prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Band-e-Amir Dragons is named after the lakes in which Afghan national park?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Band-e Amir National Park
Band-e Amir National Park (Persian: بند امیر) Afghanistan established its first national park on April 22, 2009, to promote and protect the natural beauty of a series of intensely blue lakes created by natural dams high in the Hindu Kush  Band-e-Amir is a chain of six lakes in the mountainous desert of central Afghanistan  The lakes formed from mineral-rich water that seeped out of faults and cracks in the rocky landscape  Over time, the water deposited layers of hardened mineral (travertine) that built up into walls that now contain the water  According to the Wildlife Conservation Society, who helped the Afghan government set up the park, Band-e-Amir is one of the few travertine systems in the world They were created by the carbon dioxide rich water oozing out of the faults and fractures to deposit calcium carbonate precipitate in the form of travertine walls that today store the water of these lakes  Band-e Amir is one of the few rare natural lakes in the world which are created by travertine systems  The site of Band-e Amir has been described as Afghanistan's Grand Canyon, and draws thousands of tourists a year  The river is part of the system of the Balkh River 

History
The name Band-e Amir literally means "the Ruler's Dam" which is believed by some to be a reference to Ali, the fourth Caliph of the Muslims  The area is dominated by ethnic Hazaras, who are estimated to make up about 40 percent of Afghanistan's population In her 1970 guide to Afghanistan, Nancy Dupree wrote that a full description about Band-e Amir would "rob the uninitiated of the wonder and amazement it produces on all who gaze upon it"  Parts of the 1975 Bollywood film Dharmatma, with Feroz Khan and Hema Malini, were filmed at the Band-e Amir National Park In 2004, Band-e Amir was submitted for recognition as a World Heritage site  Efforts to make Band-e Amir a national park started in the 1970s, but were then put on hold due to the wars  In April 2009, Band-e Amir was finally declared Afghanistan's first national park  As of 2013, about 6,000 local tourists visit the Band-e Amir National Park every year  The area is protected by a small number of park rangers 

Geography
Band-e Amir is situated at approximately 75 km to the north-west of the ancient city of Bamyan, close to the town of Yakawlang  Together with Bamyan Valley, they are the heart of Afghanistan's tourism, attracting thousands of tourists every year and from every corner of the world  The Band-e Amir lakes are primarily a late spring and summertime tourism destination, as the high elevation central Hazarajat region of Afghanistan is extremely cold in winter, with temperatures reaching as low as −20 °C (−4 0 °F)  The six constituent lakes of Band-e Amir are:

Band-e Gholaman (Lake of the slaves)
Band-e Qambar (Lake of Caliph Ali's slave)
Band-e Haibat (Lake of grandiose)
Band-e Panir (Lake of cheese)
Band-e Pudina (Lake of wild mint)
Band-e Zulfiqar (Lake of the sword of Ali)The white travertine dams created by fault lines, which are prevalent in the Band-e Amir Valley, form the barriers between the lakes  Band-e Haibat is the biggest and the deepest of the six, with an average depth of approximately 150 metres, as estimated by the Provincial Reconstruction Team diving team from New Zealand  Another comparable lake is Band-e Azhdahar (The Dragon), located a few kilometres southeast of the town of Bamyan, which has also been created as a result of carbon dioxide rich water oozing out of the faults underground and depositing calcium carbonate precipitate to form the travertine walls of Band-e Amir 

Climate
High in the Hindu Kush at approximately 2,900 metres (9,500 ft) above sea level, the national park has a subarctic climate (Dsc) closely bordering on a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dsb)  The climate is extremely severe and the lakes freezing over in winter 

Current status
After the formal establishment of the park in 2009, a park office with a park warden and a group of rangers was installed to manage the conservation and protection of park natural resources  Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is the only non-government organization with an office in the park  WCS supports park staff and works with the local community to promote conservation and sustainable use of natural resources  Ecotourism is expected to decrease local economic dependency on the park's natural resources  Tourists visit Band-e-Amir primarily in the summer months when the weather is warm  A poor local economy and limited outside investment have hampered efforts to attract winter tourism 
The local people in Band-e-Amir National Park rely heavily on the park's natural resources for their livelihood  Grazing of livestock, collection of shrubs for fuel and winter fodder and rain-fed farming is still widely practiced within the park boundary  Although the illegal hunting of birds and a few mammals living in the park is formally prohibited by the park office, there is no current data to evaluate the status of wildlife and biodiversity 

Important Bird Area
A 41,000 ha tract overlapping the national park has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Himalayan snowcocks, Hume's larks, white-winged snowfinches, Afghan snowfinches and Eurasian crimson-winged finches 

See also
List of dams and reservoirs in Afghanistan
Natural areas of Afghanistan
Wakhan National Park
Nuristan National Park
Passage 2:
Qasim Oryakhail
Qasim Oryakhail (born 10 January 1992) is an Afghan cricketer  He made his Twenty20 debut for Band-e-Amir Dragons in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 12 September 2017  He made his first-class debut for Speen Ghar Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 20 October 2017  He made his List A debut for Kabul Region in the 2018 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament on 15 July 2018 
Passage 3:
Samim Sultani
Samim Sultani is an Afghan cricketer  He made his Twenty20 debut for Band-e-Amir Dragons in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 14 September 2017 
Passage 4:
Fitratullah Khawari
Fitratullah Khawari (born 29 January 1997) is an Afghan cricketer  He made his List A debut for Mis Ainak Region in the 2017 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament on 10 August 2017  He made his Twenty20 debut for Band-e-Amir Dragons in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 18 September 2017  He made his first-class debut for Speen Ghar Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 20 October 2017 In September 2018, he was named in Kabul's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament 
Passage 5:
Ikram Faizi
Ikram Alikhil (Pashto: اکرام فيضي عليخېل; born 29 September 2000) is an Afghan cricketer  He made his international debut for the Afghanistan cricket team in March 2019 

Domestic and U19 career
He made his Twenty20 debut for Band-e-Amir Dragons in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 14 September 2017  Prior to his T20 debut, he was part of Afghanistan's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup  He also scored an unbeaten century in the final of the 2017 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup and helped Afghanistan to win their maiden ACC Under-19 Cup title In December 2017, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for the 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup He made his first-class debut for Speen Ghar Region in the 2018 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 1 March 2018  He made his List A debut for Speen Ghar Region in the 2018 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament on 10 July 2018 In September 2018, he was named in Balkh's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament 

International career
In December 2018, he was named in Afghanistan's under-23 team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup In February 2019, he was named in Afghanistan's Test and One Day International (ODI) squads for their series against Ireland in India  He made his ODI debut for Afghanistan against Ireland on 2 March 2019  He made his Test debut for Afghanistan against Ireland on 15 March 2019 On 6 June 2019, he was added to Afghanistan's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup  He replaced Mohammad Shahzad, who was ruled out of the tournament due to a knee injury 
Passage 6:
Arif Khan (cricketer)
Arif Khan (born 5 June 2001) is an Afghan cricketer  He made his List A debut for Band-e-Amir Region in the 2017 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament on 10 August 2017  He made his Twenty20 debut for Band-e-Amir Dragons in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 17 September 2017  He made his first-class debut for Speen Ghar Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 7 November 2017 
Passage 7:
Muslim Musa
Muslim Musa (born 15 January 1997) is an Afghan cricketer  He made his List A debut for Amo Region in the 2017 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament on 10 August 2017  Before his List A debut, he was part of Afghanistan's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup He made his Twenty20 debut for Band-e-Amir Dragons in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 12 September 2017  He made his first-class debut for Speen Ghar Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 20 October 2017 In September 2018, he was named in Kabul's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament 
Passage 8:
Band-e-Amir Dragons
Band-e-Amir Dragons (Pashto: بند امير ښاماران Band-e-Amīr Khāmārān / Shāmārān; Dari: بند امیر شاماران) or Band-e-Amir Region is one of eight regional first-class cricket teams in Afghanistan  In the 2017 Shpageeza team auction, the Band-e-Amir Dragons team was bought by Paragon Business Group, a Finance and investment company, and it will play as the Paragon Band-e-Amir Dragons in this competition  The Region represents the following provinces in the centre of Afghanistan: Ghazni, Bamyan, Daykundi, and Maidan Wardak  The team is named after Band-e Amir, a series of six deep blue lakes in Bamyan Province 
Band-e-Amir Region compete in the Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament, which has had first-class status from 2017 onwards  In October 2017, they lost their opening fixture of the tournament, against Mis Ainak Region, by 262 runs They also play in the Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament, which was granted List A status from 2017  and the Afghan Shpageeza Cricket League Twenty20 competition (which has Twenty20 status from 2017) using the name Band-e-Amir Dragons 
Passage 9:
Shahidullah (cricketer)
Shahidullah (born 6 February 1999) is an Afghan cricketer  He made his List A debut for Afghanistan A against Zimbabwe A during their tour to Zimbabwe on 27 January 2017  Prior to his List A debut, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for the 2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup  He made his international debut for the Afghanistan cricket team in March 2021 

Career
Shahidullah made his Twenty20 debut for Band-e-Amir Dragons in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 12 September 2017  He made his first-class debut for Mis Ainak Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 19 November 2017  He was the leading run-scorer for Mis Ainak Region in the 2018 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament, with 663 runs in eight matches In September 2018, Shahidullah was named in Kabul's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament  In December 2018, he was named in Afghanistan's under-23 team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup In August 2019, Shahidullah was named in Afghanistan's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the 2019–20 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series  In November 2019, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh  In February 2021, he was named in Afghanistan's Test squad for their series against Zimbabwe  He made his Test debut for Afghanistan, against Zimbabwe, on 10 March 2021 In July 2021, Shahidullah was named in Afghanistan's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against Pakistan  In January 2022, he was named in Afghanistan's ODI squad for their series against the Netherlands in Qatar  He made his ODI debut on 21 January 2022, for Afghanistan against the Netherlands 
Passage 10:
Javeed Khan
Javeed Khan is an Afghan cricketer  He made his Twenty20 debut for Band-e-Amir Dragons in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 21 September 2017 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Justin Harper (American football)
Justin Harper (born February 24, 1985) is an American college football coach and former professional Canadian football wide receiver  He is currently the tight ends coach at Old Dominion University  Before this, he served as the interim head coach at Virginia State University and was the wide receivers coach at Towson University in Towson, Maryland  His last professional stint was as a member of the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL)  He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the seventh round of the 2008 NFL Draft  He played college football at Virginia Tech 

Early years
Harper played football at Bandys High School, where he led his team to the state championship game as a senior, playing both wide receiver and defensive back   He was recruited by Winthrop University to play basketball, but decided late in his senior season to try to become a Division I football player   After graduating, he attended Hargrave Military Academy   He then was recruited by Virginia Tech 

College career
Harper appeared in 51 games during his four-year career at Virginia Tech, finishing with 83 catches for 1,338 yards, a 16 1 per-catch average, and nine touchdowns   Harper's best game probably came in his final collegiate contest when he caught four passes for 64 yards (including a 20-yard touchdown), and scored on an 84-yard punt return in the 2008 Orange Bowl against the University of Kansas 
As a senior in 2007, Harper played wide receiver alongside Eddie Royal and Josh Morgan and recorded career highs with 41 catches, 635 receiving yards and five touchdown receptions   Together, Harper, Royal and Morgan combined for 120 catches during their final season at Virginia Tech   As a junior in 2006, Harper finished fourth on the team in receptions with 21 catches for 324 yards and one touchdown    During his sophomore season, he posted 16 catches for 295 yards and one touchdown, which came in the Hokies' 35-24 Gator Bowl victory over Louisville   As a freshman in 2004, he caught five passes for 84 yards and a touchdown 

Professional career
NFL
Harper was drafted in the seventh round of the 2008 NFL Draft by the Baltimore Ravens  He would continue as a member of the Ravens for the next three seasons only receiving limited playing time during the preseason  Justin Harper was released prior to the start of the 2011 NFL season 

CFL
On March 13, 2012 the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League announced that they had signed Harper to a contract 
On January 24, 2013 Harper was traded to the BC Lions along with Saskatchewan's third round pick in the 2014 CFL Draft in exchange for slotback Geroy Simon   On May 24, 2013, a 3 days after the Lions signed Emmanuel Arceneaux, Harper was released 
Passage 2:
Colorado Buffaloes football
The Colorado Buffaloes football program represents the University of Colorado Boulder in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level  The team is a member of the Pac-12 Conference, having previously been a charter member of the Big 12 Conference  Before joining the Big 12, they were members of the Big Eight Conference  The CU football team has played at Folsom Field since 1924   The Buffs all-time record is 716–520–36 ( 577 winning percentage) as of the 2022 season  Colorado won the 1990 National Championship   The football program is 27th on the all-time win list and 40th in all-time winning percentage 

History
Beginning in 1890, Colorado football has enjoyed much success throughout its more than 135 years of competitive play 
The Buffaloes have appeared in numerous bowl games (28 appearances in bowl games (12–16), 36th all-time), and won 27 conference championships, 5 division championships and an AP national championship in 1990 Folsom Field was built in 1924, and since then, Colorado has a 308–169–14 record at home through the 2016 season  The road game against the Nebraska Cornhuskers on November 24, 2006, was Colorado's 1,100th football game   The game on September 12, 2015, against Massachusetts was the school's 1,200th football game 

Conference affiliations
Independent (1890–1892, 1905)
Colorado Football Association (1893–1904, 1906–1908)
Colorado Faculty Athletic Conference (1909)
Rocky Mountain Faculty Athletic Conference (1910–1937)
Mountain States Conference (1938–1947)
Big Eight Conference (1948–1995)
Big 12 Conference (1996–2010)
Pac-12 Conference (2011–present)

Championships
National championships
Colorado won one national championship in football for 1990 : 120 
1990 season
Colorado won the national championship in 1990 under the direction of head coach Bill McCartney, who helmed the team from 1982 to 1994  While the Georgia Tech won the United Press International Coaches Poll, Colorado won the Associated Press, Football Writers Association of America and other polls   Colorado played the most difficult schedule in the country, beat more ranked teams and conference champions, and had a more talented roster  Colorado capped the season with a 10–9 win over Notre Dame in the Orange Bowl, a rematch of the 1989 season Orange Bowl Game which Notre Dame won 21–6  Colorado's tie came against Tennessee, who was ranked No  8, the first week of the season when Colorado was ranked No  5  The second week gave the Buffs a scare, scoring with 12 seconds left in the game on a 4th and Goal attempt  The next week gave Colorado its only loss of the season, losing 23–22 to Illinois and dropping Colorado to No  20 in the polls  Colorado then went on to beat teams ranked (at the time) No  22 Texas, No  12 Washington, No  22 Oklahoma, and No  3 Nebraska  They ended the season 7–0 in the Big Eight Conference for the second straight season  They then capped the season with a win over Notre Dame who were number 1 until a loss in their second to last game of the regular season 

Conference championships
Colorado has won 26 conference championships in over a century of college play, spanning through five conferences 

† Co-champions

Division championships
† Co-champions

Head coaches
The Buffaloes have played in 1,109 games during their 125 seasons, through 2014  In those seasons, 11 coaches have led Colorado to postseason bowl games: Bunny Oakes, Dallas Ward, Marcel M  Mazur, Bud Davis, Eddie Crowder, Bill Mallory, Bill McCartney, Rick Neuheisel, Gary Barnett, Dan Hawkins, Mike MacIntyre and Karl Dorrell  Ten coaches have won conference championships with the Buffaloes: Fred Folsom, Myron Witham, William Saunders, Oakes, Jim Yeager, Sonny Grandelius, Mallory, McCartney and Barnett  The Buffaloes won the national championship in 1990, and have won a total of 28 conference championships 
McCartney is the all-time leader in games coached with 153, total wins with 93, and conference wins with 58  Folsom had the longest tenure as head coach, remaining in the position for 15 seasons  Harry Heller and Willis Keinholtz are tied for the highest overall winning percentage  Each served a single season and won eight of his nine games for a winning percentage of  889  Of coaches who served more than one season, Folsom leads with a  765 winning percentage  Davis, in terms of overall winning percentage, is the worst coach the Buffaloes have had with a  200 winning percentage  No Colorado coach has been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, although McCartney was inducted into the Orange Bowl Hall of Fame in 1996 
Mike MacIntyre had brief success with the program  Hired on Dec  10, 2012, MacIntyre compiled a 30–44 record over five-plus seasons at Colorado  In 2016, MacIntyre lead Colorado to a 10-2 regular season and a trip to the Pac-12 Championship Game  It was the first winning season for Colorado since 2005, ending a 10-year streak of finishing below  500  2016 was also the best season for the Buffaloes since 2001  As well, it marked their first time playing in a conference championship game since the 2005 Big 12 Championship Game  The team also went 8–2 in the Pac-12 after having five conference wins in the previous five seasons  Mike MacIntyre was named the Walter Camp 2016 Coach of the Year by the Walter Camp Foundation, the second Colorado football coach to earn the honor (Bill McCartney in 1989)  MacIntyre was also awarded the 2016 Pac-12 Coach of the Year, American Football Coaches Association's coach of the year and comeback coach of the year awards, the Associated Press coach of the year, and the Eddie Robinson coach of the year by the Football Writers Association of America  In 2018, the Buffaloes started out the season 5–0 with wins against rivals Colorado State, Nebraska, Arizona State, and UCLA - however, MacIntyre was fired as the head coach on November 18, 2018, after a six-game losing streak Mike Sanford was named interim Head Coach after Karl Dorrell was fired during the 2022 season, Sanford was previously the Buffaloes Offensive Coordinator for the start of the 2022 campaign  On December 3, Colorado announced Deion Sanders as Head Football Coach 

Venues
Campus fields (1890–1901)
Gamble Field (1901–1924)
Folsom Field (1924–present)

Rivalries
Nebraska
A traditional college football rivalry with the Nebraska Cornhuskers restarted in the 1980s (many historical documents show the importance of this game going back to 1898) when Bill McCartney declared the conference opponent to be their rival  His theory was since Nebraska was such a powerhouse team, if Colorado was able to beat them then they would be a good team  Colorado began to repeatedly threaten Nebraska in the late 1980s, following their win over the Huskers in 1986, and then surpassed the Huskers for the Big 8 crown in 1989 
In 1990, Colorado beat Nebraska 27–12 in Lincoln for the first time since 1967, en route to their first national title  From 1996 to 2000, the series was extremely competitive, with the margin of victory by NU in those five years being only 15 points combined  The rivalry was further buoyed by the introduction of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, which moved Oklahoma and Oklahoma State to the southern division with the four new schools from Texas, formerly in the Southwest Conference  Nebraska had traditionally finished the Big 8 conference schedule with a rivalry game with Oklahoma, but the two were now in different divisions, which meant they met every other year in the regular season  Colorado replaced Oklahoma as Nebraska's final conference game of the regular season, which further intensified the rivalry  In 2001 No  1 Nebraska came to Folsom Field undefeated and left at the short end of a nationally televised 62–36 blowout  Both teams departed the Big 12 in 2011, as NU headed east to join the Big Ten and the future of the rivalry was in doubt  On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska agreed to renew the rivalry  Colorado traveled to Lincoln in 2018 and won 33–28 (winning against Nebraska for the first time since 2007 and the first time in Lincoln since 2004)  On September 7, 2019, Colorado mounted an improbable comeback after being down 17–0 at half, to win the game in overtime, 34–31  After a 3-year break, Nebraska will go to Boulder in 2023 and then host CU again the next year to finish the series  Nebraska leads the series 49–20–2 through the 2019 season 

Colorado State
Colorado's in-state rival is the Colorado State Rams of the Mountain West Conference, located north of Boulder in Fort Collins  The two schools are separated by 45 miles (72 km) and both consider it important and noteworthy to beat the other for bragging rights for the next year  The two football teams annually compete in the Rocky Mountain Showdown for the Centennial Cup, played in Denver, Fort Collins, and Boulder  The trophy takes its name from the state of Colorado's nickname of "The Centennial State"  Colorado leads the series 67–22–2 through the 2019 season 

Utah
The rivalry with Utah ran from 1903 to 1962, in which Utah and Colorado played each other nearly every year; through 1962 they had met 57 times  At the time, it was the second-most played rivalry for both teams (Utah had played Utah State 62 times; Colorado had played Colorado State 61 times)  The rivalry was dormant until 2011, when both teams joined the Pac-12, renewing the rivalry on an annual basis  The Colorado–Utah rivalry remains the fifth-most played rivalry in Utah's history, and eighth-most in Colorado's history  Utah leads the series 34-32-3 through the 2022 season 

Bowl games
Colorado has participated in 29 bowl games, with a record of 12–17 ( 414) 

Notable players
Pro Football Hall of Fame
Colorado has one inductee into the Pro Football Hall of Fame 

Cliff Branch – WR (1972–1988); HoF Class of 2022

Notable players
Darian Hagan

Awards
Heisman Trophy:

Other award winners
Players
Coach
Paul "Bear" Bryant Award1989 Bill McCartneyWalter Camp Coach of the Year Award2016 Mike MacIntyreDodd Trophy as Coach of the Year2016 Mike MacIntyreAssociated Press Coach of the Year Award2016 Mike MacIntyreHome Depot Coach of the Year Award2016 Mike MacIntyreFWAA/Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year Award2016 Mike MacIntyrePac-12 Conference Football Coach of the Year2016 Mike MacIntyre

College Football Hall of Fame
All-Americans
The following is a list of Consensus All-Americans from CU as listed in NCAA record books 
1943 Robert Hall, Colorado (AP-2)
1953 Gary Knafelc, Colorado (AP-3)
1954 Frank Bernardi, Colorado (AP-2)
1956 John Bayuk, Colorado (INS-2; CP-3)
1960 Joe Romig, Colorado (WC)
1961 Joe Romig, Colorado (WC, TSN, FWAA)
1961 Jerry Hillebrand, Colorado (FWAA)
1967 Dick Anderson, Colorado (AP, NEA)
1968 Mike Montler, Colorado (AP, AFCA)
1969 Bobby Anderson, Colorado (AP, UPI, NEA, TSN)
1970 Pat Murphy, Colorado (WC)
1970 Don Popplewell, Colorado (AP, UPI, NEA, FWAA, WC, CP, FN)
1971 Herb Orvis, Colorado (WC, AFCA, TSN)
1971 Cliff Branch, Colorado (FN)
1972 Cullen Bryant, Colorado (UPI, NEA, AFCA, TSN, Time)
1972 Bud Magrum, Colorado  (FWAA)
1973 Bo Matthews, Colorado (Time)
1973 J V  Cain, Colorado (TSN, Time)
1975 Troy Archer, Colorado (Time)
1975 Pete Brock, Colorado  (TSN, NEA, Time)
1975 Dave Logan, Colorado    (TSN)
1975 Mark Koncar, Colorado (AP)
1976 Don Hasselbeck, Colorado (TSN)
1978 Matt Miller, Colorado (UPI)
1979 Mark Haynes, Colorado (AP)
1979 Stan Brock, Colorado (TSN)
1986 Barry Helton, Colorado (AP, UPI, TSN)
1988 Keith English, Colorado (AP)
1989 Tom Rouen, Colorado (AP, UPI, WC, FWAA)
1989 Kanavis McGhee, Colorado (WC)
1989 Alfred Williams, Colorado (UPI, AFCA, FWAA, FN)
1989 Darian Hagan, Colorado (TSN)
1989 Joe Garten, Colorado (AP, UPI, AFCA, FWAA, TSN)
1990 Alfred Williams, Colorado (AP, UPI,  NEA, WC, AFCA, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
1990 Joe Garten, Colorado  (AP, UPI, NEA, WC, AFCA, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
1990 Eric Bieniemy, Colorado (AP, UPI, NEA, WC, AFCA, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
1991 Joel Steed, Colorado (WC)
1991 Jay Leeuwenburg, Colorado (AP, UPI, NEA, WC,  AFCA, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
1992 Mitch Berger, Colorado (UPI)
1992 Deon Figures, Colorado (AP, UPI, NEA, WC, FWAA, SH, TSN, FN)
1992 Michael Westbrook, Colorado  (NEA)
1994 Chris Hudson, Colorado  (Associated Press, Walter Camp, FWAA-Writers, Scripps-Howard)
1994 Michael Westbrook, Colorado  (Walter Camp, AFCA-Coaches, Sporting News)
1994 Rashaan Salaam, Colorado  (Associated Press, Walter Camp, FWAA-Writers, AFCA-Coaches, Scripps-Howard, Sporting News, Football News)
1995 Bryan Stoltenberg, Colorado (UPI, Walter Camp, FN)
1995 Heath Irwin, Colorado (AP)
1996 Matt Russell, Colorado (AP, FWAA-Writers, Walter Camp, TSN)
1996 Chris Naeole, Colorado (AP, AFCA-Coaches, Walter Camp, FN)
1996 Rae Carruth, Colorado (TSN)
1999 Ben Kelly, Colorado (FN, CNNSI-KR)
2001 Roman Hollowell, Colorado (TSN, CNNSI-PR)
2001 Andre Gurode, Colorado (AP, TSN, PFW, CNNSI)
2001 Daniel Graham, Colorado (Walter Camp, AFCA-Coaches, FWAA, AP, TSN, PFW, FN)
2002 Mark Mariscal, Colorado (AP, AFCA-Coaches, Walter Camp, TSN, CNNSI, ESPN)
2002 Wayne Lucier, Colorado (TSN)
2002 Chris Brown, Colorado (AFCA-Coaches)
2004 John Torp, Colorado (ESPN)
2005 Mason Crosby, Colorado (Associated Press, FWAA-Writers, Walter Camp, Sporting News, Sports Illustrated, Pro Football Weekly, ESPN, CBS Sports, College Football News, Rivals com)
2006 Mason Crosby, Colorado (Walter Camp Foundation, Pro Football Weekly)
2007 Jordon Dizon, Colorado (Associated Press, Walter Camp, Sporting News, ESPN, College Football News, Rivals com)
2010 Nate Solder, Colorado (AP, FWAA, TSN, WCFF, ESPN, PFW, SI)

Future non-conference opponents
Announced schedules as of January 6, 2022 
Others beyond 2030: vs  Missouri, Aug  30, 2031; at SMU, Sept  6, 2031; vs  North Texas, Sept  4, 2032; at North Texas, Sept  3, 2033; vs  Colorado State, Sept  17, 2033; at Colorado State, Sept  16, 2034; at Oklahoma State, Sept  13, 2036; vs  Oklahoma State, Sept  12, 2037; vs  Colorado State, Sept  19, 2037; at Colorado State, Sept  11, 2038 
Passage 3:
Justin Bannan
Justin Lewis Bannan (born April 18, 1979) is a former American football defensive tackle  He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fifth round of the 2002 NFL Draft  He played college football at Colorado 
Bannan also played for the Baltimore Ravens, Denver Broncos, St  Louis Rams, and Detroit Lions 
In 2019, he shot a woman in the shoulder, after being startled while hiding in a building suite before operating hours from what he believed was the Russian maffia due to paranoia symptoms stemming from Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) 
On February 10, 2022, he was sentenced to 16 years in prison for attempted murder without any evidence being allowed to be presented on his concussion history, medically established brain injury from his time in the NFL, or testimony from neurologists or CTE experts  [1]

Early years
Bannan graduated from Bella Vista High School in Fair Oaks, California, in 1997 and was a letterman in football and basketball 

Professional career
Buffalo Bills
Bannan was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fifth round (139th overall) of the 2002 NFL Draft and played for them through the 2005 season 

Baltimore Ravens
Bannan joined the Baltimore Ravens before the 2006 season and played for them until 2009  In the 2008 season, he set a personal-best with 30 solo tackles (56 total), one sack and one interception 

Denver Broncos
On March 5, 2010, Bannan signed a five-year contract with the Denver Broncos On March 3, 2011, the Broncos released Bannan 

St  Louis Rams
Bannan signed with the St  Louis Rams on July 30, 2011  He was released following the 2011 season on March 12, 2012 

Denver Broncos (second stint)
On April 11, 2012, Bannan signed a one-year deal with the Denver Broncos 

Detroit Lions
On August 15, 2013, Bannan signed a contract with the Detroit Lions   Bannan was released from the Lions as of September 25, 2013 

Personal life
Bannan has an interest in stocks and bonds, and appeared on Jim Cramer's Mad Money television show on October 31, 2007 
On October 17, 2019, Bannan was arrested in connection to a shooting that took place at Black Lab Sports in Boulder, Colorado, that left one woman injured  Bannan was charged with attempted first-degree murder, assault and burglary for the shooting  On February 10, 2022, he was sentenced to 16 years in prison 
Passage 4:
Joe Ruetz
Joseph Hubert Ruetz (October 21, 1916 – January 2, 2003) was an American football player and coach and college athletics administrator   He played professionally in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) for the Chicago Rockets in 1946 and 1948  Ruetz played college football while attending the University of Notre Dame  He played guard for the Irish with the exception of one season at quarterback  In 1938, he graduated from Notre Dame with cum laude honors  Ruetz played in the 1938 College All-Star Game and his team upset Sammy Baugh and the Washington Redskins  During World War II, he was a United States Navy physical education instructor and pilot  During that time he played for the famed Saint Mary's Pre-Flight football team  He was named an All-Navy All-American by sportswriter Grantland Rice in 1942  After the war, Ruetz studied at the University of Chicago and played two seasons with the Chicago Rockets of the All-America Football Conference  In 1950, he then was an assistant and head coach at St  Mary's before joining Chuck Taylor's football staff at Stanford University and helping guide the team to the 1952 Rose Bowl  Ruetz later worked as a fundraiser for Cardinal athletics, before succeeding Taylor as athletic director in 1972  He then "saved" the East–West Shrine Game by convincing Stanford to allow it to be played at the school, where it remained until its move to Pacific Bell Park in 2001  Ruetz launched the head coaching career of Bill Walsh in 1977, when he hired him as Stanford's football coach  He also instituted a long football series with Notre Dame, before retiring in 1979  He later served as a fundraising consultant to the Psoriasis Research Institute in Palo Alto, California 

Biography
Ruetz was born on October 21, 1916 in Racine, Wisconsin 

Head coaching record
Passage 5:
Josh Wilcox
Joshua David Wilcox (born June 5, 1974) is a former American football tight end who played two seasons with the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL)  He played college football at the University of Oregon and attended Junction High School in Junction City, Oregon  Wilcox was also a member of the Portland Forest Dragons of the Arena Football League, the Amsterdam Admirals of NFL Europe and the Los Angeles Xtreme of the XFL  He won the Million Dollar Game in the XFL as a member of the Los Angeles Xtreme  Wilcox is the son of Pro Football Hall of Famer Dave Wilcox and brother of California football coach Justin Wilcox  He also spent time as a professional wrestler 
Passage 6:
Roy Roundtree
Roy Randolph Roundtree (born March 7, 1989) is a former American football wide receiver and current assistant coach for the Grand Valley State Lakers  He was a 2013 preseason member of the Cincinnati Bengals and played college football for the Michigan Wolverines football team where he spent his redshirt senior season with the 2012 team  In 2012, he was an All-Big Ten honorable mention selection  He was a 2011 Fred Biletnikoff Award preseason watchlist honoree  He was a Fred Biletnikoff Award preseason watchlist honoree in 2010, and set Michigan's single-game receiving record with nine catches for 246 yards against Illinois that November  Roundtree was the team's leading receiver in both the 2009 and 2010 seasons  He finished first in the Big Ten Conference in receiving yards in 2010 for Conference games, and was a second team All Conference selection  While in high school, he was named the 2007 Ohio Division II Offensive Player of the Year 

Early life and high school
Roundtree started playing football on the Pee-Wee Dayton Flames in first grade  He played on the team until junior high, joined by his Michigan teammate Michael Shaw, who, because he was eight months older than Roundtree, played in a different level   Roundtree was a two-year starter at Belmont High School in Dayton, Ohio before he transferred to Trotwood-Madison High School, where the team's head football coach was retired National Football League player Maurice Douglass As a freshman, he earned Dayton Daily News Athlete of the Week honors, but in 2004–05, Belmont was classified as an "academic emergency" by the state of Ohio because over a 25% of the students were considered to be "students with disabilities", and the school's standardized test scores were over 50 percent lower than the state benchmarks  With the dismal academic situation and a mediocre athletic program, Belmont left Roundtree dissatisfied, and he transferred to Trotwood before his junior year, where coach Douglass had earned a reputation for developing college ready football players, and where former Flames teammate Domonick Britt was playing quarterback At Trotwood, he was a teammate of Shaw and Brandon Moore who would later join him at Michigan  As a junior in 2006, he posted 48 receptions for 851 yards, and as a senior, he totalled 868 on 52 catches  His four-year totals were 165 receptions for 2,637 yards and 28 touchdowns  As a senior, he was selected to the Division II first-team all-state squad, and named Ohio's offensive player of the year  He was also chosen to play in the Big 33 Football Classic, and ranked as the number 44, 89, and 104 wide receiver in the nation by Rivals com, Scout com, and ESPN, respectively  In that same year, Trotwood won their first playoff game since 1981, led by Roundtree's 13 receptions, 203 yards, and game-winning touchdown  Roundtree feels that his best game in high school was a 12-reception, 221-yard, 2-touchdown performance that helped his team overcome a 21–0 deficit Roundtree had scholarship offers from Eastern Michigan, Illinois, Purdue, Nebraska and Miami  He was considered a Purdue commit until getting a late scholarship offer from Michigan, which was his preferred school  On signing day, his uncle convinced him to go to Michigan because of its winning tradition  The late switch led Purdue head coach Joe Tiller to cast aspersions on Michigan coach Rich Rodriguez, referring to him as a snake oil salesman 

College
Roundtree redshirted for the 2008 season  He made his college debut on September 5, 2009 against the Western Michigan Broncos at Michigan Stadium as a slot receiver  That year, he roomed with Trotwood teammates Shaw and Moore  He had just two receptions in the first eight games of the season while playing as a backup  He became a starter for the team's final four games, and finished as the leading receiver for the 2009 Michigan Wolverines football team in terms of both yards and receptions per game, despite the limited playing time  One of the two early-season receptions occurred on October 3 against Michigan State in the Paul Bunyan Trophy game when he caught the game-tying touchdown with two seconds left in regulation to send the game into overtime  He made his first start on October 31 against the Illinois Fighting Illini as a slot receiver  On November 7, against Purdue he had ten receptions for 126 yards  He also had nine receptions for 116 yards in the November 21, 2009 game against the rival Ohio State Buckeyes  Following the season, he was named a CollegeFootballNews com Freshman All-America honorable mention, and a Sporting News Freshman All-Big Ten selection 

Roundtree made the 2010 preseason watchlist for the Biletnikoff Award, which honors the nation's top wide receiver  He led Michigan's 2010 team in both receptions, and receiving yards  In the September 11 game versus the rival Notre Dame Fighting Irish, his 15-yard reception late in the fourth quarter put the ball on the Notre Dame 2-yard-line  On the next play, Denard Robinson ran in for the game-winning touchdown with 27 seconds remaining  He posted back-to-back 100-yard receiving games on September 25, and October 2, 2010, recording nine receptions for 119 yards in a home game against the Bowling Green Falcons, and five receptions for 126 yards and a touchdown versus the Indiana Hoosiers  At the midpoint of Michigan's 12-game regular season schedule, he ranked fifth in the Big Ten in receptions per game, and seventh in receiving yards  In Michigan's 67–65 victory over Illinois on November 6, Roundtree broke Jack Clancy's all-time Michigan single-game receiving yards record when he caught nine passes for 246 yards and two touchdowns, including a 75-yard touchdown reception on the game's first play from scrimmage  The record stood until October 19, 2013, when Jeremy Gallon posted a Big Ten record 369 yards against Indiana  The performance raised him to fourth in the conference in both yards and receptions (tied) per game, and earned him Co-Big Ten Offensive Player of the Week honors  He ended the 2010 regular season third in the Conference in receiving yards, and fourth in receptions for all games  After a slow start, which included negative one yards receiving in the team's first game, and a total of less than 100 yards in their first three contests, Roundtree led the Big Ten with 83 9 receiving yards per conference game  After the regular season, he was named to the All Conference second team by the media   He finished the year, third in the conference in receiving yards per game (71 92) and fourth in receptions per game (5 54) for all games 

Roundtree repeated as a Biletnikoff Award preseason watchlist honoree in 2011  On September 10, against Notre Dame, during the first night game ever played at Michigan Stadium, his only reception was the game-winning 16-yard touchdown with two seconds remaining in the game   After leading Michigan in pass receptions in 2009 and 2010, his production fell off in 2011   In 2011, Roundtree ranked fourth in receptions for Michigan with 19 catches and third in receiving yards with 355 yards  Following the season, he had offseason knee surgery Roundtree followed Junior Hemingway as the second person to wear Desmond Howard's "Michigan Football Legend" jersey number 21  On November 10, 2012, Roundtree recorded 139 receiving yards against Northwestern, including a 53-yard reception to set up the game tying field goal and then a 17-yard reception on the game-winning drive in overtime  Playing in his final game at Michigan Stadium, a 42-17 victory over Iowa, Roundtree caught five passes for 83 yards and a touchdown  Roundtree was an All-Big Ten honorable mention by both the coaches and the media   He posted his four highest receiving yardage totals of the season after Devin Gardner replaced Denard Robinson at quarterback  Roundtree was the second leading receiver on the team with 31 receptions for 580 yards, leading the team with an average of 18 7 yards per catch  Following the season, Roundtree participated in the January 19, 2013 Raycom College Football All-Star Classic, making a 39-yard catch and returning 2 punts 

Professional career
Roundtree signed an undrafted free agent contract with the Cincinnati Bengals following the 2013 NFL Draft  He was released during the final roster cut on August 31 In 2015, Roundtree signed with the Colorado Ice of the Indoor Football League (IFL)  Roundtree made his professional debut on March 15, 2015, catching 3 touchdowns, during a 59-40 loss to the Sioux Falls Storm 

Personal
His father was one of his pee wee football coaches   His mother is Sheila Roundtree  Some of his Michigan teammates call him "Tree", for short  He is the nephew of Jeff Graham 

See also
Michigan Wolverines football statistical leaders

Notes
External links
Grand Valley State profile
Limestone profile
Michigan profile
Roundtree at ESPN com
Roundtree at NCAA
Passage 7:
Carroll Fighting Saints football
The Carroll Fighting Saint football program represents Carroll College of Helena, Montana in college football  The team competes in the Frontier Conference, which is affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA)  The Carroll Fighting Saints football team began playing in 1920 and is one of the most successful programs in the NAIA division of college football  The program has won six NAIA Football National Championships (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010) and 40 conference championships, 14 while a member of the Montana Collegiate Conference and 26 as a member of the  Frontier Conference  The team is currently coached by Troy Purcell who is in his first season at Carroll   The Carroll College Fighting Saints play their home games on campus at Nelson Stadium 

Notable alumni
In addition, the Carroll program has developed many well known talents either as a coach or a player, including the winningest coach in college football history, John Gagliardi, former Detroit Lions tight end, Casey FitzSimmons, and former Louisville head coach, Bobby Petrino  The team is currently coached by Troy Purcell and plays its home games on campus at Nelson Stadium 

Championships
National Championship game appearances
Conference championships
Passage 8:
Hogan Wharton
Robert Glen "Hogan" Wharton (December 13, 1935 – October 8, 2008) was an American football player   He attended the University of Houston where he played college football at the tackle position for the Houston Cougars football team from 1956 to 1958   He was named lineman of the year in the Missouri Valley Conference in 1957, and the following year he was selected by the American Football Coaches Association as a first-team tackle on its 1958 College Football All-America Team  Wharton later played professional football in the newly formed American Football League, playing at the guard position for the Houston Oilers during the first four years of the club's existence from 1960 to 1963, including the 1960 Houston Oilers team that won the first AFL championship  He was cut by the Oilers in September 1964 
Passage 9:
Charlie O'Rourke
Charles Christopher "Chuckin' Charlie" O'Rourke (May 10, 1917 – April 14, 2000) was an American football player and coach   He played college football as a quarterback at Boston College and professionally with Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) and the Los Angeles Dons and Baltimore Colts of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC)   O'Rourke quarterbacked the Boston College Eagles football team to one of its most famous wins   His 24-yard run late in the fourth quarter gave the 1940 Eagles a 19–13 victory over Tennessee in the 1941 Sugar Bowl, staking BC's claim to a national championship   O'Rourke served as the head football coach at University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) from 1952 to 1959, compiling a record of 21–39–4   In 1972, he came the first Boston College player to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame 

Early life
Born in 1917, O'Rourke grew up in Malden, Massachusetts and played football at Malden High School 

Boston College
Although all of his records have been broken, O'Rourke was one of Boston College's first star quarterbacks  In three seasons, he completed 69 of 150 passes for 1,108 yards and 14 touchdowns 

1940 season
The 1940 team is perhaps the greatest football team in the history of Boston College  After the previous year's team earned the school's first appearance in a bowl game (Boston College lost to Clemson in the 1940 Cotton Bowl Classic) O'Rourke's running backs included veterans Frank Maznicki, Lou Montgomery (Boston College's first African-American football player), and team captain Henry Toczylowski  They were joined by a talented newcomer named Mike Holovak  The team also had wonderful receivers including Henry Woronicz, Gene Goodreault, Ed Zabilski, and Don Currivan  The team was undefeated outscoring its opponents 320–52 and held six teams scoreless  Boston College impressed the sports community by defeating Tulane 27–7 in the second week of the season and defeating Georgetown 19–18, snapping Georgetown's streak of twenty-two consecutive wins  On January 1, 1941, Boston College defeated Tennessee in the Sugar Bowl, 19–13  BC claims it won the national title in a three-way tie with Stanford and Minnesota, however the NCAA does not recognize Boston College as a national champion in that year 

Professional career
O'Rourke was drafted in the fifth round of the 1941 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears  O'Rourke's professional career began in 1942 with the Chicago Bears  He saw limited playing time behind incumbent starter Sid Luckman, completing 37 of 88 passes for 951 yards, 11 touchdowns, and 16 interceptions  The 11 touchdowns set a new Bears rookie record which still stands  O'Rourke also intercepted three passes on defense, returned two punts, and made 23 punts for 817 yards for the 11–0 Bears  
After three years in the Navy, O'Rourke returned to football in 1946 with the Los Angeles Dons of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC)  In two seasons in Los Angeles he completed 194 of 354 passes for 2,699 yards, 25 touchdowns, and 30 interceptions  In 1948 he joined the AAFC's Baltimore Colts as a punter and back up quarterback behind Y  A  Tittle  In 1949, he played only five games before retiring and becoming an assistant coach for Baltimore until the team folded in 1950 

Coaching career
Aside from his two years as an NFL coach, O'Rourke was head football coach at University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) from 1952 to 1959  In seasons he compiled a 21–39–4 record with only one winning season (1952) 

O'Rourke–McFadden Trophy
To honor the famed meeting between O'Rourke and Banks McFadden in the 1940 Cotton Bowl Classic, the O'Rourke–McFadden Trophy was introduced in 2008 and is awarded to the winner of the annual football game between Boston College and Clemson  The game is in-conference rivalry since Boston College joined the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in 2005, and both teams play in the ACC's Atlantic Division 

Head coaching record
Passage 10:
Abe Mickal
Ibrahim Khalil "Abe" Mickal (c  1912/1913  – September 20, 2001) was a Lebanese-American college football player and a doctor  He played as a halfback for the LSU Tigers football team of Louisiana State University, where he was notable for his passing skills and play-making ability, which earned him the nickname "Miracle Mickal"  He was also the team's primary punter and placekicker  A three-time All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection, Mickal led LSU to an undefeated season in 1933 and a conference championship and Sugar Bowl in 1935  In 1936, Mickal played quarterback for a college all-star team that was the first team of college players to defeat a professional team  Although selected in the 1936 NFL Draft, he did not play professionally  Mickal was a charter member of the LSU Athletic Hall of Fame in 1937 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1967 
In addition to football, Mickal was a cadet in LSU's Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), was a member of the pre-med club and debate team, and as a senior was president of the university's student body  While a student, he was offered a seat in the Louisiana State Senate by U S  Senator and noted LSU supporter Huey Long, which he declined  He earned his medical degree in 1940, and after serving in World War II began a lifelong career in obstetrics and gynecology  He served as head professor of the LSU Medical School OB/GYN department for over twenty years  Actively involved in various university affairs during and after his time as a student, Mickal was honored as LSU's "Alumnus of the Year" in 1980 

Early life and education
Mickal was born in the Levant in an area that is today part of Lebanon  He immigrated with his family to the United States in 1920, where they arrived on Ellis Island  He settled in McComb, Mississippi and attended McComb High School, where he played football, baseball, and basketball and ran track  His father Kalil, who ran a local general store, was initially against his son playing sports  "It was an old Lebanese custom," Mickal later explained, "that the eldest son take over the business  My father wasn't aware that I was playing " His father was eventually persuaded by the townspeople to let his son play  During his senior year, he was recruited by LSU and Notre Dame to play football, and ultimately chose the Tigers after the death of Notre Dame head coach Knute Rockne 

College
Mickal was an all-around player; a triple-threat running back who also played on defense  He was regarded as an excellent deep-ball passer; in the words of LSU coach Lawrence "Biff" Jones: "Mickal is a greater passer than Red Cagle—he's the greatest I ever saw " Jones was Cagle's coach while at Army  One sportswriter referred to Mickal as "the Dizzy Dean of the nation's forward passers " He was also known for his play-making ability during crucial moments of games, and LSU compiled a win–loss record of 23–4–5 in the three seasons Mickal played for the team 

1933
Mickal showed his versatility in the first game of the 1933 season against Rice, tossing a 40-yard pass on the first play from scrimmage to end Pete Burge and booting punts of 76 and 61 yards  In week four against Arkansas Mickal completed touchdown passes of 48 and 57 yards and ran for a 15-yard touchdown, as he was responsible for every score in the 20–0 win over the eventual Southwest Conference champion Razorbacks  He scored the only touchdown of LSU's final game of the season, against Tennessee, with a goal line dive into the end zone  He also kicked the extra point for the 7–0 victory, and completed the season having successfully made every extra point he attempted  The Tigers finished undefeated with three ties in their first season as members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC)  After the season, Mickal was named to the United Press (UP) All-SEC second team as a halfback 

1934
One of Mickal's most notable games came in 1934 against the Mustangs of Southern Methodist  He threw two touchdown passes, the first one a 32-yarder to tie the game at 7–7 in the second quarter  Late in the fourth quarter and down by a touchdown, Mickal dropped back at his own 35-yard line and hurled a pass down the middle of the field  It was caught in stride at the Mustang 20-yard line by Gaynell Tinsley, who ran it into the end zone to tie the game at 14–14, which was the final score  In week four against 13th-ranked Arkansas, Mickal completed five of seven passes for 117 yards, which included a 52-yard bomb in the third quarter for the first score of the 16–0 win  He also averaged over 50 yards per punt on nine punts  The next week he threw a touchdown pass, kicked a field goal, and averaged over 40 yards per punt in a 29–0 win over previously undefeated Vanderbilt  Mickal was named a first-team All-SEC selection as a fullback by the Associated Press (AP) and as a halfback by the UP 

Senatorship offer
During the season, Mickal was acclaimed an honorary Louisiana State Senator by U S  Senator Huey P  Long, whom he had befriended, at a burlesque campus meeting  Long was a noted LSU supporter and was highly involved in operations of the football program  When it came time for his ceremonial "seating" Mickal refused to appear for the ceremony, despite the urging of Long  After Long reasoned with the senate and spectators that Mickal "had to study," Mickal was granted a five-day leave of absence by senator Harvey Peltier to "do his work at school and go forward with his preparation for his football duties " Mickal remained silent on the matter, however; he did not give a reason for his refusal of the honor  The day he was to be inducted, Mickal said in a telegram to Long that if he accepted the senatorship he would introduce a joint resolution that made it "unlawful" for any Tulane player to cross the LSU goal line in 1934 

1935
Mickal had a slow start to 1935 while he recovered from a broken ankle he suffered over the summer  In week three, he threw two touchdown passes against Manhattan College, and a game-winning touchdown pass against Vanderbilt two weeks later  In the regular season finale, Mickal was responsible for three touchdowns in a 41–0 win over rival Tulane  LSU faced the TCU Horned Frogs at the end of the season in the Sugar Bowl, in a game that was a highly anticipated match-up between Mickal and the Horned Frogs' Sammy Baugh  The offenses were unable to do much, however, as rain throughout the day had muddied the field  TCU won the game, 3–2  LSU finished the season undefeated in conference play for its first SEC championship  Mickal was named to the AP All-SEC second-team as a fullback after the season, and earned second-team All-America honors from Liberty magazine 

1936 All-Stars vs  Bears
In September 1936, Mickal played quarterback for the Centennial College All-Stars, a team composed of college players from southern schools to play against the National Football League's Chicago Bears at Cotton Bowl stadium  He scored the All-Stars' only touchdown with a dive into the end zone from the one-foot line in the third quarter  The Bears scored their only touchdown later that quarter on a 5-yard run by Bronko Nagurski  Mickal had a chance to tackle Nagurski before the goal line  "A lot of things flashed through my mind," explained Mickal  "There was nothing between him and the goal line but me  I thought about making the perfect tackle and reading about being the All-Stars' hero  Then I thought about Nagurski's size  I thought about the Nagurski legend  I thought about going to med school  I thought about possible brain damage " He decided to step aside and let Nagurski score  The extra point, however, was blocked by Bob Reynolds, and the game ended 7–6 in favor of the All-Stars  It was the first time a team of college players defeated a professional American football team 

Extracurricular
Mickal was actively involved in the university's Reserve Officers' Training Corps  He received the Outstanding Cadet Award as a freshman and was regimental sergeant major as a junior  As a senior, he attained the rank of Cadet Colonel and earned the Kemper Williams Sabre as the school's outstanding cadet  Additionally, he was a member of the pre-med club and debate team, and in 1936 was president of the school's Interfraternity Council, college of arts and sciences, and student body  Mickal was a member of the Theta Kappa Nu fraternity 

Medical career
Mickal was the first player from LSU to ever be drafted into the NFL, selected in the sixth round of the 1936 NFL Draft by the Detroit Lions  However, he did not play in the NFL  He instead chose to complete his medical degree at the Louisiana State University School of Medicine, where he graduated from in 1940  He served as a major in the U S  Army Medical Corps during World War II  After the war, he worked in obstetrics and gynecology at New Orleans Charity Hospital from 1946 to 1949, shortly after which he was hired to the LSU medical faculty  In 1959, he became the head professor of the LSU Medical School, a position he served in until his retirement in 1980  He was a founding member of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology, and served as president of the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons from 1981 to 1982  From 1985 until his death in 2001 he was vice president for medical affairs at Kenner Regional Medical Center 

Honors
Mickal was a charter member of the LSU Athletic Hall of Fame in 1937  In 1967, the National Football Foundation named Mickal to the College Football Hall of Fame  He was inducted into the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame in 1969 and the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame in 1985  Mickal was named LSU's "Alumnus of the Year" in 1980 and its "Medical Alumnus of the Year" in 1985  "It's been a beautiful marriage—and I've had all the better of it," said Mickal of his involvement with the university  The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists gave Mickal its Distinguished Service Award in 1991 

Notes
Context 3: Passage 1:
Kody Lostroh
Kody Lostroh (born September 18, 1985) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding  He was the 2009 Professional Bull Riders (PBR) world champion 

Background
Kody Lostroh was born on September 18, 1985 in Longmont, Colorado  Lostroh watched a video of Cheyenne Frontier Days so many times that his mother Dena Schlutz signed him up to ride at the Boulder County Fair in 1993, when he was seven years old  He won a Little Britches Rodeo National Bull Riding title in 2003 and the Colorado High School Rodeo Bull Riding Championship three consecutive years  Kody was attending the University of Wyoming, but quit after a semester to pursue the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) tour 

Career
In 2005, Lostroh won the PBR Rookie of the Year award and in 2009, he won the PBR Built Ford Tough Series World Championship  He qualified for the PBR World Finals 10 consecutive times (2005 to 2014)  Lostroh suffered multiple injuries throughout his career  For example, Lostroh injured his riding hand in January 2014 and missed most of the first half of that season  In August 2017, he was considering retirement to spend more time with his two daughters, when he began experiencing significant health problems  He was eventually diagnosed with a tumor wrapped around his carotid artery, requiring surgery  He went back to the PBR but still had some reservations On March 29, 2018, Lostroh announced his retirement from bull riding In 2022, Lostroh became the assistant coach to head coach Cord McCoy of the Oklahoma Freedom; one of eight bull riding teams of the PBR’s Team Series, which debuted that year  In September of that year, the Oklahoma Freedom won the event at Cowboy Days in Winston-Salem, North Carolina; the hometown event of rival team, the Carolina Cowboys  The very next weekend, the Freedom won their own hometown event at Freedom Fest in Oklahoma City  They were the first team to win their hometown event  The Freedom ended up finishing in fourth place at the conclusion of the inaugural PBR Team Series season 

Personal life
He raises bucking bulls in Ault, Colorado, at the Shield of Faith Cattle Company  As of 2016, Lostroh and his wife, Candace, who is a barrel racer, live in Ault, Colorado, with their two daughters 
Passage 2:
Bones (bull)
Bones #05 (born March 31, 2003) is an American former bucking bull  He competed in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuit and was the PBR World Champion Bull in 2008 and 2010  Two other bulls, Dillinger and Smooth Operator, have also won the title two times  Three other bulls, Little Yellow Jacket, Bushwacker, and Bruiser won the award three times  In 2011, the year after Bones won the 2010 World Champion Bull title, when he was 7 years old, his owner, Tom Teague announced his retirement from the sport  Bones lives on Teague's ranch in his retirement  In 2014, the bull was inducted into the PBR Brand of Honor 

Background
Bones was born on March 31, 2003  Bones grew up at Teague Bucking Bulls in Graham, North Carolina  Teague was the 2006 PBR Co-Stock Contractor of the Year   Bones got his name when one of Tom Teague's workers described him as a "bag of bones " Lee Holt said, "He was the poorest little thing " He was too small to take care of himself with the other calves so they moved him to be alone in the barn  Through the years, he grew into a brawny 1,550 pounds (700 kg) pounds  He is a black bull with a white face Bones' sire was 263 Bone Collector  Bone Collector's jumping prowess while bucking was well known  Bones' paternal grandsire was 64 Psycho  His mother is a daughter of Whitewater, a well-known breeding bull  Whitewater's sire was No  34 Oscar's Velvet, the 1983 Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) Bucking Bull of the Year  Oscar's Velvet was the son of Oscar, a ProRodeo Hall of Fame bucking bull  Bones is also a half-brother of the retired and highly ranked bucking bull Troubadour owned by Julio Moreno Teague raised Bones and retained full ownership of the bull throughout his bucking career and into retirement  This was not the first time Teague had ownership in a World Champion Bull, as he also had part ownership in world champion bulls Little Yellow Jacket, Mossy Oak Mudslinger, and Big Bucks, including gaining full ownership of Little Yellow Jacket for most of his retirement  This was, however, the first time Teague retained full ownership in a bull that he raised himself  He intended to keep Teague Bucking Bulls continuing in that direction, but decided in April 2014 to leave the stock contractor business  However, in an interview with the PBR, Teague stated that he would continue his position on the board of directors and aid them in "taking the sport to the next level "

Career
One of the ways that Teague exercised Bones was in a circular sand pit that he had made, where he installed a type of hot walker sometimes used for horses  Once an animal was inside, there were walls that moved around in a circular direction, forcing the bull to walk in between them  Teague compared working in deep sand to walking on the beach – it took more effort than walking on hard ground Bones bucked in the PBR, mostly on the Built Ford Tough Series (BFTS), the elite series of the circuit, for four seasons, but only three were complete seasons, as he only bucked at one BFTS event in 2007  Two-time PBR World Champion bull rider Justin McBride stated that Bones is the "real deal"  He said Bones is one of only two bulls he got on more than once who bucked him off each time—he never got a qualified ride on Bones  McBride first got on the bull at an event at Columbus, Ohio, in 2008 when Bones was a fairly unknown five-year-old  Bones bucked him off 

2008 title
Bones qualified for the PBR World Finals his first time in 2008  McBride again picked him in round two and Bones bucked him off faster than in their first meeting  According to McBride, Bones had gotten better and "handed him his hat"  Bones bucked off all three riders at his first finals  Bones made what became his trademark set of bucking moves, going up high and bringing the rider over his shoulder and then down  In 4 7 seconds, McBride bucked off Bones  "It had been a long time since a bull had treated me that way," McBride said  For the other two riders, in round four Zack Brown bucked off Bones in 2 8 seconds, and in the final round 2008 World Champion Guilherme Marchi bucked off in 4 seconds  Bones finished the evening with bull scores of 47 points, 46 points, and 47 25 points  His bull score of 47 25 points was a career best  Bulls are scored from 1 to 50 points, half of the total score  The bull rider gets the other half of the score; together it totals up to 100  These bull scores were high enough to win the 2008 World Champion Bull title 

Betting events
An event between Bones and J B  Mauney on February 13, 2009, was billed as the best bull against the best bull rider  Tom Teague claimed that "no cowboy wearing spurs could stay on his star bull for the eight-second count", resulting in extensive comments from fans and stock contractors on the PBR site  The event took place that night as part of the PBR Express Classic event at the Ford Center, now known as Chesapeake Energy Arena, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma  Teague pitted his unridden bull Bones head to head against the current world standings leader and 2013 world champion with a prize of $20,000  Bones had been 13–0 on the BFTS circuit so far  Bones had bucked off, or "dusted", both McBride and 2002 World Champion Ednei Caminhas twice  He had dusted Marchi three times, and the last time, Marchi lost the opportunity to win $20,000; Teague bet that much against Marchi  Since Mauney was the world standings leader, he felt "slighted" that he was not offered an opportunity at Bones when Marchi got two  When Marchi fell the third time, Mauney asked Teague for a turn  Mauney would earn $20,000 if he became the first to make a successful eight-second qualifying ride on Bones, while Teague bet he would hit the dust in four seconds  Mauney succeeded  He rode Bones for a qualifying time and scored 93 5 points out of a maximum of 100  Although there was a great deal of hype about the event that weekend, Mauney stated that he just did what he did with every bull, "kept my hand shut and held on"  Teague said he was happy to see Mauney prove why he is the number one bull rider in the world  That score of 93 5 points became the highest-combined score of Bones' career In February 2009, stock contractor Chad Berger made it known in an interview that he reached his fill of hearing from Teague and others how great Bones is  Berger owned a rival bull named Big Tex, who he considered better than Bones  The then-current Stock Contractor of the Year challenged Teague to a contest for $25,000  Teague countered for $50,000 and Berger accepted  The match-up pitted the two bulls in the championship round of the Enterprise Rent-a-Car Invitational  World champion cowboy Ty Murray attested that they were both great bulls, and the outcome might depend on which bull rider drew which bull  The round took place in the Scottrade Center in St  Louis, Missouri, on Sunday, March 1, 2009  NBCSN's program Versus broadcast it in prime time  It was the first time the PBR sponsored a contest like this  No other bull vs bull challenge earned an owner such a large sum of money before  Zack Brown drew Big Tex, and 2004 World Champion Mike Lee drew Bones  Both men bucked off  It was an extremely close match, with Big Tex narrowly winning with a bull score of 46 to Bones' 45 5, giving Berger some relief  Berger received more relief later that year when a bull he owned an interest in, Code Blue, won that year's World Champion Bull title 

2010 title
PBR Livestock Director Cody Lambert believed that Bones was matched up with the best riders, and he proved he was their equal or better  Due to his bull scores, athleticism, and buck off percentages, he distinguished himself from the other bulls  In the 2010 PBR World Finals, Lambert did not hesitate to praise Bones when the bull won the World Champion Bull title again, this time against the favorite, Bushwacker  According to Lambert, it was surprising Bones won, but it was not a complete upset At the finals, Bones first bucked off Mauney, who had ridden him back in 2009  Mauney only lasted four seconds  Bones was given a 45 25 bull score  Some argued his score was slightly lower due to the judges foreseeing a qualified ride from Mauney  Marchi, who was up next, tied his hand down too far, according to fellow bull rider J W  Hart  This prevented Marchi from keeping up with Bones' change of direction; Bones bucked him off easily in two seconds, and was scored 47 25 which won him the World Champion Bull title  McBride felt winning two titles under different circumstances was impressive: the first time because he was an unknown, and the second time because other he was an underdog due to other bulls like Bushwacker who were favored to win 

Summary
Bones bucked on the PBR tour a total of 45 times  He was ridden for a qualified ride only five times, giving him an 88 89% buckoff percentage at all levels  Bones bucked on the BFTS 34 times  Of those, he was ridden for a qualified ride four times, for an 88 24% buckoff percentage in the BFTS  Bones ranked 14th overall in the BFTS as of April 2017 according to Probullstats  Out of his four years on the BFTS, he qualified for the PBR World Finals three times  His average bull score was 45 56 points for all four years  Most do not take his first year on the BFTS seriously, since he only bucked one time that year, which was 2007  He had three scores over 90 points  On February 18, 2009, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Mauney rode him for 93 50 points  On October 30, 2009, in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the PBR World Finals, Pete Farley rode him for 93 25 points  And, on January 8, 2010, at Madison Square Garden, in New York City, Shane Proctor rode him for 91 25 points  Scores of 90 or higher points are tracked in the PBR's 90 Point Club  Mauney's ride did not count because it was a special match staged to top off the event, and not part of the BFTS circuit Bones was active from 2006 until 2010 at all levels  He won the World Champion Bull title in 2008 and 2010  He also won the Bull of the World Finals title both those same years  He, Dillinger, and Smooth Operator are the only two-time World Champion Bull title winners; Bones was the first bull to win multiple World Champion Bull titles in non-consecutive years  Only three other bulls won the title three times: Bushwacker, Little Yellow Jacket, and Bruiser



ground_truth: Band-e Amir National Park

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which conference is the team for which Justin Bannan played college football currently a member of?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Their performances and the number of titles won is part of the reason these bulls (except Smooth Operator and Bruiser) were each selected to receive the Professional Bull Riders Heroes and Legends Celebration: Brand of Honor  This honor was inaugurated in 2011 and first given to Little Yellow Jacket  Bones was the 2014 inductee 

Retirement and legacy
Teague retired Bones after the 2010 BFTS season when he was 7 years old  He announced it at the beginning of the 2011 BFTS season  Bones was still in the peak of his career at the time  Four years later, in 2014, the PBR announced that they were honoring Bones with the Heroes and Legends Celebration: Brand of Honor  Bones was the fourth recipient to receive the Brand of Honor  The PBR created the Brand of Honor in 2011 to honor exemplary bulls in the sport  The ceremony usually takes place during the PBR World Finals, currently held at T-Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip  Lambert was not surprised Bones received the Brand of Honor  He felt that Bones was one of the finest bulls ever to compete in the PBR  Lambert also felt the honor was appropriate because otherwise it is difficult for people to recall great bulls once they are not around  He compared Bones to bulls like Bushwacker, Voodoo Child, and even famous bulls of the past such as Mr  T and 105 of Dell's Hall As far as retiring Bones if he won the 2010 title, Teague said he had made up his mind to do it  McBride and Lambert both believed Teague wanted to see Bones go out while he was still on top  Teague also didn't want to chance Bones getting injured after he had already got two titles  Teague said, "What more can you ask for out of a bull? I couldn't be happier with him " Some think Bones could have matched Little Yellow Jacket's three title record  Teague has stated that he is happy with the way things ended  Bones is retired at Teague's ranch in Graham, North Carolina Two months before the PBR World Finals in 2014, McBride said Bones was one of the most gifted bulls he had been on, and was even harder to ride than World Champion Mossy Oak Mudslinger  At the time, Little Yellow Jacket was the solo holder of three World Champion titles, but McBride believed that Bones was more difficult to ride than Little Yellow Jacket  He compared Bones to other bulls that could yank a rider down to make them lose their seat like Rampage and Hollywood  Hearing of Bones receiving the Brand of Honor was no surprise to McBride, as he considered him one of the greats  That year, Bushwacker would win his third World Champion Bull title, and Lambert compared Bones to Bushwacker at the same stage of their bucking careers, noting that Bushwacker and Bones had a similar physicality and demeanor  "[Bones] excelled in all five categories: buck, kick, direction change, intensity and degree of difficulty " He could get his front feet 3 to 4 feet (0 91 to 1 22 m) in the air and then break over  He had a sense for knowing who was on his back  He performed at his best with the toughest riders  Lambert added that Bones was perhaps the second-best bull the PBR has seen  It is widely established that the PBR regards Bushwacker as the best bull they have ever seen 

Honors
2008 PBR World Champion Bull
2008 PBR Bull of the World Finals
2010 PBR World Champion Bull
2010 PBR Bull of the World Finals
2014 PBR Brand of Honor
Passage 3:
Colin Fleming (racing driver)
Colin Fleming (born April 27, 1984) is an American former racing driver & Formula 1 test driver who competed in the World Series by Renault 3 5, Formula Renault 2 0 Eurocup, and Formula Renault 2000 Germany with Jenzer Motorsport and Carlin Motorsport after a successful go-karting career, winning 10 North American and National Championships 

Racing career
A former member from the Red Bull Junior Team, Fleming finished 3rd in the Formula Renault 2 0 Eurocup in 2004 and was rookie of the year in the Formula Renault 2000 Germany also in that year  He raced against fellow American and Californian and future Formula One driver Scott Speed  In 2005, he switched to the Formula Renault 3 5 with Swiss team Jenzer Motorsport, despite three DNS in the first 3 and missing one race of that season he finished 13th with 34 points with a best finish of 3rd in the second race in the Bugatti Circuit in LeMans, France  In 2006, he joined Carlin where he finished 6th in the first race of the season in Zolder  Later that year, he finished 4th in Circuit de Monaco and 8th in both races in Istanbul Park, but left Carlin and the Red Bull Junior team after the latter  Red Bull replaced him with fellow Red Bull Junior Team member and future Formula One Champion Sebastian Vettel After leaving Red Bull, he returned to the United States to complete in the Atlantic Championship mid-season 

Personal life
He is currently a Executive Vice President of Marketing with Salesforce 

Complete motorsports results
American Open-Wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest race lap)

2003 Barber Dodge Pro Series (Rookie of the Year, 5th in championship)
2004 German Formula Renault – 2nd in the Championship
2004 European Formula Renault – 3rd in the Championship
World Series by Renault 3 5
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Passage 4:
Jan Bull
Jan Bull (7 January 1927 – 16 December 1985) was a Norwegian author and theater instructor  Born in Paris,  he was son of the Norwegian poet Olaf Bull and the grandson of author Jacob Breda Bull 

Bibliography
13 poetry – poetry (1957) 
Marianne – (1959)
Sommerfuglene (1960)
Den siste fuglen – poetry (1961)
Sodoma – poetry (1964)
En vanligvis godt underrettet kilde – poetry (1967)
Masker – poetry (1976)
Døden ville lese Dickens – novel (1981)

Awards
1981– Riksmål Society Literature Prize
Passage 5:
Buxtehude Bull
The Buxtehude Bull (German: Buxtehuder Bulle) is an award for youth literature, established in 1971 by Winfried Ziemann, a local book merchant from Buxtehude, a Hanseatic City located in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region  The town council took over the sponsorship of the award in 1981  The award is given annually to the best children's or young-adults' book published in German (either native language or translated) in the preceding year  The writer is presented with a small steel statue of the bull (German: Bulle)  Ferdinand, from the popular work The Story of Ferdinand by Munro Leaf, and also receives a monetary prize  of €5,000 

Awards
1971: Alexander Sutherland Neill, Die grüne Wolke
1972: Cili Wethekam, Tignasse, Kind der Revolution
1973: Tilman Röhrig, Thoms Bericht
1974: Gail Graham, Zwischen den Feuern
1975: Johanna Reiss, Und im Fenster der Himmel
1976: Jaap ter Haar, Behalt das Leben lieb
1977: Gudrun Pausewang, Die Not der Familie Caldera
1978: Leonie Ossowski, Stern ohne Himmel
1979: Michael Ende, Die unendliche Geschichte (The Neverending Story)
1980: Hermann Vinke, Das kurze Leben der Sophie Scholl
1981: Myron Levoy, Der gelbe Vogel (Alan and Naomi)
1982: Rudolf Frank, Der Junge, der seinen Geburtstag vergaß
1983: Gudrun Pausewang, Die letzten Kinder von Schewenborn (The Last Children of Schewenborn)
1984: Mildred D  Taylor, Donnergrollen hör mein Schrei'n
1985: Urs M  Fiechtner, Annas Geschichte
1986: Joan Lingard, Über die Barrikaden
1987: James Watson, Hinter vorgehaltener Hand
1988: Isolde Heyne, Sternschnuppenzeit
1989: Heidi Glade-Hassenmüller, Gute Nacht, Zuckerpüppchen
1990: Maria Seidemann, Rosalie
1991: Ursula Wölfel, Ein Haus für alle
1992: Mecka Lind, Manchmal gehört mir die ganze Welt
1993: Klaus Kordon, Der erste Frühling
1994: Katarina von Bredow, Ludvig meine Liebe
1995: Tonke Dragt, Turmhoch und meilenweit
1996: Jostein Gaarder, Durch einen Spiegel, in einem dunklen Wort (Through a Glass, Darkly)
1997: Ralf Isau, Das Museum der gestohlenen Erinnerungen
1998: Andreas Steinhöfel, Die Mitte der Welt
1999: John Marsden, Gegen jede Chance (Third Day, the Frost)
2000: Sherryl Jordan, Junipers Spiel
2001: David Grossman, Wohin du mich führst
2002: Hanna Jansen, Über tausend Hügel wandere ich mit dir
2003: Nancy Farmer, Das Skorpionenhaus (The House of the Scorpion)
2004: Rainer M  Schröder, Die Lagune der Galeeren
2005: Kevin Brooks, Lucas
2006: Stephenie Meyer, Bis(s) zum Morgengrauen (Twilight)
2007: Anne C  Voorhoeve, Liverpool Street
2008: Markus Zusak, Die Bücherdiebin (The Book Thief)
2009: Suzanne Collins, Die Tribute von Panem – Tödliche Spiele (The Hunger Games)
2010: Susan Beth Pfeffer, Die Welt, wie wir sie kannten
2011: Lauren Oliver, Delirium
2012: John Green, Das Schicksal ist ein mieser Verräter
2013: Christine Fehér, Dann mach ich eben Schluss
2014: David Safier, 28 Tage lang
2015: Victoria Aveyard, Die Farben des Blutes: Die rote Königin
2016: Tamara Ireland Stone, Mit anderen Worten: ich
2017: John Boyne, Der Junge auf dem Berg (The Boy at the Top of the Mountain)
2018: Amy Giles, Jetzt ist alles, was wir haben (Now Is Everything)
2019: Wendelin Van Draanen, Acht Wochen Wüste (Wild Bird)
2020: Alan Gratz, Vor uns das Meer  Drei Jugendliche, drei Jahrzehnte, eine Hoffnung (Refugee)
2021: Malene Sølvsten, Ansuz – Das Flüstern der Raben
Passage 6:
Balarama (elephant)
Balarama (c  1956 – 7 May 2023) was the lead elephant of the Mysore Dasara procession and carried the idol of goddess Chamundeshwari on the fabled Golden Howdah thirteen times between 1999 and 2011  Balarama was a bull born about 1958 and was accompanied in the procession by other Dasara Elephants  Of the many (about 16) elephants participating, Balarama was one of the star attractions when he carried on his back the sacred idol of goddess Chamundeshwari in the 750 kilograms (1,650 lb) golden howdah on the auspicious 10th day of Dasara celebrations 

History
Balarama was captured in 1987 in the Kattepura forest near Somwarpet, in the Kodagu region of Karnataka  Balarama has taken part in the Dasara procession since 1994, carrying the golden howdah  A very silent bull (against the norm for elephants), he was said to be an introvert, and had to have special training so he could withstand the firing of cannons that occurs during the festival He succeeded Drona as the carrier of the Golden Howdah 
Balarama was not the first choice to carry the Howdah after Drona  Elephant Arjuna, a 44-year-old bull weighing 5,600 kilograms (12,300 lb) was supposed to be the carrier of the howdah, but was sidelined for accidentally killing a Mahout  One day, Arjuna went to bathe in a river with elephant Bahadur and Bahadur's trainer Annayya  While crossing a road, the elephants were startled by a vehicle and in the chaos that ensued, the rider Annayya fell down to the ground, only to be stamped on the head by Arjuna  He was crushed to death  People opined that an elephant that had killed a man was unfit to carry the religious duties of Dasara  So Arjuna, while being as capable as Drona, was not given the honorable duty, though he did have the honour of carrying the Chinnada Ambari once before being replaced by Balarama  Balarama had been rested from the duty of carrying the Golden Howdah due to his reducing weight and has been succeeded by Arjuna  Balarama led the procession as the 'nishane aane' or the lead elephant 
Balarama's Mahout Sannappa once refused to mount Balarama after his family were stopped by the police from watching him ride during Dasara 
Balarama refused food given to him by anybody other than his Mahout  Balarama weighed about 4590 Kilograms and he conquered the hearts of human beings by his majestic looks and the silence that he possessed  He was looked after at the Morkal Elephant camp at Nagarahole national park and his previous mahout Sannappa has retired and his new master Thimma has taken over 
The 67-year-old elephant was critically ill and under the care of a veterinarians at the Bhimanakatte elephant camp in the Hunsur range of the Nagarhole park  Despite the efforts of the medical team, Balarama’s condition deteriorated  According to reports, Balarama had been recovering from an ulcer in his mouth but the veterinarian treating him suspected that he may have been suffering from tuberculosis  He died on 7 May 2023 

See also
List of individual elephants
Passage 7:
Justin Tranchita
Justin Chase Tranchita  (born June 22, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and businessman  Born in Geneva, Illinois and raised in Princeton, Illinois  He achieved popularity by his recurring role on Game of Pawns and his music 

Life and career
Early life and career beginning
Justin was born to Joseph James Tranchita and Julee Ann Child in Geneva, Illinois, on June 22, 1981  His paternal grandfather was an immigrant from Marsala, Italy, while his mother was of Jewish and Irish ancestry  He has four elder siblings, Joe (born 1971), Julie (born 1974), Pam (born 1976) and Angie (born 1978) and four younger siblings, Jonathan (born 1983), Elliott (born 1990), Joshua (born 1995) and Marie (born 2000) 
He was raised in Princeton, Illinois just past the Red Covered bridge on a farm with animals surrounded by corn fields  He attended Princeton High school and played football for the school but due to his parents religious beliefs he was pulled out of attendance and home schooled after his sophomore year  Tranchita went on several humanitarian trips as a boy taking him all over America and twice to Israel  After his parents divorced his senior year in high school Tranchita had a crisis of faith and left Princeton  He later told the Bureau County Republican that "It was kind of a long road out of Princeton but it was the best place a kid could grow up  " Justin received a music scholarship to Greenville College and attended in 1999  In 2000 he dropped out of college and relocated to Branson , Missouri where he met Don Williams brother of American singer Andy Williams and Robert Vinton son of American singer Bobby Vinton  who helped Justin take the leap into a career in music and television 

Television and music
Tranchita starred on the television series Game of Pawns which airs on the Discovery Channel globally  The series was filmed in 2013 by High Noon Entertainment and is based on the goings on in a pawn shop in Branson, Missouri  Justin is joined by Scott Velvet and Brian Roman in this television game show which continues to run as re-runs in the United States and around the world on Discovery networks Recorded with producer and writer Steve Messer, the song "This is America" features lyrics about American politics  It first became noticed when the Ben Carson presidential campaign heard the song and decided to use it as their campaign song for 2016  Quickly after Ben Carson used the song it had commercial success by reaching number one on the Billboard Twitter Emerging Artist chart on November 28th, 2015 where it continued to stay on the chart for weeks  The song was controversial in nature and garnered mixed reviews, digg com said it was "one of the worste campaign songs of all time " Dan Fallon of digg com wrote "Props to Tranchita for almost getting the lyric "While governmental power tends to grow continuously" to not sound super awkward " Tranchita told The Guardian, "When I started to look into Ben Carson and what he stood for   people who have a faith – I identify with them because it does separate from people who do not ” Ben Carson personally thanked Justin for allowing him to use the song publicly in a statement to his Facebook followers, This is America returned to the number one spot again in 2016 after spending ten weeks on Billboards Emerging chart  This gave Tranchita a number one hit with the same song in two different years 

Discography
The Devil Song, (single)  (2012)
Cock of The Walk (2012)
This is America (single) (2015)
American Man 2016

Michigan State House Run
After the song "This is America" vaulted Tranchita into the political limelight he decided to run for the Michigan State House, district 32 in March of 2016  He was among Macomb County Republicans competing in state House races  Tranchita said the popularity of his song was responsible in part for his run, he told The Detroit News, "Millions of people have responded to [the song]    There's some angst, some anger, and people are feeling like their voices aren't heard  I feel that  I'm a blue-collar guy, not some elitist or crony that wants to be in the ruling class " After a very hard fought race Tranchita was narrowly defeated in his first ever political campaign by six percent in the August 2016 primary 
Passage 8:
Cock and Bull (book)
Cock and Bull is the title of a volume composed of two novellas by Will Self, which includes the stories Cock and Bull  The two stories are characterized by empty, emotionless, phatic sex; rape; cruelty; and violence  The book was originally published in 1992 by Bloomsbury 

Plot summaries
Cock
A woman grows a penis and then uses it to rape her tedious, alcoholic husband and his patronising, evangelical mentor from Alcoholics Anonymous  In the story's final twist, the woman comes into non-consensual contact with her violating member, and makes allusions to The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 

Bull
A sensitive rugby player-cum-writer for a small magazine grows a vagina behind his knee  His megalomaniacal general practitioner, having discovered the vagina during an examination, conceals it from Bull, telling him it was 'a burn and a wound', though later visits Bull at home, fixated on this popliteal yoni  The doctor, removing the bandages from the site, reveals the truth, and seduces Bull while he is traumatised and huddled beneath the sink 
Gender stereotypes are examined; much fun is made of modern literary criticism and its often clichéd takes on the gender debate 

Reviews
"In recounting such events, Mr  Self demonstrates an uncanny ability, similar to that displayed by Kafka in The Metamorphosis, to lend utterly absurd events an aura of verisimilitude by grounding the fantastic in the mundane  He possesses all those gifts a satiric writer might want: an eye for the telling detail, an ear for the pretensions of contemporary locution, an ability to write idiosyncratic prose that twinkles with cleverness and wit  Unfortunately, in this volume, these copious gifts are all too frequently put in the service of a misogynistic and ridiculously sophomoric vision  " Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times
Passage 9:
Will Self
William Woodard Self (born 26 September 1961) is an English author, journalist, political commentator and broadcaster  He has written 11 novels, five collections of shorter fiction, three novellas and nine collections of non-fiction writing  Self is currently Professor of Modern Thought at Brunel University London, where he teaches psychogeography His 2002 novel Dorian, an Imitation was longlisted for the Booker Prize, and his 2012 novel Umbrella was shortlisted  His fiction is known for being satirical, grotesque and fantastical, and is predominantly set within his home city of London  His writing often explores mental illness, drug abuse and psychiatry 
Self is a regular contributor to publications including The Guardian, Harper's Magazine, The New York Times and the London Review of Books  He currently writes a column for the New Statesman, and he has been a columnist for the Observer, The Times, and the Evening Standard  His columns for Building Design on the built environment, and for the Independent Magazine on the psychology of place brought him to prominence as a thinker concerned with the politics of urbanism 
Self is a regular contributor to British television, initially as a guest on comic panel shows such as Have I Got News for You  In 2002, Self replaced Mark Lamarr on the BBC comedy panel show Shooting Stars  for two series, but was himself replaced by comedian Jack Dee when the programme returned in 2008   He has since appeared on current affairs programmes such as Newsnight and Question Time



ground_truth: Pac-12 Conference

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What year was the author of Cock and Bull born? 

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Self is a contributor to the BBC Radio 4 programme A Point of View, to which he contributes radio essays delivered in his familiar "lugubrious tones"  In 2013, Self took part in discussions about becoming the inaugural BBC Radio 4 Writer-in-Residence, but later withdrew 

Early life
Self was born in Charing Cross Hospital and brought up in North London, between the suburbs of East Finchley and Hampstead Garden Suburb  His parents were Peter John Otter Self, Professor of Public Administration at the London School of Economics, and Elaine Rosenbloom, from Queens, New York, who worked as a publisher's assistant  His paternal grandfather was Sir Albert Henry Self  Self spent a year living in Ithaca in upstate New York Self's parents separated when he was nine, and divorced when he was 18  Despite the intellectual encouragement given by his parents, he was an emotionally confused and self-destructive child, harming himself with cigarette ends and knives before beginning to experiment with drugs Self was a voracious reader from a young age  When he was 10, he developed an interest in works of science fiction such as Frank Herbert's Dune and the works of J  G  Ballard and Philip K  Dick  Into his teenage years, Self claimed to have been "overawed by the canon", which stifled his ability to express himself  Self's use of drugs increased in step with his prolific reading  He started smoking cannabis at the age of 12, progressing by way of amphetamines, cocaine and LSD to heroin, which he started injecting at 18  Self struggled with mental health issues during this period, and aged 20 became a hospital outpatient Self attended University College School, an independent school for boys in Hampstead  He later attended Christ's College, Finchley, from where he went to Exeter College, Oxford, reading Philosophy, Politics and Economics and graduated with a third class degree  At Oxford, he was editor of and frequent contributor to an underground left-wing student newspaper called Red Herring/Oxford Strumpet, copies of which are archived in the Bodleian Library 

Career
After graduating from Oxford, Self worked for the Greater London Council, including as a road sweeper, while residing in Brixton  He pursued a career as a cartoonist for the New Statesman and other publications and as a stand-up comedian  He moved to Gloucester Road around 1985  In 1986 he entered a treatment centre in Weston-super-Mare, where he claimed that his heroin addiction was cured  In 1989, "through a series of accidents", he "blagged" his way into running a small publishing company The publication of his short story collection The Quantity Theory of Insanity brought him to public attention in 1991  Self was hailed as an original new talent by Salman Rushdie, Doris Lessing, Beryl Bainbridge, A  S  Byatt and Bill Buford  In 1993, he was nominated by Granta magazine as one of the 20 "Best Young British Novelists"  Conversely, Self's second book, My Idea of Fun, was "mauled" by the critics Self joined the Observer as a columnist in 1995  He gained negative publicity in 1997 when he was sent to cover the election campaign of John Major and was caught by a rival journalist using heroin on the Prime Minister's jet; he was fired as a result  At the time, he argued "I'm a hack who gets hired because I do drugs"  He joined the Times as a columnist in 1997  In 1999 he left the Times to join the Independent on Sunday, which he left in 2002 for the Evening Standard He has made many appearances on British television, especially as a panellist on Have I Got News for You and as a regular on Shooting Stars  Since 2008 Self has appeared five times on Question Time  He stopped appearing in Have I Got News for You, stating the show had become a pseudo-panel show  Between 2003 and 2006, he was a regular contributor to the BBC2 television series Grumpy Old Men Since 2009, Self has written two alternating fortnightly columns for the New Statesman  The Madness of Crowds explores social phenomena and group behaviour, and in Real Meals he reviews high street food outlets  For a May 2014 article in The Guardian, he wrote: "the literary novel as an art work and a narrative art form central to our culture is indeed dying before our eyes", explaining in a July 2014 article that his royalty income had decreased "dramatically" over the previous decade  The July article followed the release of a study of the earnings of British authors that was commissioned by the Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society Self is a professor of Modern Thought at Brunel University London  He was appointed in 2012 

Literary style
According to M  Hunter Hayes, Self has given his reason for writing as follows: "I don't write fiction for people to identify with and I don't write a picture of the world they can recognise  I write to astonish people " "What excites me is to disturb the reader's fundamental assumptions  I want to make them feel that certain categories within which they are used to perceiving the world are unstable "When he was ten, he developed an interest in works of science fiction such as Frank Herbert's Dune and those of J  G  Ballard and Philip K  Dick  Self admires the work of J  G  Ballard, Alasdair Gray and Martin Amis  He has said that he previously admired William Burroughs but went off him  He has cited influences such as Jonathan Swift, Franz Kafka, Lewis Carroll and Joseph Heller as formative influences on his writing style  Other influences on his fiction include Hunter S  Thompson  Self credits Céline's book Journey to the End of the Night with inspiring him to write fiction Zack Busner is a recurring character in Self's fiction, appearing in the short story collections The Quantity Theory of Insanity, Grey Area and Dr  Mukti and Other Tales of Woe, as well as in the novels Great Apes, The Book of Dave, Umbrella and Shark  Busner is a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst practising in London, and is prone to self-promotion at the expense of his patients  He is often the antagonist of the stories he appears in, although not always with villainous intent 
Among Self's admirers was the American critic Harold Bloom  Journalist Stuart Maconie has described him as "that rarity in modern cultural life, a genuine intellectual with a bracing command of words and ideas who is also droll, likeable and culturally savvy "

Political views
In the 2015 UK general election Self voted Labour in a general election for the first time since 1997  In May 2015, he wrote in The Guardian: "No, I'm no longer a socialist if to be one is to believe that a socialist utopia is attainable by some collective feat of will – but I remain a socialist, if 'socialism' is to be understood as an antipathy to vested interests and privileges neither deserved nor earned, and a strong desire for a genuinely egalitarian society " In March 2017, he wrote in the New Statesman: "Nowadays I think in terms of compassionate pragmatism: I'll leave socialism to Žižek and the other bloviators "In July 2015 Self endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election  He said during a Channel 4 News interview that Corbyn represents a useful ideological divide within Labour, and could lead to the formation of a schism in the party Self is a republican 

Personal life
Self's mother died in 1988  He was married from 1989 to 1997 to Kate Chancellor  They have two children, a son, Alexis, and a daughter, Madeleine  They lived together in a terraced house just off the Portobello Road  In 1997, Self married journalist Deborah Orr, with whom he has sons Ivan and Luther  In 2017, Orr and Self separated, and Self was living in a rented flat in Stockwell  Orr died on 20 October 2019 
Self has stated that he has abstained from drugs, except for caffeine and nicotine, since 1998  He sent his younger children to private schools after they experienced bullying at state schools in Lambeth Self was diagnosed with the blood disease Polycythaemia vera in 2011 He has described himself as a psychogeographer and modern flâneur, and has written about walks he has taken  In December 2006, he walked 26 miles (42 kilometres) from his home in South London to Heathrow Airport  Upon arriving at Kennedy Airport he walked 20 miles (32 kilometres) from there to Manhattan  In August 2013, Self wrote of his anger following an incident in which he was stopped and questioned by police in Yorkshire while out walking with his 11-year-old son, on suspicion of being a paedophile  The police were alerted by a security guard at Bishop Burton College  He had asked the security guard for permission to cross the school grounds In September 2018 Self was accused of "mental cruelty" by Orr in relation to their divorce, in a series of posts on Twitter Self has discussed his Jewish heritage and its impact on his identity  In 2006, Self  'resigned' as a Jew as a protest against the Israeli invasion of Lebanon  In 2018 he stated in an interview with the BBC that he had rethought his position, due to the resurgence of anti-Semitism in Britain Self is 6 feet 5 inches (196 cm) tall, collects vintage typewriters and smokes a pipe  His brother is the author and journalist Jonathan Self Self became a vegetarian in 2019 

Legacy
In 2016, the British Library acquired Self's archive; the collection is a hybrid archive of paper and born-digital material  The Papers of Will Self are divided into two parts: family papers and personal and literary papers  The papers can be accessed through the British Library catalogue 

Awards
1991: Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for The Quantity Theory of Insanity
1998: Aga Khan Prize for Fiction from The Paris Review for Tough Tough Toys for Tough Tough Boys
2008: Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize for Comic Fiction for The Butt

Works
Novels
Cock and Bull (1992)
My Idea of Fun (1993)
The Sweet Smell of Psychosis (illustrated novella) (1996)
Great Apes (1997)
How the Dead Live (2000)
Dorian, an Imitation (2002)
The Book of Dave (2006)
The Butt (2008)
Walking to Hollywood (2010)
Umbrella (2012)
Shark (2014)
Phone (2017)

Short story collections
The Quantity Theory of Insanity (1991)
Grey Area (1994)
Tough, Tough Toys for Tough, Tough Boys (1998)
Dr  Mukti and Other Tales of Woe (2004)
Liver: A Fictional Organ with a Surface Anatomy of Four Lobes (2008)
The Undivided Self: Selected Stories (2010)

Non-fiction
Self has also compiled several books of work from his newspaper and magazine columns which mix interviews with counter-culture figures, restaurant reviews and literary criticism 

Junk Mail (1996)
Perfidious Man (2000) photography by David M  Gamble
Sore Sites (2000)
Feeding Frenzy (2001)
Psychogeography (2007)
Psycho Too (2009)
The Unbearable Lightness of Being a Prawn Cracker (2012)
Will (2019)
Why Read: Selected Writings 2001-2021 (2022)

Television
The Minor Character – Self's short story was turned into a short film on Sky Arts which starred David Tennant as "Will" 
Passage 10:
Guilherme Marchi
Guilherme Marchi (pronounced Gih-lare-mee Mar-kee) (born July 22, 1982) is a Brazilian former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding, and competed in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuit  He was the 2008 PBR World Champion 

Background
Marchi is 6 feet 0 inches (1 83 m) tall and weighs 198 pounds (90 kg)  He is from Leme, São Paulo, and is of Italian descent on his father's side  He rode his bulls right-handed  His special interests include soccer, team roping, and surfing 

Career
Marchi competed very briefly in the Championship Bull Riding (CBR) tour in 2004 before joining the PBR full-time  He debuted late in the Built Ford Tough Series (BFTS) season that year, qualifying for his first-ever PBR World Finals and finishing 41st in the world  After finishing in the runner-up position for the PBR World Championship in three consecutive years, he won his world title in 2008  Statistically, Marchi was one of the most consistent riders on the tour  He would go on to qualify for the World Finals all 15 years of his PBR career (2004 to 2018) In 2005, Guilherme Marchi was the biggest threat to Justin McBride’s dream of being the PBR World Champion  McBride won, Marchi came in second  However, Marchi was the PBR World Finals event champion that year  
In 2006, during one of the last few regular-season BFTS events before the World Finals, Marchi won $90,000 by successfully riding Scene of the Crash in the Mossy Oak Shootout in Greensboro, North Carolina  At the World Finals, Marchi once again failed to win when fellow Brazilian Adriano Moraes came from behind to claim the PBR world championship, with Marchi placing second  
Yet again, in 2007, Marchi finished the season in the number two position behind Justin McBride at the PBR World Finals in Las Vegas In 2008, Marchi dominated the PBR circuit, riding nearly 75% of his bulls, winning five events, and earning over $1 5 million (nearly three times as much as any other PBR rider) on his way to his PBR world championship title and the $1 million bonus that went with it In March 2014, in the opening round of the BFTS event in Phoenix, Arizona, Marchi became the first bull rider to successfully complete 500 qualified rides in the PBR, riding Pandora’s Pyxis On April 8, 2017, Marchi rode Shocker for 86 25 points in Round 2 of the BFTS event in Billings, Montana  In doing so, he became the first PBR rider to reach 600 qualified rides and received a commemorative belt buckle On August 12, 2018, Marchi announced that 2018 would be his final year of bull riding, with the intention of retiring after the PBR World Finals  He finished his professional career with 635 qualified rides (the most ever in PBR history), 36 PBR event wins, and over $5 3 million in career earnings Marchi officially retired from bull riding following his victory at the 2018 PBR Brazil event in Goiânia, Goiás In 2023, Marchi became the assistant coach to head coach J W  Hart of the Kansas City Outlaws; one of eight bull riding teams of the PBR’s Team Series, which debuted the previous year and holds events in the United States from the summer through autumn  Marchi will also work on the team’s recruiting and development efforts for riders in Brazil 

Honors
On November 5, 2019, Marchi was inducted into the PBR Ring of Honor On May 14, 2022, Marchi was inducted into the Bull Riding Hall of Fame 

Personal
On April 19, 2018, Marchi married long-time girlfriend Maria in Texas  She is his second wife  They have a son  Marchi also has two other children, a daughter and son, from his first wife, Patricia  All of his children were born in the United States  While competing in the U S  PBR circuit, Marchi lived in Ferris, Texas  After retiring from bull riding, he moved back to Brazil with his family 



ground_truth: 1961