but it could not have been because The Seven Lively Arts was only an hour long  This marked the first telecast not only of the Balanchine version but of any staging of the ballet  CBS's Playhouse 90 broadcast a more complete (but still abridged) version of the Balanchine Nutcracker, narrated by actress June Lockhart, who was then starring as the mother in CBS's Lassie, on Christmas Day in 1958; it was the first Nutcracker (and only installment of the entire Playhouse 90 series) broadcast in color  There were only four commercial breaks  This television production starred Balanchine himself as Drosselmeyer, Diana Adams as the Sugar Plum Fairy, Bonnie Bedelia in an early role as Clara, and Robert Maiorano as the Nutcracker/ Prince Excerpts from the Balanchine production were performed several times on various television shows of the time, notably The Bell Telephone Hour and The Ed Sullivan Show The complete Balanchine version was eventually made into a poorly received full-length feature film by Elektra Entertainment and Regency Enterprises  It was distributed and released by Warner Bros  Family Entertainment in 1993, and starred Macaulay Culkin in his only screen ballet rôle, as the Nutcracker, the Prince, and Drosselmeyer's nephew  The film was directed by Emile Ardolino, with narration spoken by Kevin Kline  From the billing in this film, the Prince and the nephew would seem to be two different characters, though that may not have been what the filmmakers intended  Director Ardolino died of AIDS only a few days before the film's release  The other rôles in the film were played by members of the New York City Ballet, including Darci Kistler as the Sugar Plum Fairy, Damian Woetzel as the Fairy's Cavalier, Bart Cook as Drosselmeyer, Jessica Lynn Cohen as Marie (a k a  Clara), and Wendy Whelan as Coffee in the Arabian Dance During the 2011 Christmas season, PBS, for the very first time, presented the complete Balanchine Nutcracker on Live from Lincoln Center, although it was not seen on all PBS affiliates, since the affiliates have a choice of which programs they will air locally  This was not the 1993 film, but the production's latest revival, and the production was telecast by PBS on December 14, 2011  This presentation, directed by Alan Skog, marked the first U S  telecast of the Balanchine version (aside from cable and "on demand" showings of the 1993 theatrical film) in more than fifty years  It was nominated for an Emmy Award in July 2012 

Casts
Original
NYCB revivals
Television
(1958)

Television
(2011)

Theatrical Film Version
(1993)

Music
Balanchine adds to Tchaikovsky's score an entr'acte that the composer wrote for Act II of The Sleeping Beauty, but which is now seldom played in productions of that ballet  In Balanchine's Nutcracker, it is used as a transition between the departure of the guests and the battle with the mice  During this transition, the mother of Marie (as she is usually called in this version) appears in the living room and throws a blanket over the girl, who has crept downstairs and fallen asleep on the sofa; then Drosselmeyer appears, repairs the Nutcracker, and binds the jaw with a handkerchief  In addition, the Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy is moved from near the end of Act II to near the beginning of the second act, just after the Sugar Plum Fairy makes her first appearance  To help the musical transition, the tarantella that comes before the dance is cut  In the 1993 film version of the Balanchine version, just as in the telecast of the Baryshnikov one, the Miniature Overture is cut in half, and the opening credits are seen as the overture is heard  The film's final credits feature a reprise of the Trepak and the Waltz of the Flowers 

Footnotes
External links
George Balanchine’s The Nutcracker at the Balanchine Trust website
Passage 8:
Darci Kistler
Darci Kistler (born June 4, 1964) is an American ballerina   She is often said to be the last muse for choreographer George Balanchine 

Early life
Kistler was born in Riverside, California, the fifth child (with four older brothers) of a medical doctor and his wife   Her brothers excelled in amateur wrestling, and she followed them into water-skiing, basketball, football and horseback riding 

Ballet career
At age 4, Kistler received her first tutu and began ballet training that same year  She claimed although she was always athletic, she could never keep to her brothers—so ballet turned out to be one cornerstone she had mastered  After seeing a ballet performance of Rudolf Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn, she decided she wanted to take up ballet herself  She studied with Mary Lynn at Mary Lynn's Ballet Arts and later with Irina Kosmovska in Los Angeles 
In early 1979, Kistler was selected to study at New York City Ballet's School of American Ballet (SAB), where she met George Balanchine  She joined the New York City Ballet (NYCB) corps de ballet in 1980, and was featured in a Time article before the end of the year Kistler was promoted to (NYCB) soloist in 1981 and principal dancer in 1982, the youngest ever at 17 years  Signature roles include Balanchine's Jewels (Diamonds), Agon, Prodigal Son and Symphony in C  She danced the rôle of the Sugarplum Fairy in City Ballet's 1993 film version of The Nutcracker  She eventually wrote her own autobiography "Ballerina: My Story" as a children's book 
Kistler joined the SAB's permanent faculty in 1994 
Throughout her career, she had numerous dance-related injuries, including a broken ankle that sidelined her for three years  She went through several surgeries, including for her back In February 2009, Kistler announced her retirement from New York City Ballet at the end of the 2010 season  Her farewell performance took place on June 27, 2010, and consisted of ballets choreographed by Balanchine and Martins:

Personal life
Kistler married New York City Ballet's balletmaster-in-chief Peter Martins in 1991  In July 1992, Martins was arrested and held for five hours after Kistler phoned the police for help  Kistler filed an affidavit accusing him of assaulting her, pushing and slapping her, and cutting and bruising her arms and legs, leading to a charge of third-degree assault (a misdemeanor)  Kistler dropped the charges a few days later, saying she preferred to resolve the matter without the court's intervention  When she next performed in a ballet two days later, she reportedly wore heavy makeup to conceal bruises she had suffered  Several people who knew the two well claimed it wasn't the first time Martins had hit Kistler Kistler and Martins have one daughter, Talicia Tove Martins, born June 13, 1996 

Jerome Robbins
Ulysses Dove
Red Angels

Robert La Fosse
Danses de Cour

Peter Martins
Featured roles
George Balanchine
Jerome Robbins
Peter Martins
Television
PBS Dance in America
Bournonville Dances William Tell pas de deux
Serenade
PBS Kennedy Center Honors tribute to Alexandra Danilova
Swan Lake pas de deux
PBS Dance in America The Balanchine Celebration
PBS Live from Lincoln Center New York City Ballet's Diamond Project: Ten Years of New Choreography, 2002
Them Twos
PBS Live from Lincoln Center Lincoln Center Celebrates Balanchine 100, 2004
Liebeslieder Walzer
Passage 9:
Gwen Verdon
Gwyneth Evelyn "Gwen" Verdon (January 13, 1925 – October 18, 2000) was an American actress and dancer  She won four Tony Awards for her musical comedy performances, and served as an uncredited choreographer's assistant and specialty dance coach for theater and film  Verdon was a critically acclaimed performer on Broadway in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, having originated many roles in musicals, including Lola in Damn Yankees, the title character in Sweet Charity and Roxie Hart in Chicago  She is also strongly identified with her second husband, director-choreographer Bob Fosse, remembered as the dancer-collaborator-muse for whom he choreographed much of his work and as the guardian of his legacy after his death 

Early life
Verdon was born in Culver City, California, the second child of Gertrude Lilian (née Standring) and Joseph William Verdon, British immigrants to the United States by way of Canada  Her brother was William Farrell Verdon  Her father was an electrician at MGM Studios, and her mother was a former vaudevillian of the Denishawn dance troupe, as well as a dance teacher As a toddler, she suffered from rickets, which left her legs so badly misshapen she was called "Gimpy" by other children and spent her early years in orthopedic boots and rigid leg braces  At age three, her mother enrolled her in dance classes  Further ballet training strengthened her legs and improved her carriage 
By age six, she was dancing on stage  She went on to study multiple dance forms, ranging from tap, jazz, ballroom and flamenco to Balinese  She also studied juggling  At age 11, she appeared as a solo ballerina in the musical romance film The King Steps Out (1936), directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Grace Moore and Franchot Tone  She attended Hamilton High School in Los Angeles and studied under ballet enthusiast Ernest Belcher  While in high school, she was cast in a revival of Show Boat 
In 1942, Verdon's parents asked her to marry family friend and tabloid reporter James Henaghan after he got her pregnant at 17 years old, and she quit her dancing career to raise their child  In 1945, she appeared as a dancer in the movie musical Blonde From Brooklyn  After her divorce, she entrusted her son Jimmy to the care of her parents 

Career
Early on, Verdon found a job as assistant to choreographer Jack Cole, whose work was respected by both Broadway and Hollywood movie studios  During her five-year employment with Cole, she took small roles in movie musicals as a "specialty dancer"  She also taught dance to stars such as Jane Russell, Fernando Lamas, Lana Turner, Rita Hayworth, Betty Grable and Marilyn Monroe 
Verdon started out on Broadway going from one chorus line to another  Her breakthrough role finally came when choreographer Michael Kidd cast her as the second female lead in Cole Porter's musical Can-Can (1953), starring French prima donna Lilo  Out-of-town reviewers hailed Verdon's interpretation of Eve in the Garden of Eden ballet as a performance that upstaged the show's star, who reputedly demanded Verdon's role be cut to only two featured dance numbers  With her role reduced to little more than an ensemble part, Verdon formally announced her intention to quit by the time the show premiered on Broadway  But her opening-night Garden of Eden performance was so well-received that the audience screamed her name until the startled actress was brought from her dressing room in a towel to take a curtain call  Verdon received a pay increase and her first Tony Award for her performance 
Verdon's biggest critical and commercial success was her following show, George Abbott's Damn Yankees (1955), based on the novel The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant  The musical ran for 1,019 performances  Verdon won another Tony and went to Hollywood to repeat her role in the 1958 movie version Damn Yankees, famously singing "Whatever Lola Wants"  (Fosse can be seen partnered with her in the original mambo duet "Who's Got the Pain" )
Verdon won another Tony for her performance in the musical New Girl in Town as a hard-luck girl fleeing from her past as a prostitute  She won her fourth Tony for the murder-mystery musical Redhead, Fosse's Broadway debut as a director/choreographer  In 1960, Fosse and Verdon wed 
In 1966, Verdon returned to the stage in the role of Charity in Sweet Charity, which like many of her earlier Broadway triumphs was choreographed and directed by husband Fosse  The show is loosely based on Federico Fellini's screenplay for Nights of Cabiria  It was followed by a movie version starring  Shirley MacLaine as Charity, featuring Ricardo Montalbán, Sammy Davis Jr  and Chita Rivera, with Fosse at the helm of his very first film as director and choreographer  Verdon helped with the choreography  The numbers include the famed "Big Spender", "Rhythm of Life", "If My Friends Could See Me Now", and "I'm a Brass Band"  Verdon also traveled to Berlin to help Fosse with Cabaret, the musical film for which he won an Oscar for Best Director 
Although estranged as a couple, Verdon and Fosse continued to collaborate on projects such as the musical Chicago (1975) (in which she originated the role of murderess Roxie Hart) and the musical Dancin' (1978), as well as Fosse's autobiographical movie All That Jazz (1979)  The helpmate/peer played by Leland Palmer in that film is based on the role Verdon played in Fosse's real life   She also developed a close working relationship with Fosse's partner, Broadway dancer Ann Reinking, and was an instructor for Reinking's musical theatre classes 
After originating the role of Roxie opposite Chita Rivera's Velma Kelly in Chicago, Verdon focused on film acting, playing character roles in movies such as The Cotton Club (1984), Cocoon (1985) and Cocoon: The Return (1988)  She continued to teach dance and musical theater and to act  She received three Emmy Award nominations for appearances on Magnum, P I  (1988), Dream On (1993) and Homicide: Life on the Street (1993)  Verdon appeared as the title character's mother in the Woody Allen movie Alice (1990) and as Ruth in Marvin's Room (1996), co-starring Meryl Streep, Diane Keaton, and Leonardo DiCaprio  In 1999, Verdon served as artistic consultant on a Broadway musical designed to showcase examples of classic Fosse choreography   Called simply Fosse, the revue was conceived and directed by Richard Maltby Jr  and Ann Reinking and choreographed by Reinking and Chet Walker  Verdon's daughter Nicole received a "special thanks" credit  The show won a Tony Award for Best Musical 
In 1997 Verdon appeared in an episode of Walker Texas Ranger as Maisie Whitman  She reprised the role in 1999 
Verdon played Alora in the movie Walking Across Egypt (1999) and appeared in the film Bruno, released in 2000  Verdon received a total of four Tonys, for best featured actress for Can-Can (1953) and best leading actress for Damn Yankees (1955), New Girl in Town (1957) and Redhead (1959)  She also won a Grammy Award for the cast recording of Redhead Verdon was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1981  In 1998, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts 

Personal life
Verdon was married twice and had two children  She married tabloid reporter James Archibald Henaghan in 1942  They had a son, Jim, the following year and divorced in 1947  In 1960, Verdon married choreographer Bob Fosse  They had a daughter, Nicole, in 1963  Fosse's extramarital affairs put a strain on their marriage, and by 1971, Verdon and Fosse were separated, but never divorced  She was involved in relationships with actor Scott Brady and actor Jerry Lanning, son of Roberta Sherwood  Verdon was with Fosse when he suffered a fatal heart attack at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D C , in September 1987 Verdon was a cat fancier, having up to six cats at one time, with the pets carrying names such as "Feets Fosse", "Junie Moon", and "Tidbits Tumbler Fosse" Verdon was a mental health-care advocate; later in life, she openly spoke about the positive effects of mental-health counseling  Along with teaching dance as a form of therapy, she sat on the board of directors for the New York Postgraduate Center for Mental Health, and actively raised funds to support mental health-care research 

Popular culture
Fosse/Verdon is an 8-part American miniseries starring Sam Rockwell as Fosse and Michelle Williams as Verdon  The series, which tells the story of the couple's troubled personal and professional relationship, is based on the biography Fosse by Sam Wasson  It premiered in eight parts on April 9, 2019, on FX  At the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards, Fosse/Verdon received seventeen nominations, including Outstanding Limited Series and acting nominations for Rockwell, Williams, and Margaret Qualley (as Ann Reinking)  Williams won the Emmy for Outstanding Actress in a Limited Series 

Death and legacy
Verdon died from a heart attack on October 18, 2000, aged 75, at her daughter's home in Woodstock, Vermont  Later that night, at 8 pm, all marquee lights on Broadway were dimmed in a tribute to Verdon 

Work
Stage
Film
Television
Music
In 1956, Verdon released an album titled The Girl I Left Home For  The album includes her covers of popular jazz standards of the time 

Awards and nominations
† Tied with co-star Thelma Ritter
 
†† Tied with Ethel Merman for Gypsy

††† Shared with Bob Fosse
Passage 10:
Mansi Aggarwal
Mansi Aggarwal is an Indian filmmaker, writer, producer and choreographer who has written, directed, produced films and choreographed songs in Indian film industry  She is best known for choreographing the song, "Bharat Mata ki Jai", from the movie Shanghai that starred actor Emraan Hashmi - the song gained a lot of popularity and became a hit in India  She has worked with path breaking actors - Priyanka Chopra in Mary Kom, Rajkumar Rao in Kai Po Che, and with Abhay Deol in the movie Dev D She has been nominated for the Filmfare award for the song "Bharat Mata ki Jai" from Shanghai starring the actor Emraan Hashmi, the song was loved by the audience and became popular in India  The song "Suno na Sangmarmar" from the movie Youngistaan was also nominated for Stardust and Filmfare awards She also choreographed commercials for big brands like Nykaa, Biba, Zandu Balm, etc  She was published as the youngest choreographer in the eminent magazine Femina   In 2018, she made her debut as a writer-director with her first short film The Handbag, which was posted on ‘Humara Movie’ YouTube channel  She came with her second film Raani, which got selected for Lift Off Global Networks, London and was also screened at the Darbhanga International Film Festival  It was a finalist at the Golden Jury International Film Festival and won the Best Actor award at the same  Raani released on Disney Hotstar and is streaming on MX Player  The films The Handbag and Raani were produced under the banner Yin Yang Films 

Early life and career
Mansi was born on 10 June 1984 and raised in Delhi where she also took training in Indian classical dance, Kathak  Her Kathak training started when she was only 7 years old and she later became a Visharad (graduate) in the dance form  She studied Economics at Hansraj College in Delhi University and after finishing her graduation she opened her dance institute in Delhi—Mansi Dance Creations Her career in Bollywood movies started when she was first spotted by the film director, Anurag Kashyap, during a dance performance in Delhi  Anurag offered her to choreograph the critically acclaimed film, Gulaal  However, the movie got delayed and Mansi shifted her focus to academics until Anurag came to her for the second time with the proposal of choreographing Abhay Deol-starrer, Dev D Mansi is married to cinematographer Arindam Bhattacharjee 

Choreography in Indian Film Industry
Mansi has choreographed the following Bollywood movies:

Filmography as Director, Producer and Writer



ground_truth: George Balanchine