prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What time did the show, in which Gordon Burns was the host, usually air on Monday?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
CNN World News
CNN World News, a program that airs on CNN International and CNN International Asia Pacific  It is supplemented by CNN World News Asia and CNN World News Europe The show's traditional time run is 24-hours if it is followed by CNN World News Middle East The show's regular presenters include Errol Barnett  Its main role is to update viewers of the latest news in the world  It contains a weather update from the CNN World Weather Forecast News  CNN World News can usually air up to three times on weekends, and is known to be bringing the latest on a story 

Regular presenters
Errol Barnett

Schedule
Daily:
24-hours (all times EST) – Errol Barnett (North America)
24-hours (all times HKT) – Errol Barnett (Asia Pacific)
24-hours (all times UTC) – Paula Hancocks (Europe)

International broadcasts outside United States
In Singapore, it is broadcast live on MediaCorp TV Channel 5 daily at 6:00–6:30 am 
In Hong Kong, it is broadcast live on ATV World and TVB Pearl daily at 7:30–8:00 am 
In Indonesia, it is broadcast live on RCTI (relayed on RCTI; recorded on SCTV (simulcast on RCTI)) and SCTV (relayed on RCTI; recorded on RCTI (simulcast on SCTV)); carrying simulcast relayed and recorded network on RCTI daily at 05:30–06:00 am 

Simulcast in the International
International simulcast relay network Radio and Television on CNN International News Asia Pacific such : 

Television Indonesia : RCTI (recorded on SCTV in 1997 and now recorded on JakTV and MNC International)/SCTV (recorded on RCTI in 1997)/JakTV (recorded on RCTI and MNC International)/CNN Indonesia
 Malaysia : TV1/TV Kuala Lumpur/TV Selangor
 Singapore : MediaCorp TV Channel 5/MediaCorp HD5
 Brunei : RTB TV2
 Philippines : DZKB-TV
 China : Shanghai International Television
 Hong Kong : ViuTVsix
 Thailand : TrueVisions
 United States : CNNRadio:

 Indonesia : Radio Elshinta News and Talk
 Malaysia : Klasik Nasional FM/Kuala Lumpur FM/Selangor FM/Suara Malaysia/Radio24
 Singapore : CNA938
 Brunei : Radio News in English
 China : China English International News Radio
 Hong Kong : Radio Hong Kong National News in English/Radio Hong Kong International News in English
 United States : IRN/USA Radio Network
Passage 2:
Foil bearing
A foil bearing, also known as a foil-air bearing, is a type of air bearing  A shaft is supported by a compliant, spring-loaded foil journal lining  Once the shaft is spinning fast enough, the working fluid (usually air) pushes the foil away from the shaft so that no contact occurs  The shaft and foil are separated by the air's high pressure, which is generated by the rotation that pulls gas into the bearing via viscosity effects  The high speed of the shaft with respect to the foil is required to initiate the air gap, and once this has been achieved, no wear occurs  Unlike aerostatic or hydrostatic bearings, foil bearings require no external pressurisation system for the working fluid, so the hydrodynamic bearing is self-starting 

Development
Foil bearings were first developed in the late 1950s by AiResearch Mfg  Co  of the Garrett Corporation using independent R&D funds to serve military and space applications  They were first tested for commercial use in United Airlines Boeing 727 and Boeing 737 cooling turbines in the early and mid-1960s  Garrett AiResearch air cycle machine foil bearings were first installed as original equipment in 1969 in the DC-10's environmental control systems  Garrett AiResearch foil bearings were installed on all US military aircraft to replace existing oil-lubricated rolling-contact bearings   The ability to operate at cryogenic gas temperatures and at very high temperatures gave foil bearings many other potential applications Current-generation foil bearings with advanced coatings have greatly exceeded the limitations of earlier designs  Antiwear coatings exist that allow over 100,000 start/stop cycles for typical applications 

Applications
Turbomachinery is the most common application because foil bearings operate at high speed  
Commercial applications in production include microturbines, fuel cell blowers, and air cycle machines   The main advantage of foil bearings is the elimination of the oil systems required by traditional bearing designs  Other advantages are:

Higher efficiency, due to a lower heat loss to friction; instead of fluid friction, the main source of heat is parasitic drag
Increased reliability
Higher speed capability
Quieter operation
Wider operating temperature range (40–2,500 K)
High vibration and shock load capacity
No scheduled maintenance
No external support system
Truly oil free where contamination is an issue
Capable of operating above critical speedAreas of current research are:

Higher load capacity
Improved damping
Improved coatingsThe main disadvantages are:

Lower capacity than roller or oil bearings
Wear during start-up and stopping
High speed required for operation

See also
Fluid bearing – Type of bearings which use pressurized liquid or gas between the bearing surfaces
Tribology – Science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative motion
Passage 3:
Gordon Burns (footballer)
Gordon Burns (born 2 December 1978) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Scottish First Division for Ayr United 

Playing career
Burns began his footballing career with local boys club Troon Thistle, and also spent time playing with Prestwick Boys Club & Coylton Boys Club, before joining Ayr United Boys Club  He was scouted by several senior teams and trained with Motherwell, Dundee United, Hearts and Celtic before deciding to sign 'S' forms with Ayr United under Manager George Burley  He left Marr College at 16 to sign a 2-year YTS contract at Somerset Park with Manager Simon Stainrod, before signing his first professional contract at Ayr United at the age of 18 

Ayr United
"Burnsie" began his professional career with his local senior club Ayr United in July 1995 and made an early impact when he made his first team debut at the age of 17 against Berwick Rangers at Shielfield Park  He didn't have to wait long for his first start either, which came at Somerset Park against Raith Rovers when he was just 18 
In 1997, along with fellow starlets Keith Hogg, Neil Scally, Gareth "Bo" Armstrong and Joe Carruth, he enjoyed a spell on loan at Glenafton Athletic under Alan Rough which prepared him for the rough and tumble of Scottish football 
Next season, in February 1998, he was thrown in at the deep end by manager Gordon Dalziel as a versatile youngster in an Ayrshire derby match against Kilmarnock at Somerset Park, with the home side recording a famous 2-0 victory courtesy of an 83rd minute headed goal from Jim Dick & a beautiful lob from Ian Ferguson over the head of Killie keeper Gordon Marshall 
A period of vast investment in the playing squad at Ayr from millionaire Chairman Bill Barr saw the arrivals of high-calibre players such as Neil Duffy, Pat McGinlay, Eddie Annand, John Hughes, James Grady, Andy Walker, Glynn Hurst and Gary Teale  This left youngsters like Burns sidelined, and in 1999 he was signed by legendary Manager John Lambie (footballer, born 1941) for Partick Thistle on loan with a view to a permanent move  He made 6 appearances in an impressive spell, but chances of a permanent move were scuppered when Ayr demanded a transfer fee and he was recalled to Somerset Park 
Burns enjoyed a brief spell at his hometown club Troon F C  under Manager John Redmond during his rehabilitation from injury in 2000 
After making 28 league appearances for the club, he was released in December 2001 seeking regular first-team football 

Queen of the South
Burns was signed for Queen of the South by Manager John Connolly (Scottish footballer) in December 2001 to supplement a title-chasing squad 
The club won the 2001–02 Scottish Second Division, finishing 8 points clear of Alloa Athletic in 2nd place, but it was a frustrating period for Burns who only made a solitary appearance 

Peterhead
After completing a pre-season campaign with Forfar Athletic in the summer of 2002, Manager Neil Cooper decided against signing Burns permanently, but recommended him to Peterhead Manager Ian Wilson who was delighted to sign him up for the 2002-03 season  This was a hugely enjoyable season for Burns, as he was an integral part of the team who were chasing the Balmoor side's first ever promotion, with the season ending in spectacular fashion as an incredible four sides went into the final day chasing the title  A 1–0 defeat away to Greenock Morton at a packed Cappielow saw Morton crowned champions and East Fife narrowly pip Peterhead to promotion 
Despite enjoying being a first team regular, the travelling from Burns' home in Troon to Peterhead was taking its toll and Burns rejected the offer of a new contract with the club in search for something closer to home 

Kilwinning Rangers
Burns joined the all-conquering Buffs side in July 2003, becoming a key member of the side that went on to win the West of Scotland Super League Premier Division in season 2003-04  The departure of the Management team led by Mark Shanks sparked a remarkable change of fortunes which saw the Abbey Park side relegated the following season to the West of Scotland Super League First Division under new manager Paul Wright 
Burns rejected the offer of a new contract in order to concentrate on a new career, and left Abbey park in the summer of 2005 

Troon
After 2 years out of the game due to work demands, Burns signed for his home-town team Troon in June 2007  Signed by Manager Michael O'Neill, it wasn't long before Burnsie was named Club Captain as he enjoyed some of the best years of his career at Portland Park 
Niggling injuries and work commitments forced an early retirement from playing at the age of 31, although returning Manager John Redmond was keen to utilise Burns's knowledge in a coaching capacity 

Coaching career
After serving on the coaching staff under John Redmond following his retirement from playing, Burns formed part of the new management team with Jimmy Kirkwood when Redmond stepped down in March 2011 and the two oversaw a dramatic overhaul of the club and the playing staff with an emphasis on youth development & attractive football  Results were erratic to begin with, but the improvement was remarkable and a title push was well underway in season 2011-12 with the team narrowly missing out on the second promotion spot by one point  The club went one better in 2012-13, securing second place with weeks to spare after a season long title battle with Kilwinning Rangers and promotion back to the Super League was assured 
Season 2013-14 saw unprecedented success, as the club were crowned the Super League First Division Champions, Ayrshire Cup winners and were also West of Scotland Cup finalists 
Burns became manager of Troon in the summer of 2015, after Jimmy Kirkwood stepped aside due to work pressures, and he led them to their highest ever league finish in his first season in charge as well as an appearance in the Final of the Ardagh Cup  Following the club's relegation from the West of Scotland Super League Premier Division, Burns stood down in May 2017 after 10 years at the club to spend more time with his family 
Passage 4:
The Krypton Factor
The Krypton Factor is a British game show produced by Granada Television for broadcast on ITV  The show originally ran from 7 September 1977 to 20 November 1995, and was hosted by Gordon Burns and usually broadcast on the ITV network on Mondays at 7 00pm 
Contestants from across the United Kingdom and Ireland competed in a series of rounds that tested their physical stamina and mental attributes  The title of the show is a reference to Superman's home planet Krypton, the title perceiving that the contestants had strong superhuman "powers" for taking part in the challenges they were set  The contestants, from 1986 onwards, all had their own corresponding colour, either red, green, yellow or blue  The points contestants earned through the game were not referred to as their score, but as their "Krypton Factor", e g  "The winner, with a Krypton Factor of 46, is the technical specialist from Birmingham, Caroline White"  The 1987 series won the prestigious Premios Ondas – Spanish Television Award for Entertainment 
The show was revived for two series which aired in 2009 and 2010, presented by Ben Shephard 

History
Original series
The first series of the show was shown on Wednesdays, presented by Gordon Burns and ran for eleven weeks, consisting of eight heats, two semi-finals and the final  It was then on Fridays for two years before arriving on Mondays in 1980  Up to and including the 1979 series, Gordon Burns would be seen standing next to the master scoreboard before being given a desk at which to sit from 1980 onwards (he would be seen sitting next to the master scoreboard for the 1980 and 1981 series before taking his traditional place in front of the audience and facing the contestants for the series which followed)  In the first few series, there were no groups and eight heats, the winner of each advancing to a semi-final  The top two of each semi-final qualified for the Grand Final 
From 1981 to 1985, each series had twelve heats, from which each winner along with the top four runners-up progressed to the four semi-finals, the winners of which competed in the Grand Final  In 1986 and in 1987, the series was divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D)  Each group consisted of three heats, with the winner of each heat and the highest scoring runner up of the heats within a group making it to the group final  The winner of each group final would qualify for the grand final  From 1988 to 1995, the series had 13 episodes, and only had three groups (A, B, and C)  The highest scoring runner-up from the group finals would then go through to the Grand Final 
In 2009 and 2010, each series has seven heats and the winners of which in addition to the highest runner-up of the heats would qualify for the two semi-finals, the winners of which in addition to the top two overall runners-up advancing to the Grand Final  The overall winner of the Grand Final would receive a bronze trophy and would traditionally be titled as Superperson of the Year  Unusually and possibly uniquely for the time, until 1993, the series had no advert break in the middle even though it was on ITV in a primetime 7 00pm slot  This explains why some of the elements (most notably, the time for the quiz) were shortened in later series 
In the 1991 series, for two weeks in a row, contestants Tony Hetherington and Paul Evans won all of the first five rounds in their heats, scoring 50 points; in addition, Hetherington set an all-time record of 62 points  They both later met in the same Group Final, in which Evans won and Hetherington qualified as the Highest Scoring Runner-up, and went on to win the Grand Final 
In 1995, the show was heavily revamped, including the introduction of co-host Penny Smith  In that series, the intelligence round was dropped, first round being physical ability with the rules in each round changed dramatically, with the exception of General Knowledge  The second half of the show was a "super round" which included a 3D maze, code cracking and a race up Mount Krypton, with points accumulated being exchanged for equipment to assist the contestants with the challenge  While some viewers liked the changes, others felt that scrapping the Intelligence round was a sign of dumbing down and that changing the format so dramatically was a mistake 

Revival
Since its cancellation in 1995, there had been persistent rumours of a revival on the BBC  In April 2005, it was widely reported that the BBC would be going ahead with a revival  However, the source of this story turned out to be a misinterpretation of comments by Wayne Garvie, head of BBC's Entertainment Group (and previously the last producer on The Krypton Factor) naming it as the next "TV gem" that "should" (rather than would) be revived On 24 September 2008, Broadcast reported that ITV was expected to commission a new series within weeks  As part of their wider Business Brains campaign, The Sage Group funded the return of the show, and in November it was confirmed that it would be hosted by Ben Shephard  The first episode was shown on Thursday 1 January 2009 at 7 30pm and ran for 10 consecutive weeks  The new series is based on the original five-round format of the show with every round being "brought bang up-to-date" and features "state-of-the-art" technology, although The Guardian described the rounds as having "irritating bleeping noises and confusing graphics"  The series was recorded at Granada Studios in Manchester from 7–10 December 2008  It was filmed in London for the 2010 series, which used a four-round format, as the Intelligence round was dropped again 
Critical reception to the revival were poor, with UKGameshows stating "it's hard to think of anything they've done differently this time where the change is an improvement" and The Guardian ultimately describing it as "like getting back together with an ex (drunkenly, on New Year's Eve)  And then sobering up quickly and realising why you split up in the first place " The launch episode of the revival was watched by only half as many viewers as a repeat of Wallace and Gromit: A Matter of Loaf and Death 

Rounds
During the original series, the rounds were usually in the same order as below, with exception of the 1995 series  However, in the earlier series, there were only five rounds, as Response had yet to be introduced; this round was also dropped for the 2009 revival 
In all rounds except the final round, 10 points were awarded to the winner, then 6 (8 in early series), 4 and 2 to the remaining contestants  In the event of a tie, all tied players would receive the score for the higher place – in an extreme case, if three contestants tied with the highest score, they would all receive 10 points, with just 2 points for the unlucky fourth contestant  In the Mental Agility and Observation rounds, the contestant who answered faster would sometimes be awarded the higher place; in other cases, a tiebreaker question was used  On rare occasions, an Observation round would have the players answer a five-part question, such as "Name the five continuity errors in the film clip," and players would receive 2 points for each correct answer 
From 1986 to 1991, each round was introduced by the distinctive K logo, which would morph into a symbol for the round  A similar version of this was used in the 2009 revival 

Personality (1977)
This round only took place in the first series, where it was third  In it, the contestants were sequestered where they had to write a 30-second script on a subject given to them like a destination brochure, a letter of complaint, etc , which they had one chance to perform  The performances were filmed and a focus group taken in twenty cities and towns across Great Britain voted on the best effort 

Mental agility (1978–1995, 2009–2010)
First played in the second series, this often took the form of a memory test (though other versions would require mental computation of time and date differences, or to add up a sequence of numbers and return the number which, when added to that sum, gave a pre-determined answer)  The contestants frequently had to memorise a sequence and then answer a series of progressively more complicated questions  For instance, if the sequence to be memorised was a series of coloured blocks, the questions might start as "What is the colour of the third block from the left?" and progress to "What is the colour of the block two to the left of the block to the right of the green block?"  Other forms of memory test might require contestants to remember a phrase or proverb and answer a series of questions about it (e g  "What was the fifth letter of the fourth word?" or "Spell the last word backwards") 
Originally the round consisted of a "knock-out" format, where contestants were asked increasingly difficult questions in turn and eliminated for wrong answers  If two or more players were eliminated on the same turn, ties were broken based on who had answered the most parts of their question correctly  Later, the contestants were shown 9 images along with a statement read to them by Charles Foster and the contestants had to pick which 4 images were correct and they scored 2 points for each correctly identified image, with a maximum ten points for all four  In the semi-finals and final, this would change to showing two sequences in turn and asking each player a 3-point question about each sequence  A third sequence was then shown to all players at once and one toss-up question, worth four points, was open to all players on the buzzer  If a player jumped in with the incorrect answer, that player was not penalized and any other player could jump in  Then, until 1987, the Mental Agility round alternated between the knock-out format (without tiebreaks) and a 45 or 50-second "speed test" where each player had to come up with as many correct answers as possible before time expired, and could pass on any of them  Only if they answered incorrectly would they be informed of it, possibly as to discourage guesswork 
From 1988 onwards, the Mental Agility round consisted entirely of 40-second speed tests, and from 1991 to 1993, ties were broken by the amount of time it took each player to achieve their score  In the 1995 series, a set of four images (such as numbers, letters, or dates) were shown to the players, who were all read a statement pertaining to one or two of the images, and the contestants had to touch the correct image(s) on their screen  The monitors were placed on a rotating turntable, in order to increase the difficulty of being the first to answer  This round lasted for two minutes, with the set of images changing every eight questions  Only the first player to provide a correct answer would score for that answer, with answering time used to break ties 
This round was originally conducted with all contestants wearing headphones to prevent the other participants from hearing their competitors' answers  However, from the 1991 series, each contestant came on individually to perform their test in front of the audience before sitting down in their respective places behind them, no headphones were worn  By the end of the round, all 4 contestants would be seated  In the 2009 revival, the Mental Agility round followed the 1988 format, only using the tiebreaker rules when there is a tie for first place  Contestants individually complete this round in an isolation booth referred to as "The Kube", and their heart rates were also measured while they took the test  The time each contestant had was increased from 40 to 45 seconds for the 2010 version, and the tiebreak rule from 1991 returned 

Response (1986–1995)
The Response round was introduced by new producer Geoff Moore for the 1986 and 1987 series  In 1987, the Response round in the initial heats was a combination of a race between the contestants using double-odometer bicycles, and a video wall which would display random numbers of coloured blocks; the contestants were required to press one of four coloured buttons corresponding to the highest number of blocks of any one colour being displayed  This alternated with a test in which the contestants had to walk a balance beam to the first challenge - placing coloured wooden blocks into frames either side of them, swinging from side to side in doing so (this was known as the Fleischmann Flexibility Tests)  They then had to run across a balance beam linked to the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test, where they had to take a shape and place it into a corresponding space  After a final balance beam, they jump onto their respective mat to finish the race  The 1986 series consisted of the contestants competing in twos to perform first the Minnesota Manual Dexterity test (moving differently coloured cylinders from one side to the other), then running over to perform the Fleischmann Flexibility Test and then the final test, which involved hitting the relevant button whenever a colour flashed up on the screen (only one colour at a time in this case) 
In the Group and Grand Finals in the 1986 and 1987 series, this consisted of each player taking turns on a flight simulator and being marked by an actual flight instructor  From 1988 onward the Response round consisted entirely of flight simulator tests   In 1988, the contestants had to land a BAe 146 in the heats, a Harrier jump jet in the Group Finals and a Sea King on an aircraft carrier in the Grand Final (recorded at Culdrose Navy base in Helston, Cornwall)  In 1989, the heats used three different simulators  The first heat in each group required the contestants to land Concorde, the second heat required the contestants to land a Red Arrow, and the third heat required them to land a Boeing 737  The group finals required the contestants to land the Sea King on an aircraft carrier  The Grand Final of the 1989 series saw the contestants use a Space Shuttle simulator in California 
In 1990, the contestants landed Concorde in the heats, the Sea King on an aircraft carrier in the group final and in the Grand Final, the contestants were in the Sea King again, but this time they used the simulator in a rescue mission  They started from an oil rig (carrying an injured passenger), and had to take off from the oil rig and land on the aircraft carrier  From 1991 to 1993, the heats and group finals were the same; Boeing 737 in the heats and the Sea King in the group finals  The 1991 Grand Final involved the contestants using a Nimrod simulator in a refuelling mission involving a Hercules aircraft  The 1992 and 1993 grand finals required the contestants to land a real plane  In 1995, all tests involved the Red Arrows flight simulator and the simulator scored each player automatically, with losses based on their overall flight time prior to either crashing or losing contact with the lead plane for too long  The 2009 revival of the show did not include this round 

Observation (1977–1995, 2009–2010)
This round often involved watching a specially made clip that was being broadcast at the time, with an edited together clip from a feature film or a television programme which was out in that particular year  In the earliest series, contestants were each asked three two-point questions (the first was an either or question, the second was visual and the third pertained to dialogue) on the clip in turn, followed by an identity parade where they were shown nine similar-looking actors, one of whom appeared in the clip  Each player who identified the correct actor earned four points  This was later changed so that each contestant was asked two two-point questions in turn, followed by a series of four one-point toss-up questions open to all players with no penalty for a wrong answer, and the identity parade was worth two points 
From 1986 to 1988, contestants were shown a clip twice and asked to spot five differences between two similar clips (six differences in 1988) and in 1986 and 1987, each player earned two points for each correctly identified difference  Many of the sequences recorded for the 1988 series were written by, and featured, Andrew O'Connor  From the 1989 and 1990 series, contestants were invited to spot six deliberate continuity errors (five in the 1990 series) contained in one single clip  Steve Coogan, in some of his earliest television appearances, starred in many of the sequences featured in the 1989 series  From 1991 to 1993, contestants answered six multiple-choice questions (five in the 1993 series) relating to the clip (e g  "What did he say when he entered the room?" or "What was on the table?"), and the time used to provide the correct answers was used to break ties 
Sometimes, original serials specially produced for the show were used; such as 1990's Sam Smith: Private Detective (starring Gwyneth Strong), which saw the female detective investigating rather silly cases (which often featured her young chubby nephew, Wallace)  Some guests in then Sam Smith stories included Derek Griffiths, Matthew Kelly and Keith Chegwin, who all appeared in the final instalment of the series  The 1991 series featured the saga Where is Don Day? starring Tony Robinson and Michelle Collins, about a bank manager whose dull life is suddenly changed when he accidentally becomes involved in a robbery from his own bank  1992 saw Dead Ringer starring Tony Slattery; a thriller about a man suffering from amnesia trying to discover who he really is, whilst being hunted down by a hitman named Preston, played by Roger Lloyd-Pack  In 1993, the round featured Roy Barraclough and Annabel Giles in a collection of investigative police stories, with Barraclough playing a retired police detective 
In 1995, short computer-animated segments commissioned from Bournemouth University's Department of Media Production were used for the test, and only five questions were asked  As with Mental Agility round, answers were provided via touch screen monitors, placed on a rotating turntable with Penny walking around the turntable asking the questions 
In the 2009 revival, each contestant was asked one individual question, then four further questions were asked on the buzzer  If a player answers incorrectly, one more player can buzz in, but there are no penalties for a wrong answer  Contestants are ranked on how many correct answers, and if two or more players are tied they each receive the same number of points  The exception to this is when there is a tie for the most correct answers  In this case, an extra question is asked to break the tie  In the 2010 version, each player is asked two questions in turn, and the contestants are awarded two points for a correct answer; however, like General Knowledge, one point is deducted away for a wrong answer, and the next player to jump in has a chance to steal  The point totals for this round are then used to rank each player 

Physical ability (1977–1995, 2009–2010)
In the original series, this pre-recorded segment involved the contestants racing to complete an army assault course located at Holcombe Moor in Bury  This round typically included 20 obstacles including vertical and flat cargo nets, rope swings, water jumps, Burma rope bridges, and a rope slide into water  Gordon Burns stated in some of the episodes that the contestants trained for the assault course in the physical ability round for up to five weeks in advance  In the first series, the assault course was done as an athletics track type with all of the contestants starting at the same time from different starting points, handicapped by age and sex  The second series onwards featured the more recognised assault course, but didn't feature the aerial slide until the early 1980s; instead the contestants would jump from a high platform onto a mat below to end their run of the course 
In this round, female contestants were allowed a head start over their male competitors, and in early series, contestants were given staggered starts to the assault course; following practice sessions with army personnel, the contestant of the weakest physical ability would set off first  The physical ability criteria were established from a simple formula derived from age of the contestant and the gender  Typically, in 1980, this meant two seconds per year of age difference and a 40-second advantage for female competitors  In the 1980 semi-final, the youngest competitor, Ted Stockton, (a taxi driver, aged 25) started 56 seconds after the only female semi-finalist who was 33  The age-based calculation was abolished in 1988  In 1995, the Physical Ability round was moved to the start of the show as the first round and all contestants started at the same time, and were ranked according to how far ahead each had come of an individual "par time" based on age and sex 
The 1990 series saw many of the metal obstacles on the course replaced by wooden substitutes, including a wooden S-bend frame contestants had to descend   In the first episode of the 1978 series, one female contestant (Diane Lindsay) injured her arm while practising for the long drop at the end of the course, but later ran and completed the course, and was found to have broken her arm in the practice run   Another female contestant (Judith Stafford) in 1989 broke her ankle after landing badly on one of the obstacles (near the end of the course), but managed to complete the rest of the course and finish in third place   Another female contestant (this time in 1987), Sue Dandy completed the course despite having torn ligaments in her leg while coming out of a narrow, upward-sloping tunnel   (In 1982, a male contestant cut his forehead on this obstacle)   A male contestant (Paul Evans) in 1991 who fell from the top of the A-frame net managed to not only complete the course but actually win the round despite suffering from shock as a result of his fall   Another male contestant (Jackie Harte), this time in 1992, broke the safety rules when he went down the aerial slide not placing his feet in the water   Another male contestant (Jon Johnson), this time in 1993, fell off the Burma rope bridge towards the end of the course, but luckily, he landed in the net below and was able to finish in second place   For at least some series (around 1986–88), the fastest man and fastest woman on the assault course both received a special trophy   Winners include: Barbara Murray and Stuart Worthington (1986), Marian Chanter and Ted Daszkiewicz (1987), Elizabeth Hayward and Alan Robbie (1988) 
The 2009 revival used a new assault course which only has room for two contestants at a time  The time it took each contestant to complete the course was recorded, and revealed when the main part of the show was recorded  Female contestants had 45 seconds deducted from their time  The assault course was once again changed for the 2010 version, with all four contestants competing at the same time 

Intelligence (1977–1993, 2009)
A two or three-dimensional puzzle where shapes had to be put together to fill a rectangular grid or make a bigger shape was the basis for this round  Most of these were devised by Dr  Gerry Wickham of the University of Manchester's School of Mathematics  As the contestants performed the task, presenter Gordon Burns provided a commentary to viewers at home on the contestant's progress and advice on how to solve the puzzle  The contestants do not see beforehand what the completed puzzle should look like  In the first series this round was first, and tests varied, often taking the form of what would later be Mental Agility tests 
In the event a contestant is injured and unable to physically participate in this round (as happened to Diane Lindsay in the first episode of the 1978 series), an assistant may be brought in to complete the task under the contestant's instructions, but the assistant may not speak back or otherwise interfere with the task 
It is reputed that some of the intelligence tests featured took contestants hours to solve, with edited highlights of their performance in the round shown on the programme  At least one contestant was moved to tears by the difficulty of the puzzles  In 1990, Gordon Burns told contestants that over the years, some of the tests had taken 15 or 20 minutes to complete, but that in one programme in the 1980 series, when the competitors' tables had been placed too close together for this round, two competitors accidentally picked up pieces from each other's table, making it impossible to complete the puzzle, and nearly an hour went by as they vainly attempted to finish, before the problem was realised  This round was eliminated from the 1995 series 
In the early series, as well as the 2009 revival, a time limit was placed for completion and after the time runs out, the contestants who have not finished are ranked according to the progress they have made on the puzzle  This round was removed (again) in the 2010 series 

General knowledge (1977–1995, 2009–2010)
A quick-fire question round with a varied time limit (which depended on the year) and only one player could answer each question  For most of the run this final round was conducted in darkness using a side shot of the four contestants lit in profile – when a contestant buzzed in, the remaining three players' spotlights would go out  A feature of this round was that, as each question was answered, the next question contained either the answer to the last question, a word from the last answer, or a word that sounded like it  Originally players were asked as many toss-up questions as time allowed, with two points added for a correct answer and two points deducted for an incorrect response or none at all (+/- 1 in the first series) 
Later the round was in two stages: the first stage had the contestants answering three general knowledge questions each from the same set of categories with 2 points for each correct answer, then it was on to stage 2 which was the quick-fire stage, which lasted 90 seconds, with each question worth +/- 1  Starting in 1986, the round consisted solely of a quick-fire round  Until 1987, the round lasted 100 seconds and each question worth +/- 1  In 1988 the values changed to +/- 2 points, and the time was reduced to 90 seconds (100 in 1989, and 75 in 1993 and 1995)  In 2009, the round lasted 70 seconds, and a correct answer was worth two points while an incorrect answer cost one point  In the 2010 series, time was increased from 70 seconds to 90 seconds  The player with the highest Krypton Factor won the game, and in the event of a tie, the tied players were asked further questions until the tie was broken 

Super Round (1995)
In 1995, the game was decided by a "Super Round," a race that encompassed all abilities from the previous rounds  At the start of the round, players were shown five coloured circles, each with a letter or number, and the players had to memorize the sequence before making a parachute jump down 50 feet to the floor  They then entered the Kryptic Rings, a three-dimensional maze of interlocking rings with numbered and lettered junctions where following and correctly interpreting the sequence (by following the circles clockwise, starting with the circle of their colour) would lead each player to their correct exit  Each exit was marked with a letter, which they would memorize on their way to the next part of the race, the Laser Matrix, preceded by a computer where each player had to log in by hitting the letter key matching their exit  Each player then had to type in four words with a common thread, however each key corresponded to a different letter according to a code (such as each key giving the preceding letter) 
After cracking the code and typing in the four words, each player had to cross a corridor of shifting laser beams, where breaking each beam resulted in a seven-second penalty  Once out, the players entered the Response Revolve, a rotating cylinder where each player had to collect six batons of their colour from their holds, however, each baton could only be removed when a light by the baton flashed, and all lights flashed according to a sequence  Once all six batons were out and placed in the player's pedestal, each player had to run to the Krypton Mountain, where they first had to build a four-piece ladder, which they ascended before making a vertical climb up the Krypton Mountain, completing the race by grabbing a letter K of their colour at the top of the Krypton Mountain 
The players started at the same time and place, and used their points from the first five rounds to buy advantages, such as directional arrows in the Rings, completed words at the computer (in Heat 2 of Group C, an easier path through the Laser Matrix), batons already removed from the Response Revolve, or ladder pieces already built  The value of each advantage varied with the heats, group finals and final  The player who won the Super Round won the game, and completion time was used to determine who held the wild card spot 
The Super Round was also notable for a few incidents regarding cheating; in Group B, two contestants (both wearing yellow) were disqualified for unknowingly breaking the rules of the Super Round  Heat 1 contestant Simon Evans was disqualified as he had not completely finished all four words at the Laser Matrix computer (having produced a "j" instead of an "h" in the third word) yet continuing through the rest of the round regardless (Penny told him about his disqualification at the top of the Krypton Mountain) and in Heat 2 the following week, contestant Alison Riley was disqualified as she had forcibly pulled out batons from the Response Revolve when their adjacent lights weren't flashing and unlike Evans, she was edited out of the remainder of the round after she had begun her ascent on the ladder and a replay was shown of her illegal move  As a result of their actions, Simon Evans and Alison Riley were the only two contestants in Krypton Factor history to be disqualified 

Young Krypton
A spin-off series was produced for children, Young Krypton, and was presented by Ross King  The series was based on a similar structure to the adult version, but with simpler intelligence tasks and a shorter obstacle course (located at The American Adventure Theme Park near Nottingham, owned by the Granada Group at the time) in place of the Physical Ability round 
The 1988 series, which had only five rounds (Mental Agility, Response, Observation, Physical Ability and General Knowledge, with Intelligence in place of Response in the Group and Grand Finals) followed the tournament format of the regular series, while the 1989 series, which only ran 8 episodes, consisted of five heats, two semi-finals, and the Grand Final  The five heat winners plus the three highest runners-up advanced to the semis, the winners of which along with the top two runners-up from both matches qualifying for the Grand Final 
At the end of both series, Gordon Burns appeared to present the trophy to the winner  Also in the 1988 Grand Final, Ross King presented a special trophy to Phillip Westwick, who completed the adventure course in the fastest time 

Special episodes
The Krypton Factor had several Champion of Champions episodes; the first edition aired on 22 December 1980, featuring the winners of the first four series which was won by Philip Bradley (1980) and the trophy was presented by Ian Botham  This was followed by another Champion of Champions edition of the show on 22 July 1985, featuring the winners from the previous four years: John McAllister (1981), John Webley (1982), Chris Topham (1983) and Paul Smith (1984), with McAllister winning the game and trophy  The next Champion of Champions episode aired on 27 March 1989, featuring four star contestants: Marian Chanter and Alison Heath (1987), David Lee (1988) and Andrew Gillam (1985)  This match was won by Alison Heath On 28 March 1988, an International special was broadcast in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand as part of Australia's bi-centennial celebrations  Made in the UK and presented by Gordon Burns, the episode featured Marian Chanter and Alison Heath, winner and runner-up respectively of the UK Krypton Factor Grand Final 1987 and John Cargill and Christopher Connolly, winner and runner-up respectively of the Australia & New Zealand Krypton Factor 1987 final  The International title was won by Alison Heath, and the trophy was presented by Fatima Whitbread 

Theme tune
During the original series of The Krypton Factor, four different theme tunes for the programme were used  The first two theme tunes (the first from 1977 to 1982, and the second from 1983 to 1985) were written by Mike Moran  The theme tune used between 1986 and 1993 was performed by Art of Noise, and is perhaps the programme's best-known theme  It was written by band members Anne Dudley and J  J  Jeczalik  The exact version of this theme tune varied in some episodes/series-for example, the drum beats in the music in some episodes/series were more emphasised, as was the synthesizer melody, but generally it remained the same  Mistakenly referred to as "Beat Box", the track which appeared on their debut album Who's Afraid of the Art of Noise?, it is in fact an original composition, and was reworked as "Crusoe" in 1987  A version of the Art of Noise theme, first heard in 1986, was released on the compilation album Influence in 2010  For the 1995 series, the theme tune was a reworked version of the 1986–93 theme tune, but was performed by Dudley alone with the incidental music composed by Mike Woolmans The music used during the scoring at the end of the Response round in 1988 was "Forgotten Town" by The Christians  In the 1989 series, "Left to My Own Devices" by the Pet Shop Boys was used 
Generally, during the opening title sequence, the contestants were introduced by former Granada Television continuity announcer Charles Foster The music to the 2009 revival was created by Paul Farrer  In their review, UKGameshows asked "can anyone actually remember the new theme "tune"?" 

Merchandise and commercial representations
The Krypton Factor had a number of clothing merchandises, including a pair of black trainers bearing the Krypton K on the sides and the tongue  A Krypton Factor sports bag, mug and teatowel was also produced  Although, not mentioned on the air, all the contestants were given a Sports bag and some clothing with the Krypton Factor logo on them as gifts for appearing on the programme 
A computer game version of The Krypton Factor was published by TV Games and released in 1987 for the home computers of the era  A Krypton Factor Quizbook was published in 1989 
ITV released The Krypton Factor interactive DVD board game via their website in 2010, and then again in 2011  The DVD game is hosted by Ben Shephard Adrenalin in North Yorkshire markets itself as the home of the obstacle course from the TV series, which offers paying public a chance to take on the Assault course Demon Wheelers have developed a team-building event based around the rounds from The Krypton Factor TV series and incorporating an inflatable assault course 
There have also been several Krypton Factor tie-in books published 

Other versions
The Krypton Factor was later exported to the United States  Two short-lived United States versions of The Krypton Factor aired  In 1981, Dick Clark hosted a 5-week summer series on ABC  In 1990, Willie Aames hosted a syndicated version for children  In 2000, a version hosted by Pat O'Brien in production by Fox TV was never shown to the public  In 2015, another version in production for Syfy was also never shown to the public The New Zealand version of The Krypton Factor ran from 1987 to 1991 on TVNZ on TV2 and was hosted by veteran presenter Dougal Stevenson  There was no Response round in the New Zealand version, and the video clips used for the Observation test were taken from the United Kingdom version  The Physical Ability test was done at Burnham Military Camp, just south of Christchurch  The first season in 1987 consisted of a challenge between Australian and New Zealand contestants, with all of the series hosted in New Zealand and aired on ABC in Australia during that time  The winners of the 1987 series competed against the winners of the 1987 series in the United Kingdom  Reruns of The Krypton Factor were screened on TVNZ 6 
A German version of the show called Krypton Faktor presented by Jörg Draeger aired in 1991, with 13 episodes shown on Sat 1 before the show was cancelled 

In popular culture
The series was parodied, in darkly comic form on BBC1's The Armstrong and Miller Show as "The Critical Factor"  Here, the contestant coming last in each event is brutally killed in the background by two figures dressed in black  Plus, the three male contestants are all 'consultant civil engineers', a reference to the number of contestants in the actual show that came from 'white collar' middle-class backgrounds, with the winner, Susan Small, referred to as a 'housewife' A 1990 sketch in series 2 of A Bit of Fry and Laurie depicts a scene in which a representative of an unnamed organisation (Stephen Fry) holds a clandestine meeting in an underground car park with a gruff, vaguely criminal type with an extensive record of adventures (Hugh Laurie)  The "impossible" task that the organisation wants this man to attempt: to watch a full episode of The Krypton Factor, a feat which, according to the organisation's representative, has never been done before 
Even after the axing of the 2009 revival (due to lack of funding), there were plenty of references to The Krypton Factor, especially as one of the prizes on The All-New Blockbusters (hosted by Simon Mayo)  Ironically, in the same year, the "1" and the "2" in the logo for the London 2012 Olympics had accidentally made a reference to the show, as fans pointed out its similarities to the very first Krypton Factor "K" from the early 1980s 
A deleted scene from the ITV variety series It'll Be Alright on the Night made it to many compilations; it showed Ben Shephard biting his tongue, after he accidentally said "two points for second", instead of fourth  It was subsequently referenced on the game show Tipping Point (which Shephard also presented) as a question 
The series was also referenced in the ITV documentary Come On Down: The Game Show Story, with current Krypton Factor presenter Ben Shephard and former presenter Gordon Burns both hinting that it was a mistake on ITV's part to end the programme 

Transmissions
United Kingdom Superperson of the Year
This is a complete list of all winners (include one female and 19 male contestants) from 20 series of the show:
Passage 5:
A Word in Your Ear
A Word in Your Ear is a game show that originally aired BBC1 from 19 April 1993 to 14 October 1994 then on The Family Channel from 1995  
The programme originated on ITV Tyne Tees in 1990 and ran for two series locally, on Fridays at 6:30pm, also hosted by Burns as seen in this TV guide from the time  https://transdiffusion org/2014/10/18/tonights-tv-in-1991/
It was hosted by Gordon Burns, best known for hosting ITV's The Krypton Factor (1977-1995)  The host presided over male and female pairs of celebrities as they participate in a few rounds of communication games  Celebrities appearing included Lynsey De Paul, Nick Owen, Philippa Kennedy and Bob Holness 

Transmissions
Passage 6:
Krypto the Superdog
Krypto the Superdog is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros  Animation, based on Superman's canine companion Krypto, which premiered on Cartoon Network on March 25, 2005 (exactly 50 years after his comic debut), and aired on The CW's Saturday morning block Kids' WB from September 23, 2006 until September 15, 2007  39 episodes were produced A comic book series (based on the TV show) was published by DC Comics under the Johnny DC imprint, which lasted 6 issues, from 2006 to 2007 
The show was developed by producers Alan Burnett and Paul Dini, who had produced the successful Batman: The Animated Series and Superman: The Animated Series  Instead of continuing in that style, Krypto was produced in a manner reminiscent of the Hanna-Barbera shows of the 1960s to the 1980s, from the sound effects down to the animation style (veteran Hanna-Barbera designer Iwao Takamoto served as a creative consultant) 

Plot
As the planet Krypton is about to be destroyed, Superman's father Jor-El makes a ship and puts a white puppy named Krypto into it for a test flight to see if it is safe enough for interstellar travel  While aboard the ship, Krypto was playing with his ball when he accidentally destroyed several wires and causes the ship to release a sleeping gas to put him into a deep sleep while it heads on to Earth  When he arrived in Earth's solar system he woke up and found himself fully grown  The rocket's computer system gave him a collar and an ID with an intergalactic communicator 
Upon landing on Earth, Krypto is a full-grown dog, possessed of superpowers similar to those of Superman's (since all Kryptonian life-forms gain superpowers from exposure to a yellow sun, such as Earth's sun)  Later, he is adopted by Kevin Whitney, a 9-year-old boy, with whom Superman arranges for him to stay (as Superman himself is often too busy saving the world to take care of him)  Krypto poses as an ordinary dog while living with Kevin's family, but adopts the secret identity of Krypto the Superdog for his superheroic deeds; Kevin is aware of Krypto's dual identity, but the rest of Kevin's family is not (excluding Kevin's spoiled cousin Bailey, who found out accidentally)  Kevin lives next door to Andrea, a girl who takes care of Krypto's best friend, Streaky 
In the series, the various animals, including Krypto, all are capable of speaking to each other, but not to humans, except for Kevin and later Andrea (they are able to communicate with Krypto and the other animals thanks to a universal translator that they wear, known as an intergalactic communicator)  The viewers can understand them, though, especially when Krypto and Streaky talk to the camera 
With his allies Streaky the Supercat, Ace the Bat-Hound, and Stretch-O-Mutt, Krypto fights the plots of Lex Luthor's pet iguana Ignatius, Joker's pet hyenas Bud and Lou, Penguin's trained birds called the Bad News Birds, and Catwoman's cat Isis  When working either alone or with a group of alien dog superheroes known as the Dog Star Patrol, Krypto faces off against the evil Mechanikat and his agents Snooky Wookums and Delilah 

Episodes
Characters
Main
Krypto the Superdog (voiced by Samuel Vincent) is the main protagonist of the show, formerly Superman's pet on Krypton before it was destroyed  Krypto came to Earth in a rocket when it malfunctioned  He is a white Labrador Retriever and has all of the powers of Superman, though some are heightened due to being a dog, such as his super hearing and sense of smell  Krypto also shares Superman's moral values and feelings 
Streaky the Supercat (voiced by Brian Drummond), Krypto's best friend and sidekick, is an orange Somali cat with a yellow streak along his back who lives next door to Krypto and Kevin's family  He gained Kryptonian-like powers and weaknesses after an accident involving a duplicating ray that was aimed at Krypto, but deflected off him and hit Streaky instead  Unlike Krypto, Streaky is less serious about his superhero activities, and sometimes needs prodding to perform heroic deeds, but usually is dependable  He also has a nephew named Squeaky who is the leader of the Supercat Fan Club  Streaky often refers to Krypto as "K-Dog" 
Ace the Bat-Hound (voiced by Scott McNeil) is Batman's pet Great Dane (though Ace says that he is Batman's partner) who is the mentor of Krypto, Streaky and the Dog Star Patrol  Ace fights crime utilizing various detective skills and gadgetry built into his collar (an analogue of Batman's utility belt); he also uses a rocket sled for traveling long distances  Ace wears a dark-colored cape and collar similar to Batman's, and (like Batman) possesses a stoic personality  However, Ace does occasionally work alongside Krypto and considers him an ally  Ace's nemeses are Catwoman's pet cat, Isis, the Joker's two pet hyenas Bud and Lou, and the Penguin's three trained pet birds Artie, Griff, and Waddles 
Kevin Whitney (voiced by Alberto Ghisi) is the 9-year-old young boy who Krypto lives with in the series, with Superman's permission  Kevin enjoys Krypto's company greatly, and is able to communicate with him and the other animals in the series thanks to a universal translator device  Kevin has a bratty cousin named Bailey who finds out Krypto's secret, but fortunately, he is such a notorious liar that no adult believes him 
Andrea Sussman (voiced by Tabitha St  Germain) is Kevin's next-door neighbor and the owner of Streaky  Andrea enjoys making Streaky play dress-up, but was unaware of his (or Krypto's) superheroic identity until later in the series, when she accidentally stumbles upon Krypto's spaceship  In "Iguanikkah", it is revealed that Andrea is Jewish and celebrates Hanukkah  She loves to play and dress up Streaky, and she treats him like a baby The Dog Star Patrol are a superpowered group of canines who each possess a unique superpower, and fight crime across the galaxy  Krypto joined the Dog Star Patrol by helping the group out on a mission  Ace the Bat-Hound and Streaky the Supercat also helped them out on different occasions  The group is based on DC Comics' Space Canine Patrol Agents with elements of the Legion of Super-Heroes  Members of the Dog Star Patrol include:

Brainy Barker (voiced by Ellen Kennedy) - A purple Saluki and leader of the Dog Star Patrol  Brainy Barker possesses telepathic/telekinetic powers, allowing her to read minds, project force fields, and levitate objects 
Mammoth Mutt (voiced by Kelly Sheridan) - A pink Chihuahua with the ability to inflate her body to an enormous ball-shaped size, allowing her to use her size to attack foes  She can also expand other parts of her body 
Bull Dog (voiced by Michael Dobson) - A lavender Bulldog with a stereotypical British accent and two retractable, bull-like horns that can be used for attacking foes and breaking objects 
Paw Pooch (voiced by Dale Wilson) - A yellow and brown Basset Hound with eight legs that enable him to dig and run quickly  They can also grow in size, as seen in "Puss In Space Boots" 
Tail Terrier (voiced by Peter Kelamis) - A green Scottish Terrier with the ability to stretch his tail and use it like a lasso  He also has a stereotypical Texas accent 
Tusky Husky (voiced by Terry Klassen) - A sky blue Alaskan Malamute with a stereotypical French-Canadian accent and a giant front tooth which is incredibly durable and can be used as a drill 
Hot Dog (voiced by Trevor Devall) - A red Dachshund with the ability to generate tremendous heat from his body and breathe fire  He also has a short temper, but started to control his anger in "Bones Of Contention" 
Drooly (voiced by Ty Olsson): An Old English Sheepdog who can use his drool as a weapon in various ways, such as grabbing objects, creating bubbles, and using it as projectiles  Appeared only in "The New Recruit" and was made a reserve member after defeating Mechanikat's forces 

Supporting
Superman (voiced by Michael Daingerfield) - The main superhero of Metropolis and Krypto's original owner  He was only seen in "Krypto's Scrypto", allowing Kevin to watch over Krypto because of how busy he is 
Stretch-O-Mutt (voiced by Lee Tockar): Buddy, a Bloodhound at S T A R  Labs, accidentally fell into a vat of chemicals and developed shape-changing powers similar to Plastic Man and Elongated Man  Sometimes he can be too silly for his own good 
Thundermutt (voiced by Phil Hayes) - An egotistical, world-famous canine actor who was somewhat jealous of Krypto when he "stole" the limelight at one of his movie premieres (Thundermutt II: Scratch And Sniff)  Though he is cowardly, he is also mostly good at heart  The films he has appeared in, that are mentioned in the show, are Thundermutt II: Scratch And Sniff, Invasion of the Alien Cats, K-9 Krusader and Harry Rottweiler and the Doghouse of Doom (a parody of Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom) 
Jimmy the Rat (voiced by Phil Hayes) - A rat and informant for Krypto and Ace 
Robbie the Bird Wonder (voiced by David Paul Grove) - An American robin whose life was saved after he witnessed an encounter between Ace and the Joker's hyenas  After that, he decides to be Ace's sidekick, much to Ace's dismay  Robbie was based on Robin  Like Ace, he has gadgets like a glider, birdarangs, and egg bombs and he also came back to Gotham to be partners with Ace 
The Supercat Fan Club - A group of kittens who are fans of Streaky, and occasionally assist him in crime-fighting despite not having powers  They consist of Streaky's nephew Squeaky (voiced by Lee Tockar), Nikki (voiced by Kathleen Barr), Puff (voiced by Samuel Vincent), and Ramone (voiced by Brian Drummond) 
Melanie Whitney (voiced by Tabitha St  Germain) - Kevin's 2-year-old baby sister  She knows that Krypto ("Kippo" as she puts it) is Superdog, but being a baby, her parents do not take her seriously 
Smokey (voiced by Phil Hayes) - A Dalmatian who appears in "Old Dog, New Tricks"  He believes that the firemen are going to replace him with a new puppy  So Streaky paints spots on Krypto to prove that Smokey is still up to the job, though at the end of the episode, he is still in the Fire Service working with Blaze 
Blaze - The Dalmatian puppy in "Old Dog, New Tricks"  Streaky thought Blaze was intended to be Smokey's replacement, but Smokey explained that Blaze is his new trainee  The firemen believe that Smokey can teach Blaze the ropes until the time he helps in fire emergencies 
Dooley (voiced by Brad Swaile) - A dolphin who befriends Krypto and Streaky when they were turned into fish in "Furry Fish" 
Dogbot (voiced by Scott McNeil) - A robot dog built by Jor-El to keep Krypto company while he was in space, he appears in the episode of the same name and Dogbot to the rescue 

Antagonists
Mechanikat (voiced by Mark Oliver) is the main antagonist of the series, he is based on Metallo  Mechanikat is a cyborg feline, who constantly plots to conquer Earth  He usually keeps a bit of green Kryptonite on hand to use against Krypto, or to power up his machines with so they can affect Krypto  He is also a member of the Intergalactic Villains Club (a spoof of the Legion of Doom) who gather in a base similar to the Hall of Doom  Due to Mechanicat's repeated failure to defeat Krypto, he has been unable to get elected as leader with the recent election having the members voting for Glorg to be the leader of the Intergalactic Villains Club Snooky Wookums (voiced by Nicole Bouma) is Mechanikat's sidekick and secret agent  Snooky is a blue kitten mastermind who uses his cuteness and intelligence to cause trouble  He later became part of the Supercat Fan Club 
Delilah (voiced by Kathleen Barr) is another feline agent of Mechanikat  She helped make the Katbots, and is skilled in kung fu 
The Katbots are the foot soldiers of Mechanikat 
Ignatius (voiced by Scott McNeil) is the pet green iguana of Superman's archenemy, Lex Luthor  Like Luthor, Ignatius is very intelligent, vain and is morally ambivalent; however, he is effete, selfish and tends to behave in a much less dignified manner than Luthor  He is also more prone to engaging in frivolous (and dangerous) personal whims, such as employing a growth ray to enlarge a caterpillar for food or using a wind tunnel to harvest one of Krypto's hairs as part of a scheme to grow a lovely fur coat  Notable is that on occasion, he shows basic morals and honor 

Other antagonists
Lex Luthor (voiced by Brian Dobson) - An evil genius and the owner of Ignatius, who is very intelligent and uses technology to take over the city  He is Superman's archnemesis that is always causing chaos and is the CEO of LexCorp where he makes his own top secret gadgets 
Bud and Lou (voiced by Peter Kelamis and Lee Tockar) - A pair of spotted hyenas who serve the Joker, previously having been created for Batman: The Animated Series  Their names are references to comedians Abbott and Costello  Additionally, they are depicted with red fur and are practically identical in appearance, only being distinguished by their collar colors - Bud purple and Lou green 
Isis (voiced by Kathleen Barr) - Catwoman's cat, originally created for Batman: The Animated Series, who like her is seductive, and a master thief  In Batman: The Animated Series she was a black or dark gray cat - possibly a Russian Blue; here, she is a Siamese 
The Bad News Birds - Three trained birds who work with the Penguin and are usually up to some elaborate caper  They consist of the puffin Artie (voiced by Dale Wilson), vulture Griff (voiced by Matt Hill), and penguin Waddles (voiced by Terry Klassen),
Dogwood (voiced by Louis Chirillo) - A half-dog, half-plant hybrid who can bring plants to life  He bears a striking resemblance to another cartoon canine, Muttley 
Mertin the Magnificent (voiced by Scott McNeil) - A magician's rabbit who wields a magic wand that he stole from his master  His only real intentions are stealing carrots, but he can hold his own against Krypto and Ace if confronted by them  His name is a reference to the famous wizard, Merlin 
Superflea (voiced by Scott McNeil) - A Kryptonian flea who stowed away on Krypto's ship  Like all Kryptonian creatures, it gained a multitude of powers under Earth's yellow sun  It was ultimately driven off by a spray can, and stowed away on a plane 
The Junkyard Dogs - A group of never-do-well stray dogs  At best small-time hoods, they do periodically menace the heroes, and once took advantage of Krypto when he lost his memory due to Red Kryptonite  They consist of Mutsy (voiced by Lee Tockar), Beazel (voiced by Brian Drummond), and Beane (voiced by Samuel Vincent)  Additionally, Rosie (voiced by Janyse Jaud) was formerly part of the group and Mutsy's girlfriend, but later left and was adopted by flower saleswoman Mrs  Fritch 
Krypto's Tail (voiced by Samuel Vincent) - Once, when Krypto was exposed to Red Kryptonite, his tail became sentient, separated from him and caused havoc in Metropolis  After Krypto and the Dog Star Patrol defeated it, they learned that it only wanted freedom, and brought it to an island to roam until the Kryptonite's effects wore off 
Bailey Whitney (voiced by Reece Thompson in Season 1 and Noel Callahan in Season 2) - Kevin and Melanie's bratty cousin, who bullies Kevin and Krypto  Bailey too discovered Krypto's secret and has unsuccessfully tried to reveal it 
Blackbeak (voiced by Brian Drummond): A thorn on Stretch-O-Mutt's side  Blackbeak is a parrot who leads a pirate crew called the Pi-Rats, who steal cheese and crackers  He additionally wears a Kryptonite necklace and hates cats 
Barrump Barrump (voiced by Phil Hayes) - A sinister space monkey who pulls pranks all around the galaxy  In his self-titled episode, he steals a device that freezes time so that he can pull pranks on everyone on Earth  He is known as the "Primate Prankster" and is one of the galaxy's most dangerous criminals 

Voice cast
Samuel Vincent as Krypto the Superdog
Brian Drummond as Streaky the Supercat and Edward 'Eddy' Whitney (Kevin's father)
Scott McNeil as Ace the Bat-Hound, Ignatius, Mertin the Magnificent and Super-Flea
Ellen Kennedy as Brainy Barker
Kelly Sheridan as Mammoth Mutt
Michael Dobson as Bull Dog
Dale Wilson as Paw Pooch and Artie
Peter Kelamis as Tail Terrier
Terry Klassen as Tusky Husky and Waddles
Trevor Devall as Hot Dog
Lee Tockar as Stretch-O-Mutt
David Paul Grove as Robbie the Robin
Mark Oliver as Mechanikat
Nicole Bouma as Snooky Wookums
Alberto Ghisi as Kevin Whitney
Tabitha St  Germain as Andrea Sussman and Melanie Whitney
Nicole Oliver as Mary Whitney (Kevin's mother)
Michael Daingerfield as Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman
Brian Dobson as Lex Luthor
Kathleen Barr as Isis and Delilah
Matt Hill as Griff
Ty Olsson as Drooly

Additional voices
Ending and broadcast reruns
On December 15, 2006, the series ended  Reruns were shown on Kids' WB as part of the then-new CW network's E/I requirement, but stopped airing due to Kids' WB opting to use Cookie Jar Entertainment's shows Will & Dewitt and Magi-Nation  Krypto was aired on Boomerang from February 5, 2007 for a duration of 7 years until January 3, 2014  The two-part holiday special, "Iguanukkah", aired on Cartoon Network, December 21, 2008 (as well as Christmas Eve and Christmas Day), as part of the all-day holiday specials marathon  It was shown on Boomerang 
Overseas, the show currently airs on Boomerang in Australia and on France 3 (as part of Ludo) in France  The show began airing on Boomerang Latin America in 2014  In the UK & Ireland, the series, upon starting, aired on the CBBC Channel before later moving to Cartoonito  However, as of November 2017, it appears to be no longer broadcast on that channel  Since September 2018, It started airing reruns on Tooncast in Latin America 

Home media
Warner Home Video released two DVD volumes in 2006 - each featured a few episodes from the first season; no further releases took place until it was announced that the complete series would be released on DVD on September 27, 2022  The series was recently added alongside other DC animated shows onto HBO Max, but currently only in Latin America 
Passage 7:
Gordon Burns
Gordon Henry Burns (born 10 June 1942) is a Northern Irish journalist and broadcaster  He was the host of The Krypton Factor for its original 18-year run (1977–1995) and was the chief anchorman for the BBC regional news programme North West Tonight from January 1997 to October 2011  In November 2011, Burns moved back to Belfast where he was born 
Due to his work commitments with Granada Television on programmes such as World in Action and Granada Reports and later BBC Manchester for North West Tonight, he resided in Manchester for over thirty years  Burns most recently hosted a Sunday morning radio show for BBC Radio Manchester and BBC Radio Lancashire  He is known for a bona fide style of presenting which has made him popular with his audience 

Early life
Burns was born in Wellington Park, in Belfast  When he was a child his family moved to Kent where he attended the local primary school and then went to Dulwich College in London  The family then returned to live at Belfast's Belmont Road, where Gordon attended Campbell College 

Career
He began his journalism career working on the Belfast Telegraph and worked on BBC radio's long-running Sports Report before joining Ulster Television as a sports editor and programme producer in 1967  Two years later, Burns began presenting the nightly news programme UTV Reports, first as a stand-in for regular frontman David Mahlowe and later as a chief anchor, during the early stages of The Troubles  In 1973, Burns joined Granada Television to anchor their nightly news programme Granada Reports and to work on the station's current affairs output, including World in Action 
In September 1976 he presented a edition of the North West Friday night Football preview programme Kick Off covering for the regular presenter  Gerald Sinstadt who that weekend was covering for Dickie Davies on World of Sport and was also covering the presenter and commentator roles for the Sunday Afternoon match highlights based version The Kick Off Match where he presented the programme and commentated on Sunderland v Manchester City at Roker Park which was being covered by Tyne Tees cameras for Granada viewers which was the main match that weekend at the time he was the producer of both Kick Off and The Kick Off Match but this stint as presenter and commentator was a one-off
Burns' national profile began with his association of ITV's game show The Krypton Factor which he presented for eighteen years from 1977 to 1995  He was the presenter of Password for Ulster, one of their few programmes shown throughout the ITV network, and also hosted a segment in several series of LWT's Surprise Surprise  During the 1980s, Burns also continued reporting from the political party conferences for the ITV network and presenting the Channel 4 current affairs series Irish Angle  In the early 90s, he also presented two parlour game shows for the BBC – A Word in Your Ear and Relatively Speaking  He has also appeared as a guest on Noel's House Party, and on Shooting Stars as a member of Ulrika Jonsson's team 
From 1997 to 2011, Burns presented North West Tonight, alongside its shorter lunchtime version, North West Today  In 2007, Ranvir Singh joined as co-anchor of the previously single-headed main evening programme  Burns announced in April 2011 that he would be retiring from the role but would move on to present a Sunday morning show on BBC Radio Manchester and BBC Radio Lancashire in September 2011 with his last TV bulletin broadcast on 30 September 
He was the voice of "The Chain" feature and other features on the Radcliffe & Maconie show on BBC Radio 6 Music  He appears as a guest on the show when The Chain reaches a significant milestone, for example, for the 5,000th (musically based) item on 3 March 2015 which was the single "Dancing Queen" by ABBA 
In 2013, Burns retired properly after stepping down from his radio show 

Personal life
Burns is the second cousin of British singer/songwriter Ed Sheeran  Burns is married and has two adult children 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Middletown, Kentucky
Middletown is an independent, home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States, and a former neighborhood of Louisville  The population was 7,218 at the 2010 census 
The city is also home to the main campus of the largest church in the state (and one of the country's largest Protestant churches), the Southeast Christian Church 

History
The City of Middletown was originally incorporated in 1797 by the Jefferson County Court on 500 acres of land lying on a branch of the forks of Beargrass Creek that originally belonged to Jacob Meyers and Culberth Harrison  Though there is no recorded explanation why the city was named Middletown, it is commonly believed that that name was chosen because the town was in the "middle" of the two older cities of Louisville which was founded June 24, 1778, and Shelbyville, which was founded December 20, 1792  In 1871 the Kentucky General Assembly amended the original charter to increase Middletown's boundaries 
After failing to hold elections and collect taxes after 1919, Circuit Judge McCauley Smith dissolved the city's charter on July 26, 1960, and Middletown lost its 163-year-old city status  The city's charter was restored as a sixth-class city on August 7, 1976 with a commission form of government  On July 15, 1982, this was upgraded to the status of a fourth-class city 

Geography
Middletown is located at 38°14′36″N 85°31′51″W (38 243342, -85 530842)  in northeast Jefferson County, Kentucky near Louisville, Kentucky 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5 10 square miles (13 2 km2), of which 5 04 square miles (13 1 km2) is land and 0 061 square miles (0 16 km2) (1 20%) is water 

Demographics
2010
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,218 people, 3,292 households, and 1,966 families living in the city  The population density was 1,414 9 inhabitants per square mile (546 3/km2)  There were 3,547 housing units at an average density of 695 3 per square mile (268 5/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 87 1% White (85 1% non-Hispanic), 7 1% African American, 0 11% Native American or Alaska Native, 2 8% Asian, 0 07% Pacific Islander, 0 87% from other races, and 1 9% from two or more races  Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3 2% of the population 
There were 3,292 households, out of which 26 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45 4% were married couples living together, 11 5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2 9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40 3% were non-families  35 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 19 and the average family size was 2 86 

The age distribution was 21 4% under 18, 5 7% from 18 to 24, 24 3% from 25 to 44, 30 2% from 45 to 64, and 18 4% who were 65 or older  The median age was 43 8 years  For every 100 females, there were 85 6 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80 0 males 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,744 people, 2,391 households, and 1,654 families living in the city  The population density was 1,181 4 inhabitants per square mile (456 1/km2)  There were 2,543 housing units at an average density of 523 0 per square mile (201 9/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 90 39% White, 5 54% African American, 0 30% Native American or Alaska Native, 1 44% Asian, 0 09% Pacific Islander, 0 66% from other races, and 1 58% from two or more races  Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1 50% of the population 
There were 2,391 households, out of which 33 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55 7% were married couples living together, 11 2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30 8% were non-families  26 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 40 and the average family size was 2 92 
The age distribution was 24 8% under the age of 18, 6 4% from 18 to 24, 31 1% from 25 to 44, 25 6% from 45 to 64, and 12 1% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females, there were 90 1 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84 5 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $53,608, and the median income for a family was $61,667  Males had a median income of $45,417 versus $33,135 for females  The per capita income for the city was $26,660  About 2 3% of families and 4 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3 6% of those under age 18 and 8 0% of those age 65 or over 

Education
Public education in Middletown is administered by Jefferson County Public Schools, which operates Eastern High School, Hite Elementary, Middletown Elementary, and Crosby Middle School in the Middletown area  Middletown also has multiple privately funded schools  There is also a branch of the Louisville Free Public Library 

Government Services
Anchorage-Middletown-Eastwood-Worthington fire and EMS operates out of 11 stations to provide fire protection to 90 square miles of the eastern Louisville Metro area  Middletown is also home to a small 24 hour paid police department based out of city hall  Middletown is also home to LMPD’s 8th division  EMS is serviced by the fire department and Louisville 
metro EMS 
Passage 2:
Grayson, Kentucky
Grayson is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Carter County, Kentucky, United States, on US Route 60 and Interstate 64 in the state's northeastern region   It is approximately 21 miles west of Ashland   Within the city limits, the population was 4,217 at the 2010 census  Along with Carter County, the city is closely associated with the nearby Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area and is often erroneously included  in the MSA being just 9 miles west of the M S A's western boundary 
The city has grown in size substantially since the opening of Interstate 64 in 1975 through Carter County  Immediately afterwards, Grayson experienced several years of commercial sector growth, mainly to serve the Interstate 64 traffic  Since 1990, the city has also seen significant growth in the residential sector with the Interstate making for a faster trip to and from Ashland  Beginning in 1995, AA Highway terminates in Grayson making the city a gateway to the Huntington-Ashland urban area 

History
After the Revolutionary War, George Washington's aide-de-camp Col  William Grayson received a 70,000-acre (280 km2) tract of land for his service during the war from the state of Virginia  By 1838, a small portion of this tract was set aside for the development of a town named for him  Although Grayson had only five streets and eighty lots, it was established by the General Assembly on February 6, 1844, and it was incorporated on February 22, 1860 
Grayson, Kentucky was a stop on the Eastern Kentucky Railway 

Geography
Grayson is located in east-central Carter County at 38°20′5″N 82°56′33″W (38 334738, -82 942368), along the Little Sandy River, a tributary of the Ohio River 
Route 60 passes through the city as Main Street and is intersected in downtown by Kentucky Routes 1 and 7 (Carol Malone Boulevard)  Interstate 64 runs through the northern end of the city, with access to KY 7 at Exit 172  Kentucky Route 9, the AA Highway, begins from KY 1-and-7 just north of the city limits and runs 111 miles (179 km) to the Cincinnati area  Huntington, West Virginia, is 29 miles (47 km) east of Grayson via I-64, and Lexington is 96 miles (154 km) to the west 
According to the United States Census Bureau, Grayson has a total area of 2 9 square miles (7 5 km2), of which 2 8 square miles (7 3 km2) is land and 0 039 square miles (0 1 km2), or 1 95%, is water 

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters   According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Grayson has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps  Since 2002, nine different severe storms have struck Grayson, with each storm causing enough damage to warrant federal assistance for disaster recovery 

Education
Grayson is served by the Carter County School District  Schools located within the city includes:

Heritage Elementary School
Prichard Elementary School
East Carter Middle School
East Carter High SchoolThe campus of Kentucky Christian University (formerly Kentucky Christian College) is located in Grayson 
Grayson has a lending library, a branch of the Carter County Public Library 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,877 people, 1,415 households, and 938 families residing in the city  The population density was 1,549 1 inhabitants per square mile (598 1/km2)  There were 1,538 housing units at an average density of 614 5 per square mile (237 3/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 98 32% White, 0 52% African American, 0 39% Native American, 0 28% Asian, 0 03% Pacific Islander, 0 18% from other races, and 0 28% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 77% of the population 
There were 1,415 households, out of which 31 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46 9% were married couples living together, 16 0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33 7% were non-families  31 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 31 and the average family size was 2 86 
In the city the population was spread out, with 21 9% under the age of 18, 19 0% from 18 to 24, 24 3% from 25 to 44, 18 5% from 45 to 64, and 16 3% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 32 years  For every 100 females, there were 83 0 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78 0 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $19,683, and the median income for a family was $26,280  Males had a median income of $32,022 versus $18,875 for females  The per capita income for the city was $11,879  About 27 7% of families and 31 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44 8% of those under age 18 and 22 3% of those age 65 or over 

Notable residents
Charlie Borders, former Kentucky State Senator
Jason Smith, chef, TV personality
Robin L  Webb, Kentucky State Senator and former Kentucky State Representative
Carol Malone Operatic soprano at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, San Francisco and Metropolitan Operas 
Jill York, former member of the Kentucky House of Representatives
Montana Fouts, All American softball pitcher for University of Alabama

See also
East Carter High School shooting, a school shooting that occurred in Grayson in 1993
Passage 3:
Poplar Hills, Kentucky
Poplar Hills is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States  It is a part of the Louisville Metro government, but operates as a city under the Mayor to Commissioner form of government  Per the 2020 census, the population was 380, but the city administration has made several annexation ordinances that have passed and awaits updated information  The current city population is estimated to be 2380  It currently has the highest population density for any city in Kentucky 

Geography
Poplar Hills is located in central Jefferson County at 38°10′35″N 85°41′37″W (38 176490, -85 693492)  It is bordered to the northeast by Watterson Park and on all other sides by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County  Kentucky Route 864 (Poplar Level Road) runs along the northeast border of the community  Downtown Louisville is 7 miles (11 km) to the northwest 
According to the United States Census Bureau, Poplar Hills has a total area of 0 03 square miles (0 07 km2), all land 

Demographics
2020 census
2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 396 people, 234 households, and 77 families residing in the city  The population density was 17,036 0 inhabitants per square mile (6,577 6/km2)  There were 240 housing units at an average density of 10,324 8 per square mile (3,986 4/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 40 15% White, 55 30% African American, 0 76% Asian, 1 52% from other races, and 2 27% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2 27% of the population 
There were 234 households, out of which 15 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 15 4% were married couples living together, 12 8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 66 7% were non-families  50 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 1 69 and the average family size was 2 36 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 14 4% under the age of 18, 20 7% from 18 to 24, 44 7% from 25 to 44, 17 4% from 45 to 64, and 2 8% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 28 years  For every 100 females, there were 85 9 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85 2 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $26,964, and the median income for a family was $22,000  Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $22,083 for females  The per capita income for the city was $19,879  About 19 1% of families and 19 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31 9% of those under age 18 and 46 2% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 4:
Jeffersontown, Kentucky
Jeffersontown is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States  The population was 26,595 at the 2010 U S  census 
It is a major suburb of Louisville  When the Louisville Metro government was established in 2003, Jeffersontown chose to retain its status as an independent city  It is the metro area's largest municipality outside Louisville   Locally, the city is often referred to by the abbreviated name J-town 

History
Before European exploration, this was occupied by succeeding cultures of Native Americans  They hunted the area for its rich game, including bison herds  The bison created paths through the forests and meadows for their seasonal migrations that were later used by Native Americans and, in turn, by Europeans and Americans alike 
Located in southeastern Jefferson County, along the north central border of Kentucky, Jeffersontown was initially developed in the late 1700s as a stopover and trading station for early European-American pioneers on their way to the Falls of the Ohio at Louisville  Farmers began to cultivate the rich land, which was surveyed by Thomas Bullitt in 1773 and John Floyd the next year  The Hites, Tylers, and Oldhams all settled the area under land grants given to veterans for military service following the American Revolutionary War, as the new government was cash poor In 1794, Abraham Bruner purchased 122 acres (49 ha) of land  In May 1797, he successfully petitioned the Jefferson County Fiscal Court to incorporate a 40-acre (16 ha) section of his land as the city of Jefferson – named either after the county or after Thomas Jefferson, then the vice president of the United States  The city was long known as Bruner's Town or Brunerstown by its inhabitants, but the usage Jefferson Town eventually became adopted as its present name A large, 600-acre area from the pioneer days has been preserved since the late 20th century and recognized as the Tyler Settlement Rural Historic District  It is used largely for agricultural purposes  This district is east of Jeffersontown; it contains several of the Tylers' original log cabins and barns  A large portion of the Tyler settlement is known as the Blackacre Nature Preserve  This 170-acre tract is used by Jefferson County public schools as part of their environmental education 

Geography
Jeffersontown is located at 38°12′22″N 85°34′25″W (38 206102, -85 573619)  According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10 0 square miles (26 km2), of which 9 9 square miles (26 km2) is land and 0 10% is water 

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 26,595 people, 10,653 households, and 7,275 families residing in the city  The population density was 2,675 9 inhabitants per square mile (1,033 2/km2)  There were 11,220 housing units at an average density of 1,127 3 per square mile (435 3/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 82 2% White, 11 1% African American, 0 2% Native American, 1 8% Asian, 0 1% Pacific Islander, 2 1% from other races, and 2 5% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5 04% of the population 

There were 10,653 households, out of which 32 9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54 3% were married couples living together, 10 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31 7% were non-families  26 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 46 and the average family size was 2 99 

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24 8% under the age of 18, 7 7% from 18 to 24, 33 4% from 25 to 44, 23 3% from 45 to 64, and 10 8% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 36 years  For every 100 females, there were 92 8 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89 1 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $51,999, and the median income for a family was $60,951  Males had a median income of $41,345 versus $29,537 for females  The per capita income for the city was $23,977  About 3 7% of families and 4 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5 4% of those under age 18 and 5 4% of those age 65 or over 

Economy
The Bluegrass Commerce Park (formerly known as The Bluegrass Research & Industrial Park) opened in 1966 and encompasses 600 acres (2 4 km2)  It was the first such development in the United States  Today, Bluegrass Commerce Park has expanded to more than 1,800 acres (7 3 km2) and is home to approximately 850 businesses  The park is the largest in the state of Kentucky  The 38,000 employees who work there make the park and Jeffersontown the third-largest city of employment in the state 
The park's seven units include:

Bluegrass Commerce Park
Commonwealth Park
Watterson Trail Industrial Park
Plainview Office Park
Jeffersontown Industrial Park
Holloway Industrial Park
Blankenbaker CrossingsPapa John's Pizza has its headquarters in Jeffersontown 
In November 2020, the company announced its new global headquarters would be moved to the Three Ballpark Center at The Battery Atlanta 

Government
The city of Jeffersontown is governed by a mayor and eight city council members  The mayor serves a four-year term of office while the council members serve two-year terms  The city council members are elected at-large, made up of the top eight candidates receiving the most votes in the general election 

Education
Jeffersontown has a lending library, a branch of the Louisville Free Public Library 

Notable people
Jon Ackerson, politician who served in both houses of the Kentucky State Legislature; former Jeffersontown city council member

See also
2018 Jeffersontown shooting
Beechland (Jeffersontown, Kentucky)
Confederate Martyrs Monument in Jeffersontown
Passage 5:
Central City, Kentucky
Central City is a home rule-class city in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, in the United States  The population was 5,819 at the 2020 census  It is the largest city in the county and the principal community in the Central City Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Muhlenberg County 

History
The site of present-day Central City was originally known as "Morehead's Horse Mill" after local resident Charles S  Morehead's steam-powered gristmill  A larger community began to develop after the 1870 advent of the Elizabethtown and Paducah Railroad  A post office was constructed the next year in 1871 and called "Owensboro Junction" after the projected 1872 completion of the Owensboro and Russellville Railroad  By 1873, the settlement was large enough to be incorporated by the state legislature as "Stroud City", after local landowner John Stroud The same year, however, the du Ponts' Central Coal and Iron Company began operation in the area and became so vital to the local economy that the city was reïncorporated in 1882 as "Central City"  Recessions replaced the E&P and the O&R with a procession of different companies, including the Owensboro and Nashville Railway, but the two rights of way always remained in separate hands, keeping Central City an important regional hub for the Illinois Central and the L&N, with train yards, roundhouses, and even an elevated rail station  Coal was mined from nearby fields, prompting explosions such as one in 1912 that killed five workers The expansion of automotive traffic in the early 20th century reduced some of Central City's importance, but it continues to service mainline freight traffic on the Paducah and Louisville Railway and trunk-line service for CSX from Madisonville to the Paradise Combined Cycle Plant, minutes south of the city 
Central City is the only city in Muhlenberg County that allows liquor to be sold by package stores and by the drink in restaurants seating at least 100 persons  Muhlenberg County is dry 

Geography
Central City is located in northeastern Muhlenberg County at 37°17′42″N 87°07′43″W (37 294989, -87 128622)  The Western Kentucky Parkway runs along the southern edge of the city, with access from Exit 58 (U S  Route 431)  The parkway leads northeast 80 miles (130 km) to Elizabethtown and west 57 miles (92 km) to Eddyville  U S  Route 62 passes through Central City south of the city center; it leads northeast 17 miles (27 km) to Beaver Dam and southwest 7 miles (11 km) to Greenville, the Muhlenberg county seat  US 431 passes through Central City's downtown, leading north 35 miles (56 km) to Owensboro and south 36 miles (58 km) to Russellville 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Central City has a total area of 5 25 square miles (13 6 km2), of which 0 01 square miles (0 03 km2), or 0 21%, are water  Terrain in Central City is rolling hills to steep bluffs along the northern boundaries of the city along the Green River  The city, along its northwestern border, is known for its swamps and lowland area that remain at or near the water table year-round 
Most of Central City has a sandstone bedrock with #9 bituminous coal underlying the bedrock  Central City has a number of old underground coal mine shafts that still crisscross the city   Most of these old shafts date back to the early 1900s  The majority of terrain around the city limits is reclaimed land where surface mining has taken place 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,893 people, 2,065 households, and 1,410 families residing in the city  The population density was 1,126 2 inhabitants per square mile (434 8/km2)  There were 2,313 housing units at an average density of 442 0 per square mile (170 7/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 88 07% White, 10 67% African American, 0 05% Native American, 0 24% Asian, 0 02% Pacific Islander, 0 41% from other races, and 0 54% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 80% of the population 
There were 2,065 households, out of which 28 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51 5% were married couples living together, 13 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31 7% were non-families  29 5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 39 and the average family size was 2 95 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 20 1% under the age of 18, 10 6% from 18 to 24, 30 8% from 25 to 44, 22 2% from 45 to 64, and 16 3% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females, there were 116 7 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120 3 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $27,371, and the median income for a family was $32,959  Males had a median income of $29,284 versus $18,265 for females  The per capita income for the city was $12,637  About 18 4% of families and 20 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25 3% of those under age 18 and 21 4% of those age 65 or over 

Education
Central City is home to Central City Elementary School  Central City Elementary School is a feeder school for Muhlenberg North Middle School which, in turn, feeds Muhlenberg County High School 
Central City is also home to the Muhlenberg Campus of Madisonville Community College, completed in 2001 
Central City has a lending library, a branch of the Muhlenberg County Public Library 

Media
WMTA AM 1380, founded 1955
WNES AM, founded in 1955, owned by the Andy Anderson Corporation which founded the station 
WEKV FM 101 9, 100,000 watt station, owned and operated by Andy Anderson Corporation, licensed to Central City where the main studio is, tower and transmitter located in Pleasant Ridge, (Daviess County), Kentucky 
A number of regional radio stations have Radio repeater's located in Central City   Two are currently active while a third is under consideration 
Leader-News, weekly newspaper founded in Greenville Leader, moved to Central City in the 1960s and became the "Greenville Leader-Central City News", owned and published by the Andy Anderson Corporation 
Times Argus, formerly the Messenger Times Argus, founded in 1909, published weekly 

Economy
Major employers in Central City include: 

Brewco
Brewer, Inc 
Green River Correctional Complex
Kentucky Utilities Green River Generating Station
Armstrong Coal Company Parkway Mine
KenAmerican Paradise Underground Mine
Wal-Mart Supercenter
Central City Elementary School

Arts and culture
Everly Brothers Homecoming/Labor Day Cruise-In
On Labor Day Weekend 1988, Central City began hosting The Everly Brothers Homecoming event to raise money for a scholarship fund for Muhlenberg County students  The Homecoming became a popular annual event for fourteen years, before ending in 2002 Not to be discouraged, the citizens reformed the event as a weekend long cruise-in and car show that is still held annually on Labor Day Weekend 

Kentucky Women's Hall of Fame, Inc 
Sponsored by the Central City Business & Professional Women's Club, the Hall of Fame is located inside the Central City Public Library, 108 E  Broad Street and features a portrait and memorabilia gallery which includes former Governor Martha Layne Collins, Country & Western music giant Loretta Lynn, and local author, editorialist, historian, war correspondent for the Service Star and noted cultivator of roses Agnes S  Harralson  Central City Library hours are Monday 9 am - 7 pm; Tuesday - Friday 9 am - 5 pm; Saturday 9 am - 1 pm  www mcplib org for more info; Central City BPW meets the second Tuesday of each month in the library meeting room at 6:00 pm - visitors are welcome 

Muhlenberg County Rail Trail
The Muhlenberg County Rail Trail is a paved trail following an old Paducah and Louisville railway route between Central City and Greenville that is open to pedestrian and non-motorized vehicle traffic  Kentucky's most extensive rail trail conversion to date, the Muhlenberg Rail Trail opened October 20, 2000 and was named "Trail of the Month" by the Rails to Trails Conservancy in May 2004  A viewing platform and birding guide are available where the trail passes through a local wetland  The Muhlenberg County Rails to Trails Committee has obtained an additional 3 miles of abandoned rail, possibly for a later extension into McLean County 

Notable residents
Tom Christerson, second recipient of an artificial heart
T  Coleman du Pont, manager for the Central Coal & Iron Company, later president of Dupont and a Republican senator for Delaware
Don Everly of The Everly Brothers, musician
Bernard Hickman, former head coach of the Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team
Halley G  Maddox, US Army major general
Ziggy Sears, Major League Baseball umpire
Jim Walker, musician
Corky Withrow, baseball player
Passage 6:
Plainview, Louisville
Plainview is a neighborhood in the city of Jeffersontown, Kentucky and is located on the former site of the Plainview Dairy Farm  It is a Planned Unit Development which includes housing, workplaces, and shopping within a single development 
Plainview is located between I-64 and Shelbyville Road east of Hurstbourne Parkway 
The Plainview community has many amenities; such as the Swim & Tennis Center, where there is a swim team, with competitions throughout the year  There is also a yearly yard sale 

See also
R  C  Tway, owner of farmland that evolved into this neighborhood
Passage 7:
Hickman, Kentucky
Hickman is a city in and the county seat of Fulton County, Kentucky, United States  Located on the Mississippi River, the city had a population of 2,365 at the 2020 U S  census and is classified as a home rule-class city  Hickman is part of the Union City micropolitan area 

History
This area was long occupied by various cultures of indigenous peoples  European-American settlement of this area did not begin until decades after the American Revolutionary War  James Mills built the first cabin on the site in 1819  The community of Mills Point was large enough to receive a post office in 1830  Around 1834, G  Marr purchased much of the surrounding area and laid out more streets The community was renamed Hickman in 1837 after the maiden name of Marr's wife  The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly on February 18, 1841  In 1845, it became the county seat David Walker, his wife, and their four children were lynched in Hickman in 1908 after Mr  Walker was accused of using inappropriate language with a white woman  Two floods devastated Hickman, the first in 1912 and the second in 1913   The flood of 1912 began when a levee located near Hickman broke  Within a few hours the water had risen to the roofs of houses  The flood of 1913 began when a levee near West Hickman broke on April 4  Baseball pitcher Rube Waddell was among the many who helped save the city during both floods  Waddell came down with pneumonia after each flood; he died of tuberculosis 

Registered historic sites
Thomas Chapel C M E  Church is an historic African-American church on Moscow Avenue in Hickman, part of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church formed by freedmen after the American Civil War  Freedmen set up their own denomination in order to be independent of white supervision in the Methodist Church, South, which had split away from northern congregations at the outbreak of war  (In 1954 the CME changed its name to Christian Methodist Episcopal Church ) The church in Hickman was built in 1895  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3 6 square miles (9 3 km2), of which 3 6 square miles (9 3 km2) is land and 0 28% is water 

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters   According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hickman has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps 

Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,365 people, 752 households, and 385 families residing in the city 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,560 people, 1,015 households, and 665 families residing in the city  The population density was 718 1 inhabitants per square mile (277 3/km2)  There were 1,177 housing units at an average density of 330 2 per square mile (127 5/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 64 06% White, 34 96% African American, 0 08% Native American, 0 04% from other races, and 0 86% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 51% of the population 
There were 1,015 households, out of which 28 2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39 8% were married couples living together, 22 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34 4% were non-families  32 1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 33 and the average family size was 2 94 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24 9% under the age of 18, 10 9% from 18 to 24, 26 8% from 25 to 44, 23 0% from 45 to 64, and 14 4% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 36 years  For every 100 females, there were 94 2 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90 2 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $21,655, and the median income for a family was $27,384  Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $18,264 for females  The per capita income for the city was $11,573  About 24 8% of families and 27 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35 0% of those under age 18 and 18 7% of those age 65 or over 

Notable people
Amy L  Bondurant, former U S  Ambassador to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Robert Glen Coe, convicted murderer
S G  Goodman, singer-songwriter
Elvis Jacob Stahr Jr , President of Indiana University

Education
Hickman has a public library, a branch of the Fulton County Public Library 
Passage 8:
Moorland, Kentucky
Moorland is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States  The population was 431 as of the 2010 census 

Geography
Moorland is located in northeastern Jefferson County at 38°16′23″N 85°34′45″W (38 273020, -85 579048)  It is bordered to the south, east, and west by Lyndon, and to the north by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County  It is 11 miles (18 km) east of downtown Louisville 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0 09 square miles (0 24 km2), all land 

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 464 people in 206 households, including 127 families, in the city  The population density was 4,830 4 inhabitants per square mile (1,865 0/km2)  There were 213 housing units at an average density of 2,217 4 per square mile (856 1/km2)   The racial makeup of the city was 91 81% White, 4 74% African American, 0 43% Asian, 0 22% from other races, and 2 80% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 65% Of the 206 households 29 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44 2% were married couples living together, 13 1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38 3% were non-families  32 5% of households were one person and 4 4% were one person aged 65 or older  The average household size was 2 25 and the average family size was 2 85 
The age distribution was 24 1% under the age of 18, 5 8% from 18 to 24, 38 4% from 25 to 44, 24 4% from 45 to 64, and 7 3% 65 or older  The median age was 36 years  For every 100 females, there were 100 9 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90 3 males 
The median household income was $40,469 and the median family income  was $45,096  Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $25,625 for females  The per capita income for the city was $18,092  About 1 4% of families and 1 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1 6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over 
Passage 9:
Meadowbrook Farm, Kentucky
Meadowbrook Farm is a neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky, United States  It is separately incorporated as a home rule-class city  The population was 136 as of the 2010 census 

Geography
Meadowbrook Farm is located in northeastern Jefferson County at 38°16′40″N 85°34′32″W (38 277772, -85 575669)  It is bordered to the southwest by Lyndon, to the northeast by Meadow Vale, and on all other sides by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County  Downtown Louisville is 12 miles (19 km) to the southwest 
According to the United States Census Bureau, Meadowbrook Farm has a total area of 0 03 square miles (0 07 km2), all land 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 146 people, 53 households, and 41 families residing in the city  The population density was 4,828 7 inhabitants per square mile (1,864 4/km2)  There were 53 housing units at an average density of 1,752 9 per square mile (676 8/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 91 78% White, 7 53% African American, and 0 68% from two or more races 
There were 53 households, out of which 35 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67 9% were married couples living together, 5 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20 8% were non-families  17 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 75 and the average family size was 3 12 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24 7% under the age of 18, 4 8% from 18 to 24, 36 3% from 25 to 44, 26 7% from 45 to 64, and 7 5% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 37 years  For every 100 females, there were 102 8 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100 0 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $63,542, and the median income for a family was $63,958  Males had a median income of $51,250 versus $38,125 for females  The per capita income for the city was $26,980  There were 4 4% of families and 5 2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 2 9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64 
Passage 10:
Corbin, Kentucky
Corbin is a home rule-class city in Whitley, Knox and Laurel counties in the southeastern portion of the U S  state of Kentucky  As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,856  
Corbin is on Interstate 75 and US Route 25W, about halfway between Knoxville, Tennessee, and Lexington 

History
The first settlement in the Corbin area was known as Lynn Camp Station  The first post office was called Cummins, for community founder Nelson Cummins  It was discovered in 1885 that both Cummins and Lynn Camp were already in use as names for Kentucky post offices, and postmaster James Eaton was asked to select another name  He chose Corbin for the Rev  James Corbin Floyd, a local minister  The town was incorporated under that name in 1905 
Corbin has a troubled racial past, including a race riot in late October 1919 in which a white mob forced nearly all the town's 200 black residents onto a freight train out of town and a sundown town policy until the late 20th century  The event is the subject of a 1991 documentary, Trouble Behind  In October 2019, city leaders marked the riot's centennial with a proclamation acknowledging the riot and former sundown town policy For most of its history, the urbanized areas of Corbin in Laurel County were not incorporated into the city limits due to a state law prohibiting cities from being in more than two counties  However, a 2021 change to state law allowed cities to voluntarily annex property in a third county if the city already provides public infrastructure to that property  In March 2022, the Corbin City Commission approved an annexation request for a property in Laurel County 

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Corbin has a total area of 7 9 sq mi (20 km2), with only a tiny fraction of 0 044 sq mi (0 11 km2), or 0 56%, consisting of water 
Corbin lies in the Cumberland Plateau region of Appalachia in southeastern Kentucky, along Interstate 75 and U S  Route 25W  I-75 provides access to the city from exit 25, leading north 89 miles (143 km) to Lexington and south 86 miles (138 km) to Knoxville, Tennessee  U S  25W runs through the center of town, leading north 14 miles (23 km) to London (via U S  Route 25) and south 21 miles (34 km) to Williamsburg 
The Pine Mountain Overthrust Fault, a geologic fault system several miles to the east, produces occasional tremors, the most recent in 2008 

Climate
Corbin exhibits a humid subtropical climate, typical of southeastern Kentucky  The region experiences four distinct seasons  Winters are cool to cold, with mild periods  Summers are generally hot and humid, with variable spring and fall seasons  Precipitation is common year-round but more prevalent in the summer months—the surrounding mountains somewhat moderate Corbin's climate 

Demographics
Corbin is in the London, Kentucky micropolitan area, whose current boundaries were established in 2013 by the U S  Office of Management and Budget in coordination with the United States Census Bureau  Previously, the London micropolitan area had consisted solely of Laurel County, while the Whitley County portion of Corbin was the principal city of its own micropolitan area that consisted solely of that county  Both entities were in turn the components of a statistical entity officially known as the "Corbin–London, KY Combined Statistical Area"  The CSA had a combined population of 94,486 at the 2010 census  The Knox County portion of Corbin was outside the former Corbin–London statistical area but is now included in the redefined London micropolitan area 
As of the 2010 census there were 7,304 people, 3,093 households, and 1,903 families residing in the city  The population density was 920 1 inhabitants per square mile (355 3/km2)  There were 3,507 housing units at an average density of 441 8 per square mile (170 6/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 97 41% White (96 69% non-Hispanic), 0 26% African American, 0 31% Native American or Alaska Native, 0 64% Asian, 0 26% from other races, and 1 11% from two or more races  No Pacific Islanders lived in the city in 2010  Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1 19% of the population 
There were 3,093 households, out of which 29 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41 3% were married couples living together, 16 0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4 2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38 5% were non-families  34 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 27, and the average family size was 2 91 
The age distribution was 22 5% under 18, 8 5% from 18 to 24, 22 9% from 25 to 44, 25 3% from 45 to 64, and 20 8% who were 65 or older  The median age was 41 6 years  For every 100 females, there were 80 2 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75 8 males 
Income data from the 2010 Census for Kentucky locations have not yet been released  As of the 2000 Census, the median income for a household in the city was $22,203  The median income for a family was $32,784  Males had a median income of $27,323 versus $17,568 for females  The per capita income for the city was $14,200  About 15 5% of families and 21 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24 0% of those under age 18 and 16 4% of those age 65 or over 

Economy
Initially provided by L&N Railroad, rail transport was the backbone of the local economy in the first half of the 20th century  While the railroad (presently CSX) continues to play an important role, the decline of the rail industry in the latter half of the 20th century, as well as the loss of some manufacturing jobs, has prompted the community to begin diversifying its economy 

Culture
Each year in early August, Corbin hosts a festival called NIBROC (Corbin spelled backward) featuring open-air concerts, carnival attractions, a beauty pageant, parade, and other events  The festival is featured, if anachronistically, in the play Last Train to Nibroc by Arlene Hutton  (Though the play is set in the 1940s, the festival itself only dates to 1952 ) NIBROC often features free performances by popular musical acts such as 38 Special, Foghat, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, Kansas, The Marshall Tucker Band, Percy Sledge, Rick Springfield, Starship, Styx and The Turtles  In episode 10 of the American reality-documentary television series On the Road with Austin & Santino on Lifetime entitled "We Love a Parade", the fashion designers visit Corbin to custom-design a dress for a local woman participating in the NIBROC parade 
Despite being in dry counties (Knox and Whitley), the city of Corbin allows full retail alcohol sales, following a successful local option election on February 14, 2012  The city had previously voted in 2004 to allow sales of alcohol by the drink in larger restaurants Corbin has an association with Kentucky Fried Chicken, having been the location of the chain's first restaurant, opened in 1930  Corbin appears in the animated cartoon South Park's episode "Medicinal Fried Chicken", wherein Eric Cartman visits the town to meet with Harland Sanders  Corbin is depicted as located in a lush rain forest in a parody of the 1983 film Scarface, wherein Tony Montana and Omar Suarez visit Bolivia to meet with a drug kingpin 

Government
Corbin is governed by a mayor and city commission and a city manager who runs the departments' day-to-day operations  Currently, Marlon Sams is the city manager  Since it does not have a mayor/alderman form of government, Corbin is considered home rule-class under Kentucky's city classification system that took effect in 2015  Susie Razmus is the current mayor  Trent Knuckles, David Grigsby Hart, Ed Tye, and Andrew Pennington are its four current commissioners Corbin is one of the few cities in Kentucky that lie in two counties—Whitley and Knox  Many built-up areas in neighboring Laurel County have a Corbin postal address but lie outside the city limits  This arrangement has created some problems with taxes and census records  The city receives a portion of the occupational tax collected in Whitley County  However, Knox County has refused to give Corbin any tax collected there  On March 10, 2008, the City Commission voted to file a lawsuit against Knox County to receive a portion of the tax collected within city limits  On May 23, 2014, the Kentucky Court of Appeals ruled that the "Stivers amendment", passed as part of KY HB 499 "Tax Amnesty" legislation in 2012, did not violate the state's constitution  The measure essentially canceled the effect of court rulings that would have enabled Corbin to keep all the revenue from the tax generated inside the city limits  Corbin's mayor, Willard McBurney, vowed to carry the fight to the state Supreme Court Corbin is in Kentucky's 5th congressional district 

Education
Corbin, like many communities of its size in southeastern Kentucky, has an independent school system (in Kentucky, a public school system not affiliated with a county; most such districts are associated with individual cities)  The district was officially established in 1916, and the 100th class graduated in 2017  The Corbin Independent School District includes:

Corbin Preschool Center
Corbin Primary (grades K-3)
Corbin Elementary (grades 4–5) (Currently housed by the newest building in the district after a complete remodeling of the former Middle School 
Corbin Middle (grades 6–8)
Corbin High (grades 9–12) (Currently housed by the oldest building in the district)
Corbin School Of InnovationThe community and school system place considerable emphasis on the success of academics and high school athletic teams  Corbin "Redhound" sports are important social events within the community 
In 2004, Eastern Kentucky University opened an extension campus in Corbin 
The annual Battle for the Brass Lantern, a college football rivalry game between the University of the Cumberlands and Union College, was played at Corbin High School's stadium in 2006 and 2007, as a neutral field roughly equidistant from the two campuses  The rivalry dates to 1905 Corbin was formerly home to Saint Camillus Academy, a private pre-K-8 Catholic school affiliated with the Diocese of Lexington  Established in 1908 by the Sisters of Divine Providence, the school has been successful as both a boarding school for national and international students and as a Montessori school  Its original schoolhouse, built in 1913, was demolished in summer 2008  The new school building is still situated atop a prominent hill overlooking the town, providing a striking backdrop to the streets of downtown Corbin  The school closed in 2012 after 99 years of service  The property and grounds of the school were sold to the Corbin School System to house a new Corbin Middle School due to the rapidly increasing student population and age of the current building 
Corbin has a lending library, the Corbin Public Library 

Transportation
Corbin straddles Interstate 75 and U S  Highway 25 (which splits into US 25E and US 25W in North Corbin)  The town is served by the CSX rail line 

Sites of interest
Cumberland Falls State Resort Park, the site of a waterfall, one of the few in the Western Hemisphere that regularly produces a moonbow, is 19 miles (31 km) to the southwest 
Harland Sanders Café and Museum, the birthplace of Kentucky Fried Chicken (though not sold as the KFC/Kentucky Fried Chicken brand at the time), is located in North Corbin  The restaurant and accompanying museum are popular with tour groups traveling along Interstate 75 
The Arena at the Southeastern Kentucky Ag and Expo Complex, a multi-purpose venue on top of a hill across from the Baptist Regional Medical Center, sits above the Corbin Center  This multi-purpose education center also houses the Corbin Tourism office 
Nearby Laurel River Lake, created by the U S  Army Corps of Engineers in 1974, is a popular recreational site for boating, fishing, water skiing, and scuba diving 
Cumberland Gap and Cumberland Gap National Historical Park are about 50 miles (80 km) south of Corbin on U S  Highway 25E at the Tennessee border 

Media
Newspapers
The Times-Tribune, a Tuesday And Thursday newspaper
News Journal, weekly newspaper covering both Corbin (headquarters) and the Whitley County, Kentucky, area including Williamsburg

Radio
WCTT AM 680 (Great 68; Oldies)
WKDP AM 1330
WEKF FM 88 5 (Eastern Ky Univ  affiliate)
WVCT FM 91 5 (Gospel Eagle; Southern Gospel)
WKDP FM 99 5 (Country)
WCTT FM 107 3 (T-107; Adult Contemporary)
WRHR-LPFM 95 3 (also known as Corbin's Own Red 95 3; broadcast by Corbin High School)

TV
WVTN (Channel 22 Time Warner Cable) - religious; broadcast from Corbin with local and regional churches and religious syndicated programs part of the radio station WVCT 91 5
RBS (Channel 18 Time Warner Cable) - Corbin school district information broadcasting the WRHR radio station Red 95 3
YHC (Channel 21 on Time Warner Cable) - broadcasts local and regional business infomercials and runs on-screen ads playing Contemporary Christian Music

Notable people
Rodger Bird, football player
Ensley A  Carpenter, doctor, once lived in Corbin, for whom the town of Carpenter, Kentucky was named
Ted Cremer, football player
Debbie Dean, pop singer, first white solo artist signed to Motown Records
Richie Farmer, politician and former basketball player
Roy Kidd, retired football coach, member of the College Football Hall of Fame, former head coach of Eastern Kentucky University football; was born, raised, and currently resides here
Arthur Lake, actor who played Dagwood Bumstead in the Blondie movies
Ronni Lundy, food and music writer, cookbook author, and Southern Foodways Alliance Lifetime Achievement Award winner
George McAfee, WW2 Veteran, football player, NFL Hall of Fame inductee 
Dan Neal, football player
Colonel Harland Sanders, entrepreneur and founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant chain
Frank Selvy, basketball player
B  F  Shelton, old-timey banjo player
Jarrett Stidham, quarterback for Baylor University, Auburn University and the New England Patriots 
Trent Taylor, NFL wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers and Cincinnati Bengals, in college for Louisiana Tech, lived in Corbin as a child, from age 2 through the end of second grade
Mabel Martin Wyrick, writer
Context 3: Passage 1:
Roman Brady
Roman Brady is a fictional character from the long-running NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives  The role was originated in 1981 by Wayne Northrop, who played the role until 1984 and from 1991 to 1994, and is currently being portrayed by series veteran Josh Taylor, who stepped into the role in 1997  Roman is a member of the fictional Brady family, and has been a central character on the show since his introduction in 1981  Over the years, Roman has been involved in a number of storylines, including romances, family conflicts, and mystery plots 

Casting
The role was originated on December 8, 1981, by Wayne Northrop  Northrop departed from the series on November 26, 1984, and the character was killed off during a battle with his arch-nemesis, international criminal mastermind Stefano DiMera  On November 27, 1985, the series introduced a character known as The Pawn, an amnesiac mystery man ostensibly controlled by Stefano but now in the custody of Stefano's rival and local businessman/mobster Victor Kiriakis  The role was portrayed by Robert Poynton until January 20, 1986, though the character's face is wrapped in bandages  On January 23, 1986, The Pawn's bandages were finally removed as Drake Hogestyn made his first appearance as John Black, a character with no memory of his past or knowledge of his real identity  In May 1986, Hogestyn's character of John is revealed to be Roman who had been treated to extensive brainwashing and plastic surgery courtesy of Stefano, and Hogestyn played the role written as Roman until 1991  When Northrop returned as Roman on August 30, 1991, the character that Hogestyn had been portraying for five years was retconned to be an entirely separate character that had been brainwashed to believe he was Roman Brady  Northrop once again departed from the series on August 2, 1994  On July 18, 1997, Josh Taylor appeared in the role as a recast of Roman Brady  The casting was met with criticism due to Taylor's previous portrayal of Chris Kositchek, one of Roman and Marlena's closest friends  Northrop was later recast as another new character, Dr  Alex North, and scenes from Northrop's time playing Roman were edited to create the new character's backstory 

Characterization
Roman is the retired police commissioner of the fictional Midwestern town of Salem, and currently manages and tends bar at his family's business, the Brady Pub  He is also a former agent of the fictional International Security Alliance (ISA), a spy agency focused on all sorts of unusually high-level global conspiracies that tended to center around his otherwise-quiet home town  During his portrayal by Northrop, he was established as a top-notch cop but also a bit of a renegade, often accepting deep-cover assignments, and a master of disguise (similar to Sherlock Holmes)  Hogestyn's character was more by-the-book on the job, although still dangerous with a dark side somewhat characteristic of an ex-spy (which later fed into the "John Black" persona), with expertise in Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do, and a little more of a ladies' man  Taylor's portrayal is more that of a "regular guy", with a bit less intrigue and more straightforward professionally, although still with an eye for the ladies and more inclined to engage in one-night stands with various women than the character as portrayed by Northrop or Hogestyn (such as with Kate Roberts, Billie Reed, ex-wives Anna DiMera and Marlena Evans, and a strongly hinted at – but never confirmed – rendezvous with Nicole Walker) 
Over the years, much has been made of the creation (and constant retcon of the backstory) of Hogestyn's character John Black as an entirely separate character than that of Roman Brady, especially after the show had invested over five years in establishing John's identity as Roman, complete with a plausible backstory (and flashbacks) of his “time away” (while he was being held captive, brainwashed, and trained—-unsuccessfully—-to be an assassin by Stefano DiMera), and "Roman's" reemerging memories  However, with Roman's recasts and changes in characterization over the years (while John has consistently been played by Hogestyn), in hindsight it can be said that it was actually John Black that remained more true to the original "Roman" persona, and that it was Roman that was gradually developed into a separate character  This was especially illustrated in 2016 when Roman, who had always been a straight-shooter with regard to the law, became complicit in the cover-up of sister-in-law Hope Brady's murder of Stefano DiMera, who she wrongly believed was responsible for the disappearance and later death of her husband (and Roman's brother) Bo Brady 

Storylines
1981–84
Roman Brady first appeared on Days to protect Marlena Evans from a serial killer  He slept on her floor  The chemistry between the actors, and the characters, led to love  In 1983 on Days of Our Lives, Roman and Marlena were married  Over the next year Roman became embroiled in a storyline with Stefano DiMera  Stefano was a powerful and ruthless business tycoon (and organized crime figure) from Europe who had come to town to set up shop in Salem, and Roman being the city's top cop had gone after him  Subsequently Stefano framed Roman for serial killings that were being committed by his nephew Andre DiMera  At the time Marlena saw Roman killing a woman  Later it was shown that Andre had used a realistic mask  Roman was jailed  Mrs  Alice Horton baked him some drugged doughnuts, and on the way to the hospital Roman escaped  He went on the run to prove his innocence, and he accomplished that  He was promoted, and Stefano was on the run 
In November 1984, Roman tracked Stefano to a Caribbean island where many other characters had crash-landed, too  Stefano was suffering from incurable cancer, and needed to collect three mysterious prisms to unlock a secret formula to cure himself  Roman caught up to him on a cliff, but Stefano pulled a gun  He shot Roman, who seemingly fell to his death  His brother Bo cradled him in his arms on the beach, but had to leave him for a few minutes  When he returned the body was gone  Bo assumed that while he was away, the tide had come in and washed Roman’s body out to sea, for which Bo blamed himself for years  Several episodes later Roman was shown aboard Stefano's yacht, motionless 

1986–1990
In 1986 an amnesiac known only as "The Pawn" appeared in Salem on January 23, 1986  He assumed the name "John Black" after reading it on a Vietnam War memorial in Salem  Eventually the character was revealed to be Roman Brady having undergone extensive plastic surgery, brainwashing, and martial arts training (purportedly to be trained as an assassin) by Stefano DiMera  After an uneasy "re-introduction" to his family and friends in Salem, the character resumed his life as Roman 
In 1988, a storyline featuring a reappearance by Stefano (who had been believed dead) focused on what had happened to Roman during his time in captivity (1984–1986)  Roman and loved ones traveled back to the Caribbean island where Roman had "died" in 1984, and it was revealed that the ISA knew all along that Roman was being held by Stefano and being trained via brainwashing, and extensive instruction by a martial arts master named Orion Hawk, to be one of Stefano's assassins  In fact, the ISA unsuccessfully tried to infiltrate Orion's training camp to extract Roman, but this failed due to the high level of security at Stefano's compound as well as Roman's brainwashed state  This tied into the introduction of Benjy, Stefano's son (and Orion's grandson) who was fostered for a while by Steve and Kayla Johnson  Although subtle hints pointed to the possibility of this "Roman" turning out to be someone else, abetted by speculation by fans and by Hogestyn himself, the clues seemed to tie back together with the resolution that, at least for the moment, the character portrayed by Hogestyn was in fact Roman Brady 

1991–94
After believing that Roman's wife, Marlena Evans, had been dead for some years, he had fallen in love with a woman named Isabella Toscano  In 1991 Marlena turns up alive  In August 1991 the character who had been presumed as Roman Brady since 1986 is retroactively revealed to be a separate character (now once again called John Black) who was brainwashed to believe he was Roman, when what would now be the real Roman (once again played by Wayne Northrop) was found on an island where he had been imprisoned by Stefano  Roman was shocked when he found he had been replaced and all his family had accepted John Black as him and John Black had a difficult time accepting he was not really Roman  Roman went back to his life, and he and Marlena tried to live once again as man and wife  After the death of Isabella, in his grief John turned to Marlena for comfort  The two found themselves unable to resolve their feelings for each other from their life together when John believed himself to be Roman  He and Marlena had an affair that resulted in the birth of a daughter, Isabella, named after Isabella Toscano, whom Roman believed to be his own daughter  When he discovered that Marlena and John had an affair and that Belle was not his real daughter, Roman was crushed  In August 1994, Roman leaves town broken and bitter, once again with no family  Later it was said that Roman had died on a mission for the ISA 

1997–present
In 1997 Josh Taylor was brought in as Roman, who was revealed by Stefano DiMera and Kristen Blake to be alive after being exposed to biological warfare while on a deep-cover ISA mission in South America  The cure to his ailment was discovered by John, Hope, and Stefano in a jungle mission that was engineered to drive John and Marlena apart, but in the end had the opposite result 
Roman was "killed" during the Salem Stalker Murders in December 2003 during his wedding reception to Kate Roberts, but again was revealed to not really be dead  He lived on the island of Melaswen (New Salem) with every other victim from the Salem Stalker Murders, including Marlena  Eventually, other Salemites arrived on the island, trying to find their "dead" loved ones  Some of them went out in the jungle, looking for a way off the island, while the rest remained in "Salem" waiting for help  Help finally arrived  Jennifer got to the island, then Hope and Patrick and finally Bo and John  Everyone banded together to get off the island, but Tony wasn't going to make it easy  He created a volcanic eruption, which eventually caused a giant wave  As everyone gathered on makeshift rafts to get off the island, the wave crashed over them  The Coast Guard arrived and managed to rescue some of them, but Roman, Marlena, Jack, and his daughter Cassie were not saved  They were in the clutches of Tony DiMera once again, and he took them to a remote European castle where he held them captive 
While in the castle, Tony DiMera (actually Andre DiMera) tormented Roman and Marlena with video of John and Kate growing ever closer back in Salem  Eventually, they believed the two of them had sex, and Roman and Marlena, needing comfort, had sex as well  Shortly thereafter, Jack made his way into their room  They escaped! Through fire and explosions, our group of intrepid Salemites – Marlena, Roman, Jack and Cassie – all got out and were on their way home 
On the ISA jet on the way back to Salem, Roman and Marlena made the decision to not tell Kate and John that they had sex  Marlena was uncomfortable with lying to John, but eventually agreed with Roman  When they arrived back they were shocked to learn that John and Kate had fallen in love and were engaged to be married, but Roman and Marlena still didn't tell the truth about their affair  Soon after they were back Marlena discovered that she was pregnant and that Roman had to be the father, but when the truth came out John wasn't too forgiving  During a fight between Roman and John, Marlena tumbled down the stairs, causing a miscarriage 
As the second decade of the 21st century has unfolded, Roman is the commissioner of the Salem police force  After an ill-fated marriage to Kate Roberts, he has remained single and adopted an elder-statesman, back-burner role on the show  He serves primarily as the de facto patriarch of the Brady family and the supervisor and occasional voice-of-reason to junior police officers and ISA agents (with a catchphrase of sorts developing from his consistent inquiries of "what da hell" is going on)  He has largely made peace with his past with Stefano DiMera, John Black, and Victor Kiriakis, and remains friends with ex-wives Anna, Marlena and Kate, and is occasionally shown as having a soft spot for all of them  In March 2017, he retires as police commissioner and is seen later tending bar at the Brady Pub  In 2018, he begins working with his friends John Black and Steve Johnson at their private detective business, Black Patch  Hattie Adams, Marlena's doppelganger, develops feelings for Roman and tries to trick him into thinking she is Marlena, but this does not work out  In 2021, he rekindles his romance with Kate, and they remarry the following year 

External links
Roman at soapcentral com
Passage 2:
Kevin Yorn
Kevin Brett Yorn (born July 4, 1965) is an American entertainment attorney and investor  He co-founded Yorn Barnes Levine Entertainment Law Firm where he is managing partner 

Early life and education
Yorn was born in Montville, New Jersey to father Dr  Lawrence Yorn, a dentist and captain in the Army, and his mother, Joan Yorn  He has two brothers, Pete Yorn, a musician and Rick Yorn, a talent manager Yorn is an alumnus of Muhlenberg College in Allentown, PA  He graduated with a Juris Doctor degree from Tulane University Law School in 1990 and was admitted to The State Bar of California in 1991  Yorn has collaborated with Tulane University, his alma mater and created funds to promote entertainment and media law at Tulane Law School as well as to support the Gender & Sexuality Studies program in the School of Liberal Arts 

Career
Early Career
Yorn became a deputy district attorney in L A  County after graduating from Tulane Law in 1990  He was in the D A ’s office for five years, working in the Hardcore Gang Investigations Unit 

Yorn Barnes Levine
In 1996 Yorn was recruited from the D A 's to partner with Michael Barnes, Kevin Morris and Brian Wolf, forming Barnes Morris Wolf & Yorn, based in Santa Monica Aspiring writer Anthony Zuiker asked Yorn for help in escaping a screenwriting contract so that he could go on to create the television series CSI, which premiered in 2000 In 2013, Yorn worked on the deal to renew DeGeneres' talk show through 2016-17 In the summer of 2014, Yorn's firm made a deal with Hulu for three years of South Park reruns, reportedly at a price of more than $80 million, and he helped Zuiker make content deals with YouTube and Yahoo  Yorn also created a joint venture with Warner Bros , Ellen DigitalVentures, to help take advantage of Ellen DeGeneres’ social media reach, digital video content, games and apps, including Heads Up! Yorn was listed among The Hollywood Reporter’s Top 100 Entertainment Attorneys in 2013 and 2014, and one of Hollywood's top power lawyers every year between 2015 and 2023 

Investing
In 2021, Yorn co-founded private equity investment firm Broadlight Holdings with his brother Rick and David Dorfman  The firm is focused on investments in the global technology and consumer landscape 

Personal life
Yorn lives in Los Angeles, California  His parents moved to Los Angeles in 2000, and his mother Joan became a receptionist at Yorn Barnes Levine In 1996, he married film producer Julie Silverman in a Jewish ceremony in Tarrytown, New York  They later divorced in 2005 
Passage 3:
L  Londell McMillan
L  Londell McMillan  (born in 1966 in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York) is an American entertainment attorney, producer, and publisher 

History
He graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School in 1983 and received his undergraduate degree from Cornell University, where he was a Quill and Dagger member, honors graduate, and Academic All-American mentioned football player  After his time at Cornell, McMillan pursued a law career at the New York University School of Law



ground_truth: 7pm

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What rule-class city of 26,595 contains the neighborhood Plainview?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: McMillan was a faculty member with the Practicing Law Institute; lecturer and featured case study subject of the Harvard Business School   He also has been a guest and commentator on The Oprah Winfrey Show, Today, Entertainment Tonight, and CNN  In 2008, McMillan was named as one of The National Law Journal’s 50 most Influential Minority Lawyers in America, and in 2007 was recognized as one of New York’s Super Lawyers   He was a recipient of the Metropolitan Black Bar Association Haywood W  Burns, Lawyer of the Year Award in 2001 and was featured on the cover of Black Enterprise magazine in December 2003   McMillan has also been honored among Crain’s 100 Most Powerful Minority Leaders    McMillan founded The McMillan Firm;  he was a partner and co-head of the Media and Entertainment Global Industry Sector Group at the international law firm of Dewey & LeBoeuf LLP until 2012   McMillan is also the Chairman of The NorthStar Group which owns and operates The Source Magazine (print and digital), Jones Magazine (print and digital) and produces music, arts and cultural events locally, nationally and worldwide   McMillan serves as a business advisor and business manager for individuals and organizations in the private sector and non-profit community 
His clients over the years have included Prince before his death and his estate after his death, Lil' Kim, Stevie Wonder, Chaka Khan,  Michael Jackson before his death, Roberta Flack, Isaac Hayes, Spike Lee, LL Cool J, Nas, Kanye West, Zhane, Estate of Christopher Wallace, 1996 Olympic Women's Basketball Players Lisa Leslie & Dawn Staley, among other professional athletes and entertainers   Among his corporate clients have been The Discovery Channel, Time Warner, Screenvision, Radio One, and National Football League, and Mercedes-Benz 

Community service
L  Londell McMillan is committed to community service, having served as General Counsel of the NAACP, Brooklyn Chapter, serves as Chair of NorthStar Charities, Co-Founder of the Artist Empowerment Coalition, Founder of SOURCE360, and served on the Fund for Public Schools (which raises private financial support for New York City's public schools), and the Benefit Committee of The Jazz Foundation of America, as well as being a member of the Board of Directors  McMillan is the current owner and group publisher of The NorthStar Group, which publishes Jones Magazine and The Source 
Passage 4:
Liam Hemsworth
Liam Hemsworth (born 13 January 1990) is an Australian actor  He played the roles of Josh Taylor in the soap opera Neighbours and Marcus in the children's television series The Elephant Princess  In American films, Hemsworth starred as Will Blakelee in The Last Song (2010), as Gale Hawthorne in The Hunger Games film series (2012–2015), and as Jake Morrison in Independence Day: Resurgence (2016) 

Early life
Hemsworth was born in Melbourne, Australia, to Leonie (née van Os), an English teacher, and Craig Hemsworth, a social-services counsellor  He has two older brothers, Chris Hemsworth and Luke Hemsworth, who are also actors  His maternal grandfather is a Dutch immigrant, and his other ancestry is English, Irish, Scottish, and German  Hemsworth has said that though there is competition for jobs among them, it is friendly: "We are brothers and we are always competitive, but it is a good thing, it pushes us and we are always happy whenever someone books something "When Hemsworth was in year 8 high school, he and his family relocated to Phillip Island, a small Australian island southeast of Melbourne where he spent much of his time there surfing with his brothers  In March 2009, Hemsworth moved to the United States to pursue his acting career  He and his brother Chris first stayed in the guest house of Chris's manager, William Ward, before renting their own Los Angeles apartment 

Career
2007–2010: Career beginnings
Prior to becoming an actor, Hemsworth laid floors for six months  He began to seriously consider following his elder brothers' footsteps in high school by participating in school plays  Eventually, Hemsworth retained an agent  He attended his first audition at the age of sixteen and began his career in 2007 with guest appearances on the shows Home and Away and McLeod's Daughters  The week of 8 July 2007, Hemsworth began filming episodes for Neighbours, an Australian soap opera his brother Luke had previously starred in  Hemsworth's character, Josh Taylor, was a recurring character from 2007 to 2008  In the show, Josh was an athletic paraplegic who supported and began a relationship with character Bridget Parker after she was paralysed down one side of her body in a car crash  In 2008, Hemsworth began acting on the children's television show The Elephant Princess, playing "Marcus", the lead guitarist of the protagonist's band  Hemsworth later had roles in the television series Satisfaction and starred in the British film Triangle  He also made a brief appearance as an MIT student in the film Knowing In 2009, Hemsworth was selected to act opposite Sylvester Stallone in Stallone's 2010 film, The Expendables, but his character was written out of the script (Hemsworth later co-starred in The Expendables 2)  Hemsworth's brother, Chris, told Movieline that just a few hours after Hemsworth learned he would not appear in The Expendables, director Kenneth Branagh called to ask him to test for the lead role in the 2011 film Thor  Hemsworth moved to the States in March 2009 for screen tests  Though he eventually lost the role to Chris in May, Disney announced later the same week that Hemsworth had landed the part of Will Blakelee in the 2010 drama The Last Song, based on the Nicholas Sparks novel by the same name  Hemsworth plays the love interest of Miley Cyrus's character in the film  Nikki Finke reported that Hemsworth had been in Los Angeles for just three weeks and had not yet found an agent when he was cast  Hemsworth next appeared in the music video for Cyrus' "When I Look at You" which was recorded on 16 August 2009 In September 2009, Hemsworth appeared at a dinner event to promote Foxtel, an Australian pay television company  In March 2010, Details magazine selected Hemsworth as one of their predictions for "The Next Generation of Hollywood's Leading Men"  Later that month, it was announced that Hemsworth was in negotiations to star in Arabian Nights, a 3D action film that will be directed by Chuck Russell for Inferno Entertainment  It was later confirmed that he will be starring in the movie  He has also reportedly been offered the lead role in Northern Lights after Taylor Lautner withdrew from the David Ellison-financed project Hemsworth was the Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards 2010 host  He and Miley Cyrus won the "Fave Kiss" category Hemsworth starred in the music video for "Colder Weather" by the Zac Brown Band 

2011–present: The Hunger Games series and beyond
On 4 April 2011, Lionsgate announced Hemsworth to be one of the leads, Gale Hawthorne, in The Hunger Games, which was released in 2012  In June 2011, he became attached to war drama Love and Honor which also stars Aimee Teegarden and Teresa Palmer In 2013, Hemsworth appeared in Empire State, with Emma Roberts, and Paranoia, co-starring Harrison Ford, Gary Oldman and Amber Heard  He reprised his role, Gale Hawthorne, in three sequels to The Hunger Games, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, released in November 2013, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1, released in November 2014, and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2, released in November 2015 
On 11 June 2012, Los Angeles-based non-profit organization Australians in Film announced that Hemsworth would be honoured at an exclusive benefit dinner on 27 June 2012 in Hollywood  Hemsworth attended the invitation only event, held at the Intercontinental Hotel in Century City, with his then fiancée Miley Cyrus  It was their first public appearance together as an engaged couple In 2015, Hemsworth portrayed the love interest of Kate Winslet's character in the Australian literary adaptation The Dressmaker, which was filmed in Victoria in the summer of 2014  Hemsworth starred in director Roland Emmerich's 2016 film Independence Day: Resurgence  In 2019, following a three-year absence, he played a fantasy version of a romantic comedy leading man in the film Isn't It Romantic, and starred in the action crime film Killerman 
Hemsworth currently appears on the horror TV series, Most Dangerous Game, for Quibi, the short-form streaming platform  Hemsworth plays the lead role as a terminally ill man trying to provide for his pregnant wife before he dies In 2022, Hemsworth is set to star in the Netflix film Lonely Planet with Laura Dern  In October 2022, Netflix announced that Hemsworth would be replacing Henry Cavill as Geralt of Rivia from the start of Season 4 of The Witcher 

Personal life
Hemsworth is the ambassador of the Australian Childhood Foundation  Hemsworth talked about his association with the foundation, "I have the best parents you can have  They have worked in child protection for twenty years and have only ever given me encouragement and support  The world is a scary enough place as it is for children  It is important that home should always be a safe place for them " When asked if he believed he was a hero to children, Hemsworth said he did not know, but that he would like to be a good role model Hemsworth was vegan and told Men's Fitness in 2015 that he found "no negatives to eating like this  I feel nothing but positive, mentally and physically " In 2020, following hospitalization for kidney stones, he told Men's Health that he had to "completely rethink what [he] was putting in [his] body "After his separation from Cyrus, Hemsworth began a relationship with Australian model, Gabriella Brooks 

Relationship with Miley Cyrus
While filming The Last Song in June 2009, Hemsworth began a relationship with his co-star Miley Cyrus  After a three-year on-again, off-again relationship, the couple announced their engagement in June 2012  They lived together in Los Angeles but ended their engagement in September 2013  Rumours began in January 2016, stemming primarily from sightings of the couple together at his Malibu home and the reappearance of the engagement ring on Cyrus  Cyrus confirmed in an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in October 2016, they were once again engaged In November 2018, Cyrus revealed on social media that her and Hemsworth's home had burned down in the Woolsey Fire, and expressed devastation for her community and gratitude for the safety of herself, Hemsworth, and their pets  The following morning, Hemsworth responded on his social media by posting a picture he had taken of the charred rubble of their former home  In his posts he praised the residents of his community on how they united in helping with the consequences of the fire, and encouraged his followers to donate their time, money, and resources to The Malibu Foundation, a non-profit established in the wake of the Woolsey fire, and to his fiancée's own non-profit organisation, the Happy Hippie Foundation, to further contribute help with the aftermath  On 13 November 2018, Hemsworth and Cyrus made a joint $500,000 donation to The Malibu Foundation through Cyrus's foundation Hemsworth and Cyrus married on 23 December 2018 at their home in Nashville, Tennessee  On 10 August 2019, Cyrus announced their separation  Eleven days later, Hemsworth filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences  On 28 January 2020, it was announced that their divorce had been finalized 

Filmography
Film
Television
Awards and nominations
On 27 June 2012, Liam Hemsworth was presented with the Australians in Film Breakthrough Award for international success 
Passage 5:
Stefan Dennis
Stefan Dennis (born 30 October 1958) is an Australian actor and singer best known for playing the role of cold-hearted and ruthless businessman Paul Robinson in the soap opera Neighbours from its first episode on March 18, 1985  He departed Neighbours in 1992 before returning for a short stint in 1993  He then returned in late 2004 and played the character up until the show's temporary ending in 2022 and is set to return to the role in 2023  During his time away from Neighbours he was a cast member of Scottish soap opera River City produced and set in Glasgow, Scotland  He is also known for his 1989 single "Don't It Make You Feel Good", which reached Number 16 in the Irish and UK Singles Chart 

Early life
Dennis was born in Tawonga, Victoria but his family moved to Queensland for 12 years, where he did most of his schooling  He started showing his genuine interest in music and acting at the age of seven and was eleven years old when he started in amateur theatre in Queensland  His debut with this first theatre company was in Oliver!  Also, at this time he and his brother formed a vocal duo and performed on many occasions  They played at weddings, charity events, and some large concerts By the age of 14, Dennis was convinced he wanted to go into the entertainment business  He understood the pitfalls associated with choosing the career of an entertainer, so he decided to get a trade behind him to support him through the times when he might be out of work  He left school at 15 and took an apprenticeship as a chef  On completion of his chef's certificate, he moved from the Gold Coast to Melbourne 

Career
Dennis started out in guest roles on programmes such as Cop Shop, Skyways, Carson's Law, Young Ramsay, Prisoner, Home, The Henderson Kids, The Sullivans, The Young Doctors and Sons and Daughters and many others  Dennis has a number of credits to his name  He had a major role in The Henderson Kids, a co-lead in an ABC children's show called Infinity Limited, and he co-starred in The Flying Doctors mini-series  In 1984, he auditioned for the roles of Shane Ramsay and Des Clarke in a new soap opera, Neighbours where he was later cast as Paul Robinson instead  His role in Neighbours brought opportunities such as appearing at the Royal Variety Performance alongside fellow cast members 
After finishing Neighbours in 1992, Dennis moved to the UK and worked on a variety of TV shows and theatre productions  He appeared in many pantomimes, plays, and musicals including the pantomime Cinderella in Bournemouth, UK from 10 December 1992 to 17 January 1993  In 1994, he played Mickey in Blood Brothers, touring in New Zealand and Australia before returning to the UK to appear in the show in both the West End, and in a national tour of the UK  He appeared in many television shows, including Dream Team, River City, The Bill and Casualty  He also returned to Australia from time to time for guest roles in shows such as Blue Heelers, Good Guys Bad Guys and Stingers  Dennis has worked as a voiceover artist for many years both in Australia and the UK He was part of the team that set a new world record in 1995 for 24-hour endurance outdoor karting  The team – Stefan Dennis, David Brabham, Russ Malkin, Steve Malkin – set the record of 1,664 7 km (1,034 397 mi) on a 1 3 km (0 808 mi) track at Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey, UK on 24 and 25 February 1995  While in the UK, Dennis became a partner in Lex Film Entertainment, and was associate producer on the film The Truth About Love 
He returned to Neighbours at the end of 2004, and continued as a regular character until the show's final episode in 2022  He is the only current cast member who appeared in the first episode, although he is not the longest serving due to his long break  Of his role in Neighbours, Dennis has said that people struggle to tell the difference between himself and the character and "shy away" from him because "they think I'm going to bark at them"  He has conceded that it could be a testament to his acting and says "It's a real compliment though, as people know the character that well, they actually think I am like him in real life"  As a matter of fact, although he portrays Paul Robinson as having a prosthetic leg, he has two good legs of his own In 2009, Dennis was stalked by two fans while presenting the Best Villain award at the British Soap Awards  He hosted a documentary special celebrating Neighbours' 30th anniversary titled Neighbours 30th: The Stars Reunite, which aired in Australia and the UK in March 2015  In 2018, Dennis appeared in the recurring role of Michael Armstrong QC in the sixth series of Wentworth 

Music
In 1989, Dennis started a side-line music career, and released the single "Don't It Make You Feel Good", which reached No  16 in the UK Singles Chart, in May of that year  He released a second single, "This Love Affair", which reached No  67 in the UK in October 1989



ground_truth: Jeffersontown, Kentucky

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Kevin Yorn an American entertainment attorney who represents an Australian actor who  played the role of Josh Taylor in what soap opera?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Dennis is a talented pipe organist (cite Australian Organist Association 1990 march)
In 2013, Dennis sang and appeared as Santa Claus in the music video for his Neighbours co-star Alan Fletcher's song "If You Want a Happy Christmas" 

Personal life
Dennis' older brother, John, was killed by a drunk driver at the age of 12  Of the sentencing, Dennis has said: "That driver was fined just $50 for what he did  And that same weekend someone who killed a koala at Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary got fined $200  So    well, that's hard " Dennis has used the incident to raise awareness about drink driving via his Twitter account Dennis previously dated Natalie Imbruglia and Gayle Blakeney in the 1990s while they were co-starring on Neighbours with him He met and married his wife, Gail when in the UK  The couple have two sons, Cameron and Declan, and a daughter Darci  The family reside in Australia 

Filmography
Television
Films
Theatre
Passage 6:
Lisa A  Callif
Lisa Anne Callif (born January 6, 1974) is an American entertainment attorney specializing in independent film  She works in all aspects of the field with a focus on clearance work – enabling filmmakers to use a limited amount of unlicensed material in their projects with the U S  Copyright Law's fair use doctrine In 2008, Callif became a named partner at the Beverly Hills law firm Donaldson & Callif  She has worked on such documentary films as I'm Still Here, Waiting for Superman and Inside Job  Filmmakers she has worked with include: Oliver Stone, Jason Blum and Elise Pearlstein  She is an adjunct associate professor of law at Southwestern Law School in Los Angeles 

As an author
In 2010, Callif released The American Bar Association's Legal Guide to Independent Film Making, which she co-authored with law partner Michael C  Donaldson, whose book Clearance & Copyright: Everything the Independent Filmmaker Needs to Know is used as a textbook in over 50 college and university film schools across America 

Recognition
In 2011 Callif was named one of "The Best and the Brightest" of Hollywood Law by Variety magazine 

Bibliography
The American Bar Association's Legal Guide To Independent Filmmaking (2010) (by Lisa A  Callif & Michael C  Donaldson)
Passage 7:
Ernest Del
Ernest Del (born January 16, 1952) is an American entertainment attorney  Del served as Senior Advisor at ZeniMax Media from 2017 till 2021 
Del previously served as President of ZeniMax from 1999 up until April 2017  He also serves as a director of Delivery Agent and of the Silver Eagle Acquisition Corporation 

Education
Del graduated with degrees in economics and political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1973 and earned his J D  degree from Stanford University Law School in 1976 

Career
Del began his law career in 1976 as an antitrust litigator at the law firm of Wyman, Bautzer, Rothman & Kuchel, focused primarily on cases addressing the transformation of the nationwide Bell telephone system in the late 1970s before shifting to transactional entertainment law  Initially he worked exclusively on feature films in the United States and abroad  He later worked on television and digital media 
In December 1999, he became President at ZeniMax Media  He additionally served as president of ZeniMax Europe from December 2010 to August 2012   Del later became part of the law firm Del, Shaw, Moonves, Tanaka, Finkelstein & Lezcano 

Entertainment law
Del's clients include: Fox's former executive and current CEO of Tribune Company, Peter Liguori, Kevin Reilly (Chairman of Entertainment for the Fox Broadcasting Company), Former CW executive Dawn Ostroff, 20th TV's Dana Walden, Lionsgate CEO Jon Feltheimer, former The WB Television Network network president David Janollari, Leslie Moonves ( former president and CEO, CBS Corporation), actor-producer Paul Reiser, Stuart Bloomberg the former chairman of ABC Entertainment, Bob Greenblatt (chairman of NBC Entertainment)  Some of his associates from Hollywood sat on ZeniMax's Board of Directors: Leslie Moonves, Harry Sloan and Jerry Bruckheimer Del helped Harry E  Sloan to rebuild MGM, when Sloan was  chairman and CEO there  He also repped Providence Equity Partners in the creation of Hulu, as well as advising Bethesda Softworks  In 2009 and 2010, Del was called a power lawyer by The Hollywood Reporter 

See also
Greg Bautzer
Passage 8:
Umar Lubis
Umar Lubis (born July 14, 1973 in Jakarta) is an Indonesian actor  He is known for his numerous roles in soap operas  He always role in SinemArt soap opera  Usually he always role as father in soap opera  He is son in-law from Rae Sita  His name started to be known by public when he play in soap opera Intan  In that soap opera, he roled as Dr  Frans, father of Lila who is roled by Ingka Noverita 

Personal life
Umar married  Ravelra Ruth Supit (October 14, 1975) in 1996  From their marriage, they have four children, there are Nabil Raehan Lubis (January 1997), Ramzie Rif'at Lubis (July 7, 1998), Rania Rizqina Lubis (July 24, 2002), and Raafi Ali Lubis (April 2011) 

Filmography
Films
Soap Operas
TVM
Kupilih Jalanku Sendiri (2017) as Akmal Fatoni
Passage 9:
Michael C  Donaldson
Michael C  Donaldson (born October 13, 1939) is an American entertainment attorney, independent film advocate and a recipient of the International Documentary Association's Amicus Award, an honor bestowed upon only two others, Steven Spielberg and John Hendricks, in the 25-year history of the awards  He is a proponent of the 165-year-old fair-use doctrine and, through its use, is known for saving documentarians hundreds of thousands of dollars while preserving their First Amendment rights In addition to serving as general counsel to Film Independent (home of the Independent Spirit Awards and the Los Angeles Film Festival) and the Writers Guild of America/West Foundation, Donaldson practices at his Beverly Hills law firm, Donaldson & Callif, where, in 2008, entertainment attorney Lisa A  Callif became a partner 

United States v  Stevens
Donaldson played a significant part in the Supreme Court of the United States’ United States v  Stevens case by arranging the amicus brief that was filed by four documentary film organizations the members of which were directly affected by the Supreme Court's decision – the International Documentary Association, Film Independent, the Independent Feature Project, and the Independent Film & Television Alliance The amicus brief was filed on behalf of a documentary filmmaker who made a film about the history of pit bulls and included a clip of dog fights in Japan, where dog fighting is legal  Filmmaker Robert Stevens was sentenced to three years in prison for violating a federal statute that criminalizes the depiction of cruelty to animals in film 
Through this brief the organizations urged the court to rule in favor of Stevens because of the case's First Amendment implications 
On April 20, 2010, the United States Supreme Court ruled 8–1 in favor of voiding a 1999 animal cruelty law in favor of free speech protections guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution 

Chevron v  Joe Berlinger
Donaldson prepared an amicus brief in support of filmmaker Joe Berlinger, who was ordered to hand over some 600 hours of raw footage shot in connection with his documentary Crude  Chevron Corporation requested the footage, intending to use it to defend itself in an Ecuadorian class-action lawsuit (filed against it for environmental contamination to the Amazon rainforest) as well as to help fend off the threatened criminal prosecution of two of its attorneys in the litigation The brief was prepared pro bono by Donaldson's firm and filed in an effort to protect against the potentially devastating consequences the subpoena could have on the role documentary filmmakers play in providing independent information on human rights and social issues through their use of the First Amendment right known as Reporters' Privilege  A number of industry organizations and individuals signed on to the brief, including Film Independent, IFP Inc , Alex Gibney, and Eddie Schmidt, who was president of the International Documentary Association Actor, director, and environmental activist Robert Redford, has made his thoughts on the issue known in public media platforms 

Digital Millennium Copyright Act
On July 26, 2010, the United States Copyright Office ruled that documentary filmmakers would be exempt from the provisions of the DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998) that criminalize the act of circumventing electronic and digital copyright protection systems when ripping material from DVDs  The exemption was the result of an action spearheaded by Donaldson who assembled a coalition of award-winning documentarians and filmmaker organizations and provided pro bono legal council for the legal request Prior to the ruling, documentary filmmakers were forced to use technically inferior methods to obtain copyrighted material permitted them by the fair use doctrine in United States copyright law  The exemption allows documentarians to legally obtain portions of encrypted or digitally locked material from DVDs for non-infringing use in their films The exemption was in effect through October 28, 2012   On October 26, 2012, the Librarian of Congress published a new set of exemptions, effective October 28, 2001 through October 28, 2015, that provide substantially the same filmmaker rights 

Net neutrality
Donaldson assisted in the effort to ensure that documentary filmmakers have the same rights as major studios in terms of the speed at which their films will be able to travel the internet  He, along with Jack I  Lerner and the USC Intellectual Property and Technology Law Clinic, organized the efforts on a pro-bono bases in support of the principle termed Net Neutrality  The fight was led by the International Documentary Association and was supported by such additional organizations as Film Independent, University Film & Video Association, Independent Filmmaker Project, Independent Feature Project Chicago, IFP Minnesota and National Alliance for Media Arts and Culture 
On January 2, 2011, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality in a 3-to-2 vote 

Lee & William Storey v  Commissioner of Internal Revenue
In support of the documentary film community's tax status, Donaldson, along with his firm's team of attorneys, prepared an amicus brief on a pro-bono basis urging the United States Tax Court to recognize that documentary films are overwhelmingly undertaken in the pursuit of a profit  It was filed in response to the Internal Revenue Service's challenge of filmmaker Lee Storey's business expenses associated with his documentary Smile ‘Til It Hurts: The Up With People Story 
During Storey's March 2011 trial, a judge expressed an inclination to hold that documentaries are intended to “educate and expose” rather than make a profit 
If documentary filmmaking were to be viewed by the IRS as merely a means to persuade or entertain – and not intended to turn a profit – documentarians would no longer be able to claim deductions incurred in the production of such films On Thursday, April 19, 2012, U S  Tax Court Judge Diane L  Kroupa recognized documentary filmmaking as a legitimate business and ruled that Storey can write off the entirety of her filmmaking losses, which were in the amount of hundreds of thousands of dollars 

Judge Learned Hand
On May 5, 2013, Los Angeles Review of Books – an online literary review journal that covers the American and international book scene – published Donaldson's review of the book Reason and Imagination: the Selected Correspondence of Learned Hand, a collection of Judge Learned Hand's personal letters  Aside from a few members of the US Supreme Court, Hand is the most-quoted judge in American history  In his extensive, 2700-word review, Donaldson describes the book as "a sweeping retelling of American history from one of its most intelligent, dispassionate participants "

Escape from Tomorrow
Donaldson was the key proponent in assuring the film Escape from Tomorrow fell under the fair-use doctrine and was insurable 
Escape from Tomorrow premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2013  The film was shot entirely guerilla-style at Disney World and Disneyland without obtaining permission from the parks  The issue with getting the movie insured was not merely that it was shot secretly inside the parks, but that the movie is a parody of Disney that portrays a “darker” side, which goes against the company brand In order to get the movie insured, Donaldson issued an opinion letter to the insurance company presenting a case for fair use, trademark, public domain, and access issues  The opinion letter was the longest that his office had ever written; it took 4 months to assemble  The E&O insurance policy was issued in the standard time of one week  The film was released to theaters and video on October 11, 2013 

The Central Park Five
Donaldson worked alongside New York attorney Andrew Cielli to prepare and file an amicus brief on behalf of documentary filmmakers Ken Burns, Sarah Burns, and David McMahon, who produced the documentary The Central Park Five  The brief was supported by the International Documentary Association, NAMAC, and Film Independent The Central Park Five chronicles the story of five men wrongfully accused of raping a Central Park jogger in 1989  They were later exonerated after another man confessed and provided DNA evidence  Eight years later the wrongfully accused filed a 50 million dollar lawsuit against the state of New York, claiming their confessions were coerced and their case was mishandled  In its defense, the state of New York attempted to obtain outtakes from the film, claiming the documentarians forfeited their journalistic privilege because they advocated on behalf of the subjects of the documentary Donaldson fought for the filmmakers, arguing that preservation of journalistic privilege is essential in order for documentarians’ work to be effective, despite how the story was discovered or how passionately they advocate for their subjects  On February 19, 2013, U S  Magistrate Judge Ronald L  Ellis ruled in favor of the documentary filmmakers preserving their journalistic privilege 

Orphan works legislation
On April 2, 2014, Donaldson testified before the House Judiciary Committee in Washington, DC on behalf of the Independent Documentary Association and Film Independent on the subject of orphan works  Orphan words are copyrighted works whose owners cannot be contacted or found despite a diligent search  Donaldson's testimony urged Congress to consider documentary and independent filmmakers when crafting new legislation on orphan works since, under current law, filmmakers are at risk of being hit with huge damages when using unlicensed material, no matter how diligent a search for the owners 

As an author
Donaldson's Clearance & Copyright: Everything the Independent Filmmaker Needs to Know is used as a textbook in over 50 college and university film schools across America  He is also the author of Negotiating for Dummies, which has been translated into 9 languages, as well as Do It Yourself! Trademarks & Copyrights and Fearless Negotiating: The Wish, Want, Walk Method To Reaching Agreements That Work 
In 2010, Donaldson released The American Bar Association's Legal Guide To Independent Filmmaking, which he co-authored with his partner Lisa A  Callif 

Recognition
Donaldson was honored with the International Documentary Association's Amicus Award in 2009  He was included in The Hollywood Reporter's "Power Lawyers" list in 2010 and 2011  In 2012 he was included in Variety's Legal Impact Report 2012: Game-Changing Attorneys  And he was selected as a Super Lawyer in 2009, 2012 and 2013 

Bibliography
The E-Z Legal Guide to Trademarks & Copyrights (1995)
Do It Yourself! Trademarks & Copyrights (1995)
Clearance & Copyright: Everything the Independent Filmmaker Needs to Know (1996)
Negotiating for Dummies (1996)
Negotiating for Dummies 2nd Edition (2007)
Fearless Negotiating: The Wish, Want, Walk Method To Reaching Agreements That Work (2007)
Clearance & Copyright: Everything You Need to Know for Film and Television (2008)
The American Bar Association's Legal Guide To Independent Filmmaking (2010) (by Michael C  Donaldson & Lisa A  Callif)



ground_truth: Neighbours