prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: what is the group called that Dianne Morgan and Joe Wilkinson a part of in the BBC comedy "Two Episodes of Mash"

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Live at the Electric
Live at the Electric is a British comedy series that aired on BBC Three from 31 May 2012 and 28 February 2014 and is hosted by Russell Kane who performed stand-up in between comedy sketches from a variety of performers such as Joe Wilkinson and Diane Morgan's double act Two Episodes of Mash  It also featured comedy duo Totally Tom serving as backstage crew for the show 

External links
Live at the Electric at BBC Online 
Live at the Electric at British Comedy Guide
Passage 2:
Start-rite
Start-rite is a brand of children's shoes  The shoemaker, purportedly Britain's oldest and one of the first manufacturers in Norfolk, was established in 1792 in Norwich, England, by James Smith  His grandson, James Southall, gave the firm its current name; it rose in prominence during the 20th century thanks in part to an iconic poster, reading Children's shoes have far to go, which was displayed on the London Underground for 20 years from 1947  Controversy exists around the origins of the image in this poster  It has been attributed to artists  Andy Wood, William Grimmond, Joe Wilkinson of Stanley Studios, Susan Pearce, Nancy Gardner and to the company's own advertising agent In 1955 Start-rite was granted a royal warrant by Queen Elizabeth II to supply footwear for the young Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward   The company was granted a second royal warrant in 1989 by the Prince of Wales to supply children's footwear for Prince William and Prince Harry  This royal warrant was withdrawn in 2003 on production being moved from the UK  In 2016 Prince George was pictured wearing Start-rite shoes in an official portrait taken to commemorate the 90th birthday of the Queen In 2003 the company ceased production in the UK, outsourcing its operations to India and Portugal  The cost cutting move came amid a £600,000 annual loss, which the company reversed the following year to turn a £1 5 million profit  Sales further increased by 20% to 2007 The company focuses on correctly fitting shoes to children's feet, and was the first to introduce variable width fittings for children's shoes  It once maintained concession stores in the now-defunct children's clothing retailer Adams 
Passage 3:
Nora Lewin
Nora Lewin is a fictional character on the TV show Law & Order, played by two-time Academy Award winning actress Dianne Wiest from 2000 to 2002  She appeared in 51 episodes (48 episodes of Law & Order, one episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent and two episodes of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit)  Her character was particularly notable for the fact that she was the first woman in the program's history to hold the position of New York County District Attorney (no woman has held the position in real life)  Pursuant to New York law, an interim District Attorney is appointed by the Governor 

Role within Law & Order
Prior to her appointment as interim DA, Lewin was a law professor, which often provoked her critics to dismiss her as a detached academic with no practical experience  Lewin's term as DA is defined by a liberally directed program of legal application to many notable criminal cases, which often brings her into political and legal dilemmas  While she is an idealist, however, she is not prepared to subvert the correct application of the law due to her personal beliefs  In a 2001 episode, she is confronted with the decision to pursue the death penalty in a conviction of an 18-year-old murderer  While she personally opposes the death penalty, she realizes that her office would be seen as soft on crime, and reluctantly succumbs to political pressure  The young man is found guilty and sent to death row Lewin works closely with Jack McCoy (Sam Waterston) and Abbie Carmichael (Angie Harmon)  Her political beliefs often put her into conflict with both of them, especially the latter, a staunch political conservative  After Carmichael leaves the DA's office, Lewin replaces her with Serena Southerlyn (Elisabeth Röhm), whose liberal idealism more closely resembles her own political philosophy She has a niece, indicating that she has at least one sibling 

Departure
In September 2002, after two years of her term as District Attorney, Lewin departs the office  The manner in which she departed the show is never specified on screen  However, in his tie-in book Law & Order: Crime Scenes, Dick Wolf wrote that his intention for the character was that Lewin found herself disenchanted with the position of D A , and opted not to run for election following her interim term  Fred Dalton Thompson subsequently joined the cast as Republican Arthur Branch  Wiest later stated, in the book Actors at Work, written by Rosemarie Tichler and Barry Jay Kaplan, that she was tired of the role and wished to move on to other projects 
In her first scene, Lewin is introduced to McCoy by Mayor Rudy Giuliani (playing himself in a cameo appearance), who praises Lewin's record and assures her that she will do a fine job as District Attorney 

Appearances on other TV series
Law & Order: Criminal Intent
Season One
Episode 1: "One"
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Season Three
Episode 10: "Ridicule"
Season Four
Episode 1: "Chameleon"
Passage 4:
Lucy Davis
Lucy Clare Davis (born 17 February 1973) is an English actress best known for playing Dawn Tinsley in the BBC comedy The Office (2001–2003)  
She is also known for her roles as Hilda Spellman in the Netflix series The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2018–2020), Dianne in the horror-comedy Shaun of the Dead (2004), and Etta Candy in Wonder Woman (2017)  She is also currently playing the role of Eva in Disney Channel's action comedy series The Villains of Valley View, which premiered on 3 June 2022 

Career
Davis appeared briefly in an episode of The Detectives, a show created for and starring her father (Jasper Carrott)  She played Maria Lucas in the BBC's 1995 production of Pride and Prejudice, and also had a role in the 1996 Christmas special of One Foot in the Grave  After her breakthrough role as Dawn Tinsley in The Office, Davis appeared in the films Sex Lives of the Potato Men and Shaun of the Dead in 2004, whilst continuing to play Hayley Jordan in The Archers on BBC Radio 4  She gave up this last role when her other acting responsibilities made it impossible to continue, and the part was recast in September 2005 
Davis appeared in the third-season episode "Elephants and Hens" of UK TV programme Black Books  In 2006, Davis appeared as the "Fashion TV" host on ABC's Ugly Betty, and later that year played writer Lucy Kenwright in NBC's Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip  In 2008, she appeared in several episodes of the US series Reaper  In 2010, Davis starred in ITV's six-episode comedy drama, Married Single Other, and also appeared in a guest role in The Mentalist alongside her then-husband Owain Yeoman  Davis also appears in the John Landis-produced thriller Some Guy Who Kills People  In 2012, Davis had a guest voice part in Family Guy for the episode "Be Careful What You Fish For"  Davis appeared in series two, episode eight of the BBC series Death in Paradise (2013)  She became a Patron for the performing arts group Theatretrain in 2012 Davis plays the role of Etta Candy in the 2017 film Wonder Woman  Her performance marked the first live action cinematic portrayal of that comic book character  Davis has said of the character: "She's a woman in a man's world and so being heard and seen aren't the easiest things, but it kind of doesn't deter her  Etta is unapologetically herself and I think that that's the thing that has drawn me to her the most    it took quite a while in my life to be unapologetically myself "Davis appeared in the Netflix series The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina as Hilda Spellman, which aired from 2018 to 2020  She is starring as Eva, known as the supervillain Surge, on the Disney Channel sitcom The Villains of Valley View which premiered on 3 June 2022 

Personal life
Davis is the daughter of Hazel Jackson and comedian Robert Davis, better known as Jasper Carrott  In December 1997, Davis underwent a kidney transplant after being diagnosed with kidney failure during a medical examination  Her mother donated the kidney  Around Christmas 2005 she was hospitalised once again because of kidney failure, but later recovered  Davis also has type 1 diabetes On 9 December 2006, Davis married Welsh actor Owain Yeoman at St Paul's Cathedral, London  The wedding was attended by fellow The Office cast members and writers  Davis was entitled to marry there as her father is an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and St Paul's contains the chapel of the order  The couple separated in January 2011 and divorced in October 2011 In 2007, Davis posed nude in the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals's campaign against the Guards Division's continued use of traditional bearskin caps 

Filmography
Film
Television
Radio
Passage 5:
Diane Morgan
Diane Morgan (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress, comedian, television presenter, and writer  She is best known for playing Philomena Cunk on Charlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe and in other mockumentaries, as Liz in the BBC Two sitcom Motherland, and Kath in the Netflix dark comedy series After Life  She also wrote and starred in the BBC Two comedy series Mandy 

Early life
Morgan was born in Bolton, Greater Manchester on 5 October 1975, daughter of a physiotherapist and a stay-at-home mother; she has one brother  She grew up in nearby Farnworth and Kearsley, and attended George Tomlinson School in Kearsley  When she was 20, she studied at the East 15 Acting School in Loughton  She said in a 2020 interview, "There were a few actors on [my father]'s side of the family: Julie Goodyear, Frank Finlay and Jack Wild  What a dynasty  We're like the Redgraves  Julie's got a touch of the Mandys, actually  Maybe I could cast her as Mandy's mum "

Career
Morgan had a small part as Dawn in Peter Kay's Phoenix Nights before a spell working various jobs, including as a dental assistant, a telemarketer, a potato peeler at a chip shop, selling Avon, and boxing up worming tablets in a factory  She subsequently made her first attempt at stand-up comedy  She was placed second in the Hackney Empire New Act of the Year award in 2006, and as runner-up in the 2006 Funny Women Awards Morgan and Joe Wilkinson later formed a sketch comedy duo called Two Episodes of Mash  From 2008, they performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe for three consecutive years, and in 2010, they appeared on Robert Webb's satirical news show Robert's Web  In 2012, the act completed its second BBC radio series (co-starring David O'Doherty), and appeared in BBC Three's Live at the Electric  In the same year, she appeared in Him & Her, which featured Wilkinson, and in 2013, she played Nicola in the TV series Pat & Cabbage  In 2014, she made an appearance in the TV series Utopia, as Tess, and in 2015, she appeared in two episodes of Drunk History 

Philomena Cunk
Morgan is perhaps best known for her portrayal of Philomena Cunk, an extremely dim-witted and ill-informed interviewer and commentator on current affairs  The character first appeared in a regular segment on Charlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe (2013–2015)  Cunk has since appeared in other mockumentary contexts  In December 2016, she presented BBC Two's Cunk on Christmas  In April 2018, the five-part historical mockumentary Cunk on Britain began broadcasting on BBC Two  Also in 2018, Morgan wrote Cunk on Everything: The Encyclopedia Philomena, published by Two Roads on 1 November  In December 2019, Morgan appeared as Cunk for short episodes of Cunk and Other Humans, once again on BBC Two  She returned in a one-off episode of Charlie Brooker's Weekly Wipe titled "Antiviral Wipe", about the COVID-19 pandemic, in May 2020  Another series, Cunk on Earth, began broadcasting in September 2022  For her performance in the latter, Morgan was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Female Comedy Performance 

Other roles
Morgan played David Brent's public relations guru in the film David Brent: Life on the Road (2016)  She has appeared in several short films, including The Boot Sale, which was shortlisted in the Virgin Media Shorts film competition 2010 In 2016, Morgan played Mandy in Sky One's comedy Rovers, appearing in all six episodes of the first series  She also appeared in the pilot for the BBC2 comedy We the Jury as Olivia  She also plays receptionist Talia in Sky's comedy drama Mount Pleasant and Liz in the BBC2 sitcom Motherland 
Morgan plays Kath in the Netflix black-comedy series After Life, written by Ricky Gervais  She starred in the Gold sitcom The Cockfields, again alongside Wilkinson, and in comedy-drama Frayed in 2019  In 2019, she wrote, directed, and starred in the BBC2 comedy short Mandy, described as "a comedy by Diane Morgan about Mandy, a woman who really, really wants a sofa, and will stop at absolutely nothing to get it"  Carol Decker appeared as herself in the short  The character returned in August 2020 for the full series Mandy, with Shaun Ryder, Maxine Peake, and Natalie Cassidy in guest roles  A Christmas special, We Wish You a Mandy Christmas, loosely based on A Christmas Carol, was broadcast in December 2021 Also in 2020, Morgan played Gemma Nerrick in the British mockumentary Death to 2020, created by Charlie Brooker and Annabel Jones  She reprised the role in Death to 2021  She voiced the character 105E in the 2021 animated Cartoon Network series Elliott from Earth 
In April 2022, Morgan starred as Donna in the first episode of the seventh series of Inside No  9  In December 2022, Morgan reprised her role as Liz on Motherland for the Christmas special 

Personal life
Morgan lives in the Bloomsbury district of London with her boyfriend, BBC comedy producer Ben Caudell Interviewed by Stuart Jeffries for The Guardian' in 2016, she said, "I've always wanted to make people laugh  It's been my only ambition, ever since my dad introduced me to the genius of the great comedians: Tony Hancock, Woody Allen, people like that  While other kids were into New Kids on the Block, I was into Harold Lloyd and Stan Laurel  I'm still like that  I don't have any hobbies "

Filmography
Passage 6:
My Family (series 10)
The tenth series of the BBC family sitcom My Family originally aired between 9 July 2010, and 27 August 2010, with a Christmas special that went to air on 24 December 2010  The series was commissioned following consistent ratings from the previous series  The opening episode, "Wheelie Ben", re-introduces the six main characters, with the addition of regular appearances from Kenzo Harper, played by Tayler Marshall  However, the character of Roger Bailey only made an appearance in the series finale  All episodes from the tenth series are thirty minutes in length, with the exception of the Christmas Special  The series was once again produced by Rude Boy Productions, a company that produces comedies created by Fred Barron  Unlike previous series of the show, which were filmed on a yearly basis, both Series 10 and 11 were filmed back-to-back  For the first time in the show's history, two episodes of the series remained unaired for some time  At the time of release, the DVD of the series contained two episodes that had yet to be broadcast on television  On 17 June 2011, one of these two episodes were aired, and the remaining one aired on 22 July 2011  The series averaged 4 55 million per episode; however, they managed to get over 6 00 million viewers for the Christmas Special 

Episode Information
Notes
Passage 7:
David Earl (actor)
David Geoffrey Earl (born 20th March 1974) is a British actor and comedian, best known for his comedy character Brian Gittins  He has featured in several projects associated with Ricky Gervais, most notably as Kevin "Kev" Twine in the comedy-drama Derek, and in smaller roles in Extras, After Life and the film Cemetery Junction  Earl also works frequently with comic Joe Wilkinson  Together they co-wrote and starred in the sitcom Rovers, and the comedy series The Cockfields  They also host three podcasts called Gossipmongers, Chatabix and My New Football Club  He also co-wrote and starred in the feature film Brian and Charles where he plays an isolated inventor who builds a robot 

Early life
Earl was born in Crawley in 1974  Before undertaking any acting roles, Earl worked as a gardener and as a van driver, delivering building tools 

Comedy career
One of Earl's earliest online videos featured him playing a character called Graham, which he sent to a friend who showed it to Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant  They liked the video and Gervais asked Earl to play an obsessive fan, based on the character from the video, who talks to Andy Millman in a pub in an episode of Extras  Around this time Earl played Tony Queen in the film The Penalty King Earl went on to create a number of online videos in character as Brian Gittins and played this role in the film Cemetery Junction  In 2012 a sitcom pilot entitled Gittins was broadcast on Channel 4  In the pilot Gittins works as a taxi driver: previously the character had been a cafe owner and this discrepancy is highlighted in an episode of the podcast Flatshare Slamdown, in which Earl appears as Brian  He releases regular Brian Gittins and Friends podcasts Another of Earl's characters is Steve "Cumbo" Cumberland, who features in a number of online videos, including a Channel 4 Comedy Blaps series, co-written with Brett Goldstein In 2011, Earl was revealed to be the person behind the popular Twitter account of Dr Peter Thraft, a supposed sex therapist 

Personal life
Earl has three children and lives in Devon 

Filmography
Podcasts
The Brian Gittins Show
A live radio show hosted on Spreaker from 2012-2017, where Brian played the role of 'the worst radio presenter in the world'  Callers would Skype in from around the world, and these included David Edwards and Charles Petrescu 

Brian Gittins and Friends
Brian, David Edwards and Charles Petrescu have a chat with various comedians  It started in 2016, with guests including John Kearns, Lolly Adefope, and Scroobius Pip 

Gossipmongers
In 2019, David Earl, Joe Wilkinson and Poppy Hillstead began a podcast called Gossipmongers, a weekly podcast where listeners send in unsubstantiated rumours  At the end of each episode they choose their favourite piece of gossip from that episode  In 2020 Poppy was booted from the podcast by Joe and David 

Chatabix
In 2021, David Earl and Joe Wilkinson began a podcast called Chatabix, a daily weekday podcast recorded very early in the morning 

My New Football Club
In 2021, David Earl and Jon Beer began a podcast called My New Football Club  A weekly podcast about David becoming a new fan of Exeter City 
Passage 8:
7 Day Sunday
7 Day Sunday (7 Day Saturday in 2013) is a British comedy radio talk show hosted by Al Murray on BBC Radio 5 Live  Broadcast weekly on Sunday mornings, the show takes an irreverent look at the topical news stories of the past seven days  
Originally presented by Chris Addison: he was joined by regular guests Sarah Millican and Andy Zaltzman, and a fourth special guest each episode  It premièred in January 2010 to mixed reviews  It returned for a second series in September 2010  Al Murray served as host for the last five episodes of the second series, joined by regular guests Rebecca Front and Joe Wilkinson  The show returned for a third series in January 2012 with Murray hosting alongside Andy Zaltzman and Rebecca Front as the regular guests  A fourth series followed from September 2012 

History
7 Day Sunday was announced as a new show on 11 December 2009, to be hosted by Addison and broadcast for an hour in the 11 am to 12 noon slot  The guests for the opening episode were to be Zaltzman, Millican, and a special guest  It was to replace another comedy show The Christian O'Connell Solution, hosted by Christian O'Connell with Bob Mills  The new show was to begin on 10 January 2010, as part of the wider re-organisation of 5 Live's schedule which had already begun to be announced in October 2009, the largest since controller Adrian Van Klaveren joined the station in April 2008 The show is produced for 5 Live by Avalon Television  It was initially commissioned for a 20-week run  This first series duly ran from 10 January 2010 until 6 June 2010  After three months it resumed for a second series on 5 September 2010 until 3 April 2011  The third series began 8 January 2012 In press interviews during March 2010 while promoting his upcoming stand-up tour, Addison explained that doing a radio show was a childhood ambition, and that as a "current affairs junkie", hosting 7 Day Sunday was ideal, more relaxed than television and good fun, with the weekly deadline being a good motivation 

Format
When the show was announced, it was cast as a topical news series aiming to "pull apart the week's big news stories and see what makes them tick", with Addison describing it as "four relatively ill-informed idiots fail to take the news seriously for an hour" 

Hosts and regulars
The following people have hosted the show during its run:

As well as the host there are usually two other regulars plus a guest   For series 1 and 2 regulars were Andy Zaltzman and Sarah Millican   For series 3 Rebecca Front replaced Sarah Millican 

Broadcasts
Last updated January 2018The show aired on Sundays from 11 am to noon  It once aired at 9 pm on 31 January 2010  The series occasionally missed a week for sporting events (Formula 1 Grand Prix, London Marathon, etc ) 
Series One featured 20 episodes which were broadcast between 10 January 2010 and 6 June 2010   There were no episodes broadcast on 7 February 2010, 25 April 2010 Series Two consisted of 26 episodes, broadcast between 5 September 2010 and 3 April 2011  There were no episode broadcast on 19 September 2010, 3 October 2010, 26 December 2010, 2 January 2010 and 30 January 2010 Series Three had 15 episodes which were broadcast between 8 January 2012 and 6 May 2012  No episode was broadcast on 25 March 2012 Series Four also had 15 episodes, began on 9 September 2012, and ended on 16 December 
In 2013, the show returned for a new, slightly different series: it was moved to Saturdays, renamed 7 Day Saturday, had 11 episodes between 8 June and 24 August, kept Al Murray as host, and featured Andy Zaltzman and two guests each programme  There was also a Christmas special, 7 Days of Christmas, broadcast on 24 December 2013 
Series Five only had 5 episodes, broadcast between 11 May and 8 June 2014 
The last edition of 7 Day Sunday was broadcast on 9 August 2015  This edition was hosted by Jenny Eclair, with the final guests included Andy Zaltzman, Holly Walsh and Stephen Grant 
The show was made available on the BBC's iPlayer service and as a podcast, which features additional material 

Reception
After the first show, Jane Thynne of The Independent questioned the lack of variety, covering as it did mainly the heavy snowfall with little political content, which given Addison had made his name in a political satire, she found odd  She ultimately reserved judgement on the show, calling Addison witty but recommending he slow down the pace and stop his "nervous giggling" Chris Campling of The Times criticised the first episode as being a duplicate of the "dismal, desperate" The Christian O'Connell Solution it replaced, with a turgid format  Persevering, he described the second episode as just as dreary with no chemistry and "none of the News Quiz-esque scoring of laughter points, where clever people fall over each other in their desperation to be funnier than the last "After the third episode, Elisabeth Mahoney of The Guardian said the show was "really quite funny" but the listener needed to stay focussed on the content as the four way dialogue was quite involved as it covered a comprehensive sweep of topics  For listeners who might want to multi-task on a Sunday morning, she recommended Dave Gorman's show on Absolute Radio 
Passage 9:
John Jackson (writer)
John Jackson is an English television screenwriter 

Life and career
After leaving Cambridge University, John Jackson developed and script edited the ITV soap Night and Day  Altogether he wrote 35 episodes for the TV Series  In 2009 he wrote the episode The King Is Dead, Long Live the King…  for the BBC One series Robin Hood  From 2010 to 2012 he wrote two episodes of the serial drama Lip Service  From 2011 until 2013 he wrote three episodes for the supernatural drama Being Human  This brought him a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best TV Drama Series  He also wrote two episodes for the Being Human spin off Becoming Human In 2014 Jackson wrote an episode for another BBC Three series, In the Flesh  He would become a regular writer on ITV's Grantchester, and in 2020, was lead writer on season 3 of Sky's Riviera 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
Awards
Writers' Guild of Great Britain Award:

2012: Best TV Drama Series (Being Human)
Passage 10:
Egypt (TV series)
Egypt is a BBC television docudrama serial portraying events in the history of Egyptology from the 18th through early 20th centuries  It originally aired on Sunday nights at 9 pm on BBC1 in 2005  The first two episodes explored the work of Howard Carter and his archaeological quest in Egypt in the early part of the twentieth century  The next two episodes focused on the eccentric explorer "The Great Belzoni" played here by Matthew Kelly  The final two episodes dramatise the discovery and deciphering of the Rosetta Stone by Jean-François Champollion (Elliot Cowan) 
The music was recorded by the Warsaw Radio Orchestra and is featured on the CD Timeless Histories by Chappell music, produced by Clare Isaacs 

Production
The series was a major new docudrama series produced by the BBC for the Autumn 2005 schedule 
"The whole idea behind the series was to be able to discover Ancient Egypt through the eyes of Howard Carter – famous for uncovering the tomb of Tutankhamun; The Great Belzoni – an amazing adventurer and explorer; and the scholar Jean-François Champollion, who was the first to decipher the Rosetta Stone and open up the meaning of hieroglyphics "
In order to create a sense of "seeing the treasures of Ancient Egypt for the first time", Dolling and Bradshaw felt it essential to film at the actual archaeological sites referenced in the series 

"We had fantastic help from the Government and a local production crew, they managed to fix it for us to film in areas that, as far as we know, have never been used by other television or film productions "
"Being the first UK TV company to attempt such a project in the most amazing historical sights was very exhilarating, and to be able to return them - with additional sets and some computer imagery - to how they were during the time of the Pharaohs was incredible "
Filming at such invaluable and popular sites created new challenges for the film makers 

"Keeping people out of shot was one — sometimes this was nearing impossible — but we tended to shoot early in the day so disruptions were kept to a minimum  The other was obviously making sure we didn't damage anything, which thankfully we managed!"
"It was difficult keeping such a unique project running so far from home, and it is a tribute to the cast and crew that we managed to succeed  The series really is great and looks fantastic, well worth all the hard work "
The co-production between BBC and The Learning Channel was initially budgeted at around £6 5m but problems filming on location in Egypt, including the weather and illness, meant the producers required another £2million  Post production costs involved in recreating Ancient Egypt meant that the final costs could have resulted in a £5million overspend but the BBC denied this 

"To suggest the overspend is anything in the [range of] £5m is utterly ridiculous — it is simply not true  This was a huge project shot on location in Egypt and, as with any project of such scale, we had contingency funds available to us — so the unavoidable overspend was accommodated for and fully authorised "
"I think it's useful to point out that the cost per hour of Egypt will still be lower than other comparable programmes such as Pompeii, Genghis Khan and Pyramid  In fact, due to the international co-financing, this is actually incredibly good value for money providing full period drama for the budget normally associated with a documentary "
Several multi-media productions were commissioned to tie-in with the series including interactive drama BBC Egypt Interactive, award-winning online-game Death in Sakkara: An Egyptian Adventure, and an interactive exhibition at BBC Birmingham A companion series Egyptian Journeys with Dan Cruickshank, in which architectural historian Cruickshank travels the country to explore some of the intriguing stories that have emerged from ancient Egypt, was broadcast concurrently on BBC Two 

Reception
Reviews
Sam Wollaston writing about episode one in The Guardian said that he "was expecting to hate this show," fearing it would be "narration interspersed with lame reconstruction," but he was pleased to discover it was, in fact, "a proper drama, with a very decent script and real actors " "And it's a great story, too," he states, although he did not enjoy the re-enactments of the life of Tutankhamun, which he described as "olive-skinned actors with non-speaking parts and an awful lot of eye-liner, wandering around in a semi-darkness lit by flickering candles," and claims were not necessary, "but maybe that will help to sell it to America " He concludes that he is "looking forward to part two "David Liddiment writing in The Guardian complimented the cleverly twinning of this docudrama with the more cerebral Egyptian Journeys with Dan Cruickshank on BBC Two but he points out that this was done during the final stages of the BBC's charter renewal review and insists that the corporation should keep up standards after this process is completed 

Ratings
Episode one (2005-10-30): 7 million viewers (29% audience share) 
Episode two (2005-11-06): 6 million viewers (24% audience share) 
Episode three (2005-11-13): 5 7 million viewers (23% audience share) 
Episode four (2005-11-20): 4 8 million viewers 
Episode five (2005-11-27): 4 5 million viewers (18% audience share) 

Episodes
Part one: Howard Carter
The story of the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun by Howard Carter and the popular belief in the Curse of the Pharaohs, a supposed result of Carter's disturbing Tutankhamen's resting place  The episodes include short dramatizations of the life of Tutankhamun 

Episode one: The Search for Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun vanished from history in 1324 BC following his hurried burial and the erasure of his name from all monuments  In the winter of 1898 Carter is at the temples of Deir el Bahri recording wall reliefs threatened by a freak storm when he is thrown from his horse and makes a discovery in the sand  Retired Boston lawyer Theodore M  Davis funds Carter's excavation of Queen Hatshepsut's tomb but it is found to be empty and Carter deprived of further funding is reduced to selling his paintings to tourists on the street 
In 1905 Lord Carnarvon arrives in Luxor to convalesce after a road accident and is shown an artifact bearing the cartouche of the mysterious Tutankhamun discovered by Davis on his new dig  Tutankhamun succeeded his heretical father as pharaoh at the age of 8 and was named in honour of Amun to symbolise his mission to restore the old gods and save the empire from turmoil  An inspired Carnarvon employs Carter but they are denied access to the Valley of the Kings for which only Davis has a permit  Amidst the flurry of construction that marked the beginning of Tutankhamun's reign the most important to the boy Pharaoh would have been that of his tomb  An ailing Davis announces his discovery of this, the final Pharaoh's tomb, prior to his retirement  Carter doubts the find and convinces Carnarvon to take up the concession  The methodical and meticulous excavation commences in 1914 but is quickly interrupted by World War I 
The Carnarvons return to Egypt at the end of the war and Carter recommences his excavation but with a continued lack of results leading to doubts that any undiscovered tombs are left in the valley the funding is finally cut in 1922  Tutankhamun's tomb was well concealed to ensure his undisturbed afterlife  Carter convinces Carnarvon to fund one last season during which the tomb is finally unearthed  When the tomb is opened in the presence of Carnarvon and his daughter it is revealed to be the only unplundered pharaoh's tomb in the valley 

Episode two: The Curse of Tutankhamun
In 1922 Carter goes to the Egyptian Antiquities Service in Cairo to announce his discovery but disagrees with Director Pierre Lacau over the clearance and cataloguing of the contents  The discovery revealed a dark time in the history of Egypt and the death of its boy king  Carter assembles an international team of experts to commence the work under the unwelcome scrutiny of Lacau's inspector and the western press  Carnarvon's cavalier attitude to the finds he considers his property starts to infuriate both Carter and Lacau 
As the finds are slowly catalogued and removed Carter becomes close to Carnarvon's daughter Evelyn but his strictness begins to alienate his team  Tutankhamun was married to his own sister but the union failed to produce an heir to secure the future of the kingdom  Stories of the curse begin to circulate as Carter breaks through into the burial chamber to reveal an intact tomb  As Lacau threatens to take over the excavation and several of the experts quit, Carnarvon questions Carter over his leadership and his relationship with Evelyn  When he came of age Tutankhamun took over control of the kingdom from his military advisor Ay only to die from unknown causes shortly thereafter  Carter rushes to Carnarvon's death-bed where the two make-up  Upon Tutankhamun's death Ay seized the throne and married the widowed queen  Carter, disappointed by Evelyn's engagement to another man, returns to continue his work  Tutankhamun's death came before the royal tomb could be completed so he was hastily buried in the tomb Ay had prepared for himself  Lacau takes over the running of the tomb in 1924 when Carter and his team stop work to protest continued Egyptian interference 
The following year Carter is called back by Lacau to reopen the tomb with funding from Lady Carnarvon  The team start to extract the nested coffins revealing one of them to be made of pure gold that confirms the presence of a Pharaoh  The team begin to notice evidence that the burial was done in a hurry as the body itself is finally uncovered  When Ay died without heir a new dynasty took to the throne that erased all references to the Boy King  In 1932 with his work complete Carter leaves the tomb for the last time and hands the key to Lacau 

Cast
Stuart Graham as Howard Carter
Julian Wadham as Lord Carnarvon
Caroline Langrishe as Lady Carnarvon
Alex Weaver as Evelyn Carnarvon
Valentine Pelka as Pierre Lacau
William Hope as Theodore M  Davis
Laurence Fox as Leonard

Part two: The Great Belzoni
The story of Italian engineer and circus strongman Giovanni Belzoni who became the most unlikely Egyptologist the world has ever seen, intercut with Flashbacks to the life of Ramses the Great, in whose footsteps Belzoni would continually stray 

Episode three: The Pharaoh and the Showman
A dissatisfied Belzoni leaves England with his wife, Sarah, and servant, James Curtin, to see the world  Finding themselves destitute in the streets of Cairo after work on an irrigation project falls through, they are rescued by the eccentric John Lewis Bukhardt who introduces them to British Consul Henry Salt  Belzoni is hired to recover the massive Head of Memnon, later revealed to a statue of the Pharaoh Ramesses the Great, as a gift for the British Museum  Arriving in Luxor in 1816 amidst a gold rush of black market antiquities dealers Belzoni finds himself unwelcome 
At the Ramesseum Belzoni examines the head and devises a plan for its removal  The local Caimakan, under advice from Belzoni's French rival Bernardino Drovetti, denies Belzoni's permit and initially refuses to supply labour until threats bring him around  Ramesses marriage to his true love Nefertari was fruitful and secured the family line and the country too was fertile thanks to the annual flooding of the Nile  The approaching flood season however threatens to strand the head in the heart of the flood plain bringing an abrupt halt to Belzoni's mission  When the local labourers finally arrive Belzoni immediately sets to work moving the head using the same techniques its builders had used 3,000 years previous  Belzoni sends the ailing Jim back to Cairo to request a bigger boat so that they can collect even more antiquities and with time running out is forced to take greater risks to get the head to the bank of the Nile 
With the head secured the Belzonis heads south along the Nile to Abu Simbal in uncharted Nubia to expand the collection of antiquities  Ramesses built two temples at Abu Simbal; one dedicated his beloved wife and the other to his military prowess in the first victorious campaign  Belzoni locates the entrance to the Great Temple but finds it blocked, and so forced to head back to Cairo he vows to return to excavate the site the following season 

Episode four: The Temple of the Sands
Belzoni, arriving back in Cairo, is informed by Salt that only the head is to be sent to the British Museum while the rest of the antiquities he has collected are to be kept at the consulate  Salt refuses to fund an excavation at Abu Simbal and Belzoni is sent south again with Salt's secretary William Beechey and a local dealer called Yanni  Belzoni, whilst becalmed at Minya  spots Yenni talking to his French rival Drovetti and hastily rides to Luxor determined to get there first  Arriving to late Belzoni discovers that the entire area licensed to Drovetti and he must dig elsewhere 
Belzoni, guided by the image of Ramesses, digs in an unlicensed area and discovers a perfectly preserved bust  An infuriated Drovetti has the local ruler issue an edict against Belzoni  With no other option Belzoni heads south to the Island of Philae to collect the antiquities he has stored there only to discover upon arrival that the French have ransacked them  Funds arrive from Salt to begin excavation at Abu Simbal and Belzoni heads to the site with two British Royal Navy officers  Work progresses slowly in the shifting desert until Belzoni devises a plan to build a palisade to hold back the sand  With the entrance uncovered the group cautiously enter to view the magnificent interior  Belzoni records every detail of the temple decorations, which celebrate the capture of Kadesh that made Ramesses a great warrior king  Back in Luxor Belzoni, reunited with Sarah and Jim, is threatened by Drevetti but undeterred he heads deep into the western hills where he enters the Valley of the Kings  Belzoni learns from Yanni and Beechey that Salt is selling off the antiquities he collects rather than donating them to the British Museum 
Persuaded to go on with his explorations Belzoni constructs a battering ram to break through the thick walls of the valley side and open up an undiscovered tomb  Defying booby-traps Belzoni pushes on into the lavish interior of the tomb where he enters the burial chamber of the Pharaoh Seti I  It was here upon the death of his father that Ramesses started his reign, which would bring peace and prosperity to Egypt  The discovery of Belzoni's Tomb secures the Egyptologist's reputation and makes him a celebrity in his adopted home of London where the British Museum would later honour him 

Cast
Matthew Kelly as Belzoni
Lynsey Baxter as Sarah Belzoni
Nevan Finnigan as James Curtin
Robert Portal as Henry Salt
Richard Dempsey as William Beechey
Thomas Lockyer as John Lewis Bukhardt
Joseph Long as Bernardino Drovetti

Part three: Champollion
Jean-François Champollion uses the Rosetta Stone to unlock the mysteries of the lost civilisation of Ancient Egypt which had been closed off to Europeans for centuries prior to the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798  The stone, discovered by the French in 1799, had been created as a work of propaganda by the Greek-speaking Pharaoh Ptolemy V to establish his place in Egyptian cosmology and flashbacks are included to explain this belief system 

Episode five: The Mystery of the Rosetta Stone
The young Champollion, encouraged to develop his gift for languages by his elder brother, becomes obsessed with deciphering hieroglyphs as a means to telling the age of the world and revenging France against the British who had confiscated the stone in 1801  When Alexander the Great had conquered Egypt, he had fuelled local resentment by bringing in a Greek speaking elite to rule  Their descendant King Tutankhamun had commissioned a series of stones written in Greek, common Egyptian and hieroglyphs for temples across the land to extol his virtues and underline his claim to the throne 
Champollion studies under Silvestre de Sacy in Paris but finds the professor who had himself failed decipher hieroglyphs dismissive of further attempts believing them to be symbolic rather than a true language  English scientist Thomas Young uses mathematics to decipher the inscription like a code whilst Champollion believing hieroglyphs to be representative of a spoken language attempts to relate them to the Coptic language of Egypt's ancient Christian communities  Young makes a number of breakthroughs including the spelling of Ptolemy in hieroglyphs while Champollion finds work as assistant professor at the University of Grenoble  France is thrown into political turmoil in 1815 following defeat at the Battle of Waterloo and the republican Champollion is arrested for sedition and exiled to Figeac until 1821  Eccentric Egyptologist Giovanni Belzoni discovers an obelisk inscribed with the name of Cleopatra in Greek and hieroglyphs at Philae and sends it back to Young in England 
Young makes a mistake in translating the obelisk setting back his work whilst Champollion using a copy of the obelisk creates a hieroglyphic alphabet that he uses along with Coptic to translate the name of Ramesses the Great from sketches of Abu Simbal  Champollion's discovery arouses the suspicions of the Catholic Church who fear hieroglyphs might disprove the historical accuracy of the Bible  Young wishes Champllion good luck in proving his theories but Sacy and the Church are determined to stop him 

Episode six: The Secrets of the Hieroglyphs
Champollion is determined to travel to Egypt to prove his theory but poor and jobless he is reduced to buying up whatever scraps of papyrus he can find and this obsession alienates his wife  The Dendera zodiac purchased by the French King Charles X threatens to challenge the biblical chronologies of church scholars, as it is believed by some to date to before the Great Flood of 2349 BC  Champollion is called in to confirm Sacy's dating of the antiquity to around 2000 BC; he disputes Sacy's dating but not Church authorities by dating it to some 2,000 years later than that during the Roman period 
Champollion is sent to Turin by the King to value a collection put up for sale by the French Consul to Egypt Bernardino Drovetti  Prior to his departure Champollion's wife announces that she is pregnant and she is not pleased by his new job  Champollion builds a strong reputation for himself in Italy even being invited for an audience with Pope Leo XII  Returning to Paris with a large collection of antiquities for the King he is put in charge of the Egyptian collection at the Louvre  The King finally agrees to fund Champollion's expedition to Egypt on the proviso that he does not publish any finds that contradict the teachings of the Church  Champollion, arriving in 1828, starts by studying the Great Pyramid at Giza discovering it to be a tomb built for the Pharaoh Khufu around 2560 BC  At Saqqara he finds the site largely stripped by dealers but in a forgotten tomb he discovers ancient hieroglyphs he translates to prove his theories  Eager to understand the Ancient Egyptians he pushes on to the ancient capital of Thebes where at the sprawling Temple of Karnak he reads the story of Ramesses the Great and the battle against the Hittites at Kadesh 
At Belzoni's Tomb in the Valley of the Kings the ailing Champollion reads the story of Pharaoh Seti I and learns of the burial rites of Pharaohs  He is thus able to comprehend the belief system of the Ancient Egyptians for the first time  Champollion dies back in France 18 months later but his legacy allows Egyptologist to comprehend the meaning behind monuments such as the Great Pyramid of Giza and to decipher papyri that lead to such discoveries as the Tomb of Tutankhamun by Howard Carter 

Cast
Elliot Cowan as Jean-François Champollion
Stuart Bunce as Jacques-Joseph Champollion

Media information
DVD release
Released on Region 2 DVD by BBC Video on 2006-02-06 Also released on Region 1 DVD (2 discs, but does not include the bonus 'Pyramid') by BBC Worldwide 2006-05-23

Companion book
The 2005 companion book to the series was written by author and archaeologist Joyce Tyldesley expands on the series to tell the full story of the discoveries and the colourful characters who made them 

Selected editions
Tyldesley, Joyce (6 October 2005)  Egypt, How A Lost Civilization Was Rediscovered  BBC Books (hardcover)  ISBN 978-0-563-52257-7 
Tyldesley, Joyce (1 June 2003)  Egypt, How A Lost Civilization Was Rediscovered  BBC Books (paperback)  ISBN 978-0-563-49381-5 
Tyldesley, Joyce (18 September 2005)  Egypt, How A Lost Civilization Was Rediscovered  UC Press (hardcover)  ISBN 978-0-520-25020-8 

See also
Building the Great Pyramid
Context 2: Passage 1:
Noah's Compass
Noah's Compass is a novel by Anne Tyler first published in 2009 about a solitary 60-year-old man trying to come to terms with his own life  Critics agree that in this, Tyler's 18th novel, the author again treads familiar territory by setting her novel in Baltimore and by following the life of an inconspicuous man who has never realised his full potential 

Plot summary
On the surface, Liam Pennywell leads an ordered, decent life  Once widowed and once divorced, with three grown-up daughters, he has just been dismissed from his teaching job and, for lack of funds, has moved to a smaller apartment on the outskirts of Baltimore  Toying with the idea of retiring altogether rather than going job hunting at his age, Pennywell is assaulted by a burglar on the very first night he stays at his new place  When he wakes up in hospital with a bandaged head, he cannot remember a thing about the attack 
The loss of memory disturbs him more than the crime itself  In a neurologist's waiting room he observes 38-year-old Eunice accompanying an ageing entrepreneur to his doctor's appointment and finds out that she is working for him as a "rememberer" or, as she herself puts it later, the old man's "external hard drive " Intrigued by this occupation, Pennywell contrives a chance encounter with her, and eventually they strike up a relationship with each other 
Complications in their love affair arise when his youngest daughter, 17-year-old Kitty, decides to move in with him, obviously because she expects to be enjoying more freedom than if she stayed with her mother; and when his middle daughter Louise makes a habit of dumping his four-year-old grandson Jonah at Pennywell's apartment for him to babysit  On top of that, Eunice turns out to be a married woman who, after Pennywell has found out, still does not want to let go of him 
In the end the police arrest the burglar—a juvenile delinquent whose mother has the cheek to ask Pennywell to serve as a character witness at her son's forthcoming trial  By then, Pennywell has made up with his eldest daughter Xanthe, who was bearing an old grudge against her father, has got rid of Eunice, and has got settled in at his new apartment  Also, he has started working as a zayde for Jewish preschool children 

Title
The novel takes its title from a discussion Pennywell has with his grandson about whether Noah was steering his ark, or just bobbing up and down in the flood  "Noah didn't need to figure out directions, because the whole world was underwater and so it made no difference," he tells Jonah  “There wasn't anywhere to go  He was just trying to stay afloat "

Reviews
William Boot: "Do I Have to Read Noah's Compass?", www thedailybeast com (23 January 2010) 
Kathleen Byrne: "Families, They Suck You Up",  The Globe and Mail (29 January 2010) 
Elizabeth Day: "Anne Tyler's Noah's Compass, The Observer (16 August 2009) 
Kathryn Harrison: "The Memory Thief", The New York Times (3 January 2010) BR10 
Yvonne Zipp: "Noah's Compass", The Christian Science Monitor (5 January 2010) 
Links to more reviews at  www reviewsofbooks com 

See also
2009 in literature
Passage 2:
Stanley Elkin
Stanley Lawrence Elkin (May 11, 1930 – May 31, 1995) was an American novelist, short story writer, and essayist  His extravagant, satirical fiction revolves around American consumerism, popular culture, and male-female relationships 

Biography
Elkin was born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in Chicago from age three onwards  He did both his undergraduate and graduate work at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, receiving a bachelor's degree in English in 1952 and a Ph D  in 1961 for his dissertation on William Faulkner  During this period he was drafted and served in the U S  Army from 1955 to 1957  In 1953 Elkin married Joan Marion Jacobson  He was a member of the English faculty at Washington University in St  Louis from 1960 until his death, and battled multiple sclerosis for most of his adult life  In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War During his career, Elkin published ten novels, two volumes of novellas, two books of short stories, a collection of essays, and one (unproduced) screenplay  Elkin's work revolves about American pop culture, which it portrays in innumerable darkly comic variations  Characters and especially prose style take full precedence over plot  His language is extravagant and exuberant, baroque and flowery, taking fantastic flight from his characters' endless patter  "He was like a jazz artist who would go off on riffs," said critic William Gass  In a review of George Mills, Ralph B  Sipper wrote, "Elkin's trademark is to tightrope his way from comedy to tragedy with hardly a slip " About the influence of ethnicity on his work Elkin said he admired most "the writers who are stylists, Jewish or not  Bellow is a stylist, and he is Jewish  William Gass is a stylist, and he is not Jewish  What I go for in my work is language "
Although living in the Midwest, Elkin spent his childhood and teenage summers in a bungalow colony called West Oakland, on the Ramapo River in northern New Jersey not far from Mahwah, the home of Joyce Kilmer  This was a refuge for a close-knit group of several score families, mostly Jewish, from the summer heat of New York City and urban New Jersey  Elkin's writings placed in New Jersey were informed by this experience Elkin won the National Book Critics Circle Award on two occasions: for George Mills in 1982 and for Mrs  Ted Bliss, his last novel, in 1995  The MacGuffin was a finalist for the 1991 National Book Award for Fiction  However, although he enjoyed high critical praise, his books have never enjoyed popular success  The 1976 Jack Lemmon film Alex & the Gypsy was based on Elkin's novella "The Bailbondsman" 
Elkin died May 31, 1995, of a heart attack, twenty days after his 65th birthday  His manuscripts and correspondence are archived in Olin Library at Washington University in St  Louis  Elkin's literary legacy is represented by the literary agency headed by Georges Borchardt 
He has a star on the St  Louis Walk of Fame 

Works
Novels
Boswell: A Modern Comedy (1964)
A Bad Man (1967)
The Dick Gibson Show (1971)
The Franchiser (1976)
The Living End (novella) (1979) ISBN 978-0525070207
George Mills (1982)
The Magic Kingdom (1985)
The Rabbi of Lud (1987)
The MacGuffin (1991) ISBN 978-0671673246
Mrs  Ted Bliss (1995)

Story collections
Criers and Kibitzers, Kibitzers and Criers (1966)
Early Elkin (1985)

Novella collections
Searches and Seizures (1973) (U K  title: Eligible Men (1974))
Van Gogh's Room at Arles (1993)

Other works
"A Prayer for Losers", from the Why Work Series (edited by Gordon Lish) (1966)
Stanley Elkin's Greatest Hits (anthology; foreword by Robert Coover) (1980)
The Six-Year-Old Man (screenplay) (1987)
Pieces of Soap (collected essays) (1992)

Limited editions
The First George Mills  (Part One of George Mills; 376 copies, all signed by Elkin and the illustrator, Jane E  Hughes) (1980)
Why I Live Where I Live (essay; 30 unnumbered copies) (1983)
The Coffee Room (radio play; 95 copies, all signed by Elkin and the illustrator, Michael McCurdy) (1987)

Audio
"A Poetics for Bullies", read by Jackson Beck, with comments by Elkin, in New Sounds in American Fiction, Program 10  (edited by Gordon Lish) (1969)

As editor
Stories From the Sixties (1971)
The Best American Short Stories 1980 (with Shannon Ravenel) (1980)

Awards
1995 – National Book Critics Circle Award for Mrs  Ted Bliss
1994 – PEN Faulkner Award finalist for Van Gogh's Room at Arles
1991 – National Book Award finalist for Fiction for The MacGuffin
1982 – National Book Critics Circle Award for George Mills
Passage 3:
Earthly Possessions (novel)
Earthly Possessions is a 1977 novel by Anne Tyler   This, Tyler's seventh novel, followed Celestial Navigation and Searching for Caleb and preceded her award-winning novels Morgan's Passing, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, The Accidental Tourist, and Breathing Lessons 

Plot
Thirty-five-year-old Charlotte Emory has felt trapped her whole life in Clarion, Maryland—first by her embarrassingly eccentric parents, then by her preacher-husband whom she married too young, and eventually by "his variously afflicted brothers, a daughter who won't answer to her own name, a house full of refugees, an impossible clutter "  She finally decides to run away from it all, rid herself of her "earthly possessions," and start over   When she goes to the bank to withdraw funds for her escape, she gets taken hostage during a holdup   Prison escapee Jake Simms forces Charlotte into a stolen car and they head for Florida 
"Earthly Possessions…contains a chilling portrait of a habitual criminal, Jake Simms, Jr , who blames every destructive and chaotic act of his own on someone else   He kidnaps our heroine, the surpassingly amiable Charlotte Emory because while he was robbing a bank a bystander happened to produce a gun   "I could be clean free," he tells his victim, "and you safe home with your kids by now if it wasn't for him   Guy like that ought to be locked up "  As the chase continues, and the kidnapping lengthens into a kind of marriage, he persuades himself, "it ain't me keeping you it's them   If they would quit hounding me then we could go our separate ways…"  This is perfect loser psychology, the mental technology of digging a bottomless pit; but Anne Tyler would have us believe that Jake is saved from falling in by the doll-like apparition of a wee seventeen-year-old girl he has impregnated, Mindy Callender "Jake Simms' mission—besides avoiding arrest—is to "rescue" Mindy from a "home for wayward girls" where she is preparing to have his child   If Mindy is the essence of pure innocence, then Charlotte Emory is the earthbound mooring for this homeless couple—at least for a time   One irony here is that, when she was taken hostage, Charlotte herself was in the process of withdrawing her savings to run away from her own family and home  This is not the first time Charlotte has intended to run away, with no real plan or expectations   Charlotte has escaped one trap to find herself in another, but perhaps this "adventure" will provide her a new perspective 

Reviews
In 1977, John Leonard wrote, "That part of Earthly Possessions spent on the road--gas stations and junk food--amounts to a Rabbit, Run without the Updike epiphanies  The rest is skillful flashback    I admit not being entirely sympathetic to the wry fatalism she proposes, to the notion that we travel enough in our heads to make leaving home almost redundant  Celestial Navigation (1974) and Searching for Caleb (1976) were more satisfying novels  But a taste of Anne Tyler, once acquired, is a splendid addiction "John Updike reviewed the novel in The New Yorker: "Anne Tyler, in her seventh novel, 'Earthly Possessions', continues to demonstrate a remarkable talent and, for a writer of her acuity, an unusual temperament    Small towns and pinched minds hold room enough for her; she is at peace in the semi-countrified, semi-plasticized northern-Southern America where she and her characters live   Out of this peace flow her unmistakable strengths—serene firm tone; her smoothly spun plots; her apparently inexhaustible access to the personalities of her imagining; her infectious delight in "the smell of beautiful, everyday life"; her lack of any trace of intellectual or political condescension—and her one possible weakness: a tendency to leave the reader just where she found him    Charlotte Emory   belongs to what is becoming a familiar class of Anne Tyler heroines: women admirably active in the details of living yet alarmingly passive in the large curve of their lives—riders on male-generated events, who nevertheless give those events a certain blessing, a certain feasibility "

Adaptation for TV
Earthly Possessions (TV) (1999) stars Susan Sarandon, Stephen Dorff, and Elisabeth Moss   "The eventual romance [between Jake and Charlotte is] an element invented for the movie  [It] doesn't disrupt the original sentiment of the story, but could easily have been left out without compromising the emotional development of the characters "
Passage 4:
Searching for Caleb
Searching for Caleb is Anne Tyler's sixth novel   It was originally published by Alfred A  Knopf in 1975 

Book Description
From The Boston Globe
Duncan Peck has a fascination for randomness and is always taking his family on the move  His wife, Justine, is a fortune teller who can't remember the past  Her grandfather, Daniel, longs to find the brother who walked out of his life in 1912, with nothing more than a fiddle in his hand  All three are taking journeys that lead back to the family's deepest roots   to a place where rebellion and acceptance have the haunting power to merge into one    

From the back of the April 1983 Berkley paperback edition
"Here is the heartbreaking and hilarious story of the Peck family - and a young woman's search for freedom, which leads her to the family's deepest roots   From the ragtime era at the end of the 19th century to the years of change in the mid-1970s, it is about growing up and breaking away, rebellion and acceptance   It is a haunting, human story that will live in your heart forever   "

From a 1976 review by Katha Pollitt in the New York Times
"When Duncan marries his cousin Justine, hitherto an ardent Peck, she begins to discover her own thirst for adventure   For years the two careen through the small towns of Maryland and Virginia as Duncan quits one makeshift job for another…  Justine is pulled both forward and back: an amateur teller of fortunes who advises her clients always to go along with change, she remains in thrall to her own childhood   And so, when Daniel decides to find his lost brother, Justine is the one who joins him   For the old man the quest is a way of recapturing the past, but for Justine it becomes a search for the self she has mislaid   The outcome is marvelously ironic, since the answers to her questions are themselves enigmatic   Yet she emerges triumphant, her own woman at last "

Reviews
In his 1976 review in The New Yorker, John Updike wrote, “Funny and lyric and true, exquisite in its details and ambitious in its design…This writer is not merely good, she is wickedly good ”Katha Pollitt praised: "Less perfectly realized than Celestial Navigation, her extraordinarily moving and beautiful last novel,Searching for Caleb is Tyler’s sunniest, most expansive book   While etching with a fine, sharp wit the narrow-mindedness and pettishness of the Pecks, she lavishes on them a tenderness that lifts them above satire… Reading “Searching for Caleb,” one is constantly being startled by…gestures, words, wrinkles of thought and feeling that are at once revelatory and exactly right   But at the center of Tyler’s characters is a private, mysterious core which is left, wisely, inviolate   Ultimately this wisdom is what makes Tyler more than a fine craftsman of realistic novels   Her complex, crotchety inventions surprise us, but one senses they surprise her too "
Passage 5:
Anne Tyler
Anne Tyler (born October 25, 1941) is an American novelist, short story writer, and literary critic   She has published twenty-four novels, including Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant (1982), The Accidental Tourist (1985), and Breathing Lessons (1988)   All three were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and Breathing Lessons won the prize in 1989   She has also won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize, the Ambassador Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award   In 2012 she was awarded The Sunday Times Award for Literary Excellence   Tyler's twentieth novel, A Spool of Blue Thread, was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2015, and Redhead By the Side of the Road was longlisted for the same award in 2020  She is recognized for her fully developed characters, her "brilliantly imagined and absolutely accurate detail", her "rigorous and artful style", and her "astute and open language "Tyler has been compared to John Updike, Jane Austen, and Eudora Welty, among others 

Early life and education
Early childhood
The oldest of four children, she was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota  Her father, Lloyd Parry Tyler, was an industrial chemist and her mother, Phyllis Mahon Tyler, a social worker   Both her parents were Quakers who were very active with social causes in the Midwest and the South  Her family lived in a succession of Quaker communities in the South until they settled in 1948 in a Quaker commune in Celo, in the mountains of North Carolina near Burnsville  The Celo Community settlement was populated largely by conscientious objectors and members of the liberal Hicksite branch of the Society of Friends   Tyler lived there from age seven through eleven and helped her parents and others care for livestock and organic farming   While she did not attend formal public school in Celo, lessons were taught in art, carpentry, and cooking in homes and in other subjects in a tiny school house   Her early informal training was supplemented by correspondence school Her first memory of her own creative story-telling was of crawling under the bed covers at age three and "telling myself stories in order to get to sleep at night "  Her first book at age seven was a collection of drawings and stories about "lucky girls     who got to go west in covered wagons " Her favorite book as a child was The Little House by Virginia Lee Burton   Tyler acknowledges that this book, which she read many times during this period of limited access to books, had a profound influence on her, showing "how the years flowed by, people altered, and nothing could ever stay the same " This early perception of changes over time is a theme that reappears in many of her novels decades later, just as The Little House itself appears in her novel Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant   Tyler also describes reading Little Women 22 times as a child  When the Tyler family left Celo after four years to move to Raleigh, North Carolina, eleven-year-old Tyler had never attended public school and never used a telephone   This unorthodox upbringing enabled her to view "the normal world with a certain amount of distance and surprise "

Raleigh, North Carolina
Tyler felt herself to be an outsider in the public schools she attended in Raleigh, a feeling that has followed her most of her life   She believes that this sense of being an outsider has contributed to her becoming a writer: "I believe that any kind of setting-apart situation will do [to become a writer]   In my case, it was emerging from the commune     and trying to fit into the outside world " Despite her lack of public schooling prior to age eleven, Anne entered school academically well ahead of most of her classmates in Raleigh   With access now to libraries, she discovered Eudora Welty, Gabriel García Márquez, F  Scott Fitzgerald, and many others   Eudora Welty remains one of her favorite writers, and The Wide Net and Other Stories is one of her favorite books; she has called Welty "my crowning influence " She credits Welty with showing her that books could be about the everyday details of life, not just about major events   During her years at Needham B  Broughton High School in Raleigh, she was inspired and encouraged by a remarkable English teacher, Phyllis Peacock  "Mrs  Peacock" had previously taught the writer Reynolds Price, under whom Tyler would later study at Duke University   Peacock would also later teach the writer Armistead Maupin   Seven years after high school, Tyler would dedicate her first published novel to "Mrs  Peacock, for everything you've done "

Duke and Columbia Universities
When Tyler graduated from high school at age sixteen, she wanted to attend Swarthmore College, a school founded in 1860 by the Hicksite branch of the Society of Friends   However, she had won a full AB Duke scholarship to Duke University, and her parents pressured her to go to Duke because they needed to save money for the education of her three younger brothers   At Duke, Tyler enrolled in Reynolds Price's first creative writing class, which also included a future poet, Fred Chappell   Price was most impressed with the sixteen-year-old Tyler, describing her as "frighteningly mature for 16," "wide-eyed," and "an outsider " Years later Price would describe Tyler as "one of the best novelists alive in the world,     who was almost as good a writer at 16 as she is now " Tyler took an additional creative writing course with Price and also studied under William Blackburn, who also had taught William Styron, Josephine Humphreys, and James Applewhite at Duke, as well as Price and Chappell As a college student, Tyler had not yet determined she wanted to become a writer   She loved painting and the visual arts   She also was involved in the drama society in high school and at Duke, where she acted in a number of plays, playing Laura in The Glass Menagerie and Mrs  Gibbs in Our Town  She majored in Russian Literature at Duke—not English—and graduated in 1961, at age nineteen, having been inducted into Phi Beta Kappa   With her Russian Literature background she received a fellowship to graduate school in Slavic Studies at Columbia University Living in New York City was quite an adjustment for her   There she became somewhat addicted to riding trains and subways: "While I rode I often felt like I was     an enormous eye taking things in, turning them over and sorting them out     writing was the only way" [to express her observations]  Tyler left Columbia graduate school after a year, having completed course work but not her master's thesis   She returned to Duke, where she got a job in the library as a Russian bibliographer  It was there that she met Taghi Modarressi, a resident in child psychiatry in Duke Medical School and a writer himself, and they were married a year later (1963) 

Career
Early writing and first publications
While an undergraduate at Duke, Tyler published her short story "Laura" in the Duke literary journal Archive, for which she won the newly created Anne Flexner award for creative writing  In college and prior to her marriage, she wrote many short stories, one of which impressed Reynolds Price so that he later stated that it was the "most finished, most accomplished short story I have ever received from an undergraduate in my thirty years of teaching "  "The Saints in Caesar's Household" was published in Archive also and won her a second Anne Flexner award   This short story led to her meeting Diarmuid Russell, to whom Price had sent it with kudos   Russell, who was an agent for both Reynolds Price and for Tyler's "crowning influence" Eudora Welty, later became Tyler's agent While working at the Duke library—before and after marrying Modarressi—Tyler did continue to write short stories and started work on her first novel, If Morning Ever Comes   During this period her short stories appeared in The New Yorker, The Saturday Evening Post, and Harpers   After the couple moved to Montreal—Modarressi's U  S  visa had expired and they moved there so he could finish his residency—Tyler continued writing while looking for work   Her first novel was published in 1964 and The Tin Can Tree was published the next year   Years later she disowned both of these novels, as well as many of the short stories she wrote during this period   She has even written that she "would like to burn them "  She feels that most of this early work suffers from the lack of thorough character development and her failure to rework material repeatedly 

A hiatus from writing: having babies, raising children—1965 to 1970
In 1965 (age 24), Tyler had her first child, a daughter they named Tezh   Two years later a second daughter, Mitra, was born   About this time, the couple moved to Baltimore, MD as Taghi had finished his residency and obtained a position at the University of Maryland Medical School  With the moves, the changes in jobs, and the raising of two young children, Tyler had little time or energy for writing and published nothing between 1965 and 1970  She settled comfortably in the city of Baltimore where she has remained and where she has set most of her subsequent novels   Baltimore is generally considered to have a true mix of Southern and Northern culture  It also is an area of considerable Quaker presence, and Tyler eventually enrolled both her daughters in a local Friends school   During this period she began writing literary reviews for journals, newspapers, etc  to provide the family with additional income; she would continue this employment until the late 1980s, writing approximately 250 reviews in total   While this period was not productive for her writing career, Tyler does feel that this time enriched her spirit and her experience and in turn gave her subsequent writing greater depth, as she had "more of a self to speak from "

Growing recognition as a novelist—1970 to 1980
Tyler began writing again in 1970 and had published three more novels by 1974—A Slipping-Down Life, The Clock Winder, and Celestial Navigation   In her own opinion, her writing improved considerably during this period; with her children entering school, she was able to devote a great deal more focus to it than had been possible since she graduated from Duke   With Celestial Navigation, Tyler began to get national recognition: Gail Godwin gave it a very favorable review in the New York Times Review of Books  While she is not proud of her first four novels, Tyler considers this fifth novel one of her favorites   It was a difficult book to write she notes, since it required rewriting draft after draft to truly develop her understanding of the characters  John Updike gave a favorable review to her next novel, Searching for Caleb, writing: "Funny and lyric and true, exquisite in its details and ambitious in its design     This writer is not merely good, she is wickedly good " Afterwards he proceeded to take an interest in her work and reviewed her next four novels as well  Morgan's Passing (1980) won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize for Fiction and was nominated for both the American Book Awards and the National Book Critics Circle Award  Joyce Carol Oates gave it good review in Mademoiselle: "Fascinating     So unconventional a love story that it appears to take its protagonists themselves by surprise "

National recognition achieved
With her next novel, Tyler truly arrived as a recognized artist in the literary world  Tyler's ninth novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, which she considers her best work, was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, PEN/Faulkner Award, and the American Book Award for Fiction in 1983   In his review in The New Yorker, John Updike wrote, "Her art needed only the darkening that would give her beautifully shaped sketches solidity     In her ninth novel, she has arrived at a new level of power " Her tenth novel, The Accidental Tourist, was awarded the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction in 1985, the Ambassador Book Award for Fiction in 1986, and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 1986  It was also made into a 1988 movie starring William Hurt and Geena Davis  The critical and commercial success of the film further increased the public awareness of her work   Her 11th novel, Breathing Lessons, received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1989 and was Time magazine's "Book of the Year"   It was adapted into a 1994 TV movie, as eventually were four other of her novels Since her Pulitzer Prize with Breathing Lessons, Tyler has written 13 more novels; many have been Book of the Month Club Main Selections and have become New York Times Bestsellers  Ladder of Years was chosen by Time as one of the ten best books of 1995   A Patchwork Planet was a New York Times Notable Book (1999)   Saint Maybe (1991) and Back When We Were Grownups (2001) were adapted into TV movies in 1998 and 2004, respectively  In her 2006 novel Digging to America, she explored how an immigrant from Iran, who has lived in the U  S  for 35 years, deals with her "outsiderness," perspectives with which Tyler is familiar due to her marriage to Iranian psychiatrist Taghi Mohammad Modarressi 
In addition to her novels, Tyler has published short stories in The New Yorker, The Saturday Evening Post, Redbook, McCall's, and Harper's, but they have never been published as a collection   Her stories include "Average Waves in Unprotected Waters" (1977), "Holding Things Together" (1977), and "Teenage Wasteland" (1983)   Between 1983 and 1996, she edited three anthologies: The Best American Short Stories 1983, Best of the South, and Best of the South: The Best of the Second Decade 

Personal life
In 1963, Tyler married Iranian psychiatrist and novelist Taghi Mohammad Modarressi  Modarressi, 10 years her senior, had left Iran and his family as a political refugee at age 25  After a year and a half internship in Wichita, Kansas, he obtained a residency in child psychiatry at Duke University Medical School  There he met Tyler and discovered their common interest in literature  Modarressi had written two award-winning novels in Persian and so was quite an accomplished writer himself  He later wrote three more novels, two of which Tyler helped to translate to English (The Book of Absent People and The Pilgrim's Rules of Etiquette)  In the 1980s, Modarressi founded the Center for Infant Study in Baltimore and the Cold Spring Family Center Therapeutic Nursery in Pimlico, Maryland, which dealt with children who had experienced emotional trauma   Modarressi died in 1997 at the age of 65, from lymphoma 
Tyler and Modarressi had two daughters, Tezh and Mitra  Both share their mother's interest in, and talent for, painting  Tezh is a professional photographer, and an artist who works primarily in oils,  who painted the cover of her mother's novel, Ladder of Years  Mitra is a professional illustrator working primarily in watercolors  She has illustrated seven books, including two children's books co-authored with Tyler (Tumble Tower and Timothy Tugbottom Says No!) Tyler resides in the Roland Park neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, where most of her novels are set   Today tourists can even take an "Anne Tyler tour" of the area   For some time she was noteworthy among contemporary best-selling novelists, for she rarely granted face-to-face interviews nor did book tours nor made other public appearances   In 2012 she broke with this policy and gave her first face-to-face interview in almost 40 years; subsequently, Mark Lawson interviewed her on BBC Radio in 2013 about her approach to writing  In 2015, she discussed her 20th novel, A Spool of Blue Thread, in a live radio interview with Diane Rehm and callers on The Diane Rehm Show 

Writing style, influences, and philosophy
Tyler's novels have been reviewed and analyzed by numerous fellow authors, scholars and professional critics  The summary that follows of the nature of her work relies upon selected descriptions and insights by a limited number of the many distinguished literati who have reviewed her works   Also Tyler herself has revealed much about her own writing through interviews   Although she has refused to participate in face-to-face interviews until very recently, she has participated in numerous e-mail interviews over the years   These e-mail interviews have provided material for biographies, journal articles, reader's guides, and instructional materials 

Classification of her literature
Tyler has occasionally been classified as a "Southern author" or a "modern American author "  The Southern category apparently results from the fact that she grew up and went to college in the South   Also she admired and/or studied under well-known Southern authors Eudora Welty and Reynolds Price  In a rare interview with The New York Times, Tyler cited Eudora Welty as a major literary influence: "Reading Eudora Welty when I was growing up showed me that very small things are often really larger than the large things"
Context 3: Passage 1:
Project G e e K e R 
Project G e e K e R  is an animated television series that premiered on CBS on September 14, 1996  It was created by Douglas TenNapel, creator of Earthworm Jim, and Doug Langdale, the developer of Earthworm Jim the animated series, and was a production of Columbia TriStar Television under Adelaide Productions, with original music by Shawn Patterson (main title theme by Terry Scott Taylor)  TenNapel and Taylor also collaborated on the video games The Neverhood, Boombots and Skullmonkeys, and in 2005, re-united for the Nickelodeon cartoon Catscratch 
The show was cancelled after only one season, as CBS cancelled all of their Saturday morning schedule in 1997 to stop their downward-spiraling ratings The Federal Communications Commission also rejected CBS's attempt to classify the show as educational and informational under that fall's strengthened requirements for children's programming 

Synopsis
The show parodied the style of action-adventure cartoons  Set in the future, it was based around a genetic shapeshifter experiment known as Project GKR (Geno-Kinetic Research), who had been stolen by Lady MacBeth (a short-tempered cyborg with a bionic arm) before the creator could finish programming  He needed to be a deadly and powerful weapon at the hands of the evil Mister Moloch, head of Moloch Industries, but due to the lack of his final programming, "GeeKeR" is left to be a totally random, permanently salivating, four-fingered klutz  He only occasionally manages to use his powers to any full extent, a blessing and a threat to his friends and their enemies  Lady MacBeth (whom GeeKeR calls Becky) and her partner-in-crime Noah, a baseball cap-wearing intelligent Tyrannosaurus rex, must now prevent Moloch and GeeKeR's creator Dr  Maston from ever obtaining GeeKeR at all costs 

Cast
Billy West as G e e K e R , Additional Voices
Cree Summer as Lady MacBeth, Nanny, Sonny, Additional Voices
Charles Adler as Dr  Maston, Jake Dragonn, Gene Damage, Additional Voices
Jim Cummings as Mister Moloch, Will Dragonn, Cosmotto, Additional Voices
Brad Garrett as Noah, Captain Wormhole

Additional voices
Danny Mann as Redjack
Ed Gilbert as Dinosaur Leader
Jeff Bennett as Larry the Virus
Charity James
Kath Soucie
Dee Dee Rescher as Female Junker
Joe Alaskey
Jason Marsden as Kid Dinosaur
Kevin Michael Richardson as Stonebender/"Mr  Smiley", Additional Voices
Joe Lala
Michael Bell as Toxic Moose
Lisa Kaplan

Episodes
Credits
Executive Producers: Douglas TenNapel and Douglas Langdale
Supervising Producer: Richard Raynis
Producer: Audu Paden
Associate Producers: Monique Beatty and Greg Chalekian
Production Coordinator: Luke Wasserman
Original Music: Shawn Patterson
Theme Song: Terry Scott Taylor
Color Designer: Don W  Kim
Music Editor: Bradford Cox
Dialogue Editor: Thomas Kearney
Digital Compositor (Opening Titles): Andy Jolliff
Background Designers: Vince Toyama and David James
Storyboard Revisor: Charles Garcia

Music
Terry Scott Taylor (friend of creator Doug TenNapel) was contracted to write the main title theme for the show, while Shawn Patterson was selected to be the series score composer  Two days before the show was set to air, Columbia TriStar discovered a licensing issue with Terry and Patterson was asked by the producers to compose and produce a main title theme to go on the air  Shawn completed this and Project GeeKeR aired with Shawn's original main title music  Weeks into the series, the licensing problem with Terry Scott Taylor was cleared up and the show's creator Doug TenNapel requested that Terry's original main title theme be reinserted into the series  Patterson's main title music was then removed from the remainder of the series 

See also
Earthworm Jim
The Weekenders
Dave the Barbarian
Catscratch
Doug TenNapel
Doug Langdale
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Passage 2:
David W  Zucker
David W  Zucker is a television executive and executive producer, mostly known for producing The Good Wife  He is currently the Chief Creative Officer for Scott Free Productions  He is also the executive producer of notable shows like Eric Garcia’s heist anthology series Kaleidoscope for Netflix; HBO Max’s sci-fi epic, Raised By Wolves; the Paramount+ drama, The Good Fight; the AMC and Britbox investigative revenge series The Beast Must Die; and the National Geographic series The Hot Zone  Zucker's upcoming projects include the FX adaptation of Ridley Scott’s Alien and Steven Knight’s adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations for FX and BBC One 

Credits
Passage 3:
Dora the Explorer
Dora the Explorer is an American media franchise centered on an eponymous animated interactive fourth wall children's television series created by Chris Gifford, Valerie Walsh Valdes and Eric Weiner, produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio and originally ran on Nickelodeon from August 14, 2000 to June 5, 2014, with the final six unaired episodes later airing from July 7 to August 9, 2019  It has since spawned a spin-off television series (Go, Diego, Go!), a sequel television series (Dora and Friends: Into the City!) and a live-action feature film Before rebranding to Paramount Global, the corporation previously named ViacomCBS announced a revival of the Dora the Explorer brand 3 years after its last production, which includes a preschool-aimed CGI animated TV series, and a tween-aimed live-action series, both of which are scheduled for distribution on Paramount+ 

Origins
The franchise has its roots from the television show of the same name which centers around Dora Márquez, a seven-year-old Latina girl, with a love of embarking on quests related to an activity that she wants to partake of or a place that she wants to go to, accompanied by her talking purple backpack and anthropomorphic monkey companion named Boots (named for his beloved pair of red boots)  Each episode is based around a series of cyclical events that occur along the way during Dora's travels, along with obstacles that she and Boots are forced to overcome or puzzles that they have to solve (with "assistance" from the viewing audience) relating to riddles, the Spanish language, or counting  Common rituals may involve Dora's encounters with Swiper, a bipedal, anthropomorphic masked thieving fox whose theft of the possessions of others must be prevented through fourth wall-breaking interaction with the viewer  To stop Swiper, Dora must say "Swiper no swiping" three times  However, on occasions where Swiper steals the belongings of other people, the viewer is presented with the challenge of helping Boots and Dora locate the stolen items  Another obstacle involves encounters with another one of the program's antagonists; the "Grumpy Old Troll" dwelling beneath a bridge that Dora and Boots must cross, who challenges them with a riddle that needs to be solved with the viewer's help before permitting them to pass  Known for the constant breaking of the fourth-wall depicted in every episode, the audience is usually presented to two primary landmarks that must be passed before Dora can reach her destination, normally being challenged with games or puzzles along the way  The episode always ends with Dora successfully reaching the locale, singing the "We Did It!" song with Boots in triumph 

Premise
The eponymous series focuses on the adventures of a Latina girl named Dora and her monkey friend Boots, with a particular emphasis on the Spanish language  The show is presented in the style of both an interactive CD-ROM game and a point-and-click adventure game, with gimmicks such as title cards appearing in windows and Dora asking the viewer to help her by showing the current items in her inventory and asking the viewer which one is best for the current scenario 

Development
Development of the show came out of Nickelodeon's desire to "come up with the next big hit" similar to its other hit preschool shows at the time; Little Bear and Blue's Clues  The creators sought to combine the format of both shows, with the narrative focus of Little Bear combined with the interactivity of Blue's Clues  The creators further developed the concept by observing  preschoolers with the creators coming to the conclusion that "they are little explorers "Dora is a Latina  According to a Nickelodeon spokesman, "she was developed to be pan-Latina to represent the diversity of Latino cultures"  Initially the character was not planned to be Latina although after an executive at Nickelodeon attended a conference about the lack of Latino representation, the creators were asked if they could include such elements  At first there was hesitancy, but eventually they realized that they had "a great opportunity" and the character's design remained  Originally, Nickelodeon did not want Swiper, as researchers stated he was, "bad modeling and unsettling to kids"  The creators felt strongly about the inclusion of the antagonist as an integral part of the series; he remained in the final show On numerous occasions, television specials have been aired for the series in which the usual events of regular episodes are altered, threatened, or replaced  Usually said specials will present Dora with a bigger, more whimsical adventure than usual or with a magical task that must be fulfilled, or perhaps even offer a series of different adventures for Boots and Dora to travel through  They might be presented with an unusual, difficult task (such as assisting Swiper in his attempts to be erased from Santa Claus's Naughty List) that normally is not featured in average episodes, or challenge Dora with a goal that must be achieved (such as the emancipation of a trapped mermaid)  Sometimes, the specials have involved the debut of new characters, such as the birth of Dora's superpowered twin baby siblings and the introduction of the enchanted anthropomorphic stars that accompany Dora on many of her quests 

On March 8, 2009, Mattel and Nickelodeon announced that Dora will receive a tweenage makeover, switching from a young age to a teenage attending middle school  Initially, it was announced that the new look would not be revealed until late 2009, but after a short controversy, the tween Dora was unveiled on March 16, 2009 On 13 April 2012, a CGI opening sequence was created by Chicago-based Calabash Animation for the seventh season of the series 

Dora's Explorer Girls
In 2009, Mattel and Nickelodeon introduced a preteen version of Dora, with four friends; named Naiya, Kate, Emma and Alana, who call themselves the Explorer Girls and were featured in Dora and Friends 

Episodes
NOTE: The show's run ended on June 5, 2014, with 6 episodes, however, those episodes did not air in the United States until August 9, 2019, with the premiere of Dora and the Lost City of Gold 

Voice cast
Dora Márquez (aka Dora the Explorer): Kathleen Herles (2000–2007), Caitlin Sanchez (2008–2012), Fátima Ptacek (2012–2019)
Boots: Harrison Chad (2000–2007), Regan Mizrahi (2008–2013), Koda Gursoy (2013–2019)
Backpack: Sasha Toro (2000–2007), Alexandria Suarez (2008–2013), Sofia Lopez (2013–2019)
Isa the Iguana: Ashley Fleming (2000–2007), Lenique Vincent (2008–2012), Skai Jackson (2012–2019)
Tico the Squirrel: Muhammad Cunningham (2000–2001), Jose Zelaya (2002–2007), Jean Carlos Celi (2008–2012), Oscar Hutarra (2012–2019)
Benny the Bull: Jake Burbage (2000–2007), Matt Gumley (2008–2012), Aidan Gemme (2012–2019)
Diego Márquez: Felipe and Andre Dieppa (2003–2004), Gabriel Alvarez (2003-2006), Jake T  Austin (2005–2010), Brandon Zambrano (2011–2012), Jacob Medrano (2012–2019)
Explorer Stars: Christiana Anbri, Henry Gifford, Katie Gifford, Aisha Shickler, Muhammed Cunningham, Jose Zeleya
Val the Octopus, Miscalleneous: Elaine Del Valle
Mrs  Márquez: Eileen Galindo
Big Red Chicken, Grumpy Old Troll, Pirate Pig, Miscellaneous: Chris Gifford
Various: K  J  Sanchez
Boots' Father, Miscellaneous: Adam Sietz
Señor Tucán, Miscellaneous: Leslie Valdes
Map, Swiper, The Fiesta Trio: Marc Weiner

Guest voices
John Leguizamo - Silly Mail Bird, Pirate Pig (Dora's Pirate Adventure) and Flying Monkeys
Cheech Marin - King Juan el Bobo
Ricardo Montalbán - El Encantador
Esai Morales – Mr  Márquez
Amy Principe - Little Star, various
Irwin Reese - Singing Gate
Antonia Rey - Abuela
Paul Rodriguez - León the Circus Lion

Guest stars
Chita Rivera (Dora's Fairytale Adventure, 2004; Dora Saves Fairytale Land, 2015)
Johnny Weir (Dora's Ice Skating Spectacular, 2013)
Hilary Duff (Dora's Ice Skating Spectacular, 2013)
Jewel Kilcher (Dora in Wonderland, 2014)
Mel Brooks (Dora in Wonderland, 2014)
Alan Cumming (Dora in Wonderland, 2014)
Sara Ramirez (Dora in Wonderland, 2014)
Juanes (Dora Saves Fairytale Land, 2015)

Foreign adaptations
Dora the Explorer has been produced in various other languages worldwide  It facilitates the learning of important foreign language words or phrases (mostly English), interspersed with a local language (e g  Norwegian, Russian, Hindi or German), with occasional use of Spanish (used in the Irish, Serbian, and Turkish versions) through its simplicity and use of repetition 

Arabic – The Arabic language version is broadcast on the "Nickelodeon on MBC3" block of MBC 3, and is presented in Arabic-English 
Cantonese – The Cantonese language version (Chinese: 愛探險的朵拉; lit  'Explore-loving Dora') is broadcast in Hong Kong and presented in Cantonese-English 
Danish – The Danish language version is called Dora – udforskeren and there are commands and expressions in English  It is broadcast on the national public children's channel, DR Ramasjang, and also on the Nick Jr  Channel through various pay TV providers 
Dutch – The Dutch language version broadcasts on Nickelodeon and Nick  Jr, It is presented in Dutch-English  The voice actors are Lottie Hellingman as Dora and Dieter Jansen as Boots 
French  – The French language version, Dora l'exploratrice, broadcasts on TF1 in France and Télé-Québec in Canada  It is presented in French-English, with Dora and Boots (called Babouche) speaking French and other protagonists speaking and answering in English 
Filipino – The Filipino language version broadcasts on ABS-CBN and has the same English title "Dora, the Explorer"  The characters speak Filipino and some English, Dora teaches English in this version 
German – The German language version broadcasts on the German branch of Nick  The bilingualism is German-English 
Greek – The Greek language version is called "Ντόρα η μικρή εξερευνήτρια" (or Dora the Little Explorer)  It broadcasts on Nickelodeon and Star Channel  The bilingualism is Greek-English  Dora and Boots (called Botas) speak Greek and other protagonists speak and answer in English 
Hebrew – The Hebrew language version broadcasts on HOP channel  The bilingualism is Hebrew-English  The series is called מגלים עם דורה (or Megalim Im Dora—English: Discovering with Dora) 
Hindi – In the Hindi language version, Dora and the other characters speak Hindi  It broadcasts on Nickelodeon and Nick Jr  Dora teaches the viewers English words and numbers 
Hungarian – In the Hungarian language version, Dora and the other characters speak Hungarian with some English words or phrases  It broadcasts on Nickelodeon  The series is called Dóra a felfedező 
Indonesian – The Indonesian language version broadcasts on Global TV  The bilingualism is Indonesian-English 
Irish – The Irish language version broadcasts on the Irish station TG4  The bilingualism is Irish-Spanish with Dora and Boots speaking in Irish and some other characters speaking Spanish as in the original American version 
Italian – The Italian language version broadcasts on Cartoonito and on Nickelodeon  The bilingualism is Italian-English  The series is called Dora l'esploratrice ("Dora the Explorer")  Most characters speak Italian, but some characters and especially Dora's parents and backpack speak English along with Italian 
Japanese – The Japanese language version broadcasts on Nickelodeon  The bilingualism is Japanese-English, with Dora and Boots speaking Japanese and other protagonists speaking and answering in English  The version is called ドーラといっしょに大冒険 (Dōra to issho ni dai bōken/Adventures with Dora) 
Kannada – The Kannada language version broadcasts on Chintu TV and is a very popular program on that network  Hindi is the second language in this version 
Korean – The Korean language version broadcasts on Nick Jr  in Korea  The title is Hi Dora and is introduced by a real person whose name is Dami – she introduces key English vocabulary for each episode  The episode is primarily in Korean with some English 
Macedonian – The Macedonian language version broadcasts on MRT 1 in Macedonia  The title is "Дора истражува" (or Dora the Explorer)  The bilingualism is Macedonian-English 
Malay – The Malay language version broadcasts on TV9  The bilingualism is Malay-English  Dora speaks primarily in Malay, and the secondary language is English  The original English-Spanish version, however, is also available on Nickelodeon via the Nick Jr  programming slot to subscribers of the ASTRO satellite TV service 
Malayalam – The Malayalam language version is called Dorayude Prayanam ("Dora's Journey") and broadcasts on Kochu TV, Sun TV Network 
Mandarin – In the Mandarin Chinese language version Dora the characters speak mainly Mandarin with limited English  It broadcasts on Yo-yo TV in Taiwan (Channel 25) 
Maori – The Māori language version is called "Dora Mātātoa" 
Norwegian – In the Norwegian language version, the bilingualism is Norwegian-English 
Polish – The Polish language version broadcasts on Nickelodeon in Poland  The bilingualism is Polish-English  The series is called Dora poznaje świat ("Dora explores the world") 
Portuguese – In the Portuguese language versions, Dora a Exploradora broadcasts on RTP2 and Nickelodeon  On Nickelodeon Brazil and TV Cultura, the show is called Dora a Aventureira, and Dora and Boots (called Boots in the Portuguese version and Botas in the Brazilian version) speak Portuguese, while the other protagonists speak and answer in English  Some Portuguese episodes are available on DVD 
Russian – The Russian language version broadcasts on TNT and Nickelodeon  The bilingualism is Russian-English  The series is called Dasha-sledopyt ("Dasha the Pathfinder")  Dasha is the children's name of Daria (Darya) 
Serbian – The Serbian language version broadcasts on B92  The bilingualism is Serbian-Spanish  The series is called Dora istražuje (Dora is exploring) 
Spanish – There are different Spanish versions for Mexico, Latin America and Spain  Dora la Exploradora broadcasts on Nickelodeon in Latin America  For Hispanic and Latino Americans, it aired on Telemundo until September 2006 and on Univisión since April 2008  Dora and Boots (called Botas) speak Spanish and the other protagonists speak and answer in English  Some Spanish episodes are available to US viewers on VHS, and some DVDs have a Spanish track (including Dora's Egg Hunt)  This version is entirely the reverse of the original English version; Tico and  Señor Tucan (called Mr  Toucan) only speak English  Additionally, Univision has added on-screen captions of the Spanish words spoken in English  In Spain, Dora la exploradora is aired on TVE 1, Clan TVE and the Spanish and Portuguese Nickelodeon feed  It is another reverse of the original English version (the characters speak mainly Spanish but there are commands and expressions in English) 
Swedish – In the Swedish language version Dora- utforskaren the characters speak mainly Swedish but there are commands and expressions in English  It broadcasts on Nickelodeon and TV4 
Tamil – In the Tamil language version Doravin Payanangal (டோராவின் பயணங்கள்), the characters all speak Tamil, with some English interspersed  It broadcasts on a local kids programming channel Chutti TV 
Thai – In the Thai language version ดอร่าดิเอกซ์พลอเรอร์ or ดอร่าสาวน้อยนักผจญภัย, the characters speak Thai; however, Tico speaks English  It broadcasts on Gang Cartoon Channel, Nick Jr , Thai PBS 
Turkish – In the Turkish language version Dora the characters speak mainly Turkish, Spanish, and English but there are commands and expressions in Turkish  It broadcasts on Nickelodeon and CNBC-e As shown in the list above, Spanish is the second language taught in the original English language version of the show (also broadcast for Malay speakers), in the Irish, Serbian, and the trilingual Turkish versions, but for other versions of the show, the language being taught is English 

Stage adaptations
Two stage versions of the series toured North America, the first being "City of Lost Toys", and the second being "Dora's Pirate Adventure"  Produced by Nickelodeon and LiveNation, these productions featured live actors portraying the roles of Dora and her friends, including Boots, Diego, Isa, and the Fiesta Trio  Many of the characters wore elaborate foam costumes designed to resemble the Dora characters  Each production featured a structure similar to an episode of the television series  City of Lost Toys featured Christina Bianco as Dora while Dora's Pirate Adventure featured Danay Ferrer of the band Innosense in the role of Dora and Frankie Grande as Boots  Both productions featured a version of the popular Gloria Estefan song "Get On Your Feet" as the final number of the show  Both productions were conceived by Chris Gifford, creator of the television show, and directed by Gip Hoppe 
There have been three Dora touring companies  The "City of Lost Toys" company and the "Pirate Adventure" company featured actors and crew that were members of Actor's Equity and IATSE, the respective unions for professional actors and stagehands in the United States  The third company performs a reduced version of "Pirate Adventure" and does not employ union personnel  This production is currently touring North America, and scheduled to travel to the United Kingdom and France 

Merchandise
Many action figures and playsets are available in many markets, along with cosmetics, hygiene products, ride-ons, books, board games, plush dolls, apparel, handbags, play tents, play kitchens, and more  Licensees include Mattel-owned Fisher-Price in the United States and Holland Publishing in the United Kingdom 

Toys
In 2004, Lego released four sets based on the characters of the TV series  These include 7330 Dora's Treasure Island, 7331 Diego's Rescue Truck, 7332 Dora and Boots at Play Park, and 7333 Dora and Diego's Animal Adventure 
In 2007, lead paint used by a contract toy manufacturer in China prompted Mattel to issue recalls for nearly a million toys, many of which featured Sesame Street and Nickelodeon characters - including Dora the Explorer  In response, Nickelodeon stated that they would introduce "third-party monitoring" of all manufacturers of products under its brands 

Books
Dora the Explorer series
Ready To Read series – Level 1
A Lift-the-Flap Story
Good Night, Dora!: A Lift-the-Flap Story (ISBN 978-0689847745)
Where Is Boots?: A Lift-the-Flap Story (ISBN 978-0689847752)
Let's Play Sports!: A Lift-the-Flap Story (ISBN 978-1416933502)
All Dressed Up!: A Lift-the-Flap Book (ISBN 978-0689877186)

Treasury books and collection books
Dora's Ready-to-Read Adventures (ISBN 978-0689878152)Contains: Dora's picnic, Follow those feet, Dora in the deep sea, I love my Papi!, Say "Cheese"

Dora's Storytime Collection (ISBN 978-0689866234)Contains: Dora's Backpack, Little Star, Happy Birthday, Mami!, Meet Diego!, Dora Saves the Prince, Dora's Treasure Hunt, Good Night, Dora!

Dora's Big Book of Stories (ISBN 978-1416907084)Contains: Dora's Book of Manners, Dora Goes to School, Dora's Fairy-Tale Adventure, Dora's Chilly Day, Show Me Your Smile!, Dora's Pirate Adventure, Big Sister Dora!

Sticker books
Dora's Magic Watering Can (ISBN 978-1416947721)

Video games
Video games based on the show were released  In Canada, Cheerios offered free Dora the Explorer the Game CD-ROMs in specially marked packages; however, packages sold in Quebec had only the French version  Dora the Explorer: Barnyard Buddies is the first video game based on the show for the home consoles as it was released for the PlayStation in the U S  in 2003  It was not released in Europe until 2005 when it was one of the last games released on that platform in that territory as the PlayStation declined in production as well as all production on other PS1 games the following year 

Soundtrack
Audiovisual viewing
Seasons of Dora the Explorer are available on a variety of streaming or direct-purchase video services 

Home videos/Home media
Streaming
Direct purchase
Sequel
In 2013, Nickelodeon announced a development of a sequel to Dora the Explorer titled Dora and Friends: Into the City! and would star Dora as a 10-year-old who goes on city adventures with the Explorer Girls and is accompanied by a male friend named Pablo  The series ran for two seasons and 40 episodes on Nickelodeon from August 8, 2014, to February 5, 2017 

Live-action film adaptation
On October 23, 2017, Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies announced a development of live-action film adaptation of the franchise at sister studio Paramount Players titled Dora and the Lost City of Gold for a scheduled summer 2019 release  It was filmed in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia at Village Roadshow Studios and directed by James Bobin from a screenplay by Nicholas Stoller and Kristin Burr as producer  The film was expected to follow the title character as a teenager unlike the TV series with the inclusion of her cousin Diego  On May 2, 2018, Isabela Moner was announced to portray the titular character  The film was released in theaters/cinemas in the U S  and Canada on August 9, 2019 

Live-action series and animated reboots
On February 24, 2021, Paramount+ announced the development of a live-action series based on the franchise  The following February, while announcing the development of a computer-animated reboot series, Paramount+ further clarified that the live-action series would be aimed at tweens and take inspiration from the live-action film, Dora and the Lost City of Gold 

See also
Go, Diego, Go!
Dora and Friends: Into the City!
Dora and the Lost City of Gold
Passage 4:
Duane Capizzi
Duane Capizzi is an American writer and television producer   He is known for his extensive work in animated series for television, including the Emmy Award-winning  Transformers: Prime for which he was Co-Executive Producer and Head Writer, and co-developed its follow-up Transformers: Robots in Disguise  For Warner Bros  Animation, he was writer/producer of the animated series The Batman as well as its spin-off feature, The Batman vs  Dracula   He wrote the first DC Universe animated feature, Superman: Doomsday (based on The Death of Superman saga, and directed by Bruce Timm)  Other animated series producing/writing credits include Jackie Chan Adventures, Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot, Men in Black: The Series, and series development on the CG animated Roughnecks: The Starship Troopers Chronicles for Sony Pictures Television  He wrote and story edited for two animated spin-offs of Jim Carrey films: Ace Ventura: Pet Detective and The Mask  He also wrote and story edited for several Disney Afternoon TV series including Darkwing Duck, Aladdin, TaleSpin, and Bonkers   He began his career in animation writing scripts for Robotech II: The Sentinels for Harmony Gold  The series was never produced, but led to writing and story editing on ALF: The Animated Series 
From 2019-2021, Capizzi served as showrunner for the animated TV series adaptation of Carmen Sandiego 

Screenwriting credits
series head writer denoted in bold

Television
ALF: The Animated Series (1987-1989)
COPS (1988)
The Real Ghostbusters (1988)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1989)
Alvin and the Chipmunks (1989)
Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears (1990-1991)
Talespin (1992)
Darkwing Duck (1992)
Bonkers (1993)
Aladdin (1994)
The Savage Dragon (1995)
Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1995-1997)
The Mask: Animated Series (1995-1997)
Extreme Ghostbusters (1997)
Men in Black: The Series (1997-1999)
Roughnecks: The Starship Troopers Chronicles (1999-2000)
Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (1999-2001)
Jackie Chan Adventures (2000-2003)
The Batman (2004-2006)
Transformers: Prime (2010-2013)
Hardboiled Eggheads (2014)
Transformers: Robots In Disguise (2015)
Be Cool, Scooby-Doo! (2015, 2017)
Skylanders Academy (2016)
Justice League Action (2017)
Carmen Sandiego (2019-2021)

Films
The Return of Jafar (1994)
The Batman vs  Dracula (2005)
Superman: Brainiac Attacks (2006)
Superman: Doomsday (2007)
Transformers Prime Beast Hunters: Predacons Rising (2013)
Lego Scooby-Doo! Haunted Hollywood (2016)
Carmen Sandiego: To Steal or Not to Steal (2020)

Producer
Television
Bonkers (1993)
The Savage Dragon (1995)
The Mask: Animated Series (1995-1997)
Extreme Ghostbusters (1997)
Men in Black: The Series (1998-2001)
Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (1999-2001)
Jackie Chan Adventures (2000-2002)
The Batman (2004-2008)
Transformers: Prime (2010-2013)
Hardboiled Eggheads (2014)
Carmen Sandiego (2019-2021)

Features
The Batman vs  Dracula (2005)
Superman: Brainiac Attacks (2006)
Passage 5:
Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)
Hawaii Five-0 is an American action police procedural television series that centers around a special police major crimes task force operating at the behest of the governor of Hawaii  It is a reboot of the 1968–1980 series Hawaii Five-O (the original series had the letter "O" instead of the number "0" in its title), which also aired on CBS  The series was produced by K/O Paper Products and 101st Street Television, initially in association with 20th Century Fox Television starting in season three  The show received praise for its modern take on the original series 
The series premiered on September 20, 2010, on CBS and aired on Mondays for its first three seasons  Beginning with season four, the program was moved to Fridays  Hawaii Five-0 ran for seven additional seasons and concluded with its 240th and final episode on April 3, 2020 Peter M  Lenkov, one of the show's developers, created two additional police shows that were reboots of previous TV series: MacGyver and Magnum P I  All three take place in the same fictional universe, and Hawaii Five-0 had crossover episodes with both of the others  The three shows have been collectively referred to as the "Lenkov-verse"  The series also exists in the same fictional universe as the NCIS franchise by way of a crossover event with NCIS: Los Angeles 

Premise
The series covers the actions of the Hawaii Five-0 Task Force, a small, specialized Hawaii Department of Public Safety special state police major crimes task force in Hawaii, headed by United States Navy SEAL Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett, United States Navy Reserve  The task force answers only to the Governor of Hawaii and is given full immunity and means  The task force has no restrictions and is always backed by the Governor  The team is able to investigate crimes ranging from terrorism to kidnapping as well as murder and robberies 
McGarrett recruits Honolulu Police Department Detective-Sergeant Danny "Danno" Williams as his partner and unofficial second in command of the team  He fills out the team by recruiting ex-HPD Detective-Lieutenant Chin Ho Kelly, his father's protégé, and Chin's cousin, Officer Kono Kalakaua, a rookie HPD officer  Department of Homeland Security Special Agent Lori Weston is also assigned to the team later on, although she is later forced to return to the DHS by the Governor  They are assisted by Dr  Max Bergman, a medical examiner for the City and County of Honolulu  Steve later adds Captain Lou Grover, a HPD SWAT commander and a transfer from the Chicago Police Department, Special Consultant Jerry Ortega, Chin's high school classmate, a conspiracy theorist and a consultant for the task force, and for a brief time, Lieutenant Catherine Rollins, Steve's girlfriend and ex-US Navy Office of Naval Intelligence  Following Max, Chin, and Kono's departures, Max is replaced by medical examiner Dr  Noelani Cunha, and McGarrett fills in Chin and Kono's spots by hiring high-achieving HPD academy washout Tani Rey and ex-US Navy SEAL Special Warfare Operator Second Class-turned-Police Candidate Junior Reigns  Later on, Kono's husband Adam Noshimuri joins the task force following the couple's divorce, and shortly after Jerry's departure, United States Army CID Staff Sergeant Quinn Liu is recruited in his place  The team is also assisted by confidential informant Kamekona Tupuola, and HPD liaison Sergeant Duke Lukela 

Cast and characters
Main
Alex O'Loughlin as Lieutenant Commander Steven J  "Steve" McGarrett, USNR  A decorated former Navy SEAL, McGarrett is head of the Five-0 Task Force and son of retired HPD Sergeant John McGarrett  John's murder and storyline forms the premise of Steve's return to Hawaii and the formation of the Task Force 
Scott Caan as Detective Sergeant Danny "Danno" Williams



ground_truth: the deadpan sketch group

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are Stanley Elkin and Anne Tyler from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:   However, poet and author Katha Pollitt notes, "It is hard to classify Anne Tyler's novels   They are Southern in their sure sense of family and place but lack the taste for violence and the Gothic that often characterizes self-consciously southern literature   They are modern in their fictional techniques, yet utterly unconcerned with contemporary moment as a subject, so that, with only minor dislocations, her stories could just as well have taken place in twenties or thirties "It is also difficult to classify Tyler in terms of themes; as she herself notes, "I don't think of my work in terms of themes   I'm just trying to tell a story "  Tyler goes on to say, "Any large 'questions of life' that emerge in my novels are accidental—not a reason for writing the novel in the first place but either (1) questions that absorb my characters, quite apart from me, or (2) on occasion, questions that may be thematic to my own life at the moment, even if I'm not entirely aware of them  Answers, if they come, come from the characters' experiences, not from mine, and I often find myself viewing those answers with a sort of distant, bemused surprise "

Characters and detailed descriptions
In Tyler's works, the characters are the driving forces behind the stories and the starting point for her writing:  "I do make a point of writing down every imaginable facet of my characters before I begin a book, trying to get to know them so I can figure out how they'll react in any situation     My reason for writing now is to live lives other than my own, and I do that by burrowing deeper and deeper     till I reach the center of those lives "The magic of her novels starts with her ability to create those characters in the reader's mind through the use of remarkably realistic details   As early as 1976, Pollitt described her skill in this way: "Tyler [is] polishing brighter and brighter a craft many novelists no longer deem essential to their purpose: the unfolding of character through brilliantly imagined and absolutely accurate detail "  Twelve years later, Michiko Kakutani, in her review of Breathing Lessons, extolled "her ability to select details that reveal precisely how her characters feel and think" and her "gift for sympathy, for presenting each character's case with humor and compassion "  Kakutani later went on to note that "each character in Saint Maybe has been fully rendered, fleshed out with a palpable interior life, and each has been fit, like a hand-sawed jigsaw-puzzle piece, into the matrix of family life " Carol Shields, also writing about her characters, observes: "Tyler has always put her characters to work  Their often humble or eccentric occupations, carefully observed and threaded with humor, are tightly sewn to the other parts of their lives, offering them the mixed benefit of tedium and consolation, as well as a lighted stage for the unfolding of their dramatic selves  She also allows her men and women an opportunity for redemption "Tyler has clearly spelled out the importance of her characters to her stories:  "As far as I'm concerned, character is everything  I never did see why I have to throw in a plot, too "  In an earlier (1977) interview, she stated that "the real joy of writing is how people can surprise one  My people wander around my study until the novel is done  It's one reason I'm very careful not to write about people I don't like  If I find somebody creeping in that I'm not really fond of, I usually take him out "  Pollitt had even earlier noted how Tyler's characters seem to take on a life of their own that she doesn't seem to totally control: "Her complex, crotchety inventions surprise us, but one senses they surprise her too "

Realism through details
Just as Tyler is difficult to categorize as a novelist, it is also challenging to label her style  Novelist Cathleen Schine describes how her "style without a style" manages to pull the reader into the story: "So rigorous and artful is the style without a style, so measured and delicate is each observation, so complex is the structure and so astute and open the language, that the reader can relax, feel secure in the narrative and experience the work as something real and natural -- even inevitable "  The San Francisco Chronicle made a similar point: "One does not so much read a Tyler novel as visit it  Her ability to conduct several conversations at once while getting the food to the table turns the act of reading into a kind of transport "  Reviewer Tom Shone put it this way: "You're involved before you ever notice you were paying attention " Joyce Carol Oates, in her review of The Amateur Marriage, perhaps described the phenomenon best: "When the realistic novel works its magic, you won't simply have read about the experiences of fictitious characters, you will have seemed to have lived them; your knowledge of their lives transcends their own, for they can only live in chronological time  The experience of reading such fiction when it's carefully composed can be breathtaking, like being given the magical power of reliving passages of our own lives, indecipherable at the time of being lived "

Focus on family and marriage
While Tyler herself does not like to think of her novels in terms of themes, numerous reviewers and scholars have noted the importance of family and marriage relationships to her characters and stories  Liesl Schillinger summarized: "Taken together, the distinct but overlapping worlds of her novels have formed a Sensurround literary record of the 20th century American family—or, at least, of the proud but troubled archetypal families that     interested her most " New York Times critic Michiko Kakutani has been reviewing Tyler's novels for over 25 years  She has frequently noted Tyler's themes with regard to family and marriage  Reviewing Noah's Compass, Kakutani states that "the central concern of most of this author's characters has always been their need to define themselves in terms of family — the degree to which they see themselves as creatures shaped by genetics, childhood memories and parental and spousal expectations, and the degree to which they are driven to embrace independent identities of their own "  This is an example of where Anne Tyler got some of her characteristics from, being able to be independent and get to know herself through her writing 
Reviewing Saint Maybe, Jay Parini describes how Tyler's characters must deal with "Ms  Tyler's oddball families, which any self-respecting therapist would call 'dysfunctional'      An inexplicable centripetal force hurls these relatives upon one another, catches them in a dizzying inward spiral of obligation, affection and old-fashioned guilt—as well as an inexpressible longing for some perfect or "normal" family in a distant past that never really was   Almost every novel by Anne Tyler begins with a loss or absence that reactivates in the family some primordial sense of itself " Larry McMurtry wrote, "in book after book, siblings are drawn inexorably back home, as if their parents or (more often) grandparents had planted tiny magnets in them which can be activated once they have seen what the extrafamilial world is like      sooner or later a need to be with people who are really familiar – their brothers and sisters – overwhelms them "Novelist Julia Glass has similarly written about Tyler's characters' families: "What makes each story distinctive is the particular way its characters rebel against hereditary confines, cope with fateful crises or forge relationships with new acquaintances who rock their world "  In the same way, Glass mentions the frequent role of marriage struggles in her work: "Once again, Tyler exhibits her genius for the incisive, savory portrayal of marriage, of the countless perverse ways in which two individuals sustain a shared existence "  McMurtry puts it this way, "The fates of [Tyler's] families hinge on long struggles between semiattentive males and semiobsessed females  In her patient investigation of such struggles, Miss Tyler has produced a very satisfying body of fiction 

Passage of time and the role of small, chance events
The role of the passage of time and its impact on Tyler's characters is always present   The stories in many of her novels span decades, if only by flashbacks   Joyce Carol Oates emphasized the role of time in this manner: "[Tyler's novels] move at times as if plotless in the meandering drift of actual life, it is time itself that constitutes "plot": meaning is revealed through a doubling-back upon time in flashes of accumulated memory, those heightened moments which James Joyce aptly called epiphanies  The minutiae of family life can yield a startling significance seen from the right perspective, as Tyler shows us "  With regard to those minutiae, Tyler herself comments: "As for huge events vs  small events: I believe they all count   They all reveal character, which is the factor that most concerns me     It does fascinate me, though, that small details can be so meaningful "Kakutani described Saint Maybe in a similar manner: "Moving back and forth among the points of view of various characters, Ms  Tyler traces two decades in the lives of the Bedloes, showing us the large and small events that shape family members' lives and the almost imperceptible ways in which feelings of familial love and obligation mutate over the years "  Again in her review of Breathing Lessons, Kakutani perceives that "she is able, with her usual grace and magnanimity, to chronicle the ever-shifting covenants made by parents and children, husbands and wives, and in doing so, to depict both the losses – and redemptions – wrought by the passage of time "
Tyler herself further weighs in upon how small events can impact relationships: "I love to think about chance -- about how one little overheard word, one pebble in a shoe, can change the universe     The real heroes to me in my books are first the ones who manage to endure "

Criticism
Tyler is not without her critics   The most common criticism is that her works are "sentimental," "sweet," and "charming and cosy "  John Blades, literary critic for the Chicago Tribune, skewered The Accidental Tourist (as well as all her earlier novels) as "artificially sweet" and "unrealistic "  The Observer's Adam Mars-Jones stated, in his review of The Amateur Marriage: "Tyler seems to be offering milk and cookies "  Kakutani has also occasionally bemoaned a "cloying cuteness," noting that "her novels—with their eccentric heroes, their homespun details, their improbable, often heartwarming plots—have often flirted with cuteness "In a 2012 interview, Tyler responded to such criticisms: "For one thing I think it is sort of true  I would say piss and vinegar for [Philip] Roth and for me milk and cookies  I can't deny it     [However] there's more edge under some of my soft language than people realize "  Because almost all of Tyler's work covers the same territory—family and marriage relationships—and are located in the same setting, she has come under criticism for being repetitive and formulaic   Reviewing The Patchwork Planet, Kakutani states: "Ms  Tyler's earlier characters tended to be situated within a thick matrix of finely nuanced familial relationships that helped define both their dreams and their limitations; the people in this novel, in contrast, seem much more like lone wolves, pulled this way and that by the author's puppet strings     Ms  Tyler's famous ability to limn the daily minutiae of life also feels weary and formulaic this time around     As for the little details Ms  Tyler sprinkles over her story     they, too, have a paint-by-numbers touch  They add up to a patchwork novel that feels hokey, mechanical     and yes, too cute Tyler has also been criticized for her male characters' "Sad Sack" nature and their "lack of testosterone "  Tyler has disagreed with this criticism: "Oh that always bothers me so much   I don't think they are wimps   People are always saying we understand you write about quirky characters, and I think, isn't everybody quirky? If you look very closely at anybody you'll find impediments, women and men both "

Work habits
Over the last couple of decades, Tyler has been quite forthcoming about her work habits—both in written articles and in interviews   She is very disciplined and consistent about her work schedule and environment   She starts work in the early morning and generally works until 2 pm   Since she moved to the Roland Park neighborhood of Baltimore, she has used a small, orderly corner room in her house, where the only distractions are the sounds of "children playing outside and birds "  She has noted that at the beginning of her day, taking the first step—that is, entering her corner room—can be difficult and daunting   She begins her writing by reviewing her previous days' work and then by sitting and staring off into space for a time   She describes this phase of writing as an "extension of daydreaming," and it focuses on her characters Over the years Tyler has kept files of note cards in which ideas and observations have been recorded   Characters, descriptions, and scenes often emerge from these notes   She says the act of putting words to paper for her is a "very mechanical process," involving a number of steps: (1) writing first in long hand on unlined paper, (2) revising long hand versions, (3) typing the entire manuscript, (4) re-writing in long hand, (5) reading into a tape-recorder while listening for "false notes," (6) playing back into a stenographer's machine using the pause button to enter changes   She can be quite organized, going so far as to map out floor plans of houses and to outline the chronology of all the characters in a given novel In 2013, Tyler gave the following advice to beginning writers: "They should run out and buy the works of Erving Goffman, the sociologist who studied the meaning of gesture in personal interactions   I have cause to think about Erving Goffman nearly every day of my life, every time I see people do something unconscious that reveals more than they'll ever know about their interiors   Aren't human beings intriguing? I could go on writing about them forever "

Bibliography
Novels
If Morning Ever Comes (1964)
The Tin Can Tree (1965)
A Slipping-Down Life (1970)
The Clock Winder (1972)
Celestial Navigation (1974)
Searching for Caleb (1975)
Earthly Possessions (1977)
Morgan's Passing (1980)
Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant (1982)
The Accidental Tourist (1985)
Breathing Lessons (1988)
Saint Maybe (1991)
Ladder of Years (1995)
A Patchwork Planet (1998)
Back When We Were Grownups (2001)
The Amateur Marriage (2004)
Digging to America (2006)
Noah's Compass (2009)
The Beginner's Goodbye (2012)
A Spool of Blue Thread (2015)
Vinegar Girl (2016)
Clock Dance (2018)
Redhead by the Side of the Road (2020)
French Braid (2022)

Other
Tumble Tower (1993) A children's book illustrated by her daughter Mitra Modarressi
Timothy Tugbottom Says No! (2005) A children's book illustrated by Mitra Modarressi

Uncollected stories
Although Tyler's short stories have been published in The New Yorker, The Saturday Evening Post, Redbook, McCall's, and Harper's, they have not been published as a collection  Her stories include:

"A Street of Bugles," The Saturday Evening Post, November 30, 1963
"Dry Water," The Southern Review, Spring 1965
"I'm Not Going to Ask You Again," Harper's, September 1965
"As the Earth Gets Old," The New Yorker, October 29, 1966
"The Genuine Fur Eyelashes," Mademoiselle, January 1967
"The Tea-Machine," The Southern Review, Winter 1967
"The Feather Behind the Rock," The New Yorker, August 12, 1967
"Who Would Want a Little Boy?" Ladies Home Journal, May 1968
"The Common Courtesies," McCall's, June 1968—and The O  Henry Prize Stories 1969
"With All Flags Flying," Redbook, June 1971—and The O  Henry Prize Stories 1972
"Spending," Shenandoah, Winter 1973
"The Base-Metal Egg," The Southern Review, Summer 1973
"Neutral Ground," Family Circle, November 1974
"Half-Truths and Semi-Miracles," Cosmopolitan, December 1974
"A Knack for Languages," The New Yorker, January 13, 1975
"The Artificial Family," The Southern Review, Summer 1975
"The Geologist's Maid," The New Yorker, July 28, 1975
"Some Sign That I Ever Made You Happy," McCall's, October 1975
"Your Place Is Empty," The New Yorker, November 22, 1976—and Best American Short Stories 1977
"Holding Things Together", The New Yorker, January 24, 1977
"Average Waves in Unprotected Waters," The New Yorker, February 28, 1977
"Foot-Footing On," Mademoiselle, November 1977
"Uncle Ahmad," Quest, November–December 1977
"Teenage Wasteland," Seventeen, (1983)

Film adaptations
The Accidental Tourist (1988)
Breathing Lessons (TV) (1994)
Saint Maybe (TV) (1998)
A Slipping-Down Life (1999)
Earthly Possessions (TV) (1999)
Back When We Were Grownups (TV) (2004)

Awards
Tyler has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters since 1983 for Morgan's Passing (1980):

Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize for Fiction
nominated, American Book Award for Fiction
nominated, National Book Critics Circle Award for Fictionfor Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant (1982):

Finalist, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
Finalist, PEN/Faulkner Award
Finalist, American Book Award for Fictionfor The Accidental Tourist (1985):

1985 National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction
1986 Ambassador Book Award for Fiction
Finalist, Pulitzer Prize for Fictionfor Breathing Lessons (1988):

Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1989)
Time's "Book of the Year"for Ladder of Years (1995):

Finalist, The Orange Prize for Fiction 1996for Digging to America (2006):

Finalist, The Orange Prize for Fiction 2007for A Spool of Blue Thread (2015):

Finalist, The Man Booker Prize 2015
Finalist, The Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction 2015for Redhead By the Side of the Road (2020):

Longlist, The Man Booker Prize 2020for Lifetime achievement:

Finalist, The Man Booker International Prize 2011
The Sunday Times Award for Literary Excellence 2012
Passage 6:
Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant
Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant is a 1982 novel by Anne Tyler, set in Baltimore, Maryland  It is Tyler's ninth novel  In 1983 it was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award, and the PEN/Faulkner Award  Tyler considers it her best work 
The book follows the lives of three siblings: Cody, Ezra, and Jenny, and explores their experiences and recollections of growing up with their mother, Pearl, after the family is deserted by their father, Beck  The novel ends with Pearl's funeral, and a surprise occurrence 
The novel examines how siblings may share the same events yet experience them differently; e g  Cody remembers his childhood as a harsh time  He blames himself for his father abandoning him and considers himself left to the mercy of an angry mother who favors Ezra  Meanwhile, Ezra remembers his childhood fondly and creates a nostalgic family-themed restaurant 

Plot
Pearl Tull is a rigid perfectionist  She has three children with her husband, traveling salesman Beck, who abandons the family  After Beck leaves, Pearl struggles to maintain a front as if nothing is wrong at all  Cody, the oldest, is wild and adventurous, but is envious of his brother Ezra, who he believes is Pearl's favorite  As they grow up, this plays out in endless pranks  Ezra is passive, and never tries to get back at Cody  He is nurturing and sweet, traits that often interest Cody's girlfriends, furthering Cody's resentment  Ezra goes to work at a restaurant, which he later manages and ultimately inherits, while Cody becomes a wealthy and successful efficiency expert  When Ezra becomes engaged to Ruth, his star cook, Cody becomes obsessed with luring her away, and ultimately succeeds, but his marriage to Ruth is not easy  Ezra never recovers, and remains at home with Pearl; he is a caregiver, both for Pearl and his customers, but this is underlain by sadness 
Jenny is the third child and the most scholarly of the Tulls, but in college, she marries on an impulse with unhappy results  Only in her third marriage to a man with six children whose wife has abandoned him does she find stability in family life and in her successful, if harried, career as a pediatrician 
A recurring scene in the novel involves Ezra's unsuccessful attempts to bring the family together for a meal at his "Homesick Restaurant", reflecting his desire to unite and mend the family  At Pearl's funeral, Beck returns to the family for the first time  However, they  never seem to be able to get through a single dinner without conflict, this time with Cody facing down his father, causing Beck to leave in the middle of the dinner  Ultimately, the entire family searches the town to find Beck, eventually bringing him back to the restaurant to finish their meal together 

Reviews
Benjamin DeMott, wrote in his 1982 New York Times book review:  "Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant is a book to be settled into fully    Funny, heart-hammering, wise, it edges deep into truth that's simultaneously (and interdependently) psychological, moral and formal - deeper than many living novelists of serious reputation have penetrated, deeper than Miss Tyler herself has gone before  It is a border crossing    
"On its face Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant is a book about the costs of parental truancy  None of the three Tull children manages to cut loose from the family past; each is, to a degree, stunted; each turns for help to Pearl Tull in an hour of desperate adult need; and Pearl's conviction that something's wrong with each of them never recedes from the reader's consciousness  But no small measure of the book's subtlety derives from its exceptional - and exceptionally wise, the word bears repeating - clarity about the uselessness of cost accounting in human areas such as these    The behavior and feelings of all three are linked somehow with the terrible, never-explained rupture: their father's disappearance    But it's also the case that what is best in each of these people, as in their mother, has its roots in the experience of deprivation that they jointly despise   We arrive at an understanding that the important lessons taught by adversity never quite make themselves known to the consciousness of the learners - remain hidden, inexpressible 
"What one wants to do on finishing such a work as Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant is maintain balance, keep things intact for a stretch, stay under the spell as long as feasible    We're speaking, obviously, about an extremely beautiful book "John Updike, in his 1982 review in The New Yorker, wrote, “[Anne Tyler's] art needed only the darkening that would give her beautifully shaped sketches solidity    In her ninth novel, she has arrived at a new level of power ”Margaret Manning of The Boston Globe thought that Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant is "a book that should join those few that every literate person should read    You surface from this marvelous novel as if from the bends, lungs nearly bursting, tears rattling on the page "
Passage 7:
Steven Zwicker
Steven Nathan Zwicker (born June 4, 1943) is an American literary scholar and the Stanley Elkin Professor in the Humanities in Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St  Louis 

Biography
Zwicker is an expert on Restoration-era English literature and politics and is the author of Dryden's Political Poetry: The Typology of King and Nation (1972), Politics and Language in Dryden's Poetry: The Arts of Disguise (1984), and Lines of Authority: Politics and English Literary Culture, 1649-1689 (1993)  He has edited six volumes and published more than two dozen essays in journals and volumes in the United States and abroad 
Zwicker was born in San Diego, California  He received his BA from the University of California, Los Angeles (1965) and his MA (1966) and PhD (1969) from Brown University  He was a Woodrow Wilson Scholar at Brown University when he earned his PhD  He has been a member of the Washington University faculty since 1969 

Bibliography
Works
Dryden's Political Poetry: The Typology of King and Nation  Providence, RI: Brown University Press, 1972 
Politics and Language in Dryden's Poetry: The Arts of Disguise  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984 
Lines of Authority: Politics and English Literary Culture, 1649-1689  Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993 

As editor or contributor
Politics of Discourse: The Literature and History of Seventeenth-Century England  Edited by Kevin Sharpe and Steven N  Zwicker  Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1987 
The Cambridge Companion to English Literature, 1650-1740  Edited by Steven N  Zwicker  Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998 
Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution  Edited by Kevin Sharpe and Steven N  Zwicker  Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998 
John Dryden: A Tercentenary Miscellany  Edited by Susan Green and Steven N  Zwicker  San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 2001 
Reading, Society, and Politics in Early Modern England  Edited by Kevin Sharpe and Steven N  Zwicker  Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003 
The Cambridge Companion to John Dryden  Edited by Steven N  Zwicker  Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004 
Passage 8:
Gwyn Avenue–Bridge Street Historic District
Gwyn Avenue–Bridge Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Elkin, Surry County, North Carolina  The district encompasses 124 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in a predominantly residential section of Elkin   They were primarily built between about 1891 and 1955 and include notable examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture  Notable buildings include the Elkin Presbyterian Church (1937, 1944, 1950, 1955, 1961), First Baptist Church (1955, 1968), Alexander Martin Smith House (1893–1897) designed by George Franklin Barber, the Gwyn-Chatham-Gwyn House (c  1872, 1911, 1936), Richard Gwyn Smith House (c  1918), and Mason Lillard House (c  1910) It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 
Passage 9:
Mrs  Ted Bliss
Mrs  Ted Bliss is a 1995 novel by American author Stanley Elkin, published by Hyperion Books  It concerns the last eventful years in the life of an old widow  Elkin won the 1995 National Book Critics Circle Award in the fiction category for this work 

Plot
Mrs  Dorothy Bliss is an old woman in her early 80s living alone in a retirement community near Miami Beach, Florida, after her husband's death due to cancer  She was born in Russia and is Jewish  Her mother bribed an immigration officer and added three years to her age on legal documents in order that she could start working in Manhattan's Lower East Side after their immigration  Her husband, Ted Bliss, had a butcher shop in Chicago and together they had three kids  Her oldest son dies of cancer at a young age and after her husband's retirement, the couple moved to Florida  She is obsessed with cleaning and also keeps records of the gifts given to her grandchildren in order to keep track and stay impartial with everyone The single life of Mrs  Bliss is now filled with expectations of finding a romance or a partner but eventually she is disappointed and heartbroken  She gets involved with Alcibiades Chitral, a drug lord who operates in her neighborhood, and starts using her and her husband's car as a front for his activities  The story keeps introducing various new men in her life, such as Hector Camerando, a jai alai pro who helps Mrs  Bliss with some tips on dogs, and Tommy Auveristas, an imposter  Junior Yellin, a once upon a time lover with whom Mrs  Bliss had had a passionate encounter in her husband's butcher shop, also makes a re-entry into her life  She eventually dies when Hurricane Andrew hits Miami and brings massive destruction 

Publication
Following Elkin's death on 31 May 1995 at age 65, the novel was released posthumously on 7 September 1995  Elkin had published ten novels, five short-story collections, and various novellas and non-fiction articles in various magazines and papers during the course of his writing career, which began in the 1950s 

Review and reception
Kirkus Reviews writes that Elkin makes readers believe that the novel has a plot when drug dealers are introduced in it  However, "there isn't so much a plot as an accumulation of detail about Mrs  Bliss"  Elkin's "long poetic sentences about seemingly mundane minutiae" later bring substance to the character of Mrs  Bliss  Walter Goodman, a television critic for The New York Times, mentions in his review that "[the book] may not be Stanley Elkin's best, but it is a smart, generous, melancholy, funny, even elegiac work by a prodigious practitioner"  Publishers Weekly writes that "Elkin is at his best here, blessed with the gift of one-liner insight and a definite, if reluctantly exercised, ability to tug on a reader's heartstrings" 

Awards
Elkin won the 1995 National Book Critics Circle Award in the fiction category for the novel  The book was nominated along with Independence Day (by Richard Ford),  Galatea 2 2 (by Richard Powers), Moo (by Jane Smiley), and The Tent of Orange Mist (by Paul West)  Elkin had earlier won in the same category for his 1982 novel George Mills 
Passage 10:
George Mills (novel)
George Mills is a 1982 novel by American author Stanley Elkin, published by E  P  Dutton  The novel, set in five parts, tells the family history of succeeding generations of characters named George Mills  The story covers more than 1,000 years from the First Crusade in Europe to the Ottoman Empire to present-day America  Elkin won the 1982 National Book Critics Circle Award in the fiction category for the novel  Elkin mentioned George Mills as one of his favorite novels  The novel is considered Elkin's "longest and most complexly organized work" : 189

Plot
The first George Mills sets out on a journey with his lord on the First Crusade  But he eventually gets lost in the Netherlands and reaches a salt mine in Poland  His lord at the mines is Guillalume, who teaches him some life lessons  Mills becomes aware of what is written in his fate and this helps him understand the walks of life in this world in a better manner  Despite having the knowledge of what would happen in the future, his timidity and powerlessness does not bring out any situation-changing effects  
The novel covers the history of succeeding family members named George Mills and all of them are aware of their fates and equally feeble and ineffective in changing their circumstances  The 43rd Mills encounters King George IV and is assigned on a diplomatic mission to Constantinople, where he first joins the Janissaries but later ends up in the Ottoman Sultan's harem doing household chores  He escapes from there and reaches America  The present-day Mills in America is a caretaker of an old woman named Judith Glazer in St  Louis, who is in the final stages of terminal cancer  Mills accompanies Glazer to Mexico and upon her death participates in her funeral together with her family 

Publication
Elkin worked for over seven years writing George Mills and by the end of its completion, he felt exhausted and insisted this would be his last fictional work  But after watching a British news report of how terminally ill children had a memorable experience at Disneyland, he wrote his next novel, The Magic Kingdom (1985), and dedicated it to his son who had died young from a medical ailment after lengthy treatments George Mills was published on 25 October 1982  In 1989, Elkin mentioned that several sections of George Mills had been adapted from the 1936 novel Absalom, Absalom! by William Faulkner  He also mentioned that in writing the novel, he came to realise "that I was a novelist, that anything I say is a part of this novel is a part of this novel" : 194

Review and reception
Kirkus Reviews called the novel "a leaky collection of parts rather than one whole strong book" but said it was required reading for connoisseurs of comic fiction  The New York Times reviewer Leslie Epstein complimented "the novel's fine writing, flashes of humor and memorable heroine", but felt that the plot was "out of control"  Brad Owens of The Christian Science Monitor praised the novel for its "energetic entertainment" and said that it "sometimes overpowers its more serious intentions" 

Awards
Elkin won the 1982 National Book Critics Circle Award in the fiction category for the novel   The novel was nominated along with Levitation: Five Fictions (by Cynthia Ozick), Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant (by Anne Tyler),  The Color Purple (by Alice Walker), and Shiloh and Other Stories (by Bobbie Ann Mason)  Elkin also won the award in 1995 for his novel Mrs  Ted Bliss 



ground_truth: yes

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When did the animated series Kent Scott wrote end after beginning in September of 2002 on "Nick on CBS"?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  He is a divorced single father who transferred from Newark PD in New Jersey to be with his daughter and is the de facto second-in-command of Five-0 
Daniel Dae Kim as Detective Lieutenant Chin Ho Kelly, (seasons 1–7)  A veteran HPD detective, he was John McGarrett's former rookie and provides technical expertise and local know-how  During the season 7 finale, Chin is offered the lead position of the Five-0 Task Force established in San Francisco, which he later accepts  This was written into the show after Kim departed the series in late June 2017 prior to the start of production of the eighth season due to a salary dispute with CBS  Kim had been seeking pay equality with fellow cast members Alex O'Loughlin and Scott Caan, but CBS's final offer to Kim was 10–15% lower than what O'Loughlin and Caan make in salary 
Grace Park as Officer Kono Kalakaua, (seasons 1–7)  A former surfer, she was personally recruited by McGarrett while still in her final days at the HPD Academy  She is the cousin of Lieutenant Kelly, and later becomes the wife of Adam Noshimuri  In the conclusion of the season 7 finale, Kono is seen aboard a flight to Carson City, Nevada, where it is later revealed she has since joined a task force aimed at combating sex trafficking  This was written into the show following Park's departure from the series in late June 2017 prior to the start of production of the eighth season due to a salary dispute with CBS  Park had been seeking pay equality with stars Alex O'Loughlin and Scott Caan, but CBS's final offer to Park was 10–15% lower than what O'Loughlin and Caan make in salary 
Taryn Manning as Mary Ann McGarrett, (season 1; guest seasons 2–4, 6 & 9) Steve's younger sister who lives in Los Angeles and occasionally visits Hawaii  At the beginning of the series she and Steve are largely estranged from each other, but as time goes on gradually begin to make amends  Mary works various odd jobs including flight attendant and caregiver before adopting a baby girl whom she names Joan (later nicknamed 'Joanie') after their father 
Masi Oka as Dr  Max Bergman (seasons 2–7; recurring season 1; guest season 10), the eccentric and well-respected County of Honolulu medical examiner  He departs the series midway through season 7 upon joining Doctors without Borders in Africa 
Lauren German as Special Agent Lori Weston (season 2; guest season 2)  A senior DHS agent assigned to Five-0 to provide oversight 
Michelle Borth as Lieutenant Catherine Rollins, USNR (seasons 3–4; recurring seasons 1 & 6; guest seasons 2, 5 & 7–10)  A former Navy Intelligence officer and McGarrett's girlfriend 
Chi McBride as Captain Lou Grover, (seasons 4–10; guest season 4)  A transfer from Chicago PD and has two children with his wife Renée 
Jorge Garcia as Special Consultant Jerry Ortega (seasons 5–10; recurring season 4), a conspiracy theorist who assisted Five-0 during several investigations and is eventually hired as a "consultant" 
Meaghan Rath as Officer Tani Rey (seasons 8–10), whom McGarrett recruits from her job as a hotel pool lifeguard after being kicked out of the police academy, despite being a first-rate candidate  She initially declines to join but later joins as a team member 
Taylor Wily as Kamekona Tupuola (seasons 8–10; recurring seasons 1–7), a rehabilitated ex-convict, turned entrepreneur and owner of the Waiola Shave Ice, Kamekona's Shrimp Truck, and Kamekona's Helicopter Tours  He is a CI for the Five-0 Task Force and their friend 
Dennis Chun as Sergeant Duke Lukela (seasons 8–10; recurring seasons 1–7), HPD officer who often acts as a liaison to Five-0  He was one of the few HPD cops who was not antagonistic towards Danny or the other Five-0 members from the beginning, as he was colleagues with Steve's father and also personally knew Chin and Kono's family  In "Hookman", he was shot by Curt Stoner (Peter Weller), but survived and recovered  Dennis Chun is the son of Kam Fong Chun, who played Chin Ho Kelly in the original series 
Kimee Balmilero as Dr  Noelani Cunha (seasons 8–10; recurring season 7), a medical examiner who took over to assist the team after Max's departure  She is often seen joining in with the team during holidays and celebrations 
Beulah Koale as Officer Junior Reigns (seasons 8–10), a former Navy SEAL ranked Special Warfare Operator Second Class who asks McGarrett, a fellow SEAL, for a job  Initially turned down he returns to McGarrett a second time  McGarrett later introduces him to Duke Lukela and informs him that before becoming a member of Five-0 he will need to join and finish the police academy 
Ian Anthony Dale as Adam Noshimuri (seasons 8–10; recurring seasons 2–7), a member of the Five-0 Task Force; formerly the Head of Five-0 Task Force Special Division of Organized Crime; Kono's ex-husband, and a confidential informant to Five-0 
Katrina Law as Sergeant Quinn Liu (season 10), a former staff sergeant with Army CID demoted for insubordination 

Recurring
Crossover characters
Daniela Ruah as Kensi Blye (season 2)
LL Cool J as Sam Hanna (season 2)
Chris O'Donnell as G  Callen (season 2)
Craig Robert Young as Dracul Comescu (season 2)
Jay Hernandez as Thomas Magnum (season 10)
Perdita Weeks as Juliet Higgins (season 10)
Zachary Knighton as Orville "Rick" Wright (season 10)
Stephen Hill as Theodore "TC" Calvin (season 10)

Notable guest stars
Among notable guests who made an appearance on show are comedian Dane Cook, actors Monica Barbaro, Norman Reedus, Balthazar Getty, Josh Dallas, Greg Germann, James Remar, Tom Berenger, James Caan, Patty Duke, Lewis Tan, Peter Fonda, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, Bronson Pinchot, Craig T  Nelson, Robert Loggia, Kevin Sorbo, Adam Beach, Corbin Bernsen, Rebecca De Mornay, Jeff Fahey, Bruce Davison, Tim Daly, Gail O'Grady, Nathan Kress, Sung Kang, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Tony Curran, Bai Ling, Rick Springfield, Tom Arnold, Jon Lovitz, George Takei, Treat Williams, Peter Weller, Terrence Howard, Joan Collins, Cloris Leachman, Lance Gross, Joey Lawrence and Chuck Norris, athletes  Michelle Wie, Clarissa Chun, Martellus Bennett, Eric Dickerson, Jerry Rice, Michael Bennett and Metta World Peace, models Jasmine Tookes, Jacquelyn Jablonski, Behati Prinsloo and Kendall Jenner, and musicians Jimmy Buffett, Sean "Diddy" Combs, Nas, Nick Jonas, Xzibit, JoJo (singer) and Patrick Monahan 

Episodes
Crossovers
Note: The table below only accounts for full crossover events, single guest appearances are not included 

Production
History
The idea to bring Hawaii Five-O back to television had been under consideration well before the 2010 version was announced  The first attempt was a one-hour pilot for a new series that was made in 1996 but never aired, although a few clips were found years later and are available online  Produced and written by Stephen J  Cannell, it was intended to star Gary Busey and Russell Wong as the new Five-0 team  Original cast member James MacArthur briefly returned as Dan Williams, this time as governor of Hawaii, with cameos made by other former Five-O regulars  Another attempt was made to turn the project into a film by Warner Bros  but that also was scrapped On August 12, 2008, CBS announced that it would bring Hawaii Five-O back to the network schedule for the 2009–10 television season  The new version would be an updated present-day sequel, this time centering on Steve McGarrett, who succeeds his late father Steve (Jack Lord's character in the original series) as the head of the unit  Edward Allen Bernero, executive producer and showrunner of Criminal Minds, was to helm the new take, which he described as "Hawaii Five-O, version 2 0"  It was also to incorporate most of the iconic elements from the original, including the "Book 'em, Danno" catchphrase, into the remake  Bernero, who was a fan of the original, and had a ring tone of the series' theme song on his cell phone, had always wanted to bring the series back to TV In October 2009, it was announced that Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci had signed on to script a pilot episode, and that Peter M  Lenkov would serve as the series showrunner  Kurtzman and Orci decided to reboot the original concept similar to their work on the 2009 Star Trek film, rather than a sequel to the original series  Production on the pilot was shot in and around Honolulu in March 2010 On May 17, 2010, the Hawaii Five-O remake was picked up by CBS, which scheduled it for Monday nights in the 10–11 p m  time slot  The news was good for the state of Hawaii, which hoped that the remake would pump new life into the economy  Production of the remainder of the first season started in June 2010  On June 24, 2010, the producers announced that it would use the warehouse at the former Honolulu Advertiser building as the official soundstage studio for the series starting in July 2010  Exteriors representing Five-0 headquarters in the series are located at the Ali'iolani Hale in Honolulu, directly across the street from Iolani Palace, which represented Five-O headquarters in the original series On October 21, 2010, CBS announced that the first season had been given a full season order of 24 episodes  Subsequent seasons have consisted of between 23 and 25 episodes 
This revival series uses a zero as the last character in its title instead of the letter "O" that is used in the title of the original series  According to Los Angeles Times, a CBS insider said that the disambiguation was necessary because of search engine results  When Variety conducted its own search engine test on Google, it found that "Hawaii Five-0" (with the zero) had 263,000 results while "Hawaii Five-O" (with the letter O) had over 1 7 million Online voting by viewers determined the ending of the January 14, 2013 episode "Kapu" ("Forbidden"), with two zones, Eastern and Central Time Zones, and Mountain and Pacific Time Zones, each getting their own result  Each alternative ending could be seen online after the episode aired On February 28, 2020, it was announced that the series would end after 10 seasons and 240 episodes with a two-episode series finale on April 3, 2020  This was confirmed by CBS Entertainment president Kelly Kahl and show's showrunner and co-creator Peter Lenkov 

Casting
In February 2010, it was announced that Daniel Dae Kim had been cast to play Chin Ho Kelly, an ex-cop trained by Steve McGarrett's father  He was the first actor cast for the remake  Several days later, Alex O'Loughlin was cast as Steve McGarrett, the son of ex-cop John McGarrett (portrayed by William Sadler)  The producers pay homage to the original series throughout the first year by making one of Steve's hobbies restoring his father's 1974 Mercury Marquis, which is in fact the actual car driven by Jack Lord in the latter half of the original series' run  Actress Grace Park was later cast as rookie detective Kona "Kono" Kalakaua  Although in the original series, the character of Kono was male, the reboot series swapped the cop's gender in order to steer clear of a task force devoid of women  Scott Caan was cast as Danny "Danno" Williams  In the recurring cast are Jean Smart as Governor Pat Jameson and Masi Oka as the medical examiner Max Bergman  Oka was upgraded to series regular for the second season Of note, several recurring roles have been filled by surviving members of the original cast  Al Harrington, who played Det  Ben Kokua in the original series, now plays a friend of McGarrett's, Mamo Kahike  Dennis Chun, who had various guest roles in the original series and is the son of Kam Fong Chun (the actor that portrayed the original Chin Ho), has a recurring role as HPD Sgt  Duke Lukela in the remake  James MacArthur, the last surviving main cast member from the original series, agreed to guest-star in a first-season episode; however, he died on October 28, 2010, before filming his appearance Larisa Oleynik was cast as Jessica Kaye (changed to Jenna Kaye in the episode broadcast), scheduled to join the Five-0 task force in the show's 19th episode  Oleynik appeared on a recurring basis for the remainder of the 2010–11 season, with an option to become a regular in season 2; however, her character was killed off in season 2, episode 10  It was also announced that Terry O'Quinn would be joining the cast of the show in season two, along with Lauren German, who would play Lori Weston, a former Homeland Security (and FBI agent) official assigned by the new governor to keep an eye on the team Since the show began in 2010 Michelle Borth had a recurring role where she appeared as on and off Steve McGarrett's girlfriend, Lt  Catherine Rollins, a Navy Lieutenant  On March 26, 2012, CBS announced that Borth would become a cast regular on Hawaii Five-0 for season 3  On March 27, 2014, it was announced that she would not be returning for the fifth season, with the reason for her departure left unknown  On April 24, 2015, it was announced that Borth would return as a guest star for the shows fifth-season finale  In July 2015 it was announced that Borth would have a recurring role in the first three episodes of the shows 6th season  On September 8, 2016, it was announced that Borth would be returning as a guest for the shows 150th episode  Christine Lahti was also cast in a recurring role as Doris McGarrett, the thought-to-be-deceased mother of Steve McGarrett On July 10, 2013, ahead of the show's fourth season it was announced that Chi McBride would have a guest spot in the first episode of the season  On November 21, 2013, it was announced that McBride would become a series regular beginning with the seasons 10th episode  After appearing as a guest star in several season four episodes, Jorge Garcia who plays the character of Jerry Ortega (a conspiracy theorist and high school classmate of Chin's) was promoted to series regular commencing season five  This is the second time Kim and Garcia serve as regulars together with Lost being the first Beginning with the second episode of the 2016–17 season, Claire Forlani had a recurring role as Alicia Brown, a retired criminal profiler who helped the team find a serial killer On November 17, 2016, it was announced that Oka who portrays Bergman would be departing the series after the thirteenth episode of the seventh season On June 30, 2017, ahead of the series's eighth season, it was announced that series regulars Kim and Park would be departing the series due to a salary dispute with CBS  Kim and Park had been seeking pay equality with co-stars O'Loughlin and Caan, but did not reach satisfactory deals with CBS Television Studios  CBS's final offer to Kim and Park was 10–15% lower than what O'Loughlin and Caan make in salary  An update of their characters would be given in the first episode of the new season Following Kim's and Park's departures it was announced that longtime recurring cast member Ian Anthony Dale who portrays Kono Kalakaua's husband Adam Noshimuri had been upped to series regular for the eighth season  It was also announced that Meaghan Rath and Beulah Koale would join the series as new characters and new members of Five-0 On July 21, 2017, it was announced that recurring cast members Taylor Wily, Kimee Balmilero, and Dennis Chun would also be upped to series regulars for the eighth season On March 19, 2018, it was announced that Borth would once again return to the series in a guest role for the twentieth episode of the series' eighth season 

Music
Hawaii Five-0 uses the original show's theme song composed by Morton Stevens  Critics received an early copy of the pilot with a synthesizer and guitar-based version of the theme  After negative reaction to the reworked song spread quickly online, Kurtzman said he and others realized that changing the music was a mistake, and arranged for studio musicians, including three who had worked on the original from 1968, to rerecord the theme "exactly as it was", except shortened to 30 seconds from its original length of about 60 seconds  Original instrumental music is composed by Brian Tyler and Keith Power 

Soundtrack
Hawaii Five-0: Original Songs from the Television Series is a soundtrack album featuring music used in the CBS television series Hawaii Five-0  The first volume in the series received attention for how show producers integrated these new and previously unreleased tracks from major-name artists into the second-season episodes  This method contrasted with the norm for TV soundtracks, which tend to be compilations of previously released music that is already available individually or on other albums  Hawaii Five-0: Original Songs from the Television Series was released on October 4, 2011 

McGarrett's car
The car driven by the original Steve McGarrett in Hawaii Five-O is a 1974 Mercury Marquis  The car has belonged to stuntman John Nordlum since the original series ended  Nordlum has let the car be used in the new series, where it is said to have belonged to Steve McGarrett's father John  The license plate is still F6-3958 

Broadcast and release
The series premiered in the United States on CBS on September 20, 2010, exactly 42 years after the premiere of the original series  Canada's Global TV and NTV premiered the show at the same time as the United States premiere  Hawaii Five-0 has been syndicated for broadcast in several countries worldwide, including Australia, the United Kingdom,  New Zealand and South Africa 

Syndication
Originally, TNT acquired the off-network rights to air the series and began airing episodes on the cable channel in August 2014 Ion Television has since acquired the off-network rights to the series; episodes began airing in January 2021 

Streaming
All episodes are available to stream with Paramount+ (formerly CBS All Access) 

Home media
Reception and impact
Critical reception
The show has received generally positive reviews from critics  Metacritic gave season one of the show a 66 out of 100 aggregate score based on reviews from 29 critics  Rotten Tomatoes gave season one a score of 74% based on 23 reviews  The site's consensus calls it: "A brisk, slick reboot of an old favorite, Hawaii Five-0's picturesque locales and attractive cast make for pleasurable viewing "On May 19, 2010, The Honolulu Advertiser offered an opinion about the new version: "A smart script, slick production values and maybe a splash of nostalgia got the remake of Hawaii Five-O placed on the CBS prime-time lineup this fall," but went on to add, "it takes more than a brand name to capture viewers' attention " The piece also pointed out that times have changed since the original left the air, citing other shows that were set in Hawaii which have come and gone  It expressed a hope that the producers will succeed in bringing a new life to the title with this remake  Hawaii Five-0 was also in the Guinness World Records 2012 for Highest-Rated New Show in the U S  with a record 19 34 million viewers for its January 23, 2011 episode (Kai e'e) 

Ratings
Awards and nominations
Series star Scott Caan was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film for his role as Danny on Hawaii Five-0  Hawaii Five-0 also won the "Favorite New TV Drama" at the 37th People's Choice Awards on January 5, 2011 

Effect on Hawaii's economy
The popularity of Hawaii Five-0 resulted in a positive effect on several local businesses that saw an increase in sales after they were featured in particular episodes  Visitors to the USS Missouri Memorial Association increased 25 percent in 2010, a record year  Waiola Shave Ice, the business run by Kamekona on the show, saw a 20 percent increase in shave ice sales, along with a 30 percent rise in overall sales  Kona Brewing Company also saw a 60 percent increase in sales after their beers were featured as McGarrett's favored alcoholic beverage in several episodes  The tourist economy was also impacted, as many Mainlander fans were subsequently inspired to visit the islands after viewing the series 
Passage 6:
Scott McCord
Scott McCord (born April 19, 1971) is a Canadian actor  He is known for his versatility and character work in film, television, animation and on stage  He is a member of The Actors Studio  On television he has appeared in series regular, recurring and guest starring roles  He plays the mysterious Victor in the MGM+ original science fiction horror series From from the executive producers of Lost  Other television  appearances include The Sinner, FBI, Jupiter's Legacy, and Lost Girl    He played researcher James Joy on the Canadian investigative journalism drama series The Eleventh Hour from 2002 to 2005   He has appeared in standout character roles in the studio films 16 Blocks, Shoot 'Em Up, and supporting roles in independent films East of Middle West, Blood Honey and the animated features The Nut Job and Charlotte  He has worked in theatre most of his career in New York and Toronto, garnering a Dora Mavor Moore Award Best Actor nomination in 2002 for The Qualities of Zero 
He is known for his voiceover work in popular animated series  He plays Dan Kuso in Bakugan Battle Brawlers, Tetsuya Watarigani in Beyblade: Metal Fusion, Owen, Trent, Jacques and Brody in Fresh TV's Total Drama franchise, Skull Boy in Ruby Gloom, McGee in Camp Lakebottom, and Jake in the animated Nickelodeon/TVOKids television series, PAW Patrol  In 2016, he won the Canada Screens Award for Best Performance in an Animated Series 
As a musician, he has released two albums, the solo effort Blues For Sunshine (2009) and Scott McCord and the Bonafide Truth (2012)  Scott McCord and the Bonafide Truth was nominated for Best Artist of the Year at the Canadian 2010 Maple Blues Awards 

Filmography
Television
Film
Video games
Passage 7:
Kenn Scott
Kenn Scott is a Toronto-based screenwriter noted for his work in children's programming and animation   Included amongst the many shows he has written for are Ned's Newt, Iggy Arbuckle, Captain Flamingo, Rescue Heroes, Seven Little Monsters, Pelswick, Quads!, Delilah and Julius, Dino Dan and Doki  His column "A Writer's Life" appears regularly in the magazine Canadian Screenwriter   He is also the co-author of the university textbook On Our Wavelength: Broadcasting History From A Canadian Perspective, and the video game Uh-Oh Flamingo!Scott won a special animation award from the Writers Guild of Canada for his work on Ned's Newt, as well as a 2008 Canadian Screenwriting Award in the Children & Preschool category for an episode of Iggy Arbuckle In addition to his continuing work as a screenwriter, Scott has been teaching screenwriting and media history at Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University) in Toronto since 1997  As of 2021, he is also a professor in the Children's Media program at Toronto's Centennial College 
Passage 8:
Henry Gilroy
Henry Alan Gilroy (born November 1976) is an American film and television screenwriter and producer  He is best known for co-writing the animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars 

Early life
From an early age, Gilroy loved comic books and animation which inspired him to study film at several colleges in the greater Los Angeles area 

Career
His first job at a Hollywood studio was working as an editor for Warner Bros ' animation department working Steven Spielberg's Tiny Toon Adventures  It was at Warner Bros  that Gilroy sold his first script to the producers of the Emmy winning Batman: The Animated Series, for the Scarecrow episode, "Nothing to Fear"  After a staff writer gig on the WB's Tazmanian Devil animated series, Tazmania, Gilroy moved on to work on The Tick animated series before taking a staff job at Disney Television Animation for several years where he worked on such series as Timon & Pumbaa, Mickey Mouse Works, House of Mouse, Lilo & Stitch: The Series and Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! before being chosen to develop and write the Star Wars: The Clone Wars CG animated series for Lucasfilm Animation with creator George Lucas and director Dave Filoni  He served as head writer for season one and part of season two, penning several episodes, including the first stories featuring fan favorite character Ahsoka Tano, among others  He is also the author of several Star Wars comic books Leaving Lucasfilm, Gilroy spent two years at Hasbro Studios, where he developed and led the writing on two other animated series, G I  Joe: Renegades and Kaijudo, and then moved on to Marvel Animation Studios where he acted as supervising producer and head writer on Hulk and the Agents of S M A S H  and Ultimate Spider-Man as well as penning two CG Marvel Heroes United films featuring team-ups with Iron Man & the Hulk and Iron Man & Captain America 
Gilroy is co-creator of the first Bionicle trilogy and has since written for numerous other animated series, such as The Mask, Justice League Unlimited, The 99, Kim Possible, and the direct-to-video Disney movie title Atlantis: Milo's Return and the Funimation anime film Mass Effect: Paragon Lost based on the hit video game for Electronic Arts and BioWare Gilroy wrote the four-issue Joker/Mask comic book which was collected by Dark Horse/DC Comics in 2001  He also wrote the Dark Horse Alien one-shot comic books, Aliens: Herk Mondo and Aliens: Mondo Heat in collaboration with artist and Pixar director Ronnie del Carmen In 2014, Gilroy returned to Lucasfilm under Disney studios to serve as co-executive producer and series writer of Star Wars: Rebels where he wrote seventeen episodes through 2018 In 2019, Gilroy was selected as the showrunner/head writer for an animated Magic: The Gathering TV show for Netflix with the Russo Brothers In 2020, Gilroy began working on DreamWorks Dragons: The Nine Realms, an animated television series for DreamWorks Animation 

Television and film credits
Television
series head writer denoted in bold
Batman: The Animated Series (1992)
2 Stupid Dogs (1993)
The Tick (1994)
Taz-Mania (1994)
The Baby Huey Show (1994)
The Mask: Animated Series (1995)
Earthworm Jim (1995)
The Savage Dragon (1995–1996)
The Mouse and the Monster (1996)
All Dogs Go to Heaven: The Series (1998)
Timon & Pumbaa (1999)
Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century (1999)
Jackie Chan Adventures (2001)
Teamo Supremo (2002)
House of Mouse (2002)
Lilo & Stitch: The Series (2003)
Justice League Unlimited (2004)
Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! (2006)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008–2010)
Transformers Animated (2008)
The Secret Saturdays (2009)
G I  Joe: Renegades (2010–2011)
Iron Man: Armored Adventures (2012)
Kaijudo: Rise of the Duel Masters (2012)
Voltron Force (2012)
Hulk and the Agents of S M A S H  (2012–2013)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014)
Ultimate Spider-Man Season 3 (2014)
Star Wars Rebels (2014–2018)
Avengers Assemble (2017)
Guardians of the Galaxy (2017)
DreamWorks Dragons: The Nine Realms (2021–present)

Film
Mickey's House of Villains (2002)
Atlantis: Milo’s Return (2003)
Bionicle: Mask of Light (2003)
Bionicle 2: Legends of Metru Nui (2004)
Bionicle 3: Web of Shadows (2005)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008)
Mass Effect: Paragon Lost (2012)
Heroes United (2013–2014)
Passage 9:
Pelswick
John Callahan's Pelswick (or simply Pelswick) is an animated television series co-produced by Nelvana Enterprises, Inc  and Suzhou Hong Ying Animation Corporation Limited  The series is about the title character, who uses a wheelchair, emphasizing that he lived a normal life  It was based on the books created by John Callahan  Making a show suitable for children required toning down Callahan's dark humor somewhat, and the show was positive and life-affirming  For this, the show was very groundbreaking at the time 

Characters
Pelswick Eggert (voiced by Robert Tinkler) – A 13-year-old boy who uses a wheelchair  How he became a paraplegic is not revealed in the series, but the series' creators imply through commentary that it was due to a car accident  He dislikes it when people treat him differently because of his disability  He dislikes following the crowd and he goes by his own rules 
Ace Nakamura (voiced by Phil Guerrero) – Pelswick's best friend  Ace is technologically smarter than any of his friends, and is often the thinker of the situation 
Goon Gunderson (voiced by Peter Oldring) – Pelswick's other best friend  Huge and slow-witted in his actions and thoughts, Goon is generally good-hearted but rather dangerous when angry  He does not know that wrestling is staged 
Julie Smockford (voiced by Julie Lemieux) – A pretty girl and Pelswick's love interest  She hates all the cliques and popularity contests at school and seems to care mostly about her popularity and image  Julie is smart, dramatic, sometimes annoying, but cares a lot about Pelswick  Pelswick has a crush on her but she is completely oblivious about it  Julie believes in justice for all 
Sandra Scoddle (voiced by Kim Kuhteubl) – Julie's snooty and arrogant best friend/rival and one of Pelswick's friends  She thinks she is better than everyone else and often disputes with Julie  She thinks she is cool, but she's not  She gets caught into the latest trends 
Mr  Jimmy (voiced by David Arquette) – Pelswick's guardian angel who often gives him advice that confuses him until the last moment, no matter what it is  Pelswick cannot stand him and his issues  He is also the comic relief of the show 
Kate Eggert (voiced by Tracey Moore) – Pelswick's precocious younger sister  She treats her reputation as a little sister like a business and usually blackmails Pelswick when butting into his business  She has dreams of owning a big corporation  She is 10 years old 
Bobby Eggert – Pelswick's and Kate's baby brother  He rarely talks and admires Pelswick  Given that Pelswick and Kate's mother is unseen, it can be assumed Bobby is either adopted or is the child of a relative that their father is taking care of 
Quentin Eggert (voiced by Tony Rosato) – Pelswick, Kate and Bobby's politically correct father who works as a college professor until he is fired in "The Case of the Filched Files " He later gets his job back  He wants to do everything by papers  His wife was killed in the same car accident that made Pelswick into a paraplegic 
Priscilla "Gram-Gram" Eggert (voiced by Ellen Ray Hennessy) – Quentin's mother and Pelswick, Kate and Bobby's deranged grandmother  She often does "extreme" acts beyond that of a grandmother  Most of these acts results in her getting arrested 
Boyd Scullarzo (voiced by Chuck Campbell) – The bully of Pelswick's school who likes bullying Pelswick and others, not physically but with humiliation 
Vice Principal Ziegler (voiced by David Huband) – The vice principal of Jr High (Pelswick's school)  Despite his title, he usually assumes the role of a principal  Throughout the show, there is no mention of there being a principal at Jr High  During the second episode of the series, this issue was lampshaded by Goon Gunderson who questioned why their school had a vice principal but no principal 

Episodes
Season 1 (2000–01)
Season 2 (2001–02)
Broadcast
The show aired in reruns on CBS during the Nick on CBS block from September 14 to November 23, 2002, and on Nicktoons from May 2002 to September 2005  The show reran on Adult Swim in Canada between early 2021 and mid-2022 



ground_truth: November