prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who directed the film where Susanne Pollatschek voiced Olivia Flaversham?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Chaste Susanne (film)
Chaste Susanne (German: Die keusche Susanne) is a 1926 German silent comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Lilian Harvey, Willy Fritsch and Ruth Weyher  It is based on the 1910 operetta Die keusche Susanne composed by Jean Gilbert with a libretto by Georg Okonkowski   In Britain it was released under the alternative title The Girl in the Taxi in reference to The Girl in the Taxi in the English version of the operetta  The film's art direction is by Jacek Rotmil  It was filmed at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin 
It marked the first pairing of Harvey and Fritsch who went on to become the leading screen couple in Weimar and early Nazi cinema  The film premiered at the UFA-Palast am Zoo and was a smash hit on its release 

Cast
Lilian Harvey as Jacqueline
Willy Fritsch as René Boislurette
Ruth Weyher as Susanne
Otto Wallburg as Charency
Hans Junkermann as Baron Aubrais
Lydia Potechina as Baronin Aubrais
Sascha Bragowa as Charencys Frau Rose
Werner Fuetterer as Hubert
Hans Wassmann as Dr  med  Pomarel
Ernst Hofmann as Henry, Renés Freund
Wilhelm Bendow
Albert Paulig
Passage 2:
The Night Manager (miniseries)
The Night Manager is a British television serial directed by Susanne Bier and starring Tom Hiddleston, Hugh Laurie, Olivia Colman, Tom Hollander, David Harewood and Elizabeth Debicki  It is based on the 1993 novel of the same title by John le Carré and adapted to the present day by David Farr  The six-part series began broadcasting on BBC One on 21 February 2016  In the United States, it began on 19 April 2016 on AMC  It has been sold internationally by IMG to over 180 countries The Night Manager was nominated for thirty-six awards and won eleven, including two Primetime Emmy Awards (for director Bier and music composer Victor Reyes) and three Golden Globe Awards (for Hiddleston, Colman, and Laurie) 

Premise
Jonathan Pine, night manager of a luxury hotel in Cairo and former British soldier, is recruited by Angela Burr, the manager of a Foreign Office task force investigating illegal arms sales, to infiltrate the inner circle of arms dealer Richard Roper 

Cast
Main
Tom Hiddleston as Jonathan Pine, a former military officer 
Hugh Laurie as Richard "Dicky" Onslow Roper, an arms dealer who is also the father of Danny Roper  Despite his charming personality and also his regular charity work, Roper is regarded as "the worst man in the world" due to his ruthless, amoral psychopathic nature 
Olivia Colman as Angela Burr, a woman who is the manager of a Foreign Office task force dedicated to bringing down arms dealer Richard Roper 
Tom Hollander as Major Lance "Corky" Corkoran, a man who works for Richard Roper 
Elizabeth Debicki as Jemima "Jed" Marshall, the girlfriend/mistress of Richard Roper 
Alistair Petrie as Alexander "Sandy" Langbourne, the Lord Langbourne and a man who assists Richard Roper in his arms dealing business 
Natasha Little as Caroline "Caro" Langbourne, the Lady Langbourne, Alexander "Sandy" Langbourne's wife 
Douglas Hodge as Rex Mayhew
David Harewood as Joel Steadman
Tobias Menzies as Geoffrey Dromgoole
Antonio de la Torre as Juan Apostol
Adeel Akhtar as Rob Singhal
Michael Nardone as Frisky, one of Richard Roper's henchmen 
Hovik Keuchkerian as Tabby, one of Richard Roper's henchmen 

Supporting
Noah Jupe as Danny Roper, a young boy who is the son of arms dealer Richard Roper 
David Avery as Freddie Hamid, a man responsible for killing Sophie "Samira" Alekan 
Amir El-Masry as Youssuf
Aure Atika as Sophie (Samira) Alekan
Nasser Memarzia as Omar Barghati
Russell Tovey as Simon Ogilvey
Neil Morrissey as Harry Palfrey
Katherine Kelly as Pamela, the Permanent Secretary
Bijan Daneshmand as Kouyami
Hannah Steele as Marilyn

Production
In January 2015 it was announced that the series would be co-produced by the BBC, AMC and The Ink Factory  Onsite services were provided by Palma Pictures 
Filming began on 19 March 2015 in Zermatt, Switzerland  Production then moved to London, UK  From 13 to 17 April 2015, location filming took place at Blackpool Mill Cottage, Hartland Abbey, and in and around Hartland, Devon   On 20 April 2015, production moved to Marrakesh, Morocco  The Es Saadi Resort was used as the  location for the fictional Nefertiti Hotel in Cairo  At the end of May, production moved to Majorca, Spain; principal photography wrapped in Majorca on 3 July 2015  Notable places include Port de Sóller, luxury property La Fortaleza in Port de Pollença and several locations in Palma The author John le Carré makes a cameo appearance as an insulted restaurant diner in episode four In February 2023, it was reported that the second series was in development with Hiddleston set to return 

Episodes
Broadcast
The first episode of The Night Manager was broadcast on 21 February 2016 on BBC One in the United Kingdom  AMC Spain broadcast the series on 24 February 2016 in Spain  TV3 in New Zealand broadcast the series on 28 February 2016  In the United States, the show premiered on 19 April 2016 on AMC  The serial aired in Australia on BBC First on 20 March 2016  The serial aired in Saudi Arabia on AMC starting on 6 June 2016  In Finland the serial premiered 22 June 2016 on MTV3  In Sweden the serial first aired on 22 August 2016 on TV4, split up into eight episodes not the original release of six episodes  In Germany the serial started airing on 29 August 2016 on ZDF  The series was broadcast on Raidió Teilifís Éireann in Ireland on 29 August 2016  On 24 February 2017, The Night Manager started to air in the Netherlands on public broadcaster NPO 1, being broadcast by AVROTROS  The series was broadcast by BBC Persian from 15 February 2018 in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan 

Critical reception
The series received widespread critical acclaim 
Adam Sisman, le Carré's biographer, wrote in the UK The Daily Telegraph, "It is more than 20 years since the novel was published, and in that time two film companies have tried and failed to adapt it, concluding that it was impossible to compress into two hours  But this six-hour television adaptation is long enough to give the novel its due " He added, "And though Hugh Laurie may seem a surprising choice to play 'the worst man in the world', he dominates the screen as a horribly convincing villain   Alert viewers may spot a familiar face in the background of one scene, in a restaurant: John le Carré himself makes a cameo, as he did in the films of A Most Wanted Man and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy  But he is on screen only for an instant: blink and you'll miss him "Reviewing the first episode for The Guardian, Archie Bland began by noting, "The Night Manager is as sexed up as television drama comes  In Tom Hiddleston and Hugh Laurie it has bona fide international stars; in John le Carré's source novel it has a pedigree of untouchable grandeur  The palette is as sumptuous as one of our hero Jonathan Pine's beautiful hotels"  He added, "It's Laurie's vulpine performance that gives The Night Manager its force once the smell of money has worn off  But we barely see him for the first 40 minutes – a delayed gratification trick that's always worked like magic on me, ever since we spent the whole first episode of The West Wing waiting impatiently to meet Josiah Bartlet " Turning to Hiddleston's performance, Bland wrote, "And as the embodiment of the show's atmosphere of paralysed establishment glamour, Hiddleston is the business  When the noble beast beneath that accommodating English exterior begins to make itself known, I find the righteous revenge he's intent on wreaking on Roper compelling "IGN reviewer Jesse Schedeen gave the serial 8 8 out of 10, saying, "The Night Manager proves that television is the ideal format to bring le Carré's novels to life  This miniseries is tightly paced, suspenseful and boasts strong performances from the likes of Hiddleston, Laurie, Colman and Hollander  With any luck, this series will open the doors for more of le Carré's classic spy tales to make their way to the small screen "The New Yorker reviewer Emily Nussbaum was unimpressed, calling the miniseries "elegant but ultimately empty", with "overwrought sequences of doomed love", "just an old recipe made with artisanal ingredients"  She praised the actors but found the characterisation of Roper "less Dr  No and more Mr  Magoo"  However, Brian Tallerico called it a "brilliant adaptation" on RogerEbert com, with praise for the performances of Hiddleston and Laurie, and for Susanne Bier's direction: "Bier brings a cinematic language to The Night Manager, and a deeper understanding of character than we often get in projects that hinge on espionage  She understands that it’s not about the twists and turns of the spy game but the impact it has on those who are playing it "

Accolades
Notes
Passage 3:
The Great Mouse Detective
The Great Mouse Detective (released as Basil the Great Mouse Detective in some countries and as The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective for its 1992 American re-release) is a 1986 American animated mystery adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures  The 26th Disney animated feature film, the film was directed by John Musker, Ron Clements, Dave Michener, and Burny Mattinson (in their feature directorial debuts)  The main characters are all mice and rats living in Victorian London 
Based on the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus and Paul Galdone, it draws heavily on the tradition of Sherlock Holmes with a heroic mouse who consciously emulates the detective  Titus named the main character after actor Basil Rathbone, who is best remembered for playing Holmes in film (and whose voice, sampled from a 1966 reading of "The Red-Headed League" was the voice of Holmes in this film, 19 years after his death)  Sherlock Holmes also mentions "Basil" as one of his aliases in the Arthur Conan Doyle story "The Adventure of Black Peter" 
The Great Mouse Detective was released to theaters on July 2, 1986, to positive reviews and financial success, in sharp contrast to the box office underperformance of Disney's previous animated feature film, The Black Cauldron (1985)  Indeed, the film's timely success has been credited with keeping Walt Disney Animation a going concern after the previous film's failure by renewing upper management's confidence in the department, thus setting the stage for the Disney Renaissance when feature animated films would become the corporation's most lucrative and prestigious product 

Plot
In London in June 1897, a young mouse named Olivia Flaversham is celebrating her birthday with her single  father, toymaker Mr  Flaversham  Suddenly, a bat with a crippled wing and a peg leg bursts into the toyshop, kidnapping Flaversham  Olivia leaves to find Basil of Baker Street, the famous Great Mouse Detective, but gets lost  David Q  Dawson, a retired army surgeon mouse newly returned from Afghanistan, meets Olivia and escorts her to Basil's residence  Being busy already, Basil initially dismisses them  Olivia then mentions the bat that abducted her father, and Basil realizes that Olivia saw Fidget, the assistant of Professor Ratigan, the criminal mastermind whom Basil was working to catch  It is then revealed that Ratigan kidnapped Flaversham to create a clockwork robot replica of the Queen of the Mice, so that Ratigan can usurp her place as "Supreme Ruler of all Mousedom"  Flaversham initially refuses to participate in the scheme, but capitulates when Ratigan threatens to harm Olivia 
Meanwhile, Fidget appears in Basil's window, then suddenly disappears  Basil, Dawson and Olivia take Toby, Sherlock Holmes' pet Basset Hound, to trail Fidget's scent  They trace Fidget to a human-sized toyshop; while searching the area, Dawson finds Fidget's checklist, and Basil discovers Fidget has been stealing clockwork mechanisms and toy soldiers' uniforms  
Fidget ambushes and kidnaps Olivia before Basil and Dawson can stop him  Basil does some chemical tests to the checklist, discovering it came from the "Rat Trap", a tavern near the junction of the sewer and the Thames  Basil and Dawson disguise themselves as sailors and head to the tavern; they spot Fidget there, and follow him to Ratigan's headquarters, only to be ambushed by Ratigan and his henchmen  Ratigan has the pair tied to a spring-loaded mousetrap connected to a Rube Goldberg machine of various killing devices  Ratigan then sets out for Buckingham Palace, where his henchmen hijack the royal guards' roles and kidnap the Mouse Queen  Inspired by a remark Dawson made, Basil deduces the trap's weakness, freeing himself, Dawson and Olivia 
At Buckingham Palace, Ratigan forces Flaversham to operate the toy Queen, while the real one is taken to be fed to Felicia, Ratigan's pet cat  The toy Queen declares Ratigan the ruler of all Mousedom, and he announces his dictatorial plans for his new "subjects"  After Basil, Dawson, and Olivia save Flaversham and the real Queen, they restrain Fidget and Ratigan's other henchmen, while Toby chases Felicia until she jumps over a wall, inadvertently into a pack of Royal Guard Dogs  Basil seizes control of the mechanical queen, making it denounce Ratigan as a fraud while breaking it into pieces  Realizing Ratigan's treason, the enraged crowd attacks, but Ratigan escapes on his dirigible with Fidget, holding Olivia hostage  Basil, Dawson, and Flaversham create an airship from a matchbox, balloons, and a Union Jack, and set off in pursuit  Ratigan tosses Fidget overboard to lighten the load; however, Basil jumps onto the dirigible to confront Ratigan, causing it to crash straight into Big Ben's clockface  Inside the clocktower, Basil restrains Ratigan, rescues Olivia, and safely delivers her to Flaversham  Ratigan breaks free and attacks Basil; however, when the clock strikes 10:00, the vibrations cause Ratigan to fall to his death  He attempts to take Basil with him, but Basil grabs a part of Ratigan's dirigible and saves himself  
Back at Baker Street, the group recounts their adventures  The Flavershams depart for home, and Dawson reluctantly resolves to leave as well  A new client arrives, and Basil introduces Dawson to her as his friend and investigative partner, prompting Dawson to remain and assist in Basil's future cases 

Voice cast
Barrie Ingham as Basil, a brilliant mouse detective 
Ingham also voices Bartholomew, a drunken lackey of Ratigan's 
Vincent Price as Professor Ratigan, Basil's long-established arch-enemy 
Val Bettin as Major Dr  David Q  Dawson, previously of the Queen's 66th Regiment in Afghanistan  He eventually becomes Basil's associate, friend, and personal biographer  Dawson also serves as the film's narrator 
Bettin also voices one of Ratigan's thugs 
Susanne Pollatschek as Olivia Flaversham, a young Scottish mouse who seeks Basil's help in finding her father 
Candy Candido as Fidget, Ratigan's bumbling bat right-hand henchman who has a crippled wing and a peg leg  As a result of his crippled wing, he cannot fly 
Candido also voices a reprobate in the pub 
Alan Young as Mr  Flaversham, Olivia's affectionate Scottish father who owns a toy shop 
Diana Chesney as Mrs  Judson, Basil's housekeeper who is often exasperated by his antics 
Eve Brenner as Queen Mousetoria, the mouse Queen of the United Kingdom, whom Ratigan attempts to depose 
Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes, the famous human detective who lives above Basil  His voice is taken from the 1966 Caedmon Records recording of the Sherlock Holmes story "The Red-Headed League" 
Laurie Main as Dr  Watson, the medical associate/partner of Sherlock Holmes, who also lives above Basil  Unlike Rathbone, voice samples of Nigel Bruce were not used for the voice of Watson as he had died in 1953 
Wayne Allwine, Tony Anselmo, and Walker Edmiston as Ratigan's Thugs 
Melissa Manchester as Miss Kitty Mouse, who sings "Let Me Be Good To You" 

Production
The idea of doing an animated film about Sherlock Holmes with animals was first discussed during the production of The Rescuers  Veteran layout artist Joe Hale is credited with suggesting to adapt the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus, but the project fell into development limbo because of the similarities to The Rescuers  In 1982, Ron Clements proposed adapting the children's book series into an animated feature and, along with story artist Pete Young, it was pitched to Disney President Ron Miller who approved the project  Earlier in his career, Clements created a 15-minute Sherlock Holmes animated short recorded on Super 8 film  Because the animators were displeased with the direction The Black Cauldron was heading, Basil of Baker Street was approved as an alternative project Burny Mattinson and John Musker were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was also added as co-director  Miller became the producer for the film  The first idea for the victim was for Olivia—then an older and potential love interest whom Dawson falls for, but Miller suggested the character be "a little girl, someone they [the audience] can feel sorry for " One of the dropped characters was a stool pigeon who always hung around Buckingham Palace and tipped Basil off about the skullduggery  The writers dropped the characters deciding for Basil to figure it out for himself With the departure of Miller in 1984, the board of directors appointed Michael Eisner, who had resigned from Paramount Pictures, to become the new CEO  Eisner recruited former production head Jeffrey Katzenberg to become studio chairman over Disney's film division  Following a story reel screening of Basil, Eisner and Katzenberg complained about the slow pacing of the story and ordered for rewrites before animation would commence  Although the intended release was set for Christmas 1987, Michael Eisner slashed the projected production budget at $24 million in half where it was green-lit at $10 million and moved the release date up to July 1986 giving the production team one year to complete the film  To replace Miller who had been producer, Feature Animation chairman Roy E  Disney assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer, but finding both tasks much too laborious, Mattinson decided to remain as producer  Musker and Michener remained as directors, but with the shortened production schedule, Clements became an additional director Following the box office under-performance of the 1985 Paramount/Amblin film Young Sherlock Holmes, Eisner decided to rename Basil of Baker Street into The Great Mouse Detective feeling the name "Basil" was "too English"  The re-titling of the film proved to be unpopular with the filmmakers so much that animator Ed Gombert wrote a satirical interoffice memo, allegedly by studio executive Peter Schneider, which gave preceding Disney films generic titles such as Seven Little Men Help a Girl, The Wonderful Elephant Who Could Really Fly, The Little Deer Who Grew Up, The Girl with the See-through Shoes, Two Dogs Fall in Love, Puppies Taken Away, and A Boy, a Bear and a Big Black Cat  These generic titles would later become a category on Jeopardy! 

Casting
Following a succession of American and British actors who read for the part of Basil, Royal Shakespeare actor Barrie Ingham won the role within six minutes of his audition  Val Bettin was co-director Ron Clements's first choice for Dawson  For Olivia, Susanne Pollatschek was selected over hundreds of other applicants while Alan Young, who had voiced Scrooge McDuck for Mickey's Christmas Carol, was selected to voice her father Hiriam because of his authentic Scottish brogue When the filmmakers watched the 1950 comedy film Champagne for Caesar to study Ronald Colman's performance as a possible model for Basil, they immediately decided to cast Vincent Price, who also starred in the film, as Ratigan  A veteran actor for fifty-two years, Price was willing to do an audition commenting "If anybody but Disney had asked me, I would have been offended " Following a voice test, veteran voice artist Candy Candido recorded his dialogue for Fidget in one hour  To heighten the pitch, the tape recording of his voice was sped up  Candido's natural voice was kept for one character shouting "Get off, you eight-legged bum "

Animation
Basil was first modeled on Bing Crosby, but the animators eventually took inspiration from Leslie Howard  Initially, Ratigan had been designed as thin, weasely, and ratlike  Following the screening of Champagne for Caesar, Glen Keane noted that following the casting of Price, "his expressive voice and attitude inspired us to further redesign the character " Additionally, during one story meeting, Glen Keane decided to base the stature of Ratigan on then-Disney CEO Ron Miller, who was a 6'6" former football player for the Los Angeles Rams  Furthermore, Keane lifted his personality as he was thumbing through these "photographs of people of London in the 1800s, of railroad men, and there was this one guy smoking a cigar—he had a top hat and there was just something about this guy—this Ratigan     this rat sucking the cigar, completely dressed to the hilt, he was sharp and perfect—he's a sewer rat dressed like a king and he lives as a king!" The following supervising animators included Mark Henn for Basil, Hendel Butoy for Dawson, Rob Minkoff for Olivia, Andreas Deja for Queen Moustoria, Ruben Aquino for Mrs  Judson, and Mike Gabriel for Toby and Felicia The original finale was to take place on the hands of Big Ben with Ratigan eventually falling to his demise  However, layout artist Mike Peraza approached Musker with the idea of restaging the final confrontation so the characters would break through the face of Big Ben with the grinding clockwork gears providing added menace, in which Musker agreed  Peraza's inspiration for the scene was a Japanese anime film, The Castle of Cagliostro (1979), the feature film debut of animator Hayao Miyazaki which is part of the Lupin III franchise; The Castle of Cagliostro, which Peraza was a fan of, featured a climactic scene involving characters amidst giant turning gears in a clock tower  Pereza and his team was sent to London for video reference and were granted unprecedented access to the clockworks inside Big Ben  Because the bells would chime at every quarter-hour, the team completed their research in one hour Back at the Feature Animation building, animators Phil Nibbelink and Tad Gielow spent months designing the interior of Big Ben, with each gear produced as wire-frame graphics on a computer that was printed out and traced onto animation cels onto which the colors and characters were added  The two-minute climax scene thus used computer-generated imagery (CGI), making it the first Disney film to extensively use computer animation, a fact that Disney used to promote the film during marketing The film was the last work to feature Eric Larson as an animation consultant before his retirement  Larson was the last of Disney's Nine Old Men, the group that had defined much of Disney's theatrical direction since the 1930s  The character of Dr  Dawson was modeled on Larson as a tribute 

Music
Unusually for a Disney animated feature, there was no soundtrack album released alongside the film; it was released in 1992 alongside the film's reissue under its new title by Varèse Sarabande, the only Disney cartoon to have an original soundtrack on the label to date (and the only one not to be issued under a Walt Disney imprint)  The album marked the debut of Henry Mancini for score composition of an animated feature aside from the animated opening for The Pink Panther Initially, Mancini composed a song titled "Are You the One Who Loves Me?" to serve as a parody of a Victorian British music hall  Already in rough animation, the song was recorded by Shani Wallis  However, Katzenberg and the new management desired a more contemporary song as they would help make the film more marketable  Michael Jackson was considered by Eisner to voice a character who would enter the saloon, confront Basil, and sing a song at the tavern, but the suggestion was met with uncomfortable silence for which Eisner withdrew the idea; Eisner later proposed for Madonna to perform the song  Eventually, Melissa Manchester was brought in; she wrote and performed "Let Me Be Good to You", by which the rough animation had to be re-timed and often re-animated to properly sync with the song  Mancini also co-wrote two of the film's three original songs, "The World's Greatest Criminal Mind" and "Goodbye So Soon" (both performed by Vincent Price) 

Songs
Original songs performed in the film include:

Release
During the film's initial theatrical release, the film was accompanied with the short, Clock Cleaners 

Home media
Following the theatrical re-release in February 1992, the film was released on VHS and Laserdisc in July 1992 as part of the Walt Disney Classics series  It was placed into moratorium on April 30, 1993  It was released again on VHS on August 3, 1999 (with a game sheet inside it as part of a contest) and on DVD in 2002 with a short making-of featurette  In the United Kingdom, it was first released on VHS in 1992 followed by re-releases in 1993 and 1995 
A "Mystery in the Mist Edition" of The Great Mouse Detective was released on DVD on April 13, 2010, and on Blu-ray Disc on October 9, 2012  Unlike previous home media releases, which all used the 1992 reissue title print (The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective), this DVD restored the original 1986 title card, which had previously not been seen since the original 1986 release  The DVD also has the film in its 1 78:1 widescreen aspect ratio, which brings it closer to its original theatrical aspect ratio  The Blu-ray edition is region-free and thus can be played in any region of the world  The Blu-ray was finally released in the UK on November 9, 2015, and released in France on Blu-ray on October 20, 2015 

Reception
Critical reaction
On their syndicated television show, At the Movies, the film received a "two thumbs up" rating from critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert  In his print review for The Chicago Tribune, Siskel enthusiastically praised the film as the most "truly memorable animated feature in 25 years" that "travels a wide emotional range, taking us from cuddly to scary, from recognition to wonder " Likewise, in his print review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Ebert gave the film three stars out of four in which he praised the film's animation and compared the film to that of Disney's golden age  He summarized that "the result is a movie like The Great Mouse Detective, which looks more fully animated than anything in some 30 years "London's Time Out magazine wrote, "As usual with film noir [   ] it is the villain who steals the heart and one is rooting for in the breathtaking showdown high up in the cogs and ratchets of Big Ben " Nina Darnton of The New York Times applauded that "[t]he heroes are appealing, the villains have that special Disney flair – humorous blackguards who really enjoy being evil – and the script is witty and not overly sentimental " Johanna Steinmetz, also from The Chicago Tribune, graded the film three-and-a-half stars (out of four) writing "This movie is cute, cute, cute, but it's a higher grade of cute than The Rescuers (1977) and The Fox and the Hound (1981)  The key to good Disney animation is character and facial expression, and Detective abounds in both " Alex Stewart reviewed The Great Mouse Detective for White Dwarf #83, and stated that "After their dismal fudge of The Black Cauldron, it's good to see the Disney studios taking a step, however cautious, towards the world of animation as it is today  The style is looser and more vigorous, and, in a climactic fight inside Big Ben, effectively amalgamates computer-drawn clockwork with hand-drawn characters "The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received an 80% approval rating with an average rating of 7 1/10 based on 25 reviews  The website's consensus states that "The Great Mouse Detective may not rank with Disney's classics, but it's an amiable, entertaining picture with some stylishly dark visuals " Metacritic gave the film a score of 73 based on 13 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Animation critic Charles Solomon listed this as one of the best animated films of the 1980s while singling out Keane's key work on Ratigan 

Box-office
The film grossed around $50 million worldwide against a budget of over $14 million during its initial release  Its inexpensive success after its predecessor's under-performance gave the new management of Disney confidence in the viability of their animation department, though it was surpassed at the box office by An American Tail  Re-titled as The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective, the film was re-released theatrically on February 14, 1992, where it grossed $13,288,756  The Great Mouse Detective has had a lifetime North American gross of $38 7 million across its original release and reissue 

Legacy
Basil and Professor Ratigan were characters to meet-and-greet at the Disney Parks, until both were retired after 2004 
In the television series Darkwing Duck, a little statue of Basil opened the secret passage to Darkwing's hidden base  Some of the characters from the film have recurring cameo appearances in the television series House of Mouse 
Professor Ratigan is one of the villains with a main focus in the anthology film Once Upon a Halloween  He is also one of the villains present in the board game Disney Villainous Basil of Baker Street appears as a playable character in the video game Disney Heroes: Battle Mode Additionally, in honor of Mickey Mouse's 75th anniversary, was planned a film under the title The Search for Mickey Mouse in which Mickey gets kidnapped by unknown forces, forcing Minnie Mouse to enlist Basil of Baker Street to investigate his disappearance  However, the project was cancelled after it suffered script problems 
Passage 4:
The One and Only (1999 film)
The One and Only (Danish: Den Eneste Ene) is a 1999 Danish romantic comedy film directed by Susanne Bier  The film starred Sidse Babett Knudsen, Niels Olsen, Rafael Edholm, and Paprika Steen in story about two unfaithful married couples faced with becoming first-time parents  The film was considered to mark a modern transition in Danish romantic comedies, and became the third biggest box-office success of the 1990s in Denmark  The film earned both the Robert Award and Bodil Award as the Best Film of 1999 

Cast
Sidse Babett Knudsen as Sus
Niels Olsen as Niller
Paprika Steen as Stella
Søs Egelind as Lizzie
Sofie Gråbøl as Mulle
Lars Kaalund as Knud
Rafael Edholm as Andrea aka Sonny
Hella Joof as the adoption lady
Liv Corfixen as beauty clinic customer
Charlotte Munck as beauty clinic customer
Klaus Bondam as Priest
Lars Kjeldgaard as one of the couples with new kitchen
Jacob Thuesen as one of the couples with new kitchen
Vanessa Gouri as Mgala
Jan Hertz as the Doctor
Berrit Kvorning Beauty clinic chief

Box office
The film was the most successful Danish film for 15 years with admissions of 820,000 and a gross of 38 5 million Krone ($5 5 million) in Denmark 
Passage 5:
Brothers (2009 film)
Brothers is a 2009 American psychological drama war film directed by Jim Sheridan and written by David Benioff  A remake of the 2004 Danish film, it follows Captain Sam Cahill (portrayed by Tobey Maguire), a presumed-dead prisoner of the War in Afghanistan who deals with extreme PTSD while reintegrating into society following his release from captivity  The film also stars Jake Gyllenhaal as Cahill's brother and Natalie Portman as his wife  Both films take inspiration from Homer's epic poem the Odyssey The film received a mixed response and grossed $43 million  Maguire, however, received particular praise for his performance, receiving a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama 

Plot
United States Marine Corps officer Sam Cahill is about to be sent to war in Afghanistan  He is married to his high school friend Grace, and together, they have two young daughters, Isabelle and Maggie  Sam's older brother, Tommy, is a criminal who is just released from prison on parole a few days before Sam's departure  At a family dinner with Tommy and Sam's parents, Hank and Elsie, Maggie reveals to Tommy that Grace dislikes him, and Hank insults Tommy for his lack of success compared to Sam 
During Sam's tour, his helicopter is shot down in and he and Private Joe Willis are the sole survivors  They are taken prisoner by the Taliban, but are declared killed in action by the government  At Sam's funeral in absentia, Hank attempts to drive Elsie and the girls home while drunk, but Tommy intercepts him  Hank once again berates Tommy and he accuses Hank for influencing Sam to join the Marines because of his own Vietnam War service 
Tommy attempts to redeem himself and completes a kitchen remodel for Grace  Hank and Tommy also mend their relationship, and Grace bonds with Tommy, aided by his growing paternal connection with Isabelle and Maggie  Grace and Tommy share a fireside kiss, but do not take their attraction any further  However, Tommy continues to remain close with the family and his nieces grow attached to him  Meanwhile, Sam and Joe are tortured by their captors and Sam is eventually forced to brutally beat Joe to death 
Sometime later, Sam is rescued and returns home, where he struggles to readjust, showing signs of severe post-traumatic stress disorder; his daughters grow fearful and resentful toward him  Sam also lies to Joe's widow about her husband's death  His paranoia also causes him to believe Grace and Tommy fell in love while he went away, causing him to remain aloof  When Grace questions Sam about what happened in Afghanistan, Sam demands to know what happened between her and Tommy  Grace tells Sam that she and Tommy kissed while he was gone, but Sam has trouble believing that is all what happened  When Grace questions Sam again, Sam does not respond and storms off 
During Maggie's birthday party, Isabelle is rude to her sister and jealously complains that Maggie got what she wanted for her birthday, while Isabelle did not  Isabelle chastises Sam for being in Afghanistan during her birthday, but being able to attend Maggie's  Isabelle then begins to play with a balloon loudly, and, despite objections from Sam and Grace, triggers Sam's PTSD, causing him to lose his temper and burst the balloon out of fury in front of the family  Already scared and resentful of Sam's erratic behavior and violent mood swings, a hurt Isabelle falsely claims that Tommy and Grace are having an affair and angrily tells Sam that she wishes he had actually died 
Returning home, Sam, believing his daughter's story, throws a temper tantrum and proceeds to destroy the kitchen out of rage with a crowbar in front of Grace  He suddenly calms down when Tommy shows up and attempts to bring Sam into an embrace, trying to calm his brother's violent breakdown, while Grace isolates her daughters from their father  However, Sam immediately becomes defensive when he realizes that Tommy has already called the police  DOD Police arrive and confront Sam, leading into a standoff  He fires a pistol into the air and demands that the policemen kill him before holding the gun to his own head, contemplating suicide, but reluctantly changes his mind and surrenders after several protests from Tommy and a tearful Grace 
Sam is arrested and admitted to a Veterans' Affairs hospital  Grace visits, giving him an ultimatum that if he does not tell her the truth, Sam will lose her forever  Sam finally confesses that he killed Joe and they embrace, wondering if he will ever be able to live a normal life again 

Cast
Tobey Maguire as Capt  Sam Cahill
Jake Gyllenhaal as Tommy Cahill
Natalie Portman as Grace Cahill
Sam Shepard as Hank Cahill
Mare Winningham as Elsie Cahill
Bailee Madison as Isabelle Cahill
Taylor Geare as Maggie Cahill
Patrick Flueger as Pvt  Joe Willis
Carey Mulligan as Cassie Willis
Clifton Collins Jr  as Maj  Cavazos
Jenny Wade as Tina
Omid Abtahi as Yusuf
Navid Negahban as Murad
Enayat Delawary as Ahmed
Ethan Suplee as Sweeney
Arron Shiver as A  J 
Ray Prewitt as Owen

Reception
Box office
On its opening weekend, the film opened #3 with $9,527,848 behind New Moon and The Blind Side  Since its box office debut the film has grossed $43,318,349 worldwide 

Critical response
Brothers received mixed reviews from film critics  On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 64% based on 159 reviews, with an average score of 6 2/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "It plays more like a traditional melodrama than the Susanne Bier film that inspired it, but Jim Sheridan's Brothers benefits from rock-solid performances by its three leads " On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 31 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews" Tobey Maguire received critical acclaim for his dramatic performance; Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars and wrote that Brothers is "Tobey Maguire's film to dominate, and I've never seen these dark depths in him before " Claudia Puig of USA Today observed the resemblance between Maguire and Gyllenhaal, and praised their onscreen chemistry  Regarding Portman's performance, Puig opined that it was "subdued and reactive"  Writing for New York magazine, David Edelstein praised the three main actors: "Sheridan's actors work with their intellects fully engaged—and they engage us on levels we barely knew we had " He also complimented the cinematography and Sheridan's ability to pull the reader into the plot  Entertainment Weekly's Owen Gleiberman gave the film a rating of C+, writing, "Brothers isn't badly acted, but as directed by the increasingly impersonal Jim Sheridan, it’s lumbering and heavy-handed, a film that piles on overwrought dramatic twists until it begins to creak under the weight of its presumed significance "

Accolades
Of his Golden Globe Award nomination, Tobey Maguire said "I had no expectation about getting a nomination, but I was watching nonetheless  My wife and my son got really excited  I was sort of surprised — I was like, 'Oh, wow ' And I couldn't hear the latter part of my name " The Edge of U2 described how the band planned to celebrate their nomination  "I think we might have a pint of Guinness and eat a potato in honor of (director) Jim (Sheridan) and his great piece of work "

Home media
Brothers was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 23, 2010 

Opera adaptation
Brothers – The Opera is an opera based on the original 2004 Danish version of the film by Icelandic composer Daníel Bjarnason; it was premiered at the Musikhuset Aarhus on 16 August 2017  It was commissioned by Den Jyske Opera  Kerstin Perski wrote the libretto and the director was Kasper Holten  To celebrate Aarhus as the European Capital of Culture 2017, three stage works – a musical, dance, and an opera all based on films by Susanne Bier – were commissioned and performed in Musikhuset 
Passage 6:
A Boy and His Dog (1975 film)
A Boy and His Dog is a 1975 American black comedy science fiction film directed by actor L Q  Jones, from a screenplay by Jones based on the 1969 novella of the same title by fantasy author Harlan Ellison  The film stars Don Johnson, Susanne Benton, Alvy Moore, and Jason Robards  It was independently produced and distributed by Jones' company LQ/Jaf Productions 
The film's storyline concerns a teenage boy, Vic, and his telepathic dog, Blood, who work together as a team in order to survive in the dangerous post-apocalyptic wasteland of the Southwestern United States 
Shout! Factory released the film on DVD and Blu-ray in August 2013 

Plot
In the post-nuclear war America of 2024, Vic (Don Johnson) is an 18-year-old boy, born in and scavenging throughout the wasteland of the former southwestern United States  Vic is most concerned with food and sex; having lost his parents, he has no formal education and does not understand ethics or morality  He is accompanied by a well-read, misanthropic, telepathic dog named Blood, who helps him find women to rape, in exchange for which Vic finds food for the dog  Blood cannot forage for himself due to the same genetic engineering that granted him telepathy  The two steal for a living, evading bands of raiders, berserk military androids, and mutants  Blood and Vic have an occasionally antagonistic relationship (Blood frequently annoys Vic by calling him "Albert" for reasons never made clear), though they realize that they need each other to survive  Blood wishes to find the legendary promised land of "Over the Hill" where above-ground utopias are said to exist, though Vic believes that they must make the best of what they have 
Searching a bunker for a woman for Vic to rape, they find one, but she has already been severely mutilated and is on the verge of death  Vic displays no pity  He is merely angered by the "wastefulness" of such an act, as well as disgusted by the thought of satisfying his urges with a woman in such a condition  They move on, only to find slavers excavating another bunker  Vic steals several cans of their food, later using them to barter for goods in a nearby shanty town 
That evening, while watching old vintage stag films at a local outdoor "cinema", Blood claims to smell a woman, and the pair track her to a large underground warehouse  There, Vic attempts to rape Quilla June Holmes (Susanne Benton), a scheming and seductive teenage girl from Downunder, a society in a large underground settlement  Unknown to the pair, Quilla June's father, Lou Craddock (Jason Robards), had sent her above ground to "recruit" surface dwellers  Blood takes an instant dislike to her, but Vic ignores him  After Vic saves Quilla June from raiders and mutants, they have repeated sex  Eventually, she secretly returns to her underground society  Enticed by the thought of more women and sex, Vic follows her, despite Blood's warnings  Blood remains on the surface at Downunder's portal 
Downunder has an artificial biosphere, complete with forests and a city, which is named Topeka after the ruins of the destroyed city that it lies beneath  The city is ruled by a triumvirate known as the Committee, who have shaped Topeka into a bizarre caricature of pre-nuclear war America, with all residents wearing whiteface and clothes evocative of rural United States prior to World War II  When Vic is told that he has been brought to Topeka to help fertilize the female population, he is elated to learn of his "stud" value  His joy is short-lived, when he is informed that Topeka meets its need for exogamous reproduction by electroejaculation and artificial insemination, which will deny him the sexual pleasure that he had envisioned  People who refuse to comply with the Committee are sent off to "the farm" and never seen again, as they are violently killed  Vic is informed that when his semen has been used to impregnate 35 women, he will also be sent to "the farm" 
Quilla June helps Vic escape only because she wants him to kill the Committee members and destroy their android enforcer, Michael (Hal Baylor), so that she can usurp their power  Vic has no interest in politics or remaining underground  He only wants to return to Blood and the wasteland  The rebellion is quashed by Michael, who crushes the heads of Quilla June's co-conspirators before Vic disables him  She proclaims her "love" for Vic and wants to escape to the surface with him—now that her rebellion has been quashed, and the Committee has decreed that she will be sent to the farm 
On the surface, Vic and Quilla June discover that Blood is starving and near death  She pleads with Vic to abandon Blood, forcing him to face his true feelings  Vic decides that his loyalties lie with his dog  Off-camera, Vic murders Quilla June and cooks her flesh so that Blood can eat and survive  Blood thanks Vic for the food, and they both comment on Quilla June  Vic says that it was her fault that she followed him, while Blood wryly jokes that she had marvelous judgment but did not have particularly good "taste"  The boy and his dog continue to talk as they walk off together into the wasteland 

Cast
Don Johnson as Vic
Tim McIntire as "Blood" (voice)
Susanne Benton as Quilla June Holmes
Jason Robards as Lou Craddock
Alvy Moore as Dr  Moore
Helene Winston as "Mez" Smith
Charles McGraw as Preacher
Hal Baylor as Michael
Ron Feinberg as Fellini
Michael Rupert as Gery
Don Carter as Ken
Michael Hershman as Richard
L Q  Jones as Actor In Porno Film

Production
Harlan Ellison wrote the original novella A Boy and His Dog and began an adaptation for film  However, after encountering writer's block, actor/director L Q  Jones came onboard to write the script  Jones' own company, LQ/Jaf Productions (L Q  Jones & Friends), independently produced the film  Distributors initially were reluctant to finance the production, so Jones raised $400,000 through family and business associates  The film was shot at Pacific Ocean Park in Venice, California, and on location around Barstow, California and Coyote Dry Lake in the Mojave Desert 
In an interview, Harlan Ellison said: "When he [Blood] calls Vic 'Al' or 'Albert', he is referring to the Albert Payson Terhune dog stories, whereas a traditional boy and his dog relationship is turned upside down in this movie "
James Cagney's voice was considered as the voice of Blood, but was dropped because it would have been too recognizable and prove to be a distraction  Eventually, after going through approximately 600 auditions, they settled on Tim McIntire, a veteran voice actor who also did most of the music for the film  Ray Manzarek (misspelled in the film credits as "Manzarec"), formerly of The Doors, was also among those credited for the score 
McIntire sang the main theme  Bolivian composer Jaime Mendoza-Nava provided the music for the Topeka underground segment 

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 78% approval rating based on 36 reviews, with an average rating of 6 6/10  The site's consensus states: "An offbeat, eccentric black comedy, A Boy and His Dog features strong dialogue and an oddball vision of the future"  On Metacritic the film has a score of 68% based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2 5 stars out of a possible 4, writing that Ellison's novella "seemed almost to defy filming" but nonetheless Jones managed to offer "a sort of wacky success"  Richard Eder of The New York Times wrote that the realistic world set up in the beginning and the underground community introduced later "don't really work together; their contrast, and a ridiculous ending, shatter the picture  And the talking dog chews up the pieces"  Variety called the film "a turkey" and "an amateurish blend of redneck humor, chaotic fight scenes, and dimwitted philosophizing"  Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 1 5 stars out of 4 and wrote: "Rather than illuminate the present through a glance at a possible future, 'A Boy and His Dog' is simply a dim-witted collection of tired sex gags and anti-American imagery"  Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times praised the film as "an offbeat delight" with performances that "have that comfortable naturalness often detectable when an actor is directing other actors"  Gary Arnold of The Washington Post panned the film as a "shoddy, puerile science-fiction parable" that "mistakes juvenile facetiousness for wit and glorifies a juvenile concept of freedom, which means making it in the wild, away from such unmanly encumbrances as civilization and girls" The film was not commercially successful at its release  It has since become a cult film and also inspired the video game series Fallout "on many levels, from underground communities of survivors to glowing mutants", according to Jesse Heining, a developer of the game  On the film's DVD audio commentary, Jones states that Ellison was generally pleased with the film, with the exception of some lines of dialogue  Ellison particularly objected to the film's final line, which did not originate from his original short story, in which Blood said of Quilla, "Well, I'd say she certainly had marvelous judgement, Albert, if not particularly good taste"  Ellison referred to it as a "moronic, hateful chauvinist last line, which I despise" The 1975 science fiction film directed by L Q  Jones was controversial for alleged misogyny; the script included lines that were not in Ellison's original stories and that authors such as Joanna Russ, in her essay "A Boy and his Dog: The final solution," found to be objectionable  Ellison did, however, accept that the ending remained popular with fans, saying: "I would have kept the original last line from the original story, which I think is much more human and beguiling than the sort of punchline that L Q  Jones used  But L Q  knew what he was doing in terms of the market, I suppose " On the other hand, Harlan also loved the movie (as stated in an interview conversation with L Q  Jones on the Shout Factory Blu Ray); after Jones screened it to him, he said it was exactly what the story was supposed to be on screen  It was a few days after he brought up his problems, mostly concerning the way Blood talked about the girl during the locker room scene when they first meet 

Accolades
The film won the 1976 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation at MidAmeriCon, the 34th World Science Fiction Convention in Kansas City, Missouri, located not far from the real Topeka, Kansas  Johnson won the Golden Scroll for Best Actor, which was shared with James Caan for his performance in Rollerball  In 2007, it ranked #96 on Rotten Tomatoes' "Journey Through Sci-Fi" (100 best-reviewed science fiction films) 

Legacy
According to L Q  Jones, George Miller cited the 1975 film adaptation of A Boy and His Dog as an influence on the Mad Max films, particularly The Road Warrior (1981) 

Sequel
There were rumors regarding a sequel, but it never materialized  On the film's DVD audio commentary, L Q  Jones states that he had started to write a script sequel to the film that would have picked up where the first film ended and featured a female warrior named Spike, and we would have seen this world through the eyes of a female instead of a male (this happens in Ellison's story, Blood's a Rover, when Blood partners with Spike after the ostensible death of Vic)  Jones and Ellison reportedly collaborated on this short-lived effort, although Ellison said that such 'collaboration' never went beyond a short "what if?" conversation, and that any efforts were solely that of Jones 
According to Cult Movies 2, Jones had a sequel planned called A Girl and Her Dog, but the plan was scrapped when Tiger, the dog who portrayed Blood, died  In a December 2003 interview, Jones claimed that he had been repeatedly approached to make a sequel, but funding was always an issue  In 2018, Ellison's teleplay featuring Spike — the girl in the proposed A Girl and Her Dog film — was finally published  Blood's a Rover by Harlan Ellison (Subterranean Press 2018), a "fix-up" novel, consisting of "Eggsucker" and "Run Spot, Run", two short stories from the 1970s and 1980s, as well as "A Boy and His Dog" (Ellison's novella) and an unproduced teleplay from the 1970s, "Blood's a Rover", was published in a limited number of hardcovers 

See also
List of American films of 1975
Passage 7:
Susanne Pollatschek
The Great Mouse Detective (released as Basil the Great Mouse Detective in some countries and as The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective for its 1992 American re-release) is a 1986 American animated mystery adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures  The 26th Disney animated feature film, the film was directed by John Musker, Ron Clements, Dave Michener, and Burny Mattinson (in their feature directorial debuts)  The main characters are all mice and rats living in Victorian London 
Based on the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus and Paul Galdone, it draws heavily on the tradition of Sherlock Holmes with a heroic mouse who consciously emulates the detective  Titus named the main character after actor Basil Rathbone, who is best remembered for playing Holmes in film (and whose voice, sampled from a 1966 reading of "The Red-Headed League" was the voice of Holmes in this film, 19 years after his death)  Sherlock Holmes also mentions "Basil" as one of his aliases in the Arthur Conan Doyle story "The Adventure of Black Peter" 
The Great Mouse Detective was released to theaters on July 2, 1986, to positive reviews and financial success, in sharp contrast to the box office underperformance of Disney's previous animated feature film, The Black Cauldron (1985)  Indeed, the film's timely success has been credited with keeping Walt Disney Animation a going concern after the previous film's failure by renewing upper management's confidence in the department, thus setting the stage for the Disney Renaissance when feature animated films would become the corporation's most lucrative and prestigious product 

Plot
In London in June 1897, a young mouse named Olivia Flaversham is celebrating her birthday with her single  father, toymaker Mr  Flaversham  Suddenly, a bat with a crippled wing and a peg leg bursts into the toyshop, kidnapping Flaversham  Olivia leaves to find Basil of Baker Street, the famous Great Mouse Detective, but gets lost  David Q  Dawson, a retired army surgeon mouse newly returned from Afghanistan, meets Olivia and escorts her to Basil's residence  Being busy already, Basil initially dismisses them  Olivia then mentions the bat that abducted her father, and Basil realizes that Olivia saw Fidget, the assistant of Professor Ratigan, the criminal mastermind whom Basil was working to catch  It is then revealed that Ratigan kidnapped Flaversham to create a clockwork robot replica of the Queen of the Mice, so that Ratigan can usurp her place as "Supreme Ruler of all Mousedom"  Flaversham initially refuses to participate in the scheme, but capitulates when Ratigan threatens to harm Olivia 
Meanwhile, Fidget appears in Basil's window, then suddenly disappears  Basil, Dawson and Olivia take Toby, Sherlock Holmes' pet Basset Hound, to trail Fidget's scent  They trace Fidget to a human-sized toyshop; while searching the area, Dawson finds Fidget's checklist, and Basil discovers Fidget has been stealing clockwork mechanisms and toy soldiers' uniforms  
Fidget ambushes and kidnaps Olivia before Basil and Dawson can stop him  Basil does some chemical tests to the checklist, discovering it came from the "Rat Trap", a tavern near the junction of the sewer and the Thames  Basil and Dawson disguise themselves as sailors and head to the tavern; they spot Fidget there, and follow him to Ratigan's headquarters, only to be ambushed by Ratigan and his henchmen  Ratigan has the pair tied to a spring-loaded mousetrap connected to a Rube Goldberg machine of various killing devices  Ratigan then sets out for Buckingham Palace, where his henchmen hijack the royal guards' roles and kidnap the Mouse Queen  Inspired by a remark Dawson made, Basil deduces the trap's weakness, freeing himself, Dawson and Olivia 
At Buckingham Palace, Ratigan forces Flaversham to operate the toy Queen, while the real one is taken to be fed to Felicia, Ratigan's pet cat  The toy Queen declares Ratigan the ruler of all Mousedom, and he announces his dictatorial plans for his new "subjects"  After Basil, Dawson, and Olivia save Flaversham and the real Queen, they restrain Fidget and Ratigan's other henchmen, while Toby chases Felicia until she jumps over a wall, inadvertently into a pack of Royal Guard Dogs  Basil seizes control of the mechanical queen, making it denounce Ratigan as a fraud while breaking it into pieces  Realizing Ratigan's treason, the enraged crowd attacks, but Ratigan escapes on his dirigible with Fidget, holding Olivia hostage  Basil, Dawson, and Flaversham create an airship from a matchbox, balloons, and a Union Jack, and set off in pursuit  Ratigan tosses Fidget overboard to lighten the load; however, Basil jumps onto the dirigible to confront Ratigan, causing it to crash straight into Big Ben's clockface  Inside the clocktower, Basil restrains Ratigan, rescues Olivia, and safely delivers her to Flaversham  Ratigan breaks free and attacks Basil; however, when the clock strikes 10:00, the vibrations cause Ratigan to fall to his death  He attempts to take Basil with him, but Basil grabs a part of Ratigan's dirigible and saves himself  
Back at Baker Street, the group recounts their adventures  The Flavershams depart for home, and Dawson reluctantly resolves to leave as well  A new client arrives, and Basil introduces Dawson to her as his friend and investigative partner, prompting Dawson to remain and assist in Basil's future cases 

Voice cast
Barrie Ingham as Basil, a brilliant mouse detective 
Ingham also voices Bartholomew, a drunken lackey of Ratigan's 
Vincent Price as Professor Ratigan, Basil's long-established arch-enemy 
Val Bettin as Major Dr  David Q  Dawson, previously of the Queen's 66th Regiment in Afghanistan  He eventually becomes Basil's associate, friend, and personal biographer  Dawson also serves as the film's narrator 
Bettin also voices one of Ratigan's thugs 
Susanne Pollatschek as Olivia Flaversham, a young Scottish mouse who seeks Basil's help in finding her father 
Candy Candido as Fidget, Ratigan's bumbling bat right-hand henchman who has a crippled wing and a peg leg  As a result of his crippled wing, he cannot fly 
Candido also voices a reprobate in the pub 
Alan Young as Mr  Flaversham, Olivia's affectionate Scottish father who owns a toy shop 
Diana Chesney as Mrs  Judson, Basil's housekeeper who is often exasperated by his antics 
Eve Brenner as Queen Mousetoria, the mouse Queen of the United Kingdom, whom Ratigan attempts to depose 
Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes, the famous human detective who lives above Basil  His voice is taken from the 1966 Caedmon Records recording of the Sherlock Holmes story "The Red-Headed League" 
Laurie Main as Dr  Watson, the medical associate/partner of Sherlock Holmes, who also lives above Basil  Unlike Rathbone, voice samples of Nigel Bruce were not used for the voice of Watson as he had died in 1953 
Wayne Allwine, Tony Anselmo, and Walker Edmiston as Ratigan's Thugs 
Melissa Manchester as Miss Kitty Mouse, who sings "Let Me Be Good To You" 

Production
The idea of doing an animated film about Sherlock Holmes with animals was first discussed during the production of The Rescuers  Veteran layout artist Joe Hale is credited with suggesting to adapt the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus, but the project fell into development limbo because of the similarities to The Rescuers  In 1982, Ron Clements proposed adapting the children's book series into an animated feature and, along with story artist Pete Young, it was pitched to Disney President Ron Miller who approved the project  Earlier in his career, Clements created a 15-minute Sherlock Holmes animated short recorded on Super 8 film  Because the animators were displeased with the direction The Black Cauldron was heading, Basil of Baker Street was approved as an alternative project Burny Mattinson and John Musker were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was also added as co-director  Miller became the producer for the film  The first idea for the victim was for Olivia—then an older and potential love interest whom Dawson falls for, but Miller suggested the character be "a little girl, someone they [the audience] can feel sorry for " One of the dropped characters was a stool pigeon who always hung around Buckingham Palace and tipped Basil off about the skullduggery  The writers dropped the characters deciding for Basil to figure it out for himself With the departure of Miller in 1984, the board of directors appointed Michael Eisner, who had resigned from Paramount Pictures, to become the new CEO  Eisner recruited former production head Jeffrey Katzenberg to become studio chairman over Disney's film division  Following a story reel screening of Basil, Eisner and Katzenberg complained about the slow pacing of the story and ordered for rewrites before animation would commence  Although the intended release was set for Christmas 1987, Michael Eisner slashed the projected production budget at $24 million in half where it was green-lit at $10 million and moved the release date up to July 1986 giving the production team one year to complete the film  To replace Miller who had been producer, Feature Animation chairman Roy E  Disney assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer, but finding both tasks much too laborious, Mattinson decided to remain as producer  Musker and Michener remained as directors, but with the shortened production schedule, Clements became an additional director Following the box office under-performance of the 1985 Paramount/Amblin film Young Sherlock Holmes, Eisner decided to rename Basil of Baker Street into The Great Mouse Detective feeling the name "Basil" was "too English"  The re-titling of the film proved to be unpopular with the filmmakers so much that animator Ed Gombert wrote a satirical interoffice memo, allegedly by studio executive Peter Schneider, which gave preceding Disney films generic titles such as Seven Little Men Help a Girl, The Wonderful Elephant Who Could Really Fly, The Little Deer Who Grew Up, The Girl with the See-through Shoes, Two Dogs Fall in Love, Puppies Taken Away, and A Boy, a Bear and a Big Black Cat  These generic titles would later become a category on Jeopardy! 

Casting
Following a succession of American and British actors who read for the part of Basil, Royal Shakespeare actor Barrie Ingham won the role within six minutes of his audition  Val Bettin was co-director Ron Clements's first choice for Dawson  For Olivia, Susanne Pollatschek was selected over hundreds of other applicants while Alan Young, who had voiced Scrooge McDuck for Mickey's Christmas Carol, was selected to voice her father Hiriam because of his authentic Scottish brogue When the filmmakers watched the 1950 comedy film Champagne for Caesar to study Ronald Colman's performance as a possible model for Basil, they immediately decided to cast Vincent Price, who also starred in the film, as Ratigan  A veteran actor for fifty-two years, Price was willing to do an audition commenting "If anybody but Disney had asked me, I would have been offended " Following a voice test, veteran voice artist Candy Candido recorded his dialogue for Fidget in one hour  To heighten the pitch, the tape recording of his voice was sped up  Candido's natural voice was kept for one character shouting "Get off, you eight-legged bum "

Animation
Basil was first modeled on Bing Crosby, but the animators eventually took inspiration from Leslie Howard  Initially, Ratigan had been designed as thin, weasely, and ratlike  Following the screening of Champagne for Caesar, Glen Keane noted that following the casting of Price, "his expressive voice and attitude inspired us to further redesign the character " Additionally, during one story meeting, Glen Keane decided to base the stature of Ratigan on then-Disney CEO Ron Miller, who was a 6'6" former football player for the Los Angeles Rams  Furthermore, Keane lifted his personality as he was thumbing through these "photographs of people of London in the 1800s, of railroad men, and there was this one guy smoking a cigar—he had a top hat and there was just something about this guy—this Ratigan     this rat sucking the cigar, completely dressed to the hilt, he was sharp and perfect—he's a sewer rat dressed like a king and he lives as a king!" The following supervising animators included Mark Henn for Basil, Hendel Butoy for Dawson, Rob Minkoff for Olivia, Andreas Deja for Queen Moustoria, Ruben Aquino for Mrs  Judson, and Mike Gabriel for Toby and Felicia The original finale was to take place on the hands of Big Ben with Ratigan eventually falling to his demise  However, layout artist Mike Peraza approached Musker with the idea of restaging the final confrontation so the characters would break through the face of Big Ben with the grinding clockwork gears providing added menace, in which Musker agreed  Peraza's inspiration for the scene was a Japanese anime film, The Castle of Cagliostro (1979), the feature film debut of animator Hayao Miyazaki which is part of the Lupin III franchise; The Castle of Cagliostro, which Peraza was a fan of, featured a climactic scene involving characters amidst giant turning gears in a clock tower  Pereza and his team was sent to London for video reference and were granted unprecedented access to the clockworks inside Big Ben  Because the bells would chime at every quarter-hour, the team completed their research in one hour Back at the Feature Animation building, animators Phil Nibbelink and Tad Gielow spent months designing the interior of Big Ben, with each gear produced as wire-frame graphics on a computer that was printed out and traced onto animation cels onto which the colors and characters were added  The two-minute climax scene thus used computer-generated imagery (CGI), making it the first Disney film to extensively use computer animation, a fact that Disney used to promote the film during marketing The film was the last work to feature Eric Larson as an animation consultant before his retirement  Larson was the last of Disney's Nine Old Men, the group that had defined much of Disney's theatrical direction since the 1930s  The character of Dr  Dawson was modeled on Larson as a tribute 

Music
Unusually for a Disney animated feature, there was no soundtrack album released alongside the film; it was released in 1992 alongside the film's reissue under its new title by Varèse Sarabande, the only Disney cartoon to have an original soundtrack on the label to date (and the only one not to be issued under a Walt Disney imprint)  The album marked the debut of Henry Mancini for score composition of an animated feature aside from the animated opening for The Pink Panther Initially, Mancini composed a song titled "Are You the One Who Loves Me?" to serve as a parody of a Victorian British music hall  Already in rough animation, the song was recorded by Shani Wallis  However, Katzenberg and the new management desired a more contemporary song as they would help make the film more marketable  Michael Jackson was considered by Eisner to voice a character who would enter the saloon, confront Basil, and sing a song at the tavern, but the suggestion was met with uncomfortable silence for which Eisner withdrew the idea; Eisner later proposed for Madonna to perform the song  Eventually, Melissa Manchester was brought in; she wrote and performed "Let Me Be Good to You", by which the rough animation had to be re-timed and often re-animated to properly sync with the song  Mancini also co-wrote two of the film's three original songs, "The World's Greatest Criminal Mind" and "Goodbye So Soon" (both performed by Vincent Price) 

Songs
Original songs performed in the film include:

Release
During the film's initial theatrical release, the film was accompanied with the short, Clock Cleaners 

Home media
Following the theatrical re-release in February 1992, the film was released on VHS and Laserdisc in July 1992 as part of the Walt Disney Classics series  It was placed into moratorium on April 30, 1993  It was released again on VHS on August 3, 1999 (with a game sheet inside it as part of a contest) and on DVD in 2002 with a short making-of featurette  In the United Kingdom, it was first released on VHS in 1992 followed by re-releases in 1993 and 1995 
A "Mystery in the Mist Edition" of The Great Mouse Detective was released on DVD on April 13, 2010, and on Blu-ray Disc on October 9, 2012  Unlike previous home media releases, which all used the 1992 reissue title print (The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective), this DVD restored the original 1986 title card, which had previously not been seen since the original 1986 release  The DVD also has the film in its 1 78:1 widescreen aspect ratio, which brings it closer to its original theatrical aspect ratio  The Blu-ray edition is region-free and thus can be played in any region of the world  The Blu-ray was finally released in the UK on November 9, 2015, and released in France on Blu-ray on October 20, 2015 

Reception
Critical reaction
On their syndicated television show, At the Movies, the film received a "two thumbs up" rating from critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert  In his print review for The Chicago Tribune, Siskel enthusiastically praised the film as the most "truly memorable animated feature in 25 years" that "travels a wide emotional range, taking us from cuddly to scary, from recognition to wonder " Likewise, in his print review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Ebert gave the film three stars out of four in which he praised the film's animation and compared the film to that of Disney's golden age  He summarized that "the result is a movie like The Great Mouse Detective, which looks more fully animated than anything in some 30 years "London's Time Out magazine wrote, "As usual with film noir [   ] it is the villain who steals the heart and one is rooting for in the breathtaking showdown high up in the cogs and ratchets of Big Ben " Nina Darnton of The New York Times applauded that "[t]he heroes are appealing, the villains have that special Disney flair – humorous blackguards who really enjoy being evil – and the script is witty and not overly sentimental " Johanna Steinmetz, also from The Chicago Tribune, graded the film three-and-a-half stars (out of four) writing "This movie is cute, cute, cute, but it's a higher grade of cute than The Rescuers (1977) and The Fox and the Hound (1981)  The key to good Disney animation is character and facial expression, and Detective abounds in both " Alex Stewart reviewed The Great Mouse Detective for White Dwarf #83, and stated that "After their dismal fudge of The Black Cauldron, it's good to see the Disney studios taking a step, however cautious, towards the world of animation as it is today  The style is looser and more vigorous, and, in a climactic fight inside Big Ben, effectively amalgamates computer-drawn clockwork with hand-drawn characters "The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received an 80% approval rating with an average rating of 7 1/10 based on 25 reviews  The website's consensus states that "The Great Mouse Detective may not rank with Disney's classics, but it's an amiable, entertaining picture with some stylishly dark visuals " Metacritic gave the film a score of 73 based on 13 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Animation critic Charles Solomon listed this as one of the best animated films of the 1980s while singling out Keane's key work on Ratigan 

Box-office
The film grossed around $50 million worldwide against a budget of over $14 million during its initial release  Its inexpensive success after its predecessor's under-performance gave the new management of Disney confidence in the viability of their animation department, though it was surpassed at the box office by An American Tail  Re-titled as The Adventures of the Great Mouse Detective, the film was re-released theatrically on February 14, 1992, where it grossed $13,288,756  The Great Mouse Detective has had a lifetime North American gross of $38 7 million across its original release and reissue 

Legacy
Basil and Professor Ratigan were characters to meet-and-greet at the Disney Parks, until both were retired after 2004 
In the television series Darkwing Duck, a little statue of Basil opened the secret passage to Darkwing's hidden base  Some of the characters from the film have recurring cameo appearances in the television series House of Mouse 
Professor Ratigan is one of the villains with a main focus in the anthology film Once Upon a Halloween  He is also one of the villains present in the board game Disney Villainous Basil of Baker Street appears as a playable character in the video game Disney Heroes: Battle Mode Additionally, in honor of Mickey Mouse's 75th anniversary, was planned a film under the title The Search for Mickey Mouse in which Mickey gets kidnapped by unknown forces, forcing Minnie Mouse to enlist Basil of Baker Street to investigate his disappearance  However, the project was cancelled after it suffered script problems 
Context 2: Passage 1:
American Nerd
American Nerd: The Story of My People is a book by Benjamin Nugent  The book discusses the history and origin of the term "nerd", as well as what the term means in today's age  Some of the important topics discussed include the racial differences for the term "nerd", such as how race played into Urkel, a nerdy character played by Jaleel White on the TV series Family Matters 

Appearances
The book and the author were featured on Last Call with Carson Daly as well as The Sound of Young America on NPR 
Passage 2:
Steve Urkel
Steven Quincy Urkel is a fictional character on the American ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters, portrayed by Jaleel White  Although originally slated to be a one-time-only character on the show, he broke out to be its most popular character and gradually became its protagonist   Due to the Urkel character's off-putting characteristics and the way he would stir up events and underscore the plot or even move it along, he is considered a nuisance by the original protagonist's family, the Winslows, though they come to accept him over time 
The character is the epitome of a geek or nerd of the era, due to traits such as large, thick eyeglasses, flood pants held up by suspenders, multi-colored cardigan sweaters, saddle shoes, and a high-pitched voice  He professes love for his neighbor Laura Winslow, who is a character in the main family of the series, but this love of his is written as an accent on or trigger for events and crises and is therefore unrequited until the series' end 
Throughout the series, starting from Urkel's debut, he is central to many of its running gags, primarily property damage and/or personal injury resulting from of his inventions going awry or his outright clumsiness  He becomes known by viewers and characters alike for several catchphrases uttered after some humorous misfortune occurs, including "I've fallen and I can't get up!" "I don't have to take this  I'm going home " "Did I do that?" "Whoa, Mama!" and "Look what you did!" (on occasions when someone else caused the damage, though usually the accident was indirectly caused by Urkel) 

Character development
In syndication, Steve Urkel first appeared on the 4th episode of the first season, "Rachel's First Date" (as the show staff wanted to more naturally introduce him to audiences upon repeated viewings)  In the 12th episode of the first season, "Laura's First Date", he reappears as a nerdy young boy who takes Laura Winslow out on a date  Despite him being madly in love with her, Laura finds Steve grating and doesn't return his affection  
While initially intended to be a minor character, Urkel became very popular for his oddball antics, soon becoming a recurring character and joining the main cast, beginning with the season-two premiere "Rachel's Place" Family Matters co-creator Michael Warren named the character after his friend, writer, and director Steve Urkel  Due to the show and the character's tremendous popularity during the early 1990s, Erkel encountered difficulties using his own name; he received many prank phone calls from "Laura" asking for "Steve", and businesses found his name to be suspicious  Warren stated that had he known if the character would reappear for years, he would not have named him after his friend 

Portrayal
Steve Urkel embodies the stereotype of a socially inept intellectual who means well but often messes things up  Despite his intelligence, his actions often come across as clumsy and foolish  He is fiercely protective of and obsessed with his unrequited love, Laura Winslow, and this admiration extends to the rest of the Winslow family  However, Steve is comically clumsy and inept, and his attempts to help the Winslows often go awry  This puts him at odds with the family patriarch, Carl, who routinely throws Urkel out of his house  He has been shown to take responsibility for his own mistakes and reimburses the Winslows for the damages he's done  Steve is close to Harriette Winslow, who is delighted each time he comes over, much to Carl's chagrin 
Later episodes suggest that Steve's attachment to the Winslows stems from his bad relationship with his own family  Urkel often hints that most of his relatives, including his (never seen) parents, despise him and refuse to associate with him  This culminates in the two moving to Russia without him, whereupon he moves in with the Winslows  The show has also revealed that Steve has at least four relatives who care about him who are Uncle Ernie who owns a horse trailer; Uncle Cecil who, despite his gambling problems, visits the Urkel home to keep an eye on him; Aunt Oona from Altoona, (played by singer, Donna Summer), who is like a mother to him; and cousin Myrtle  In the series finale, Steve responds to Carl talking about how proud he is of his future son-in-law by saying "Thanks, Dad "
Urkel dresses unfashionably for someone his age (he is most commonly seen wearing suspenders, brightly colored shirts, and high water pants) and has a number of hobbies and interests, including polka dancing and accordion playing  His motor vehicle of choice is the small three-wheeled Isetta  Unlike his friends, he has little interest in popular culture and athletic endeavors, though he enjoys playing basketball, once attempting to join the school team  This has caused Myra to be attracted to Urkel himself due to them not being interested in pop culture  However, Steve has shown little interest in her mainly due to her stalker behavior 
While he is unpopular with his schoolmates, Urkel is a brilliant student and is on a first-name basis with his teachers  He is a genius inventor as well, and his fantastical but unreliable gadgets (including a transformation device and a time machine) are central to many Family Matters plots and gags 
Urkel also has an adept sense of lawbreaking that involves peer pressure  This was explored four times, mainly with Eddie, since he often has to learn his lesson the hard way when he finds himself in situations outside of his control 

Stefan Urquelle
During the season five episode "Dr  Urkel and Mr  Cool", in a takeoff on The Nutty Professor films, Urkel devises a plan to win Laura's heart: transforming his DNA using a serum, which suppresses his "nerd genes" and brings out his "cool" genes  This results in the alter ego known as Stefan Urquelle, played by Jaleel White in more casual attire  Initially, Laura is enamored with the smoother Stefan, but asks that he turn back into Steve when Stefan's self-centeredness makes itself apparent 
Steve improves the formula in the season five episode "Stefan Returns" to reduce its negative effects on his personality, and invents a "transformation chamber" allowing him to become Stefan at will  He would change into Stefan several times – even while dating Myra – but some circumstance would force Steve to turn into his normal self again  With his narcissistic tendencies toned down, Laura falls deeply in love with Steve's alter-ego 
In the seventh-season finale "Send in the Clones", Steve creates a cloning machine and winds up creating a perfect duplicate of himself  Myra is initially excited, but eventually realizes that two Steves are just too much  To clear up the situation, Laura proposes that one of the Steves be permanently turned into Stefan, so that she and Myra can both be with the one they love  This Stefan becomes a recurring character and eventually proposes to Laura in the ninth season  After weighing her choices in the episode "Pop Goes the Question", Laura chooses Steve over Stefan  Stefan leaves and does not appear again 

Cultural impact
In 2010, Westside Middle School in Memphis, Tennessee, outlined its dress code policy on sagging pants, asking students to pull them up or get "Urkeled", a reference to the character  In this practice, teachers would forcibly pull students' pants up and attach them to their waist using zip ties  Students would also have their photo taken and posted on a board in the hallway, for all of their classmates to view  In an interview with NBC affiliate WMC-TV, Principal Bobby White stated that the general idea is to fight pop culture with pop culture  One teacher at the school claimed to have "Urkeled" up to 80 students per week, although after five weeks the number dropped to 18 

Ratings effect
In syndication, Steve is incorporated into the teaser scene of "Rachel's First Date"; his first appearance in the original broadcasts is in the 1989 episode "Laura's First Date", in which Carl and Eddie separately set up dates for Laura for a dance or party (both terms are used in the episode), and the first thing known about him is that he allegedly ate a mouse, and he later makes reference to a mouse when speaking to Carl, implying that it might be true  Prior to Steve Urkel's introduction, the show was on the brink of cancellation due to mediocre ratings  After Urkel was introduced, several scripts had to be hastily rewritten to accommodate the character, while several first-season episodes that had been completed had new opening gag sequences filmed featuring Steve trying to push open the Winslows' front door while the family holds it shut  The addition of Steve immediately helped the show boost its modest ratings  White was credited as a guest star in the first season and became a regular member of the cast in season two  In the opening credits for Seasons 5-9, White was the only regular whose character's name appeared alongside his own during the opening credits (Season 9 did not have the same credit sequence showing all the actors, it simply listed their names across the bottom of the screen, but White was listed "as Steve Urkel" there as well) 
Jo Marie Payton, who played Harriette Winslow, admitted that she felt the Urkel character had hogged much of the show's attention and disrupted the close family relationship she had formed with the rest of the cast  Payton took particular umbrage when youngest sibling Judy Winslow was dismissed as a disposable character and her portrayer, Jaimee Foxworth, was fired to make room for more Urkel stories, because she felt particularly close to Foxworth as the baby of the cast  Payton experienced increasing burnout over the course of the show, became increasingly upset over the production staff allowing White free rein to misbehave, and felt that the overbearing focus on Urkel had made the show jump the shark; she very nearly quit when the show moved to CBS but agreed to stay for the first several episodes while a new actress, Judyann Elder, was cast as Harriet  In an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Payton recalled an instance where White insisted upon inserting something that would have violated Broadcast Standards and Practices, to the point where he and Payton nearly came to physical blows with each other  White is one of the few living members of the cast with whom Payton no longer speaks regularly  She nevertheless speaks well of her experiences and appreciates the effect that Urkel had on the show's popularity and thus the residuals everyone receives from the show  Reginald VelJohnson, in a 2022 interview with Entertainment Tonight, acknowledged that White could be difficult to work with on set but attributed the difficulties to White's young age and being surrounded by other teenagers, which VelJohnson (who himself never had children) found overwhelming  On the whole, VelJohnson had "nothing but good memories" of working with White 

The Urkel Dance
The Urkel Dance was a novelty dance that originated in the season two episode, "Life of the Party"  It was based around the character of Steve Urkel and essentially incorporated movements that made the dancer's posture more like his 
The dance was popular enough to appear on another show, Step by Step, when the Steve Urkel character appeared in a crossover in the season one episode, "The Dance" 
Jaleel White also performed the song, in character as Steve Urkel, on the 5th Annual American Comedy Awards  Bea Arthur (from Maude & The Golden Girls) joined him on stage to "Do The Urkel", after which she said, "Hey, MC Hammer, try and touch that!"A promotional cassette single of the song that accompanies the dance was produced and distributed in limited numbers  A T-shirt was also produced featuring lyrics and Urkel's likeness 
Rick Sanchez pays some form of homage to The Urkel Dance with "The Rick Dance" in the Rick and Morty episode "Ricksy Business" 

Appearances on other shows
Full House – In the 1991 episode, "Stephanie Gets Framed", Steve is called in to help Stephanie Tanner (Jodie Sweetin) deal with her anxieties after she has to get glasses  He was cousin to a friend of D J  He also jams with Uncle Jesse and gives Michelle a penny for her piggy bank, telling her that "with prevailing interest rates, that penny will be worth three cents by the turn of the century"  Incidentally, Family Matters did not air on the night of the episode's original airdate (January 25, 1991)  It is implied that he found himself in San Francisco in the Full House universe before paying a visit to the Lambert household from Step by Step 
Step by Step – In the series' second episode, "The Dance", Steve lands in the Lambert-Foster family's backyard after launching himself with a rocket pack from the living room of the Winslows' house in the Family Matters episode "Brain Over Brawn" (the two scenes being shown in uninterrupted sequence, as Family Matters and Step by Step aired back to back on ABC's TGIF lineup at the time)  He then helps his science-fair pen pal, Mark Foster (Christopher Castile), and lifts Alicia "Al" Lambert (Christine Lakin)'s spirits after her potential date dumps her just before a school dance  White reprises his "Do the Urkel" dance in the scene where Al gives the boy that dumped her his comeuppance  White also makes a brief two-second cameo as Steve in the 1997 episode "A Star Is Born", snapping a clapperboard on the set of the movie that Al was cast in over her two sisters 
In the Family Matters episode "Beauty and the Beast", Steve sends a chain letter to his friend Cory Matthews, who lived in Philadelphia  The reference is to Ben Savage's character from Boy Meets World, but there were no on-screen crossovers  In an episode of Boy Meets World, Cory says he receives a chain letter from his friend Steve 
Fuller House - In the Season 3 finale, Urkel was mentioned by D J   In a January 2018 interview with TVLine's Andy Swift, series creator and former show runner Jeff Franklin mentioned that they have talked about White reprising the role and that they had some ideas for the character if White decides to reprise the role (Franklin was dismissed from the show before this materialized, and Urkel never appeared in the series) 
Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? - White reprised his role on the animated series Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? in the episode "When Urkel- Bots Go Bad!"

Merchandise
At the height of his popularity, Urkel's name was branded to several products including a short-lived fruit flavored cereal known as Urkel-Os and a Steve Urkel pull string doll, which were both released in 1991  There was also a T-shirt line that was created in 2002, but was discontinued shortly after its inception In 2021 White launched his own cannabis brand that featured a strain called "Purple Urkel"  He reprised the role of Urkel in a skit with Snoop Dogg to promote the strain 

Reception
In 1999, TV Guide ranked Urkel #27 on its list of the "50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time"  In 2004, he was listed at #98 in Bravo's 100 Greatest TV Characters 


== Notes ==
Passage 3:
Family Matters
Family Matters is an American television sitcom that debuted on ABC on September 22, 1989, and ended on May 9, 1997  However it moved to CBS, where it was shown from September 19, 1997, to July 17, 1998  A spin-off of Perfect Strangers, the series revolves around the Winslow family, an African-American middle class family living in Chicago, Illinois  Midway through the first season, the show introduced the Winslows' nerdy neighbor Steve Urkel (Jaleel White), who was originally scripted to appear as a one-time character  However, he quickly became the show's breakout character (and eventually the main character), joining the main cast Running for nine seasons, Family Matters became the second-longest-running live action U S  sitcom with a predominantly African-American cast, behind only The Jeffersons (11 seasons)  It aired for 215 episodes, being ranked third, behind only Tyler Perry's House of Payne (280+ as of 2021), and The Jeffersons (253)  Family Matters was the last live-action scripted primetime show that debuted in the 1980s to leave the air; the only scripted show that started in the 1980s and lasted longer in continuous production was The Simpsons 

History
The series was a spinoff from the ABC sitcom Perfect Strangers; both shows aired Friday nights on ABC's primetime slot called "TGIF"  Jo Marie Payton played Harriette Winslow, the elevator operator at a newspaper where Larry Appleton and Balki Bartokomous also worked  Reginald VelJohnson, who was coming off of growing fame from his role in Die Hard, made an appearance on the show as Harriette's husband Carl Winslow, a Chicago police officer  ABC and the producers loved the character Harriette for her great morale and quick-witted humor and decided to create a show that would focus on her and her family, husband Carl, son Eddie, elder daughter Laura, and younger daughter Judy (who appeared until the character was retconned after season four as having not existed) In the pilot episode, "The Mama Who Came to Dinner", the family had also opened their home to Carl's street-wise mother, Estelle (Rosetta LeNoire), usually known as "Mother Winslow"  Prior to the start of the series, Harriette's sister, Rachel Crawford and her infant son, Richie, had moved into the Winslow household after the death of Rachel's husband  The Winslows' nerdy teenage next-door neighbor, Steve Urkel (Jaleel White), was introduced midway through the first season in the episode "Laura’s First Date" and quickly became the focus of the show The popular sitcom was a mainstay of ABC's TGIF lineup from 1989 until 1997, at which point it became part of the CBS Block Party lineup for its final season  Family Matters was produced by Bickley-Warren Productions (1991–1998) and Miller-Boyett Productions, in association with Lorimar Television (1989–1993) and later Warner Bros  Television (1993–1998)  As the show progressed, episodes began to center increasingly on Steve Urkel, and other original characters also played by White, including Steve's suave alter-ego, Stefan Urquelle (who is Jaleel White's real-life self), and his female cousin, Myrtle Urkel 

Network change
In early 1997, CBS picked up Family Matters and Step by Step in a $40 million deal to acquire the rights to the programs from ABC  ABC then promised to pay Miller-Boyett Productions $1 5 million per episode for a ninth and tenth season of Family Matters  However, tensions had risen between Miller-Boyett Productions and ABC's corporate parent, The Walt Disney Company (which had bought the network in 1996 as part of its merger with ABC's then-parent Capital Cities/ABC Inc )  Miller-Boyett thought that it would not be a big player on ABC after the network's recent purchase by Disney Miller-Boyett Productions agreed to a $40 million offer from CBS for a 22-episode season for both Family Matters and Step By Step  CBS scheduled Family Matters along with Meego and Step By Step as a part of its new Friday lineup, branded as the CBS Block Party  The network scheduled the family-oriented block against ABC's TGIF lineup, where the two series originated  Jo Marie Payton's contract had just expired and she was reluctant to continue, feeling the show had jumped the shark years prior  She agreed to stay to keep continuity but left midseason shortly after very nearly getting into a physical altercation with White in what would be her last regular episode; in that episode, White (playing a gangster instead of his usual Urkel) was attempting to insert material that violated Broadcast Standards and Practices  The resulting dispute between White and Payton escalated to the point where Darius McCrary had to separate the two  Payton would appear in only one more episode after that—a Christmas episode that also brought back several former characters from the ABC run who had been written out on CBS—before Judyann Elder took over as Harriette for the remainder of the season 
While Family Matters continued to lose viewership compared to previous years, it was initially a modest success on CBS, beating the show that replaced it, You Wish  Meego, however, was a ratings failure and was canceled after six weeks  Near the end of the ninth season, the cast was informed that a tenth and final season was planned, so scripts and plot synopses were written for the show  After the holiday special season, CBS replaced Meego with Kids Say the Darndest Things, and with that show's child-centered focus, it was placed in Family Matters' 8/7c time slot, with Family Matters pushed an hour later and paired with Step by Step  The ratings for Family Matters fell even further in this later slot, and the entire block except for Kids Say    was canceled in spring 1998, with the remaining episodes burned off in the summer,  On November 28, 2019 Bryton McClure who played the 2nd version of Richard "Richie" Crawford Sayed To OWN  "it was about time, relationships gone a little south and time to move on", on November 28th, 2020  TV One Did a Thanksgiving Marathon called Family Matters: Turkel 
Marathon, Michelle Thomas went to talk to fellow co-star Reginald VelJohnson that she was sick, and the rest of the main cast never said their goodbyes after 25 years of her passing

Cast
Episodes
Production notes
Family Matters was created by William Bickley and Michael Warren (who also wrote for, and were producers of, parent series Perfect Strangers) and developed by Thomas L  Miller and Robert L  Boyett (who also served as executive producers on Perfect Strangers); all four also served as executive producers of the series  The series was produced by Miller-Boyett Productions, in association with Lorimar Television who co-produced the show until 1993, when Warner Bros  Television absorbed Lorimar (a sister company under the co-ownership of Time Warner) 
Starting with season three, the series was also produced by Bickley-Warren Productions  The series was filmed in front of a live studio audience; the Lorimar-produced episodes were shot at Lorimar Studios (later Sony Pictures Studios) in Culver City, California, while the Warner Bros -produced episodes were filmed at Warner Bros  Studios in nearby Burbank 
The show's original theme was Louis Armstrong's "What a Wonderful World"; it was scrapped after the fifth episode of season one ("Straight A's"), though it was heard only in the pilot episode in syndicated reruns  The second theme, "As Days Go By", written by Jesse Frederick, Bennett Salvay and Scott Roeme and performed by Frederick, was the theme for the majority of the series until 1995  The sixth season's opening credits was last used in the season seven episodes "Talk's Cheap" and "Fa La La La Laagghh", the only two episodes during the final three seasons to feature the theme song (this was heard in season one episodes in ABC Family and syndicated airings)  A longer version of "As Days Go By" was used during the first three seasons, though in syndicated reruns the short version is heard (in ABC Family airings, the long theme was used for all of the episodes during the first three seasons) 
Family Matters is set in the same fictional universe as several other TV shows related to ABC's TGIF or CBS's Block Party  Before Family Matters, Harriette Winslow was originally the elevator operator at the Chicago Chronicle newspaper office in the third and fourth seasons of Perfect Strangers  Family Matters was a spin-off series given to this character in 1989  Characters from Family Matters appeared on other shows, including Full House, Boy Meets World, Step by Step and Meego 

Syndication
In September 1993, Warner Bros  Television Distribution began distributing Family Matters for broadcast in off-network syndication; most television stations stopped carrying the show by around 2002, though some stations in larger markets such as WTOG in Tampa, Florida continued to air Family Matters until as recently as 2005 and New York's WPIX as 2006  In 1995, reruns of the series began airing on TBS Superstation, where it ran until 2003  TBS would air two episodes of Family Matters each weekday afternoon from October 1995 to September 1999   From 1999 to 2003, TBS only aired the series once per weekday typically playing in the early mornings  The series would return to TBS 17 years later on February 3, 2020 and airs in the early morning time slots paired with George Lopez 
From 1997 to 2003, reruns of the series aired on WGN America  In 2003, ABC Family picked up the series and aired it for five years until February 29, 2008  From 2004 to 2006, UPN aired the show for 2 years  BET aired reruns briefly in December 2009 and began airing the series on a regular basis on March 1, 2013; the series returned to BET in mid-February 2023  MTV2 also began airing reruns on September 7, 2013  The show aired on Nick at Nite from June 29, 2008 to December 31, 2012  ABC Family and Nick at Nite airings cut the tag scenes at the end of all episodes, despite the fact that many episodes during the series have tag scenes during the closing credits  The series also currently airs on TV One since 2019  In Canada, the series also aired on CTV, CBC and currently airs on Family Channel 
On September 29, 2017, Family Matters became available for streaming on Hulu  In the UK it aired on Sky One whilst Perfect Strangers aired on BBC One 
Reruns of the series also started airing on Cartoon Network's ACME Night block on September 19, 2021 
On October 1, 2021, Family Matters began streaming on HBO Max after its streaming rights expired from Hulu, but has since returned to the Hulu platform 

International airings
In France, it aired as La Vie de famille (Family Life) as part of the show Club Dorothée on January 1, 1995 and on RTL9 (from August 28, 1995), France 2 & M6 (from June 1, 2000) 
In Italy, it aired as Otto sotto un tetto (Eight under one roof) on Canale 5, Italia 1 in 1992, with subsequent airings on Fox Retro & Sky Atlantic 

Home media
Warner Home Video has released the first four seasons of Family Matters on DVD in Region 1 while the remaining five seasons were released by the Warner Archive Collection  On February 4, 2014, Warner Home Video released season 4 on DVD, but consumers complained when it was found that the season 4 set contained syndication edits rather than the original broadcast masters  Warner Bros  responded to the complaints, offered a replacement program to receive corrected discs and reissuing the set with corrected broadcast copies on April 4, 2014  All episodes are the original broadcast form, except for the episode "Number One With a Bullet", disc 1, episode 6  The entire series is also available for digital download on Amazon com and the iTunes Store, all but season 6 remastered in both SD and HD 

Animated Christmas TV movie
On September 1, 2021, it was announced an animated Christmas film Did I Do That to the Holidays? A Steve Urkel Story would air on Cartoon Network as part of the block ACME Night in 2022  It was set to be released on HBO Max  However, on August 22, 2022, it was announced the film will not be moving forward on HBO Max and will be shopped elsewhere due to the Warner Bros  Discovery merger
Context 3: Passage 1:
Blood on the Dance Floor (band)
Blood on the Dance Floor was an American electronic music group from Orlando, Florida, formed in 2006  The group's longest standing lineup, from 2009 to 2016, consisted of Jesus David Torres also known as Dahvie Vanity (born 1984) and Jayy Von Monroe (born 1991)  The group released nine studio albums before breaking up in 2016 following Von Monroe's departure  It was reformed by Vanity the following year, initially with Fallon Vendetta  After Vendetta's departure, Vanity became the sole member of the group  Since 2019, Vanity has performed under the name Kawaii Monster and most recently The Most Vivid Nightmares 

History
After falling out as a touring musician with multiple local musical acts in the Orlando, Florida area during 2006, Jesus David Torres, going by the moniker "Dahvie Vanity", formed a musical group with friends Matty "M" Malaret, Christopher Mongillo, and Rebecca Fugate  Initially the group was considered a joke, but developed into Blood on the Dance Floor in the summer of 2007  Malaret left the group in late 2007 before the group's self-released first album, Let's Start a Riot, in April 2008  Citing the inability to tour, Mongillo and Fugate left the band as well shortly thereafter During the recording of their second album, It's Hard to be a Diamond in a Rhinestone World, the band was picked up by producer and writer Rusty Wilmot  During the recording of this album, Garrett Marshal McLaughlin (Garrett Ecstasy) was recruited to do backup vocals and screaming  The CD was self-released in October 2008  Only 300 copies were made Vanity and Ecstasy recorded the singles "Siq With a Q" and "Suicide Club" as a duo in 2008, and released three extended plays over the first half of 2009, I Scream I Scream, OMFG Sneak Peak, and Extended Play  The duo embarked on the OMFG Tour with other local bands Electric Valentine, Weston Buck, The Greenlight District, and The Crush in promotion of their upcoming album then titled OMFG During the OMFG tour on a tour date in the state of Colorado, Vanity was arrested for sexual assault but was ultimately not criminally charged due to a lack of evidence and the tour continued with Ecstasy performing the remainder of the shows without Vanity  Ecstasy then left the band after accusing Vanity of being a sexual predator and was replaced by Jeremy Brian Griffis, known by his stage name "Jayy Von Monroe"  Along with Von Monroe, Vanity and the group's new drummer and rapper, Nick "Nasty" Wenzel, released "Horrifically Delicious" 
Many of the songs originally recorded with Ecstasy intended for the upcoming album OMFG were re-recorded with new vocals by Von Monroe  The previous concept of the OMFG album was scrapped, and rebranded as EPIC, set for release in 2010  The band went on tour over spring and summer 2010 to promote the release of Epic  With Jeffree Star they recorded three songs for that album  The collaborations with Jeffree Star were short lived because like former member Garrett Ecstasy, Star had also accused Vanity of being a pedophile and a predator, claiming to have witnessed questionable behavior  Star later chose to go back on his accusations and sweep what he claimed to have seen under the rug due to feeling like the band was being victimized  He was then featured on their 2014 single "Poison Apple", from the album Bitchcraft  As with the previous conflict with Garrett, the three singles featuring Jeffree's vocals were re-recorded with vocals by Von Monroe, and the original tracks were not featured on the final album 
In October 2010, the album Epic charted No  5 on the dance/electronic Billboard chart  The band headlined the Epic Tour and the Epic Tour Part II in support of the album Even before the release of Epic, recording began for Blood on the Dance Floor's fourth album, All the Rage!!  The duo collaborated with several artists for the album, including Lady Nogrady, JJ Demon, and Nick Nasty  The album was preceded by several singles to promote the release, including "Yo Ho", and "P L U R ", and "Bewitched" which became the band's biggest (and only) most well known song  The band later embarked on Warped Tour 2011 in June 2011, and released the album while on tour 
A music video for their hit single from the album, "Bewitched", featured Nicole "Lady" Nogrady, who later said that she felt disrespected by the band during production of the album as well as on the music video, and found herself having to confront the band directly in order for her name to appear on the credits of her work with them  The song was subsequently performed by other female vocalists in place of Nogrady at live shows, and was re-recorded with vocals by Haley Rose for their 2013 acoustic album Blood Unplugged 
The album peaked at No  13 on the Billboard Top Electronic Albums chart  At the end of 2011, the duo headlined the All the Rage Tour and was planning the 'Tis the Season to be Killing Tour In celebration of BOTDF's fourth anniversary, a digital compilation album entitled The Legend of Blood on the Dance Floor was set to be released on Halloween  The compilation's release date was pushed back, originally planned to be released as a CD, it was released as a SoundCloud playlist instead  The compilation features remastered versions of songs from the band's first four albums 
Blood on the Dance Floor's fifth album, Evolution, was released on June 19, 2012 along with a deluxe edition that featured acoustic versions of two songs  Two music videos and four singles were released from the album 
The album featured tracks in collaboration with Haley Rose, Amelia Arsenic, Shawn Brandon, Joel Madden of the band Good Charlotte, Elena Vladimirova, and Deuce As a thank you to their fans they released the three-song free EP Clubbed to Death! on June 20, 2012, for free through an app on Facebook  Their sixth EP, The Anthem of the Outcast, was released on October 30, 2012 Rumors of a breakup in 2013 were proven to be a hoax  Bad Blood was slated for release in September 2013  On February 18, 2013, the lead single "I Refuse to Sink! (Fuck the Fame)" was released, followed by the second single, "Crucified by Your Lies", and a third, "Something Grimm", on July 2, 2013 Andrew "Drew" Apathy joined in early 2014, and a new album, Bitchcraft, was released in June 2014  Their single "We're Takin over!" featuring Deuce was released February 7 Blood on the Dance Floor released their first single off their EP Cruel Pornography: "The Sexorcist"  In August, they released their new project and started planning the "Reign of Blood" tour  On February 14, 2016, the band released the single "Safe Word" on iTunes Mid-2016 marked the end of producing and co-writing by Rusty Wilmot (2008–2016) In April 2016, Blood on the Dance Floor announced a 24-date tour with Steven Joseph and BrokenCYDE  On August 17, BOTDF released their September 30-scheduled album Scissors on Apple Music On September 14, 2016, Dahvie Vanity said that the group would be disbanding after one final tour as a result of Jayy's departure earlier that month  For a while afterwards, Vanity created and worked on a new project called Sinners Are Winners, releasing an EP titled For Beginners and full-length The Invocation  Jayy Von Monroe also released a statement on his departure from the band after leaving stating that he was not paid for his time for the band and was forced to go on tour without treatment after his HIV diagnosis  Vanity denied these allegations in a video In April 2017, Vanity announced that there would be a new member, and that Blood on the Dance Floor would be returning on May 5 of that year without Jayy Von Monroe  In May 2017, it was revealed that Dahvie's girlfriend, Fallon Vendetta, had temporarily joined Blood on the Dance Floor  With Vendetta, they released the singles "Resurrection Spell", "Love Like Voodoo", "Six Feet Under", "Yo Ho 2 (Pirate's Life)", "Ghosting" and "Destroy"  Their album Kawaii Monster was released on October 31, 2017  Kawaii Monster pre-orders included a second disc, a remastered edition of Let's Start a Riot  The band also released an exclusive EP: You Are the Heart  In 2018, they released Haunted, followed by Cinema Erotica and You Are the Heart  Vendetta departed the group shortly afterward, leaving Vanity as the sole remaining member of the group 
In 2019, shortly after the band's second break up, Vanity started a new project: Kawaii Monster  He released the songs "From Heaven to Hell", "Total Nightmare", "Dear Best Friend", "It's a Sunny Place for Shady People", "I Am With You", "Finding Blessings in Dark Places", "The Violet Flame", "It's All Just a Dream" and "Rage Against the Dying Light" After a five-month break from making music, Vanity rebranded himself again as "The Most Vivid Nightmares" and released "Drowning in the Darkness" on November 13, 2020  He later released a second single: "Love Forever True"  On January 1, 2021, Vanity released a new version of Blood on the Dance Floor's "Bewitched" as "Bewitched Reimagined" featuring singer Sammy Beare  As of 2016, Jayy Von Monroe has continued to work as a drag monster under the name "The Dahli" and Vanity has continued to release music and merchandise by himself under both "The Most Vivid Nightmares" and "Dark Arts Official" 

Musical style and influences
The group's style has been described as having hypersexual lyrics combined with electronica or electronic music, but also heavily incorporates electropop, dance-pop, and crunkcore Vanity stated in an interview that Jeffree Star is a huge influence on Blood on the Dance Floor  Vanity also stated that he was inspired by Marilyn Manson in the past 

Sexual assault allegations against Dahvie Vanity
Since the allegations first surfaced in 2009, at least 21 women have made sexual assault, child molestation, and rape allegations against Vanity  Former bandmates Garrett Ecstasy, who left the band in 2009, and Jayy Von Monroe, who left in 2016, have described Vanity as a sexual predator  In an interview with television journalist Chris Hansen, Jayy Von Monroe accused Vanity of abuse as well, stating that Vanity forced him to tour without his HIV medication which caused him to nearly contract AIDS  Von Monroe also stated that he later made a full recovery after leaving the band in 2016  Jeffree Star and New Years Day members Ash Costello and Nikki Misery have stated that they observed Vanity engage in questionable or illegal sexual behavior during one of the Vans Warped Tours and also during the "All the Rage Tour 2012" in support of their third studio album of the same name around the early 2010s  Many of the accusers were underage during the alleged attacks  In response to the allegations, Combichrist removed Blood on the Dance Floor from their tour in 2014  Merchandising website Big Cartel removed the band's products in 2018 in response to the allegations, while Spotify and Google Play removed the band's music in April 2019 for violating their prohibited content policies against hate speech  Vanity has responded to the accusations on multiple occasions, usually with denial, threats or evasion In early 2020, Hansen announced an investigation on Vanity, including having multiple interviews with those who claim Vanity abused or raped them  The FBI have confirmed that they are also currently investigating the allegations against Vanity 

Members
Final line-up

Dahvie Vanity – lead vocals, guitar, keyboards, programming (2006–2016, 2017–2019)Former members

Touring musicians

Timeline

Discography
Albums as Blood on the Dance Floor
Let's Start a Riot (2008)
It's Hard to Be a Diamond in a Rhinestone World (2008)
Epic (2010)
All the Rage!! (2011)
Evolution (2012)
Bad Blood (2013)
Bitchcraft (2014)
Scissors (2016)
Kawaii Monster (2017)
Haunted (2018)
Cinema Erotica (2018)
You Are the Heart (2018)
Hollywood Death Star (2019)

Albums as Master of Death
Master of Death (2015)

Albums as Sinners Are Winners
For Beginners (2016)
The Invocation (2017)

Albums as Kawaii Monster
Poison Love (2019)
Love from Hell (2019)
The Balance (2020)
Traptendo (2022)

Albums as The Most Vivid Nightmares
Love Like Starlight (2022)
Torture Garden (2023)
Passage 2:
The Hundred in the Hands (album)
The Hundred in the Hands is the eponymous debut studio album by American electronic music duo The Hundred in the Hands, released on September 11, 2010 by Warp  The album received generally favorable reviews, with a Metacritic score of 74 out of 100, based on 13 reviews  In January 2011, the album earned the duo a nomination in the Pop/Rock category at The 10th Annual Independent Music Awards  The song "Pigeons" was used in the third episode of the fifth season of Gossip Girl, titled "The Jewel of Denial" and originally aired October 10, 2011 

Track listing
Notes^a  signifies an additional producer

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Hundred in the Hands 
The Hundred in the HandsThe Hundred in the Hands – production (all tracks); engineering (tracks 2, 3, 5, 8, 11); additional engineering (tracks 6, 10)
Eleanore Everdell – vocals, keyboards, synthesizer
Jason Friedman – bass, guitar, programmingAdditional personnelAlex Aldi – engineering (tracks 4, 9, 10); mixing (tracks 9, 10); programming (track 9)
Eric Broucek – engineering, production (tracks 6, 7); mixing (tracks 2, 3, 6, 7); additional engineering (tracks 2, 3); additional programming (tracks 2, 3, 6)
Heather Culp – photography
Pete Hofmann – mixing (tracks 1, 3, 4, 8, 11)
Jacques Renault – additional production, engineering (track 1); additional programming (tracks 1, 7); additional engineering, production (track 7)
Richard X – additional programming, production (tracks 1, 4, 5, 8); engineering (track 1); additional engineering (tracks 4, 5, 8); additional production (track 11)
Vito Roccoforte – live drums (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 8)
Noel Summerville – mastering
Utters – additional engineering, additional production, additional programming (track 7)
Chris Zane – engineering (tracks 4, 9, 10); live drums, mixing, production (tracks 9, 10); programming (track 9)

Release history
Passage 3:
The M Machine
The M Machine is an American electronic music duo from San Francisco, California, United States, formed in 2011 and currently consisting of Ben Swardlick and Eric Luttrell  They have released four EPs, a single and two remix collections on Skrillex's label Owsla  The group has reached the overall #1 slot on Beatport on multiple occasions 

Music career
The group originally went by the moniker Pance Party  They initially had viral success with a teaser video for their planned full-length album Metropolis, which later became split into two EPs  Their double A-side "Promise Me A Rose Garden" / "Glow" was released on Skrillex's label OWSLA in 2011, becoming the #1 Electro House release on Beatport, and #2 overall release for an entire week  "Promise Me A Rose Garden" was named Hottest Record in the World on October 20, 2011, by Zane Lowe on BBC Radio 1 In April 2012, the group released Metropolis Pt  I, the first installment of their two-part concept album  Metropolis Pt  I premiered online in Rolling Stone magazine, followed by a worldwide release the next day, reaching number one on the Beatport overall chart  Metropolis Pt  II was released February 19, 2013 on Owsla to critical acclaim, also reaching the number one overall spot on Beatport 
Inspired by Fritz Lang's influential film Metropolis, together the two EPs tell the story of the dystopian city of Metropolis  A text/illustrated version of the story is also available in the form of digital liner notes on the band's website  The Metropolis saga was completed with the release of Metropolis Remixed, a revamped retrospective of the previous two EPs that featured remixes from Kill The Noise, Digitalism, Robotaki, and more 
Also in January 2014, the group released the single "Superflat" on OWSLA, followed by the Just Like EP in November of that year  Just Like signaled a change in direction as the group moved towards more underground, club-oriented sound  A remix pack, Just Like Remixes was released in April 2015 featuring Manila Killa, CRNKN, and Worthy among others 
On January 28, 2015, Andy announced his departure from the group to pursue his interest in programming and technology, making the former trio a duo On February 23, 2017, they released their debut album Glare on Mad Zoo 
The group has toured in support of acts including Skrillex, Porter Robinson, The Glitch Mob, Madeon, Markus Schulz, and more, in addition to a slew of their own headline runs  They have also played premier music festivals including Ultra Music Festival, Electric Daisy Carnival, Holy Ship!, Hard Summer, Outside Lands, South by Southwest, TomorrowWorld, Mysteryland, Electric Zoo and Shambhala 
The group has contributed official remixes for Bruno Mars, Passion Pit, Empire of the Sun, Dog Blood, Madeon, Mat Zo, Arty, Datsik & Kill The Noise 

Discography
Studio albums
EPs
Singles
Other appearances
Remixes
Passage 4:
Setting Fires (song)
"Setting Fires" is a song by American DJ duo the Chainsmokers, released as the final single from the duo's second extended play, Collage (2016)  It features the vocal collaboration of American electronic music duo Xylø  The song was written by Melanie Fontana, Jon Asher and Andrew Taggart   "Setting Fires" was released on November 4, 2016, through Disruptor Records and Columbia Records 

Composition
The song is written in the key of G♯ minor with a common time tempo of 105 beats per minute  Xylø's vocals span from F♯3 to A♯5 in the song 

Chart performance
"Setting Fires" debuted and peaked at number 71 on the US Billboard Hot 100 issued for November 26, 2016  The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the song Gold, which denotes 500,000 units based on sales and track-equivalent on-demand streams  On the Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart, it entered at number eight and spent 20 weeks in total  "Setting Fires" peaked at number 35 on the Canadian Hot 100 and was certified Gold by Music Canada  The song reached number 50 in Australia and was certified Platinum  It charted within the top 40 of national record charts, at number 26 in Scotland, and number 31 in Czech Republic 

Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from the EP liner notes, Collage (2016) 
Jordan "DJ Swivel" Young – producer, mixing engineer, recording engineer
The Chainsmokers – producer, associated performer
Xylø – associated performer
Melanie Fontana – background vocals
Chris Gehringer – mastering engineer

Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Passage 5:
In Return (Odesza album)
In Return is the second album by American electronic music duo Odesza, released on September 9, 2014 through Counter and Ninja Tune  It is the major label debut of the electronic duo after the release of their self-released debut album Summer's Gone two years prior and follows up that album 
The album debuted atop the Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart and was positively received by critics 
The "Say My Name" track (instrumental version) used in Windows 10 Promotional and Retail Demo Video 

Background and composition
During production, Mills and Knight were more open to experimentation, favoring more of a singer-songwriter approach with a greater focus on lyrical content  The result is a more vocally driven album, contrasting with their previous sample-based releases  Coming from a classically trained background, Knight was more concerned of the technicality of the music, while Mills focused on the production side



ground_truth: Burny Mattinson, David Michener, and the team of John Musker and Ron Clements

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which American actor portray Steve Urkel in "Family Matters"

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  Current bidders are Apple TV+, Hulu and Netflix 

Accolades
Notes
Passage 4:
Michelle Thomas
Michelle Doris Thomas (September 23, 1968 – December 23, 1998) was an American actress  She was known for her roles as Justine Phillips on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show (1988–90), as Myra Monkhouse on the ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters (1993–98), and as Callie Rogers on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless (1998) 

Early life and education
Michelle Thomas was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on September 23, 1968, to Phynjuar "Penwah" Thomas, a stage actress, and musician father Dennis "Dee Tee" Thomas, a saxophonist and founding member of the band Kool & the Gang  Thomas grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, and graduated from West Essex High School in 1987 As a child, she would accompany her mother to her theater rehearsals and performances  Her mother was her first acting coach, and coached her throughout the course of her career  A friend of her mother who had heard Michelle Thomas sing before had requested that she enter Miss Talented Teens  Thomas was crowned Miss Talented Teen New Jersey at the state's Hal Jackson's Talented Teen pageant, and then in July 1984, at the age of 15, she was crowned Miss Talented Teen International in Montego Bay, Jamaica from among 35 state and national representatives 

Career
In 1983, Michelle Thomas appeared in her first television commercial  In December 1984, she appeared with Hal Jackson on Soul Train after having won the Miss Talented Teen International pageant earlier in the year From 1988 to 1990, Thomas portrayed Justine Phillips, the girlfriend of Theo Huxtable, on The Cosby Show  She appeared on various television programs, including A Man Called Hawk in 1989 and Thea in 1994  Thomas had a role in Dream Date in 1989 and had a small role in Hangin' with the Homeboys in 1991 
Thomas appeared in music videos for Mint Condition, Chubb Rock, and Dru Hill  Her publicist was Kahdijah Bell, daughter of Ronald Bell of Kool & the Gang  Thomas was a guest host of the weekly music series Soul Train in May 1996 and March 1997 From 1993 to 1998, she portrayed the role of Myra Monkhouse, the girlfriend of Steve Urkel, on Family Matters  After the sitcom ended in 1998, Thomas portrayed Callie Rogers, an aspiring singer and love interest of Malcolm Winters, on the daytime soap The Young and the Restless  In October 1998, Thomas took a medical leave from the series due to her ill health  Thomas had been in the studio recording music before her sudden turn in health  She appeared posthumously in the role of Anne in the film Unbowed in 1999 

Health and death
In August 1997, Thomas was diagnosed with a rare cancer, an intra-abdominal desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor (DSRCT)  Thomas never smoked or drank alcohol, and was a vegetarian  Her mother added that "they'd give her a sedation that was supposed to put her out for 20 minutes and she'd be asleep for four days  Her body couldn't take it " Thomas underwent surgery to remove a lemon-sized tumor shortly before landing her The Young and the Restless role in the spring of 1998  She underwent surgery again in October 1998 after a second cancerous growth ruptured  After being released from the hospital, Thomas flew home to New Jersey to spend Thanksgiving with her family in Weehawken, New Jersey On December 23, at age 30, Thomas died in New York City at Manhattan's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center  Malcolm-Jamal Warner, Thomas' longtime friend and former boyfriend, was among those at her bedside  On December 26, 1998, a Muslim funeral service was held, per her request  She was buried in New Jersey 

Filmography
Film
Television
Music videos
Honors
Passage 5:
Boy Meets World (season 2)
The second season of the television comedy series Boy Meets World aired between September 23, 1994 and May 19, 1995, on ABC in the United States  The season was produced by Michael Jacobs Productions and Touchstone Television with series creator Michael Jacobs as executive producer  It was broadcast as part of the ABC comedy block TGIF on Friday evenings  This is the last season to have Lily Nicksay portray Morgan Matthews   (She would be replaced by Lindsay Ridgeway in season three )

Cast
Main
Ben Savage as Cory Matthews
William Daniels as George Feeny
Betsy Randle as Amy Matthews
Will Friedle as Eric Matthews
Rider Strong as Shawn Hunter
Danielle Fishel as Topanga Lawrence
Lily Nicksay as Morgan Matthews
Anthony Tyler Quinn as Jonathan Turner
William Russ as Alan Matthews

Episodes
Passage 6:
Twenty Vicodin
"Twenty Vicodin" is the eighth season premiere episode of the American television medical drama series House and the 156th overall episode of the series  It aired on Fox on October 3, 2011  The episode introduces a new regular cast member to the series, Odette Annable, who plays Dr  Jessica Adams  Jaleel White, who played Steve Urkel on the ABC show Family Matters, makes a guest appearance in the episode  In the episode, the storyline picks up eleven months after the season seventh finale with House in prison 

Plot
Eight months after being imprisoned for driving his car into Cuddy's living room, House has five days before he is granted parole, to which he has become eligible due to space issues and relatively good behavior  He is faced with prison bullies, mainly their leader (Jude Ciccolella), who extorts him into paying them "twenty Vicodin" as "exit tax", and meets Jessica Adams (Odette Annable), a young prison doctor who becomes fascinated with his medical skills  When a fellow prisoner collapses due to mysterious symptoms, House races against the clock and the head prison doctor to find the cure   During his imprisonment period, House has not had any phone calls or visitors; as House explains, human contact is what brought him there to begin with   In the end, House cures the man, but not without punishment from the parole board 

Production
"Twenty Vicodin", the eighth season premiere of House, was written by Peter Blake  It debuted actress Odette Annable as Dr  Jessica Adams, a doctor working at the prison where Dr  House is incarcerated  David Shore stated that it was a challenge for him to appropriately punish House for the deed in the season 7 finale without turning the series into a prison show or changing House's characteristics (while changing the environment around him, i e  removing Cuddy and "chilling" his relationship with Wilson), and that is why he decided to pick up the story eight months after House's incarceration 

Reception
Critical reception
The episode was received with generally good reviews  The A V  Club initially gave this episode a B− rating  Anthony Ocasio of ScreenRant com gave the episode a positive review, stating "the House season 8 premiere presents a wonderfully crafted case study, penned by executive producer Peter Blake, on the man that is House, in which Hugh Laurie masterfully traverses a new environment filled with intriguing challenges and compelling characters " Joseph Oliveto from screencrave com gave the episode a very good review, awarding the episode 9/10  Oliveto commented that Twenty Vicodin was "A tense season-opener [that] assures us that “House” hasn’t lost the magic" 

Ratings
With 9 78 million viewers, "Twenty Vicodin" was the 8th most watched program of the night  This was a decrease of 0 76 million viewers from the season seven premiere, but an increase of 0 67 million from the season 7 finale  The episode was the 14th most watched program of the week for adults 18-49  The season premiere was the second most watched program of the week in Canada with 2 81 million viewers 
Passage 7:
Shawn Harrison (actor)
Shawn Harrison (born December 28, 1973) is an American actor best known for his role as Waldo Faldo, the dim-witted but lovable chef-in-training on the ABC sitcom Family Matters from 1990 to 1996 Before sixth grade, he appeared in seven commercials such as Fruity Pebbles and Burger King  In 1986, Harrison made an appearance in the Kidsongs video "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing" in the role of Mike  His mother died when he was 17 
Harrison has also made occasional appearances as the hairstylist Peaches on the UPN sitcom Girlfriends, and made several guest appearances on other series prior to that, including Moesha 
He provided the voice of Timber Wolf on the animated series Legion of Super Heroes, which premiered in fall 2006  He was also in an episode of Punky Brewster  He also played William K in two episodes The Ms  Pat Show 

Filmography
Film
Television
Passage 8:
Total Blackout
Total Blackout is an American game show airing on Syfy that features contestants that have to complete challenges such as: identifying things with either their hands, nose, or mouth; gathering items; or getting from point A to Point B while being totally in the dark (hence the name "Total Blackout")  The host of the show is Jaleel White, known for roles like Steve Urkel on the ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters, and Sonic the Hedgehog in three animated shows  Each episode has four players competing to win $5,000  On occasion, episodes will feature four teams of two  The player or team who either takes the longest to do a certain task or identifies the fewest items in the allowed time is eliminated at the end of each round  The show was renewed for a second season by SyFy that started on October 30, 2012  Season 1 and 2 are now available on iTunes 
The show is originally Danish and first aired in Denmark (created by Henrik Nielsen) on Kanal 5 in 2011, where Uffe Holm was host of the show  The show was later adapted to a U S version 

Episodes
Season 1 (2012)
Season 2 (2013)
Passage 9:
Jaleel White
Jaleel Ahmad White (born November 27, 1976) is an American actor  He is best known for his role as Steve Urkel on the sitcom Family Matters  The character was originally intended to be a one-time guest appearance on the show; however, he was an instant hit with audiences and White became a regular cast member  The series aired for a total of nine seasons, from 1989 to 1997 on ABC, mostly on its Friday night TGIF lineup, and from 1997 to 1998 on CBS, again on Friday nights, via their short-lived CBS Block Party attempt  White then reprised his role as Urkel for the first time in 21 years in the 2019 series Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? 
White is also the first actor to voice the popular Sega video game character Sonic the Hedgehog in animated media, doing so in Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic the Hedgehog (also known as Sonic SatAM) and Sonic Underground, all of which were produced by the now-defunct DIC Entertainment studio  He then reprised his role as Sonic in the 2013 Sonic fan film 
After Family Matters ended, White went on to star in the short-lived UPN comedy series Grown Ups (1999–2000)  White then took brief hiatus from acting to attend UCLA in Los Angeles, California, where he graduated in 2001, earning a degree in film and television  He returned to acting with supporting roles in Dreamgirls (2006), and cameo appearances on another ABC series, Boston Legal, Fox's House, ABC's Castle, and USA's Psych  In 2010, he portrayed Dr  McCormick in the sci-fi film Mega Shark Versus Crocosaurus  In March 2012, White was a contestant in season 14 of Dancing with the Stars before he was voted off in May of that year, leaving him with a 7th place finish overall  In April 2012, White hosted the Syfy game show Total Blackout  In January 2017, White appeared in Bones as Officer Adams  In 2020, White had a recurring role in the one season-long Netflix series The Big Show Show 

Early life
White was born in Culver City, California, the only child of Michael White, a dentist, and Gail White, who was a homemaker  His mother later became his manager  White attended John Marshall Fundamental High School in Pasadena, California, and South Pasadena High School before graduating from UCLA in 2001  On the advice of his preschool teacher, White began acting as a child  He got his start on TV commercials at age three  One of White's notable commercial appearances was for Jell-O pudding pops alongside Bill Cosby 

Career
After starting his career at the age of three, White's first television role was a guest stint on The Jeffersons, in 1984  He later auditioned for the role of Rudy Huxtable on The Cosby Show  According to White, he was cast in the role (the character was originally intended to be male) but was replaced by Keshia Knight Pulliam when Bill Cosby decided to mirror his television family after his real life family  The following year, he was cast as the son of Flip Wilson and Gladys Knight on the CBS sitcom Charlie and Company  The series was intended to be CBS' answer to the highly rated Cosby Show which debuted on NBC in 1984  Unlike The Cosby Show, Charlie and Company did not catch on with audiences and was canceled in May 1986  In 1987, he appeared in the pilot episode for Good Morning, Miss Bliss, and had a guest role on Mr  Belvedere  In 1988, White had a supporting role in Cadets, a sitcom starring Soleil Moon Frye  The pilot episode aired during a preview special on September 25, 1988, on ABC  The series, however, was not picked up by the network  Also during the 1980s, he appeared in a few segments of NBC's One to Grow On 
White had a role in the NBC television film Camp Cucamonga  The film features an ensemble cast including Sherman Hemsley, Jennifer Aniston, and Brian Robbins  Several other child actors of the era including Chad Allen, Candace Cameron, Danica McKellar, Josh Saviano, and Breckin Meyer also appear 

Family Matters
At the age of 12, White originated his most famous role, Steve Urkel, on Family Matters   The role was initially conceived as a one-time guest appearance, but the character proved to be popular and White was given a full-time starring role  He also played several other members of the Urkel family, including his alter ego Stefan Urquelle and Myrtle Urkel  During the height of Family Matters' popularity, the character of Urkel was marketed with breakfast cereal (Urkel-Os) and an Urkel doll  In addition to starring in the series, White also wrote several episodes, including one, at age 19, that was the series' highest rated for that year  The series was a staple of ABC's TGIF lineup and became one of the longest-running sitcoms with a predominantly black cast in television history In 1992, he was featured in The Jaleel White Special, in which he played a fictionalized version of himself making a film, while also playing Steve Urkel By the time the series ended in 1998, White, who was then 21 years old, was disillusioned with the role, and had been shaken by the death of his close friend and co-star Michelle Thomas from an aggressive form of stomach cancer  Shortly after the series' cancellation, he stated in a 1999 interview, "If you ever see me do that character again, take me out and put a bullet in my head and put me out of my misery " Due to the character's popularity, White was so tightly defined by his Urkel character that he encountered difficulty finding other roles In later years, White came to terms with the character  In a 2011 interview with Vanity Fair, he addressed the 1999 "bullet" quote stating, "It's one of those things that it's very unfortunate how quotes are taken out of context  I remember that interview very vividly  I loved playing those characters     But the fact is that I was maturing      To be honest, I was retarding my own growth as a man to maintain the authenticity to what I thought that character should be " When asked if he would ever reprise the Steve Urkel role, White said, "I'll always say never say never; I'm a pretty creative person  I can't envision how I could do it in a way that would be irreverent and fun for both me and the viewing audience" 

Other career highlights
White was the original English voice of the popular video game character Sonic the Hedgehog, having been cast in 1993 (pre-dating Martin Burke and Ryan Drummond)  He voiced the character in all of the DiC-produced animated series: Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic SatAM, and Sonic Underground, as well as the Christmas special, Sonic Christmas Blast  In Underground, White also voiced Sonic's brother and sister, Manic and Sonia  White did not return to voice Sonic when Sonic X was released in 2003 
In 1999, White returned to television in the UPN sitcom Grown Ups  The series was based around White as a young man striking out into adulthood  He also co-produced and wrote some episodes for the show, in which he starred as "J", a college graduate struggling to establish his role in life as an adult  The pilot episode featured another former child actor, Soleil Moon Frye, known for her role as Punky Brewster, as the girl whom he chose as a roommate  The show received poor reviews from critics but debuted in second place in the ratings upon its premiere  However, ratings soon dropped and UPN canceled the series after one season White's acting roles have not been restricted to sitcoms  He has provided his voice to several animated projects including Warner Bros ' 1998 film Quest for Camelot  In 1999, he provided the voice for a teenaged Martin Luther King Jr , in Our Friend, Martin 
In 2001, White graduated from UCLA with a degree in film and television  He has continued acting and has had small parts in the films Big Fat Liar (in a cameo role) and Dreamgirls, and was featured as the lead role in the direct-to-DVD comedy Who Made the Potatoe Salad? in 2006  In 2007, he guest-starred on the CW series The Game, followed by a role as a law school graduate interviewing for a job at Crane, Poole and Schmidt in the ABC legal drama Boston Legal In June 2009, White began appearing in the web series Road to the Altar  In the series, White stars as Simon, a 30-something black man marrying a young Jewish girl named Rochelle  In September 2009, White guest starred on the USA Network series Psych, as an estranged college singing buddy of the character Gus 
In June 2010, White starred in the web series Fake It Till You Make It  He also serves as writer and producer of the series  The series, which premiered on Hulu, follows the exploits of former child star Reggie Cullen (White) turned image consultant and his three protégés as they hustle to navigate Hollywood  In March 2011, White guest starred on the TBS sitcom Are We There Yet?, which reunited him with fellow Family Matters cast member Telma Hopkins  Later that same year, White appeared as the star in Cee-Lo Green's music video for his song "Cry Baby" In October 2011, White appeared in the season 8 premiere of House, titled "Twenty Vicodin", where he appears as a well-connected inmate, occasionally helping Hugh Laurie's character Gregory House to sneak contraband into the prison  In April 2012, White began hosting the Syfy game show Total Blackout In March 2012, White began competing on the 14th season of Dancing with the Stars  He was partnered with two-time dance champion Kym Johnson  In the opening night's performance, White and Johnson danced the Foxtrot to "The Way You Look Tonight"  They earned a total of 26 points out of 30  White was voted off the series in May 2012 In 2015, White appeared in a Scion commercial In 2017, it was announced that CBS picked up his single camera comedy series Me, Myself & I with Bobby Moynihan, that premiered in September 2017  After six episodes, it was pulled from the fall schedule, leaving seven episodes unaired, with the network airing the remaining episodes in the summer 

Personal life
White dated actress Christine Lakin from fellow TGIF show Step by Step in the early 90s 
White has one daughter, Samaya (born in 2009), with ex-girlfriend Bridget Hardy In 2021, White announced the launch of his ItsPurpl line of cannabis products featuring the Purple Urkle strain, set for debut on April 20 at California dispensaries White has a memorial set up in his home for his Family Matters co-star Michelle Thomas, who died in 1998 of stomach cancer, shortly after the series had wrapped  He has described Thomas as a 'big sister' who was, for a period of time in the early seasons of the show, his closest friend on set, and has stated that his childhood seemed to officially end with her death 

Filmography
Film
Television
Web
Awards and nominations



ground_truth: Jaleel Ahmad White

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Angelspit toured the United States with an American electronic music duo from Orlando, Florida, that formed in what year?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Knight's interest in pop and dance music influenced Mill's tastes, which contributed to the direction of the album  The track "It's Only" was distinguished by the duo as "the most mature growth [on the album]" due to its more unconventional production The album's name is a reference to the duo's appreciation of returning home after a long period of touring In Return was released a few weeks earlier than intended due to fan anticipation  On September 18, 2015, the deluxe edition of the album was released containing live and instrumental tracks from the standard edition album, in addition to the single "Light" featuring Little Dragon 

Critical reception
In Return received positive reviews from critics  David Jeffries from AllMusic gave the album a rating of 4 out of 5, calling the album a "humble crowd-pleaser" while praising its variety  Renowned for Sound's Angus Fitz-Bugden gave a rating of 4/5, complimenting the album's ambience and production 

Accolades
In Return was nominated for Top Dance/Electronic Album at the 2016 Billboard Music Awards  The RAC remix of "Say My Name" was also nominated for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards 

Commercial performance
In Return debuted at number 1 on the Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart, selling 6,000 album-equivalent units in the first week  The album also debuted and peaked at number 42 on the Billboard 200 

Track listing
Charts
Decade-end charts
Passage 6:
Angelspit
Angelspit is an electronic music band originally from Sydney, Australia, and currently based in Chicago, United States  The band was formed in 2004 by vocalists/synthesists Destroyx (Amelia Tan) and ZooG (Karl Learmont)  The band's music combines stylistic elements of horror, punk, pop and electronic music  Their work contains imagery revolving around medical experiments and grotesque societies  Angelspit has toured with Angel Theory, Ayria, Ikon, KMFDM, Tankt and The Crüxshadows, and have also shared the stage with bands such as The Sisters of Mercy, Nitzer Ebb, Skinny Puppy and Front Line Assembly  They performed with Lords of Acid during a 22-date U S  tour in March 2011 and toured the United States with Blood on the Dance Floor in October 2011 

History
Karl Learmont (ZooG) and Amelia Tan (Destroyx) met on an online zine forum  They shared an interest in zines and started the distro Vox Populis in 2002  They then started making zines for themselves which became the lyrical inspiration for releases to follow  Angelspit was formed in 2003, and the duo then self-released their debut EP, Nurse Grenade on 3 October 2004 
The band self-released their debut studio album, Krankhaus on 6 June 2006, and re-released it on 30 January 2007 with a bonus remix album, entitled Surgically Atoned, and in the US on Dancing Ferret Discs  The album featured remixes by Combichrist and Ego Likeness  A video for "Vena Cava" was released on 22 August 2007  The band toured Australia, the US and Europe where they lived in Berlin to record their second studio album, Blood Death Ivory 
The band released their second studio album, Blood Death Ivory on 11 June 2008  The album was written and recorded between 2006 and 2008  Again, the band continued to tour the new material around Europe and the USA  They released their debut remix album Black Kingdom Red Kingdom on 15 May 2009  Around this time the band began to produce "Blipverts", short video blogs and tutorials on various topics, including the production of the band's third studio album 
The band released their third studio album, Hideous and Perfect on 9 September 2009  A video for "Fuck the Revolution" was released on 28 September 2009  They released their second remix album Larva Pupa Tank Coffin on 10 October 2010  Larva Pupa Tank Coffin includes 4 brand new Angelspit tracks and remixes by the band themselves as well as other artists  A video for the remix of "Sleep Now" was released on 2 October 2010  They released their third remix album, Carbon Beauty on 8 March 2011  This new remix album contains 3 new tracks as well as 10 remixes of tracks from the Hideous and Perfect album  A video for "Toxic Girl" was released on 13 April 2011, and a video for "Like It? Lick It!" was released on 27 July 2011 
On 15 April 2011, Angelspit announced the addition of three new members: guitarist Valerie Gentile (Black Tape for a Blue Girl, The Crüxshadows), drummer Chris Kling (Hanzel und Gretyl, Mortiis) and videojammer The Liar  The new line-up of Angelspit released their fourth studio album, Hello My Name Is on 11 October 2011  Matt James replaced Chris Kling in early 2012, and former Crüxshadows guitarist George Bikos filled in for Valerie Gentile on the band's 2012 tour  On 23 March 2014, Angelspit announced DestroyX was taking time off to focus on her other projects and would be re-joining Angelspit on future recordings  She has now started a solo career under the name Amelia Arsenic 
Angelspit, now a four-piece led by ZooG (now known as Zoog Von Rock), has released two further albums - Cult of Fake in 2016 and Black Dog Bite in 2017 - while continuing to run their label Black Pill Red Pill  Zoog has also started a Patreon where he offers tips to aspiring musicians 

Band members
Current members
Zoog Von Rock (formerly ZooG) – vocals, programming (2003–present)
The Liar – video manipulation (2010–Present)
Matt Slegel – guitars, bass guitar (2017–present; live contributor: 2016)
Kitsu Noir – drums (2017–present)

Former members
Amelia Arsenic (formerly Destroyx) – vocals (2003–13)
Chris Kling – drums (2011–12; session musician: 2014)
Valerie Gentile – guitars, bass guitar (2011–2012)
George Bikos – guitars, bass guitar (2012–16; session musician: 2008, 2009, 2017)
Nick Delavega – programming, keyboards (2016; live contributor: 2015)
AJ Gapsevic – guitars, bass guitar (2016)
Lorelei – vocals (2016)

Live contributors
Peter Crane – keyboards (2007)
Roberto Massaglia – keyboards (2007)
John Von Ahlen – engineer (2007)
Matt James – drums (2012)
Miss Ballistic – vocals (2013; session musician: 2014)
Dita von Cheats – synthesizer (2013)

Session musicians
Graeme Charles Kent – guitars, bass guitar (2004–11, 2017)
Bradley R  Bills – drums (2014)
Alex Weaver – vocals (2014)

Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Remix albums
Extended plays
Singles
Video albums
Music videos
Passage 7:
Ammunition (Krewella EP)
Ammunition is the third extended play by American electronic dance music band Krewella  It was released on May 20, 2016 by Columbia Records on streaming and digital download music services  Ammunition was preceded by the release of the single "Beggars", on April 28, 2016, shortly followed by the promotional single "Broken Record", which was released on May 10, 2016  It is a six-track extended play, and the duo's first major release since the departure of former member Kris Trindl  It is also their first major release since their debut album Get Wet 

Background
Just over a year after the release of their debut album "Get Wet" in 2013, Kris Trindl publicly announced a lawsuit, suing them $5 million for against Yasmine and Jahan Yousaf claiming they kicked him out of Krewella to gain high profits after he sobered up out of his alcohol addiction  The sisters then followed up with a counter lawsuit which stated "While on stage, Kris would generally stand to the side of Jahan and Yasmine and pump his arms, while pretending to DJ; he was onstage primarily for the sake of image " "Because Kris did not know how to DJ, he only had two effect buttons " In August 2015 a settlement was reached, but the verdicts were not released to the public  The situation eventually led to Deadmau5 siding with Kris, causing Krewella to receive a large amount of internet hatred The band announced in 2015 that they had been working on a new extended play, intended to be completed in time for a 2016 tour  From that time out prior to the release there were many snippets of upcoming music including the songs "Broken Record", "Helter Skelter", "Beggars" (with Diskord), "Louder Than Bombs", "Friends", "Superstar" (which  featured Pegboard Nerds and NGHTMRE) and "Marchin On"  Only three of them made the final track listing, with "Superstar" later being released as a non-album single 
Before the liberation of the EP, two songs were released: "Say Goodbye" on November 24, 2014 and "Somewhere to Run" on March 25, 2015 respectively 

Singles
"Beggars" was released as the lead single from the EP on April 28, 2016, which featured electronic duo Diskord  The music video was released on the same day 

Promotional singles
"Broken Record" was teased before the release of the extended play on May 10, 2016  A music video was later released on June 8, 2016 as a part of their celebrations for the day in which the duo (at the time a trio) abandoned other studies to become full-time musicians 

Promotion
On April 29, 2016 Krewella released a 30-second video of Yasmine rapping to the tune of Kanye West's song "I Love Kanye" stating "F**k tomorrow, we'll show you the new Krewella" prior to the release of the single "Beggars" with Diskord  The music video for the song was released at the same time On the last few days before the release, teasers for "Surrender the Throne", "Marching On", "Beggars", "Broken Record", "Ammunition", and "Can't Forget You" were released, with the latter being released one day before Ammunition's release Krewella are going on a headline tour later in 2016, set to span across 16 dates in North America and Canada and will feature new music and their entire live band 

Commercial performance
On the week ending June 11, 2016 Ammunition reached no  2 on the Billboard Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart and sold 3,000 copies in its debut week  Its lead single, Beggars reached No 24 on the top Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart and No 33 on the Hot Dance/Electronic Song chart 

Track listing
Charts
Passage 8:
Streets of Gold
Streets of Gold is the third studio album by American electronic music duo 3OH!3  It was released on June 29, 2010 in the United States and July 19, 2010 in the United Kingdom  The album debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200, selling 41,000 copies in its first week  Upon its release, Streets of Gold received generally mixed reviews from most music critics 

Background
3OH!3 released a video for the song "House Party" on April 8 as a teaser for Streets of Gold  The group hired Andrew W K  to do a rock remix of "House Party", which was released virally on Friday April 16, 2010  3OH!3 had met Andrew W K  at a house party in Memphis, Tennessee  First single, "My First Kiss" was released on their website at 3:03 PM EST May 3  and digitally at midnight on May 4  On May 18, 2010, the song "Touchin' on My" was released exclusively on iTunes Store  3OH!3 planned to release a new song every other Tuesday up to the release of the album  "Déjà Vu" was released on June 1, and "Double Vision" was released on June 15  On June 8, the song "I Can Do Anything" was released to members only on the 3OH!3 website 
The song "I Know How To Say" was used in a trailer for the animated Disney film Mars Needs Moms  An excerpt from the instrumental version of the song can be heard on the official Mars Needs Moms website 

Critical reception
The album received mixed reviews from most music critics  At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 48, based on 11 reviews, which indicates "generally mixed or average reviews"  AllMusic writer David Jeffries noted "over-the-top performances" and stated "3OH!3 are nothing if not loud and shameless, so if you expect end-to-end excellence from their albums, you’ve got a lot to learn about cheap thrills"  Entertainment Weekly's Leah Greenblatt gave the album a C+ rating and wrote that "Streets of Gold's beats still sound garage-sale-Casio cheap, but the album yields several doofy, affable sing-alongs"  Jon Caramanica of The New York Times complimented its incorporation of hip hop, rock, and electro-pop styles and described it as "an oppressive and convincing wall of sounds"  Alternative Press gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and wrote that it "sweeps across a broad range of stylistic tones, maintaining levity while dabbling in comparably serious musical pursuits"  The Washington Post's Sean Fennessey called 3OH!3 "cheeky stylists with quips that frequently devolve into misogyny" and noted "little depth", but concluded "Still, this is a group that excels when no one is listening to what they're saying, only to how they sound, which is always committed and fearlessly grand" In contrast, BBC Online's Fraser McAlpine panned the album's lyrics and called it "dumb for sure, but no fun whatsoever"  Ben Weisz of MusicOMH gave it 2 out of 5 stars and stated "the lyrics are generally unimaginative, sacrificing any shred of credibility to chase the cheap rhyme"  Stacey Anderson of Spin criticized the songs' "witticisms" and noted "brutish synths and hammy bleats"  Giving it 1 out of 5 stars, Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone called it "grim stuff – a soundtrack for beer-pong tournaments" and panned its formula of "dopey electro rock bolstering 'raps' about drinking    and getting girls to 'touch on' their privates"  NME's Mark Beaumont gave the album a 0/10 rating and called 3OH!3 "electro-hip-pop white bread American scum", stating "If Streets Of Gold's lyrics are unlikely to bother the Nobel committee, musically 3OH!3 are a boyband pendulum: the threat of the latter tamed and glossed by the cash-hungry urge to be the former" 

Commercial performance
Streets of Gold debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 with 41,000 copies sold in its first week  The album has sold more than 100,000 copies in US 

Track listing
Personnel
Credits for Streets of Gold adapted from AllMusic 

Musicians
Production
Charts
Passage 9:
Harnessed the Storm
Harnessed the Storm is the second studio album by American electronic music duo Drexciya  It was released on Tresor in 2002  Designed as the first of seven conceptually linked albums that the duo produced over the course of a single year, it is the only one credited to Drexciya  Different aliases were used for the others 

Critical reception
Philip Downey of Exclaim! described Harnessed the Storm as "forward-looking, vocal-less, sci-fi stuff"  Andy Battaglia of The A V  Club felt that Drexciya "still creates some of the most visionary electro around", but concluded that the album's "Detroit-style formalism" sounds "too old-fashioned to sneak the future into the past" In 2010, Resident Advisor placed Harnessed the Storm at number 97 on its list of the "Top 100 Albums of the 2000s"  In 2017, Pitchfork placed it at number 11 on its list of "The 50 Best IDM Albums of All Time" 

Track listing
Passage 10:
White Noise (Disclosure song)
"White Noise" is a song by British electronic music duo Disclosure, featuring vocals from electronic music duo AlunaGeorge  It was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 1 February 2013  The song peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart  The track is the second single from the duo's debut studio album, Settle (2013)  The song was written by Howard Lawrence, Guy Lawrence, Aluna Francis, George Reid and James Napier 

Reception
Critical reception
The track was met with very positive reviews upon its release  Pitchfork labeled it "Best New Music"  Robert Copsey of Digital Spy gave the song a positive review stating:

For their latest track 'White Noise' they've hooked up with trendy newbies AlunaGeorge – a savvy collaboration that's been carefully timed following their shared domination of last month's ones-to-watch lists  That's not to say it sounds forced; Disclosure's humming bassline, swirling synths and addictive clubby beeps are perfectly tailored to Aluna's pitched vocal  The result strikes a rarely-heard balance between hipster-friendly and potential chart-dominator   

Freddie Holmes of The Underclassed gave the track a mixed review, stating that "It's a great track nonetheless, especially to someone that hasn't heard any of either group's previous material, but my superfan standpoint has rendered me to be overly critical" Billboard named it the eighth greatest song of 2013  The website wrote about the song, "In a year in which Disclosure and AlunaGeorge watched their audiences and cultural cache grow exponentially, the two duos' wiry, icy-cool collaboration represented a high point for each" 

Commercial performance
The song entered at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart  The following week, it climbed 26 places to number two on the chart, beaten to the top by "Thrift Shop" by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, featuring Wanz 

Live performances
At the 2014 BRIT Awards, Disclosure and Lorde performed an electro version of Lorde's song "Royals", which transitioned into "White Noise", for which AlunaGeorge appeared on stage  The "Royals/White Noise" performance was released at iTunes Stores by the BRIT Awards on 19 February 2014; proceeds from its sales went to the charity War Child 

Music video
The song's music video has a security guard and he starts in an abandoned warehouse 

Track listings
Digital download"White Noise" (featuring AlunaGeorge) – 5:40BRITs performance digital download"Royals / White Noise" – 4:59

Charts and certifications
Release history



ground_truth: 2006