prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Did Qionghai or Suining  have a population of 658,798 in 2002? 

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Qionghai
Qionghai, or in local Hainanese dialect as Kheng Hai, is one of the seven county-level cities of Hainan province, China  Although called a "city", Qionghai refers to a large land area in Hainan - an area which was once a county  Within this area is the main city, Qionghai City  It is located in the east of the island at the mouth of the Wanquan River, 86 kilometres (53 mi) from the provincial capital of Haikou  It has an area of 1,692 square kilometres (653 sq mi) and in 2010, it had a population of 483,217 people 
The seat of government is at Jiaji (simplified Chinese: 嘉积镇; traditional Chinese: 嘉積鎮; pinyin: Jiājī Zhèn), locally referred to as Kachek city  Bo'ao, seat of the Boao Forum for Asia, belongs to Qionghai 
The former counties of Qiongdong (postal: Kiungtung) and Lehui (樂㑹, postal: Lokwei) are now part of Qionghai City 

Climate
Qionghai has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am)  Monsoonal influences are strong, with a relatively lengthy wet season and a pronounced dry season (January to March)  Rainfall is heaviest and most frequent from August to October, when typhoons may strike, and is otherwise still common throughout the year, averaging an annual total of 2,100 mm (83 in); there are 9 3 days with 50 mm (1 97 in) or more of rain  Humidity is consistently very high, with an average relative humidity of 85 8%  With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 31% in February to 62% in July, the city receives 1913 hours of bright sunshine annually; the city receives about only a third of possible sunshine from December thru February, while May thru July is the sunniest time of year 

Administrative divisions
Qionghai is divided into 12 towns:

Other
The most famous dish of Qionghai is called Kazek Duck 
Qionghai is served by Qionghai Bo'ao Airport 

Notable people
Lee Chiaw Meng, served in Prime minister Lee Kuan Yew's cabinet as Minister of Education, Minister of Science and Technology and Member of Parliament 
Patrick Lee, Billionaire Business entrepreneur magnate and the founder of Lee & Man Paper 
Pang Chin Hin (冯振轩), entrepreneur, chairman and founder of the well-known food manufacturing company Mamee Double-Decker (M) Sdn Bhd 
Pang Lim (庞琳), entrepreneur and community figure who founded and currently chairs the Koufu Group Ltd, an F&B establishment operators 
Wee Meng Chee, rapper, singer-songwriter and filmmaker 

See also
List of administrative divisions of Hainan
Passage 2:
Daying County
Daying County (simplified Chinese: 大英县; traditional Chinese: 大英縣; pinyin: Dàyīng Xiàn) is a county of Sichuan province, China, under the administration of Suining City and in the central part of the Sichuan Basin  In 2002, it had a population of 520,000 residing in an area of 703 km2 (271 sq mi) 

Tourist attractions
Daying is the home of the "Chinese Dead Sea", a tourist attraction that is based on a salt lake with nine times the salinity of the ocean and which constitutes the largest indoor water park in China 
A stationary replica of the Titanic is under construction in Daying County as well 

Transportation
The G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway and Dazhou–Chengdu Railway (达成铁路) traverses east–west through the entire length of the county 
The county is served by the Daying East Station (大英东站) on the Suining–Chengdu Railway 
Passage 3:
Suining
Suining (simplified Chinese: 遂宁; traditional Chinese: 遂寧; Sichuanese Pinyin: Xu4nin2; Sichuanese pronunciation: [ɕy˨˦nin˨˩]; pinyin: Sùiníng; Wade–Giles: Sui-ning) is a prefecture-level city of eastern Sichuan province in Southwest China  In 2002, Suining had a population of 658,798 

Geography and climate
Suining is located in the center of the Sichuan Basin and on the central reaches of the Fu River, bordering Chongqing, Guang'an and Nanchong to the east, Neijiang and Ziyang to the south, the provincial capital of Chengdu to the west, and Deyang and Mianyang to the north  Its prefecture, or administrative, area ranges in latitude from 30° 10' 50" to 31° 10' 50" N, or 108 9 kilometres (67 7 mi) and in longitude from 105° 03' 26" to 106° 59' 49" E, or 90 3 kilometres (56 1 mi)  While much of the prefecture is mountainous, the urban area itself, which occupies 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi), is located on flat land 
Suining has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and is largely mild and humid, with four distinct seasons  Winter is short, mild, and foggy, though actual precipitation is low  January averages 6 6 °C (43 9 °F), and while frost may occur, snow is rare  Summers are long, hot and humid, with the daily average in July and August around 27 °C (81 °F), with August being slightly warmer  Rainfall is light in winter and can be heavy in summer, and 75% of the annual total occurs from May to September 

Places of interest
According to local legend, Suining is the Hometown of Guanyin and her sisters  A folk song declares that one resides at Lingquan Temple, another at Guangde Temple, while only the third sister is afar, in the Putuo Mountains of Southern China There exists Lingquan Temple, Guangde Temple, and the Dead Sea, which are regarded as the 4A scenic zone  And there is also a Celadon Museum of Sichuan, which is referred to as a 3A scenic zone 
The percentage of land-covered forests of Suining is approximately 34%, it's the first Provincial Environmental Protection City in Sichuan  The 30,000-capacity Suining Sports Centre Stadium is located in the city  The stadium opened in 2014 and it is used mostly for football matches 

Administrative divisions
Transport
Highway
China National Highway 318

Rail
Suining is the junction for the Dazhou–Chengdu and Suining–Chongqing Railways, which collective form the westernmost section of the Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway 

Well-known inhabitants
Chen Zi'ang, Tang dynasty poet (661-702), was a native of the Suining area 
Chen Wei, a pro-democracy activist born in 1969 who has been arrested in February 2011 and sentenced for 9-years in prison on December 23, 2011 for "inciting subversion of state power" by the Suining intermediate people's court 
Liu Xianbin, a pro-democracy activist born in 1968 who has been arrested in June 2010 and sentenced for 10-years in prison for inciting subversion of state power 
Li Bifeng, a pro-democracy activist and friend of Liao Yiwu who is facing 5-years prison for "economic crimes" 
Ju Jingyi, a well-known Chinese singer and actress  She rose to fame as a member of Chinese idol girl group SNH48 and was part of Team NII until her graduation in December 2017 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Qingsheng Railway Station
Qingsheng railway station (Chinese: 庆盛站) is a station in located in Qingsheng Village (庆盛村), Dongchong Town, Nansha District, Guangzhou  It is one of the stations on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link between Guangzhou South railway station in Panyu District, Guangzhou and Futian railway station in Futian District, Shenzhen 

Guangzhou Metro
An elevated metro station on Line 4 of the Guangzhou Metro started operation on 28 December 2017 

Services
China Railway
Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link

Guangzhou Metro
Line 4 (Guangzhou Metro)
Passage 2:
Pingxiang, Guangxi
Pingxiang (凭祥市) is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chongzuo, in the southwest of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China 

Situation
The city covers an area of 650 km2 (250 sq mi)  It is bordered in the north by Longzhou County and in the east by Ningming County, both in Chongzuo, and in the south and west by Vietnam's Lạng Sơn Province 
National Route 322 comes through the city centre, as does the railway which continues on to Hanoi; a high-speed expressway, now also international, passes nearby 
Zhennan Pass, site of the Battle of Bang Bo during the Sino-French War, is now named the "Friendship Pass" and is considered the gateway to Vietnam 
There are also plans to build a high-speed railway from Nanning to the Vietnamese border 

Administration
Demographics
Pingxiang has a population of approximately 106,400 (83 5% of the people belong to the Zhuang ethnic group, 2010)  Ethnic groups include Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Jing, and others 

Towns (Chinese: 镇, zhen)
Pingxiang (Chinese: 凭祥)
Shangshi (Chinese: 上石)
Xiashi (Chinese: 夏石)
Youyi (Chinese: 友谊)

Transportation
Rail
Hunan–Guangxi Railway

Climate
See also
Lang Son


== Notes and references ==
Passage 3:
G7211 Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway
The Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway (Chinese: 南宁—友谊关高速公路), commonly referred to as the Nanyou Expressway (Chinese: 南友高速公路), is a 225 06-kilometre-long expressway (139 85 mi) in the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi that connects the city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, and Friendship Pass, known in Chinese as Youyiguan, a border crossing between China and Vietnam  The Friendship Pass is located in the county-level city of Pingxiang, under the administration of the city of Chongzuo  At the border, the expressway connects with North–South expressway in Vietnam  The expressway is designated G7211, and opened on 28 December 2005 The expressway is a spur of G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway  The Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway branches off from its primary expressway, G72, just before the western terminus of G72 in Nanning  The entire route is also part of Asian Highway 1 
Along with the G7511 Qinzhou–Dongxing Expressway and G8011 Kaiyuan–Hekou Expressway, it is one of the three expressways that connect China with Vietnam 

Route
Nanning City Center
The Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway begins east of the city centre of Nanning, at the San'an Interchange in Qingxiu District  At this interchange, it connects to the G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway, its parent expressway, as well as the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway, the G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway, and the G80 Guangzhou–Kunming Expressway  It proceeds south, in a concurrency with the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway and G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway, to the Liangqing South interchange in Liangqing District, passing through Yongning District on the way  At this three way interchange, the Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway and Nanning Ring Expressway continue westward while the G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway branches off to the south 
The concurrency with the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway continues until the Gaoling Interchange in Jiangnan District, south of the city centre of Nanning, where the Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway proceeds southward, away from the city centre, while the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway continues westward 
This section of expressway forms the southeastern part of a ring expressway around the city centre of Nanning  The orbital expressway is designated G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway  Hence, the G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway is concurrent with the Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway for this entire length, and in addition, the two expressways share exit numbers during the concurrency 

Nanning Airport Expressway
The 18 443-kilometre-long section of the Nanning–Youyiguan expressway (11 460 mi) south of the Gaoling interchange is known as the Nanning Airport Expressway  This section first opened in October 2000, and is so named because it connects the city centre with Nanning's international airport, Nanning Wuxu International Airport  As this section was built prior to the other sections, it uses different exit numbers than those employed on the rest of the expressway (in which kilometre zero is at the San'an interchange)  Instead, the exit numbers reset, with the Gaoling interchange serving as kilometre zero for this section This section of expressway is toll-free  Just south of the Gaoling interchange, all motorists must stop at a toll booth  Immediately after the toll booth, the Nahong exit provides access to and from the city centre of Nanning from the south 
The Nanning Airport Expressway section of the Nanning–Youyiguan expressway traverses through Jiangnan District in a southwesterly manner, ending at the Wuxu exit, where it connects to Airport Road and Nanning Wuxu International Airport 

Wuxu to Youyiguan
The final section of expressway, from the Wuxu exit to the Vietnam border, is 180 063 kilometres (111 886 mi) in length  This section of expressway is tolled from the Wuxu exit to the Pingxiang exit  West of the Wuxu exit, motorists must stop at a toll booth 
The expressway enters the prefecture-level city of Chongzuo immediately after the Suxu exit  At the Yuanjing exit, the Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway connects with the S60 Qinzhou–Chongzuo Expressway to the east  This exit opened along with the opening of the Qinzhou–Chongzhou expressway on 31 December 2012 The expressway passes just south of the city centre of Chongzuo, before continuing west to the county-level city of Pingxiang  The section of expressway between the Wuxu and Chongzuo exits has a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph)  The speed limit between the Chongzuo and Ningming exits, just before Pingxiang, is 80 km/h (50 mph), and between Ningming and Youyiguan is 60 km/h (37 mph)  The section between Ningming County and Youyiguan parallels much of China National Highway 322 and the Hunan–Guangxi Railway 
Entering Pingxiang, motorists must stop at a toll booth, marking the end of the tolled stretch of expressway  Immediately after the toll-booth is an at-grade intersection with China National Highway 322 and Jinxiang Avenue, the only at-grade intersection on the expressway  The expressway makes a sharp turn southward toward the Vietnam border and its southwestern terminus at Youyiguan  At Youyiguan, individuals must pass through the border checkpoint before entering Vietnam  On the Vietnamese side of Youyiguan is the northern terminus of North–South Expressway 

Exit List
Passage 4:
Guandong, Guangxi
Guandong (Chinese: 官垌) is a Chinese town located Northeastern Pubei, Qinzhou, Guangxi, which is famous for Guandong Fish 
Passage 5:
Tonghe Station
Tonghe Station (Chinese: 同和站; pinyin: Tónghé Zhàn; Jyutping: tung4wo4 zaam6) is a metro station on Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro  The underground station is located at the intersection of Guangzhou Avenue (广州大道) and Tongsha Road (同沙路) in the Baiyun District of Guangzhou  It started operation on 30 October 2010 
Passage 6:
Kaiping
Kaiping (Chinese: 开平), alternately romanized in Cantonese as Hoiping, is a county-level city in Guangdong Province, China  It is located ín the western section of the Pearl River Delta and administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen  The surrounding area, especially Sze Yup (Chinese: 四邑), is the ancestral homeland of many overseas Chinese, particularly in the United States   Kaiping has a population of 688,242 as of 2017 and an area of 1,659 square kilometres (641 sq mi)  The locals speak a variant of the Sze Yup dialect 

History
During the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), Kaiping was under the administration of Xin'an county (信安縣)
Under the Qing (1649), Hoiping County made up part of the commandery of Shiuhing (Zhaoqing)  It was promoted to county-level city status in 1993 

Administration
Administratively, Kaiping is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen 

Geography
Kaiping's city centre is located on the Tanjiang River, 140 kilometres (87 mi) away from Guangzhou, on the edge of the county Kaiping west of the Pearl River Delta  Kaiping consists of broken terrain, mostly either rocky or swampy, with only a third of the land arable   The county is shaped like a giant question mark (see map, in pink) and includes rural areas as well as three port cities: Changsha, Xinchang, and Dihai 

Notable people
Wing-tsit Chan: Chinese American scholar
Ed Chau: member of the California State Assembly
George Chow: member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
Yun Gee: Chinese American artist
Víctor Joy Way: Chinese Peruvian politician
Betty Kwan Chinn: Chinese American philanthropist
Lee Quo-wei (1918–2013): former Hong Kong banker
Liang Xiang: former Governor of Hainan
Betty Ong: American flight attendant aboard American Airlines Flight 11
Jean Quan: former mayor of Oakland, California
Bing Thom: Chinese Canadian architect and urban designer
Szeto Wah (1931–2011):  Hong Kong politicianSzutu, Chiu: scholar, his publishing included inter generation of Chinese new zealanders,the biography of architecet Ron FongDelbert E  Wong: Los Angeles County jurist who was the first judge in the continental United States of Chinese descent
Ken Hom: Chinese-American chef, BBC TV presenter, and author

Sights
Kaiping Diaolou
Kaiping Diaolous (碉楼) are fortified multi-storey towers constructed in the village countryside of mainly the Kaiping area   They were built from the early Qing Dynasty to the early 20th century, reaching a peak in the 1920s and 1930s, with the financial aid of overseas Chinese, when there were more than three thousand of these structures  Today, 1,833 diaolou are still standing, with the most in the towns of Shuikou (水口镇), Tangkou (塘口镇), Baihe (百合镇), Chikan (赤坎镇), and Xiangang (蚬冈镇), in that order (see map in article by Batto) In the late 19th and early 20th century, Kaiping was a region of major emigration abroad, and a melting pot of ideas and trends brought back by overseas Chinese, Huaqiao, made good   As a consequence, many watchtowers incorporated architectural features from China and the West   These were examples of the Qiaoxiang (僑鄉) architecture   The diaolou were built by villagers during a time of chaos and served two purposes: housing and protecting against forays by bandits In 2007, the Kaiping diaolou and villages were added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and consist of four separate restored village areas: Zilicun village (自力村) in Tangkou, Sanmenli village (三门里) in Chikan, Jinjiangli village (锦江里) in Xiangang, and Majianglong village cluster (马降龙村落群) in Baihe township The Kaiping diaolou was the location for parts of the filming of 2010 movie Let the Bullets Fly (让子弹飞) 

		
		
		
Examples of diaolous include:

Yinglonglou (迎龙楼), oldest extant diaolou in Kaiping, in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township) built by the Guan (关族) lineage during the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty (1522-1566), is a massive three-storey fortress with one-meter thick walls, in contrast with the high tower diaolou built much later with the aid of Huaqiao 
Jinjiangli Diaolou Cluster (锦江里雕楼群), situated behind Jinjiangli Village (Xiangang Township), includes three exquisite diaolous: Ruishi Lou, Shengfeng Lou, and Jinjiang Lou  Ruishi Diaolou, constructed in 1921, has nine floors and is the tallest diaolou in Kaiping  It features a Byzantine style roof and a Roman dome 
The Majianglong diaolou cluster (马降龙雕楼群) is spread across five villages (Baihe township) in a bamboo forest: Yong'an and Nan'an Villages of the Huang (黄) family; Hedong, Qinglin, and Longjiang Villages of the Guan (关) family 
Zilicun Diaolou Cluster (自力村雕楼群), located in Zilicun Village (Tangkou township), includes nine diaolous, the largest number among the four Kaiping villages designated by UNESCO  They feature the fusion of Chinese and various Western architectural styles and rise up surrealistically over the rice paddy fields 
Fangshi Denglou - Built in 1920 after contributions from villagers, this denglou is five storeys high  It is referred to as the "Light Tower" because it had an enormous searchlight as bright as the beam of a lighthouse 
Li Garden, in Beiyi Xiang, was constructed in 1936 by Mr  Xie Weili, a Chinese emigrant to the United States
Context 3: Passage 1:
Phil Stamp
Philip Lawrence Stamp (born 12 December 1975) is an English former footballer, best known for his time with Middlesbrough and Heart of Midlothian  He made his first-team league debut for Middlesbrough on 10 October 1993, at the age of 17, in a 2–0 defeat to Watford  He started for Middlesbrough in the 1997 FA Cup Final defeat to Chelsea  After Middlesbrough he played for Heart of Midlothian and Darlington, scoring a superb free kick for the latter against Shrewsbury Town  and including a match against Notts County when he played in goal for the second half 
Passage 2:
St Albans RFC
St Albans Rugby Club is a rugby union club based in St Albans, South-east England  The 1st XV currently plays in London NW3 following promotion from Herts/Middlesex1 at the end of the 2019-20 season 

History
The club was formed in 1970 by their first chairman, Peter Baines  The club formed as an open rugby club with many players joining from the old Electrical Apparatus Company (EAC) rugby club which played off New Barnes Avenue 
Initially the club used changing rooms at Westminster Lodge and a rented pitch situated just above the hypocaust in Verulamium Park  The North Western PH (now a block of flats) on the corner of Prospect Road and Holywell Hill provided a club room and meals on match days  In 1976 the club acquired the short term lease from St Albans School for a pitch and  clubhouse off Belmont Hill 
1983 saw the club move to their current ground at Boggymead Springs, off Oaklands Lane, at Smallford, obtained on a long term lease from Hertfordshire CC  The clubhouse was officially opened by the England scrum half, Dickie Jeeps, in October that year 

Other sports
St Albans RFC also hosts Ultimate Frisbee with St Alban Ultimate and recently the Hertfordshire Cheetahs American football team who play in the BAFA National Leagues Division 2 East 

Playing level
The club currently plays in London North West 3  In 2012 the 1st XV won the Herts Presidents' Tankard for the 2nd time and for a 3rd time in 2019  “Saints” are again finalists in 2020  The club also fields 2nd and 3rd XV sides which compete in the local Herts/Middlesex League (HMMT) Merit Tables St Albans RFC welcomes players of all abilities, as well as social members 

Twickenham appearance
In 1995 the club qualified from over 500 junior clubs to reach the final of the Pilkington Shield at Twickenham, where they played and lost to Bedford Queens 11-10 immediately prior to the Wasps v Bath Pilkington Cup Final  The club qualified to enter the Pilkington Cup itself a few years later, through reaching the Hertfordshire President’s Cup final 

Club honours
1st team

Hertfordshire 1 champions: 1993–94
London Division 3 North West champions: 2004–05
Hertfordshire Presidents' Tankard winners (3): 2010, 2012, 20192nd XV'

Herts and Middlesex Merit Table 6 champions: 2016–17
Herts and Middlesex Merit Table 6 Plate champions: 2016–17
Herts and Middlesex Merit Table 4 champions: 2019–20
Passage 3:
Adam Johnson (footballer)
Adam Johnson (born 14 July 1987) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger  A product of the Middlesbrough youth academy, he came to prominence after making his debut aged 17 in a UEFA Cup match  He made 120 appearances for Middlesbrough, also spending time on loan at Leeds United and Watford 
In February 2010, Johnson moved to Manchester City, where he won the FA Cup in 2011 and the Premier League the following season  He was signed by his hometown club Sunderland for £10 million in 2012  Johnson played at various levels for England, earning 12 caps at senior level 
In March 2015, Johnson was arrested and charged over sexual activity with a 15-year-old girl, with England's age of consent being 16  Johnson continued to play for Sunderland during his bail  The following February, he pleaded guilty to two charges against him, the other being one of child grooming, and was subsequently sacked by Sunderland  In March 2016, Johnson was found guilty of sexual activity with a child and sentenced to six years in prison  He was released in 2019 after serving half his sentence 

Early life
Johnson was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, and brought up in Easington, County Durham, in North East England  He played for Cleveland Juniors Football Club and attended Easington Community Science College  Upon seeing Johnson score two goals at a Wembley Stadium seven-a-side school match, Johnny Haynes told Johnson he was "a great little player" with "a lovely left foot" 

Club career
Middlesbrough
Early career
At the age of 12, Johnson was taken in by Middlesbrough's youth academy, having previously attended Newcastle United's Centre of Excellence between 1995 and 1997  He and his Boro teammates David Wheater, Tony McMahon and Andrew Taylor were part of the squad that won the 2003–04 FA Youth Cup He made his senior début aged 17 on 17 March 2005 in the UEFA Cup in the 1–0 defeat away to Sporting CP which saw the club eliminated 4–2 on aggregate in the last 16, replacing Doriva for the last 11 minutes  Almost six months later, on 10 September, he made his Premier League debut, and first senior start, deputising for the injured fellow academy product Stewart Downing in a 2–1 home win against Arsenal  For much of the first half of the 2005–06 season, he was on the bench as an unused substitute, mainly in the UEFA Cup matches  He made his second start in the competition against Litex Lovech on 15 December and set up Massimo Maccarone's first goal in a 2–0 win  For the rest of the season, he remained in the team's matchday squads, albeit as Downing's deputy or an unused substitute Johnson's first goal for Middlesbrough came in a midweek Premier League match away to Bolton Wanderers on 3 May 2006, opening the scoring in a 1–1 draw with "a mazy run from the left flank before curling in a deflected shot"  He was playing due to Middlesbrough's involvement in the 2006 UEFA Cup Final, which was to be played a week later as Steve McClaren rested most of the first team squad  On 30 June 2006, he signed a new four-year contract extension 

Loans to Leeds United and Watford
On 16 October 2006, he joined Leeds United on a month-long loan after being signed by Leeds' caretaker manager John Carver, but with Leeds struggling in the Championship, it was hard for Johnson to impress despite getting the man of the match award on his debut  After playing four matches during his month-long loan spell, Johnson returned to Middlesbrough as Leeds chose not to extend his loan  Later on in the season, he came on as a substitute in the FA Cup replay with Bristol City and played a vital role in seeing Middlesbrough through to the next round by setting up one goal and scoring the winning penalty in the shootout In September 2007, Johnson joined Championship club Watford on a three-month loan  He played 12 matches for the club, scoring five times, before being recalled to Middlesbrough earlier than stipulated in the deal following some brilliant performances  Coincidentally, Watford's form dipped after his departure 

Return to Middlesbrough
In the final match of the season, he scored an 18-yard (16-metre) strike from a loose ball just minutes after coming on as a substitute in Boro's 8–1 victory over Manchester City  In the 2008–09 season, he managed to make 32 appearances, half of those as substitutes as Downing was first choice  He managed to start most of the fixtures near the end of the season when Downing was ruled out with a long-term injury Johnson became an important part of Boro's Championship team for the 2009–10 season following Downing's transfer to Aston Villa, scoring three of Boro's five goals in the first three matches  He led the Boro scoring charts, with eight goals, for the entire first half of the season despite being a winger, which led to new manager Gordon Strachan expressing his concern about overrelying on Johnson for goals  In the 18 August match at Scunthorpe United, he missed a penalty awarded for a foul on Rhys Williams and scored another after being tripped by the Scunthorpe goalkeeper in the penalty box when both went for the rebound After a bright start to the season, the highly rated youngster became a subject of transfer rumours, but the Boro management insisted that he would not be sold  He chose not to extend his contract, however, which was to end after the 2009–10 season  On 13 December, he was substituted for Marvin Emnes after picking up a hamstring injury in the 1–0 home loss to Cardiff City but returned to score a penalty against Scunthorpe in a 3–0 win, thus taking his goal tally into double figures  He scored a brace for the third time in the season when he turned in a man of the match performance against Doncaster Rovers on 26 January to end Boro's winless away streak stretching back to October In recognition of his consistent performances, Johnson was voted for the North East Football Writers' Young Player of the Year award, joining a string of Boro players to do so 

Manchester City
When the winter transfer window opened, Johnson was again the subject of transfer speculation and Middlesbrough reportedly received a bid from Manchester City  Interest from Manchester City was heightened after Adam Johnson played City weeks earlier in an FA Cup third round  Although Johnson had to go off injured in the first half, he was arguably the best player on the pitch during his 30-minute spell  On 1 February 2010, City signed him for an undisclosed fee, rumoured to be in the region of £7 million, on a four-and-a-half-year contract Johnson made his first appearance for the club on 6 February, coming on as substitute for Stephen Ireland against Hull City  Three days later, he made his first start against Bolton Wanderers on the right side of a three-man attack alongside Carlos Tevez and Emmanuel Adebayor, finishing as the man of the match  Johnson scored his first goal against Sunderland; he curled a left footed effort into the top corner one and a half minutes into injury time to secure a last-gasp 1–1 draw  His performance, which earned the man of the match award, led England manager Fabio Capello to publicly praise him and consider him for selection On New Year's Day, he scored the winner in the 1–0 win against Blackpool, dedicating his goal to Dale Roberts, his friend and Rushden & Diamonds goalkeeper who committed suicide on 14 December 2010  He ended the season with his first senior trophy of his career, the 2011 FA Cup, coming on as a substitute in the final After scoring in two 3–0 wins against Inter Milan and League of Ireland XI in the pre-season Dublin Super Cup, he started in Manchester City's first Premier League match of the season against Swansea City, getting an assist as his shot was saved by Michel Vorm and the rebound scored by Edin Džeko  City went on to win the match 4–0  He scored his first goal of the season during a 4–0 win against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park, curling a shot into the top corner to make the score 1–0 at the time  He followed it up with a goal in the next match against Aston Villa, with the match finishing 4–1 to City  On 26 October 2011, he scored and got an assist in a 5–2 League Cup win against Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux  Three days later, he again scored against Wolves, this time in a 3–1 home league win  In the next round, he assisted the only goal of the match, playing a through-ball for Sergio Agüero to score, in a 1–0 win away to Arsenal  He came on as a late sub in a 5–1 home win over Norwich City and scored his fifth goal of the season  His sixth goal of the season came in a 3–0 win against Stoke City on 21 December  On 14 April, he scored in a 6–1 win against Norwich at Carrow Road  He ended that season with 26 league appearances as Manchester City won the 2011–12 Premier League in dramatic circumstances on the last day of the season 

Sunderland
On 24 August 2012, his hometown team Sunderland signed Johnson on a four-year-contract for £10 million  Sunderland manager Martin O'Neill said "Adding quality players to the squad has been our main aim this summer and Adam certainly fits that bill  He has terrific ability, great delivery and I'm sure he is a player who will excite the fans  I couldn't be more delighted to have him at the club " On 28 August, Johnson made his first appearance for Sunderland in a 2–0 win over League Two team Morecambe in the League Cup second round, assisting both goals at the Stadium of Light  He scored his first goal for the club on 10 November, opening the scoring in a 1–2 defeat away to Everton  He scored the only goal of a win over former club Manchester City at home on 26 December  In April 2013, against Sunderland's fierce rivals Newcastle at St James' Park, Johnson's picked up the ball on Sunderland's right and cut inside before sending a curling effort past Newcastle goalkeeper Rob Elliot with his left foot to score Johnson's first goal of the 2013–14 season came in the League Cup against Milton Keynes Dons after a run from his own half, as Sunderland scored four goals in 12 minutes to win 4–2  However, his form suffered as Sunderland struggled to one point from the first eight matches, a run that cost manager Paolo Di Canio his job  Johnson's next goal came in a 2–1 home defeat to Tottenham on 7 December After losing his place in the starting line up, the FA Cup third round match with Carlisle United marked a turning point in Johnson's fortunes as he scored a free kick and played a part in both other goals in Sunderland's 3–1 win  Two days later, Johnson was brought on as a substitute in the League Cup semi-final first leg against Manchester United, and won a penalty after being fouled by Tom Cleverley, which Fabio Borini scored to give Sunderland a 2–1 advantage going into the second leg  Manager Gus Poyet praised Johnson's contribution as 'outstanding'  On 11 January 2014, he scored his first career hat-trick and assisted Ki Sung-Yueng, inspiring Sunderland to a 4–1 away win against Fulham which lifted them off the bottom of the table  He was the Premier League Player of the Month for January 2014  On 2 March in the League Cup Final against Manchester City, he assisted Borini for the opening goal in the tenth minute, but Sunderland lost 1–3 

His first goal of the 2014–15 season came on 27 August in the League Cup against Birmingham City, where he scored the second goal in a 3–0 win  His first league goal of the season came on 13 September, where he scored a solo effort in a 2–2 draw with Tottenham Hotspur at the Stadium of Light  On 21 December he scored a 90th-minute winning goal away to Newcastle, securing Sunderland's 4th consecutive win over their local rivals, and his third goal in three seasons against the club  Five days later, Johnson opened the scoring after just 30 seconds against Hull City, but was unable to help the team avoid defeat as they went on to lose 1–3  He scored his fifth goal of the season on New Years Day 2015, scoring from a penalty to make the score 2–2 against Manchester City, although Sunderland would go on to lose the match 3–2 He was immediately suspended by Sunderland on 2 March 2015 after his arrest on suspicion of having sexual activity with a 15-year-old girl,  His suspension lasted for 2 matches under manager Gus Poyet; following Poyet's sacking and the appointment of new manager Dick Advocaat on 17 March, Johnson returned to the club on 18 March and played in the next game on 21 March  Despite Johnson later being charged with three offences, Sunderland continued to select him while he initially pleaded not guilty to all charges  During Johnson's trial, he claimed that he admitted to Sunderland in May 2015 that he had kissed the girl and sent her sexually explicit messages Having played the first match of the new season, Johnson picked up an injury in August 2015, putting him out for two months  On 25 October, he scored a penalty in the Tyne–Wear derby, opening the scoring before half time in an eventual 3–0 win  Johnson played what would be his last match for Sunderland on 6 February 2016, the weekend before the start of his trial, scoring one of Sunderland's goals in a 2–2 draw with Liverpool  Five days later Johnson had his contract terminated after he pleaded guilty to sexual activity with a child under the age of 16 and grooming 

International career
A former England under-19 international, Johnson was called up for the under-21 team at the 2009 UEFA U21 Championships in Sweden  He scored once in qualification and again in the first leg of the qualification play-offs against Wales U21s as the Young Lions narrowly won 5–4 on aggregate to qualify for the tournament  During the tournament, he started in two of the three group stage matches  He won the man of the match award in the final group stage match against Germany that ended in a 1–1 draw and converted his penalty in the semi-final shoot-out win against Sweden In late February 2010, Johnson was named in the senior squad for the first time in Fabio Capello's 30-man shortlist for the upcoming March friendly against Egypt in May, but did not make the final 23  Two months later, Capello named Johnson in his preliminary 30-man 2010 FIFA World Cup squad  Johnson made his England debut on 24 May in a FIFA World Cup warm-up match, a 3–1 friendly victory against Mexico at Wembley Stadium  Johnson came on as a late substitute for James Milner  The following week Capello announced his final 23-man squad, and Johnson failed to make the cut England's first match after the 2010 FIFA World Cup was against Hungary at Wembley Stadium  Johnson was named in the starting line-up for the first time, making his full England debut and playing the entire match  He scored his first international goal on 3 September 2010 against Bulgaria in a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier, which England won 4–0  He scored his second international goal against Switzerland in a 3–1 win after coming on as an early substitute for the injured Theo Walcott  In all, he made five appearances in qualifying as England progressed to the finals of UEFA Euro 2012 Fabio Capello resigned as England coach in February 2012, and Stuart Pearce took temporary charge  Johnson started Pearce's only match as England manager, a 2–3 defeat at the hands of the Netherlands  When Roy Hodgson took over in May 2012, Johnson was not selected in Hodgson's 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2012, but was named on standby in case of injuries  He totalled 12 England caps and scored two international goals 

Sexual crimes and conviction
In December 2014, Johnson began communicating over social media with a 15-year-old female fan while his partner was pregnant  The following 17 January, he met up with the girl in his Range Rover, where he signed two Sunderland shirts for her  Thirteen days later, they met again, and Johnson kissed the girl On 2 March 2015, Johnson was arrested by Durham Police on suspicion of having sexual activity with an underage girl, who was 15  On 23 April, he was charged with three offences of sexual activity with a child under 16 and one of child grooming, to which he pleaded not guilty in June  An initial trial date in Durham in September 2015 was later moved to February 2016 in Bradford Crown Court On 10 February 2016, at the start of his trial, Johnson pleaded guilty to "one count of sexual activity with a child and one count of grooming"  He denied two further counts of underage sexual activity  The trial lasted for sixteen days, was presided over by Circuit Judge Jonathan Rose, the lead barrister for the prosecution was Kate Blackwell QC and the lead barrister for the defence was Orlando Pownall QC  On 2 March 2016, Johnson was found guilty on a majority verdict of 10–2 of one count of sexual activity with a child and found not guilty of a second count of the same crime  In a victim impact statement, the girl stated that she suffered abuse on social media during the time Johnson claimed innocence, that she had lost confidence and that her school work had suffered  A court psychiatrist for the defence found Johnson to be "socially and psychologically immature" and stated that there was no evidence that Johnson had a sexual attraction to prepubescent children Johnson was granted bail in order to say farewell to his infant daughter  On 24 March 2016, he was sentenced to six years in prison for grooming and sexual activity with a girl aged 15  The judge also ordered him to pay £50,000 of the prosecution's legal fees of £67,132  In investigations, police found animal pornography on Johnson's laptop; he was not tried for possession of these files  Pownall said before the sentencing that Johnson had been "stripped of his England caps" but the FA later confirmed that this was not the case and that they cannot take caps away from players  After his sentencing, Johnson was held at HM Prison Leeds  On 12 April, Johnson's legal team launched an appeal against his sentence  On 15 April, Johnson was moved to HM Prison Moorland near Doncaster  On 12 July, his appeal was refused, and a second appeal was refused on 16 March 2017 In April 2017 video footage taken inside HMP Moorland appeared to show Johnson talking to fellow inmates about his conviction  In the footage, Johnson talks about his victim and the fact that he believes his sentence was lengthened due to his position as a professional footballer Johnson was released on 22 March 2019, after serving half of his sentence 

Reaction
Johnson was immediately suspended by Sunderland following his arrest, and missed two games before being returned to the team while on bail  He played in 28 games throughout the following 11 months, until he was first dropped from the team on 11 February 2016, and then later sacked by Sunderland, after pleading guilty at trial to two of the four counts put against him  His endorsement by Adidas was also terminated as a result, and EA Sports removed his likeness from the FIFA 16 video game After the conviction, Sunderland manager Sam Allardyce faced scrutiny for continuing to select Johnson during his bail, particularly following allegations that the club had seen documents in May 2015 suggesting that Johnson acknowledged his guilt  Allardyce, who had joined the club only in October 2015, claimed that he was not aware of such documents and had always been informed that Johnson was to plead not guilty; a Sunderland press release made the same statement In court, Johnson claimed that he had confessed to Sunderland chief executive Margaret Byrne on 4 May 2015  Byrne, a former lawyer, was due to appear as a witness for his defence but did not take the stand  Sunderland's supporter association desired to question her over her knowledge of the case  Byrne resigned on 8 March 2016, regretting her "serious mistake", but claimed that she had not made the club aware of Johnson's admission, nor was she aware that he was to plead guilty Pownall confirmed that Johnson intended to appeal against his conviction  Johnson's sister Faye urged supporters to change their Facebook profile pictures to one of Johnson and his daughter and a slogan proclaiming his innocence  She had set up an online group for supporters of his innocence, which reached 1,000 likes before being shut down after being reported by users including North East-based child protection vigilantes Dark Justice  The chief executive of the Professional Footballers' Association, Gordon Taylor, said that Johnson had "damaged the reputation of football" and that his chances of playing again were "very remote" 

Personal life
Johnson attended school, and the academies of Sunderland and Middlesbrough, with Dale Roberts, who went on to play as a goalkeeper  Roberts committed suicide on 14 December 2010, which Johnson subsequently described as "the worst day of my life" Prior to his imprisonment, Johnson lived in Castle Eden, County Durham  He has a daughter, born in January 2015, with his former partner Stacey Flounders  In February 2016, while giving evidence at his trial, Flounders announced that she and Johnson had separated, claiming that he had confessed to infidelity with other women  During his imprisonment in 2017 he sold his home, Tollgate Lodge, for £1 7 million  It was purchased by Durham and England cricketer Ben Stokes  Upon his release from prison he returned to live in Castle Eden in a seven-bedroom home he had built during his imprisonment   He and Stacey Flounders had their second child a son born in July 2021 

Career statistics
Club
As of match played 6 February 2016

International
As of match played 15 August 2012As of match played 15 August 2012
Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Johnson goal 

Honours
Manchester City

Premier League: 2011–12
FA Cup: 2010–11
FA Community Shield: 2012Individual

Premier League Player of the Month: January 2014
Passage 4:
Carl Johnson (soccer)
Carl Johnson (September 18, 1892 – February 15, 1970) was a U S  soccer midfielder   He was the first U S  player from Chicago to play for the national team   Johnson earned two caps with the U S  national team   His first came at the 1924 Summer Olympics when he played in the U S  loss to Uruguay in the quarterfinals   Following the tournament, the U S  had two exhibition games   Johnson played in the first, a 3–2 win over Poland   Johnson played with the Chicago Swedish-Americans 
He died in Tampa, Florida 
Passage 5:
Leeds United F C 
Leeds United Football Club is a professional football club based in Leeds, West Yorkshire in England  The club play their home matches at Elland Road and compete in the Championship, the second tier of the English football league system 
Leeds United have won the League Championship three times, four Second Division titles, the FA Cup once, the EFL Cup once, the Charity Shield twice and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice  The club had their most successful period under the management of Don Revie in the 1960s and 1970s, when they won the League title twice, the FA Cup once, the League Cup once and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice  The club have also been runners-up five times in the League Championship, three times in the FA Cup, once each in the EFL Cup, the Charity Shield, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, the Cup Winners' Cup and the European Cup, and lost the play-off to keep the Inter-City Fairs Cup trophy The club has rivalries with Manchester United and Chelsea  The team's traditional kit colours are white shirts, white shorts and white socks  Their badge features the White Rose of York, which is a symbol of Yorkshire  "Marching on Together" is the club’s official anthem and is regularly sung by supporters 

History
Pre-Leeds United
Leeds United's predecessor, Leeds City, was formed in 1904 and elected to League membership in 1905  They drew bigger crowds to Elland Road following Herbert Chapman's arrival  In 1914 Chapman declared; "This city is built to support top-flight football", but Leeds City were forcibly disbanded and forced to sell off all their players by The Football League in 1919 in response to allegations of illegal payments to players during the First World War  At Salem Chapel in 1919, Leeds United was formed, and they received an invitation to enter the Midland League, being voted into it on 31 October, taking the place vacated by Leeds City Reserves  Following Leeds City's disbanding, Yorkshire Amateurs bought their stadium Elland Road  Yorkshire Amateurs offered to make way for the new team under the management of former player Dick Ray The chairman of Huddersfield Town, Hilton Crowther loaned Leeds United £35,000, to be repaid when Leeds United won promotion to the First Division  He brought in Barnsley's manager Arthur Fairclough and on 26 February 1920, Dick Ray stepped down to become Fairclough's assistant 

1920–1960
On 31 May 1920, Leeds United were elected to the Football League  Over the following years, they consolidated their position in the Second Division and in the 1923–24 season won the title and with it promotion to the First Division  They failed to establish themselves and were relegated in 1926–27  After their relegation, Fairclough resigned, which paved the way for Ray to return as manager  In the years up until the start of World War II Leeds were twice relegated; on both occasions they were re-promoted the following season On 5 March 1935, Ray resigned and was replaced by Billy Hampson, who remained in charge for 12 years  In the 1946–47 season after the war, Leeds were relegated again, with the worst league record in their history  After this season, Hampson resigned (he stayed with Leeds as their chief scout for eight months) and was replaced in April 1947 by Willis Edwards  In 1948, Sam Bolton replaced Ernest Pullan as the chairman of Leeds United  Edwards was moved to assistant manager in April 1948 after just one year as manager  He was replaced by Frank Buckley Leeds remained in the Second Division until 1955–56, when they once again won promotion to the First Division, inspired by John Charles  Charles was hungry for success at the highest level, and manager Raich Carter was unable to convince him that Leeds could satisfy his ambitions  Charles was sold to Juventus for a then world record of £65,000  The loss of Charles resulted in Leeds being relegated to the Second Division in the 1959–60 season 

1961–1974: Don Revie era
In March 1961, the club appointed former player Don Revie as manager, following the resignation of Jack Taylor  His stewardship began in adverse circumstances; the club was "in financial difficulty" and in 1961–62 only a win in the final game of the season saved the club from relegation to the Third Division  Revie implemented a youth policy and a change of kit colour to an all-white strip in the style of Real Madrid, and Leeds won promotion to the First Division in 1963–64 In the 1964–65 season, Leeds finished second to rivals Manchester United on goal average  They also reached the final of the FA Cup, losing 2–1 to Liverpool at Wembley after extra-time  In the 1965–66 season, Leeds again finished second in the league, whilst also reaching the semi-finals of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing on aggregate to Spanish side Real Zaragoza despite manager Revie ordering the fire brigade to flood the pitch before the replay at Elland Road The 1966–67 season saw Leeds finish 4th in the league, as well as reaching the semi-finals of the FA Cup, losing 1–0 to Chelsea and the final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing 2–0 to GNK Dinamo Zagreb With Leeds failing to land a trophy, they nearly doubled their record transfer in 1967–68, buying Sheffield United centre-forward Mick Jones for £100,000  The season saw Leeds win their first major trophy, the League Cup, with Terry Cooper scoring the only goal of a 1–0 victory against Arsenal in the final  Leeds finished fourth in the First Division and were beaten in the FA Cup semi-finals by Everton  They also reached a second successive Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final and this time won the trophy, beating Hungarian club Ferencváros over two legs; Leeds won the first leg 1–0, and a month later defended their lead with a 0–0 draw in Budapest Having found success in both domestic and European cup competitions, manager Revie chose to focus on the league for the 1968–69 season  Leeds secured the title in April 1969 with a 0–0 draw with challengers Liverpool at Anfield, whose supporters congratulated Leeds  Leeds set a number of records including most points (67), most wins (27), fewest defeats (2), and most home points (39); a still-unbroken club record is their 34 match unbeaten run that extended into the following season  Leeds reinforced their front line breaking the British transfer record by signing Allan Clarke from Leicester City for £165,000  They targeted the treble in 1969–70 and came close to achieving this, only to fail on all three fronts in a congested close season, finishing second in the league to Everton, losing the 1970 FA Cup final to Chelsea (after a replay), and exiting the European Cup with a semi-final defeat to Celtic Having rejected an offer to manage Birmingham City, Revie chose to remain at Leeds for the 1970–71 season  Leeds and Arsenal both challenged for the title that season, though it would be the Gunners who would claim the league title, finishing one point ahead of Leeds after the latter lost to West Bromwich Albion following a controversial "offside" goal  United were also knocked out of the FA Cup by Fourth Division side Colchester United  Leeds again found success in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup though, beating Juventus in the final on away goals  Leeds again finished as runners-up in the 1971–72 season, but United did reach the 1972 FA Cup final, lifting the trophy after a 1–0 victory over Arsenal in the final In the 1972–73 season, the Whites again came close to a Treble, but they finished third in the league, losing the 1973 FA Cup final to Second Division Sunderland 1–0 against all expectations, and reached the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup against Italian club AC Milan at the Kaftanzoglio Stadium, where they were beaten 1–0 following some controversial refereeing by Christos Michas who was later banned by UEFA for 'fixing' other matches  Revie was offered the managers role at Everton in the summer, but chose to remain at Leeds  The following season, they won the 1973–74 First Division with a five-point lead over second-placed Liverpool  Revie chose to take the job of England national team manager at the end of the 1973–74 season In his 13 years in charge, Revie guided Leeds to two Football League First Division titles, one FA Cup, one League Cup, two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, one Football League Second Division title and one Charity Shield  He also guided them to three more FA Cup Finals, two more FA Cup Semi-finals, one more Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Semi-final, one European Cup Winners' Cup Final and one European Cup Semi-final  The team also finished second in the Football League First Division five times, third once and fourth twice  In a survey of leading football writers, historians and academics by Total Sport magazine, Revie's Leeds United were voted as one of the 50 greatest football teams of all time 

1974–1988: Post-Revie and relegation
Following the 1973–74 season, Revie left Leeds and Elland Road to manage the England national team  Brian Clough was appointed as Revie's successor  This was a surprise appointment, as Clough had been an outspoken critic of Revie and the team's tactics  Clough's tenure as manager started badly, with defeat in the Charity Shield against Liverpool in which Billy Bremner and Kevin Keegan were sent off for fighting  Under Clough, the team performed poorly, and after only 44 days he was dismissed Clough was replaced by former England captain Jimmy Armfield  Armfield took Revie's ageing team to the final of the 1974–75 European Cup, in which they were defeated by Bayern Munich under controversial circumstances  Assisted by coach Don Howe, Armfield rebuilt Revie's team, and though it no longer dominated English football, it remained in the top ten for subsequent seasons  However, the board became impatient for success and dismissed Armfield in 1978, replacing him with Jock Stein, who also lasted just 44 days before leaving to manage Scotland  The board appointed Jimmy Adamson, but he was unable to stop the decline, and in 1980 Adamson resigned and was replaced by former player Allan Clarke  Despite spending freely on players, he was unable to stem the tide, and the club was relegated at the end of 1981–82  Clarke was replaced by former teammate Eddie Gray With no money to spend on team building, Gray concentrated on youth development, but was unable to guide them to promotion from the Second Division  The board again became impatient and dismissed Gray in 1985, replacing him with another Revie teammate, Billy Bremner  Bremner found it just as difficult to achieve promotion, although Leeds reached the 1987 play-off final, but were defeated by Charlton Athletic  Leeds also endured a near miss in the FA Cup, losing out to Coventry City in the semi-finals 

1988–1996: Howard Wilkinson era
In October 1988, with the team 21st in the Second Division, Bremner was fired to make way for Howard Wilkinson  Leeds avoided relegation that season, and in March 1989 signed Gordon Strachan from Manchester United for £300,000  The Scottish midfielder was named captain, and helped Leeds win the Second Division in 1989–90 and gain promotion back to the First Division  Leeds finished fourth in 1990–91, and in the 1991–92 season they became champions of England for the third time  During the close season Leeds were founder members of the new Premier League, which became the top division of English football  However, the 1992–93 season saw Leeds exiting the Champions League in the early stages, and eventually finishing 17th in the league (having won no away matches in the league), narrowly avoiding relegation  Wilkinson's Leeds were unable to provide any consistent challenge for honours, and his position was not helped by a poor display in the 1996 League Cup final which Leeds lost to Aston Villa  Leeds could only finish 13th in 1995–96, and after a 4–0 home defeat by Manchester United early in 1996–97, Wilkinson had his contract terminated  One of the legacies of Wilkinson and youth coach Paul Hart was the development of Leeds United's youth academy, which has produced numerous talented footballers over the years 

1997–2001: Graham and O'Leary
Leeds appointed George Graham as Wilkinson's successor  This appointment was controversial as Graham had previously received a one-year ban from The Football Association for receiving illegal payments from a football agent  Graham made some astute purchases and also helped blood youngsters from Leeds' youth cup winning side  By the end of the 1997–98 season, Leeds had qualified for the following season's UEFA Cup  In October 1998, Graham left to become manager of Tottenham Hotspur, and Leeds opted to replace him with assistant manager David O'Leary Under O'Leary and assistant Eddie Gray, Leeds never finished outside the top five in the Premier League, and secured qualification for both the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Champions League, enjoying cup runs to the semi-finals of both competitions  However, during the same period, the team's image was tarnished when players Jonathan Woodgate and Lee Bowyer were involved in an incident that left an Asian student in hospital with severe injuries  The resulting court case took nearly two years to resolve; Bowyer was cleared, but Woodgate convicted of affray and sentenced to community service  Additionally, in the UEFA Cup semi-final against Galatasaray in Istanbul, two Leeds fans were stabbed to death before the game 

2001–2007: Financial crisis and fall to League One
Under chairman Peter Ridsdale, Leeds had taken out large loans against the prospect of the share of the TV rights and sponsorship revenues from Champions League qualification and subsequent progress in the competition  However, Leeds narrowly failed to qualify for the Champions League in two successive seasons, and as a consequence did not receive enough income to repay the loans  The first indication that the club was in financial trouble was the sale of Rio Ferdinand to Manchester United for approximately £30 million  Ridsdale and O'Leary publicly fell out over the sale, and O'Leary was dismissed and replaced by former England manager Terry Venables  Leeds performed woefully under Venables, and other players were sold to repay the loans, including Jonathan Woodgate, whom Ridsdale had promised Venables would not be sold  Tensions mounted between Ridsdale and Venables and, with the team underachieving, Venables was dismissed and replaced by Peter Reid  Ridsdale resigned from the Leeds board and was replaced by existing non-executive director Professor John McKenzie  At this time Leeds were in danger of relegation, but managed to avoid the drop in the penultimate game of the season, beating Arsenal 3–2 away with a late strike by Mark Viduka Reid was given a permanent contract at Leeds the following summer and brought in several players on loan  An unsuccessful start to the 2003–04 season saw Reid dismissed, and Eddie Gray take over as caretaker manager until the end of the season  An insolvency specialist, Gerald Krasner, led a consortium of local businessmen which took over Leeds and oversaw the sale of the club's assets, including senior and emerging youth players of any value  Leeds were relegated during the 2003–04 season Following relegation to the Championship, assistant manager Kevin Blackwell was appointed manager  Most of the remaining players were sold or released on free transfers to further reduce the high wage bill; Blackwell was forced to rebuild almost the entire squad through free transfers, and Leeds were forced to sell both their training ground and stadium in the autumn of 2004 In 2005, the club was bought by Ken Bates, who paid £10 million for a 50% stake  Under Blackwell, Leeds reached the Championship play-off final, which they lost to Watford  With the team performing poorly, Blackwell's contract was terminated, and Leeds hired John Carver as caretaker manager, but his spell was not a success and he was relieved of his duties, with Dennis Wise eventually installed as his replacement  Wise was unable to lift the team out of the relegation zone for much of the season, despite bringing in a number of experienced loan players and free transfers on short-term deals  With relegation virtually assured, Leeds entered administration on 4 May 2007, thus incurring a league-imposed 10-point deduction that officially relegated the club to the third tier of English football; the club had previously never played any lower than the second tier  The players whom Wise had brought in were released; he was forced to build a squad almost from scratch, and because of administration Leeds were unable to sign any players until a few days before the opening game of the season 

2007–2010: League One
On 3 July 2007, HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) lodged a legal challenge to Leeds' Creditors' Voluntary Agreement (CVA)  Under league rules, if the club were still in administration at the start of the following season, Leeds would have been prevented from starting their season by the Football League  Following the challenge by HMRC, the club was put up for sale by KPMG, and again Ken Bates' bid was accepted  The League eventually sanctioned this under the "exceptional circumstances rule" but imposed a 15-point deduction due to the club failing to exit administration with a CVA, as the Football League rules required  On 31 August 2007, HMRC decided not to pursue its legal challenge any further Despite the 15-point deduction, Wise and his assistant Gus Poyet guided Leeds to a play-off position, only for Poyet to leave for Tottenham, and Wise quitting to take up a position at Newcastle United  Wise was replaced by former club captain Gary McAllister  Leeds went on to secure a place in the play-off final, but were beaten by Doncaster Rovers  The following season saw a poor run of results, and McAllister was dismissed after a run of five defeats in a row  He was replaced by Simon Grayson, who resigned from his post as manager of Blackpool to take the position  Under Grayson, Leeds made the play-offs once again, but were beaten over the two legs of the semi-finals by Millwall In the 2009–10 season, the team secured the best start ever to a season by a Leeds side, and caused a major upset in the third round of the FA Cup by beating Manchester United at Old Trafford  After the impressive run in the FA Cup, Leeds' league form suffered, with the team taking just seven points from a possible 24  However, the team rallied and Leeds won their final game of the season to confirm promotion to the Championship as runners-up to Norwich City 

2010–2014: Return to the Championship
Leeds spent much of the 2010–11 season in the play-off places, but eventually finished in seventh place, just missing out on the play-offs In May 2011, it was announced that Leeds chairman Ken Bates had bought the club and become the owner of Leeds  Before the match against Middlesbrough, about 300 Leeds fans protested about what they saw as a lack of investment in the playing side, to which Bates responded by calling the protesters "morons" Despite securing promotion to the Championship, Grayson was dismissed after failing to mount a consistent challenge for promotion to the Premier League  Neil Warnock was appointed as the club's new manager on 18 February, with his initial contract lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season On 21 November 2012, Middle East-based private equity group GFH Capital finalised a deal for a protracted takeover of Leeds, gaining a 100% shareholding in the club  It was also announced Ken Bates would remain as chairman until the end of the 2012–13 season and then become club president  The takeover was officially completed on 21 December 2012 Despite runs to the quarter-finals of the League Cup and the fifth round of the FA Cup (albeit with both runs ending in five-goal thrashings, by Chelsea and Manchester City respectively), Leeds' league form in the 2012–13 season was generally mediocre, with the club never making any real challenge for the play-off places  Warnock resigned with six games remaining, and Leeds just five points above the relegation zone  Brian McDermott replaced Warnock, and the club won three of their final five games of the season, enough to avoid relegation  That summer, Bates stepped down as chairman, and ultimately left the club altogether a few weeks later following a dispute over expenses On 7 January 2014, Leeds United's managing director David Haigh was involved in Sport Capital, a consortium involving the managing director of Leeds United's main sponsors, Enterprise Insurance, Andrew Flowers  Sports Capital came close to completing a transaction with GFH Capital that would have given them a 75% stake in the business On 30 January, Sport Capital's takeover collapsed due to a lack of "financial backing"  Haigh released a statement conceding that it was unable to complete a deal despite two months ago agreeing to purchase a 75% stake in the club from the owners Gulf Finance House  Haigh said he and Sport Capital had "injected substantial sums into the club to ensure its viability" but earlier in the week fellow consortium member Andrew Flowers, the managing director of Leeds' shirt sponsor Enterprise Insurance, stated that GFH had "breached their covenant with us" after inviting a rival bid from Massimo Cellino, the president of the Serie A club Cagliari Calcio  Haigh's statement read:

As fans know, we signed a share acquisition agreement with GFH Capital at the end of last year  This meant, I believed, that we were in a position to move things forward and complete the transaction in time for the January transfer window      Unfortunately, however, some of the consortium's backers ultimately didn't feel able to deliver the financial backing we had hoped was agreed to take the club forward 
On 31 January 2014, under controversial circumstances, it was reported that manager Brian McDermott had been removed from his position as the club's manager following a string of poor results, while the controversy surrounding the club was resolved  New club captain Ross McCormack expressed his support for the former manager  By 3 February the BBC was reporting that McDermott had been called by a lawyer representing Massimo Cellino "and told he had been relieved of his duties"  However, Cellino still did not own the club, as the Football League had not yet approved his purchase, so neither he nor his lawyer could dismiss the manager  McDermott, therefore, remained in his post After weeks of speculation regarding the purchase of Leeds United, on 7 February 2014, Leeds United had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd  The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club, subject to Football League Approval At its meeting on 23 March 2014, the board of the Football League decided unanimously that Cellino's conviction by an Italian court meant that he did not meet its owners and directors test, so could not take over Leeds United In the backdrop of Cellino's takeover, Leeds suffered an appalling second half of the season, dropping from the play-off places to the fringes of the relegation battle  In the end, the weak performances of the teams below Leeds meant that they were never in any real danger of going down, and a late run of wins put survival beyond doubt well before the end of the season  However, McDermott still resigned his position a few weeks after the season ended 

2014–2017: Cellino era
On 5 April, Cellino was successful in his appeal with independent QC Tim Kerr to take over the club  The takeover was completed on 10 April, with Cellino's company, Eleonora Sport Limited, buying 75% of the club's shares  Two months later, the inexperienced Dave Hockaday was surprisingly appointed head coach, with Junior Lewis hired as his assistant  After only 70 days, the pair were fired by Cellino  Darko Milanič was given the head coach position in September 2014 becoming the club's first manager from outside the British isles and the first Slovene manager in English football, but left the club the following month  On 1 November 2014, Neil Redfearn was confirmed as the new head coach On 1 December 2014, Cellino was disqualified by the Football League after it obtained documents from an Italian court, where he was found guilty of tax evasion  He was disqualified from running the club until 10 April 2015, and on 24 February 2015, Cellino announced he would not be returning to the club after his ban ended  Redfearn was replaced by former Manchester City Player Uwe Rösler as head coach in the summer of 2015, but Rosler was himself replaced by Steve Evans after only a few months in the role On 30 October 2015, Cellino agreed a deal in principle with Leeds Fans Utd to sell a majority stake in the club  When asked to legally commit to an exclusivity period to allow due diligence to commence, he reneged On 2 June 2016, Garry Monk was appointed as the new head coach, replacing Steve Evans  On 4 January 2017, Italian businessman Andrea Radrizzani purchased a 50% stake in the club from Massimo Cellino  At the close of the 2016/17 season, Leeds narrowly missed out on the play-offs  Leeds had been in the play-off positions for the majority of the season before a poor run of form in the final games saw them drop into seventh place  This was compounded by being knocked out in the fourth round of the FA Cup by non-league side Sutton United 1–0, who, at the time, were 84 places and three divisions below Leeds 

2017–present: Radrizzani takeover and Premier League return
On 23 May 2017, Radrizzani announced a 100% buyout of Leeds United, buying the remaining 50% shares from previous co-owner Massimo Cellino, with Radrizzani taking full ownership of the club  Garry Monk resigned as head coach two days after the takeover, after one season at the club in which he guided them to seventh place  In June 2017, former Spain international Thomas Christiansen was announced as the new head coach  This was followed by Radrizzani introducing Leeds United Ladies back to Leeds United ownership  Also in June, Radrizzani completed the purchase of Elland Road from Jacob Adler's company, Teak Commercial Limited for £20 million, using his own company Greenfield Investment Pte Ltd On 4 February 2018, Christiansen was dismissed after a bad run of games, leaving the team 10th in the Championship table  On 6 February, Paul Heckingbottom was confirmed as Christiansen's replacement  On 24 May 2018, Leeds announced that 49ers Enterprises had bought shares in the club to become a minority investor  The 49ers Enterprises is the business arm of the NFL side San Francisco 49ers, owned by Denise DeBartolo York, Jed York, and John York Heckingbottom was dismissed by Leeds on 1 June 2018 after being at the club for just four months  Argentine manager Marcelo Bielsa was named the club's new manager on 15 June, signing a two-year contract with an option of a third year  In doing so he became the highest-paid manager in Leeds United's history Bielsa's first season in charge saw Leeds make an impressive start and Leeds remained in the top 2 with Norwich City for the majority of the season, on course for automatic promotion to the Premier League  However, a poor end to the season saw the team lose out on automatic promotion to Sheffield United  They entered the play-offs against Derby County; despite winning the first leg 1–0, they ultimately lost 4–3 on aggregate which consigned them to another season in the championship On 17 July 2020, after 16 years out of the Premier League, Leeds were promoted back to the top flight following West Bromwich Albion's loss to Huddersfield Town  Stoke City's defeat of Brentford the following day confirmed they would go up as winners of the Championship  Leeds had been in the top 2 for most of the season and had never dropped lower than 5th in the table, eventually going on to finish 10 points clear of West Brom in 2nd The club’s first season back in the Premier League produced a top half finish, their points tally was the most by a newly promoted side since Ipswich Town two decades earlier  However, the following season was not as successful and following a series of poor results, Bielsa was dismissed by the club in February 2022  Jesse Marsch was appointed as Bielsa's replacement, and he successfully led the club to avoid relegation on the final day of the season  Marsch was dismissed by the club in February 2023, and was replaced by Javi Gracia  Gracia was dismissed in May, having won just three of his twelve games in charge, he was replaced by Sam Allardyce as the club aimed to avoid relegation for the second successive season, but he was unable to prevent relegation as Leeds dropped back into the Championship on the final day of the season 

Colours
In Leeds' first 15 years, the club kit was modelled on Huddersfield Town's blue and white striped shirts, white shorts and dark blue socks with blue and white rings on the turnovers, because Huddersfield's chairman Hilton Crowther was attempting to merge the two clubs  He eventually left Huddersfield to take over at Leeds In 1934, Leeds switched to blue and yellow halved shirts incorporating the city crest, white shorts and blue socks with yellow tops  The kit was worn for the first time on 22 September 1934  In 1950, Leeds switched to yellow shirts with blue sleeves and collars, white shorts and black, blue and gold hooped socks  In 1955, Leeds changed again to royal blue shirts with gold collars, white shorts, and blue and yellow hooped socks, thus echoing the original Leeds City strip  In 1961, Don Revie introduced a plain white strip throughout 

Badge
Leeds United's first badge appeared in 1934  Like Leeds City before them, the club adopted the coat of arms of Leeds, which remained on the kit in various guises until 1961  For a number of seasons after 1961–62, when the all-white strip replaced the blue and gold, the shirts sported no badge at all A perching owl badge was added to the strip in 1964  The design was a surprise given Revie's superstition about the symbolism of birds  The owl derived from the three owls that feature on the city's coat of arms, which in turn were taken from the coat of arms of Sir John Savile, the first alderman of Leeds  The owl was usually navy blue, but was coloured gold for the 1968 Football League Cup Final Between 1971 and 1973, Leeds used the "LUFC" script that runs down the centre of the current badge, albeit in a diagonal fashion rather than the present vertical  The script made a reappearance on the 'retro-look' Asics kit used during the 1995–96 season  In 1973 came the embodiment of 1970s imagery with the iconic "smiley" badge, made up of the letters L and U in bubble writing  Revie's predilection for gimmicks was years ahead of its time, and done with the explicit intention of gaining acceptance from a public outside West Yorkshire  In 1977, the smiley badge was rotated through 45° and the yellow and blue colours were reversed  The yellow smiley returned the following year, but was now enclosed in a circle surrounded by the words "LEEDS UNITED AFC" In the 1978–79 season, a new badge appeared that was similar to that of the previous season, except now the words "LEEDS UNITED AFC" enclosed a stylised peacock (a reference to the club's nickname, "The Peacocks") rather than the yellow smiley In 1984, another badge was introduced which lasted until 1998  The distinctive rose and ball badge used the traditional blue, gold and white colours, and incorporated the White Rose of York, the club's name, and a football (a truncated icosahedron similar to the Adidas Telstar, but in Leeds colours) in the core section In the 1998–99 season, the club logo was replaced with a more "European" shield design  The shield retained the white rose, as well as the blue, gold and white colours, with "LUFC" reading vertically down the centre  In 1999, the badge was slightly amended in that the football from the 1984 badge was added to the centre of the white rose On 20 February 2019, Leeds United revealed a predominantly gold coloured badge that would be worn on the players' kit during the club's centenary season  The badge retained the existing shield design, but replaced the "LUFC" script with the words "LEEDS UNITED" above and "100 YEARS" below the shield  The crest also carried the date "1919", the year that the club was founded, as well as the centenary year "2019" 

Stadium
Leeds United have only ever used one stadium as their home ground, Elland Road, where they have played at since their foundation in 1919  An all-seater stadium situated in Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, it is the 14th largest football stadium in England  Elland Road was previously occupied by their predecessors, Leeds City before their disbanding  After their formation, the council allowed them to rent the stadium until they could afford to buy it  With the exception of periods from the 1960s until 1983, and from 1997 to 2004, the local council owned the stadium  However, it was sold by the club in October 2004, with a 25-year sale-leaseback deal being agreed, and a commercial buy-back clause also included for when the club's finances improve sufficiently Initially, the ground was the home of the Holbeck Rugby Club, which played in the Northern Rugby Union, the forerunner of the Rugby Football League  One of Leeds' first nicknames, 'The Peacocks', comes from the original name of Elland Road – 'The Old Peacock ground'  It was named by the original owners of the ground, Bentley's Brewery, after its pub The Old Peacock, which still faces the site  The newly formed Leeds City agreed to rent and later own Elland Road  After their disbandment, it was sold to Leeds United  The most recent stand at Elland Road is the East, or Family, Stand, a cantilever structure completed during the 1992–93 season that can hold 17,000 seated spectators  It is a two-tiered stand that continues around the corners and is the largest part of the stadium  The Don Revie Stand was opened at the start of the 1994–95 season, and can hold just under 7,000 seated spectators  The roof of the West Stand holds a television commentary gantry and walkway for TV personnel  Elland Road was named in December 2009 as one of the contenders for the England 2018 World Cup bid  As a result of the bid, Leeds drew up plans to redevelop parts of Elland Road and increase the stadium's capacity  Ken Bates also revealed plans to take out the executive boxes out of the South Stand to increase the starting capacity by a further 2,000–3,000  More executive boxes would be built in the east stand Alex Ferguson has said that Elland Road has one of the most intimidating atmospheres in European football A statue of legendary captain Billy Bremner was unveiled outside the stadium in 1999 in the area known as 'Bremner Square'  Then a bronze statue for Leeds' most successful manager Don Revie was also unveiled in 2012, celebrating the 40th anniversary of the club winning the FA Cup  As part of the renovation of the Bremner statue in summer 2018, a 'Bremner Square XI' was announced  The XI featured ten further 'legendary Leeds players' who have engraved stones featuring their key stats and achievements during their careers with Leeds United On 28 June 2017, new Leeds owner Andrea Radrizzani completed the re-purchase of Elland Road, via his investment company, Greenfield Investment Pte Ltd, the company used to buy Leeds  Leeds will have a period of paying no rent and be able to invest in other areas of the club  In July 2018, Elland Road was voted 'Best Ground in the Championship' by football supporters 

Supporters
In 2003, Peter Reid commented on the support at Elland Road after being relieved of his managerial duties, saying that "In 30 years I've never seen support like I did at the Leeds/Arsenal game a couple of weeks ago  The fans at Leeds are fantastic " Two other former Leeds managers have also spoken highly of the club's supporters; Kevin Blackwell said "fans will follow them everywhere" and David O'Leary commented "There is an immense fan base and they are still with the club" Leeds supporters are renowned for singing the signature song "Marching on Together" before and during matches  Other notable songs Leeds fans sing during games include "We Are The Champions, Champions of Europe" (more commonly known as WACCOE) in reference to the 1975 European Cup Final which Leeds lost due to dubious refereeing decisions  Riots by the Leeds fans during the match led to UEFA banning the club from European competition for four years, although this was reduced to two years on appeal Famous Leeds supporters include: actors Ralph Ineson, Russell Crowe, Matthew Lewis, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau; comedian Jon Richardson, and boxer Josh Warrington Leeds United supporters also have their own salute  Leeds are 10th in the all-time average attendance figures for the Football League and Premier League  They have the third most rivalries in the English League  Alex Ferguson once said that Elland Road has one of the most intimidating atmospheres in European football An LGBT fans' group, Marching Out Together, was formed in 2017 and sits on the club's Supporters' Advisory Group  There is also a group for Sikh supporters, called Punjabi Whites  The Leeds United Disabled Organisation (LUDO) was founded in 1992  There is a well-known hooligan firm amongst the fans known as the Leeds United Service Crew 

Rivalries
Leeds' main rivals are widely considered to be Manchester United  As the largest cities within the historic counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire, animosity between the regions date back to the Wars of the Roses, although more recent tensions between the football clubs date back to the 1960s and the iconic managers of Don Revie and Matt Busby 
The rivalry has been described as one of the fiercest in world football, and the most intense and inexplicable in England  Alex Ferguson described Elland Road as 'hostile' and 'frightening', and stated that the ferocity of games between the two surpassed the ones with Liverpool On the pitch, the clubs have competed for league titles and cups in the 1960s, 1970s, 1990s, and early 2000s; while players such as Johnny Giles, Gordon Strachan, and Eric Cantona have been highly successful after moving between the clubs  Leeds' relegation to the Football League in 2004 caused a long interval in games between the two, although promotion in 2020 restored their top flight status Leeds' secondary rivals are generally regarded to be Chelsea, which largely stems from the 1970 FA Cup Final  The clubs competed at the top end of the Premier League in the late 1990s and early 2000s and games were often bad-tempered  While the rivalry has subsided with Leeds' relegation, controversial figures such as Ken Bates and Dennis Wise – both of whom had long associations with Chelsea – presided over the club's relegation to the third division in 2007 and subsequent administration, prolonging the enmity Leeds also hold extreme bitterness towards the Turkish club Galatasaray following the deaths of the two supporters the night before a UEFA Cup semi-final in Istanbul in April 2000  During the game, supporters of Galatasaray mocked the deaths, while their team refused to wear black armbands  The then Leeds chairman Peter Ridsdale accused the club of 'lacking common decency' 

Music
The single 'Leeds United' was released in April 1972 to coincide with the team reaching the 1972 FA Cup Final, composed by Les Reed and Barry Mason with the team providing the vocals  The record stayed in the UK Singles Chart for almost three months, peaking at number 10  The B-side 'Leeds! Leeds! Leeds!' (commonly known as Marching on Together) has since become the club's anthem and is regularly sung by supporters 

Records
Striker Peter Lorimer is currently the club's all-time record goal scorer, scoring 238 in his 19 years at the club across two spells; he is also the youngest player to ever play for the club  The most goals managed in a single season for the club is 43 by John Charles, in the 1953–54 season  The fastest goal in the club's history was scored by Jermaine Wright, when he scored after just ten seconds against Burnley in November 2004 The record transfer fee paid by Leeds for a player was around £30 million for Hoffenheim forward Georginio Rutter  The highest transfer fee received for a Leeds player was approximately £60 million from Barcelona for Raphinha; it surpassed their previous highest transfer fee received, when they sold Rio Ferdinand to Manchester United for a then transfer record for a defender twenty years earlier The club's record attendance is 57,892 against Sunderland at Elland Road, in a fifth round FA Cup replay in 1967  The highest league record at Elland Road was 52,368 for a competitive match against Manchester United on 17 April 1965 Leeds' highest ever league finish is first in the First Division in the 1968–69, 1973–74 and 1991–92 seasons  Their lowest ever league finish was fifth in League One in 2007–08, finishing the season by losing to Doncaster Rovers in the play-off final  This was their first ever season in the third tier of English football Leeds' longest ever unbeaten run in the league was between 19 October 1968 and 30 August 1969, to which they remained unbeaten for thirty-four games on their way to the First Division title   Their longest run of consecutive victories in the league is nine, which they achieved between 26 September 1931 and 21 November 1931 (in the Second Division) 

Players
First-team squad
As of 9 July 2023Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Reserves and Academy
Management
First-team staff
Updated to match played 05 July 2023Source: Leeds United Official Site

Medical and analysis team
Updated to match played 05 July 2023Source: Leeds United and Yorkshire Evening Post

Scouting team
Updated to match played 05 July 2023Source: Yorkshire Evening Post

Owners and directors
Source:

Updated to match played 1 May 2018Source: Leeds United Official Website

Managers
The club's most recent manager Sam Allardyce was the fortieth permanent holder of the position since Leeds were founded  Leeds have also had ten caretaker managers, three of whom had previously occupied the role on a full-time basis, and one of whom occupied the role three times  The most successful manager of Leeds United is Don Revie, who won two First Division titles, two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, one Second Division title, one FA Cup, one League Cup, and one Charity Shield in his 13-year reign as manager  He is also the club's longest-serving manager, presiding over 740 games from 1961 to 1974 

Honours
Domestic
First Division/Premier League

Winners: 1968–69, 1973–74, 1991–92
Runners-up: 1964–65, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72Second Division/Championship

Winners: 1923–24, 1963–64, 1989–90, 2019–20
Runners-up: 1927–28, 1931–32, 1955–56
Play-off runners-up: 1987, 2006League One

Runners-up: 2009–10
Play-off runners-up: 2008FA Cup

Winners: 1971–72
Runners-up: 1964–65, 1969–70, 1972–73League Cup

Winners: 1967–68
Runners-up: 1995–96FA Charity Shield

Winners: 1969, 1992
Runners-up: 1974

European
European Cup

Runners-up: 1974–75European Cup Winners' Cup

Runners-up: 1972–73Inter-Cities Fairs Cup

Winners: 1967–68, 1970–71
Runners-up: 1966–67Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Trophy Play-Off

Runners-up: 1971
Passage 6:
Darrius Johnson
Darrius Dashone Johnson (September 17, 1973 – February 25, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a cornerback for the Denver Broncos and Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL) 
The Broncos selected Johnson out of Oklahoma in the fourth round of the 1996 NFL Draft   Johnson played in 61 games for the Broncos from 1996 to 1999, during which he had two interceptions, both in 1998   One of his biggest games was a 1999 playoff game against the Miami Dolphins, where Johnson had a 44-yard interception return and caused a fumble which was returned for a touchdown   Johnson was a member of the Broncos' Super Bowl XXXII and XXXIII championship squads   Johnson played briefly for the Kansas City Chiefs in 2003   
Franciose Johnson wife of Darrius Johnson reported he died of sudden heart failure on February 25, 2021, and after extensive examination of the brain it was determined that Darrius Johnson died with Stage 3 CTE 



ground_truth: In 2002, Suining had a population of 658,798.

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are both Kaiping and Pingxiang, Guangxi located in Guandong Province?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 
Bianchouzhu Lou (The Leaning Tower), located in Nanxing Village was constructed in 1903  It has seven floors 
Nan Lou (南楼), or the "Southern Diaolou", located on the riverbank in Chikan township, which was known for seven local soldiers by the surname Situ (司徒) who died defending Chikan from the Japanese 

Chikan
Chikan (赤坎) is officially designated as a National Historic and Cultural Town of China (中国历史文化名镇)   The old town of Chikan has many historical sites that are about one hundred years old   For example, it has over 600 late-Qing and early-Republic historic Tong laus or Qilous (唐樓/ 騎樓) continuous, spanning over a length of 3 kilometers, including the riverside stretch along Dixi Lu (堤西路), sometimes referred to as 'European Styled Street'  Part of old Chikan town has been designated Chikan Studio City (赤坎影视城) for filming of historical scenes 
Chikan township also has two restored diaolous:  Yinglonglou, built by the Guan (关族) lineage in the Ming dynasty, and Nanlou, memorialized by the martyrdom of seven Situ clan (司徒族) members in the early 20th century 
Historically, Chikan has been shaped by these two competing clans  One example is the existence of two libraries: the Situ's library, opened in 1926, and, not to be outdone, the Guan's library, opened in 1931; both libraries funded by overseas Chinese and incorporated architecture features from overseas 
It is a famous and well-known location for braised pork in noodles to locals 
Chikan is to become a tourist destination and the closing of local stores, dining posts, and streets are scheduled for the summer of 2017 

Miscellaneous
Kaiping has been twinned with Mesa, Arizona, United States, since October 18, 1993 
Kaiping was a major source of emigrants at the turn of the 20th century  As a result, a large number of early Chinese Canadian and Chinese American communities had people who originated from Kaiping and its neighboring counties of Taishan, Enping and Xinhui, which is known collectively as Sze Yup  It is said that there are more Kaipingnese people living abroad today than there are Kaipingnese in Kaiping   In a 2016 report, Deloitte estimated that there are 750,000 Kaiping-born overseas Chinese In 1973, various people originated from Kaiping started the Hoi Ping Chamber of Commerce Secondary School in Hong Kong 

Climate
Notes
Passage 7:
Hunan–Guangxi Railway
The Hunan–Guangxi railway or Xianggui railway (simplified Chinese: 湘桂铁路; traditional Chinese: 湘桂鐵路; pinyin: xiāngguì tiělù), is a mostly electrified railroad in southern China that connects Hunan province and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region   The shortform name of the line, Xianggui, is named after the Chinese short names of Hunan, Xiang and Guangxi, Gui   The line runs  1,013 km (629 mi) from Hengyang in Hunan to Friendship Pass on Guangxi's border with Vietnam   Major cities along route include Hengyang, Yongzhou, Guilin, Liuzhou, Nanning, Pingxiang, and Friendship Pass 

History
The original single-track Xianggui Line was built in sections from 1937 to 1939 and 1950–1955 
In December 2008, construction began on a capacity-expansion project to a new pair of 723 7 km (450 mi) electrified tracks from Hengyang to Nanning, which would create a three-track line of 497 9 km (309 mi) between Hengyang and Liuzhou and a four-track line of 225 8 km (140 mi) between Liuzhou and Nanning   The expansion project was completed in December 2013   The new double-track from Hengyang to Liuzhou is called the Hengyang–Liuzhou intercity railway and the new double-track from Liuzhou to Nanning is called the Liuzhou–Nanning intercity railway 
As of May 2014, the southernmost section of the Xianggui Line, from Nanning to Pingxiang on the Vietnamese border, is undergoing capacity expansion to accommodate high-speed trains 

Passenger service
The Hunan–Guangxi railway is used by most trains traveling from Beijing, Shanghai, and other points in eastern China to Guangxi (Guilin, Nanning) and to the Vietnamese border  This includes the Beijing–Nanning–Hanoi through train 
At the end of 2013, high-speed passenger service was introduced on the Hunan–Guangxi railway as well  A direct G-series trains from Beijing makes it to Guilin in about 10 5 hours  D-series trains continue from Guilin to Nanning, taking less than 3 hours for the trip 

Rail connections
Hengyang: Beijing–Guangzhou railway
Yongzhou: Luoyang–Zhanjiang railway
Liuzhou: Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway, Guizhou–Guangxi railway
Litang Township: Litang–Zhanjiang railway, Litang–Qinzhou railway
Nanning: Nanning–Kunming railway; branch line to Qinzhou and Beihai
Pingxiang: Hanoi–Đồng Đăng Railway

See also
List of railways in China
Passage 8:
Ruyifang Station
Ruyifang Station (Chinese: 如意坊站; pinyin: Rúyìfāng Zhàn; Jyutping: jyu4ji3fong1 zaam6) is a station on Line 6 of the Guangzhou Metro  It is located underground in the Liwan District of Guangzhou  It started operation on 28 December 2013 

Construction incident
In the 03:00 hour of 5 October 2007, as the Ruyifang station was being dug up, water from an unidentified source covered a 300 m2 (3,200 sq ft) area of the construction site was submerged to a depth of 5 to 6 m (16 to 20 ft)  No injuries were reported, and by 06:30 on 6 October, the previously submerged  portion was re-sealed 

Station layout
Exits
Passage 9:
Diaolou
Diaolou (simplified Chinese: 碉楼; traditional Chinese: 碉樓) are fortified multi-storey watchtowers in rural villages, generally made of reinforced concrete  These towers are located mainly in the Kaiping (开平) county of Jiangmen prefecture in Guangdong province, China  In 2007, UNESCO designated the Kaiping Diaolou and Villages (Chinese: 开平碉楼与村落) a World Heritage Site, which covers four separate Kaiping village areas: Sanmenli (三门里), Zilicun (自力村), Jinjiangli (锦江里), and Majianglong village cluster (马降龙村落群)  These areas demonstrate a unique fusion of 19th and 20th-century Chinese and Western architectural styles 

History
Diaolou structures were built from the time of the Ming Dynasty to the early 20th century, reaching a peak during the Warlord Era in the 1920s and 1930s, with the financial aid of overseas Chinese, when there were more than three thousand of these structures  Today, approximately 1,800 diaolou remain standing, and mostly abandoned, in the village countryside of Kaiping, and approximately 500 in neighboring Taishan   They can also occasionally be found in several other areas of Guangdong, such as Shenzhen and Dongguan The earliest standing diaolou in Kaiping is Yinglong Lou (迎龙楼) in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township), built by the Guan lineage during the reign of Jiajing Emperor of the Ming dynasty (1522–1566)  It was a massive three-storey rectangular fortress with one-meter thick walls, with little resemblance with the high tower diaolous built four centuries later   Yinglong Lou was renovated in 1919 and is 11 4 meters high In the late 19th century and early 20th century, because of poverty and social instabilities, Kaiping was a region of major emigration abroad, one of the "pre-eminent sending area" of overseas Chinese   Diaolous built during the chaotic early 20th century were most numerous around the centers of emigration  Monies from emigrants wanting to ensure the security of their families, villages, or clan lineages were used to fund the diaolou   Although the diaolous were built mainly as protection against forays by bandits, many of them also served as living quarters   Some of them were built by a single family, some by several families together or by entire village communities   Kaiping became also a melting pot of ideas and trends brought back by overseas Chinese  As a result, the villagers built their diaolou to incorporate architectural features from China and from the West It wasn't until after 1949 when an administrative system that extended down to the small villages was created that the diaolou lost their defensive purpose and were then abandoned or converted   Still, they stand as a tribute to overseas Chinese culture and the perseverance of the peasants of Kaiping In 2007, UNESCO named the Kaiping Diaolou and Villages (开平碉楼与村落) a World Heritage Site  UNESCO wrote, "   the Diaolou     display a complex and flamboyant fusion of Chinese and Western structural and decorative forms  They reflect the significant role of émigré Kaiping people in the development of several countries in South Asia, Australasia, and North America, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the close links between overseas Kaiping and their ancestral homes  The property inscribed here consists of four groups of Diaolou, totaling some 1,800 tower houses in their village settings "  The four restored groups of Kaiping diaolou are in: Zilicun village (自力村) of Tangkou township (塘口镇), Sanmenli village (三门里) of Chikan township (赤坎镇), Majianglong cluster (马降龙) of Baihe township (百合镇), and Jinjiangli village (锦江里) of Xiangang township (蚬冈镇) 
The Kaiping diaolou was the location for parts of the filming of 2010 movie Let the Bullets Fly (让子弹飞) 

Examples
Yinglong Lou (迎龙楼), located in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township), was built by the Guan (关族) lineage during the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty (1522–1566)  As the oldest preserved diaolou in Kaiping, it retains the primitive model of a watchtower with traditional square structure and is not influenced by western architectural styles 
Jinjiangli Diaolou Cluster (锦江里碉楼群), situated behind Jinjiangli Village (Xiangang Township) of the Huang (黄) family, includes three exquisite diaolous: Ruishi Lou, Shengfeng Lou, and Jinjiang Lou  Ruishi Diaolou, constructed in 1921, has nine floors and is the tallest diaolou in Kaiping  It features a Byzantine style roof and a Roman dome 
Majianglong Diaolou cluster (马降龙碉楼群) is spread across five villages (Baihe township) in a bamboo forest: Yong'an and Nan'an Villages of the Huang (黄) family; Hedong, Qinglin, and Longjiang Villages of the Guan (关) family  Tianlu Lou (Tower of Heavenly Success), located in Yong'an Village, was built in 1922 and is seven storey tall plus a roof top floor 
Zilicun Diaolou Cluster (自力村碉楼群), located in Zilicun Village (Tangkou township), includes nine diaolous, the largest number among the four Kaiping villages designated by UNESCO  They feature the fusion of Chinese and various Western architectural styles and rise up surrealistically over the rice paddy fields 
Fangshi Denglou – Built in 1920 after contributions from villagers, this denglou is five stories high  It is referred to as the "Light Tower" because of an enormous searchlight with a brightness much like that of a lighthouse 
Li Garden, in Beiyi Xiang, was constructed in 1936 by Mr  Xie Weili, a Chinese emigrant to the United States 
Bianchouzhu Lou (The Leaning Tower), located in Nanxing Village (南兴村) in Xiangang township, was constructed in 1903  It has seven floors and overlooks a pond 

Gallery
See also
Cantonese architecture
Chikan, Kaiping
Kaiping
Himalayan Towers
Passage 10:
Huaxia Art Centre
Huaxia Art Centre is a facility for art and culture located on the outskirts of the Overseas Chinese Town in the Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China 
The 13,500 square metres (145,000 sq ft) centre was completed in 1990 and opened in 1991  It has since hosted a variety of large national and international conferences, exhibitions, and artistic and cultural events From February to June 1997, it hosted the Provisional Legislative Council of Hong Kong 
The centre underwent renovations between May 2004 to March 2005 to replace seats and add film studios 



ground_truth: no

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When was the club formed, for which Adam  Johnson played as well as Middlesbrough and Watford ?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: 

die  
sing  of dice 

dice  
Modern cubic dice are used to generate random numbers in many games – e g  a single die in Trivial Pursuit, or two dice per player in backgammon  Role-playing games typically use one or more polyhedral dice  Games such as Pachisi and chaupur traditionally use cowrie shells  The games Zohn Ahl and Hyena chase use dice sticks  The game yut uses yut sticks 

direction of play  
The order of turns in a multiplayer game, e g  clockwise around the board means the player to the left has the next turn  
  
disc  
See piece    
 
displacement capture  
A capture method whereby a capturing piece replaces the captured piece on its square, cell, or point on the gameboard 

doublet  
1   The same number displayed by two dice 
2   The number displayed by one or more die is doubled 
3   The union of two game pieces to move as one 

E
empty board  
Many games start with all pieces out of play; for example, Nine men's morris, Conspirateurs, Entropy, and Go (if a handicap is not employed)  Some gameboards feature staging areas for the pieces before any are put into play; for example, Ludo and Malefiz 

enemy  
An enemy piece is a piece in the same army or set of pieces controlled by the opponent; or, in a multiplayer game, a piece controlled by the partner of an opponent 

Engine-building  
A board game genre and gameplay mechanic that involves adding and modifying combinations of abilities or resources to assemble a virtuous circle of increasingly powerful and productive outcomes  A successfully built engine can create a snowball or domino effect 

equipment  
Refers to physical components required to play a game, e g  pieces, gameboard, dice 

escort capture  
See custodian capture 

exchange  
For games featuring captures, the capture of a piece followed immediately by the opponent's recapture 

F
file 
A straight line of spaces running from top to bottom of a gameboard at right angle to a rank  Also called column 

friendly  
A piece in the same army or set of pieces controlled by a player; or, in a multiplayer game, a piece controlled by a player's partner 

G
gameboard  
Or game board  The (usually quadrilateral) marked surface on which one plays a board game  The namesake of the board game, gameboards would seem to be a necessary and sufficient condition of the genre, though card games that do not use a standard deck of cards (as well as games that use neither cards nor a gameboard) are often colloquially included  Most games use a standardized and unchanging board (chess, Go, and backgammon each have such a board), but some games use a modular board whose component tiles or cards can assume varying layouts from one session to another, or even during gameplay 

game component  
See component 

game equipment  
See equipment 

game piece  
See piece 

gameplay  
The execution of a game; or specifically its strategy, tactics, conventions, or mechanics 

gamer  
A person who plays board game(s)  See also player 
 
gamespace  
A gameboard for a three-dimensional game (e g , the 5×5×5 cubic board for Raumschach) 

grace  
An extra turn 

H
handicap  
An advantage given to a weaker side at the start of a game to level the winning chances against a stronger opponent  Go has formal handicap systems (see Go handicaps); chess has traditional handicap methods not used in rated competitions (see Chess handicap) 

hex  
In hexagon-based board games, this is the common term for a standard space on the board  This is most often used in wargaming, though many abstract strategy games such as Abalone, Agon, hexagonal chess, GIPF project games, and connection games use hexagonal layouts 

huff  
The forfeiture of a piece as a penalty for infringing a rule 

I
in hand  
A piece in hand is one currently not in play on the gameboard, but may be entered into play on a turn  Examples are captured pieces in shogi or Bughouse chess, able to be dropped into play as a move; or pieces that begin the game in a staging area off the main board, as in Ludo or Chessence 

in play  
A piece active on the main board, not in hand or in a staging area  Antonym: out of play 

interception capture  
See custodian capture 

intervention capture  
A capture method the reverse of the custodian method: a player captures two opponent pieces by moving to occupy the empty space between them 

J
jump  
To move a piece over one or more pieces or spaces on the gameboard  Depending on the context, jumping may include  capturing an opponent's piece  See also Game mechanics § Capture/eliminate 

L
leap  
See jump 

M
man  
In chess, a piece or a pawn  In draughts, an uncrowned (i e  not a king) piece 

meeple  
A game piece that represents a person in concept, shaped like an approximation of a person 

mill  
Three or more pieces in a line of adjacent spaces 

move  
See turn 

O
odds  
See handicap 

open board  
A gameboard with no pieces, or one piece, in play  Typically for demonstration or instruction 

order of play  
See direction of play 

orthogonal  
A horizontal (straight left or right) or vertical (straight forward or backward) direction a piece moves on a gameboard 

out of play  
A piece not active on the main board, it might be in hand or in a staging area  Antonym: in play 

over the board 
A game played face to face with the opponent, as opposed to playing remotely (online or other means, for e g  correspondence chess) 

P
pass  
The voluntary or involuntary forfeiture of a turn by a player 

pie rule  
Used in some two-player games to eliminate any advantage of moving first  After the first player's opening move, the second player may optionally swap sides 

piece  
Or bit, checker, chip, counter, disc, draughtsman, game piece, man, meeple, mover, pawn, player piece, playing piece, singleton, stone, token, unit  A player's representative on the gameboard made of a piece of material made to look like a known object (such as a scale model of a person, animal, or inanimate object) or otherwise general symbol  Each player may control one or more pieces  Some games involve commanding multiple pieces, such as chess pieces or Monopoly houses and hotels, that have unique designations and capabilities within the parameters of the game; in other games, such as Go, all pieces controlled by a player have the same capabilities  In some modern board games, such as Clue, there are other pieces that are not a player's representative (i e  weapons)  In some games, such as mancala games, pieces may not represent or belong to any particular player  Mancala pieces are undifferentiated and  typically seeds but sometimes beans, coins, cowry shells, ivory balls, or pebbles  Note that in chess usage the term piece in some contexts only refers to some of the pieces, which are also known as chessmen  See also Counter (board wargames) 
playboard  
See gameboard 

player  
The participant(s) in the game  See also gamer 

playing area 
The spaces on a gameboard for use by pieces in play 

playspace 
See playing area 

point  
See space 

polyhedral dice  
Dice that are not cubes, usually some kind of Platonic solid  Polyhedral dice are generally referred to through the construction "d + number of sides" (ex  d4, d8, d12, d20)  See also dice 

R
rank 
A straight line of spaces running from one side to the other across a gameboard at right angle to a file  Also called row 

replacement capture  
See displacement capture 

row  
See rank 

rule  
A condition or stipulation by which a game is played 

ruleset  
The comprehensive set of rules which define and govern a game 

S
singleton  
A game piece that is isolated and often prone to attack 

space  
A physical unit of progress on a gameboard delimited by a distinct border, and not further divisible according to the game's rules  Alternatively, a unique position on the board on which a piece in play may be located  For example, in Go, the pieces are placed on grid line intersections called points, and not in the areas bounded by the borders, as in chess  The bounded area geometries can be square (e g  chess), rectangular (e g  shogi), hexagonal (e g  Chinese Checkers), triangular (e g  Bizingo), quadrilateral (e g  three-player chess), cubic (e g  Raumschach), or other shapes (e g  Circular chess)  Cf  gamespace  See also Game mechanics § Movement 

square  
See space 

staging area  
A space set aside from the main gameboard to contain pieces in hand  In Ludo, the staging areas are called yards  In shogi, pieces in hand are placed on komadai 

starting area  
See staging area   
  
stone  
See piece 

swap  
See exchange 

T
take  
See capture 

token  
See piece 

trade  
See exchange 

triplet  
The same number displayed by three dice 

turn  
A player's opportunity to move a piece or make a decision that influences gameplay  Turns to move usually alternate equally between competing players or teams  See also Turn-based game 

W
White  
Used often to refer to one of the players in two-player games  White's pieces are typically a light color but not necessarily white (e g  backgammon sets use various colors for White; shogi sets have no color distinction between sides)  White often moves first but not always (e g  Black moves first in English draughts, shogi, and Go)  Cf  Black  See also White and Black in chess 

Worker Placement 
A genre of board games in which players take turns selecting an action while optimizing their resources and making meaningful decisions 

Notes



ground_truth: 1919