prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: The 53rd National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at the indoor arena that was completed in what year?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
6th National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 6th National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at the Detroit Olympia, home of the Detroit Red Wings, on October 5, 1952  For the second year in a row, the format had the first and second All-Star teams, with additional players on each team, play each other  After the game ended in a tie for the second year in a row, the NHL decided that they would continue with the previous format of the Stanley Cup winner playing an all-star team 

The game
Game summary
Referee: Bill Chadwick
Linesmen: George Young, Doug Young

Rosters
Notes

Citations
Passage 2:
63rd National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 2018 National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at Amalie Arena in  Tampa, home of the Tampa Bay Lightning on January 28, 2018  Tampa last held the NHL All-Star Game in 1999  The All-Star Game was played in lieu of NHL participation in the 2018 Winter Olympics, as the NHL Board of Governors ruled against interrupting the season to send players to Pyeongchang from February 10 to 25 The Pacific All-Stars won the All-Star Game, which was in its third straight year of a four-team, 3-on-3, single elimination format, with one team representing each of the league's four divisions  Rookie Brock Boeser of the Vancouver Canucks was named the Most Valuable Player, scoring two goals with an assist  He became the first rookie to win MVP since Mario Lemieux in 1985 

Format
The 2018 All-Star Game again used the 3-on-3 tournament format successfully introduced in 2016, in which teams representing each of the NHL's four divisions (the Atlantic, Metropolitan, Central, and Pacific) played a single-elimination tournament, with each game consisting of two 10-minute halves played 3-on-3 and going directly to a shootout if tied after 20 minutes In keeping with the four-team format, four separate uniforms were unveiled on January 3, one for each division   As with the previous year, the jerseys are meant to be of high contrast against one another to avoid confusion regardless of which teams face off   The primary colors of each jersey mirror the colors used by the event's host, the Lightning, with the Pacific division in white, the Central in black, the Atlantic in blue, and the Metropolitan in gray   Accent colors of "solar red" (on the Western Conference uniforms) and "UV yellow" (on the Eastern Conference uniforms) are meant to evoke the "warm, vibrant sunset tones and the energy of the Tampa Bay area "  The custom-designed number font also includes a pattern based on the suspension cables of the nearby Sunshine Skyway Bridge   The uniforms also see a nod to classic 1980s All-Star uniforms in the inclusion of stars on the sleeves, one for each division 

Skills Competition
The NHL All-Star Skills Competition took place the day before the All-Star Game on January 27, 2018, at Amalie Arena  Event winners were awarded a $25,000 prize, with new events the passing challenge and goalie save streak added to the competition  The winners were:

Fastest Skater – Connor McDavid, Edmonton Oilers, 13 454 seconds
Puck Control Relay – Johnny Gaudreau, Calgary Flames, 24 650 seconds
Passing Challenge – Alex Pietrangelo, St  Louis Blues, 46 610 seconds
Save Streak – Marc-Andre Fleury, Vegas Golden Knights, 14 saves
Hardest Shot – Alexander Ovechkin, Washington Capitals, 101 3 mph
Accuracy Shooting – Brock Boeser, Vancouver Canucks, 11 136 seconds

Rosters
As in the previous two All-Star Games, captaincy of each division was determined by a fan vote, running from December 2, 2017 until January 1, 2018   On January 3, 2018, after a month of fan voting, the four captains were announced by the NHL  Steven Stamkos of the hosting Lightning was selected captain for the Atlantic Division  Alexander Ovechkin of the Washington Capitals was selected for the Metropolitan Division   P  K  Subban of the Nashville Predators and Connor McDavid of the Edmonton Oilers were selected to captain the Central and Pacific Divisions, respectively, for the second consecutive year On January 7, Jon Cooper of the Lightning was named head coach of the Atlantic Division Team   Joining him as coaches are Peter Laviolette of the Predators (Central), Barry Trotz of the Capitals (Metropolitan), and Gerard Gallant of the Golden Knights (Pacific)   Coaches are chosen from the team in each division with the highest points percentage through January 6, the season's halfway point: the Lightning sat at 0 744 with 61 points as the top team in the NHL, trailed by the Golden Knights at 0 725 with 58 points  The Predators, with a 0 659 percentage and 54 points, were ranked fourth while the Capitals, sitting at a 0 646 percentage for 53 points, ranked sixth overall Full team rosters were announced on January 10, 2018  Brock Boeser, the Vancouver Canucks' first-round draft pick in 2015, was the sole rookie selected to appear in the 2018 All-Star Game  As of January 10, he led all rookies in goals and points with 22 and 40 respectively through 40 games, placing him fifth overall in goal scoring in the entire NHL Under a week prior to the game, Jonathan Quick of the Los Angeles Kings elected to not accept his invitation  As a consequence, he was suspended for one regular season game  Mike Smith of the Flames replaced Quick and joined Marc-Andre Fleury as the goalies for the Pacific Division  As well, Taylor Hall of the New Jersey Devils was injured and replaced by Brian Boyle in the Metropolitan Division 

Uniforms
As with the previous game, the NHL used four uniquely-colored jerseys for each of the four division teams  As this was the first game with Adidas as the uniform supplier, the uniforms all featured Adidas' trademark three stripes down the sides of the jerseys, underneath the arms  The colors for each division were: blue with yellow trim, with blue pants, for the Atlantic; gray with yellow trim and black pants for the Metropolitan; black with reddish-orange trim and black pants for the Central; and white with reddish-orange trim and white pants for the Pacific  White pants had previously only been worn in the NHL by the 1974–75 Washington Capitals for a few games, and the Los Angeles Kings for the 2015 NHL Stadium Series game  The numbers on the back of the jerseys featured a pattern based on the Sunshine Skyway Bridge 

Bracket
Game summaries
First semifinal game
Second semifinal game
Final
Festivities and entertainment
All-Star celebrations began on January 26 with the 2018 NHL All-Star pregame near the arena   Events included an opportunity to meet NHL mascots, participate in skills challenges in the NHL All-Star Skills Zone, view the NHL's various trophies, including the Stanley Cup, and meet past and present NHL players for autographs   The pregame was a recurring event open all of All-Star Weekend All-Star Friday Night included the Enterprise NHL All-Star Friday Night concert at Curtis Hixon Park headlined by Fitz and the Tantrums The 2018 Gasparilla Pirate Festival and the Gasparilla Parade of the Pirates took place nearby on January 27, prior to the All-Star Skills Competition at Amalie Arena   Former Lightning center Vincent Lecavalier was named the grand marshal for the parade, and regarded as a "perfect choice" by Christopher Lykes, the Captain of Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla, who have hosted the parade annually since 1904   According to Lykes, "Vinny was a force with the Lightning and a force as an NHL All-Star  He has continued his leadership by being an active and positive role model in our community "The All-Star Red Carpet began prior to the All-Star Game at 1:00 pm on January 28, with further opportunities for fans to interact with the players as they enter the arena   Kid Rock performed during the second intermission, prior to the start of the championship game  News of his performance was announced during NBCSN's pregame coverage for the January 16 Flyers-Rangers game   The announcement was received with mixed opinions, due to a combination of factors including the length of time since his last major musical hit and his political stances Lindsay Ell sang the Canadian national anthem while Brett Young sang the American national anthem 

Television
The All-Star Game and skills competition were broadcast in the United States by NBC and NBCSN, respectively  This marked the second consecutive season that the All-Star Game was broadcast on American broadcast network television: the year before, it returned to NBC and network television at large for the first time since 2004  In Canada, both the All-Star Game and skills competition were broadcast on both CBC and Sportsnet, and on TVA Sports in French 
Passage 3:
53rd National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 2003 National Hockey League All-Star Game took place on February 2, 2003 at Office Depot Center in Sunrise, the home of the Florida Panthers  It was the first All-Star Game since the 1997 All-Star Game to use the Eastern Conference–Western Conference format 

All-Star weekend
NHL YoungStars Game
The All-Star festivities began on February 1 with the YoungStars Game, pitting the best rookies on League rosters against each other  Months ago, it was decided that the assistant coaches of the team with the best points percentages in their respective conferences through the games of Wednesday, January 8, were selected as coaches for the Eastern Conference and Western Conference YoungStars, respectively   The YoungStars players were selected by the NHL's Hockey Operations Department, in consultation with League general managers 
The game's format changed from the previous season as it will be played using five skaters and one goaltender per team   The duration of the game will consist of three 20-minute periods, running time with three-minute stops after goals with a 20-minute break between periods   If the score is tied after three periods, a sudden-death shootout will determine the winner 
The Washington Capitals' Brian Sutherby won the Most Valuable Player for the Eastern Conference YoungStars by scoring two goals and an assist as the East cruised to an easy 8–3 victory  Hometown favourite Stephen Weiss also scored a goal and an assist for the East to thrill the Panthers fans in attendance 

Super Skills Competition
A traditional event followed the YoungStars game, with the NHL Skills Competition  The Western Conference won the competition 15–9, made memorable by hard-shooting defenseman Al MacInnis of the St  Louis Blues winning his seventh Hardest Shot event, and Colorado Avalanche's Patrick Roy allowed only a single goal through both of the Goaltending Competitions 

Individual Event winners
Puck Control Relay – Martin St  Louis (Tampa Bay Lightning)
Fastest Skater – Marian Gaborik (Minnesota Wild) - 13 713 seconds
Accuracy Shooting – Jeremy Roenick (Philadelphia Flyers) - 4 hits, 4 shots
Hardest Shot – Al MacInnis (St  Louis Blues)  - 98 9 mph (159 2 km/h)
Goaltenders Competition – Patrick Roy (Colorado Avalanche) - 1 GA, 9 shots

The game
On Sunday, February 2, the actual All-Star Game began  The Eastern Conference was forced to name five injury replacements to their roster, as Ed Belfour, Brian Leetch, Mario Lemieux, Saku Koivu and Mats Sundin were all out with injury  The Atlanta Thrashers' Dany Heatley opened the scoring for the Eastern Conference by scoring past Colorado Avalanche's Patrick Roy just five and a half minutes into the first period 
Colorado's Peter Forsberg and Dallas Stars' Mike Modano scored the next two goals to give the Western Conference a 2–1 lead  However, Heatley would score his second consecutive goal on Roy, tapping in a rebound of a shot by Washington Capitals' Jaromir Jagr to tie the score at 2, a bit more than halfway through the first period  Five minutes later, Minnesota Wild's Marian Gaborik scored by banging in Los Angeles Kings' Mathieu Schneider's rebound past Tampa Bay Lightning's Nikolai Khabibulin to restore the Western lead at 3–2, which remained at the end of the first period  Goaltenders Roy and Khabibulin would then be replaced by Chicago Blackhawks' Jocelyn Thibault and New Jersey Devils' Martin Brodeur for the West and the East, respectively 
The change of goaltenders made little difference for Heatley, as he finished his hat trick with a wrist shot past Thibault to tie the game at 3  For the third consecutive time, the West replied when Vancouver Canucks' Ed Jovanovski caught a deflection off the skate of Washington Capitals' Sergei Gonchar  Heatley then scored his fourth goal of the game by converting a pass from hometown hero Florida Panthers' Olli Jokinen and shooting it over Thibault's glove  Heatley's four goals in an All-Star game tied the previous records of Wayne Gretzky, Mario Lemieux, Vincent Damphousse and Mike Gartner and became the first player in All-Star history to score four goals with no one else scoring in between them 
No more goals were scored in the second period, and Ottawa Senators' Patrick Lalime came in to play goal for the Eastern Conference, while Dallas Stars' Marty Turco came in for the West  St  Louis Blues' Al MacInnis scored past Lalime's glove to give the West a 5–4 lead, a minute and a half into the third period 
Jokinen tied the game by taking a pass from Jaromir Jagr and skating in on a partial breakaway and putting a hard wrist shot past Turco to tie the game at 5  With ten minutes left in regulation, neither team were able to score on the two goaltender  The third period ended in a 5–5 tie and the winner of the 53rd NHL All-Star Game would have to be decided in overtime for the first time since 1988 
Patrick Lalime and Marty Turco remained in goal for the overtime, and preserved a scoreless extra period  For the first time in history, an NHL All-Star Game would be settled in a shootout  The Vancouver Canucks' Markus Naslund, Dallas Stars' Bill Guerin and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim's Paul Kariya would score against Lalime for the Western Conference  On the other side, Turco only let in one goal in the shootout, which was scored by Dany Heatley  (Heatley's shootout goal did not count towards his regulation total of four, leaving him tied for the record ) The Western Conference won the game with a 6–5 shootout victory  Heatley, with a total of five points, was named All-Star MVP 

Uniforms
The NHL carried over the uniform design from the previous All-Star Game  Since the uniforms introduced the year before used the colors of the conference logos, the Western Conference used the same blue jersey worn by the 2002 North American team  However, due to the contrast issues from the 2002 game, the burgundy jersey worn by the World team was replaced with a white version worn by the Eastern Conference team  Both uniforms continued to feature black as the primary trim color, with silver and white accents  The player names and numbers on the back of the Western team's uniforms were rendered in black, however, leaving the uniforms completely devoid of the conference's burgundy color  Both teams continued to wear flag patches representing each player's homeland on the left shoulder  This would be the last use of national flags on the All-Star uniforms to date 

Summary
Referees: Dennis LaRue, Dan O'Halloran
Linesmen: Jean Morin, Tim Nowak
Television: ABC, CBC, SRC

National Anthems
Canadian country singer Paul Brandt sang the Canadian national anthem while Cuban-American singer and Florida native Jorge Moreno sang the American national anthem 

Rosters
Notes

See also
2002–03 NHL season
Passage 4:
47th National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 1997 National Hockey League All-Star Game took place on January 18, 1997, at San Jose Arena in San Jose, home of the San Jose Sharks  The final score was Eastern Conference 11, Western Conference 7   This game was originally scheduled for the 1994–95 season, but was cancelled due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout 

Super Skills Competition
The Eastern Conference won the skills competition for the first time since 1992  St  Louis Blues' Al MacInnis won the Hardest Shot event for the third time in his career by slapping the puck at 98 9 mph  Boston Bruins' defenceman Ray Bourque won the Shooting Accuracy event for the fourth time, hitting four targets in seven shots  Florida Panthers' goaltender John Vanbiesbrouck stopped all 10 shots by Mats Sundin and Derian Hatcher in Rapid-Fire Relay to outduel Colorado Avalanche netminder Patrick Roy who made nine saves   In the Power-Play Relay, Vanbiesbrouck allowed only two of six shots to elude him that were taken by Mighty Ducks of Anaheims' Teemu Selanne and Paul Kariya to claim the Goaltenders Competition 

Individual Event winners
Puck Control Relay - Geoff Sanderson (Hartford Whalers)
Fastest Skater - Peter Bondra, (Washington Capitals) - 13 610 seconds
Accuracy Shooting - Ray Bourque, (Boston Bruins) - 4 hits, 7 shots
Hardest Shot - Al MacInnis, (St  Louis Blues) - 98 9 mph
Goaltenders Competition - John Vanbiesbrouck, (Florida Panthers) - 2 GA, 16 shots

The Game
Montreal Canadiens' right-winger Mark Recchi had a hat-trick to lead the Eastern Conference to an 11–7 victory and to be named All-Star M V P   Mark Recchi would become the fourth Montreal Canadien to receive the award   A record 10 goals was scored in the second period, including two from hometown favorite San Jose Sharks' right-winger Owen Nolan in a record eight seconds   Nolan would complete his hat-trick in the third period as he closed in on a breakaway towards Buffalo Sabres' goaltender Dominik Hasek  Nolan pointed to the top left corner and then fired a shot right off the bar top corner  Gary Thorne called it saying, "here come the chapeaus!"  The crowd erupted, throwing hats everywhere 

Boxscore
Referee: Rob Shick
Linesmen: Ron Asselstine, Bob Hodges, Leon Stickle
Television: FOX, CBC, SRC

See also
1996–97 NHL season

Notes
Passage 5:
52nd National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 2002 National Hockey League All-Star Game took place on February 2, 2002, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles  The final score was World 8, North America 5   This was the last NHL All-Star Game to have the North America vs  World All-Star format  It was also the last All-Star Game that was held in the same year as the Winter Olympics until the 2018 edition 

All-Star weekend
NHL YoungStars Game
The inaugural NHL YoungStars Game was played (replacing Heroes of Hockey old-timers game) featuring the future young stars of the NHL   The two teams were divided between Team Melrose and Team Fox  The game format had four skaters (and one goaltender) per side and the first two periods were for 12 minutes running time, and then the third period would run for 11 minutes, running time, plus a final minute of stop time  The teams were allowed a four-minute break between periods  If the score is tied after three periods, a sudden-murder shootout will determine the winner   Team Melrose would defeat Team Fox by a score of 13–7, as Atlanta Thrashers' Ilya Kovalchuk would score six goals for Team Melrose, with one of them being on a penalty shot   Kovalchuk was named as the first-ever YoungStars MVP 

Super Skills Competition
The World All-Stars would win their fourth and last skills competition barely defeating the North American All-Stars by a score of 12–11   In the individual events, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim' Paul Kariya would win his fourth-straight Puck Control Relay event, while Carolina Hurricanes' Sami Kapanen would win his second Fastest Skater event and Detroit Red Wings' Sergei Fedorov would win his first Hardest Shot event   Two individual events would be shared as Calgary Flames' Jarome Iginla and Vancouver Canucks' Markus Naslund would share the Accuracy Shooting event title and Colorado Avalanche's Patrick Roy and Detroit Red Wings' Dominik Hasek would win the Goaltenders Competition after the Pass and Score and Breakaway Relay events 

Individual event winners
Puck Control Relay – Paul Kariya (Mighty Ducks of Anaheim)
Fastest Skater – Sami Kapanen (Carolina Hurricanes) - 14 039 seconds
Accuracy Shooting – Jarome Iginla (Calgary Flames)/Markus Naslund (Vancouver Canucks) - 4 hits, 6 shots
Hardest Shot – Sergei Fedorov (Detroit Red Wings)  - 101 5 mph
Goaltenders Competition – Patrick Roy (Colorado Avalanche)/Dominik Hasek (Detroit Red Wings) - 1 GA, 9 shots

The game
The 52nd NHL All-Star Game was highlighted by Pittsburgh Penguins' Mario Lemieux's 13th career goal which tied Wayne Gretzky for the most goals scored in All-Star Game competition, Tampa Bay Lightning goalie Nikolai Khabibulin's flawless third period and a flawed MVP selection process   Three players would put up three-point performances that included North American All-Stars Chicago Blackhawks' leftwinger Eric Daze (2–1–3) and San Jose Sharks' centre Vincent Damphousse (1–2–3), while Vancouver Canucks' left winger Markus Naslund (2–1–3) would be the only player for the World All-Stars to score three points   The World All-Stars rallied for 5 goals in the third period and a comeback win  Daze who was appearing in his first All-Star Game, was chosen as All-Star MVP, becoming the first Blackhawk player to win the award since 1971 when Bobby Hull won the award  A minor controversy ensued over the MVP selection, as World All-Stars goalie Khabibulin recorded a third period shutout that allowed his team to storm back from 5-3 down  Apparently voting was conducted with about 5 minutes remaining in the game while the North American All-Stars still held the lead  Afterwards the talk in both locker rooms was about the Russian goaltender's play, what it might mean for the upcoming Olympics in two weeks and their disappointment that his 20 save performance didn't win him an honor, which many of them thought was both deserved and obvious 

Uniforms
Continuing from the previous two All-Star Games, the NHL continued to use a color-vs color format  The North American team's jersey was the same shade of blue as the logo of the Eastern Conference, the same shade of blue previously used by the World team in 1998 and 1999; the jersey also featured the first tie-down collar in the All-Star Game since 1970  The World team used the Western Conference's burgundy color, and a unique horizontal-cut collar  Both uniforms featured predominantly black trim with silver and white accents, and a scooped hemline that would become prevalent with the Reebok Edge and Adidas ADIZERO uniform systems  Although the game was hosted by the Kings, the name and number fonts used on the All-Star jerseys were similar to those used by the Nashville Predators 
Due to complaints about the uniforms being too dark and lacking sufficient contrast to each other, the NHL would replace the burgundy jersey with a white one in the next year's game 

Summary
Referees: Dave Jackson, Don Van Massenhoven
Linesmen: Andy McElman, Mark Pare
Television: ABC, CBC, SRC

Rosters
Notes
1 ^ Eric Lindros was selected, but was unable to play due to injury  Mike York was selected as his replacement 
2 ^ Brian Rafalski was selected, but was unable to play due to injury  Chris Chelios was selected as his replacement 
3 ^ Jere Lehtinen was selected, but was unable to play due to injury  Espen Knutsen was named as his replacement 
Passage 6:
NBL Canada All-Star Game
The NBL Canada All-Star Game was an exhibition game hosted by the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL)  The first edition was held in 2012 and included ten players per team, randomly divided under captains Joey Haywood and Eddie Smith  In the final two editions in 2013 and 2014, players were divided into a Central Division team and an Atlantic Division team  In 2014, the players have decided on the coaches' votes  The game takes place alongside multiple other competitions, together known as All-Star Weekend  These competitions include the Three-Point Long Distance Shootout and the Slam Dunk Championship 

Results
See also
List of NBL Canada All-Stars
Passage 7:
NHL All-Star Skills Competition
The National Hockey League All-Star Skills Competition, officially the NHL All-Star Game SuperSkills Competition during certain past years, is an event on the night preceding the National Hockey League All-Star Game  Started at the 41st National Hockey League All-Star Game in Pittsburgh in 1990, the NHL uses the event to showcase the talents of its all-star participants  The All-Star teams select representatives for each event, with points awarded to the winning team 

Current events
Through 2023

Accuracy Shooting
The purpose of the event is to hit the four targets attached to the four corners of a goal in the fastest time  Prior to 2011, the object of the event was to hit all four targets in as few attempts as possible  Under this format, seven players have gone four-for-four: Ray Bourque in 1992 and 1993, Mark Messier in 1996, Jeremy Roenick in 2004, Tomas Kaberle in 2008, Evgeni Malkin in 2009, Daniel Sedin in 2011, plus Nazem Kadri, Brock Nelson and twice with Connor McDavid in 2023  Sedin is the current record holder, hitting 4/4 targets in 7 3 seconds  For the 2018 competition, the traditional foam targets were replaced with LED targets that light up to show the player where to shoot the puck next  During the 2019 Skills Competition, the LED light-up targets featured face emojis of four all-star NHL players  The 2020 competition introduced a fifth target in the center of the net, with the targets showing each player's name, team logo, All-Star Game logo, number of All-Star appearances by that player, and uniform number  The 2023 edition reverted to the four foam targets, but also introduced a knock-out style to the competition  As a result, while having the best time of the night, McDavid would ultimately be third in the competition, being beat by Kadri in the semi-finals 

Winners
^ #:Score in final round is listed

Breakaway Challenge
From the 2007–08 season onwards, the Breakaway Challenge format was changed to a "slam dunk" style challenge, where individual shooters showcase creative and skillful breakaways, with the winner being determined by fan voting via text messaging 

Winners
Fastest skater
The purpose of the event is to be fastest skater around a designated course within the rink  The final race each year was originally one full lap around the rink until 2008, when the event was revised to a course, only to be changed back to one full lap after 2015  In 2016, American-born Dylan Larkin finished with a time of 13 172, setting the record 

Winners
* - Player was part of the All-Star Rookies; participated in the Skills Competition, but not the All-Star Game 

Hardest Shot
The purpose of the event is to have the hardest shot  Martin Frk owns the record for the hardest shot in hockey with 109 2 mph during the 2020 AHL all-star competition  Zdeno Chara owns the NHL record for the hardest shot with 108 8 mph (175 1 km/h) in 2012, besting his own previous record of 105 9 in 2011  Prior to Chara the record was held by Al Iafrate at 105 2 mph  After Chara, Shea Weber holds the 3 hardest shots in 2015 and 2016, with 108 5 mph (174 6 km/h) in 2015, 108 1 (174 km/h) and 107 8 (173 5 km/h) on his post-match gala shot  (The world record is 110 3 mph (177 5 km/h) held by Denis Kulyash)
Al MacInnis holds the record for the most number of hardest shot wins at seven total (with an * on his speeds, as Al MacInnis always used a wooden stick, rather than the reinforced composite/foam that modern sticks are made out of, because he said he got more accuracy with a wooden stick  He likely would have had a faster shot using the more modern sticks) 

Winners
Past Events
The following is a partial list of past events:

Breakaway Relay
The Breakaway Relay was held from 1991 to 2007  The purpose of the event is to use teamwork to score on a breakaway against an opposing goalie  Points are awarded to the team with the most goals and the individual goalie who lets in the fewest goals 

Winners
Elimination Shootout
The Elimination Shootout was held from 2008 to 2012  The purpose of the event is for individual scorers to try to score on a breakaway against an opposing goalie  Shooters who score stay alive in the contest while those failing to score are eliminated  The contest goes until all shooters are eliminated but one, with that shooter being the winner 

Winners
Elite Women's 3-on-3 Hockey
The Elite Women's 3-on-3 Hockey was held in 2020  Twenty of the best women's players in the world competed in a 20-minute, 3-on-3 game, with ten American All-Stars facing off against ten Canadian All-Stars There was two 10-minute periods with a running clock (except last minute of regulation and penalty shots)  Teams switch ends after one period of play  Penalties will be "served" with penalty shot being awarded to the player fouled  And in the event of a tie, there will be a 3-minute sudden death overtime with a running clock to determine the winner  If tied after overtime, a sudden death shootout will occur 
Rosters
Team Canada
Forwards: Meghan Agosta, Melodie Daoust, Rebecca Johnston, Sarah Nurse, Marie-Philip Poulin, Natalie Spooner and Blayre Turnbull 
Defensemen: Renata Fast and Laura Fortino 
Goaltender: Ann-Renee Desbiens 
Coach: Jayna Hefford
Team USA
Forwards: Anne Pankowski, Alex Carpenter, Kendall Coyne Schofield, Brianna Decker, Amanda Kessel, Hilary Knight, Jocelyne Lamoureux-Davidson 
Defensemen: Kacey Bellamy and Lee Stecklein
Goaltender: Alex Rigsby Cavallini 
Coach: Cammi Granato

Winners
Four Line Challenge
The Four Line Challenge was held in 2017  The purpose of this event is for four skaters from each team to earn points by scoring goals from each line on the ice 

1st skater – two shots from near blue line  Goal in upper corners of the net = 1 point 
2nd skater – two shots from center ice  Goal in lower corners = 1 point  Goal in upper corners = 3 points 
3rd skater – two shots from far blue line  Goal in lower center corner ("five hole") = 1 point  Goal in upper corners = 5 points 
4th skater – two shots from far goal line  Goal in "five hole" = 10 points  If goalie scores = 20 points 

Winners
Goaltenders competition
The Goaltenders competition was held from 1990 to 2007  Points are awarded to the goalie allowing the fewest goals against in the Zone and Shootout/Breakaway Relay Events 

Winners
NHL Shooting Stars
The NHL Shooting Stars was held in 2020  It had players shooting from an elevated platform approximately 30 feet above the ice surface of the rink located in the seating bowl  Each Player shoots 7 pucks, scoring points for each target hit  (The arch target in center ice is 145 feet from the shooting platform)  Players may hit the same target multiple times  In event of a tie, a sudden death "score-off" will occur 

Winners
NHL Shootout
The NHL Shootout was held from 2015 to 2017  The purpose of this event is for individual shooters to try to score on a breakaway against an opposing goalie  It is similar to the past event, Elimination Shootout; however, the shooter is not eliminated  The contest continues for three 2-minute rounds as six skaters from each team per round get a chance to score on the opposing team's goalie, gathering enough points until time runs out  Goals scored with game pucks equal 1 point, while Discover shootout pucks equal 2 points 

Winners
Passing Challenge/Premier Passer
The Passing Challenge made its debut in 2018, and was renamed Premier Passer in 2019  The purpose of this event is for skaters to earn points for their division by passing the puck to various targets, courses and nets in the fastest time possible  Note: Each skill must be completed before moving on to the next station 

Target Passing: each player must complete four successful passes to the targets that randomly light up 
Give and Go: each player must successfully complete the four required passes through the course 
Mini Nets: each player must complete a pass into each of the four mini nets and the game net 

Winners
Puck Control Relay
The Puck Control Relay was held from 1990 to 2019  The purpose of the event is to be fastest skater over the course while also maintaining control of the puck through a series of pylons  There are two races; the first where each team has three skaters in a race against each other and the second for the best individuals of each conference  One goal awarded to the winning team of each competition 
This event returned in 2018  Skaters from each division earn points on their skills with puck handling in the fastest time possible  Note: each skill must be completed before moving on to the next station 

Stick-handling: each skater must control the puck through a series of eight pucks 
Cone Control: each skater with a puck must skate through a series of eight cones 
Gates: as a skater approaches each gate, he must shoot the puck through the lit rung 

Winners
Save Streak
The Save Streak was held from 2018 to 2022  The purpose of this event is for goaltenders to earn points for their division by saving as many pucks as possible against an opposing division's shooter in NHL shootout fashion  The goaltender with the longest "save streak" and most saves wins the competition  Note: the winning goaltender receives $25,000 

Each scoring attempt is officiated in accordance with NHL shootout rules and begins on the referee's whistle 
Each goalie will face all players from an opposing division 
Players from each division will shoot numerically with the division captain shooting last 
If a goalie saves the divisional captain's shot, he will continue to face shooters until a goal is scored 
If there is a tie for the longest "save streak", the winner will be determined by the total number of saves made in their round 

Winners
Skills Challenge Relay
The Skills Challenge Relay was held from 2011 to 2017  This event had the following relays:

One timers – three shooters must each score 2 goals from various locations in the offensive zone
Passing – one passer must complete a pass into six small nets
Puck Control Relay – one skater with the puck skates through a series of cones
Stick Handling – one skater controls the puck through a series of pucks
Accuracy Shooting – one shooter must hit four targets
Goalie Goals - one goalie must score 2 goalsTwo groups of each team participate: one-timers having left-hand shooters in one group and right-hand shooters in another 

Winners
Skills Conference winner
In 2009, there was no score kept 
In 2016, the winning conference was given the choice of whether to play the first or second mini-game in the All-Star Game the next day  In 2017, the winning division was given the choice of which opponent to play first in the All-Star Game In 2018, even though there were four divisions, the competition focused on individual player and no score was kept 
Passage 8:
BB&amp;T Center (Sunrise, Florida)
FLA Live Arena (previously known as the National Car Rental Center, Office Depot Center, BankAtlantic Center, and BB&T Center) is an indoor arena located next to Sawgrass Mills in Sunrise, Florida  It is the home venue for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League  It was completed in 1998, at a cost of US$185 million, almost entirely publicly financed, and features 70 suites and 2,623 club seats 

History
In 1992, Wayne Huizenga obtained a new NHL franchise that would eventually become the Florida Panthers  Until the team had an arena of their own, they initially played at the now-demolished Miami Arena, sharing the venue with the NBA's Miami Heat  Sunrise City Manager Pat Salerno made public a $167-million financing and construction plan for a civic center near the Sawgrass Expressway in December 1995, and Broward County approved construction in February 1996  In June 1996, the site was chosen by the Panthers, and in July, Alex Muxo gathered more than a dozen architects, engineers and contractors for the first major design brainstorming session  Architects Ellerbe Becket were given 26 months to build the arena, which had to be ready by August 30, 1998, to accommodate the 1998–99 NHL season  Despite never having designed a facility that had taken less than 31 months from start to finish, they accepted the job 
Seventy suites were completed with wet bars, closed circuit monitors and leather upholstery  Averaging over 650 square feet (60 m2), the suites are the largest in the country for this type of facility  Also home to private lounge box seating, all construction activity was generated by over fifty subcontractors and 2 3 million man hours without a single injury  Known as the Broward County Civic Center during construction, the naming rights were won in July 1998 by National Car Rental — a company purchased by Huizenga in January 1997 — leading to the venue being named the National Car Rental Center  A certificate of occupancy was given on September 12, 1998, and the arena opened on October 3, 1998, with a Celine Dion concert  The next day, Elton John performed, and on October 9, 1998, the Florida Panthers had their first home game at their new arena As NRC's new parent company, ANC Rental, went bankrupt in 2002, the Panthers sought a new sponsor for the arena  It became the Office Depot Center in the summer of 2002  (Office Depot is an office supply retailing company, which is headquartered in nearby Boca Raton ) Just over three years later, the arena's name changed again; it became the BankAtlantic Center on September 6, 2005  (BankAtlantic was headquartered in nearby Fort Lauderdale )
Because BB&T purchased BankAtlantic in July 2012, the arena was rebranded as the BB&T Center The arena is currently the largest in Florida and second-largest in the Southeastern United States, behind Greensboro Coliseum  During the 2011 offseason, the BB&T Center replaced the original green seats in the lower bowl with new red seats, as a part of the Panthers' "We See Red" campaign In October 2012, Sunrise Sports and Entertainment completed installation of the Club Red seating sections encompassing the center ice seats during hockey games  It is an all-inclusive nightclub experience following the trend of other sports and entertainment venues in incorporating high-end seating sections and clubs The ADT Club, located on the club level, offers food and beverage  The Duffy's Sky Club at the BB&T Center encompasses approximately 8,000 square feet (740 m2) and can cater to a maximum of about 500 guests  The Penalty Box offers fans another seating and dining option inside the BB&T Center  The Legends Lounge is a restaurant located on the Lexus Suite Level, and offers sit down service On May 14, 2013, Broward County voted to fund a new scoreboard for the county-owned arena  On October 11, 2013, the scoreboard made its debut for the Panthers' 2013–14 home opener In February 2019, it was announced that BB&T would be merging with SunTrust Banks to form Truist Financial Corporation  The merged company decided to not renew the naming rights agreement after it expired in 2021; the arena will thus have the temporary name of FLA Live Arena until a new rights partner is found 

Concerts
Notable events
NHL
The Florida Panthers hosted the 2001 NHL Entry Draft & 2015 NHL Entry Draft at the arena 
The arena served as the site for the 2003 NHL All-Star Game on February 2, 2003  The Western Conference defeated the Eastern Conference 6–5 in a shootout victory  It marked the first "official" shootout in the NHL 
The arena was due to host the 2021 NHL All-Star game, but it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic 
The arena hosted the 2023 NHL All-Star Game on February 4, 2023 
The arena hosted the third and fourth games of the 2023 Stanley Cup Finals 

Boxing, mixed martial arts
The arena has held boxing and mixed martial arts events such as EliteXC: Heat featuring the main event of Seth Petruzelli and Kimbo Slice took place on October 4, 2008  On February 15, 2009, a lightweight bout between Nate Campbell and Ali Funeka took place in the arena 
Strikeforce MMA made their debut at the arena on January 30, 2010, with the Strikeforce: Miami event on Showtime UFC on FX 3 took place at the arena on June 8, 2012  It was the first UFC event ever held at the arena UFC Fight Night: Jacaré vs  Hermansson (also known as UFC Fight Night 150 or UFC on ESPN+ 8) took place at the arena on April 27, 2019  It was the first time UFC returned to the arena since 2012 
The arena hosted an exhibition boxing match between Floyd Mayweather Jr  and John Gotti III, on June 11, 2023 

Professional wrestling
WCW Bash At The Beach - July 11, 1999
WWF Armageddon – December 12, 1999
WWE Armageddon – December 15, 2002

Rodeo
The Professional Bull Riders brought their Built Ford Tough Series tour to the BB&T Center in September 2005 for a bull riding event, which was won by Kody Lostroh (who ultimately became the Rookie of the Year that same year) 

Other events
On May 23, 2008, Senator Barack Obama held a rally as part of his presidential primary campaign 
Several months later on October 29, Obama returned to the arena to hold a rally as part of his presidential campaign  The rally was presented as a paid programm airing on several major broadcast and cable networks live 
On August 10, 2016, Candidate Donald Trump held a rally as part of his presidential campaign 
On February 21, 2018, the venue hosted a CNN town hall meeting on gun control in response to the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting that occurred a week earlier; it was attended by 7,000 people, including survivors of the shooting and relatives of the victims 
On June 27, 2018, rapper XXXTentacion's fan memorial and public funeral was held at the arena 
On November 26, 2019, President Donald Trump held a campaign rally 

Regular events
In addition to the Panthers, the arena was formerly home to the Florida Pit Bulls of the American Basketball Association, the Miami Caliente of the Lingerie Football League, and the Florida Bobcats of the AFL, along with the only season of the Florida ThunderCats  This arena also serves as the host for the Orange Bowl Basketball Classic held every December in conjunction with the namesake college football game 

Arena information
Seating
Basketball: 20,737
Hockey: 19,250
End-Stage Concerts: 15,207 – 23,000
Center-Stage Concerts: 25,000
17,000 square feet (1,600 m2) of arena floor space for trade shows and other events such as circuses and ice shows 

Parking and loading docks
Total: 7,045 spaces (Does not include production or bus/oversized vehicle parking)
General parking: 4,787 Spaces
Suite/club seat parking: 1,430 spaces
Garage: 226 spaces
Disabled parking: 90 spaces
Event staff: 512 spaces
Truck doors: 5
Waste removal docks: 2

Food and novelty concessions
Plaza Level: 3 food courts and Pantherland Retail
Mezzanine Level: 3 food courts and two points of purchase kiosks
Passage 9:
58th National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 2011 National Hockey League All-Star Game (also known as the 2011 National Hockey League All-Star Game presented by Discover) was played on January 30, 2011  The game took place at the RBC Center in Raleigh, home of the Carolina Hurricanes  Originally, the Game was supposed to be hosted by the Phoenix Coyotes, but due to ownership issues, the NHL decided to move the game  After bidding for the game reopened, it was awarded to Carolina and fulfilled a nine-year-old promise made to the franchise by NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman 
The 2011 version of the All-Star Game featured a break from the traditional way in which teams were organized  Instead of using conferences or player nationalities as in the past, teams were selected by captains in a fantasy draft days prior to the game  Fans still elected players to the All-Star Game, but instead of the traditional 12 starters (six for each team), they elected only six players, with the remaining 36 players involved in the game selected by the NHL  Sidney Crosby received the most votes of any player, but due to a concussion he was unable to participate in the game  The participating players voted for team captains, selecting Nicklas Lidstrom of the Detroit Red Wings and Eric Staal of the Hurricanes 
Staal won the first pick in the draft and selected longtime teammate Cam Ward, while the Toronto Maple Leafs' Phil Kessel was the last player chosen  The annual SuperSkills Competition was held the night before the Game and featured Alexander Ovechkin winning his third consecutive Breakaway Challenge  In addition, Zdeno Chara broke his own SuperSkills Competition record for hardest shot at 105 9 mph (170 4 km/hr)  Team Staal won the contest 33–22 
Team Lidstrom won the game 11–10, the 21 combined goals was the fourth highest total scored in an NHL All-Star Game  The first Penalty shot in All-Star Game history was called after Ovechkin threw his stick to break-up a Matt Duchene breakaway  Registering one goal and two assists, Patrick Sharp of the losing Team Staal won the Most Valuable Player Award  Jeff Skinner was the youngest player to ever play in an NHL All-Star Game  Shea Weber recorded four assists, making him only the second defenceman to accomplish the feat in one All-Star Game  Fellow defenceman Lidstrom registered a +7 rating, the highest in an All-Star Game since 1991  Winning goaltender Tim Thomas became the first goaltender in NHL history to win three consecutive All-Star Games  This had been the first NHL All-Star Game since the 2009 season, since there wasn't one in 2010 due to the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada the first time in an NHL Market 

Background
The 58th National Hockey League All-Star Game was originally scheduled to be hosted by the Phoenix Coyotes at Jobing com Arena in Glendale, Arizona  However, due to the ongoing bankruptcy case, potential ownership changes in the Coyotes organization, and the possibility of relocation, the NHL decided to reopen bidding to host the game  In the bidding process, 14 teams made bids for All-Star Games or NHL Drafts for the next three years  Out of all the bids, the NHL chose the Carolina Hurricanes to be the new host team and on April 7, 2010, the announcement was made by NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman and Hurricanes President and General Manager Jim Rutherford The awarding of the All-Star Game fulfilled a nine-year-old promise Bettman made to the city of Raleigh  In 2001, he promised the organization that they would host an All-Star Game if the season ticket base reached 12,000  After reaching that plateau, Bettman indicated that other community assets were still required to secure a bid  Most notably, a proper convention center for ancillary events was needed, along with a four-star hotel, which was completed in 2009 with the new Raleigh Convention Center and adjoining Raleigh Marriott City Center in downtown Raleigh Three months after receiving the All-Star Game, the Hurricanes unveiled the logo for the 2011 game  The logo was designed with some homage to the host team and city hidden within it  The shape of the logo is similar to the Hurricanes primary logo, along with the team colors of red, black and silver  The banners at the top and bottom of the logo are inspired by the state flag of North Carolina The NHL and the city of Raleigh also presented a three-day festival to coincide with All-Star weekend called NHL All-Star Wide Open  The festivities include a series of free concerts, headlined by the band 3 Doors Down, interactive games and attractions, special appearances, Hockey Hall of Fame trophy and memorabilia displays, pin trading and trading card zones and a street party similar to the city's own annual festival, Raleigh Wide Open  There was also a charity 5K fun run, starting and ending at RBC Center with the Carolina Hurricanes "Kids 'N Community Foundation" being the beneficiary of the raised funds 

New format
On November 10, 2010, the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA) unveiled a new format for selecting the NHL All-Star teams: the traditional conference format was replaced by a "fantasy draft " Fans voted for six players, from either conference (three forwards, two defencemen and one goaltender), and the NHL selected another 36 players, for a total of 42 players  The chosen players then appointed two captains; the NHL and NHLPA, with input from the players, named two alternate captains for each team  Each team had two forwards and one defenceman as its captain and alternates  The captains and alternates selected their team members in a fantasy-style draft held on January 28, 2011  The first pick was determined by a coin toss, with alternating picks after the first  Teams consisted of three goaltenders, six defencemen and 12 forwards  Although the draft rules did not dictate a strict order in which positions had to be filled, to guarantee the final picks were not constrained by having to satisfy roster composition rules, the teams' three goaltenders had to be chosen by the end of round ten, and all defencemen had to be chosen by the end of round 15  According to NHL Vice President of Hockey and Business Development Brendan Shanahan, the new format was introduced to add excitement and intrigue into all the events, while make it more fun for everyone involved For 2011, the NHL eliminated the YoungStars Game which had been played in the previous five All-Star weekends  However, rookies were still featured at the Super Skills Competition  A group of 12 Calder Trophy-eligible players were split into two groups of six  At the conclusion of the fantasy draft's 15th round, one rookie was selected from the 12 to choose which team his group would join for the competition This was the first time the traditional "East vs  West" format was not used since 2002, when the World All-Star Team defeated North America 8–5 in Los Angeles 

Uniforms
The All-Star uniforms that debuted in this game featured a unique striping pattern coming from the back of the shoulders going down the arms  As the main stripe crossed below the elbow, it, and the radiating stripes coming from it, switched from the back of the sleeves to the front  The front of the jersey also featured the player's number between the collar and the large NHL crest, an unusual placement for a uniform number  Team Staal wore white uniforms with red trim, while Team Lidstrom wore navy blue uniforms with lighter blue trim  These uniforms would return for the next All-Star Game 

The Guardian Project
During the All-Star weekend, the NHL announced a new "superhero franchise", The Guardian Project  Created by comic book writer Stan Lee, the project featured 30 new superheroes representing the 30 NHL teams, all which were unveiled at the All-Star Game  The goal of the project was to appeal to pre-teen and teenage boys in hopes of bringing in "new audience to the NHL, while engaging the existing, established hockey fan base through a compelling tale of good vs  evil "

Voting
One hundred players were chosen to be on the ballot for the All-Star Game (minimum of two players from each team), but fans were also given the option to write in any player who was not listed  Ballots were all digital for the fourth consecutive time, giving fans the ability to cast votes online at NHL com and Facebook  Votes could also be cast via text messages from mobile devices and Smartphone users could vote by way of a mobile ballot feature  The NHL put no limitation on the number of votes an individual could cast  When fan balloting ended, 14 3 million votes had been cast and the top six were named to the All-Star Game  The six top vote recipients were from only two teams, the Pittsburgh Penguins (4) and Chicago Blackhawks (2)  Individually, Sidney Crosby led all players with 635,509 votes, while teammate Kris Letang was elected as a write-in candidate  The six players elected by the fans are listed below with their vote totals 

Draft
After naming the remaining All-Stars, each player voted for team captains  The players selected the 12-time All-Star, Nicklas Lidstrom, and the captain of the host Carolina Hurricanes, Eric Staal  Lidstrom was assigned the home blue uniforms while Staal received the away whites  The NHL further named their alternate captains, placing Ryan Kesler and Mike Green with Staal while Patrick Kane and Martin St  Louis joined Team Lidstrom  Prior to the draft, the NHL determined head coaches for the teams via a coin toss  Chicago's Joel Quenneville and his assistant, Mike Haviland, were named coaches as a result of winning the Stanley Cup last year  Philadelphia Flyers Head Coach Peter Laviolette and the Vancouver Canucks' Alain Vigneault earned the distinction by having the highest winning percentage through January 8, 2011  After the coin toss, Quenneville was assigned to Team Staal, while Laviolette and Vigneault were given Team Lidstrom Team Staal won the first pick in the draft, and Eric Staal chose longtime teammate Cam Ward with his first pick  With the fifth pick in the draft, Team Staal selected Daniel Sedin  His twin brother Henrik was taken with the next pick by Team Lidstrom  The All-Star Game marked the first time the two have ever played against each other in an organized game  Throughout the draft, Eric Staal selected players that had a personal connection with him  He selected his brother, Rangers defenceman Marc Staal, in the seventh round, fellow Thunder Bay native Patrick Sharp in the eighth round, and teammate Jeff Skinner in the 11th round  The last player selected was Toronto's Phil Kessel  As a reward for being the last selection, he was given a new car and $20,000 was given to the charity of his choice  Kessel stated he would put the money toward a cancer charity he became involved with in 2006 when he was battling testicular cancer  When the time came for the rookies to decide which team they would participate in the skills competition, Taylor Hall, who won the right via a puck flip, chose Team Lidstrom for his group  All players were allowed to wear the numbers they use in their respective teams  For Team Lidstrom, Henrik Sedin and Dustin Byfuglien both wore number 33, while Brad Richards and Steven Stamkos wore number 91  Team Staal had three pairs having same number: Patrick Sharp and Corey Perry with number 10, Daniel Sedin and Dan Boyle with number 22 and Paul Stastny and Patrik Elias with number 26  The complete team rosters are listed below with players appearing in the order in which they were chosen 

Withdrawn
Prior to the draft several players withdrew due to injury or, in the case of Jarome Iginla, family concerns 

SuperSkills Competition
The SuperSkills competition began with the Fastest Skater competition, where the competitors skated one lap around the rink  The winner of each round earned a point for their team  The opening round was skated backwards, followed by each team's rookie representative  Then two goaltenders skated off before returning to the traditional form  Following preliminary rounds the two fastest competitors from each team faced off in a final round, where Michael Grabner defeated Taylor Hall earning two points for Team Staal  The Breakaway Challenge featured six players (three from each team) taking four shoot-out attempts  Fans voted for the winner via text message  The winner earned four points for his team  Second place was awarded three points and third received one point  Alexander Ovechkin won by a wide margin defeating second place P  K  Subban by over 17 percentage points, it was the third consecutive win in the competition by Ovechkin  Loui Eriksson finished third to round out the point earners from the competition  The Shooting Accuracy featured two players shooting targets in the four corners of the net  Winners were determined by the fastest player to hit all four targets  Daniel Sedin hit all four targets on four shots in his first round setting the overall fastest time hitting them all in just 7 3 seconds  He followed that up by hitting four in five shots during the final round to defeat the Blackhawks' Patrick Kane Following Shooting Accuracy, both teams participated in the Skills Challenge Relay  Each team broke into two groups and went through a series of drills designed to showcase players' skills  It started with one timers, then proceeded to passing, where a single player had to complete a pass into six small nets  From there it went to the Puck Control Relay, having a participant skate through a series of cones with a puck  Another player then took on the Stick Handling drill, controlling a puck through a series of stationary pucks  The relay ended when a final player completed the Shooting Accuracy, again hitting all four targets  The two groups from Team Lidstrom finished first and third in the competition, gaining their team a total of five points  During the Hardest Shot competition reigning champion Zdeno Chara was defeated in his preliminary round match up by Shea Weber  In the final round, Chara again matched up with Weber  Chara successfully defended his title by defeating Weber with a shot registering 105 9 mph  The speed set a new SuperSkills record surpassing his own record and marking the fourth time he has won the event  Despite being down by a large margin prior to the Elimination Shootout, Team Lidstrom still had an opportunity to win the contest  Players continued to shoot provided they scored – scoring one point per goal, until only one player remained  However, the shoot-out was won by Team Staal's Corey Perry as he was the only player to score in all three of his attempts  The full results are listed below 

Game play
The scoring started early in the game as Team Staal's Alexander Ovechkin scored the game's first goal in just 50 seconds into the first period  When he took his first shift Jeff Skinner officially became the youngest player to play in an All-Star game (18 years, 259 days) surpassing the mark set in 1984 by Steve Yzerman by eight days  By the time Claude Giroux scored, less than five minutes later, Team Staal had opened up a 4–0 lead  Team Lidstrom's Marc-Andre Fleury allowed the four goals on only nine shots while his counterpart Cam Ward stopped the first four shots he faced  The tide turned a little over halfway through the first period when Anze Kopitar scored on a backhand shot  Team Lidstrom completed the first period comeback with under four minutes left in the period when Eriksson and Matt Duchene scored 23 seconds apart to tie the game at four  Team Lidstrom finished the period scoring on four of their final ten shots Team Staal recaptured the lead early in the second with goals by Patrick Sharp and Kris Letang  They were unable to hold the lead though as Team Lidstrom tied the game at six with a second goal from Kopitar and one by Steven Stamkos  They quickly took their first lead on a goal by Daniel Briere just 1:20 later, ending the period up 7–6 Early in the third period Eric Staal tied the game at seven with his first goal of the game  Minutes later Duchene got a breakaway, but before he could take a shot, Ovechkin threw his stick at the puck, resulting in the first penalty shot in All-Star game history, and only the third penalty assessed during the past ten years of All-Star competition  Duchene took the shot against Henrik Lundqvist, who stopped the attempt  Kris Letang scored shortly after the penalty shot to give back the lead to Team Staal  Briere scored a little over a minute later assisted by Weber and Henrik Sedin to re-tie the game  Weber's assist was his fourth of the game making him the second defenceman in history to record four assists in an All-Star Game (Ray Bourque, 1985)  Team Lidstrom added two more goals before Rick Nash scored to cut the deficit to one  With about a minute and a half left in the game, Team Staal pulled their goaltender for the extra attacker  The decision backfired as Eriksson scored on the empty net with 1:11 remaining  Eric Staal scored with 33 6 seconds remaining to bring his team back within one goal, but they failed to get another shot on goal before time ran out  By coming back from a four-goal deficit to win the game Team Lidstrom set the record for biggest comeback victory in All-Star history  Lidstrom finished the game with a +7 rating, the highest rating since 1991 when Adam Oates was also a +7 for the Wales Conference  Tim Thomas earned the victory becoming the first goaltender to win three straight All-Star Games  Patrick Sharp was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) after registering one goal and two assists in a losing cause for Team Staal  The combined 21 goals was the fourth highest total in NHL All-Star Game history 

Summary
W – Tim Thomas
L – Henrik Lundqvist

KeyPlayer1 (Player2, Player3) 1:00 denotes that Player1 scored a goal after 1:00, with assists from Player2 and Player3 
GWG denotes the game-winning goal 
EN denotes an empty net goal
W denotes the goaltender awarded the win 
L denotes the goaltender assigned the loss Source: NHL

Notes
^ A: Briere was named as a replacement for Iginla ^ B: Yandle was named as a replacement for Enstrom ^ C: Havlat was named as a replacement for Hemsky ^ D: Stastny was named as a replacement for Crosby ^ E: Skinner was named as a replacement for Malkin ^ F: McBain replaced Eberle on the rookie team ^ G: Subban was named as a replacement for Skinner who was promoted from the rookie team to the All-Star Game ^ H: Chara's shot was 105 9 mph (170 4 km/hr), a new record 
Passage 10:
23rd National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 23rd National Hockey League All-Star Game was held in the St  Louis Arena in St  Louis, home of the St  Louis Blues, on January 20, 1970  It was the first time the All-Star Game was held at the St  Louis Arena  The East Division All-Stars defeated the West Division All-Stars 4–1  Bobby Hull was named the game's most valuable player 
It was also the first NHL All-Star Game carried live on American network television, airing on CBS 

League business
Clarence Campbell, president of the NHL, announced that the NHL All-Star Game will be held in Boston in 1971, in Minnesota in 1972, and in New York City in 1973  He also announced that the NHL would expand to Buffalo and Vancouver for the next season 

The game
It was the first time the game had been held outside of the Stanley Cup champion's home rink since the 1948 game in Chicago  Brad Park, Bobby Clarke and Tony Esposito were the only three players making their first appearance in the game  Clarke was substituting for Phil Goyette, who had a knee injury 

Summary
Source: Podnieks

Team lineups
See also
1969–70 NHL season
Context 2: Passage 1:
Mirtemir
Mirtemir Tursunov (Uzbek: Миртемир Турсунов) (May 30, 1910 - January 25, 1978) most commonly known simply as Mirtemir, was an Uzbek poet and literary translator  In addition to writing his own poetry, Mirtemir translated the works of many famous foreign poets, such as Abai Qunanbaiuli, Aleksandr Pushkin, Heinrich Heine, Magtymguly Pyragy, Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Lermontov, Nâzım Hikmet, Nikolay Nekrasov, Pablo Neruda, Samad Vurgun, and Shota Rustaveli into the Uzbek language Mirtemir became a National Poet of the Uzbek SSR in 1971  He received many other awards for his works, including the State Berdaq Prize (1977) and the State Hamza Prize (1979)  In 2002, Mirtemir was posthumously awarded the National Order of Merit (Uzbek: Buyuk xizmatlari uchun), one of independent Uzbekistan's most prestigious awards 

Life and work
Mirtemir Umarbekovich Tursunov was born on May 30, 1910, in the village of Ikan, Turkistan  In 1932, Mirtemir graduated from the Pedagogical University of Samarkand with a degree in literature 
Mirtemir's first collection of poems, Shuʼlalar qoʻynida (Under the Lights) was published in 1928  His other collections of poetry include Zafar (Victory) (1929), Qaynashlarim (My Rages), Bong (The Clamor) (1932), and Poytaxt (The Capital) (1936) 
Mirtemir translated the works of many famous foreign poets, such as Abai Qunanbaiuli, Aleksandr Pushkin, Berdaq, Heinrich Heine, Magtymguly Pyragy, Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Lermontov, Nâzım Hikmet, Nikolay Nekrasov, Pablo Neruda, Samad Vurgun, and Shota Rustaveli into Uzbek  In particular, he translated Who is Happy in Russia? of Nikolay Nekrasov and The Man in the Panther's Skin of Shota Rustaveli into Uzbek  He also translated the Kyrgyz epic poem Manas 
An example of his work, written originally in Cyrillic alphabet:
This is my mother tongue, the language of my dear mother  It permeated my soul and ear since I was in the cradle  This is the language of my people, my homeland, and my folks  In life time it is as old as mother earth 
Mirtemir died in Tashkent on 25 January 1978, at the age of 67 
Passage 2:
Lavinia exilicauda
The hitch (Lavinia exilicauda) is a cyprinid fish endemic to central California, and was once very common  The common name may derive from a Pomoan word for this species  It is the only species in the monospecific genus Lavinia 

Taxonomy
The hitch was first formally described in 1854 by Spencer Fullerton Baird and Charles Frédéric Girard with its type locality given as the Sacramento River in California  While the hitch is closely related to the California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus), and the two species can hybridize, leading some authorities to place H  symmetricus in Lavinia, genomic data appear to support the fishes' separate lineages  The Lavinia genus has been placed in the subfamily Leuciscinae of the family Cyprinidae in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World  Other authorities classify the Leuciscidae as a family and place the genus Lavinia in the subfamily Laviniinae of that family Three distinct population segments (DPS) or subspecies of the hitch are recognized:

Clear Lake hitch (chi in Pomoan language)
Monterey hitch (Salinas hitch, Pajaro hitch)
Sacramento hitch (Central Valley hitch)These common names or DPS correspond to the subspecies Lavinia exilicauda chi Hopkirk, 1974, Lavinia exilicauda harengus Girard, 1856: 183–184  and Lavinia exilicauda exilicauda Baird and Girard in Girard, 1854,: 137  respectively 

Description
The hitch shape is deep and laterally compressed, with a small head, and a terminal mouth pointing upwards  They are generally silver all over; younger fish have a black spot at the base of the tail, losing it as they age, and becoming generally darker as well  The anal fin is noticeably longer than for other California minnows, with 11-14 rays, while the dorsal fin has 10-13 rays, and is placed further back, the base being positioned between pelvic and anal fins  The tail fin is large and deeply forked  They can get large for minnows, with lengths of up to 36 cm   All of these features make them look much like the golden shiner  The hitch is closely related to the California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus complex), and these taxa can hybridize with each other Hitch are omnivores of the open water, eating a combination of filamentous algae, insects, and zooplankton  They can be found in lakes, sloughs, and slow-moving sections of rivers and streams  With the highest temperature tolerance among the native fish of the Central Valley, they can be found in both warm and cool water; they also have considerable salt tolerance, for instance occurring in Suisun Marsh (7-8 ppt salinity), and Salinas River lagoon (9 ppt) 

Distribution
Their range includes the Sacramento River-San Joaquin River System of the Central Valley, the Russian River, Clear Lake, Pajaro River, and Salinas River  Although once abundant, but no longer commercially fished in Clear Lake, populations have been declining  The most likely cause appears to be loss of springtime spawning water flows due to water diversion and damming 

Conservation
The Clear Lake hitch was listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act in 2014 

Notes
Passage 3:
UEA Creative Writing Course
The University of East Anglia's Creative Writing Course was founded by Sir Malcolm Bradbury and Sir Angus Wilson in 1970  The M A  is widely regarded as the most prestigious and successful in the country  and competition for places is notoriously tough The course is split into four strands: Prose, Creative Non-Fiction, Poetry and Scriptwriting (which is Skillset accredited)  All four result in an M A  qualification upon successful completion of the course  The Course Directors are currently Andrew Cowan, Kathryn Hughes, Lavinia Greenlaw and Val Taylor respectively  Course tutors include Amit Chaudhuri, Trezza Azzopardi, Giles Foden, Tobias Jones, James Lasdun, Jean McNeil, Margaret Atwood and George Szirtes 
Writers such as Angela Carter, Rose Tremain, Andrew Motion, W  G  Sebald, Michèle Roberts and Patricia Duncker have also taught on the course 
Writers-in-residence have included Alan Burns and Margaret Atwood 

Notable alumni
Nobel Prize winners
Kazuo Ishiguro (MA, 1980), 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate

Booker Prize winners
Anne Enright (MA, 1987), 2007 Booker Prize winner for The Gathering
Kazuo Ishiguro (MA, 1980), 1989 Booker Prize winner for The Remains of the Day
Ian McEwan (MA, 1971), 1998 Booker Prize winner for Amsterdam

Costa Book Award winners
Tash Aw (MA, 2003), Whitbread Book Award winner in the 2005 First Novel category for The Harmony Silk Factory
Susan Fletcher (MA, 2002), Whitbread Book Award winner in the 2004 First Novel category for Eve Green
Adam Foulds (MA, 2000), Costa Book Award winner in the 2008 Poetry category for The Broken Word
Emma Healey (MA, 2011), Costa Book Award winner in the 2014 First Novel category for Elizabeth is Missing
Andrew Miller (MA, 1991), Costa Book Award winner in the 2011 Novel category for Pure
Monique Roffey (BA, 1987), Costa Book Award winner in the 2020 Novel category for The Mermaid of Black Conch
Christie Watson (MA, 2009), Costa Book Award winner in the 2011 First Novel category for Tiny Sunbirds Far Away

Women's Prize for Fiction winners
Naomi Alderman (MA, 2003), 2017 Women's Prize for Fiction winner for The Power
Rose Tremain (BA, 1967), 2008 Women's Prize for Fiction winner for The Road Home

Betty Trask Award & Prize winners
Rowan Hisayo Buchanan (PHD, 2019) 2017 Betty Trask Award winner for Harmless Like You
Sam Byers (MA, 2003; PHD, 2014) 2014 Betty Trask Award winner for Idiopathy
Anthony Cartwright (BA, 1996) 2004 Betty Trask Award winner for The Afterglow
Helen Cross (MA, 1997) 2002 Betty Trask Award winner for My Summer of Love
Suzannah Dunn (MA, 1989) 1991 Betty Trask Award winner for Quite Contrary
Susan Elderkin (MA, 1994) 2000 Betty Trask Award winner for Sunset Over Chocolate Mountains
Diana Evans (MA, 2003) 2005 Betty Trask Award winner for 26a
Susan Fletcher (MA, 2002) 2005 Betty Trask Prize winner for Eve Green
Adam Foulds (MA, 2000) 2007 Betty Trask Award winner for The Truth About These Strange Times
Imogen Hermes Gowar (MA, 2014) 2019 Betty Trask Award winner for The Mermaid and Mrs Hancock
Emma Healey (MA, 2011) 2015 Betty Trask Award winner for Elizabeth is Missing
Paul Houghton (MA, 1987) 1989 Betty Trask Award winner for Harry's Last Wedding
Anjali Joseph (MA, 2008; PHD, 2013) 2011 Betty Trask Prize winner for Saraswati Park
Frances Liardet (MA, 1998) 1994 Betty Trask Award winner for The Game
Nicola Monaghan (MA, 2018) 2006 Betty Trask Award winner for The Killing Jar
Glenn Patterson (MA, 1986) 1988 Betty Trask Award winner for Burning Your Own
Natasha Pulley (MA, 2012) 2017 Betty Trask Award winner for The Watchmaker of Filigree Street
Phil Whitaker (MA, 1996) 1998 Betty Trask Award winner for Eclipse of the Sun

James Tait Black Memorial Prize winners
Ian McEwan (MA, 1971) James Tait Black Memorial Prize winner in the 2005 Fiction category for Saturday
Andrew Miller (MA, 1991) James Tait Black Memorial Prize winner in the 1997 Fiction category for Ingenious Pain
Rose Tremain (BA, 1967) James Tait Black Memorial Prize winner in the 1993 Fiction category for Sacred Country

Other alumni
Nicholas Allan (MA, 1981), children's author
Mona Arshi (MA, 2012), Forward Prize-winning poet
Trezza Azzopardi (MA, 1998), novelist
Martyn Bedford (MA, 1994), novelist
Brett Ellen Block (MA, 1998), author
Peter Bowker (MA, 1991), screenwriter
John Boyne (MA, 1996), novelist
Aifric Campbell (MA, 2003), writer
Tracy Chevalier (MA, 1994), historical novelist
Judy Corbalis (MA, 1990), novelist
Andrew Cowan (MA, 1985), novelist
Fflur Dafydd (MA, 2000), writer
Donna Daley-Clarke (MA, 2001), novelist
Louise Doughty (MA, 1987), novelist
Joe Dunthorne (MA, 2005), novelist
Oliver Emanuel (MA, 2002), playwright
Stephen Finucan (MA, 1996), short story writer
David Flusfeder (MA, 1988), author
Bo Fowler (MA, 1995), novelist
Ruth Gilligan (MA, 2011), writer
Tim Guest (MA, 1999), author
Stephanie Hale (MA, 1993), writer
Mohammed Hanif (MA, 2005), writer
Jane Harris (MA, 1992), novelist and screenwriter
Alix Hawley (MA, 2002), novelist
Kathryn Hughes (MA, 1987), historian
Naomi Ishiguro (MA, 2018), short story writer and novelist
Mick Jackson (MA, 1992), novelist
Christopher James (MA, 2000), poet
Panos Karnezis (MA, 2000), novelist
Larissa Lai (MA, 2001), novelist
Hernán Lara Zavala (MA 1981), novelist
Joanna Laurens (MA, 2003), playwright
Ágnes Lehóczky (MA, 2006), poet
Toby Litt (MA, 1995), novelist
Philip MacCann (MA), writer
Deirdre Madden (MA, 1985), novelist
Robert McGill (MA, 2002), writer
Sarah Emily Miano (MA, 2002), author
Neel Mukherjee (MA, 2001), writer
Paul Murray (MA, 2001), novelist
Sandra Newman (MA, 2002), writer
Kathy Page (MA, 1988), novelist
Christine Pountney (MA, 1997), author
Dina Rabinovitch (MA, 2000), journalist and writer
Ben Rice (MA, 2000), novelist
Eliza Robertson (MA, 2012), author
Tom Saunders (MA, 1987), author
Anthony Sattin (MA, 1984), writer
Simon Scarrow (MA, 1992), author
James Scudamore (MA, 2004), novelist
Owen Sheers (MA, 1998), author, poet and playwright
Jeremy Sheldon (MA, 1996), novelist
Robert Sheppard (MA, 1979), poet
Kathryn Simmonds (MA, 2002), poet
Rob Magnuson Smith (MA 2010), novelist
Paul Stewart (MA, 1979), writer
Julia Stuart (MA, 2013), novelist
Todd Swift (MA, 2004), poet
Rebecca Tamás (PHD, 2017), poet and essayist
Sharlene Teo (MA, 2013), novelist
Mark Tilton (MA, 1997), screenwriter
Carol Topolski (MA, 2004), novelist
Erica Wagner (MA, 1991), author and literary editor of The Times
Craig Warner (MA, 2013), playwright and screenwriter
Matt Whyman (MA, 1992), novelist
Clare Wigfall (MA, 2000), writer
Luke Williams (MA, 2002), author
D  W  Wilson (MA, 2010), author
Jennifer Wong (MA, 2009), writer and poet
Yan Ge (MA, 2020), novelist

External links
UEA Creative Writing webpages
Passage 4:
International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award
The International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award is an award created in memory of Turkish poet Nâzım Hikmet Ran   The medal is awarded every two years to world poets and writers 

Nâzım Hikmet
A famous Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, memoirist, painter, public figure, International Peace Prize laureate and the founder of the Turkish revolutionary poetry, Nâzım Hikmet Ran was born on 15 January 1902 in Salonica  He was the son of an Ottoman government official and grew up in Anatolia  After briefly attending the Turkish naval academy, he studied economics and political science at the University of Moscow  Nazim Hikmet was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile  His poetry has been translated into more than fifty languages, plays have been staged in several countries gaining huge popularity 
Nazim Hikmet's first book of poetry was “Song of the Sun-drinkers”, published in Baku in 1928  Many of his works have been translated into English, including "Human Landscapes from My Country: An Epic Novel in Verse" (2009), "Things I Didn’t Know I Loved" (1975), "The Day Before Tomorrow" (1972), "The Moscow Symphony" (1970), and "Selected Poems" (1967)  In 1936 he published Seyh Bedreddin destani (“The Epic of Shaykh Bedreddin”) and Memleketimden insan manzaralari (“Portraits of People from My Land”)  In 1950 he won the Nobel Peace Prize 
Hikmet died of a heart attack in Moscow in 1963  As the first modern Turkish poet, he is recognized around the world as one of the great international poets of the twentieth century 

Nazim Hikmet Culture and Arts Foundation
After the death of Nazim Hikmet his close friends under the leadership of his sister Samia Yaltirim and Prof Dr Aydin Aybay decided to set up a foundation in his name  Due to his friends efforts, the “Nazim Hikmet Culture and Arts Foundation” was established by Samia Yaltirim in 1991 
The purpose of “Nazim Hikmet Culture and Arts Foundation” was to establish a center which will collect and introduce any articles, books, pictures, paintings, movies, music, sculpture, memorials and research about Nazim Hikmet to future generations 
In order to always cherish the memory of Nazim Hikmet, to ensure the dissemination of his works and to assess contribution of contemporary poets the foundation established "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" 

Award holders
The first winner of the "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" ceremony which held on January 14, 1995, considering the value of artistic and intellectual properties of works was Syrian poet Adonis, who is currently living in France 
The second winner of "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" was Aime Cesaire from Martinique in 1997  He won this award for explaining in detail the longing for freedom and equality of all oppressed people in the twentieth century 
The third winner of "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" was the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish in 2003  Then a next winner was the Danish poet Erik Stinus in 2009  Erik Stinus moves his readers away from the ironic character of Danish poetry  On the other hand, Stinus is a great poet of Western poetry who focuses on life and who bears witness to his era 
I
n recent years there have been some problems for nominating the "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" every two years, such as financial deficiencies and the attracting of voters from the international organization 
Finally, after a long time off, on February 7, 2014, due to the positive contribution towards Turkish World and the tenderness of his poetry, Zalimkhan Yagub was awarded with "International Nazim Hikmet Poetry Award" by The International Academy of Sciences of Turkish World Investigation   Zalimkhan Yaghub was the first poet from Azerbaijan who was honoured with that medal 

External links
Vilayat Jafar, “Friendship in the strange land”, Baku, 2005
A Ismayilov, “Nazim Hikmet's life and literary chronicle”
http://azer com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai131_folder/131_articles/131_poet_hikmet_nazim html
http://www nazimhikmet org tr/index2 asp
http://www azadliq org/content/article/25318044 html
Passage 5:
Lavinia Greenlaw
Lavinia Elaine Greenlaw (born 30 July 1962) is an English poet, novelist and non-fiction writer  She won the Prix du Premier Roman with her first novel and her poetry has been shortlisted for awards that include the T  S  Eliot Prize, Forward Prize and Whitbread Poetry Prize  She was shortlisted for the 2014 Costa Poetry Award for A Double Sorrow: A Version of Troilus and Criseyde  Greenlaw currently holds the post of Professor of Creative Writing (Poetry) at Royal Holloway, University of London 

Biography
Lavinia Greenlaw was born in London into a medical and scientific family, and has a sister and two brothers  When she was aged 11, the family moved from London to an Essex village, where they lived for seven years  This period Greenlaw has described as "an interim time", with "memories of time being arrested, nothing much happening "
Greenlaw went on to read modern arts at Kingston Polytechnic  She then studied at the London College of Printing and gained an MA in art history from the Courtauld Institute  She was employed as an editor at Imperial College of Science and Technology (1985–1986) and with the publishers Allison & Busby (1986–1987),  and subsequently with Earthscan (1988–90)  She also worked as an arts administrator for Southbank Centre (1990–1991) and the London Arts Board (1991–1994) 
Greenlaw's career as a freelance artist, critic and broadcaster began in 1994  She became the first artist-in-residence at the Science Museum (1994–1995), and has since held residences at the Royal Festival Hall, at a London solicitors' firm (1997–1998), and at the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)  In 2013 she won an Engagement Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust  Her sound work Audio Obscura was commissioned in 2011 by Artangel and Manchester International Festival, and heard at Manchester Piccadilly station in July 2011 and London St Pancras station in September and October 2011  It won the 2011 Ted Hughes Award for New Work in Poetry, the judges calling it "groundbreaking" Greenlaw taught at Goldsmiths College, University of London  She served as professor of creative writing at the University of East Anglia from 2007 to 2013, and as a visiting professor at King's College London (2015–2016) and Freie Universität Berlin (2017)  She currently holds the post of Professor of Creative Writing (Poetry) at Royal Holloway, University of London After judging the 2010 Manchester Poetry Prize, Greenlaw chaired in 2014 the judging panel for the inaugural Folio Prize  She is a Council member of the Royal Society of Literature and a former Chair of the Poetry Society Greenlaw has lived in London for most of her life 

Writing
Primarily a poet, Greenlaw has also written novels, short stories, plays and non-fiction  She has made radio documentaries  Her work for music includes the libretto for the opera Peter Pan composed by Richard Ayres (Staatsoper Stuttgart/Komische Oper Berlin/Welsh National Opera and Royal Opera House, 2015)  Publications for which she has written include the London Review of Books, The Guardian and The New Yorker, and in 2019 she was a contributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue Between East and West (Gingko Library) Her work draws on her interest in science and scientific enquiry and covers themes of displacement, loss and belonging  Critics have seen her poetry as remarkable for its precision; her best contain a complexity and elusiveness that lead them to "appreciate with each re-reading" Her biography notes: "She has written and adapted several dramas for radio, including Virginia Woolf's Night and Day, Hermann Hesse's The Glass Bead Game, and a series on malaria called Five Fever Tales  She has made documentaries about Emily Dickinson and Elizabeth Bishop and several programmes about light, including trips to the Arctic midsummer and midwinter, the Baltic, the darkest place in England, light in London, and the solstices and equinoxes "Greenlaw is also a memoirist  Kirkus Reviews summed up her 2007 coming-of-age book, The Importance of Music to Girls, by saying: "The taut, lyric thrum of Greenlaw's prose reflects her poet's skill    Well-written, bewitching and subtly dazzling " Some Answers Without Questions (2021), part memoir, part manifesto, was described by Hephzibah Anderson in The Observer as "a delight: approachable, rigorous and omnivorous in its frame of reference" 

Awards and recognition
Lavinia Greenlaw received an Eric Gregory Award in 1990, an Arts Council Writers' Award in 1995, a Cholmondeley Award, and a Society of Authors Travelling Scholarship  In 1994 she was chosen as one of 20 New Generation Poets, by a jury composed of Melvyn Bragg, Margaret Busby, Vicki Feather, Michael Longley, John Osborne and James Wood  In 1997, Greenlaw won the Forward Prize for Best Single Poem for "A World Where News Travelled Slowly", the title poem from her second main collection For her 2001 first novel, Mary George of Allnorthover, Greenlaw won the French Prix du Premier Roman  She has been shortlisted for a number of literary awards, including the Whitbread Book Award (now the Costa Book Awards) and the T  S  Eliot Prize for Poetry  Her sound work Audio Obscura won the 2011 Ted Hughes Award for New Work in Poetry  Her short story "We Are Watching Something Terrible Happening" was shortlisted for the BBC National Short Story Award 2013 

Selected works
The Cost of Getting Lost in Space (poetry), Turret Books, 1991, ISBN 978-0854690916
Love from a Foreign City (poetry), Slow Dancer Press, 1992, ISBN 978-1-871033-18-2
Night Photograph (poetry; shortlisted for Whitbread and Forward Poetry Prizes), Faber & Faber, 1993, ISBN 978-0-571-16894-1
A World Where News Travelled Slowly (poetry), Faber, 1997, ISBN 978-0571326358
Mary George of Allnorthover (novel; Prix du Premier Roman Etranger), Flamingo, 9 July 2001, ISBN 978-0-618-09523-0
Minsk (poetry; shortlisted for T  S  Eliot, Forward and Whitbread Poetry Prizes), Faber, 2003, ISBN 978-0-571-22271-1
Thoughts of a Night Sea (photographs by Garry Fabian Miller), Merrell, 2003, ISBN 978-1858942223
An Irresponsible Age (novel), Fourth Estate, 2006, ISBN 978-0-00-715629-0
The Importance of Music to Girls (memoir), Faber, 2007, ISBN 978-0-375-17454-4
The Casual Perfect (poetry), Faber, 2011, ISBN 978-0-571-27816-9
Questions of Travel: William Morris in Iceland (non-fiction), Notting Hill Editions, 2011, ISBN 978-190790318-2 
A Double Sorrow: Troilus and Criseyde (poetry), Faber, 2014, ISBN 978-0-571-28454-2
In the City of Love's Sleep (novel), Faber, 2018, ISBN 9780571337620
The Built Moment (poetry), Faber, 2019, ISBN 978-0-571-347100
Some Answers Without Questions (memoir/manifesto), Faber, 2021, ISBN 9780571368655

Translations
David J  Constantine; H  Constantine, eds  (24 October 2006)  After-Images:Modern Poetry in Translation  Translated by Lavinia Greenlaw; Tom Kuhn; Adrian Mitchell  MPT Books  ISBN 978-0-9545367-6-3 
Noshi Gillani (15 September 2008)  Poems  Translated by Lavinia Greenlaw  Enitharmon Press  ISBN 978-1-904634-75-1 

Television
Greenlaw appeared as a "talking head" on the BBC documentaries Top of the Pops: The Story of 1976 (2011) and The Joy of the Single (2012) 
Passage 6:
Nâzım Hikmet
Mehmed Nâzım Ran (15 January 1902 – 3 June 1963), commonly known as Nâzım Hikmet (Turkish: [naːˈzɯm hicˈmet] (listen)), was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director, and memoirist  He was acclaimed for the "lyrical flow of his statements"  Described as a "romantic communist" and a "romantic revolutionary", he was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile  His poetry has been translated into more than 50 languages 

Family
According to Nâzım Hikmet, he was of paternal Turkish and maternal German, Polish and Georgian descent  His mother came from a distinguished cosmopolitan family with predominantly-Circassian (Adyghe) roots, along with high social position and relations to the Polish nobility  From his father's side, he had Turkish heritage  His father, Hikmet Bey, was the son of Çerkes Nâzım Pasha, another Circassian, after whom Nâzım Hikmet was named 
Nazım’s maternal grandfather, Hasan Enver Pasha, was the son of the Polish-born Mustafa Celalettin Pasha and Saffet Hanım, the daughter, Omar Pasha, a Serbian, and Adviye Hanım, a Circassian who was the daughter of Çerkes Hafız Pasha 
Mustafa Celalettin Pasha (born Konstanty Borzęcki herbu Półkozic) wrote Les Turcs anciens et modernes ("The Ancient and Modern Turks") in Istanbul in 1869  That is considered one of the first works of Turkish nationalist political thought 
Nâzım Hikmet's maternal grandmother, Leyla Hanım, was the daughter of Mehmet Ali Pasha, of French Huguenot and German origin, and Ayşe Sıdıka Hanım, a daughter of Çerkes Hafız Paşa  Nâzım Hikmet and Celile Hanım's cousins included Oktay Rifat Horozcu, a leading Turkish poet, and the statesman Ali Fuat Cebesoy 

Early life
Nâzım was born on 15 January 1902, in Selânik (Salonica), where his father was serving as an Ottoman government official  He attended the Taşmektep Primary School in the Göztepe district of Istanbul and later enrolled in the junior high school section of the prestigious Galatasaray High School in the Beyoğlu district, where he began to learn French  However, in 1913, he was transferred to the Numune Mektebi, in the Nişantaşı district  In 1918, he graduated from the Ottoman Naval School on Heybeliada, one of the Princes' Islands, in the Sea of Marmara  His school days coincided with a period of political upheaval, during which the Ottoman government entered the First World War and was allied with Germany  For a brief period, he was assigned as a naval officer to the Ottoman Navy cruiser Hamidiye, but in 1919 he became seriously ill and was not being able to fully recover  That got him exempted from naval service in 1920 
In 1921, together with his friends Vâlâ Nureddin (Vâ-Nû), Yusuf Ziya Ortaç and Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, he went to İnebolu in Anatolia to join the Turkish War of Independence  From there he, together with Vâlâ Nûreddin, walked to Ankara, where the Turkish liberation movement was headquartered  In Ankara, they were introduced to Mustafa Kemal Pasha, later called Atatürk, who wanted the two friends to write a poem that would invite and inspire Turkish volunteers in Istanbul and elsewhere to join their struggle  The poem was much appreciated, and Muhittin Bey (Birgen) decided to appoint them as teachers to the Sultani (high college) in Bolu, rather than to send them to the front as soldiers  However, their communist views were not appreciated by the conservative officials in Bolu and so both of them decided to go to Batumi in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic to witness the results of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and arrived there on 30 September 1921  In July 1922, both friends went to Moscow, where Ran studied Economics and Sociology at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in the early 1920s  There, he was influenced by the artistic experiments of Vladimir Mayakovsky and Vsevolod Meyerhold, as well as the ideological vision of Vladimir Lenin 

Style and achievements
Despite writing his first poems in syllabic meter, Nazım Hikmet distinguished himself from the "syllabic poets" in concept  With the development of his poetic conception, the narrow forms of syllabic verse became too limiting for his style, and he set out to seek new forms for his poems 
He was influenced by the young Soviet poets who advocated Futurism  On his return to Turkey, he became the charismatic leader of the Turkish avant-garde by producing streams of innovative poems, plays and film scripts In Moscow in 1922, he broke the boundaries of syllabic meter, changed his form and began writing in free verse He has been compared by Turkish and non-Turkish men of letters to such figures as Federico García Lorca, Louis Aragon, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Pablo Neruda  Although Ran's work bears a resemblance to these poets and owes them occasional debts of form and stylistic device, his literary personality is unique in terms of the synthesis he made of iconoclasm and lyricism, of ideology and poetic diction : 19 Many of his poems have been set to music by the Turkish composer Zülfü Livaneli and by Cem Karaca  Part of his work has been translated into Greek by Yiannis Ritsos, and some of the translations have been arranged by the Greek composers Manos Loizos and Thanos Mikroutsikos 
Because of his political views, his works were banned in Turkey from 1938 to 1965 

Later life and legacy
Nâzım's imprisonment in the 1940s became a cause célèbre among intellectuals worldwide  A 1949 committee that included Pablo Picasso, Paul Robeson, and Jean-Paul Sartre campaigned for his release 
On 8 April 1950, Nâzım began a hunger strike to protest the Turkish Parliament's failure to include an amnesty law in its agenda before it closed for the upcoming general election  He was then transferred from the prison in Bursa, first to the infirmary of Sultanahmet Jail, in Istanbul, and later to Paşakapısı Prison  Seriously ill, Ran suspended his strike on 23 April, National Sovereignty and Children's Day  His doctor's request to treat him in hospital for three months was refused by officials  As his imprisonment status had not changed, he resumed his hunger strike on the morning of 2 May Nâzım's hunger strike caused a stir throughout the country  Petitions were signed and a magazine named after him was published  His mother, Celile, began a hunger strike on 9 May, followed by the renowned Turkish poets Orhan Veli, Melih Cevdet and Oktay Rıfat the next day  In light of the new political situation after the 1950 Turkish general election, held on 14 May, the strike ended five days later, on 19 May, Turkey's Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day, when he was finally released by a general amnesty law enacted by the new government On 22 November 1950, the World Council of Peace announced that Nâzım was among the recipients of the International Peace Prize, along with Pablo Picasso, Paul Robeson, Wanda Jakubowska and Pablo Neruda Later on, Nâzım escaped from Turkey to Romania on a ship via the Black Sea and from there moved to the Soviet Union  Because the Soviet bloc recognized the Turkish minority only in communist Bulgaria, the poet's books were immediately brought out in this country, both in Turkish originals and in Bulgarian translations  The communist authorities in Bulgaria celebrated him in Turkish and Bulgarian publications as 'a poet of liberty and peace ' The goal was to discredit Turkey presented as a "lackey of the imperialist" United States in the eyes of Bulgaria's Turkish minority, many of whom desired to leave for or were expelled to Turkey in 1950–1953 When the EOKA struggle broke out in Cyprus, Ran believed that its population could live together peacefully, and he called on the Cypriot Turks to support the Greek Cypriots' demand for an end to British rule and union with Greece (enosis)  Hikmet drew negative reaction from Turkish Cypriots for his opinions Persecuted for decades by the Turkey during the Cold War for his communist views, Nâzım died of a heart attack in Moscow on 3 June 1963 at 6 30 a m  while he was picking up a morning newspaper at the door of his summer house in Peredelkino, far away from his beloved homeland  He is buried in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery, where his tomb is still a place of pilgrimage for Turks and others from around the world  His final wish, which was never carried out, was to be buried under a plane tree (platanus) in any village cemetery in Anatolia His poems depicting the people of the countryside, villages, towns and cities of his homeland (Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları, "Human Landscapes from my Country"), as well as the Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı Destanı, i e  The Epic of the War of Independence"), and the Turkish revolutionaries (Kuvâyi Milliye, "Force of the Nation) are considered among the greatest literary works of Turkey After his death, the Kremlin ordered the publication of the poet's first-ever Turkish-language collected works in communist Bulgaria, where a large and recognized Turkish national minority still existed  The eight volumes of these collected works, Bütün eserleri, appeared at Sofia between 1967 and 1972, in the very last years of the existence of the Turkish minority educational and publishing system in Bulgaria 
Nâzım had Polish and Turkish citizenship  The latter was revoked in 1959 and restored in 2009  His family has been asked if it wanted his remains repatriated from Russia 

Patronage
During the 1940s, as he was serving his sentence at Bursa Prison, painted  There, he met a young inmate, İbrahim Balaban  Ran discovered Balaban's talent in drawing, gave all his paint and brushes to him, and encouraged him to continue with painting  Ran influenced the peasant and educated him, who had finished only a three-grade village school, in forming his own ideas in the fields of philosophy, sociology, economics, and politics  Ran greatly admired Balaban and referred to him in a letter to the novelist Kemal Tahir as "his peasant painter" (Turkish: Köylü ressam)  Their contact remained after they were released from the prison 

Selected works
"I Come and Stand at Every Door"
Nâzım's poem "Kız Çocuğu" ("The Girl Child") conveys a plea for peace from a seven-year-old girl, ten years after she perished in the atomic bomb attack at Hiroshima  It has achieved popularity as an anti-war message and has been performed as a song by a number of singers and musicians both in Turkey and elsewhere  It is also known in English by various other titles, including "I Come and Stand at Every Door", "I Unseen" and "Hiroshima Girl" 

Turkish
Zülfü Livaneli has performed a version of the original Turkish poem on his album Nazım Türküsü, which was later sung in Turkish by Joan Baez 
Fazıl Say included the poem in his Nazım oratorio in Turkish 

Bengali
Subhash Mukhopadhyay (poet) translated Hikmet's poems into Bengali  The poems are collected in two anthologies, Nirbachita Nazim Hikmet (1952)(Selected Poems of Nazem Hikmet) ISBN 81-7079-501-X and Nazem Hikmet er Aro Kobita (1974) (More Poems of Nazem Himet)  Some of the translations are available in open source 

Greek
Thanos Mikroutsikos, in the album Politika tragoudia (Political Songs, 1975) composed a series of Hikmet's poems, adapted in Greek by the poet Yiannis Ritsos 
Manos Loizos composed settings of some of Ran's poems, adapted in Greek by Yiannis Ritsos  They are included in the 1983 disc Grammata stin agapimeni (Letters to the Beloved One) 

English
The usual tune is a nontraditional melody composed by Jim Waters in 1954 to fit the lyrics of Child 113 ballad "The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry", which was recorded by American folksinger Joan Baez as "Silkie" on her second album Joan Baez, Vol  2 in 1961 
According to American activist folk musician Pete Seeger, Jeanette Turner did a loose English "singable translation" of the poem under a different title, "I Come And Stand At Every Door", and sent a note to Seeger asking "Do you think you could make a tune for it?" in the late 1950s  After a week of trial and failure, the English translation was used by Seeger in 1962 with an adaptation of "an extraordinary melody put together by a Massachusetts Institute of Technology student, James Waters, who had put a new tune to a mystical ballad 'The Great Silkie' which he could not get out of his head, without permission " Seeger wrote in Where Have All the Flowers Gone: "It was wrong of me  I should have gotten his permission  But it worked  The Byrds made a good recording of it, electric guitars and all " Seeger also used the track in his 1999 compilation album Headlines & Footnotes: A Collection Of Topical Songs  Seeger sang the song on 9 August 2013, the 68th anniversary of the Nagasaki atomic bombing, on a Democracy Now! interview 
British folk singer Harvey Andrews recorded a version under the title "Child of Hiroshima" (sometimes re-released as "Children of Hiroshima"), released on his eponymous debut EP in 1965 
The Byrds; the American rock band used the translation on their third album Fifth Dimension in 1966 
Roger McGuinn of the Byrds later recorded the song with its original lyrics as part of his Folk Den project 
The Misunderstood used the translation, changing the title to "I Unseen", on a 1969 UK Fontana single, later included in the 1997 anthology album Before The Dream Faded with their own tune 
Paul Robeson recorded the song as "The Little Dead Girl" with another translation The song was later covered by

Ivo Watts-Russell's supergroup, This Mortal Coil on their 1991 album Blood with vocals of Louise Rutkowski, Deirdre Rutkowski with Tim Freeman and 1983–1991 
The Fall on their 1997 album Levitate, albeit omitting the last verse and wrongly attributing writing credits to anon/J Nagle  "I Come and Stand at Your Door" listed as "Anon/Nagle", which is an interpretation of the song "I Come and Stand at Every Door"  "Jap Kid" is an instrumental version of this track 
Silent Stream Of Godless Elegy, a Moravian folk metal band, on their album Behind the Shadows in 1998 
Faith & Disease on their 1998 album Insularia 
Anne Hills on 1998 album Where Have All The Flowers Gone: The Songs of Peter Seeger 
Ibon Errazkin has an instrumental song with the same title on Esculea de arte 
Styrofoam aka Arne Van Petegem's EP and first US release, RR20, included an instrumental version of the traditional tune of "Great Silkie" with the same title 

Japanese
In 2005, famous Amami Ōshima singer Chitose Hajime collaborated with Ryuichi Sakamoto by translating "Kız Çocuğu" into Japanese, retitling it  Shinda Onna no Ko [死んだ女の子] "A dead girl")  It was performed live at the Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima on the eve of the 60th Anniversary (5 August 2005) of Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki  The song later appeared as a bonus track on Chitose's album Hanadairo in 2006 

Nepali
Some of Nâzım's poems are translated into Nepali by Suman Pokhrel and are published in print and online literary journals 

On the soldier worth 23 cents
How do you propose to get it? Do you want to get it through the cooperation of Turkey where the men in the ranks get 23 cents a month the first year and 32 cents the second year, or do you want to get an American division and equip it and send it over to Turkey which would cost you 10 times as much?
He also opposed the Korean War, in which Turkey participated  After the Senate address of John Foster Dulles, who served as U S  Secretary of State under President Dwight D  Eisenhower, where he valued Turkish soldiers at 23 cents a month compared with the lowest echelon U S  soldiers at $70, Nazım Hikmet Ran wrote a protest poem criticising the policies of the United States  This poem is titled "23 Sentlik Askere Dair" (On the soldier worth 23 cents) 

In popular culture
Nâzım's poem "We'll Give the Globe to the Children" was set to music in 1979 by Russian composer David Tukhmanov 
Tale of Tales is a Russian animated film (1979) partially inspired by Hikmet's poem of the same name 
Finnish band Ultra Bra recorded a song "Lähettäkää minulle kirjoja" ("Send me books")) based on a translated excerpt of Hikmet's poem "Rubai" 
The Ignorant Fairies is a 2001 Italian film, in which a book by Hikmet plays a central plot role 
Mavi Gözlü Dev (Blue Eyed Giant) is a 2007 Turkish biographical film about Nazım Hikmet  The title is a reference to the poem Minnacık Kadın ve Hanımelleri  The film chronicles Nazim Hikmet's imprisonment at Bursa Prison and his relationships with his wife Piraye and his translator and lover Münevver Andaç  He is played by Yetkin Dikinciler 
Hikmet's poem was quoted in the 2012 Korean drama Cheongdam-dong Alice 
The video game Suzerain opens with a quote from Hikmet, and the character Bernard Circas is based on him  The game has elements inspired by modern Turkish history 

Bibliography
Plays
Kafatası (1932, The Skull)
Unutulan Adam (1935, The Forgotten Man)
Ferhad ile Şirin 1965 (Ferhad and Şirin)
Lüküs Hayat (Luxurious Living) (as ghostwriter)

Ballet libretto
Legend of Love (by Arif Malikov) 1961

Novels
Yaşamak Güzel Şey Be Kardeşim (1967, Life's Good, Brother)
Kan Konuşmaz (1965, Blood Doesn't Tell)

Poems
"Taranta-Babu'ya Mektuplar" (1935, "Letters to Taranta-Babu")
"Simavne Kadısı Oğlu Şeyh Bedreddin Destanı" (1936, "The Epic of Sheikh Bedreddin")
"Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları" (1966–67, "Human Landscapes from My Country")
"Kurtuluş Savaşı Destanı" (1965, "The Epic of the War of Independence")

Poetry
İlk şiirler / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : Yapı Kredi, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0380-9
835 satır / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0373-6
Benerci kendini niçin öldürdü? / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0374-4
Kuvâyi Milliye / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0375-2
Yatar Bursa Kalesinde / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0376-0
Memleketimden insan manzaraları : (insan manzaraları) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : YKY, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0377-9
Yeni şiirler : (1951–1959) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0378-7
on şiirleri : (1959–1963) / Nâzım Hikmet, İstanbul : Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2002  ISBN 975-08-0379-5

Partial list of translated works in English
Selected Poems / Nâzim Hikmet; done into English by Taner Baybars  London, Cape Editions, 1967 
The Moscow Symphony and Other Poems / translated into English by Taner Baybars  Chicago: Swallow Press, 1971 
The day before tomorrow : poems / translated into English by Taner Baybars  South Hinksey, England : Carcanet Press, 1972  ISBN 0-902145-43-6
That Wall / Nâzım Hikmet; illustrations [by] Maureen Scott, London: League of Socialist Artists, 1973  ISBN 0-9502976-2-3
Things I didn't know I loved: selected poems / Nâzim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing & Mutlu Konuk  New York : Persea Books, 1975  ISBN 0-89255-000-7
Human Landscapes / by Nazim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk ; foreword by Denise Levertov, New York : Persea Books, c1982  ISBN 0-89255-068-6
Selected poetry / Nazim Hikmet; translated by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk, New York : Persea Books, c1986  ISBN 0-89255-101-1
Poems of Nazim Hikmet, trans  Randy Blasing & Mutlu Konuk  New York: Persea Books, 1994 (revised 2nd ed , 2002) 
Beyond the walls: selected poems / Nâzim Hikmet; translated by Ruth Christie, Richard McKane, Talât Sait Halman; introduction by Talât Sait Halman, London: Anvil Press Poetry, 2002  ISBN 0-85646-329-9
Life's Good, Brother / Nâzım Hikmet; translated by Mutlu Konuk Blasing, New York: W  W  Norton & Company, 2013  ISBN 978-0892554188

Partial list of translated works in other languages
Poesie / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Newton Compton, 2010  ISBN 978-88-541-2027-3
La conga con Fidel / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Fahrenheit 451, 2005  ISBN 978-88-86095-89-1
Il nuvolo innamorato e altre fiabe / Nâzım Hikmet, Giampiero Bellingeri (Trans ),  F  Negrin (Illustrator), Mondadori, 2003  ISBN 978-8804524892
De mooiste van Hikmet / Nâzım Hikmet, Koen Stassijns & Ivo van Strijtem (ed ), Perihan Eydemir & Joris Iven (Trans ), Lannoo | Atlas, 2003  ISBN 90-209-5266-8
Poesie d'amore / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Mondadori, 2002  ISBN 978-88-04-50091-9
Il neige dans la nuit et autres poèmes / Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans ), Güzin Dino (Trans ), Gallimard, 1999  ISBN 978-20-70329-63-2
Preso na Fortaleza de Bursa/Yatar Bursa Kalesinde, Leonardo da Fonseca (Trans ), In  (n t ) Revista Literária em Tradução nº 1 (set/2010), Fpolis/Brasil, ISSN 2177-5141
Vita del poeta / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Cattedrale, 2008  ISBN 978-88-95449-15-9
Paesaggi umani / Nâzım Hikmet, Joyce Lussu (Trans ), Fahrenheit 451, 1992  ISBN 978-88-86095-00-6
Gran bella cosa è vivere, miei cari / Nâzım Hikmet, F  Beltrami (Trans ), Mondadori, 2010  ISBN 978-88-04603-22-1
Poesie d'amore e di lotta / Nâzım Hikmet, G  Bellingeri (Editor), F  Beltrami (Trans ), F  Boraldo (Trans ), Mondadori, 2013  ISBN 978-88-04-62713-5
Les Romantiques (La vie est belle, mon vieux) / Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans ), Temps Actuels, 1982  ISBN 978-22-01015-75-5
La Joconde et Si-Ya-Ou / Nâzım Hikmet, Abidine Dino (Trans ), Parangon, 2004  ISBN 978-28-41901-14-2
Pourquoi Benerdji s'est-il suicidé? / Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans ), Aden Editions, 2005  ISBN 978-29-30402-12-3
Le nuage amoureux / Nâzım Hikmet, Münevver Andaç (Trans ), Gallimard Jeunesse Giboulées, 2013  ISBN 978-20-70648-89-4
Últimos poemas I (1959–1960–1961) / Nâzım Hikmet, Fernando García Burillo (Trans ), Ediciones Del Oriente Y Del Mediterráneo S L , 2000  ISBN 978-84-87198-60-1
Últimos poemas II (1962–1963): Poemas finales / Nâzım Hikmet, Fernando García Burillo (Trans ), Ediciones Del Oriente Y Del Mediterráneo S L , 2005  ISBN 978-84-87198-75-5
Poezje wybrane / Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans ), Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza, 1981  ISBN 978-83-20533-75-0
Romantyczność / Nâzım Hikmet, Aleksander Olecki (Trans ), Książka i Wiedza, 1965 
Allem-kallem: baśnie tureckie / Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans ), Elżbieta Gaudasińska (Trans ), Nasza Księgarnia, 1985  ISBN 831008515X
Zakochany obłok: baśń turecka / Nâzım Hikmet, Małgorzata Łabęcka-Koecherowa (Trans ), Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1987  ISBN 978-83-03016-35-5
 나쥠 히크메트 시선집 [Selected Poems of Nâzım Hikmet / Nâzım Hikmet] (in Korean (North Korea))  Translated by Paik, Sok; Chon, Chang-shik; Kim, Byong-wook  Pyongyang: National Press  Pyongyang  1956 
Legenda o miłości  Opowieść o Turcji / Nâzım Hikmet, Ewa Fiszer (Trans ), Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1954
Many of Hikmet's poems are translated into Nepali by Suman Pokhrel, and some are collected in an anthology tilled Manpareka Kehi Kavita 

See also
Abidin Dino
Orhan Kemal
Zülfü Livaneli
Fazıl Say
Behçet Necatigil
Passage 7:
Mehmed Ali Pasha (marshal)
Mehmed Ali Pasha (November 18, 1827 – September 7, 1878) was a Prussian-born Ottoman career officer and marshal  He was the grandfather of the Turkish statesman Ali Fuat Cebesoy, and the great-grandfather of famous poets Nâzım Hikmet and Oktay Rıfat Horozcu and the socialist activist, lawyer, and athlete Mehmet Ali Aybar 

Biography
Mehmed Ali was born as Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit (also known as Carl Detroy) in Magdeburg, Prussia  His parents were Carl Friedrich Detroit and Henriette Jeanette Severin  The French family name points to Huguenot ancestry, as a descendant of Protestant refugees from France in the 16th or 17th century  During his teenage years in 1843 he ran away to sea, and traveled to the Ottoman Empire, where he converted to Islam and was circumcised  There, in 1846, Âli Pasha, later Grand Vizier, sent him to a military school  He received a commission in the Ottoman Army in 1853 and fought against Russia in the Crimean War  He was made a brigadier general and Pasha in 1865 

In the 1877–1878 war against Russia, Mehmed Ali led the Turkish army in Bulgaria  He was successful in his operations on the Lom river (August–September 1877), but was afterward forced back by his opponents  He failed to effect a junction with Süleyman Hüsnü Pasha, and was superseded by the latter  Later in 1878 he was a participant at the Congress of Berlin 

Death
In August 1878, the Ottoman government selected him to overview the process of the cession of the Plav-Gucia region to Montenegro in compliance to the decisions of the Congress of Berlin  Mehmed Ali Pasha's first task was the pacification of the Albanian League of Prizren, which opposed the border change as part of the areas (Plav-Gucia/Plav-Gusinje) were inhabited by ethnic Albanians  He arrived in Kosovo in late August, attempting to make local Albanians comply with the Berlin Treaty but was blocked from any further movement towards the Ottoman-Montenegrin border by the local committees of the Albanian League  Stationed in Abdullah Pasha Dreni's estate in Gjakova with several Ottoman battalions he was killed on September 6 after a seven-day battle with several thousand Albanians opposing cession of Albanian inhabited lands to European powers 

Sources


== Family tree ==
Context 3: Passage 1:
Lewiston Maineiacs
The Lewiston Maineiacs were a junior ice hockey team of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League based in Lewiston, Maine, United States  The team played its home games at the Androscoggin Bank Colisée   They were the second QMJHL team in the United States, and the only one to play a full season  They won the President's Cup in 2007, becoming the only American based franchise to accomplish the feat 
On May 31, 2011, the QMJHL decided to fold the team following eight years of financial losses 

History
Their franchise was granted for the 1969–70 season  They played in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, from 1969 to 1992  They were known as the Ducs from 1969 to 1973, and as the Draveurs from 1973 to 1992  They moved to Sherbrooke, Quebec, in 1992 to become the Faucons (1992–1998) and the Castors (1998–2003)  The Castors moved to Lewiston, Maine, in 2003 
The MAINEiacs clinched the Jean Rougeau Trophy for first overall in the regular season for 2006–07  During the same season, Lewiston increased its annual attendance totals to 94,903 tickets sold  In the playoffs that year, Lewiston went 16–1 to cruise to their first President's Cup 

2007 Memorial Cup
After winning the 2007 President's Cup, the MAINEiacs won eligibility to play in the 2007 Memorial Cup in Vancouver, British Columbia  Following an opening win over the Medicine Hat Tigers, the MAINEiacs suffered a huge loss with the injury of their captain, Marc-André Cliche, and never really found their scoring touch  They crashed out of the tournament in fourth place after losing consecutive games to the Vancouver Giants, Plymouth Whalers, and the Whalers again in the tie-breaker, scoring only three goals in three games in the process 

ScoresSaturday, May 19: Lewiston 3, Medicine Hat Tigers 1
Sunday, May 20: Vancouver Giants 2, Lewiston 1
Tuesday, May 22: Plymouth Whalers 2, Lewiston 1 (OT)
Thursday, May 24: Plymouth Whalers 5, Lewiston 1

Sale and aborted relocation
On January 25, 2009, it was announced that the MAINEiacs were negotiating with the city of Boisbriand, Quebec (a suburb of Montreal), in hopes of relocating the franchise for the 2009–10 season  Under the plan, Mark Just would remain majority owner with 51% of the shares, with former NHL defenseman Joel Bouchard owning the rest  On January 31, the team announced that they had filed their intent to relocate, and had submitted papers to do so to the QMJHL 
In a January 31 media release announcing the move of the MAINEiacs franchise, owner Mark Just said that community support for the team was a major consideration  During the six seasons since the team moved from Sherbrooke, Quebec, to Lewiston, the MAINEiacs never managed to break even  However, on February 2, Farrel Miller, owner of the QMJHL's Montreal Junior Hockey Club, issued a statement that his team would fight the MAINEiacs move to Boisbriand on territorial grounds 

The Montreal Junior Hockey Club has communicated to the QMJHL that it will retain, without modification, its exclusive geographic territory that it acquired in connection with its 2008 Franchise Agreement with the QMJHL  On January 21, 2009, the Montreal Junior Hockey Club communicated to the Governors of the QMJHL that (i) it has chosen to retain its exclusive territory without modification and (ii) that it is not seeking any financial compensation in connection with this issue After several weeks of negotiations with a number of Canadian cities (most notably Fredericton, New Brunswick), MAINEiacs Head Coach Don Macadam announced on March 24, 2009, that the MAINEiacs would be remaining in Lewiston  In June 2010, Lewiston businessman Paul Spellman became minority owner of the team, and in early August 2010, former Moncton Wildcats General Manager Bill Schurman was named as the team's Sports Management Consultant   However, relocation rumors continued to follow the team, with Summerside, Prince Edward Island (where Schurman, a native of that town, had recently been the municipality's Director of Community Services), and St  John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, named as a potential destinations in January 2011 
Schurman's denials of the team looking into a Summerside relocation proved unconvincing, and the rumours had a negative effect on attendance  However, Schurman's dream of moving the MAINEiacs to his home city ultimately failed, as a preliminary exploration to gauge support for a move to Summerside found little traction  The team then began to look at other possibilities, but found that few other relocation options existed 
The Lewiston franchise was disbanded by the QMJHL in the summer of 2011  To replace the defunct MAINEiacs club, the Sherbrooke Phoenix were scheduled to begin play for the 2012–13 season, the 3rd franchise to call Sherbrooke home in 25 years 

Takeover by league and disbanding
On May 31, 2011, the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League held a conference call to prepare an offer to purchase the team from Mark Just for 3 5 million dollars  Under the league's plan, the MAINEiacs would then be disbanded, with players being selected by other clubs in a dispersal draft  Late on May 31, the league issued a press release confirming the sale of the MAINEiacs to the league, and the subsequent disbanding / dispersal draft occurred the following week  Colisee stated they would search for a replacement team from outside of the QMJHL to take the MAINEiacs place The City of Lewiston and the Androscoggin Bank Colisee would end up getting the American Hockey League's Portland Pirates to move to the Colisee for the 2013-14 season after disputing their lease with the Cumberland County Civic Center in Portland  Starting in 2019, the NAHL Maine Nordiques and their partner organization, the NA3HL Lewiston-Auburn Nordiques, began play at the Colisee 

Coaches
Mario Durocher: 2003–04
Clément Jodoin: 2004–2007
Ed Harding: 2007 – January 12, 2009
Don MacAdam: January 13, 2009 – December 10, 2009 [1]
Jeff Guay: interim: December 10, 2009 – December 27, 2009 (then moved to assistant coach) 
Jean-François Houle: December 27, 2009 – May 31, 2011

Players
QMJHL award winners
Mike Bossy Trophy — best pro prospect: Alexandre Picard, 2004
Paul Dumont Trophy — personality of the year: Clement Jodoin, 2006
Ron Lapointe Trophy — Coach of the Year: Clement Jodoin, 2007
Guy Carbonneau Trophy — Best Defensive forward: Marc-André Cliche, 2007 
Guy Lafleur Trophy — QMJHL playoff's Most Valuable Player: Jonathan Bernier, 2007

All-stars
Jonathan Paiement: 1st team (defense) 2003–04
Alexandre Picard: 1st team (right wing) 2003–04,
Alex Bourret: 2nd team (right wing) 2004–05
Jonathan Bernier: 2nd team (goaltender) 2006–07
Peter Delmas: all-rookie team (goaltender) 2006–07
Stefano Giliati: 2nd team (left wing) 2007–08
Kevin Marshall: 2nd team (defense) 2007–08

Captains
2003–04: Francis Trudel
2004–05: No captain
2005 – January 2006: Brandon Roach
January 2006 – May 2007: Marc-André Cliche
September 2007 – March 2008: Marc-André Daneau
September 2008 – June 2009: Danick Paquette
September 2009 – May 2010: Billy Lacasse
September 2010 – 2011: Cameron Critchlow

NHL alumni
Nine MAINEiacs to date have played in the NHL:

Jonathan Bernier
Antoine Bibeau
Michael Chaput
Marc-André Cliche
Éric Gélinas
Jaroslav Halák
Kevin Marshall
David Perron
Alexandre Picard

NHL draftees
In addition, the MAINEiacs have had several players drafted by National Hockey League teams  They are:

2004 NHL Draft
Alexandre Picard (2004 1st round, #8 overall by Columbus Blue Jackets)
Jonathan Paiement (2004 8th round, #247 overall by New York Rangers)2005 NHL Draft
Alex Bourret (2005 1st round, #16 overall by Atlanta Thrashers)
Chad Denny (2005 2nd round, #49 overall by Atlanta Thrashers)
Marc-André Cliche (2005 2nd round, #56 overall by New York Rangers)
Olivier Legault (2005 4th round, #93 overall by Florida Panthers)
Mathieu Aubin (2005 5th round, #130 overall by Montreal Canadiens)2006 NHL Draft
Jonathan Bernier (2006 1st round, #11 overall by Los Angeles Kings)
Stefan Chaput (2006 5th round, #153 overall, by Carolina Hurricanes)2007 NHL Draft
David Perron (2007 1st round, #26 overall by St  Louis Blues)
Kevin Marshall (2007 2nd round #41 overall by Philadelphia Flyers)
Michael Ward (2007 7th round #197 overall by Tampa Bay Lightning)2008 NHL Draft
Peter Delmas (2008 2nd round, #61 overall by Colorado Avalanche)
Danick Paquette (2008 3rd round #64 overall by Atlanta Thrashers)2009 NHL Draft
Éric Gélinas (2009 2nd round, #54 overall by New Jersey Devils)2010 NHL Draft
Michael Chaput (2010 3rd round, #89 overall by Philadelphia Flyers)
Samuel Carrier (2010 6th round, #176 overall by Washington Capitals)

Yearly results
Regular season
Legend: OTL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss

Playoffs
2003–04 – Lost to Rouyn-Noranda Huskies 4–3 in first round 
2004–05 – Defeated Shawinigan Cataractes 4–0 in first round  – Lost to Rimouski Océanic 4–0 in quarterfinals 
2005–06 – Lost to Halifax Mooseheads 4–2 in conference quarterfinals 
2006–07 – Defeated Shawinigan Cataractes 4–0 in conference first roundfinals   – Defeated Halifax Mooseheads 4–1 in conference quarterfinals  – Defeated Rouyn-Noranda Huskies 4–0 in league semifinals  – Defeated Val-d'Or Foreurs 4–0 in QMJHL finals  QMJHL CHAMPIONS – Finished Memorial Cup round-robin tied for third   – Lost to Plymouth Whalers 5–1 in the tiebreaker game 
2007–08 – Lost to Cape Breton Screaming Eagles 4–2 in conference quarterfinals 
2008–09 – Lost to Drummondville Voltigeurs 4–0 in conference quarterfinals 
2009–10 – Lost to Drummondville Voltigeurs 4–0 in conference quarterfinals 
2010–11 – Defeated Moncton Wildcats 4–1 in the round of 16   – Defeated Montreal Junior 4–2 in league quarterfinals   – Lost to Saint John Sea Dogs 4–0 in league semifinals 
Passage 2:
Billings Bulls
The Billings Bulls were a junior ice hockey organization based in Billings, Montana  They most recently played home games at the 550-seat Centennial Ice Arena and due to the arena's small size, the Bulls frequently sold out games  They previously played their home games in the Metrapark which had a max capacity of 9,000 for hockey games  However, a negotiating dispute with arena officials and local county commissioners resulted in the team losing its lease 

History
The Bulls joined the American Frontier Hockey League in 1993 which became the America West Hockey League (AWHL) in 1998  The Bulls joined the Tier II Jr  A North American Hockey League in 2003 when the AWHL merged with the NAHL (keeping the NAHL name)  The team played in the NAHL from 2003 to 2006 until the team and their rivals, the Bozeman Icedogs and Helena Bighorns, left to join the Northern Pacific Hockey League (NorPac), a regional league in the Pacific Northwest of the United States  When they joined the NorPac, the league was Tier III Junior B but promoted to Tier III Junior A by USA Hockey in 2007  In 2011, the Montana teams in the NorPac left the league to form the new regional American West Hockey League, made up of teams in Montana and Wyoming, including the Bulls  In March 2014, the new AWHL joined the North American 3 Hockey League (NA3HL) as the Frontier Division On the opening weekend of the 2017–18 NA3HL season, the Bulls announced they would be going dormant due to lack of players  At the time, the Bulls were the second-oldest organization in the NA3HL, behind only the St  Louis Jr  Blues 

Previous leagues
1993–1998 American Frontier Hockey League
1998–2003 America West Hockey League
2003–2006 North American Hockey League
2006–2011 Northern Pacific Hockey League
2011–2014 American West Hockey League
2014–2017 North American 3 Hockey League

Season-by-season records
NHL alumni
The franchise developed a number of collegiate and professional players, but only two have played in the NHL
Chris Holt, G (University of Nebraska-Omaha, last with Braehead Clan of the EIHL), formerly of the New York Rangers and St  Louis Blues 
Brian Lee, D retired, formerly of the Tampa Bay Lightning and Ottawa Senators 

Other notable alumni with professional or major college/junior experience
Jon Booras, F (Lake Superior State University, last with MAC Budapest of the MOL Liga)
Jacob Doty, F (currently with Braehead Clan of the EIHL)
Brad Gorham, D (University of Alaska Anchorage, last with the Alaska Aces of the ECHL)
Trevor Hammer, D (University of North Dakota, last played for Florida Seals)
Jeff Hazelwood, F (last played for Las Vegas Wranglers)
Jordan Hines, F (University of Findlay, last played for Fort Worth Fire)
Dan Knapp, D (University of Nebraska-Omaha, last played for Ontario Reign)
Mathias Lange, G (last played for the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga)
Tom Reimann, D (University of Maine, last played for Colorado Eagles)
Cam Strong, F (currently with Dartmouth, NCAA Division 1)
Zach Tarkir, D (Northern Michigan University, last played for IF Troja/Ljungby of the HockeyAllsvenskan)
Kevin Ulanski, C (University of Denver, last played for the Bentley Generals)Stormy Knight, LW last played for Seattle Totems of the NPHL (current commisioner of The Mad House fantasy football league)
Passage 3:
Case Gym
Case Gym is a 1,800-seat multi-purpose arena at Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts  It opened in 1972 as part of the Harold Case Physical Education Center, which is named after the university's fifth president, Harold C  Case 
The gym is referred to as "The Roof" because it is located on the top level of the building, above Walter Brown Arena  It is home to the Boston University Terriers men's and women's basketball teams, as well as the men's wrestling team    Basketball games are also played in Agganis Arena, and on occasion Walter Brown Arena  When Boston University left the America East Conference for the Patriot League in July 2013, they announced that all home men's basketball conference games would be played at Agganis Arena, with the non-conference games to be played at Case Case Gym hosted the championship games of the 1997 and 2002 America East Conference men's basketball tournament as well as the championship game of the 2011 America East Conference women's basketball tournament  It has also hosted Ring Of Honor Wrestling Shows through wrestling promoter and Boston University alumnus Mike "Mongoose" Coughlin The center, whose recreational use has declined since the opening of the Fitness and Recreation Center adjacent to Agganis Arena, is approximately located where the left field "pavilion" seats at Braves Field were before the Boston Braves, a Major League Baseball club, were relocated to Milwaukee in 1953 

See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
Passage 4:
Robins Center
The Robins Center is a 7,201-seat multi-purpose arena in Richmond, Virginia  Opened in 1972, the arena is home to the University of Richmond Spiders basketball  It hosted the ECAC South (now known as the Colonial Athletic Association) men's basketball tournament in 1983   It is named for E  Claiborne Robins Sr, class of 1931, who, along with his family, have been leading benefactors for the school   The opening of the Robins Center returning Spider basketball to an on-campus facility for the first time since the mid-1940s when it outgrew Millhiser Gymnasium   In the intervening decades, the Spiders played home games in numerous locations around the Richmond area, including the Richmond Coliseum (1971–1972), the Richmond Arena (1954–1971), the Benedictine High School gymnasium (1951–1954), Grays' Armory (1950–1951) and Blues' Armory (1947–1950)  The Robins Center arena serves as the location of the University of Richmond's commencement exercises and hosted a 1992 Presidential debate involving Bill Clinton, George H  W  Bush, and Ross Perot 
The Robins Center saw a number of upgrades in the 2000s, including a new maple floor in 2003 and renovated locker rooms and offices in 2004  A new scoreboard and sound system was installed for the 2006–2007 season   A $17 million renovation started in March 2013, which added four corner video boards, a repainted ceiling and new floor, and the seat capacity decreased from 9,071 to around 7,201 once renovations were completed in January 2014  
In 2015, the playing surface was renamed "Dick Tarrant Court" in honor of Dick Tarrant, the school's all-time winningest coach In addition to the basketball arena, the Robins Center also serves as the home of many of the other athletic programs at the University of Richmond  The Robins Center Natatorium serves as the home of the women's swimming and diving team, while most of the other programs have their coaches' offices in the building  An addition to the Robins Center, known as the Weinstein Center for Fitness and Recreation, opened in January 2007 and provides expanded facilities for recreational use 

See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
Passage 5:
2007 Memorial Cup
The 2007 MasterCard Memorial Cup was played in May 2007 in Vancouver, British Columbia, at the Pacific Coliseum  It was the 89th annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL)   The tournament was competed between the WHL champion, the Medicine Hat Tigers; the OHL champion, the Plymouth Whalers; the QMJHL champion, the Lewiston Maineiacs; and the host team and tournament champion, Vancouver Giants, who were competing in their second consecutive national junior championship  The Memorial Cup tournament was a four team tournament with a round-robin format  The Giants won their first Memorial Cup, defeating Medicine Hat 3–1 in the second all-WHL final in tournament history (the first was in 1989)   The tournament set a new Memorial Cup attendance record with 121,561 fans attending the nine games   The previous record of 84,686 was set at the 2003 tournament in Quebec City 
The tournament was the first to feature two league champions based in the United States, from Lewiston, Maine and Plymouth, Michigan, respectively  The only previous Memorial Cup to feature two American teams was the 1998 Memorial Cup, featuring the WHL champion, the Portland Winter Hawks and the host, the Spokane Chiefs  The 2007 MasterCard Memorial Cup was also the first to feature the two-referee system 
The Memorial Cup trophy's ties to Canadian military were evident when Canadian Forces units delivered it to the championship by sea, aboard HMCS Vancouver; by air, hoisted aboard a CH-149 Cormorant helicopter; and by land, via the armoured 39th Canadian Brigade Group Convoy 

Round-robin standings
Rosters
Schedule
Round robin
Playoff round
Tie breaker
Semi-final
Championship game
Leading scorers
Leading goaltenders
Goalies Have To Play A Minimum Of 60 Minutes To Be Listed 

Award winners
Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy (MVP): Milan Lucic, Vancouver
George Parsons Trophy (Sportsmanship): Brennan Bosch, Medicine Hat
Hap Emms Memorial Trophy (Goaltender): Matt Keetley, Medicine Hat
Ed Chynoweth Trophy (Leading Scorer): Michal Repik, VancouverAll-star team

Goal: Matt Keetley, Medicine Hat
Defence: Brendan Mikkelson, Vancouver; Cody Franson, Vancouver
Forwards: Darren Helm, Medicine Hat; Michal Repik, Vancouver; Milan Lucic, Vancouver

Road to the cup
OHL playoffs
QMJHL playoffs
†Shawinigan seeded 8th in Eastern division 

WHL playoffs
Passage 6:
Dwyer Arena
The Robert and Concetta Dwyer Arena houses two ice surfaces, both 200 x 85 ft , and pro shop on Niagara University's campus in Lewiston, New York, United States  The main rink can seat up to 1,400 people and is the home to the Niagara Purple Eagles men's ice hockey team, which plays in Atlantic Hockey  The arena was formerly home to the women's ice hockey team, which played in College Hockey America  
The building was built in 1996  Prior to the 1999–2000 season, major renovation took place as a result of a gift by Bob and Connie Dwyer, both 1965 graduates, who contributed $3 million for facilities upgrades  Locker and training rooms, players' lounge, and lobby were upgraded, while separate entrances for the main and auxiliary rinks, new pro shop, and new ticket office were arranged  In the summer of 2007 a premium seating section was added in the area formerly occupied by the Party Deck, and as a result, capacity was increased from 1,600 to 2,100  The current seating capacity is 1,400 
It hosted the College Hockey America 2002, 2008, and 2010 men's conference tournaments and the 2004 and 2008 women's conference tournaments   Dwyer was home of the Buffalo Sabres Summer Development Camp in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 which featured young prospects and draft picks in the Sabres organization   The arena co-hosted the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships 

External links
Official website
Passage 7:
2006–07 QMJHL season
The 2006–07 QMJHL season was the 38th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League  The regular season ran from September 14, 2006 to March 18, 2007  Eighteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule  The Lewiston Maineiacs finished first overall in the regular season winning their first Jean Rougeau Trophy  Lewiston won 16 playoff games, losing only one, en route to their first President's Cup, defeating the Val-d'Or Foreurs in the finals 

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OTL = Overtime loss; SL = Shootout loss; PTS = Points; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against

complete list of standings 

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes

complete scoring statistics

Goaltending leaders
Note: GP = Games played; Mins = Minutes Played; W = Wins; L = Losses: OTL = Overtime losses; SL = Shootout losses; GA = Goals allowed; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average

Canada-Russia Challenge
The 2006 ADT Canada-Russia Challenge was hosted by the Rouyn-Noranda Huskies and the Val-d'Or Foreurs  On November 20, 2006, the QMJHL All-stars defeated the Russian Selects 6–2 at the Aréna Dave Keon  On November 21, 2006, the QMJHL All-stars defeated the Russian Selects 4–3 at the Centre Air Creebec  Since the tournament began in 2003, the QMJHL All-stars have won five games, the Russian Selects have three wins



ground_truth: 1998

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What do Lavinia Greenlaw and Nâzım Hikmet have in common?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 

Playoffs
The top nine teams from the Telus division, and top seven teams from the Eastern division qualified for the playoffs  The ninth place team in the Telus division qualified in the Eastern division, and ranked by regular season points  All series were best-of-seven  Divisions crossed over in the semifinals 
Brad Marchand was the leading scorer of the playoffs with 40 points (16 goals, 24 assists) 

†Shawinigan seeded 8th in Eastern division 

All-star teams
First teamGoaltender - Ondrej Pavelec, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
Left defence - Andrew MacDonald, Moncton Wildcats
Right defence - Kris Letang, Val-d'Or Foreurs
Left winger - Vyacheslav Trukhno, Gatineau Olympiques
Centreman - Mathieu Perreault, Acadie-Bathurst Titan
Right winger - Thomas Beauregard, Acadie-Bathurst TitanSecond teamGoaltender - Jonathan Bernier, Lewiston Maineiacs
Left defence - Oskars Bartulis, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
Right defence - Jean-Claude Sawyer, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
Left winger - Benoît Doucet, Victoriaville Tigres
Centreman - James Sheppard, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
Right winger - François Bouchard, Baie-Comeau DrakkarRookie teamGoaltender - Peter Delmas, Lewiston Maineiacs
Left defence - Mark Barberio, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles / Moncton Wildcats
Right defence - Simon Lacroix, Shawinigan Cataractes
Left winger - Michael Frolik, Rimouski Océanic
Centreman - Christopher DiDomenico, Saint John Sea Dogs
Right winger - Jakub Voracek, Halifax Mooseheads
List of First/Second/Rookie team all-stars 

Trophies and awards
TeamPresident's Cup - Playoff Champions, Lewiston Maineiacs
Jean Rougeau Trophy - Regular Season Champions, Lewiston Maineiacs
Luc Robitaille Trophy - Team that scored the most goals, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
Robert Lebel Trophy - Team with best GAA, Lewiston MaineiacsPlayerMichel Brière Memorial Trophy - Most Valuable Player, Mathieu Perreault, Acadie-Bathurst Titan
Jean Béliveau Trophy - Top Scorer, François Bouchard, Baie-Comeau Drakkar
Guy Lafleur Trophy - Playoff MVP, Jonathan Bernier, Lewiston Maineiacs
Telus Cup – Offensive - Offensive Player of the Year
Telus Cup – Defensive - Defensive Player of the Year
Jacques Plante Memorial Trophy - Best GAA, Ondrej Pavelec, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
Guy Carbonneau Trophy - Best Defensive Forward, Marc-André Cliche - Lewiston Maineiacs
Emile Bouchard Trophy - Defenceman of the Year, Kris Letang, Val-d'Or Foreurs
Kevin Lowe Trophy - Best Defensive Defenceman, Kris Letang, Val-d'Or Foreurs
Mike Bossy Trophy - Best Pro Prospect, Angelo Esposito, Quebec Remparts
RDS Cup - Rookie of the Year, Jakub Voracek, Halifax Mooseheads
Michel Bergeron Trophy - Offensive Rookie of the Year, Jakub Voracek, Halifax Mooseheads
Raymond Lagacé Trophy - Defensive Rookie of the Year, T  J  Brennan, St  John's Fog Devils
Frank J  Selke Memorial Trophy - Most sportsmanlike player, David Desharnais, Chicoutimi Saguenéens
QMJHL Humanitarian of the Year - Humanitarian of the Year, Roger Kennedy, Halifax Mooseheads
Marcel Robert Trophy - Best Scholastic Player, Alexandre Picard-Hooper, Baie-Comeau Drakkar
Paul Dumont Trophy - Personality of the Year, Kris Letang, Val-d'Or ForeursExecutiveRon Lapointe Trophy - Coach of the Year, Clément Jodoin, Lewiston Maineiacs
Maurice Filion Trophy - General Manager of the Year, Pascal Vincent, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
John Horman Trophy - Executive of the Year, Pierre Dufour, Val D'Or Foreurs
Jean Sawyer Trophy - Marketing Director of the Year, Nadia Lacasse & Mélanie Allard, Rouyn-Noranda Huskies

See also
2007 Memorial Cup
2007 NHL Entry Draft
2006–07 OHL season
2006–07 WHL season
Passage 8:
Androscoggin Bank Colisée
The Colisée (formerly Androscoggin Bank Colisée, Central Maine Youth Center, Central Maine Civic Center and Lewiston Colisee) is a 4,000 capacity (3,677 seated) multi-purpose arena, in Lewiston, Maine, that opened in 1958  The Colisée was built to replace St  Dominics Regional High School Arena, and initially constructed and operated by the Catholic parish of SS  Peter and Paul  Currently, it is the home of the Maine Nordiques of the North American Hockey League  The Colisee is also used for concerts, conventions and trade shows  There is 17,000 square feet (1600 m2) of exhibit space  For conventions, the Colisee can accommodate up to 4,800 patrons 

History
The Maine Nordiques of the former professional North American Hockey League were the primary tenant at the Civic Center from 1973 to 1977  The Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association played exhibition games at the Civic Center 
In 2003, the Lewiston Maineiacs came to the Central Maine Civic Center  The Central Maine Civic Center was renamed to the Lewiston Colisée (from the French word for colosseum, similar to the Colisée de Québec) to distinguish it from the Cumberland County Civic Center, the Augusta Civic Center, and the Bangor Civic Center  In 2007, the Maineiacs won the Presidents Cup, the QMJHL league championship  They remain the only U S -based QMJHL team to win the Presidents Cup  The Maineiacs folded at the end of the 2010–11 QMJHL season and the Sherbrooke Phoenix was created in its place The Federal Hockey League held five home games at the arena in 2011 and 2012  Due to renovations to the Cumberland County Civic Center, the Portland Pirates played at the Colisee during the 2012–13 AHL season for all but one of their home games On December 16, 2014, it was announced the New Hampshire Fighting Spirit from the North American 3 Eastern Hockey League, a Tier III junior league, would relocate to Lewiston and play home games at the Colisee as the L/A Fighting Spirit (with the L/A standing for Lewiston-Auburn) beginning with the 2015–16 season  In 2016, the Fighting Spirit joined the North American 3 Hockey League 
Firland Management, which had acquired the Colisee from the City of Lewiston in 2008, bought the Fighting Spirit in 2017 and rebranded the team as the Lewiston/Auburn Nordiques after the former professional team  In 2019, Cain, Darryl Antonacci, and Nolan Howe were granted an expansion team in the Tier II junior North American Hockey League and named the team the Maine Nordiques  In March 2020, Antonacci agreed to purchase the Colisée and the Tier III Nordiques from Cain  Antonacci folded the Tier III junior team and replaced it with Tier I youth teams The naming rights to the venue were sold to Androscoggin Bank in 2006  In 2020, the rights expired, and the bank's name was removed from the venue the following year 

Other uses
Ali vs  Liston fight
On May 25, 1965, the Youth Center was the venue for the WBC heavyweight boxing championship rematch between 34-year old former champ Sonny Liston and 23-year-old reigning champion Muhammad Ali  It was at this fight that Sports Illustrated photographer Neil Leifer took what Time magazine has called the "perhaps the greatest sports photo of the century "

Concerts
On March 19, 1977, Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band played at the venue  Bob Dylan performed at the venue on November 13, 2000, May 17, 2008 and on April 10, 2013 

Mixed martial arts
Bellator MMA held their first event in Maine on March 21, 2013, Bellator 93 

Ring of Honor/New Japan Pro-Wrestling
On November 7, 2018, Ring of Honor made its Maine debut at the Coliseé  As a co-promoted Global Wars show with New Japan Pro-Wrestling, it also marked the Japanese promotion's first event in New England 
Passage 9:
2011–12 QMJHL season
The 2011–12 QMJHL season was the 43rd season of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL)  The regular season, which consisted of 17 teams playing 68 games each, began in September 2011 and ended in March 2012  This season was Blainville-Boisbriand Armada's first season in the league, as the team relocated to Boisbriand from Verdun where they played as the Montreal Junior Hockey Club from 2008 to 2011  The league lost one of his charter teams when the Lewiston Maineiacs folded during after the previous season, the QMJHL later announce an expansion team to  Sherbrooke for the 2012–13 season  In the playoffs, the Saint John Sea Dogs became the seventh team in league history to capture consecutive President's Cup championships 

Regular season
Division standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OTL = Overtime losses ; SL - Shootout losses ; GF = Goals for ; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points

x - team has clinched playoff spot
y - team is division leader
z - team has clinched division
e - team is eliminated from playoff contention

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; TOI = Total ice time; W = Wins; L = Losses ; GA = Goals against; SO = Total shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

2012 President's Cup playoffs
First round
(1) Saint John Sea Dogs vs  (16) Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
(2) Shawinigan Cataractes vs  (15) Rouyn-Noranda Huskies
(3) Blainville-Boisbriand Armada vs  (14) Gatineau Olympiques
(4) Victoriaville Tigres vs  (13) Baie-Comeau Drakkar
(5) Quebec Remparts vs  (12) Drummondville Voltigeurs
(6) Halifax Mooseheads vs  (11) Moncton Wildcats
(7) Rimouski Océanic vs  (10) Val-d'Or Foreurs
(8) Chicoutimi Saguenéens vs  (9) Acadie–Bathurst Titan
Quarter-finals
(1) Saint John Sea Dogs vs  (13) Baie-Comeau Drakkar
(2) Shawinigan Cataractes vs  (8) Chicoutimi Saguenéens
(3) Blainville-Boisbriand Armada vs  (7) Rimouski Océanic
(5) Quebec Remparts vs  (6) Halifax Mooseheads
Semi-finals
(1) Saint John Sea Dogs vs  (8) Chicoutimi Saguenéens
(6) Halifax Mooseheads vs  (7) Rimouski Océanic
QMJHL Championship
(1) Saint John Sea Dogs vs  (7) Rimouski Océanic
Playoff scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes

Playoff leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Mins = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; GA = Goals Allowed; SO = Shutouts; SV& = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

Memorial Cup
Trophies and awards
TeamPresident's Cup: Saint John Sea Dogs
Jean Rougeau Trophy - Regular Season Champions: Saint John Sea Dogs
Luc Robitaille Trophy - Team that scored the most goals: Victoriaville Tigres
Robert Lebel Trophy - Team with best GAA: Shawinigan CataractesPlayerMichel Brière Memorial Trophy - Most Valuable Player: Yanni Gourde, Victoriaville Tigres
Jean Béliveau Trophy - Top Scorer: Yanni Gourde, Victoriaville Tigres
Guy Lafleur Trophy - Playoff MVP: Charlie Coyle, Saint John Sea Dogs
Jacques Plante Memorial Trophy - Top Goaltender: Mathieu Corbeil-Thériault, Saint John Sea Dogs
Guy Carbonneau Trophy - Best Defensive Forward: Frederick Roy, Quebec Remparts
Emile Bouchard Trophy - Defenceman of the Year: Jérôme Gauthier-Leduc, Rimouski Océanic
Kevin Lowe Trophy - Best Defensive Defenceman: Morgan Ellis, Shawinigan Cataractes
Mike Bossy Trophy - Top Prospect: Mikhail Grigorenko, Quebec Remparts
RDS Cup - Rookie of the Year: Mikhail Grigorenko, Quebec Remparts
Michel Bergeron Trophy - Offensive Rookie of the Year: Mikhail Grigorenko, Quebec Remparts
Raymond Lagacé Trophy - Defensive Rookie of the Year: Zachary Fucale, Halifax Mooseheads
Frank J  Selke Memorial Trophy - Most sportsmanlike player: Zach O'Brien, Acadie–Bathurst Titan
QMJHL Humanitarian of the Year - Humanitarian of the Year:
Marcel Robert Trophy - Best Scholastic Player: Jonathan Brunelle, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
Paul Dumont Trophy - Personality of the Year: Jonathan Huberdeau, Saint John Sea DogsExecutiveRon Lapointe Trophy - Coach of the Year: Jean-François Houle, Blainville-Boisbriand Armada
Maurice Filion Trophy - General Manager of the Year: Joël Bouchard, Blainville-Boisbriand Armada
John Horman Trophy - Executive of the Year:
Jean Sawyer Trophy - Marketing Director of the Year:All-Star TeamsFirst All-Star Team:

Roman Will, Goaltender, Moncton Wildcats
Jérôme Gauthier-Leduc, Defenceman, Rimouski Océanic
Xavier Ouellet, Defenceman, Blainville-Boisbriand Armada
Mikhail Grigorenko, Centre, Quebec Remparts
Yanni Gourde, Left Wing, Victoriaville Tigres
Frederick Roy, Right Wing, Quebec RempartsSecond All-Star Team:

Mathieu Corbeil-Thériault, Goaltender, Saint John Sea Dogs
Morgan Ellis, Defenceman, Cape Breton Screaming Eagles/Shawinigan Cataractes
Nathan Beaulieu, Defenceman, Saint John Sea Dogs
Zach O'Brien, Centre, Acadie–Bathurst Titan
Jonathan Huberdeau, Left Wing, Saint John Sea Dogs
Sébastien Trudeau, Right Wing, Acadie–Bathurst TitanAll-Rookie Team:

Zachary Fucale, Goaltender, Halifax Mooseheads
Nikolas Brouillard, Defenceman, Drummondville Voltigeurs
Samuel Morin, Defenceman, Rimouski Océanic
Mikhail Grigorenko, Centre, Quebec Remparts
Anthony Duclair, Left Wing, Quebec Remparts
Sven Andrighetto, Right Wing, Rouyn-Noranda Huskies

See also
2012 Memorial Cup
List of QMJHL seasons
2011–12 OHL season
2011–12 WHL season
2011 in ice hockey
2012 in ice hockey
Passage 10:
Loan modification in the United States
Loan modification is the systematic alteration of mortgage loan agreements that help those having problems making the payments by reducing interest rates, monthly payments or principal balances  Lending institutions could make one or more of these changes to relieve financial pressure on borrowers to prevent the condition of foreclosure  Loan modifications have been practiced in the United States since the 1930s  During the Great Depression, loan modification programs took place at the state level in an effort to reduce levels of loan foreclosures 
During the Subprime mortgage crisis, loan modification became a matter of national policy, with various actions taken to alter mortgage loan terms to prevent further economic destabilization 

United States 1930s
During the Great Depression in the United States a number of mortgage modification programs were enacted by the states to limit foreclosure sales and subsequent homelessness and its economic impact   Because of the shrinkage of the economy, many borrowers lost their jobs and income and were unable to maintain their mortgage payments  In 1933, the Minnesota Mortgage Moratorium Act was challenged by a bank which argued before the United States Supreme Court that it was a violation of the contract clause of the Constitution  In Home Building & Loan Association v  Blaisdell, the court upheld the law imposing a mandatory mortgage modification 

United States 2000s
According to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) chairman, Sheila C  Bair, looking back as far as the 1980s, "the FDIC applied workout procedures for troubled loans out of bank failures, modifying loans to make them affordable and to turn nonperforming into performing loans by offering refinances, loan assumptions, and family loan transfers "The U S  housing boom of the first few years of the 21st century ended abruptly in 2006  Housing starts, which peaked at more than 2 million units in 2005, plummeted to just over half that level  Home prices, which were increasing at double-digit rates nationally in 2004 and 2005, have fallen dramatically since (see Chart 1)  As home prices decline, the number of problem mortgages, particularly in sub-prime and Alt-A portfolios, is rising  As of third quarter 2007, the percentage of sub-prime adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) that were seriously delinquent or in foreclosure reached 15 6 percent, more than double the level of a year ago (see Chart 2)  The deterioration in credit performance began in the industrial Midwest, where economic conditions have been the weakest, but has now (2006–2007) spread to the former boom markets of Florida, California, and other coastal states 
Chart 1

Chart 2

During 2007, investors and ratings agencies have repeatedly downgraded assumptions about sub-prime credit performance  A Merrill Lynch study published in July estimated that if U S  home prices fell only 5 percent, subprime credit losses to investors would total just under $150 billion, and Alt-A credit losses would total $25 billion  On the heels of this report came news that the S&P/Case-Shiller Composite Home Price Index for 10 large U S  cities had fallen in August to a level that was already 5 percent lower than a year ago, with the likelihood of a similar decline over the coming year 
The complexity of many mortgage-backed securitization structures has heightened the overall risk aversion of investors, resulting in what has become a broader illiquidity in global credit markets  These disruptions have led to a precipitous decline in sub-prime lending, a significant reduction in the availability of Alt-A loans, and higher interest rates on jumbo loans (see Chart 3)  The tightening in mortgage credit has placed further downward pressure on home sales and home prices, a situation that now could derail the U S  economic expansion Chart 3

Residential mortgage credit quality continues to weaken, with both delinquencies and charge-offs on the rise at FDIC-insured institutions This trend, in tandem with upward pricing of hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) loans, falling home prices, and fewer refinancing options, underscores the urgency of finding a workable solution to current problems in the sub-prime mortgage market  Legislators, regulators, bankers, mortgage servicers, and consumer groups have been debating the merits of strategies that may help preserve home ownership, minimize foreclosures, and restore some stability to local housing markets On December 6, 2007, an industry-led plan was announced to help avert foreclosure for certain sub-prime homeowners who face unaffordable payments when their interest rates reset  This plan provides for a streamlined process to extend the starter rates on sub-prime ARMs for at least five years in cases where borrowers remain current on their loans but cannot refinance or afford the higher payments after reset  An important component of the industry-led plan is detailed reporting of loan modification activity  Working with the United States Treasury Department and other bank regulators, the FDIC will monitor loan modification levels and seek adjustments to the protocols if warranted 

Loss Mitigation Mediation (LMM) Program
Mediation is usually a great way for a plaintiff and defendant to sit down with a neutral arbiter to hash out their differences and come to a resolution that is usually better than continued litigation  Mediation is successful in all types of disputes including personal injury cases, contract disputes and even divorces  However, in these cases, circuit court judges will readily punish a party who fails to attend mediation or who attends but fails to comply with the mediation order 
In 2009, the Florida Supreme Court forced every Florida Circuit Court (the courts in which Foreclosure Lawsuits are heard), to implement a mediation program for homeowners facing Foreclosure  This program was called the “Residential Mortgage Foreclosure Mediation” (RMFM) Program  The idea was for lenders to provide an in-person or telephonic meeting with the Homeowner/Defendant in the presence of an impartial mediator to discuss the Foreclosure Lawsuit and possible alternatives (including Loan Modification, Deed in Lieu of Foreclosure, and Short Sale) The RMFM Program was cancelled in 2011 following widespread criticism of the program  The RMFM failed because it had no teeth, because judges were reluctant to punish the mortgage companies for failing to mediate in good faith, and because borrowers were not receiving the cooperation they needed from the banks  In short, the RMFM was a complete waste of time, not because mediation is a bad idea but because of the limited loss mitigation options and because most state court judges could not or would not enforce the program In 2012, the Bankruptcy Court in the Middle District of Florida implemented its own version of the failed RMFM, but unlike the state court version, it has seen a much higher success rate  One Orlando bankruptcy attorney reported a 90% success rate, with 18% of his modifications involving principal reduction  Similar programs have also been instituted by Bankruptcy courts in New York and Rhode Island Following the lead of the Middle District, the Southern District of Florida Bankruptcy Court has initiated its own loss mitigation mediation (“LMM”) program  The LMM Program kicked off on April 1, 2013 and unlike the Middle District, the Southern District's program has more requirements for all parties and includes debtors in all chapters, not just Chapter 13  Chapter 7 debtors may use LMM to request a surrender of the property (a real surrender that provides for a transfer of title)  LMM may be used by Chapter 13 debtors to request and apply for modification through mediation or surrender of any property they no longer want to own 
The Southern District's program also includes the utilization of a document processing program called the DMM Portal  Participants in the LMM program will use this secure online portal for the exchange of documents and communication  This program will help ensure that documents sent between the lender and the borrower and not lost or misplaced  Instant uploads and verification of transmissions are a hallmark of the portal 
Election to participate in the LMM program will suspend any pending motions for relief from stay (“MFR”)  However, while an LMM is pending, debtors will be required to pay 31% of their gross monthly income through the Chapter 13 plan as an “adequate protection” payment  The fees a debtor will have to pay to participate in the program will typically include an $1,800 fee to their bankruptcy attorney for handling the modification through their Chapter 13 plan and an approximately $300 fee to the mediator While the bankruptcy mediation program does not guarantee a residential loan modification, it does make it much harder for a mortgage servicer to reject a modification because of the stringent requirement to act in good faith  For instance, if a servicer rejects a HAMP application, it will have to explain why  Often, a rejection is based upon a miscalculation, a misinterpretation, or an oversight  In this program, the debtor's attorney can demand that the servicer's representative explain his calculations  Often, the mistakes are found and corrected, resulting in the modification being accepted 
While mortgage modification and bankruptcy may not be the solution to all distressed mortgage problems, it will certainly provide an additional venue for homeowners in need  Applying for a modification through bankruptcy may provide relief from the dischargeable debts that are keeping the debtor from being able to make the mortgage payments and provide the lenders a guarantee that the borrower is no longer obligated by those burdens 

Streamlined modification process
The adoption of this streamlined modification framework is an additional tool that servicers will now have to help avoid preventable foreclosures  This framework will not only help homeowners who receive a streamlined modification, but will also further address servicer capacity concerns by freeing up resources, helping ensure that borrowers do not fall through the cracks because servicers aren't able to get to them This is the first time the industry has agreed on an industry standard



ground_truth: poet and novelist

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: The arena where the Lewiston Maineiacs played their home games can seat how many people?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  The benchmark ratio for calculating the affordable payment is 38 percent of monthly gross household income  Once the affordable payment is determined, there are several steps the servicer can take to create that payment – extending the term, reducing the interest rate, and forbearing interest  In the event that the affordable payment is still beyond the borrower's means, the borrower's situation will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis using a cash flow budget  This program resulted from a unified effort among the Enterprises, Hope Now and its 27 servicer partners, Treasury, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA)  In addition, we’ve drawn on the FDIC's experience and assistance from developing the IndyMac streamlined approach and have greatly benefited from the FDIC's input and example  To accommodate the need for more flexibility among a larger number of servicers, the Streamlined Modification Program does differ from the IndyMac model in a few areas  However, it uses the same fundamental tools to achieve the same affordability target The Streamlined Modification Program (SMP) was developed in collaboration with the FHFA, the Department of Treasury, Freddie Mac, and members of the HOPE NOW Alliance 

SMP eligibility criteria
The SMP eligibility criteria include:

Conforming conventional or jumbo conforming mortgage loans originated on or before January 1, 2008;
At least three payments past due;
The loan is secured by a one-unit property that is the borrower's primary residence;
Current mark-to-market loan to value (LTV) of 90 percent or more; and
Property is not abandoned, vacant, condemned, or in a serious state of disrepair 
SMP is designed to reduce distressed borrowers' monthly mortgage payments to an amount equal to 38 percent of their monthly gross income  To do so, servicers may, in the following order:
Capitalize accrued interest, escrow advances and costs, if allowed by state law;
Extend the term of the mortgage loan by up to 480 months;
Reduce the mortgage loan interest rate in increments of  125% to a fixed rate that is not less than 3% (if this exercise results in a below market rate, it will, after 5 years, step up in annual increments to a market rate);
As a last resort, provide for principal forbearance, which will result in a balloon payment fully due and payable upon borrower's sale of the property or payoff or maturity of the loan Borrowers meeting the SMP eligibility requirements enter into a trial period in which they must make monthly loan payments equal to the proposed modified payment  Timely payments must be made for three consecutive months before a borrower's loan can be modified under the SMP The "Streamlined Modification Plan," or SMP, which is an expansion of what many lenders are already doing, was implemented starting December 15, 2008 

IndyMAC plan
With the George W  Bush administration refusing to enact FDIC Chairwoman Sheila Bair's controversial loan modification plan, lawmakers are taking matters into their own hands 
Offer proactive workout solutions designed to address borrowers who have the willingness but limited capacity to pay Return the loan to a current status 
Capitalize delinquent interest and escrow 
Modify the loan terms based on waterfalls, starting at a front-end 38 percent HTI ratio down to a 31 percent HTI ratio subject to a formal net present value (NPV) floor 
Reduce interest rate to as low as 3 percent 
Extend, if necessary, the amortization and/or term of the loan to 40 years 
Forbear principal if necessary Provide borrowers the opportunity to stay in their home while making an affordable payment for the life of the loan Require the borrower to make one payment at the time of the modification 
Cap the interest rate at the Freddie Mac Weekly Survey rate effective as required to meet the target HTI ratio, fixing the adjusted rate and monthly payment amount for 5 years 
Step up the initial interest rate gradually starting in year 6 by increasing it one percentage point each year until reaching the Freddie Mac Weekly Survey rate cap Use a financial model with supportable assumptions to ensure investor interests are protected Input borrower specific income information into the NPV Tool, which provides a real-time workout solution 
Perform automated loan level underwriting across large segments of the portfolio to support pre-approved bulk mailings 
Verify income information the borrower provided via check stubs, tax returns, and/or bank statements 
Compare the cost of foreclosure to mitigate losses 
Mandate that the cost of the modification must be less than the estimated foreclosure loss Borrower eligibilityThe loan is at least 60 days delinquent where the loan is considered one day delinquent on the day following the next payment due date  Many servicing contracts often contain a standard clause allowing the servicer to modify seriously delinquent or defaulted mortgages, or mortgages where default is “reasonably foreseeable” 
Foreclosure sale is not imminent and the borrower is currently not in bankruptcy, or has not been discharged from Chapter 7 bankruptcy since the loan was originated 
The loan was not originated as a second home or an investment property "We (IndyMac Bank) commend FDIC Chairman Sheila Bair for her leadership in developing a systematic loan modification protocol  FHFA, the GSEs and HOPE NOW relied heavily on the IndyMac model in developing this new protocol"   
As history unfolds on the U S  Housing and Finance crisis that caused the persistent recession, the (IndyMac Bank) bankruptcy and ensuing scandal are important to understand   A dynamic interplay between social good, capital ownership and the rule of law is ongoing in the U S  experiment with the democratic process   Much of the business models of IndyMac and also the government backed FrannieMae and FreddieMac quasi-banks were based on concentrated debt   This model became very high risk as it was based on the faulty assumption that housing values would increase   In fact, the prevalence of their mortgages greatly fed the housing bubble with significant crossfunding and possible corruption to the government regulatory function through dramatic campaign funding contributions from these organizations   In the less regulated business climate of the late 1800s, speculative bubbles were corrected by painful financial panics   True understanding is yet to be documented for the speculative housing bubble of 2008, but federal government management has seemingly replaced the severity of a financial panic with a persistent yet less severe correction   This correction is becoming known at the Great Recession 

Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Plan
In the task at hand to make headway against foreclosures and the depressed housing market  Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac entered a new phase on December 9, 2008 for a fast-track program meant to make "hundreds of thousands of mortgages affordable to people who can't currently meet their monthly payments "Through the SMP, servicers may change the terms of a loan to reduce a borrower's first lien monthly mortgage payment, including taxes, insurance and homeowners association payments, to an amount equal to 38 percent of gross monthly income  The changes in terms may include one or more of the following:
Adding the accrued interest, escrow advances and costs to the principal balance of the loan, if allowed by state law;
Extending the length of the mortgage loan as appropriate;
Reducing the mortgage loan interest rate in increments of 0 125 percent to an interest rate that is not less than 3 percent  If the new rate is set below the market interest rate, after five years it  will step up in annual increments to either the original loan interest rate or the market interest rate at the time of the modification, whichever is lower;
Forbearing on a portion of the principal, which will require the borrower to make a balloon payment when the loan matures, is paid off, or is refinanced 

Eligibility requirements
Conforming conventional and jumbo conforming mortgage loans originated on or before January 1, 2009;
Borrowers who are at least three or more payments past due and are not currently in bankruptcy;
Only one-unit, owner-occupied, primary residences; and
Current mark-to-market loan-to-value ratio of 90 percent or more 

New servicer guidance
Fannie Mae's foreclosure prevention efforts have generally been made available to a borrower only after a delinquency occurs  Under Fannie Mae's new guidance, loan servicers can use foreclosure prevention tools to assist distressed borrowers when a borrower demonstrates the need  As noted above, these guidelines apply to borrowers who are still current in their payments, but whose default is reasonably foreseeable  This new guideline is effective immediately, and borrowers may obtain information on eligibility at MakingHomeAffordable gov 

Hope for Homeowners Plan (HUD)/FHA
The HOPE for Homeowners Act (H4H) Program is effective for endorsements on or after October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2011 
Affordability versus value:  lenders will take a loss on the difference between the existing obligations and the new loan, which is set at 96 5 percent of current appraised value   The lender may choose to provide homeowners with an affordable monthly mortgage payment through a loan modification rather than accepting the losses associated with declining property values 
Borrower eligibility:  Lenders that determine the H4H program is a feasible and effective option for mitigating losses will assess the homeowner's eligibility for the program:The existing mortgage was originated on or before January 1, 2008;
Existing mortgage payment(s) as of March 1, 2008 exceeds 31 percent of the borrowers gross monthly income for fixed-rate mortgages; For ARMs, the existing mortgage payment(s) exceeds 31 percent of the borrowers gross monthly income as of March 1, 2008 OR the date of the new loan application 
The homeowner did not intentionally default, does not have an ownership interest in other residential real estate and has not been convicted of fraud in the last 10 years under Federal and state law; and
The homeowner did not provide materially false information (e g , lied about income) to obtain the mortgage that is being refinanced into the H4H mortgage 

Original cost
3 percent upfront mortgage insurance premium and a 1 5 percent annual premium,
Equity and appreciation sharing with the Federal government, and
Prohibition against new junior liens against the property unless they are directly related to property maintenance The HUDS fact sheet gives full details 

Updated Hope for Homeowners improvements
Eliminates 3% upfront premium
Reduces 1 5% annual premium to a range between  55% and  75%, based on risk-based pricing (also makes technical fix to permit discontinuation of fees when loan balance drops below certain levels, consistent with normal FHA policy)
Raises maximum loan to value (LTV) from 90% to 93% for borrowers above a 31% mortgage debt to income (DTI) ratio or above a 43% ratio
Eliminates government profit sharing of appreciation over market value of home at time of refi  Retains government declining share (from 100% to 50% after five years) of equity created by the refi, to be paid at time of sale or refi as an exit fee
Authorizes payments to servicers participating in successful refis
Administrative simplification:
eliminates borrower certifications regarding not intentionally defaulting on any debt,
eliminates special requirement to collect two years of tax returns,
eliminates originator liability for first payment default,
eliminates March 1, 2008 31% debt-to-income ratio (DTI) test,
eliminates prohibition against taking out future second loans,
requires Board to make documents, forms, and procedures conform to those under normal FHA loans to the maximum extent possible consistent with statutory requirements 

Troubled Assets Relief Program
The Troubled Assets Relief Program is a systematic foreclosure prevention and mortgage modification program established by the Secretary, in consultation with the Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the FDIC and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, that—

Provides lenders and loan servicers with certain compensation to cover administrative costs for each loan modified according to the required standards; and
Provides loss sharing or guarantees for certain losses incurred if a modified loan should subsequently re-default 

Commitment of resources
The comprehensive plan established pursuant to subsection (a) shall require the commitment of funds made available to the Secretary under title I of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 in an amount up to $100,000,000,000 but in no case less than $40,000,000,000 In a press conference Tuesday, Federal Housing Finance Agency director James Lockhart said the program would target high-risk borrowers — those 90 or more days delinquent on their mortgages — and employ various modification strategies to get borrowers down to an “affordable” mortgage payment, defined as 38 percent of a household's monthly gross income on a first mortgage payment 

Analysis of the results of the government-sponsored programs
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Office of Thrift Supervision reported on 2009-04-03

"Nearly one in four loan modifications in the fourth quarter actually resulted in increased monthly payments"   This can occur when late fees or past-due interest are added to the monthly payment 
The redefault rate was about 50 percent where the monthly payment was unchanged or increased, and 26 percent where the payment was decreased 

Home Affordable Modification Program
Program Formed
Purpose
The Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) was established on February 18, 2009 to help up from 7 to 8 million struggling homeowners at risk of foreclosure by working with their lenders to lower monthly mortgage payments  The Program is part of the Making Home Affordable Program which was created by the Financial Stability Act of 2009  The program was built as collaboration with banks, services, credit unions, the FHA, the VA, the USDA and the Federal Housing Finance Agency, to create standard loan modification guidelines for lenders to take into consideration when evaluating a borrower for a potential loan modification   Over 110 major lenders have already signed onto the program   The Program is now looked upon as the industry standard practice for lenders to analyze potential modification applicants Early 2012 the Treasury redesigned the HAMP as Tier 1 for the original first-lien modification process and on June 1, 2012 Tier 2 became available  Tier 2 is for either owner-occupied properties or rental properties  For mortgages secured by rental properties, only those that are two or more payments delinquent are eligible 

Eligibility requirements
The program abides by the following eligibility and verification criteria: 

Loans originated on or before January 1, 2009
First-lien loans on owner-occupied properties with unpaid principal balance up to $729,750
Higher limits allowed for owner-occupied properties with 2-4 units
All borrowers must fully document income, including signed IRS 4506-T, proof of income (i e  paystubs or tax returns), and must sign an affidavit of financial hardship
Property owner occupancy status will be verified through borrower credit report and other documentation; no investor-owned, vacant, or condemned properties
Incentives to lenders and servicers to modify at risk borrowers who have not yet missed payments when the servicer determines that the borrower is at imminent risk of default
Modifications can start from now until December 31, 2016; loans can be modified only once under the program

Loan modification terms and procedures
Participating servicers are required to service all eligible loans under the rules of the program unless explicitly prohibited by contract; servicers are required to use reasonable efforts to obtain waivers of limits on participation 
Participating loan servicers will be required to use a net present value (NPV) test on each loan that is at risk of imminent default or at least 60 days delinquent  The NPV test will compare the net present value of cash flows with modification and without modification  If the test is positive: meaning that the net present value of expected cash flow is greater in the modification scenario: the servicer must modify absent fraud or a contract prohibition 
Parameters of the NPV test are spelled out in the guidelines, including acceptable discount rates, property valuation methodologies, home price appreciation assumptions, foreclosure costs and timelines, and borrower cure and redefault rate assumptions 
Servicers will follow a specified sequence of steps in order to reduce the monthly payment to no more than 31% of gross monthly income (DTI) 
The modification sequence requires first reducing the interest rate for trial period of 3–9 months(subject to a rate floor of 2%), then if necessary extending the term or amortization of the loan up to a maximum of 40 years, and then if necessary forbearing principal  Principal forgiveness or a Hope for Homeowners refinancing are acceptable alternatives 
It is noteworthy that this interest rate is not fixed, and will generally increase 1%/year until it reaches what ever the current rate is 5 years after the modification  Often it includes a balloon payment at the end of the first 5 years   This practice has been found controversial by many in the financial world as it is expected to bring about a slurry of new foreclosures in 5 years when homeowners will once again not be able to pay their mortgage due to the interest rate hike, or the balloon payment 
The monthly payment includes principal, interest, taxes, insurance, flood insurance, homeowner's association and/or condominium fees  Monthly income includes wages, salary, overtime, fees, commissions, tips, social security, pensions, and all other income 
Servicers must enter into the program agreements with Treasury's financial agent on or before December 31, 2009 

Payments to servicers, lenders, and responsible borrowers
The Program will share with the lender/investor the cost of reductions in monthly payments from 38% DTI to 31% DTI 
Servicers that modify loans according to the guidelines will receive an up-front fee of $1,000 for each modification, plus “pay for success” fees on still-performing loans of $1,000 per year 
Homeowners who make their payments on time are eligible for up to $1,000 of principal reduction payments each year for up to five years 
The program will provide one-time bonus incentive payments of $1,500 to lender/investors and $500 to servicers for modifications made while a borrower is still current on mortgage payments 
The program will include incentives for extinguishing second liens on loans modified under this program 
No payments will be made under the program to the lender/investor, servicer, or borrower unless and until the servicer has first entered into the program agreements with Treasury's financial agent 
Similar incentives will be paid for Hope for Homeowner refinances 

Transparency and accountability
Measures to prevent and detect fraud, such as documentation and audit requirements, will be central to the program 
Servicers will be required to collect, maintain and transmit records for verification and compliance review, including borrower eligibility, underwriting, incentive payments, property verification, and other documentation 
Freddie Mac is appointed the compliance officer of the program 

Warnings to people looking to apply for program
Foreclosure rescue and mortgage modification scams are a growing problem  Homeowners must protect themselves so they do not lose money or their home   Scammers make promises that they cannot keep, such as guarantees to “save” your home or lower your mortgage, often for a fee  Scammers may pretend that they have direct contact with your mortgage servicer when they do not Even amongst reputable refinance organizations, the fundamental education of the house owner is not stressed   Some may even request struggling homeowners to pledge their time to become politically active   The controversy exists between personal integrity and the concept of a 'right to homeownership'   Many euphemisms are used to implicitly stress the concept that homeownership is not the result of a lifetime of effort but a government-given right   These euphemisms like "HOPE, relief and Save-the-Dream" as used above in naming or implementing the loan modification programs   The origins of the word 'mortgage' is a death pledge—a concept that perhaps even exceeds the common view of personal integrity   At the foundation of homeownership should be a personal long-term commitment to pay the terms of the mortgage   On the bankers side of the contract, their business model is regulated by the 'social good' which are implemented by government by chartering banks   If the banks implement policies that lead to financial bubbles and panics, a democratic government is equipped with the tools to uncharter and redistribute a banks assets Bank crisis in the united states

Free resources for potential applicants
There are free resources available for potential applicants   

Homeowners can call the Homeowner's HOPE Hotline at 1-888-995-HOPE (4673) for information about the Making Home Affordable Program and to speak with a HUD approved housing counselor  Assistance is available in English and Spanish, and other languages by appointment 
HUD org helps applicants find a local counselor  HUD gov
MakingHomeAffordable gov computes estimated payments and has other resources  Making Home Affordable
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac allow applicants see if their loan is owned by one of them and thus potentially eligible for the program Fannie Mae Loan Look Up Freddie Mac Loan Look Up

Lender participants
A list of lenders signed on is on the Making Home Affordable website  List of HAMP Lenders

See also
Escrow
Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of America (NACA)
Mortgage assumption
Predatory lending



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