prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where is the University Joe Odom played football for located?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Joe Fincham
Joe Fincham (born October 6, 1964) is a former American football coach  He served as the head football coach at Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio from 1996 to 2021, compiling a record of 224–51  Fincham played football at Ohio University from 1983 to 1986  On September 25, 2010, Fincham won his 130th game, passing Dave Maurer for the most wins in Wittenberg Tigers football history 

Head coaching record
See also
List of college football coaches with 200 wins
Passage 2:
James C  Donnelly
James Corcoran Donnelly (December 9, 1881 – March 24, 1952) was an American college football player and coach in the early 1900s  He played football at Worcester's Classical High School then went on to Dartmouth where he played football  After graduation in 1905 he went to Harvard Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1908  He practiced law and served as head football coach at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (1909, 1911, 1915), Howard College in Birmingham, Alabama (1910), and Miami University in Oxford, Ohio (1912–1914), compiling a career college football record of 22–32–4  In 1931, he was appointed a Superior Court judge  His younger brother, Charley Donnelly also coached football at the high school and college level  His youngest brother, Ralph E  Donnelly, was also a standout football player and war hero 

Early life
Donnelly was born on December 9, 1881 in Clinton, Massachusetts  Donnelly was the oldest of seven children born to John E  Donnelly and Mary Ellen Corcoran Donnelly  His father immigrated from England and was a machinist in Clinton  James graduated from Classical High School in Worcester, where he had starred in football 

College career
He attended Dartmouth College where he graduated with an A B  in 1905  He excelled in football where he played end on the first Dartmouth football team to beat Harvard  In 1904, his final year, he lettered under coach Fred Folsom  That year, he helped the Dartmouth eleven to an undefeated record of 9–0–1 with a scoreless tie to national power Harvard  Donnelly played alongside three Walter Camp All-Americans, Joseph Gilman at guard (2nd team), Ralph Glaze at end (3rd team) and James Vaughn at halfback (3rd team)  The team out scored its opponents by a combined score of 143 to 13  After graduating from Dartmouth, Donnelly attended Harvard Law School and graduated in 1907 

Legal career
After graduating from Harvard, he was admitted to the bar in 1908 and became a lawyer in Worcester, Massachusetts  Early in his career, he clerked in the law office of Thayer & Cobb, where he worked with Webster Thayer, later the judge in the Sacco and Vanzetti Trial  In 1908, he became law partners with Charles F  Campbell  In 1931, he was appointed as a judge in the Superior Court in Worcester by Governor Joseph B  Ely  His appointment was aided partly by the political connections of his family and his law partner but was hailed by the legal community because he was known for his consistency and fairness 

Coaching career
In the fall of 1905 he began coaching local high schools and colleges in the area  During the period from 1905 to 1909 he was the football coach of one or two teams per season including at Worcester High School, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and Highland Military Academy of Worcester  In 1910 he took the head football job at Howard College (now known as Samford University) in Birmingham, Alabama  His team finished the season with a 1–8 record and was outscored 304 to 10  In 1911 he returned to coach at Worcester Polytechnic Institute until he was hired for the 1912 football season as an acting professor of physical education and football coach at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio  In the three years as head coach at Miami he had a combined record 14–8–2  Donnelly was replaced as head football coach for the 1915 season by Chester J  Roberts  At the time Miami was changing their philosophy of athletics by moving to an all-year athletic coach  Donnelly was unable to be in Oxford for the entire school year since he could only take a limited amount of time off from his law practice in Massachusetts 

Personal life
Donnelly married Mary O'Reilly of Worcester on October 21, 1920  They had three children: James, Jr , Rosemary, and Elizabeth Ann  Donnelly was killed in a traffic accident in Ashland, Virginia on the way back from Florida, on March 24, 1952  His car was hit head on by a truck  His wife and his daughter, Rosemary were also in the car at the time of the accident, with Rosemary also being killed 

Head coaching record
College football
Passage 3:
Joe Simmons (coach)
Joseph F  Simmons (June 5, 1895 – March 4, 1973) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach   He served as the head football coach at Central Michigan University for one season in 1920, compiling a record of 4–3–1   He was also the head basketball and head baseball coach at Central Michigan during the same academic year   Simmons graduated from Carthage College, where played football, basketball, and baseball, and ran track   He coached high school football at South Milwaukee High School in the late 1920s and at Milwaukee Country Day School from 1928 to 1936   He was an assistant football coach at Yale University from 1937 to 1939 

Head coaching record
College football
Passage 4:
Joe Odom
Joseph Edward Odom (born December 14, 1979) is a former National Football League (NFL) linebacker   He was selected in the sixth round of the 2003 NFL Draft with the 191st overall pick by the Chicago Bears out of Purdue University  On August 23, 2006, Odom was claimed off of waivers by the Buffalo Bills  After suffering a career ending knee injury, he was forced to medically retire after the 2006 season  Joe currently works for the Stephen Gould Corporation out of Tampa, FL  He is married to Aline Odom from Brazil and has three daughters: Stella Odom, Luna Odom, and Beatriz Odom  They currently live on a small farm in Myakka City, FL 
Passage 5:
Sammy Joe Odom
Sammy Joe Odom (November 13, 1941 - January 18, 2001) was a professional football player, who played for the Houston Oilers in 1964 Odom was born November 13, 1941, in Shreveport, Louisiana, and attended Minden High School in Minden, Louisiana, and then Northwestern State University, playing for the Northwestern State Demons football as a linebacker/defensive tackle in the Gulf States Conference  He was drafted in the seventh round of the 1964 NFL Draft with pick 95 by the Cleveland Browns and pick 78 in the tenth round of the  1964 AFL Draft by the Houston Oilers He opted to go to the Oilers and played fourteen games as a defensive tackle with the Oilers in 1964, making two interceptions for 22 yards  The following year he moved to the Richmond Rebels, as part of their inaugural team playing in the newly established Continental Football League  He did not play a game for the team and was delisted 
Odom died on January 18, 2001, in Mansfield, Louisiana 
Passage 6:
Purdue University
Purdue University (or simply Purdue) is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system  The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money to establish a college of science, technology, and agriculture in his name  The first classes were held on September 16, 1874, with six instructors and 39 students  It has been ranked as among the best public universities in the United States by major institutional rankings, and is known for its engineering program The main campus in West Lafayette offers more than 200 majors for undergraduates, over 70 masters and doctoral programs, and professional degrees in pharmacy, veterinary medicine, and doctor of nursing practice  In addition, Purdue has 18 intercollegiate sports teams and more than 1000 student organizations  Purdue is the founding member of the Big Ten Conference and enrolls the largest student body of any individual university campus in Indiana, as well as the ninth-largest foreign student population of any university in the United States Purdue University is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity"  Purdue faculty, students, alumni and other affiliates have reached many notable and influential positions in business, media, politics, and science  Purdue has been affiliated with 13 Nobel laureates, 1 Turing Award laureate, 2 World Food Prize laureates, 3 Pulitzer Prize winners, 18 Olympic medalists, 3 National Medal of Technology and Innovation recipients, 2 National Medal of Science recipients, 3 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients, 7 members of Congress, 3 U S  governors, and 2 heads of state  Purdue has over 400,000 living alumni  Its alumni have included 26 astronauts, 6 current Fortune 500 CEOs, 2 Rhodes Scholars, 4 Truman Scholars and 3 Gates Scholars 

History
In 1865, the Indiana General Assembly voted to take advantage of the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862 and began plans to establish an institution with a focus on agriculture and engineering  Communities throughout the state offered facilities and funding in bids for the location of the new college  Popular proposals included the addition of an agriculture department at Indiana State University, at what is now Butler University  By 1869, Tippecanoe County's offer included $150,000 (equivalent to $3 3 million in 2022) from Lafayette business leader and philanthropist John Purdue; $50,000 from the county; and 100 acres (0 4 km2) of land from local residents On May 6, 1869, the General Assembly established the institution in Tippecanoe County as Purdue University, in the name of the principal benefactor  Classes began at Purdue on September 16, 1874, with six instructors and 39 students  Professor John S  Hougham was Purdue's first faculty member and served as acting president between the administrations of presidents Shortridge and White  A campus of five buildings was completed by the end of 1874  In 1875, Sarah A  Oren, the State Librarian of Indiana, was appointed professor of botany Purdue issued its first degree, a Bachelor of Science in chemistry, in 1875  The first female student was admitted that autumn Emerson E  White, the university's president from 1876 to 1883, followed a strict interpretation of the Morrill Act  Rather than emulate the classical universities, White believed Purdue should be an "industrial college" and devote its resources toward providing a broad, liberal education with an emphasis on science, technology, and agriculture  He intended not only to prepare students for industrial work, but also to prepare them to be good citizens and family members Part of White's plan to distinguish Purdue from classical universities included a controversial attempt to ban fraternities, which was ultimately overturned by the Indiana Supreme Court, leading to White's resignation  The next president, James H  Smart, is remembered for his call in 1894 to rebuild the original Heavilon Hall "one brick higher" after it had been destroyed by a fire By the end of the nineteenth century, the university was organized into schools of agriculture, engineering (mechanical, civil, and electrical), and pharmacy; former U S  President Benjamin Harrison served on the board of trustees  Purdue's engineering laboratories included testing facilities for a locomotive, and for a Corliss steam engine—one of the most efficient engines of the time  The School of Agriculture shared its research with farmers throughout the state, with its cooperative extension services, and would undergo a period of growth over the following two decades  Programs in education and home economics were soon established, as well as a short-lived school of medicine  By 1925, Purdue had the largest undergraduate engineering enrollment in the country, a status it would keep for half a century 

President Edward C  Elliott oversaw a campus building program between the world wars  Inventor, alumnus, and trustee David E  Ross coordinated several fundraisers, donated lands to the university, and was instrumental in establishing the Purdue Research Foundation  Ross's gifts and fundraisers supported such projects as Ross–Ade Stadium, the Memorial Union, a civil engineering surveying camp, and Purdue University Airport  Purdue Airport was the country's first university-owned airport and the site of the country's first college-credit flight training courses Amelia Earhart joined the Purdue faculty in 1935 as a consultant for these flight courses and as a counselor on women's careers  In 1936, the Purdue Research Foundation provided the funds for the Lockheed Electra 10-E Earhart flew on her attempted round-the-world flight  
Every school and department at the university was involved in some type of military research or training during World War II  During a project on radar receivers, Purdue physicists discovered properties of germanium that led to the making of the first transistor  The Army and the Navy conducted training programs at Purdue and more than 17,500 students, staff, and alumni served in the armed forces  Purdue set up about a hundred centers throughout Indiana to train skilled workers for defense industries  As veterans returned to the university under the G I  Bill, first-year classes were taught at some of these sites to alleviate the demand for campus space  Four of these sites are now degree-granting regional campuses of the Purdue University system  On-campus housing became racially desegregated in 1947, following pressure from Purdue President Frederick L  Hovde and Indiana Governor Ralph F  Gates After the war, Hovde worked to expand the academic opportunities at the university  A decade-long construction program emphasized science and research  In the late 1950s and early 1960s the university established programs in veterinary medicine, industrial management, and nursing, as well as the first computer science department in the United States  Undergraduate humanities courses were strengthened, although Hovde only reluctantly approved of graduate-level study in these areas  Purdue awarded its first Bachelor of Arts degrees in 1960  The programs in liberal arts and education, formerly administered by the School of Science, were soon split into an independent school 
The official seal of Purdue was officially inaugurated during the university's centennial in 1969  Consisting of elements from emblems that had been used unofficially since the 1890s, the current seal depicts a griffin, symbolizing strength, and a three-part shield, representing education, research, and service In 1975, Purdue University joined ARPANET, an early packet-switching network that would ultimately become the foundation for the modern internet In recent years, Purdue's leaders have continued to support high-tech research and international programs  In 1987, U S  President Ronald Reagan visited the West Lafayette campus to give a speech about the influence of technological progress on job creation In the 1990s, the university added more opportunities to study abroad and expanded its course offerings in world languages and cultures  The first buildings of the Discovery Park interdisciplinary research center were dedicated in 2004 Purdue launched a Global Policy Research Institute in 2010 to explore the potential impact of technical knowledge on public policy decisions On April 27, 2017, Purdue University announced plans to acquire for-profit college Kaplan University and convert it to a public university in the state of Indiana, subject to multiple levels of approval  That school now operates as Purdue University Global, and aims to serve adult learners 

Integration
Purdue had black graduates by the 1890s, and in 1905 a Black man ran for its track team  But some time in the 1910s the teams became segregated, and remained so until a student protest in 1947  Black students were not allowed to live in the residence halls until the 1940s  Black males were able to live in cooperatives, but Black females were not allowed to live anywhere in West Lafayette  In 1946 the women's dormitories were integrated by an order of the governor of Indiana Helen Williams became the first Black faculty member in 1968 

Campuses
Purdue's campus is situated in the small city of West Lafayette, near the western bank of the Wabash River, across which sits the larger city of Lafayette  State Street, which is concurrent with State Road 26, divides the northern and southern portions of campus  Academic buildings are mostly concentrated on the eastern and southern parts of campus, with residence halls and intramural fields to the west, and athletic facilities to the north  The Greater Lafayette Public Transportation Corporation (CityBus) operates eight campus loop bus routes on which students, faculty, and staff can ride free of charge with Purdue Identification 

Purdue Mall
The Purdue Mall is the central quad of Purdue University and was created to connect the academic campus with Ross-Ade Stadium  It is also known as the Engineering Mall due to its proximity to several engineering buildings  The most prominent feature of the Purdue Mall is the 38-foot (12 m)-tall concrete Engineering Fountain, and also features the Frederick L  Hovde Hall of Administration, which houses the office of the university president, Mitchell E  Daniels The Purdue Bell Tower is between the Stadium and Centennial Malls  The Bell Tower is considered an icon of the university and can be found on many Purdue logos and those of the cities of Lafayette and West Lafayette Southwest of the Stadium Mall is the Edward C  Elliott Hall of Music, one of the largest proscenium theaters in the world  Elliott Hall of Music serves as the home of the Purdue "All-American" Marching Band, Purdue Bands and Orchestras, the WBAA studio  Purdue's Student Concert Committee often invites famous entertainers to perform there for an audience of students, faculty, and the public West of the Elliott Hall of Music is the Armory Building  The Armory Building was rebuilt in 1918 after a fire and houses the university's ROTC programs and other clubs  In March 2019, university president Mitch Daniels described a proposal to repurpose the Armory Building, suggesting the space may be used for residential dining, retail, or classrooms but later said no changes would be made 

Memorial Mall
The Purdue Memorial Mall, south of the Purdue Mall, is the original section of campus  A popular meeting place for students, the grassy, open Memorial Mall is surrounded by the Stewart Center, Wetherill Laboratory of Chemistry, Stanley Coulter Hall, the Class of 1950 Lecture Hall, the Recitation Building, University Hall, and Stone Hall  The Memorial Mall also features the Hello Walk Near this section of campus is Felix Haas Hall, which was constructed in 1909 as Memorial Gymnasium in memory of the 17 Purdue University football players, coaches, alumni, and fans who perished in the Purdue Wreck railroad accident on October 31, 1903  The structure was renovated in 1985 to house the computer science department  In 2006, it was renamed in honor of retired Provost Felix Haas and began to also house the Statistics department  East of the Memorial Mall is the Purdue Memorial Union, Purdue's student union building, and the adjacent Union Club Hotel University Hall is the only building remaining from the original six-building campus  Construction began in 1871, when the building was known as "The Main Building"  The building was dedicated in 1877 and the project cost $35,000 to complete  University Hall originally housed the office of the president, a chapel, and classrooms, but was remodeled in 1961 to house only the department of history and classrooms used by the School of Liberal Arts  At the request of John Purdue, he was buried in the Memorial Mall, directly across from the main entrance of University Hall 

South Campus
The area south of State Street is home to Purdue's agricultural, fine arts, life sciences, and veterinary buildings  This area also includes the Krannert School of Management, Horticulture Gardens, Discovery Park, Lyles Porter Hall and the Purdue Airport  The Krannert School of Management has been nationally and globally ranked for both undergraduate and graduate degree programs  Krannert and Rawls Hall provide state of the art learning facilities to the majority of business classes on campus  Rawls Hall was built in 2006 with the help of a $10 million gift from Jerry S  Rawls, the largest in the management school's history Lyles Porter Hall houses interdisciplinary healthcare facilities and classroom space within the College of Health and Human Sciences as well as the West Lafayette branch of the Indiana University School of Medicine  Collectively, students and clinical faculty within Nursing, Health and Kinesiology, Nutrition Science, Psychological Sciences, and Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences see approximately 3,000 patients a year within this state-of-the-art interdisciplinary healthcare facility  The building features a nursing clinic, specialized preschool, exercise center, consultation space and demonstration kitchen for dietitians in training, clinical psychology facility, audiology and speech-language pathology clinics, cadaver laboratory for physicians in training, and research laboratories Purdue University Airport, which opened in 1930 was the first of its kind and remains one of only a few university-owned airports in the nation  Including the Niswonger Aviation Technology Building, which was dedicated in 2009, the facility symbolizes Purdue's storied relationship with aviation 

West Campus
The western portion of campus consists of student housing, dining, and recreation facilities  Students can play club and intramural sports at the Córdova Recreational Sports Center, the Morgan J  Burke Aquatic Center (named for former Purdue Men's Swimming & Diving Captain and longtime Vice President & Athletics Director), and the intramural playing fields in this area  The Córdova Recreational Sports Center, built in 1957, is the first building in the nation created solely to serve university student recreational needs  As a replacement for the previously separate women's and men's gymnasiums, it was originally called the "Co-recreational Gymnasium"  Despite several expansions and official name changes, it has been nicknamed "the Co-rec" ever since 

Stadium Avenue
Much of the northern part of campus sits on land purchased for the university by industrialist David E  Ross and author and humorist George Ade in the 1920s  Many of Purdue's athletic facilities are there, including Ross–Ade Stadium (American football), Mackey Arena (basketball), and Lambert Fieldhouse (indoor track and field)  This area also includes the Slayter Center of Performing Arts and Cary Quadrangle, one of the largest all-male housing units in the country Ross is one of three people buried on Purdue's campus, the others being John Purdue and former First Lady of Purdue, Jane Beering  Ross's and Beering's grave sites are in a garden atop Slayter Hill just to the west of the Slayter bandshell  Beering's husband, former Purdue President Steven Beering, will eventually join her atop the hill  Baseball's Alexander Field and other athletic facilities are a mile west of the stadium, at the newer Northwest Athletic Complex 

Organization and administration
The university president, appointed by the board of trustees, is the chief administrative officer of the university  The office of the president oversees admission and registration, student conduct and counseling, the administration and scheduling of classes and space, the administration of student athletics and organized extracurricular activities, the libraries, the appointment of the faculty and conditions of their employment, the appointment of all non-faculty employees and the conditions of employment, the general organization of the university, and the planning and administration of the university budget The Board of Trustees directly appoints other major officers of the university including a provost who serves as the chief academic officer for the university, several vice presidents with oversight over specific university operations, and the regional campus chancellors 

Academics
Admissions
Undergraduate
The 2022 annual ranking of U S  News & World Report categorizes Purdue University-West Lafayette as "more selective"  For the Class of 2025 (enrolled fall 2021), Purdue received 59,173 applications and accepted 40,759 (68 9%)  Of those accepted, 10,157 enrolled, a yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 24 9%  Purdue's freshman retention rate is 92%, with 81 5% going on to graduate within six years The university started test-optional admissions with the Fall 2021 incoming class in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and has extended this through Fall 2023  Of the 62% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1190-1430  Of the 31% of enrolled freshmen in 2021 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 26 and 33 Purdue University is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 88 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020  In the 2020–2021 academic year, 127 freshman students were National Merit Scholars 

Academic divisions
Purdue offers both undergraduate and graduate programs in over 211 major areas of study, and is well known for its competitive engineering curricula  The university has also been integral in America's history of aviation, having established the first college credit offered in flight training; the first four-year bachelor's degree in aviation; and the first university airport: Purdue University Airport  Purdue's aviation technology and aeronautical engineering programs remain among the most competitive aviation-specific programs in the world  In the mid-20th century, Purdue's aviation program expanded to encompass advanced spaceflight technology, giving rise to Purdue's nicknames Cradle of Astronauts and Mother of Astronauts  26 Purdue graduates have become astronauts, including Gus Grissom, one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts; Neil Armstrong, who was the first person to walk on the Moon; and Eugene Cernan, who was the last person to walk on the Moon The English department at Purdue launched the first Online Writing Lab (OWL), in 1994  Many colleges and universities use the Purdue OWL website as an academic writing reference source for proper word usage, punctuation, grammar, and style Purdue is organized into 10 colleges and schools  On July 1, 2010, the College of Health and Human Sciences was formed, through combining existing academic units, including the School of Nursing, the School of Health Sciences, the College of Consumer and Family Sciences, and non-humanities majors psychology and hearing and speech pathology from the College of Liberal Arts 

College of Agriculture
The university's College of Agriculture supports the university's agricultural, food, life, and natural resource science programs  The college also supports the university's charge as a land-grant university to support agriculture throughout the state; its agricultural extension program plays a key role in this 

College of Education
The College of Education offers undergraduate degrees in elementary education, social studies education, science education and special education, and graduate degrees in these and many other specialty areas of education  It has two departments: (a) Curriculum and Instruction and (b) Educational Studies 

College of Engineering
The Purdue University College of Engineering was established in 1874 with programs in Civil and Mechanical Engineering  The college now offers BS, MS, and PhD degrees in more than a dozen disciplines  Purdue's engineering program has also educated 24 of America's astronauts, including Neil Armstrong and Eugene Cernan who were the first and last astronauts to have walked on the Moon, respectively, and Gus Grissom, a member of the Mercury Seven  Many of Purdue's engineering disciplines are recognized as top-ten programs in the U S  The college as a whole is currently ranked 4th in the U S  of all doctorate-granting engineering schools by U S  News & World Report 

Exploratory Studies
The university's Exploratory Studies program supports undergraduate students who enter the university without having a declared major  It was founded as a pilot program in 1995 and made a permanent program in 1999 

College of Health and Human Sciences
The College of Health and Human Sciences was established in 2010 and is the newest college  It offers BS, MS and PhD degrees in all 10 of its academic units 

College of Liberal Arts
Purdue's College of Liberal Arts contains the arts, social sciences and humanities programs at the university  Liberal arts courses have been taught at Purdue since its founding in 1874  The School of Science, Education, and Humanities was formed in 1953  In 1963, the School of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Education was established, although Bachelor of Arts degrees had begun to be conferred as early as 1959  In 1989, the School of Liberal Arts was created to encompass Purdue's arts, humanities, and social sciences programs, while education programs were split off into the newly formed School of Education  The School of Liberal Arts was renamed the College of Liberal Arts in 2005 

Daniels School of Business
The Daniels School of Business offers management courses and programs at the undergraduate, master's, and doctoral levels 

College of Pharmacy
The university's College of Pharmacy was established in 1884 and is the 3rd oldest state-funded school of pharmacy in the United States  The school offers two undergraduate programs leading to the BS in Pharmaceutical Sciences (BSPS) and the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D ) professional degree  Graduate programs leading to MS and PhD degrees are offered in three departments (Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Pharmacy Practice)  Additionally, the school offers several non-degree certificate programs and post-graduate continuing education activities 

Purdue Polytechnic Institute
The Purdue Polytechnic Institute, formerly known as the College of Technology, offers bachelor's, master's and PhD degrees in a wide range of technology-related disciplines  With over 30,000 living alumni, it is one of the largest technology schools in the United States  In addition to the main school in West Lafayette, Purdue Polytechnic operates nine satellite campuses in Anderson, Columbus, Indianapolis, Kokomo, Lafayette, New Albany, Richmond, Vincennes, and South Bend  These locations offer certificate, associate, and/or bachelor's degrees, some of which are ABET-accredited technical degrees 
The Polytechnic Institute also maintains three high school campuses (two in Indianapolis and one in South Bend) that focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and feature hands-on project-based learning 

College of Science
The university's College of Science houses the university's science departments: Biological Sciences; Chemistry; Computer Science; Earth, Atmospheric, & Planetary Sciences; Mathematics; Physics & Astronomy; and Statistics  The science courses offered by the college account for about one-fourth of Purdue's one million student credit hours 

College of Veterinary Medicine
The College of Veterinary Medicine is accredited by the AVMA to offer the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree, associate's and bachelor's degrees in veterinary technology, master's and PhD degrees, and residency programs leading to specialty board certification  Within the state of Indiana, the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine is the only veterinary school, while the Indiana University School of Medicine is one of only two medical schools (the other being Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine)  The two schools frequently collaborate on medical research projects 

Honors College
Purdue's Honors College supports an honors program for undergraduate students at the university 

The Graduate School
The university's Graduate School supports graduate students at the university 

Purdue Online
Through Purdue Online, the administrative unit charged with planning and enabling the effort, Purdue has a growing online presence, in addition to Purdue Global, offering more than 200 programs through the university's four accredited institutions (Purdue West Lafayette, Purdue Northwest and Purdue Fort Wayne in Indiana and Purdue Global) including master's degree programs  Purdue Online, the unified online education initiative approved by Purdue President Mitch Daniels and the Purdue Board of Trustees in December 2018, is intended to radically expand these offerings by developing a "coordinated, unified system-wide portfolio of online course and degree offerings for students of all types " Students manage their Purdue University admin account using the BrightSpace Purdue Student Portal 

Research
The university expended $622 814 million in support of research system-wide in 2017, using funds received from the state and federal governments, industry, foundations, and individual donors  The faculty and more than 400 research laboratories put Purdue University among the leading research institutions  Purdue University is considered by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education to have "very high research activity"  Purdue also was rated the nation's fourth best place to work in academia, according to rankings released in November 2007 by The Scientist magazine  Purdue's researchers provide insight, knowledge, assistance, and solutions in many crucial areas  These include, but are not limited to Agriculture; Business and Economy; Education; Engineering; Environment; Healthcare; Individuals, Society, Culture; Manufacturing; Science; Technology; Veterinary Medicine The Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), a global research consortium focused on global economic governance challenges (trade, climate, resource use) is also coordinated by the university  Purdue University generated a record $438 million in sponsored research funding during the 2009–10 fiscal year with participation from National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U S  departments of Agriculture, Defense, Energy, and Health and Human Services  Purdue University was ranked fourth in Engineering research expenditures amongst all the colleges in the United States in 2017, with a research expenditure budget of 244 8 million Purdue University established the Discovery Park to bring innovation through multidisciplinary action  In all of the eleven centers of Discovery Park, ranging from entrepreneurship to energy and advanced manufacturing, research projects reflect a large economic impact and address global challenges  Purdue University's nanotechnology research program, built around the new Birck Nanotechnology Center in Discovery Park, ranks among the best in the nation The Purdue Research Park which opened in 1961 was developed by Purdue Research Foundation which is a private, nonprofit foundation created to assist Purdue  The park is focused on companies operating in the arenas of life sciences, homeland security, engineering, advanced manufacturing and information technology  It provides an interactive environment for experienced Purdue researchers and for private business and high-tech industry  It currently employs more than 3,000 people in 155 companies, including 90 technology-based firms  The Purdue Research Park was ranked first by the Association of University Research Parks in 2004 Purdue's library system consists of fifteen locations throughout the campus, including an archives and special collections research center, an undergraduate library, and several subject-specific libraries  More than three million volumes, including one million electronic books, are held at these locations  The Library houses the Amelia Earhart Collection, a collection of notes and letters belonging to Earhart and her husband George Putnam along with records related to her disappearance and subsequent search efforts  An administrative unit of Purdue University Libraries, Purdue University Press has its roots in the 1960 founding of Purdue University Studies by President Frederick Hovde on a $12,000 grant from the Purdue Research Foundation  This was the result of a committee appointed by President Hovde after the Department of English lamented the lack of publishing venues in the humanities  Since the 1990s, the range of books published by the Press has grown to reflect the work from other colleges at Purdue University especially in the areas of agriculture, health, and engineering  Purdue University Press publishes print and ebook monograph series in a range of subject areas from literary and cultural studies to the study of the human-animal bond  In 1993 Purdue University Press was admitted to membership of the Association of American University Presses  Purdue University Press publishes around 25 books a year and 20 learned journals in print, in print & online, and online-only formats in collaboration with Purdue University Libraries 

Sustainability
Purdue's Sustainability Council, composed of university administrators and professors, meets monthly to discuss environmental issues and sustainability initiatives at Purdue  The university's first LEED Certified building was an addition to the Mechanical Engineering Building, which was completed in Fall 2011  The school is also in the process of developing an arboretum on campus  In addition, a system has been set up to display live data detailing current energy production at the campus utility plant  The school holds an annual "Green Week" each fall, an effort to engage the Purdue community with issues relating to environmental sustainability 

Rankings
In its 2022 edition, U S  News & World Report ranked Purdue University the 7th most innovative national university, tied for the 18th best public university in the United States, tied for 51st overall, and 127th best global university  U S  News & World Report also rated Purdue tied for 36th in "Best Undergraduate Teaching, 81st in "Best Value Schools", tied for 326th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility", and the undergraduate engineering program tied for 9th at schools whose highest degree is a doctorate 

Campus life
Student body
8,562 students from 126 countries around the world attended Purdue University in 2012  In 2012–13, 19,689 out of a total of 39,256 students enrolled were Indiana residents  As of 2013, the racial diversity of the US-resident undergraduate student body was 5 7% Asian, 4 4% Hispanic or Latino, and 4 0% black or African American  Of the undergraduate students, 42 6% were female  Domestic minorities constitute a total of 10 8% in the graduate student body population of which 37 3% are female  Twenty-two percent of the student body is international, representing 126 countries  In graduate and professional student population, non-Indiana residents occupy an overwhelming majority, about 75%  Almost all undergraduates and about 70% of the graduate student population attend full-time  The school's selectivity for admissions is "more selective" by USNWR: approximately 49% of applicants are admitted 

Housing
About one-third of the single undergraduate students on the West Lafayette campus live in university-owned buildings  The rest live in fraternities, sororities, cooperatives, or private off-campus housing  There are 11,844 spaces available for undergraduate students, graduate students, and student families who choose to live on campus  Sixteen percent of the undergraduate student body are members of the 40 fraternities and 20 sororities on campus 
Purdue University operates seventeen separate residence halls for its undergraduate and graduate students, including Cary Quadrangle, Earhart Hall, First Street Towers, Frieda Parker Hall, Harrison Hall, Hawkins Hall, Hillenbrand Hall, Hilltop Apartments, Honors College and Residences, McCutcheon Hall, Meredith Hall, Meredith South Hall, Owen Hall, Shreve Hall, Tarkington Hall, Wiley Hall, Winifred Parker Hall, and the 5 Windsor Halls: Duhme, Shealy, Warren, Wood, and Vawter  Of the residence halls, Cary, McCutcheon, Wiley, and Tarkington are male-only while Windsor, Meredith South Hall, and Meredith Hall are female-only; the rest of them are co-ed There are 12 cooperative houses at Purdue (five men's houses and seven women's houses)  The men's houses include Circle Pines, Fairway, Marwood, Chauncey, and Gemini  The women's houses include Ann Tweedale, Glenwood, Twin Pines, Maclure, Stewart, Devonshire, and Shoemaker  All cooperative houses are governed under the Purdue Cooperative Council which is led by Purdue University students who live in these houses  The cooperative system allows for a much lower cost of living than other types of housing, averaging $2900 annually with all-inclusive monthly rent ranging from $250–$625 varying by house  The members take an active role in sharing chores and cooking all meals themselves, as opposed to hiring out cleaning and cooking staff Purdue University hosts one of the nation's largest Greek community, with approximately 6,000 students participating in one of the roughly 40 men's fraternities or 30 women's sororities  Several of Purdue's most distinguished graduates are members of fraternities and sororities  Purdue's Greek system is very strong and works together in various aspects, including the Inter-Fraternity Council, Panhellenic, and many very successful philanthropies  Every chapter has national philanthropy dedicated to a certain cause that many chapters also participate in  Besides philanthropy, Purdue Greeks are involved all over campus, including College Mentors for Kids, Purdue University Dance Marathon, Boiler Gold Rush, Purdue Student Government, and other activities 

Activities and events
Students at Purdue participate in more than 900 student organizations that cover a variety of interests  Some of the notable clubs founded by Purdue students include the Purdue Reamer Club (a school spirit organization that cares for the Boilermaker Special mascot and raises funds for scholarships) and two clubs that eventually became nationwide organizations: the National Society of Black Engineers and the Rube Goldberg Machine Contest Several campus-wide programs are planned by the Purdue Alumni Student Experience (part of the Alumni Association), Purdue Student Union Board, Purdue Student Government (PSG), or the Purdue Graduate Student Government (PGSG)  PSG and PGSG are made up of representatives from each of the university's academic colleges and give recommendations to the faculty, administration, and sometimes to the state legislature Annual campus events include Boiler Gold Rush, Purdue University Dance Marathon, Spring Fest, and Grand Prix  Boiler Gold Rush (BGR) is Purdue's new-student orientation program  BGR, which takes place before each fall semester, was formed to ease the transition to college for incoming students and to help them get acquainted with successful college life  Boiler Gold Rush activities include speaker presentations from various academic, cultural, safety, and professional organizations on campus, campus tours led by Team Leaders, academic 'meet the schools' picnic and interest sessions, late-night events at the Purdue Memorial Union, Recreational Sports Center and local stores, and a sports pep rally  Purdue University Dance Marathon (PUDM) is an 18-hour no-sitting, no-sleeping, dance marathon that takes place each fall in the Cordova Recreation center  Each year over 2,000 students participate and the event raises over $1 million annually for Riley Hospital for Children in Indianapolis  PUDM is also one of the largest collegiate Dance Marathons in the country  Spring Fest is an annual carnival with entertaining exhibits from many academic departments  A highlight of the weekend is the Entomology Department's Bug Bowl, where the sport of cricket spitting was invented in 1997  The Purdue Grand Prix, a 50-mile, 160-lap go-kart race is "The Greatest Spectacle in College Racing" and wraps up Gala Week each year  All 33 participating karts are made from scratch by student teams  The event has been raising money for student scholarships since it began in 1958 

Religious life
Purdue has a number of religious organizations on and near the campus  St  Thomas Aquinas Catholic Church serves the Catholic community at Purdue and the surrounding community  There is also a non-denominational Christian church, Campus House, which is affiliated with the popular coffee-shop Greyhouse Coffee  The Purdue Hillel Foundation and Chabad at Purdue are the university's Jewish campus organizations  The Islamic Society of Greater Lafayette has an Islamic center serving the needs of the Muslim community on campus 

Media
The Purdue Exponent, an independent student newspaper, has the largest circulation of any Indiana college newspaper, with a daily circulation of 17,500 copies during the spring and fall semesters  From 1889 to 2008 Purdue published a yearbook called the Debris WBAA is a professional radio station operation owned by and licensed to Purdue University  The station operates three noncommercial stations: WBAA News, WBAA Classical, and WBAA Jazz  The stations can be heard on AM920, 101 3 FM, and 105 9 FM  WBAA also broadcasts on HD Radio and digital platforms including wbaa org and the WBAA app  Its studios are in the Edward C  Elliott Hall of Music on the Purdue campus, and the transmitters are in Lafayette, Indiana  WBAA is the longest continuously-operating radio station in Indiana, having been licensed on April 4, 1922  WBAA is a NPR member station  Despite some public disapproval, in 2022, Purdue sold WBAA to WFYI-FM  Purdue received $700,000 in underwriting credit while agreeing to provide an investment of $250,000 annually for two years to WFYI to offset initial operating costs There are also a few campus radio stations on campus  Currently, three radio stations operate from residence halls, broadcasting via internet only; WCCR from Cary Quadrangle (not to be confused with the current WCCR FM or WCCR-LP stations in other states), WILY from Wiley Hall, and WHHR from Harrison Hall W9YB is the callsign of the Amateur Radio Club at Purdue University  W9YB is the longest standing club on campus and also holds the self-declared title of having one of the largest and most active collegiate amateur radio stations in the country  W9YB actively participates in emergency management for the Tippecanoe County area and maintains ready status with its members in skills to assist  W9YB is among the longest standing amateur radio clubs in the United States, with the current callsign dating back to 1932 and the previous callsign 9YB dating back to 1920 The "Movie Tribute Show" was created in a small television studio (now known as the Erik Mygrant Studio) on campus in 1999 

Athletics
On October 26, 1891, a newspaper in Crawfordsville, Indiana, called Purdue's football team the "Boiler Makers" when writing about their trouncing of Wabash College  Lafayette newspapers soon picked up the name, and in October 1892, The Purdue Exponent, Purdue's student newspaper, gave it the stamp of approval  In the early days of Purdue football, the team was called other names as well, including "haymakers," "railsplitters," "sluggers," and "cornfield sailors " This heritage is reflected in Purdue's official mascot: the Boilermaker Special (a truck-like vehicle that resembles a locomotive) and the athletic mascot Purdue Pete (a muscular hammer-wielding boilermaker)  The school colors of old gold and black were selected by Purdue's first football team in 1887 to resemble the orange and black of Princeton's then-successful team  The best known fight song is "Hail Purdue!" 
Purdue has one of the few college athletic programs not funded by student fees or subsidized by the university  It is home to 18 Division I/I-A NCAA teams including football, basketball, cross country, tennis, wrestling, golf, volleyball, ice hockey (ACHA), and others  Purdue is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and played a central role in its creation  Traditional rivals include Big Ten colleagues the Indiana Hoosiers (see Indiana–Purdue rivalry), the Illinois Fighting Illini, and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish from the Atlantic Coast Conference (football program independent, however) Purdue's baseball facility was named in honor of two alumni, Anna Margaret Ross Alexander and her husband, John Arthur Alexander, when the new stadium was dedicated in 2013 

Football
The Boilermaker football team represents Purdue University in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)  Ryan Walters is Purdue's current head coach, the 37th in the program's history  Purdue plays its home games at Ross-Ade Stadium on the campus of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana  The Boilermakers compete in the Big Ten Conference as a member of the West Division  With a 592–515–48 record, Purdue has the 49th most victories among NCAA FBS programs  Purdue was originally classified as a Major College school in the 1937 season until 1972  Purdue received Division I classification in 1973, becoming a Division I-A program from 1978 to 2006 and an FBS program from 2006 to the present  The Boilermakers have registered 64 winning seasons in their history, with 19 of those seasons resulting in eight victories or more, 10 seasons resulting in at least nine wins, and just one season with ten victories or more  Of those successful campaigns, Purdue has produced five unbeaten seasons in its history, going 4–0 in 1891, 8–0 in 1892, 8–0 in 1929, 7–0–1 in 1932 and 9–0 in 1943  The Boilermakers have won a total of 12 conference championships in their history, including four Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association titles and eight Big Ten Conference titles  The program is also notable for being one of only two universities – the other being the University of Alabama – to produce three Super Bowl-winning quarterbacks Found on a farm in southern Indiana, the Old Oaken Bucket is one of the oldest American football trophies  The winner of Purdue's annual game against the Indiana University Hoosiers gets to keep the trophy until the next face-off and add a bronze "P" or "I" link to its chain  The first competition in 1925 led to a 0–0 tie, resulting in the first link on the chain being an "IP " As of 1 September 2021, Purdue leads the series 74–42–6 During "Breakfast Club", best described as a cross between a pep rally and a Halloween party, students and even some alumni dress up in costumes, from traditional Halloween garb to creative hand-made costumes, as they bar-hop before Boilermaker home football games  The Breakfast Club plays a significant role during the football season and is informally a part of Purdue tradition  Many Boilermaker fans are dedicated; getting up at 5:00 a m  on Saturdays and lining up at the bars on Chauncey Hill and the levee by 6:00 a m  on game days  The Breakfast Club tradition also takes place the day of the annual Purdue Grand Prix race in April  Another tradition is Saturday morning wake-ups, where the Boilermaker Special uses its many loud horns and whistles to wake dorm students up in preparation for the day's game 

Basketball
The Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference  In 2005, Matt Painter became the head coach in West Lafayette  Painter took over the head coaching job from the winningest coach in school history, Gene Keady, becoming the second former Boilermaker basketball player to take the lead role  Purdue won its 25th Big Ten Conference Championship and 2nd Big Ten Tournament Championship in 2023  This mark leads the conference, as Indiana University Bloomington is second with 22 conference championshps  The Boilermakers were retroactively designated the 1932 national champions by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll, but have not won an NCAA Championship  They were the 1969 runner-up, falling to legendary coach and former Purdue player John Wooden-led UCLA  They last went to the Final Four in 1980, again falling to UCLA  The Purdue men's team has sent more than 30 players to the NBA including two overall No  1 picks in the NBA draft  The Purdue women's basketball team were the 1999 NCAA Champions and 2001 runner-ups  The Boilermakers men's and women's basketball teams have won more Big Ten Championships than any other conference school, with 32 regular-season conference titles and 11 Big Ten Tournament titles  Purdue men's basketball achieved an all-time winning record against all Big Ten Schools when it gained a winning record over Ohio State with three wins in 2023, improving that record from 91-92 to 94-92  Purdue shares an all-sport rivalry with in-state foe Indiana University and holds a 125–92 series lead in men's basketball 

People
Faculty
The original faculty of six in 1874 has grown to 2,563 tenured and tenure-track faculty in the Purdue Statewide System by Fall 2007 totals  The number of faculty and staff members system-wide is 18,872  The current faculty includes scholars such as Arden L  Bement Jr  (director of the National Science Foundation), R  Graham Cooks, Douglas Comer, Louis de Branges de Bourcia (who proved the Bieberbach conjecture), Victor Raskin, David Sanders, Leah Jamieson, James L  Mohler (who has written several manuals of computer graphics), and Samuel S  Wagstaff Jr  (inventor of the Wagstaff prime) Purdue's tenured faculty comprises sixty Academic Deans, Associate Deans, and Assistant Deans; 63 Academic Department Heads; 753 Professors; 547 Associate Professors; and 447 Assistant Professors  Purdue employs 892 non-tenure-track faculty, Lecturers, and Postdoctoral Researchers at its West Lafayette campus  Purdue employs another 691 tenured and 1,021 Non-Tenure Track Faculty, Lecturers, and Postdoctoral Researchers at its Regional Campuses and Statewide Technology unit Two faculty members (chemists Herbert C  Brown and Ei-ichi Negishi) have been awarded Nobel Prizes while at Purdue  In all, 13 Nobel Prizes in five fields have been associated with Purdue including students, researchers, and current and previous faculty  Other notable faculty of the past have included Golden Gate Bridge designer Charles Alton Ellis, efficiency expert Lillian Gilbreth, food safety advocate Harvey Wiley, aviator Amelia Earhart, president of the National Association of Mathematicians Edray Goins, radio pioneer Reginald Fessenden, and Yeram S  Touloukian, founder of the Thermophysical Properties Research Center 

Alumni
Purdue alumni have achieved recognition in a range of areas, particularly in the science, engineering, and aviation industries  The university's alumni pool collectively holds over 15,000 United States patents Purdue alumni include 25 astronauts, including Gus Grissom, America's second man in space and first to fly in NASA's Gemini program, Neil Armstrong, the first to walk on the Moon, and Eugene Cernan, the last astronaut to do so  Over one-third of all of NASA's crewed space missions have had at least one Purdue graduate as a crew member In science, Purdue has also produced Nobel Prize–winning physicists in Edward Mills Purcell and Ben Roy Mottelson, as well as Nobel Prize–winning chemist Akira Suzuki  Other noted Purdue alumni in science include pioneer of robotics and remote control technology Thomas B  Sheridan; Debian founder Ian Murdock; Chinese physicist Deng Jiaxian, a founding father and key contributor to the Chinese nuclear weapon programs; mathematician Yitang Zhang; chemist Lawrence Rocks; biochemist Edwin T  Mertz, credited with the discovery of high-protein corn and beans; Indian chemist CNR Rao, who has been awarded the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India; engineer Mohamed Atalla who invented the MOS transistor; physical organic chemist and advocate for women and minorities in science Nina Roscher, who received the ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences (1996) and the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring (1998); and professor Reuben J  Olembo, a geneticist and environmentalist who went on to become the deputy executive director of UNEP and a UN Assistant Secretary-General, and who was recognised by Purdue in 1994 with a Distinguished Alumni Award for Agriculture In business and economics, Purdue alumni include Stephen Bechtel, Jr , owner of Bechtel Corporation; Federal Reserve Bank president Jeffrey Lacker; and popcorn specialist Orville Redenbacher  In 2010, Bloomberg also revealed Purdue was one of the universities in America with the most undergraduate alumni serving as chief executive officers of S&P 500 firms  They are Gregory Wasson, president/CEO of Walgreens; Mark Miller, chairman/president/CEO of Stericycle; Charles Davidson, former chairman/CEO of Noble Energy; Samuel Allen, chairman /president/CEO of Deere & Company; Don Thompson, president/COO of McDonald's; and John C  Martin (businessman), chairman/CEO of Gilead Sciences, Inc In government and culture, Purdue alumni include Pulitzer Prize–winners Booth Tarkington and John T  McCutcheon, as well as Ginger Thompson, former New York Times reporter currently with ProPublica; Akinwumi Adesina, former Nigerian minister of Agriculture and Rural development and current President of the African Development Bank; Essam Sharaf, former Egyptian Prime Minister; Tom Moore, theater and television director; James Thomson, CEO of Rand Corporation; Brian Lamb, founder and CEO of C-SPAN; Harry G  Leslie, former Governor of Indiana; Kirk Fordice, former Governor of Mississippi; Earl Butz, former United States Secretary of Agriculture; Birch Bayh, former United States Senator; Herman Cain, 2012 Presidential candidate; David McKinley, current West Virginia Congressman; Sun Li-jen, former Kuomintang general; Rammohan Naidu Kinjarapu, Indian Parliament member; Dulquer Salmaan, Indian film actor; Blake Ragsdale Van Leer, former Georgia Tech president; Anthony W  Miller, former United States Deputy Secretary of Education; and Hugo F  Sonnenschein, former University of Chicago president  Richard O  Klemm, former CEO of Food Warming Equipment and Illinois state legislator, also graduated from Purdue University In sports, Purdue has produced basketball coach John Wooden; basketball Hall of Famers Stretch Murphy, Piggy Lambert, and Rick Mount; NBA Champions Paul Hoffman, Herm Gilliam, Frank Kendrick, Jerry Sichting, Glenn Robinson, and Brian Cardinal; and NBA All-Stars Glenn Robinson, Brad Miller, Terry Dischinger, and Joe Barry Carroll  Purdue has three NFL Super Bowl–winning quarterbacks in Drew Brees, Bob Griese, and Len Dawson  Additionally, a total of 19 Purdue alumni have been on a Super Bowl–winning team as of 2011  Purdue also produced Super Bowl IV winning coach Hank Stram  2008 Daytona 500 winner Ryan Newman graduated from Purdue with a bachelor's degree in vehicle structure engineering Three Purdue alumni have received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award of the United States: Neil Armstrong, Brian Lamb, and John Wooden The Dauch Alumni Center acts as a showcase for the university's alumni  The 67,000-square-foot (6,200 m2) center houses the offices of the Purdue Alumni Association and University Development  It is a destination and gathering area for the Purdue Alumni Association's 69,000 members and more than 410,000 living alumni 

Notes
Passage 7:
Joe West (umpire)
Joseph Henry West (born October 31, 1952), nicknamed "Cowboy Joe" or "Country Joe", is an American former baseball umpire  He worked in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1976 to 2021, umpiring an MLB-record 43 seasons and 5,460 games 
Born in Asheville, North Carolina, he grew up in Greenville and played football at East Carolina University (ECU) and Elon College  West entered the National League (NL) as an umpire in 1976; he joined the NL staff full-time in 1978  As a young umpire, he worked Nolan Ryan's fifth career no-hitter, was on the field for Willie McCovey's 500th home run, and was involved in a 1983 pushing incident with manager Joe Torre  West resigned during the 1999 Major League Umpires Association mass resignation but was rehired in 2002  He served as crew chief for the 2005 World Series and officiated in the 2009 World Baseball Classic  On May 25, 2021, West broke Bill Klem's all-time record by umpiring his 5,376th game 
West worked several no-hitters, including a 2012 perfect game by Félix Hernández  He officiated six World Series, three All-Star Games, ten League Championship Series (LCS), eight League Division Series (LDS) and four Wild Card Games  West was president of the Major League Baseball Umpires Association through 2018  As the organization's president, he helped negotiate the largest umpiring contract in baseball history  He works with a sporting goods company to design and patent umpiring equipment endorsed by MLB 

Early life
West was born in Asheville, North Carolina, in 1952  He grew up in Greenville, North Carolina, where he played youth baseball and football  He graduated from JH Rose High School in Greenville  West played safety on the first-year football team at East Carolina University (ECU) in 1970 and he was a quarterback for Elon College (now Elon University) from 1971 to 1973   He intended to play his college football career at ECU, but head coach Mike McGee resigned after his first year, prompting West's transfer While in college, West hoped to play both baseball and football  However, spring practice for football interfered with West's ability to be on the baseball team  He concentrated on football and umpired high school baseball games on the side  In his three seasons at Elon, West was the starting quarterback and the team won three conference championships  He was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) on the 1973 team that lost the NAIA Division I title game to Abilene Christian; the Abilene Christian team was led by future professional football players Clint Longley and Wilbert Montgomery  West left Elon holding three passing records that were not broken for 20 years and was inducted into the Elon Sports Hall of Fame in 1986 

Umpiring career
Early career
While umpiring locally as a college student, West met Carolina League umpire supervisor Malcolm Sykes, who recommended that West attend an umpire training school  West went to umpire school and graduated at the top of his class  He worked in several minor-league circuits (the Western Carolinas League, Puerto Rican League, Florida Instructional League, Southern League and American Association) before he was promoted to the major leagues  West made his first National League (NL) appearance in 1976 and joined the full-time NL staff in 1978 In his first season as a full-time MLB umpire, West umpired the game in which Willie McCovey hit his 500th career home run  In the same year, he was at first base when Pete Rose tied the NL record for most consecutive games with a hit, and he was the home plate umpire when Rose broke it the following day  In 1981, West worked first base for Nolan Ryan's fifth career no-hitter  On October 13, 1981, West was 28 when he became the youngest NL umpire to call an LCS  In 1983, West was suspended for three days and fined US$500 for shoving Atlanta Braves manager Joe Torre  The manager was angry at the end of a game and had followed West into the walkway outside the umpires' dressing room to argue with him  On appeal, NL President Chub Feeney reduced West's fine to $300  Torre also received a fine stemming from the incident  This was believed to be the first incident of an umpire being suspended during a baseball season in decades 

1986–2001
West made his second NLCS appearance in 1986  He umpired his first All-Star Game in 1987  On September 28, 1988, West was on the field when Orel Hershiser set the MLB record for consecutive scoreless innings pitched  West returned to the NLCS in 1988 and was the plate umpire when Dodgers pitcher Jay Howell was ejected for having pine tar on his glove During a 1990 on-field brawl between the Philadelphia Phillies and New York Mets, West attempted to break up the fight by throwing Phillies pitcher Dennis Cook to the ground  The matter ultimately was handled among West, NL President Bill White, then-Commissioner Fay Vincent, and the umpires' union  West said White supported his actions in the brawl, but White quickly issued a statement saying he had prohibited West from making further physical contact with players  White was reported to have nearly resigned due to a lack of support from Vincent, but the NL president remained in his post after receiving approval from league owners  West met more controversy the following year when Chicago Cubs outfielder Andre Dawson bumped him after a called third strike during a game at Wrigley Field  After Dawson was ejected from the game, he walked back to the dugout and tossed 14 bats onto the field  Chicago fans threw debris onto the field, causing a delay in the game  Dawson received a one-game suspension and a $1,000 fine  On his check to the league, Dawson wrote "donation for the blind" In 1992, West made his first World Series appearance when the Atlanta Braves faced the Toronto Blue Jays  West was behind the plate in the first World Series game played in Canada and ejected Braves manager Bobby Cox for throwing a helmet onto the field  In 1993, he appeared in the NLCS  He worked another no-hitter on April 8, 1994, when Kent Mercker shut down the Los Angeles Dodgers  The 1995 NLDS was West's first League Division Series  The following year West worked in the NLCS  He returned to the World Series in 1997 when the Cleveland Indians faced the Florida Marlins In 1999, West was among 22 MLB umpires who engaged in mass resignations during a labor dispute  The strategy backfired when MLB accepted the resignations instead of entering into further negotiations with the umpiring union  The union filed charges against MLB with the National Labor Relations Board, saying the mass resignation was "a concerted action protected by law"  After arbitration and appeals, MLB settled with the union  A few umpires received severance pay and were allowed to retire under the settlement, but MLB rehired West and several other umpires in 2002 

2002–2021
In the same year he returned to the field, West worked in the ALDS  He also umpired in the 2003 and 2004 ALCS  In game six of the latter series, West's crew ruled Yankees batter Alex Rodriguez out for interference after Rodriguez appeared to swat the ball out of the glove of opposing pitcher Bronson Arroyo on his way to first base  Fans threw debris on the field, Red Sox manager Terry Francona pulled his team off the field, and NYPD officers in riot gear took to the field to calm the crowd  West said fans actually applauded the umpires for the correct call when they came onto the field the following day  West's first All-Star Game and World Series appearances after his rehire came in 2005; that year he umpired in his second ALDS and his third World Series, serving as World Series crew chief 
West was the home plate umpire when rookie pitcher Clay Buchholz threw a no-hitter against the Baltimore Orioles on September 1, 2007, at Fenway Park; West called a curveball strike three for the final out  He worked his 4,000th career game on July 30, 2009, at Miller Park in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; he ejected Washington Nationals manager Jim Riggleman from the contest  That same year he appeared in the American League Division Series and the World Series  He was also elected president of the World Umpires Association (WUA)  West and the union's governing board negotiated the largest umpiring contract in the history of MLB  The contract ran from 2010 through the 2014 season  West designed the chest protector sold commercially as the West Vest, now marketed by Wilson Sporting Goods  He held patents on the West Vest in the US, Australia, Canada, and Japan  He also designed Wilson's high-end umpiring gear, the only umpiring equipment endorsed by MLB In 2010, West sparked controversy by criticizing the slow pace of the recently completed series between the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox, which he called "pathetic and embarrassing"  Red Sox manager Terry Francona referred to the remarks as "troubling," while Yankees closer Mariano Rivera remarked, "If he has places to go, let him do something else " Columnist Wallace Matthews defended West, saying the umpire was simply expressing what people had been thinking for a long time  West was not fined by MLB for his comments but was "admonished firmly," according to press reports  On May 26, 2010, West made two controversial balk calls on Mark Buehrle and consequently ejected White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén for arguing and Buehrle for throwing his glove which led to the Chicago announcer asserting that West was becoming a "joke to the umpiring profession" and was "in need of a suspension " On August 26, 2010, West was the plate umpire for Albert Pujols' 400th career home run On September 14, 2014, West ejected Jonathan Papelbon for the lewd act of adjusting his groin, resulting in a confrontation where West grabbed Papelbon's jersey  MLB subsequently suspended Papelbon for seven games for his lewd act and West for one game for initiating contact with Papelbon  West later claimed Papelbon had initiated first contact, but Major League Baseball determined that the video replay showed West was not correct, and that the contact was initiated by West 
West umpired in his second NLDS (and fifth LDS) in 2011  The next year West was the first base umpire for Félix Hernández's August 15 perfect game against the Tampa Bay Rays  He umpired another NLDS that year, then appeared in his fifth World Series  His career has spanned the tenure of baseball commissioners Bowie Kuhn, Peter Ueberroth, Bart Giamatti, Fay Vincent, Bud Selig, and Rob Manfred  The 2015 season was West's 38th in MLB, making him MLB's most senior umpire  Umpire Bruce Froemming, who was previously the most senior umpire, spent 37 seasons in MLB, retiring at the end of the 2007 season On August 9, 2017, West was suspended for three games after making inappropriate comments about Adrián Beltré  Beltre defended West, stating that he thought the suspension was unnecessary and that West had made the comments in jest In the bottom of the first inning of Game 4 of the 2018 ALCS, a deep drive and potential two-run homer to right field by Houston's José Altuve, which Boston's Mookie Betts nearly caught with a leaping grab at the wall, was ruled by West to be an out due to fan interference  West, the crew chief for the series, made the call from his right field position; the call stood after review by video replay  The call was widely discussed in coverage of the game and on social media such as Twitter On August 14, 2019, West umpired his 5,164th Major League Baseball game to move past Bruce Froemming for the second-most number of major league games officiated  Only Bill Klem, who umpired from 1905 to 1941, had called more games than West On October 22, 2019, West filed a defamation lawsuit in New York against Paul Lo Duca and Action Network over comments that the former New York Mets catcher made on a podcast in April 2019  On the podcast, Lo Duca recalled his teammate Billy Wagner telling him in 2006–2007, "Joe loves antique cars so every time he comes into town I lend him my '57 Chevy so he can drive it around so then he opens up the strike zone for me " In the complaint, West denied this and said he suffered unspecified damages as a result of Lo Duca's comments  West was later awarded $500,000 in damages On July 30, 2020, while umpiring the Washington Nationals–Toronto Blue Jays game, West was hit on the side of the head when Bo Bichette lost his bat  He left the game in the bottom of the first inning but returned in the top of the third as the third base umpire On May 25, 2021, West surpassed Bill Klem's major league record by umpiring his 5,376th career game, in a contest between the White Sox and Cardinals at Guaranteed Rate Field  West announced he would retire after the 2021 postseason; his final assignment was the 2021 National League Wild Card Game, where he was the home plate umpire On February 4, 2022, West officially retired 

Reception
West has been mentioned in several polls of MLB players  In 2006, the spring after he was crew chief in the World Series, a Sports Illustrated survey asked 470 MLB players to identify the best and worst umpires  West was identified as the best MLB umpire by 2 percent of those players, ranking him ninth on that list  With respect to the worst umpire, 6 percent of players in the survey selected West, ranking him fourth  A 2007 review of umpire strike zones by The Hardball Times determined that West "had the fewest number of extra balls and strikes," which the outlet asserted "is a sign of consistency "In a 2010 poll of 100 players, West ranked as the second-worst umpire in the league  In a 2011 players poll, 41 percent of players polled (the "overwhelming" plurality) named West the worst umpire; only 5 percent of players polled named him as best In a 2019 study by Boston University's Mark T  Williams, West was identified as the umpire during the 2018 season with the second-highest percentage of bad ball-and-strike calls when working behind home plate  Over West's last eleven years, he has averaged 21 incorrect calls a game, or 2 3 per inning 

Outside baseball
West is known outside umpiring as a singer-songwriter  His involvement in country music and his demeanor on the field have earned him the nickname "Cowboy Joe"  West has described his music as "two chords and the truth      It's simple  It tells a story " In 2009, West said of his musical pursuits, "I was lucky  You know, the dues you have to pay to get here as an umpire are long and tedious, but the music business, because I was already in the major leagues, kind of opened a lot of doors I normally wouldn't have been able to open "West has appeared at the Grand Ole Opry  He has performed with Mickey Gilley, Johnny Lee, and Merle Haggard  West served as a pallbearer for Boxcar Willie West released his first album, Blue Cowboy, in 1987  Blue Cowboy is an album of three original songs and five covers  Chuck Yarborough of the Cleveland Plain Dealer said, "Listening to the first excerpt of his "Blue Cowboy" made me balk—you'll pardon the expression—at listening to the second  But I did  And the third  And so on  And now? Well, if I'm Nashville, I run West outta the game " In a September 2012 review, music blog Long After Dark said, "Blue Cowboy easily ranks with Ron Artest and Carl Lewis as one of the worst albums that a sports figure has cut     ever  I can say that I managed to make it through the record, although it was not easy "He released Diamond Dreams in 2008  The album was a collaboration with Kent Goodson, pianist for country star George Jones  It tells baseball stories inspired by West's umpiring career  Goodson later said, "As I look back on how this CD came together, I realize that I am a musician and Joe is an umpire  But his love for music and my love for baseball bonded us in this project " Sportswriter Doug Miller said that the album was "a fun, humorous and often touching collection of spoken-word gems in which the listener gets a perfect sampling of the true personality of Cowboy Joe West" West has made one film appearance, playing a third base umpire in the 1988 comedy film The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! He also made a cameo appearance on the television crime drama The Oldest Rookie  An avid golfer, West appears on the Celebrity Players Tour 

Personal life
West has been married twice  After the death of his first wife, West remarried In 2012, West was diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, which is now in remission 

See also
List of Major League Baseball umpires
Context 3: Passage 1:
American Nerd
American Nerd: The Story of My People is a book by Benjamin Nugent  The book discusses the history and origin of the term "nerd", as well as what the term means in today's age  Some of the important topics discussed include the racial differences for the term "nerd", such as how race played into Urkel, a nerdy character played by Jaleel White on the TV series Family Matters 

Appearances
The book and the author were featured on Last Call with Carson Daly as well as The Sound of Young America on NPR 
Passage 2:
Steve Urkel
Steven Quincy Urkel is a fictional character on the American ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters, portrayed by Jaleel White  Although originally slated to be a one-time-only character on the show, he broke out to be its most popular character and gradually became its protagonist   Due to the Urkel character's off-putting characteristics and the way he would stir up events and underscore the plot or even move it along, he is considered a nuisance by the original protagonist's family, the Winslows, though they come to accept him over time 
The character is the epitome of a geek or nerd of the era, due to traits such as large, thick eyeglasses, flood pants held up by suspenders, multi-colored cardigan sweaters, saddle shoes, and a high-pitched voice  He professes love for his neighbor Laura Winslow, who is a character in the main family of the series, but this love of his is written as an accent on or trigger for events and crises and is therefore unrequited until the series' end 
Throughout the series, starting from Urkel's debut, he is central to many of its running gags, primarily property damage and/or personal injury resulting from of his inventions going awry or his outright clumsiness  He becomes known by viewers and characters alike for several catchphrases uttered after some humorous misfortune occurs, including "I've fallen and I can't get up!" "I don't have to take this  I'm going home " "Did I do that?" "Whoa, Mama!" and "Look what you did!" (on occasions when someone else caused the damage, though usually the accident was indirectly caused by Urkel) 

Character development
In syndication, Steve Urkel first appeared on the 4th episode of the first season, "Rachel's First Date" (as the show staff wanted to more naturally introduce him to audiences upon repeated viewings)  In the 12th episode of the first season, "Laura's First Date", he reappears as a nerdy young boy who takes Laura Winslow out on a date  Despite him being madly in love with her, Laura finds Steve grating and doesn't return his affection  
While initially intended to be a minor character, Urkel became very popular for his oddball antics, soon becoming a recurring character and joining the main cast, beginning with the season-two premiere "Rachel's Place" Family Matters co-creator Michael Warren named the character after his friend, writer, and director Steve Urkel  Due to the show and the character's tremendous popularity during the early 1990s, Erkel encountered difficulties using his own name; he received many prank phone calls from "Laura" asking for "Steve", and businesses found his name to be suspicious  Warren stated that had he known if the character would reappear for years, he would not have named him after his friend 

Portrayal
Steve Urkel embodies the stereotype of a socially inept intellectual who means well but often messes things up  Despite his intelligence, his actions often come across as clumsy and foolish  He is fiercely protective of and obsessed with his unrequited love, Laura Winslow, and this admiration extends to the rest of the Winslow family  However, Steve is comically clumsy and inept, and his attempts to help the Winslows often go awry  This puts him at odds with the family patriarch, Carl, who routinely throws Urkel out of his house  He has been shown to take responsibility for his own mistakes and reimburses the Winslows for the damages he's done  Steve is close to Harriette Winslow, who is delighted each time he comes over, much to Carl's chagrin 
Later episodes suggest that Steve's attachment to the Winslows stems from his bad relationship with his own family  Urkel often hints that most of his relatives, including his (never seen) parents, despise him and refuse to associate with him  This culminates in the two moving to Russia without him, whereupon he moves in with the Winslows  The show has also revealed that Steve has at least four relatives who care about him who are Uncle Ernie who owns a horse trailer; Uncle Cecil who, despite his gambling problems, visits the Urkel home to keep an eye on him; Aunt Oona from Altoona, (played by singer, Donna Summer), who is like a mother to him; and cousin Myrtle  In the series finale, Steve responds to Carl talking about how proud he is of his future son-in-law by saying "Thanks, Dad "
Urkel dresses unfashionably for someone his age (he is most commonly seen wearing suspenders, brightly colored shirts, and high water pants) and has a number of hobbies and interests, including polka dancing and accordion playing  His motor vehicle of choice is the small three-wheeled Isetta  Unlike his friends, he has little interest in popular culture and athletic endeavors, though he enjoys playing basketball, once attempting to join the school team  This has caused Myra to be attracted to Urkel himself due to them not being interested in pop culture  However, Steve has shown little interest in her mainly due to her stalker behavior 
While he is unpopular with his schoolmates, Urkel is a brilliant student and is on a first-name basis with his teachers  He is a genius inventor as well, and his fantastical but unreliable gadgets (including a transformation device and a time machine) are central to many Family Matters plots and gags 
Urkel also has an adept sense of lawbreaking that involves peer pressure  This was explored four times, mainly with Eddie, since he often has to learn his lesson the hard way when he finds himself in situations outside of his control 

Stefan Urquelle
During the season five episode "Dr  Urkel and Mr  Cool", in a takeoff on The Nutty Professor films, Urkel devises a plan to win Laura's heart: transforming his DNA using a serum, which suppresses his "nerd genes" and brings out his "cool" genes  This results in the alter ego known as Stefan Urquelle, played by Jaleel White in more casual attire  Initially, Laura is enamored with the smoother Stefan, but asks that he turn back into Steve when Stefan's self-centeredness makes itself apparent 
Steve improves the formula in the season five episode "Stefan Returns" to reduce its negative effects on his personality, and invents a "transformation chamber" allowing him to become Stefan at will  He would change into Stefan several times – even while dating Myra – but some circumstance would force Steve to turn into his normal self again  With his narcissistic tendencies toned down, Laura falls deeply in love with Steve's alter-ego 
In the seventh-season finale "Send in the Clones", Steve creates a cloning machine and winds up creating a perfect duplicate of himself  Myra is initially excited, but eventually realizes that two Steves are just too much  To clear up the situation, Laura proposes that one of the Steves be permanently turned into Stefan, so that she and Myra can both be with the one they love  This Stefan becomes a recurring character and eventually proposes to Laura in the ninth season  After weighing her choices in the episode "Pop Goes the Question", Laura chooses Steve over Stefan  Stefan leaves and does not appear again 

Cultural impact
In 2010, Westside Middle School in Memphis, Tennessee, outlined its dress code policy on sagging pants, asking students to pull them up or get "Urkeled", a reference to the character  In this practice, teachers would forcibly pull students' pants up and attach them to their waist using zip ties  Students would also have their photo taken and posted on a board in the hallway, for all of their classmates to view  In an interview with NBC affiliate WMC-TV, Principal Bobby White stated that the general idea is to fight pop culture with pop culture  One teacher at the school claimed to have "Urkeled" up to 80 students per week, although after five weeks the number dropped to 18 

Ratings effect
In syndication, Steve is incorporated into the teaser scene of "Rachel's First Date"; his first appearance in the original broadcasts is in the 1989 episode "Laura's First Date", in which Carl and Eddie separately set up dates for Laura for a dance or party (both terms are used in the episode), and the first thing known about him is that he allegedly ate a mouse, and he later makes reference to a mouse when speaking to Carl, implying that it might be true  Prior to Steve Urkel's introduction, the show was on the brink of cancellation due to mediocre ratings  After Urkel was introduced, several scripts had to be hastily rewritten to accommodate the character, while several first-season episodes that had been completed had new opening gag sequences filmed featuring Steve trying to push open the Winslows' front door while the family holds it shut  The addition of Steve immediately helped the show boost its modest ratings  White was credited as a guest star in the first season and became a regular member of the cast in season two  In the opening credits for Seasons 5-9, White was the only regular whose character's name appeared alongside his own during the opening credits (Season 9 did not have the same credit sequence showing all the actors, it simply listed their names across the bottom of the screen, but White was listed "as Steve Urkel" there as well) 
Jo Marie Payton, who played Harriette Winslow, admitted that she felt the Urkel character had hogged much of the show's attention and disrupted the close family relationship she had formed with the rest of the cast  Payton took particular umbrage when youngest sibling Judy Winslow was dismissed as a disposable character and her portrayer, Jaimee Foxworth, was fired to make room for more Urkel stories, because she felt particularly close to Foxworth as the baby of the cast  Payton experienced increasing burnout over the course of the show, became increasingly upset over the production staff allowing White free rein to misbehave, and felt that the overbearing focus on Urkel had made the show jump the shark; she very nearly quit when the show moved to CBS but agreed to stay for the first several episodes while a new actress, Judyann Elder, was cast as Harriet  In an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Payton recalled an instance where White insisted upon inserting something that would have violated Broadcast Standards and Practices, to the point where he and Payton nearly came to physical blows with each other  White is one of the few living members of the cast with whom Payton no longer speaks regularly  She nevertheless speaks well of her experiences and appreciates the effect that Urkel had on the show's popularity and thus the residuals everyone receives from the show  Reginald VelJohnson, in a 2022 interview with Entertainment Tonight, acknowledged that White could be difficult to work with on set but attributed the difficulties to White's young age and being surrounded by other teenagers, which VelJohnson (who himself never had children) found overwhelming  On the whole, VelJohnson had "nothing but good memories" of working with White 

The Urkel Dance
The Urkel Dance was a novelty dance that originated in the season two episode, "Life of the Party"  It was based around the character of Steve Urkel and essentially incorporated movements that made the dancer's posture more like his 
The dance was popular enough to appear on another show, Step by Step, when the Steve Urkel character appeared in a crossover in the season one episode, "The Dance" 
Jaleel White also performed the song, in character as Steve Urkel, on the 5th Annual American Comedy Awards  Bea Arthur (from Maude & The Golden Girls) joined him on stage to "Do The Urkel", after which she said, "Hey, MC Hammer, try and touch that!"A promotional cassette single of the song that accompanies the dance was produced and distributed in limited numbers  A T-shirt was also produced featuring lyrics and Urkel's likeness 
Rick Sanchez pays some form of homage to The Urkel Dance with "The Rick Dance" in the Rick and Morty episode "Ricksy Business" 

Appearances on other shows
Full House – In the 1991 episode, "Stephanie Gets Framed", Steve is called in to help Stephanie Tanner (Jodie Sweetin) deal with her anxieties after she has to get glasses  He was cousin to a friend of D J  He also jams with Uncle Jesse and gives Michelle a penny for her piggy bank, telling her that "with prevailing interest rates, that penny will be worth three cents by the turn of the century"  Incidentally, Family Matters did not air on the night of the episode's original airdate (January 25, 1991)  It is implied that he found himself in San Francisco in the Full House universe before paying a visit to the Lambert household from Step by Step 
Step by Step – In the series' second episode, "The Dance", Steve lands in the Lambert-Foster family's backyard after launching himself with a rocket pack from the living room of the Winslows' house in the Family Matters episode "Brain Over Brawn" (the two scenes being shown in uninterrupted sequence, as Family Matters and Step by Step aired back to back on ABC's TGIF lineup at the time)  He then helps his science-fair pen pal, Mark Foster (Christopher Castile), and lifts Alicia "Al" Lambert (Christine Lakin)'s spirits after her potential date dumps her just before a school dance  White reprises his "Do the Urkel" dance in the scene where Al gives the boy that dumped her his comeuppance  White also makes a brief two-second cameo as Steve in the 1997 episode "A Star Is Born", snapping a clapperboard on the set of the movie that Al was cast in over her two sisters 
In the Family Matters episode "Beauty and the Beast", Steve sends a chain letter to his friend Cory Matthews, who lived in Philadelphia  The reference is to Ben Savage's character from Boy Meets World, but there were no on-screen crossovers  In an episode of Boy Meets World, Cory says he receives a chain letter from his friend Steve 
Fuller House - In the Season 3 finale, Urkel was mentioned by D J   In a January 2018 interview with TVLine's Andy Swift, series creator and former show runner Jeff Franklin mentioned that they have talked about White reprising the role and that they had some ideas for the character if White decides to reprise the role (Franklin was dismissed from the show before this materialized, and Urkel never appeared in the series) 
Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? - White reprised his role on the animated series Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? in the episode "When Urkel- Bots Go Bad!"

Merchandise
At the height of his popularity, Urkel's name was branded to several products including a short-lived fruit flavored cereal known as Urkel-Os and a Steve Urkel pull string doll, which were both released in 1991  There was also a T-shirt line that was created in 2002, but was discontinued shortly after its inception In 2021 White launched his own cannabis brand that featured a strain called "Purple Urkel"  He reprised the role of Urkel in a skit with Snoop Dogg to promote the strain 

Reception
In 1999, TV Guide ranked Urkel #27 on its list of the "50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time"  In 2004, he was listed at #98 in Bravo's 100 Greatest TV Characters 


== Notes ==
Passage 3:
Family Matters
Family Matters is an American television sitcom that debuted on ABC on September 22, 1989, and ended on May 9, 1997  However it moved to CBS, where it was shown from September 19, 1997, to July 17, 1998  A spin-off of Perfect Strangers, the series revolves around the Winslow family, an African-American middle class family living in Chicago, Illinois  Midway through the first season, the show introduced the Winslows' nerdy neighbor Steve Urkel (Jaleel White), who was originally scripted to appear as a one-time character  However, he quickly became the show's breakout character (and eventually the main character), joining the main cast Running for nine seasons, Family Matters became the second-longest-running live action U S  sitcom with a predominantly African-American cast, behind only The Jeffersons (11 seasons)  It aired for 215 episodes, being ranked third, behind only Tyler Perry's House of Payne (280+ as of 2021), and The Jeffersons (253)  Family Matters was the last live-action scripted primetime show that debuted in the 1980s to leave the air; the only scripted show that started in the 1980s and lasted longer in continuous production was The Simpsons 

History
The series was a spinoff from the ABC sitcom Perfect Strangers; both shows aired Friday nights on ABC's primetime slot called "TGIF"  Jo Marie Payton played Harriette Winslow, the elevator operator at a newspaper where Larry Appleton and Balki Bartokomous also worked  Reginald VelJohnson, who was coming off of growing fame from his role in Die Hard, made an appearance on the show as Harriette's husband Carl Winslow, a Chicago police officer  ABC and the producers loved the character Harriette for her great morale and quick-witted humor and decided to create a show that would focus on her and her family, husband Carl, son Eddie, elder daughter Laura, and younger daughter Judy (who appeared until the character was retconned after season four as having not existed) In the pilot episode, "The Mama Who Came to Dinner", the family had also opened their home to Carl's street-wise mother, Estelle (Rosetta LeNoire), usually known as "Mother Winslow"  Prior to the start of the series, Harriette's sister, Rachel Crawford and her infant son, Richie, had moved into the Winslow household after the death of Rachel's husband  The Winslows' nerdy teenage next-door neighbor, Steve Urkel (Jaleel White), was introduced midway through the first season in the episode "Laura’s First Date" and quickly became the focus of the show The popular sitcom was a mainstay of ABC's TGIF lineup from 1989 until 1997, at which point it became part of the CBS Block Party lineup for its final season  Family Matters was produced by Bickley-Warren Productions (1991–1998) and Miller-Boyett Productions, in association with Lorimar Television (1989–1993) and later Warner Bros  Television (1993–1998)  As the show progressed, episodes began to center increasingly on Steve Urkel, and other original characters also played by White, including Steve's suave alter-ego, Stefan Urquelle (who is Jaleel White's real-life self), and his female cousin, Myrtle Urkel 

Network change
In early 1997, CBS picked up Family Matters and Step by Step in a $40 million deal to acquire the rights to the programs from ABC  ABC then promised to pay Miller-Boyett Productions $1 5 million per episode for a ninth and tenth season of Family Matters  However, tensions had risen between Miller-Boyett Productions and ABC's corporate parent, The Walt Disney Company (which had bought the network in 1996 as part of its merger with ABC's then-parent Capital Cities/ABC Inc )  Miller-Boyett thought that it would not be a big player on ABC after the network's recent purchase by Disney Miller-Boyett Productions agreed to a $40 million offer from CBS for a 22-episode season for both Family Matters and Step By Step  CBS scheduled Family Matters along with Meego and Step By Step as a part of its new Friday lineup, branded as the CBS Block Party  The network scheduled the family-oriented block against ABC's TGIF lineup, where the two series originated  Jo Marie Payton's contract had just expired and she was reluctant to continue, feeling the show had jumped the shark years prior  She agreed to stay to keep continuity but left midseason shortly after very nearly getting into a physical altercation with White in what would be her last regular episode; in that episode, White (playing a gangster instead of his usual Urkel) was attempting to insert material that violated Broadcast Standards and Practices  The resulting dispute between White and Payton escalated to the point where Darius McCrary had to separate the two  Payton would appear in only one more episode after that—a Christmas episode that also brought back several former characters from the ABC run who had been written out on CBS—before Judyann Elder took over as Harriette for the remainder of the season 
While Family Matters continued to lose viewership compared to previous years, it was initially a modest success on CBS, beating the show that replaced it, You Wish  Meego, however, was a ratings failure and was canceled after six weeks  Near the end of the ninth season, the cast was informed that a tenth and final season was planned, so scripts and plot synopses were written for the show  After the holiday special season, CBS replaced Meego with Kids Say the Darndest Things, and with that show's child-centered focus, it was placed in Family Matters' 8/7c time slot, with Family Matters pushed an hour later and paired with Step by Step  The ratings for Family Matters fell even further in this later slot, and the entire block except for Kids Say    was canceled in spring 1998, with the remaining episodes burned off in the summer,  On November 28, 2019 Bryton McClure who played the 2nd version of Richard "Richie" Crawford Sayed To OWN  "it was about time, relationships gone a little south and time to move on", on November 28th, 2020  TV One Did a Thanksgiving Marathon called Family Matters: Turkel 
Marathon, Michelle Thomas went to talk to fellow co-star Reginald VelJohnson that she was sick, and the rest of the main cast never said their goodbyes after 25 years of her passing

Cast
Episodes
Production notes
Family Matters was created by William Bickley and Michael Warren (who also wrote for, and were producers of, parent series Perfect Strangers) and developed by Thomas L  Miller and Robert L  Boyett (who also served as executive producers on Perfect Strangers); all four also served as executive producers of the series  The series was produced by Miller-Boyett Productions, in association with Lorimar Television who co-produced the show until 1993, when Warner Bros  Television absorbed Lorimar (a sister company under the co-ownership of Time Warner) 
Starting with season three, the series was also produced by Bickley-Warren Productions  The series was filmed in front of a live studio audience; the Lorimar-produced episodes were shot at Lorimar Studios (later Sony Pictures Studios) in Culver City, California, while the Warner Bros -produced episodes were filmed at Warner Bros  Studios in nearby Burbank 
The show's original theme was Louis Armstrong's "What a Wonderful World"; it was scrapped after the fifth episode of season one ("Straight A's"), though it was heard only in the pilot episode in syndicated reruns  The second theme, "As Days Go By", written by Jesse Frederick, Bennett Salvay and Scott Roeme and performed by Frederick, was the theme for the majority of the series until 1995  The sixth season's opening credits was last used in the season seven episodes "Talk's Cheap" and "Fa La La La Laagghh", the only two episodes during the final three seasons to feature the theme song (this was heard in season one episodes in ABC Family and syndicated airings)  A longer version of "As Days Go By" was used during the first three seasons, though in syndicated reruns the short version is heard (in ABC Family airings, the long theme was used for all of the episodes during the first three seasons) 
Family Matters is set in the same fictional universe as several other TV shows related to ABC's TGIF or CBS's Block Party  Before Family Matters, Harriette Winslow was originally the elevator operator at the Chicago Chronicle newspaper office in the third and fourth seasons of Perfect Strangers  Family Matters was a spin-off series given to this character in 1989  Characters from Family Matters appeared on other shows, including Full House, Boy Meets World, Step by Step and Meego 

Syndication
In September 1993, Warner Bros  Television Distribution began distributing Family Matters for broadcast in off-network syndication; most television stations stopped carrying the show by around 2002, though some stations in larger markets such as WTOG in Tampa, Florida continued to air Family Matters until as recently as 2005 and New York's WPIX as 2006  In 1995, reruns of the series began airing on TBS Superstation, where it ran until 2003  TBS would air two episodes of Family Matters each weekday afternoon from October 1995 to September 1999   From 1999 to 2003, TBS only aired the series once per weekday typically playing in the early mornings  The series would return to TBS 17 years later on February 3, 2020 and airs in the early morning time slots paired with George Lopez 
From 1997 to 2003, reruns of the series aired on WGN America  In 2003, ABC Family picked up the series and aired it for five years until February 29, 2008  From 2004 to 2006, UPN aired the show for 2 years  BET aired reruns briefly in December 2009 and began airing the series on a regular basis on March 1, 2013; the series returned to BET in mid-February 2023  MTV2 also began airing reruns on September 7, 2013  The show aired on Nick at Nite from June 29, 2008 to December 31, 2012  ABC Family and Nick at Nite airings cut the tag scenes at the end of all episodes, despite the fact that many episodes during the series have tag scenes during the closing credits  The series also currently airs on TV One since 2019  In Canada, the series also aired on CTV, CBC and currently airs on Family Channel 
On September 29, 2017, Family Matters became available for streaming on Hulu  In the UK it aired on Sky One whilst Perfect Strangers aired on BBC One 
Reruns of the series also started airing on Cartoon Network's ACME Night block on September 19, 2021 
On October 1, 2021, Family Matters began streaming on HBO Max after its streaming rights expired from Hulu, but has since returned to the Hulu platform 

International airings
In France, it aired as La Vie de famille (Family Life) as part of the show Club Dorothée on January 1, 1995 and on RTL9 (from August 28, 1995), France 2 & M6 (from June 1, 2000) 
In Italy, it aired as Otto sotto un tetto (Eight under one roof) on Canale 5, Italia 1 in 1992, with subsequent airings on Fox Retro & Sky Atlantic 

Home media
Warner Home Video has released the first four seasons of Family Matters on DVD in Region 1 while the remaining five seasons were released by the Warner Archive Collection  On February 4, 2014, Warner Home Video released season 4 on DVD, but consumers complained when it was found that the season 4 set contained syndication edits rather than the original broadcast masters  Warner Bros  responded to the complaints, offered a replacement program to receive corrected discs and reissuing the set with corrected broadcast copies on April 4, 2014  All episodes are the original broadcast form, except for the episode "Number One With a Bullet", disc 1, episode 6  The entire series is also available for digital download on Amazon com and the iTunes Store, all but season 6 remastered in both SD and HD 

Animated Christmas TV movie
On September 1, 2021, it was announced an animated Christmas film Did I Do That to the Holidays? A Steve Urkel Story would air on Cartoon Network as part of the block ACME Night in 2022  It was set to be released on HBO Max  However, on August 22, 2022, it was announced the film will not be moving forward on HBO Max and will be shopped elsewhere due to the Warner Bros  Discovery merger



ground_truth: West Lafayette, Indiana

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: The player who laid motionless for ten minutes in the Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident was born in which year ?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Too Many Cooks (TV series)
Too Many Cooks is a British cookery competition that aired on ITV from 1 November 2004 to 4 September 2005 and hosted by Kate Garraway for the first series and Jeni Barnett for the second series  The judges for the first series were Brian Turner and James Martin while the second series judges were Gino D'Acampo, Richard Phillips and Alex MacKay 

Format
Four teams of two people competitively cook for three judges  Each team is told what to cook and are given ten minutes to cook a starter, twenty minutes to cook a main course, and ten minutes to cook a pudding  A couple is eliminated after each course, leaving two teams to compete at the pudding stage 

Transmissions
External links
Too Many Cooks at UKGameshows com
Passage 2:
La cuisine en dix minutes
La cuisine en dix minutes, ou l'Adaptation au rhythme moderne (English title: French Cooking in Ten Minutes, or, Adapting to the Rhythm of Modern Life, also Cooking in Ten Minutes, or, Adapting to the Rhythm of Modern Life) by Édouard de Pomiane, published in 1930, was an early and influential title on the subject of convenience cooking  It attempted to render many of the basic techniques of classic French cooking into a quick form for people who did not have time to cook 
Compared to modern convenience cookbooks, almost everything is from scratch, though a good number of recipes call for canned vegetables (a modern cook might use frozen vegetables instead) as well as commercially available charcuterie products such as sausages and pâté  De Pomiane also adopts a rather tongue-in-cheek approach to writing and admonishes the reader to limit complexity and plan carefully 
The book has been translated into several languages  The first German translation appeared in 1935, the first English translation in 1948  The book is still popular, particularly in the English speaking part of the world  The latest English edition appeared in 2008, in 2010 the British Newspaper The Observer put it on rank 41 on its list of the 50 best cookbooks of all time 
Passage 3:
West Coast Express (ice hockey)
The West Coast Express was an ice hockey line that played for the National Hockey League's (NHL) Vancouver Canucks from 2002 to 2006  Named after Vancouver's commuter rail service, the line consisted of captain Markus Näslund at left-wing, Brendan Morrison at centre, and Todd Bertuzzi playing right-wing  The West Coast Express was a high scoring line that was considered to be one of the best lines in hockey during its tenure 
Each player was acquired by the Canucks through various trades  Once each member arrived in Vancouver it took two years before the line played together regularly  Once they did, they helped to set a Canucks franchise record for points in 2002–03 season (later surpassed), a season in which the West Coast Express accounted for 45% of the team's goal production  All three players recorded their most individually recognized and best statistical seasons while playing on the line  Despite regular season success, the Canucks were never able to advance past the second round of the playoffs during the West Coast Express years  The line was disbanded when Bertuzzi was traded to the Florida Panthers after the 2005–06 season  Both Morrison and Naslund played through the 2007–08 season with the Canucks before leaving the organization via free agency 

History
Player acquisitions
The Vancouver Canucks made the Stanley Cup Finals in 1994, but proceeded to regress as a franchise progressively finishing worse each season  As such they began attempting to add skill players to the line-up through trades  The Canucks made various deals to "move the program forward and in a different direction"  With the franchise moving in a new direction the first member of the West Coast Express line arrived in Vancouver on March 20, 1996, when left wing Markus Naslund was traded to the Canucks by the Pittsburgh Penguins for Alek Stojanov  Naslund struggled to start his Canucks career and during the 1997–98 season he requested to be traded  It was not until the 1998–99 season that Naslund emerged as an offensive leader with the Canucks, leading them in goals (36) and points (66) Todd Bertuzzi was the second member of the line to join the Canucks' franchise, when he was acquired by Vancouver via a trade during the 1997–98 season  The New York Islanders received former Canuck captain Trevor Linden in exchange for right winger Bertuzzi, defenceman Bryan McCabe and a third-round selection in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft (Jarkko Ruutu)  Bertuzzi began the 1998–99 season playing on a line with Mark Messier at centre and Alexander Mogilny on right wing  Bertuzzi played with the two until he suffered a fractured tibia, an injury that resulted in Naslund gaining increased ice time 
The final piece came to the Canucks on March 14, 2000, with the acquisition of Brendan Morrison  In an attempt to improve their team to make a Stanley Cup run, the New Jersey Devils traded Morrison and centre Denis Pederson for Mogilny at the National Hockey League's (NHL) trade deadline  Upon his arrival Morrison did not begin playing with Naslund and Bertuzzi nor did he begin his Canucks' career at centre, instead he began on the wing 

Express years
Although the three did not begin playing together immediately,  Bertuzzi and Naslund regularly played together on the top line with centres Mark Messier and Andrew Cassels  Starting with their arrival in 2000, head coach Marc Crawford often moved Bertuzzi to the second line to play with twin brothers Henrik and Daniel Sedin to complement their cycling game  Morrison spent time on the third line with agitator Matt Cooke  Morrison joined Naslund on the top line due to an injury to Cassels in early November of the 2001–02 season, the two were joined by Trent Klatt on right wing, with Bertuzzi playing on a line with the twins   During the game Bertuzzi joined Naslund and Morrison on a power play marking one of the first times the line was together  The Canucks won the game but the line did not remain together as Cassels returned from injury, Klatt was injured and Bertuzzi was returned to the second line  The first game the trio played together as a regular line was on January 9, 2002  In the game they registered two first period goals in a 5–4 loss to the Detroit Red Wings  Crawford liked the idea of having his two top scorers together, how Morrison worked with them on the power play, and felt Morrison could handle the demands of playing with two players who wanted the puck  In their second game together the line continued to its strong play as each member recorded two points in a 7–1 win over the Carolina Hurricanes  After being put together they were given the name West Coast Express, a reference to a commuter train of the same name that provides service along a 65 kilometres (40 mi)  route between Mission, British Columbia and Vancouver, British Columbia  By the end of the season each player set new career highs in points to that time in their careers  Naslund raised his point total by fifteen finishing the year as the league's second leading scorer up thirty-one spots from the previous season  Bertuzzi enjoyed the biggest point increase on the line adding thirty points and moving from eighty-first in league scoring to third  Vancouver finished the season as the eighth seed in the Western Conference  The West Coast Express totaled three goals and nine points in the playoffs before being eliminated in six games by the top seeded Detroit Red Wings  In the off-season, Naslund received NHL first team All-Star honours 
The 2002–03 season was the West Coast Express' best season, as each member of the line again increased their point total to career highs  Naslund finished the year with 48 goals and 104 points again ranking him second in the league in points and goals  The fourth highest point total in franchise history to that point in time  Bertuzzi recorded 46 goals and 97 points, his goal total ranked him third in the league in goal scoring  Morrison's 71 points remains a career high which he has not gotten within 11 points of since  During the year Naslund scored a career-high four goals in a 6–3 win over the Edmonton Oilers, tying a Canucks record for most goals in a single game  In the game Bertuzzi added a goal and two assist while Morrison notched two assists of his own giving the line nine points in the game  Later in the season the West Coast Express helped the Canucks go on a 14-game unbeaten streak highlighted by back to back blowout wins to close out the streak  In the 13 game of the streak, a 7–2 win over the Columbus Blue Jackets, the line registered 5 goals and 12 points  The following game the trio increased their output to 5 goals and 14 points  In the contest both Bertuzzi and Morrison registered two goals and two assists  Naslund scored a goal and added five assists for a career-high six point night  The Canucks finished the season with 104 points, a franchise record at the time  The West Coast Express accounted for 45% of the Canucks' 264 goals during the season   Finishing fourth in the Western Conference, the Canucks faced the St  Louis Blues in the playoffs  They fell behind St  Louis 3–1 in the series, but rallied back to force a game seven  In the deciding game, Naslund scored for the fourth consecutive game in the series and Morrison added the eventual game winner as the Canucks advanced to the second round  Facing off against the Minnesota Wild in game one of round two, the Canucks trailed late in the game  With just 8 7 seconds remaining, Bertuzzi won a critical face-off before Naslund took a shot that resulted in Cooke scoring on the rebound to force overtime, where the Canucks eventually ran out 4–3 winners  Vancouver took a 3–1 series lead before the Wild rallied to tie the series and force a game seven  The Canucks took a 2–0 lead in the game after Bertuzzi scored twice in the second period  Following his second goal, Bertuzzi skated by the Wild bench and said "Get your golf clubs out, boys, its over " The Canucks preceded to surrender four consecutive goals, losing the game 4–2 and eliminating them from the playoffs  It was the last playoff game the trio would play together  In the off season Bertuzzi and Naslund were named to the NHL first All-Star team  Additionally Naslund was awarded the Lester B  Pearson Award (since renamed the Ted Lindsay Award), given to the league's best player as voted by the NHL Players' Association 

End of the Express
The following season each member of the West Coast Express suffered a decline in performance  The trio were unable to complete the season as a unit due to injuries and suspension  On February 16, 2004, in a game against the Colorado Avalanche, Naslund received a "questionable hit" from the Avalanche's Steve Moore  Suffering a minor concussion from the hit and a hyper-extended elbow when he fell to the ice, he missed three games due to his injuries  While Moore was unpenalized for the hit, some Canucks players felt that it was a "cheap shot"  In the second rematch of the two teams after Moore's hit on Naslund, Vancouver allegedly put a "bounty" on Moore and were out to make him "pay a price"  Early in the game, Moore clashed with Cooke, but later refused to fight Bertuzzi, despite being taunted and followed around the ice   After being refused the fight, Bertuzzi punched Moore in the head from behind and slammed him into the ice  Bertuzzi was subsequently suspended indefinitely by the NHL, and the resulting injuries ended Moore's career and left him suffering from concussion symptoms over the following seven years  Despite the loss of Bertuzzi, the Canucks won the Northwest Division  In the opening round Vancouver faced their division rival Calgary Flames  In the series Vancouver fell behind three games to two  They took a 4–0 lead in game six before the Flames came back to tie the game and send it to overtime  The game remained tied into the third overtime when Morrison scored at the 2:28 mark to force game seven  In game seven the Canucks were again trailing late into the third period in the closing seconds Naslund went around Flames defenceman Jordan Leopold drove the net and put a shot on goal  Flames goaltender Miikka Kiprusoff, made the save but Cooke scored on the rebound with just 5 7 seconds remain to force overtime  The Canucks failed to capitalize on the change in momentum as the Flames' Martin Gelinas scored 1:25 into overtime eliminating Vancouver  Naslund recorded nine points in the seven-game series while Morrison chipped in five  During the off-season Naslund received the last of his individual NHL honors being named a First Team NHL All-Star once again Following the cancellation of the 2004–05 season due to a labor dispute, Bertuzzi was reinstated for the 2005–06 season  With the return of all three line mate and new rules designed to increase offensive chances the Canucks entered the year with high hopes  Despite this, Naslund and Morrison's point production again decreased from their last NHL season  Bertuzzi point total increased, however, he played in 13 more games than his previous season  The Canucks missed the playoffs for the first time in four years and the only time during the West Coast Express' tenure  During the off season, the line was officially dismantled when Bertuzzi was traded to the Florida Panthers, along with goaltender Alex Auld and defenceman Bryan Allen, in exchange for goaltender Roberto Luongo, defenceman Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round selection in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft (Sergei Shirokov)  Both Naslund and Morrison played two more years with the Canucks, often together (but not always), before signing as free agents with the New York Rangers and the  Anaheim Ducks respectively in the summer of 2008 

Legacy
During its time, the West Coast Express was widely considered one of the most dominant line combinations in the league  The mid-nineties witnessed the increased popularity of defensive schemes like the neutral zone trap which slowed the game, limiting scoring and offensive chances  The emphasis on defensive has been blamed for diminishing fan interest  When Naslund was traded to Vancouver in 1996 the Canucks often played in a half empty arena and there were rumors about the franchise moving  The line's offense first style helped to popularize the franchise  They began to sell out home games on a regular basis and started to have a following on the road  In the 2002–03 season the Canucks 264 goals was the highest total for the franchise in nine years  It remained unsurpassed by another Canucks team until the 2009–10 team, which featured the NHL's leading scorer, Henrik Sedin  The franchise record for points they set that same season stood for only two seasons until it was surpassed in 2006–07 season  During which Roberto Luongo set a franchise record for goaltender wins with 47, a single season win total that is also tied for second most all-time in NHL history 

Career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
Passage 4:
Steve Moore (ice hockey)
Steven Francis Moore (born September 22, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played in parts of three National Hockey League (NHL) seasons with the Colorado Avalanche 
Moore is widely known for suffering a career-ending injury as a result of an on-ice attack by then-Vancouver Canucks forward Todd Bertuzzi on March 8, 2004, as revenge for another incident involving Moore in a prior game between the teams that season  The fall-out from the event has contributed to a growing effort to curb gratuitous violence in hockey, and professional sports in general  To this day, Moore is still experiencing symptoms of the attack, including headaches 

Playing career
Steve Moore was drafted by the Colorado Avalanche in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft in the second round, the 53rd pick overall  Moore played in 69 games for the Avalanche from 2001 to 2004, scoring five goals and seven assists, all of which were scored in the later season, before being seriously injured by Todd Bertuzzi who at the time played for the Vancouver Canucks (see below)  At the time of the incident, the Avalanche were first overall in the NHL standings, and Moore was playing on the Avalanche's top line, on right wing, with linemates Joe Sakic (center), and Paul Kariya (left wing) 

The Bertuzzi incident
On February 16, 2004, during a Vancouver-Colorado game, Moore injured Canucks team captain Markus Näslund with a high hit while Näslund was reaching for a puck through centre ice  Moore contacted Näslund's head in the play  No penalty was called in connection with the hit, but Näslund suffered a concussion and a bone chip in his elbow as a result, and missed three games  After reviewing tapes of the hit, the NHL ruled that the hit was legal and did not fine or suspend Moore  Canucks head coach Marc Crawford and general manager Brian Burke publicly criticized the non-call by the referees on the incident 
During the next game between the Canucks and Avalanche held in Denver on March 3, 2004, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman and NHL executive vice-president Colin Campbell attended the game, which ended in a tie and saw no major incidents break out 
However, on March 8, 2004, during another rematch between the Avalanche and Canucks, things went differently  In the first period, Moore fought Vancouver player Matt Cooke in a fairly even brawl, and served the 5-minute penalty for fighting  The Avalanche would go on to build up a large lead of 8–2 in a fight-filled game  Shortly before the midway mark of the third period, Todd Bertuzzi was sent onto the ice  After failing to instigate Moore to fight, Bertuzzi skated after Moore, pulled him back by the jersey and punched him in the back of the head  As Moore fell unconscious to the ice, Bertuzzi's weight and momentum drove Moore's head into the ice   Moore's teammate Andrei Nikolishin and Bertuzzi's teammate Sean Pronger then piled on to Moore and Bertuzzi   Moore was knocked out and lay motionless for ten minutes before being carried off on a stretcher  The combination of the hit, fall, and piling-on had resulted in three fractured neck vertebrae, facial cuts and a concussion Bertuzzi was assessed a match penalty for his actions, which carries an automatic indefinite suspension under NHL rules   On March 11, 2004, the NHL announced Bertuzzi would remain suspended for at least the remainder of the Canucks' season, including any playoff games   The IIHF subsequently honoured the NHL suspension, preventing Bertuzzi from playing in any international tournaments or leagues during the 2004–05 NHL lockout, effectively leaving Bertuzzi professionally inactive for the entirety of the lockout season 
On August 22, 2004, Moore was released from a Denver-area hospital  He wore a neck brace for one year and then started physical therapy for his neck injury and concussion 
On February 17, 2005, Moore filed a civil lawsuit against Bertuzzi  Also named were Brad May (who was quoted as saying that there would  "definitely be a bounty on Moore's head" after the game), Brian Burke and the Canucks organization  The lawsuit was thrown out in October 2005, with the judge suggesting that the lawsuit be re-filed in Canada, where the incident took place  The lawsuit was re-filed in Canada, in February 2006 
On August 8, 2005, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman announced that Bertuzzi would be allowed to play again at the start of the 2005–06 NHL season  In the league's decision, they cited many reasons for ending the suspension, such as: 

Bertuzzi serving a suspension of 20 games, which at the time tied for 4th longest in NHL history (13 regular season games, 7 playoff games)
Bertuzzi's forfeited salary ($501,926 39 USD)
Significant uncertainty, anxiety, stress and emotional pain caused to Bertuzzi's family
The commissioner's belief that Bertuzzi was genuinely remorseful and apologetic for his actionsOn August 12, 2005, Brian Burke, formerly Vancouver's general manager who was now serving in the same capacity with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, had made an offer to Moore  It was a two-way contract that would have paid Moore $475,000 US in the NHL and $75,000 if the player suited up for Portland, the Ducks' American Hockey League affiliate  Moore's lawyer Tim Danson described the offer as a self-serving attempt by Burke (who was a defendant in the lawsuit) to mitigate potential legal damages, by attempting to suggest Moore was a minor league player  Further, Danson said that Moore would return to the Avalanche except that Moore was not medically cleared to play hockey, which Brian Burke was well aware of, and described it as adding insult to injury 
On August 15, 2005, Bertuzzi broke his 17-month-long silence by expressing a desire to move on with his life  "I'm sure just like Steve Moore and his family, it's been difficult for both parties  I know I wish that day never happened  It's been some tough times, but I've got good family and good friends and good peers in the league that have helped me get over the hump and move forward and come through it "On November 8, 2005, Moore's Toronto-based lawyer, Tim Danson, said that Moore was skating and doing regular workouts, but continued to suffer concussion-related symptoms   He continued working out for some years afterward, but had to abandon his comeback attempt when it became apparent he would never be medically cleared to return to the ice again 
In July 2012, former Avalanche enforcer Scott Parker, who had been a teammate of Moore's very briefly the season prior to the Bertuzzi incident in 2004, made some controversial comments  In an interview with milehighhockey com, Parker was quoted as saying "he (Moore) went to Harvard, you know what, blow me  College grad  I never went to college, but I can kick your ass  I'll bring you right down to my IQ level if you want  I'll hit you about four times in the skull, that'll bring you right down "

Civil lawsuit
On February 16, 2006, Moore filed a civil suit in the province of Ontario against Bertuzzi, the Canucks, and the parent company of the Canucks, Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment for the loss of his NHL career, in his Rookie Year  The lawsuit was seeking $15 million in pecuniary damages for loss of income, $1 million for aggravated damages, and $2 million for punitive damages  Moore's lawyer filed the suit one day before its two-year limitation expired, saying it was because Steve Moore did not want to file the suit and waited until the last minute while he tried to attain medical clearance to resume his career Bettman attempted to get Bertuzzi and Moore to agree on an out-of-court settlement in the Can$19,500,000 lawsuit filed by Moore   Bertuzzi offered $350,000 to settle the case, an amount which was called "an insult" by Moore's lawyer On March 28, 2008, Bertuzzi filed a lawsuit against Crawford, alleging that he was contractually obliged to obey Crawford and that therefore Crawford shares responsibility for the injury to Moore   In response, Crawford later stated that Bertuzzi acted in "direct disobedience" to orders from the bench to get off the ice before attacking Moore   On January 14, 2013, The Toronto Star reported that both Moore v  Bertuzzi, et al  and Bertuzzi v  Crawford would begin, after having been postponed several times, in April 2013  Both cases will be held in the Ontario Superior Court before a six-person jury On January 4, 2012, Bertuzzi dropped his third-party lawsuit against Crawford  In the month of October 2013, it was announced that the court date for Moore v  Bertuzzi, et al  will begin on September 8, 2014  On July 2, 2014, Moore's lawsuit was amended, seeking $68 million in damages, up from $38 million  On August 19, 2014, it was announced that an out-of-court settlement had been reached in Steve Moore's lawsuit  Terms of the settlement are confidential 

Personal
Steve Moore's older brother Mark, and younger brother, Dominic, all played four years at Harvard University  Because of their relative closeness in age, all three were able to play in the same year for Harvard during the 1999–2000 season  Dominic also went on to play in the NHL 

Career statistics
Awards and honors
See also
Notable families in the NHL
Violence in ice hockey
Passage 5:
Ten Minutes (The Get Up Kids song)
"Ten Minutes" is a song by the Get Up Kids  The single was released as part of the Sub Pop Records Singles Club  1300 pressings were black, with only 100 pressings of the single on clear vinyl  A re-recorded version of it appears on their album Something to Write Home About  On July 2, 2005 The Get Up Kids performed for the last time before their hiatus at the Uptown Theater in Kansas City, MO  "Ten Minutes" was the last song they played 

Track listing
Additional releases
"Ten Minutes" was released on the band's rarities and B-sides compilation Eudora and their live album Live! @ The Granada Theater 
"Anne Arbour" was released on the band's second EP, Red Letter Day and their rarities and B-sides compilation Eudora 
"Ten Minutes" was re-recorded for the band's second full-length studio album Something to Write Home About 

Personnel
Matt Pryor – vocals, guitar
Jim Suptic – vocals, guitar
Rob Pope – bass
Ryan Pope – drums
James Dewees – vocals, keyboard
Passage 6:
Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident
The Todd Bertuzzi–Steve Moore incident (also called the Steve Moore incident, the Todd Bertuzzi incident, and the Bertuzzi–Moore incident) happened during a National Hockey League (NHL) game between the Vancouver Canucks and the Colorado Avalanche at Vancouver's General Motors Place on March 8, 2004 
In the first period, Steve Moore of the Avalanche fought Matt Cooke of the Canucks and served a 5-minute major penalty for fighting  The Avalanche would go on to build up a large lead in a fight-filled game  Late in the third period, Todd Bertuzzi was sent onto the ice for Vancouver  After failing to instigate Moore to fight, Bertuzzi skated after Moore, grabbed his jersey and punched him in the back of the head, knocking him unconscious   Bertuzzi landed on top of him, driving Moore face first into the ice, and Moore's teammate Andrei Nikolishin and Bertuzzi's teammate Sean Pronger piled onto them  Moore was knocked out and lay motionless for ten minutes before being carried off on a stretcher  The combination of the hit, fall, and piling-on had resulted in three fractured neck vertebrae, facial cuts and a concussion  The incident ended Moore's professional hockey career, and resulted in criminal assault charges against Bertuzzi, and a civil lawsuit against Bertuzzi and the Canucks 
On August 19, 2014, it was reported the lawsuit ended with all parties agreeing to a confidential settlement 

Background and prelude
On February 16, 2004, during a game between Vancouver and Colorado, Avalanche center Steve Moore injured Canucks team captain Markus Näslund by hitting him hard in the head while Näslund was reaching for the puck ahead of him  Näslund, the league's leading scorer at the time, suffered a minor concussion and a bone chip in his elbow, knocking him out of the lineup for three games  Referee Dan Marouelli did not call a penalty, ruling the hit legal, a judgment shared by the league upon further review after the game Canucks head coach Marc Crawford publicly criticized the no-infraction call, claiming that Marouelli and his partner, Rob Martell, needed to show "respect" for the league's leading scorer  Vancouver president and general manager Brian Burke, the league's former chief disciplinarian, described the play as "a marginal player going after a superstar with a headhunting hit"   Several Canucks players were also vocal against Moore in the media  In particular, forward Brad May issued a "bounty" on Moore, while Bertuzzi called him a "piece of s**t " Näslund missed three games as a result of the hit and returned in time for the next game between the Canucks and Avalanche on March 3  With NHL commissioner Gary Bettman in attendance, the contest was played to a 5–5 tie without incident 

The incident
In a rematch five days later, the Canucks were more active in physically pursuing Moore  In one of four fights in the first period, Canucks forward Matt Cooke fought Moore six minutes into the game  At the first intermission, with the score already 5–0 for Colorado, NHL executive vice-president Colin Campbell and director of officiating Andy Van Hellemond placed a phone call to the two referees overseeing the game to discuss the potential for an escalation in physicality  With Colorado leading 8–2 midway through the third period, Bertuzzi began following Moore around the ice, attempting to provoke him into another fight  With Moore ignoring him, Bertuzzi grabbed Moore's jersey from behind and punched him in the back of the jaw, rendering Moore immediately unconscious  Moore's head hit the ice with Bertuzzi falling on top of his body  Several other players from both teams jumped atop Moore after he fell to the ice  A line brawl erupted, involving all remaining skaters except for the goaltenders on the ice  Canucks fans initially cheered at Bertuzzi's actions believing that Moore had it coming for what happened two games before, but as the fighting died down and it became apparent that Moore was seriously injured, the arena became silent After lying on the ice for approximately 10 minutes, Moore was removed from the playing surface on a stretcher  With eight minutes remaining in the third period and the outcome effectively decided, Avalanche general manager Pierre Lacroix reportedly asked referees to end the game  The contest was nonetheless played out with the Avalanche winning 9–2  Moore was taken to Vancouver General Hospital and later transferred to a Denver hospital, where he was treated for three fractured vertebrae in his neck, a grade-three concussion, vertebral ligament damage, stretching of the brachial plexus nerves, and facial lacerations  He was also suffering from amnesia Two days after the incident, Bertuzzi scheduled a press conference in which he wept and apologized to Moore and his family, as well as to Burke, Canucks owner John McCaw, Jr , the Canucks organization, his teammates, and the fans  He added, "For the kids that watch this game, I'm truly sorry  I don't play the game that way  And I'm not a mean-spirited person "

Reactions and disciplinary actions
NHL
Bertuzzi was assessed a match penalty and ejected from the game   Per league rules, he was also suspended indefinitely pending a ruling from Bettman  On the morning of his apology, he attended a disciplinary hearing with NHL officials in Toronto, along with his agent, Pat Morris, and Brian Burke  The following day, on March 11, 2004, the league ruled he would remain suspended for at least the remainder of the Canucks' season, which ultimately cost him the final 13 games of the regular season plus seven playoff games  The Canucks were additionally fined $250,000  While the following NHL season was suspended due to the 2004–05 lockout, many players went overseas to play in Europe  Upon learning that Bertuzzi was intending to do the same, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) extended his NHL suspension to cover their jurisdiction  He did, however, participate with other NHL players in a December 2004 charity game, held in Vancouver  The game was organized by Brad May in partnership with the Vancouver Giants, a junior club in the Western Hockey League (WHL), and raised funds for Canuck Place, a Vancouver children's hospice sponsored by the Canucks  Bertuzzi received a standing ovation from the sellout crowd Though the NHL lockout had not yet been resolved between the league and the players, Bettman scheduled a reinstatement hearing for Bertuzzi on April 26, 2005  The hearing was attended separately by Bertuzzi and Moore  After the lockout officially ended and the NHL was set to resume play for the 2005–06 season, Bettman announced Bertuzzi's reinstatement on August 8, citing that "Mr  Bertuzzi ha[d] paid a very significant price for his conduct," adding that he felt Bertuzzi was "genuinely remorseful and apologetic " Bertuzzi's 17-month suspension caused him to miss a total of 20 games—the fourth-longest suspension in NHL history at the time  The suspension accounted for $501,926 39 in forfeited salary, as well as an approximate $350,000 in lost endorsements  Bettman also cited "uncertainty, anxiety, stress and emotional pain for the Bertuzzi family" resulting from the suspension as a reason for his reinstatement 

IIHF
Releasing a statement on December 17, 2004, the IIHF described Bertuzzi's actions as "an extremely serious violation of the rules" which put "the sport into disrepute " The decision was based on an IIHF statute which allows it to ban any player from playing internationally if he has been deemed "detrimental to the best interest" of hockey  Suspended by both the NHL and IIHF, Bertuzzi remained professionally inactive during the 2004–05 season   The IIHF's sanction also kept him from representing Canada in the 2004 and 2005 World Championships, as well as the 2004 World Cup On the day of his reinstatement, Team Canada's executive director, Wayne Gretzky, offered Bertuzzi a spot on the national team's summer orientation camp in preparation for the 2006 Winter Olympics  A week later, Bertuzzi broke his 17-month-long public silence by again admitting to his mistake and expressing a desire to move on with his life  He stated, "I'm sure just like Steve Moore and his family, it's been difficult for both parties  I know I wish that day never happened  It's been some tough times, but I've got good family and good friends and good peers in the league that have helped me get over the hump and move forward and come through it "

Legal action and lawsuits
Original 2005 - 2008 lawsuit
Beyond his NHL and IIHF suspensions, legal action was taken against Bertuzzi in the provincial courts of British Columbia and Ontario, as well as in  Colorado state court  After a four-month investigation, the criminal justice branch of the Attorney General of British Columbia announced on June 24, 2004, he was being formally charged with assault causing bodily harm  With the charge, Bertuzzi faced up to one-and-a-half years in prison  Several months later, on December 22, Bertuzzi pleaded guilty to the assault charge after arranging a plea bargain with prosecutors  He was given a conditional discharge requiring 80 hours of community service and one year's probation that additionally prohibited him from playing in any hockey game Moore was competing in  Under Canadian law, Bertuzzi's successful completion of his probationary period precluded him from having a criminal record  Moore expressed disappointment regarding Bertuzzi's discharge and was upset that he was unable to attend the court date, having to issue a written victim statement instead  Moore's lawyer, Tim Danson, was given one day's notice of the court date following Bertuzzi's plea bargain, which he said was insufficient time for Moore to travel to Vancouver On February 17, 2005, Moore filed a lawsuit in a Colorado court against Bertuzzi  Also named in the lawsuit were numerous individuals within the Canucks organization, including Brad May (Bertuzzi's teammate at the time who was quoted as saying that there would "definitely be a price on Moore's head" after Moore's hit on Näslund), Brian Burke, Marc Crawford, as well as the Canucks organization as a whole and the Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment company that owned the team  The lawsuit was thrown out in October 2005, as the Colorado judge ruled the case was better suited for Canadian courts, as Moore and all the defendants were Canadian citizens  Planning to appeal the decision, Danson stated publicly the following month that Moore had begun skating and doing regular workouts, but continued to suffer concussion-related symptoms 
On February 16, 2006, the day of Bertuzzi's first Olympic game with Team Canada, Moore filed another lawsuit in the Ontario Superior Court against Bertuzzi, the Canucks, and Orca Bay, seeking CAD$15 million in pecuniary damages for loss of income, CAD$1 million for aggravated damages, and CAD$2 million for punitive damages  Moore's parents, who were watching their son on television when the attack happened, also sued, seeking CAD$1 5 million for "negligent infliction of nervous shock and mental distress"   Moore's lawyer filed the suit one day before its two-year limitation expired, denying there was any connection between the timing and Bertuzzi's participation in the 2006 Winter Olympics In December 2006, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman and top lieutenant Bill Daly facilitated a meeting between Moore's representatives and the defendants in hopes of agreeing on an out-of-court settlement  As court proceedings continued into the next year, Danson misfiled a confidential letter to Bertuzzi's lawyer, Geoffrey Adair, as a public document  The letter revealed that in July 2006, Adair asked Danson in a meeting whether Moore would accept a CAD$1 million settlement; Danson indicated that the figure was insufficient  The letter also revealed that Bertuzzi and Orca Bay subsequently offered a joint settlement of CAD$350,000 in the December 2006 meeting with Bettman several months later, an amount Danson described as insulting 
During the lawsuit's discovery process, Danson asked the Ontario judge to void the formal transfer of Bertuzzi's CAD$1 2 million home in Kitchener, Ontario, to his wife, which occurred five weeks after his actions against Moore  It was argued that the transfer was intended to "make Bertuzzi creditor-proof to the greatest extent possible " Meanwhile, Adair expressed his concern regarding the leaked letter between him and Danson impairing the possibility of a fair trial  In December 2007, Moore further amended the lawsuit, seeking an increased CAD$35 million for loss of income and CAD$3 5 million for the suffering of his parents That same month, the Ontario Superior Court released statements pertaining to the lawsuit in which Bertuzzi testified that Crawford was to blame for his actions against Moore, an allegation corroborated by new Canucks general manager Dave Nonis, who was then director of hockey operations for the club  Bertuzzi claimed that Crawford told players during the second intermission of the March 8 game that Moore needed to "pay the price" for his earlier hit against Näslund  Statements filed from Danson further claimed that Crawford had pointed to Moore's name and number on a board in the Canucks' dressing room during the intermission, calling for the players to take action  The Canucks formally denied both parties' claims, saying "At no time did the Vancouver Canucks organization or any of its management and employees, including former coach Mr  Crawford, encourage or promote the incident that occurred between Todd Bertuzzi and Steve Moore "In lieu of the allegations against Crawford, Bertuzzi filed a third-party complaint against his former coach on March 3, 2008  He alleged that he was contractually obliged to obey Crawford and that the coach should be held personally liable for any legal damages Moore might be awarded in court  In response, Crawford formally stated that Bertuzzi acted in "direct disobedience" to orders from the bench to get off the ice before attacking Moore  The suit was settled between the two in July 2011, though details regarding the agreement were kept undisclosed to Danson and Moore  The following year, a court decision required the settlement details to be revealed as part of the Moore-Bertuzzi trial 

2011 lawsuit
Five years after filing the Ontario suit, Danson told reporters in March 2011 that in order to fully gauge the extent of Moore's injury, the case had not yet proceeded  At the time, he was not yet employed and still experiencing headaches  After several delays, in October 2013 it was announced that the court date for the trial between Steve Moore and the Canucks/Bertuzzi will be September 8, 2014  On July 2, 2014, during Steve Moore's first appearance at his civil trial, he further amended the lawsuit, seeking CAD$68 million in damages, up from CAD$38 million  On August 19, 2014, it was announced that an out-of-court settlement had been reached in Steve Moore's lawsuit  Terms of the settlement are confidential 

Aftermath
On August 8, 2005, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman announced that Bertuzzi would be allowed to play again at the start of the 2005–06 NHL season  In the league's decision, he cited many reasons for ending the suspension, such as:

Bertuzzi's serving a suspension of 20 games, which at the time tied for 4th longest in NHL history (13 regular season games, 7 playoff games)
Bertuzzi's repeated attempts to apologize to Moore personally
Bertuzzi's forfeited salary ($501,926 39 USD)
Lost endorsements (approximately $350,000 00, both figures in United States dollars)
Significant uncertainty, anxiety, stress and emotional pain caused to Bertuzzi's family
The commissioner's belief that Bertuzzi was genuinely remorseful and apologetic for his actionsOn August 12, 2005, Brian Burke, formerly Vancouver's general manager who was now serving in the same capacity with the Anaheim Ducks, had made an offer to Moore  It was a two-way contract that would have paid Moore $475,000 US in the NHL and $75,000 if the player suited up for Portland, the Ducks' American Hockey League affiliate  Moore's lawyer Tim Danson objected that Moore was considered a minor league player by Burke  Danson also described the offer as a self-serving attempt to mitigate potential legal damages, saying that Moore was not medically cleared to play hockey and describing it as adding insult to injury 
Bertuzzi was inactive in 2004–05 due to the players lockout and his ongoing suspension, which had been extended internationally  Bertuzzi returned to the Canucks in 2005–06, as the league ended his playing ban  He recorded 25 goals and 71 points, including two hat tricks (November 13, 2005, against the Detroit Red Wings and January 14, 2006, against the New York Islanders)  Though he ranked third in team scoring, Crawford has recalled that by the end of the season, Näslund and Bertuzzi had been eclipsed by Daniel and Henrik Sedin as the team's offensive leaders  Moore continued working out for several years afterward, but ultimately abandoned his comeback efforts when it became apparent he would never be medically cleared to play again 
There was speculation that the effects of the Steve Moore incident were negatively affecting Bertuzzi's play  While on the road, he was consistently heckled and booed by fans throughout the NHL  Näslund, a close friend of Bertuzzi's, later expressed sympathy for him, saying in a 2008 interview, "It still bothers me what Todd has had to go through     There's no question he was standing up for me     it all went too far "Beyond the negative impact on Bertuzzi's individual play, the media speculated that the fallout from the Moore incident had become a distraction to the organization as a whole  Compounding the situation in Vancouver, the Canucks had missed the playoffs for the first time in four years  As such, general manager Dave Nonis spent the off-season making significant changes to the Canucks lineup  On June 23, 2006, he traded Bertuzzi to the Florida Panthers, along with goaltender Alex Auld and defenceman Bryan Allen, in exchange for goaltender Roberto Luongo, defenceman Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round selection in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft (Sergei Shirokov)  After seven-and-a-half seasons with the Canucks, Bertuzzi left the club ranked seventh all-time among franchise scoring leaders with 449 points 

See also
Richard Riot
Donald Brashear - Marty McSorley incident
Violence in ice hockey
Passage 7:
Alpha and Omega (film)
Alpha and Omega is a 2010 American computer-animated film directed by Anthony Bell and Ben Gluck  Starring the voices of Justin Long, Hayden Panettiere, Dennis Hopper, Danny Glover and Christina Ricci, the film was written by Christopher Denk and Steve Moore, based on a story by Moore and Gluck  This film sets around two young Rocky Mountain wolves named Kate and Humphrey who fall in love with each other, but are on the opposite ends of their pack  However, when Kate and Humphrey learn that they got relocated to Idaho for repopulation, they must work together to get back to Jasper National Park before a war slowly begins to emerge between both packs 
The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2010, and was released nationwide in 2-D and 3-D on September 17, 2010, by Lionsgate Films  The film was dedicated to the memory of Dennis Hopper, as he died from prostate cancer four months before it was released, and this was his final performance prior to his death 
Although it received negative reviews, the film eventually turned into a franchise of direct-to-video sequels including Alpha and Omega 2: A Howl-iday Adventure, which was released on October 8, 2013  Another sequel, The Great Wolf Games, was released on March 25, 2014  The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave was released on September 23, 2014  Family Vacation was released to DVD on August 4, 2015  Dino Digs was released on DVD and Digital HD on May 10, 2016  It was followed by The Big Fur-eeze, which was released on November 8, 2016  The eighth and final installment, Journey To Bear Kingdom was released on DVD and Digital HD on May 9, 2017 

Plot
In Alberta, Canada’s Jasper National Park, Omega wolf Humphrey and his Omega friends attempt to log board down a hill  However, the plan goes entirely wrong as they try to maneuver the log down the mountain  Meanwhile, Alpha wolf Kate practices her hunting skills on her younger Omega sister, Lilly, much to her annoyance  Humphrey and Kate join each other mid air, excited to see each other again  However, Humphrey begins to feel nauseated by their spinning, and the two fall onto the ground  As Humphrey tries to join Kate, Winston, leader of the Western pack and Kate’s father, stops Humphrey in pursuing her  He reminds Humphrey that Alphas and Omegas cannot mate according to pack law, and that Kate is going off to Alpha school until Spring  Humphrey looks on, saddened by her departure  
Spring time comes around, and both Kate and Humphrey mature  Humphrey and his friends seem to master the ways of log boarding, but their fun stops short when they crash into a rock  They then see Kate on her first ever hunt, pursuing a herd of caribou  As Kate and her team close in on the caribou, they are interrupted by a group of two enemy Eastern pack wolves, which causes a stampede  As Kate saves the two Eastern wolves from getting trampled, the Western pack wolves start a fight  Humphrey and his friends then break up the conflict  Later that night, Winston meets up with Eastern pack leader Tony, as they discuss the pack’s food shortage  The two then agree that merging the packs together would end their conflict, and decide that Kate should marry Tony’s Alpha son, Garth  Kate, overhearing their conversation, agrees for the good of the pack 
During the Moonlight Howl (the howling between wolves), Kate and Garth finally meet  Garth tries to show off his howl, but Kate is unimpressed and excuses herself  She then runs into Humphrey, but the two get tranquilized by park rangers and are taken to Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Idaho  The two meet golfing goose Marcel and his duck caddie Paddy  Kate and Humphrey learn that they were relocated to repopulate the species, and agree that they must return home to Jasper Park before the two packs start a war  As the packs discover that Kate has gone missing, Tony warns Winston that if Kate doesn’t return, war will be inevitable  Lilly decides to show Garth around the Western pack’s territory until Kate returns, and the two fall in love 
As Kate and Humphrey catch a ride on an RV, Humphrey has to urinate and gets out while the vehicle pulls over at a nearby gas station  He then finds a cupcake and eats it, as the frosting covers his mouth  Two men mistake him for a wolf with rabies, and they attempt to shoot Humphrey with a gun  Kate then leaps out to save him, and the two flee  Kate, disappointed that they missed their ride home, leaves Humphrey out in the rain  Now traveling alone in the storm, Kate comes across a dangerous ravine, which has begun to flood  As Kate tries to cross it, she slips, and Humphrey comes to her rescue  Flattered by his bravery, Kate begins to admire Humphrey  The following day, Marcel and Paddy find the wolves and direct them to a train heading to Jasper Park  Climbing over the snowy mountain, Humphrey finds a grizzly bear cub, and the two play as Kate goes to scout a head  As Humphrey throws snow at the cub, the cub begins to cry, which attracts an angry trio of grizzly bears  As the wolves slide off the side of the mountain, Humphrey and Kate ride on a log and manage to board the train 
As the two joke about their encounter with the bears, Kate and Humphrey begin to bond even closer  Back at home, Lilly compassionately teaches Garth how to howl  At the same time, Humphrey gazes at the full moon and begins to howl, urging Kate to howl with him  Although it is against pack law for an Alpha to howl with an Omega, both couples begin to howl, falling in love  As Lilly and Garth finish their howling, Tony catches them, and ultimately declares war on the Western pack  As the train passes by Jasper, Kate and Humphrey’s exchange of feelings is cut short by the sight of the two packs at war  As they return, Kate announces that she will still marry Garth to unite the packs  The day of the wedding, a distraught Humphrey bids farewell to Kate, and decides to leave as a lone wolf, much to Kate’s disappointment 
During the ceremony, Kate backs out and declares her love for Humphrey, as Garth subsequently declares his love for Lilly  Tony, enraged, declares war on the Western pack, and a large fight ensues  Their brawl is cut short by an oncoming stampede of caribou alerted by the battle, and Winston and Tony get stuck between it  Humphrey, who had chosen to stay behind, and Kate cross paths, and work together by log boarding down the mountain to save them  They succeed, but Kate gets struck by the caribou in the process  As the stampede subsides, Humphrey tries to wake up Kate to no avail  Devastated, Humphrey begins to howl, causing everyone to howl with him  Kate then awakens to everyone’s joy, and she and Humphrey confess their love for each other, as Garth and Lilly confess theirs  Winston and Tony abolish the law against mating between Alphas and Omegas, and accept a union of the two packs via marriages between Garth and Lilly, and Kate and Humphrey 
At the Moonlight Howl, the wolves celebrate the Union of The Two Packs  The movie ends with the newly wedded Humphrey and Kate howling a duet 

Voice cast
Production
Pre-production and post-production took place in Los Angeles, with key animation produced by Crest Animation Productions in India and the script was written in Toronto, Ontario, Canada  Steve Moore originally intended for the story to be more mature, but Lionsgate wanted the film to be aimed towards children, so the original draft of the script was rewritten 

Reception
Alpha and Omega took in $2,288,773 on its opening day, and $9,106,906 on its opening weekend domestically, reaching fifth place at the box office  The film ended its run on December 2, 2010 after grossing $25 million domestically and $25 million in other territories  It held the title for the highest-grossing animated film released by Lionsgate until 2017, when it was dethroned by My Little Pony: The Movie 

Alpha and Omega holds an approval rating of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 57 reviews; the site's consensus is: "With bland visuals and a dull, predictable plot, Alpha and Omega is a runt in 2010's animated litter " At Metacritic, the film has a score of 36 out of 100 based on reviews from 15 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable" reviews  
Andrew Barker of Variety gave the film a mixed review, writing: "Not without charm, Lionsgate's 3D animated pic is agreeably unambitious "
Sheri Linden of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "Abounding in dumb jokes that kids are bound to like but sometimes too scary for very young viewers, the movie -- also going out in 2D -- takes too long to find its footing and at best is proficient, not exhilarating "
Bernie Van De Yacht was nominated for an Artios Award for Outstanding Achievement in Casting 

Marketing
Books
Three books on Alpha and Omega have been published by Finbar and Mindy:

Kate and Humphrey's Big Adventure/All about Wolves by Rebecca McCarthy
Alpha and Omega: Marcel and Paddy Save the Day by Tori Kosara
Alpha and Omega: The Junior Novel by Aaron S  Rosenberg

Video game
Published by Storm City Games, a video game adaptation called Alpha and Omega, based on the first film in the franchise of the same name, was exclusively released for the Nintendo DS on September 14, 2010 and was available in North America and Europe, although certain copies have been imported in other countries  It was panned for its poor graphics, bad controls, repetitive mini-games and lack of story 

Toys
McDonald's released a line of eight toys for the film's release in the United Kingdom 

Release
Home media
Alpha and Omega was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on January 11, 2011, which included a coupon for Great Wolf Resorts 

Sequels
A number of direct-to-video sequels to Alpha and Omega have been produced with none of the original cast reprising their roles  Justin Long is replaced by Benjamin Diskin for Humphrey and Hayden Panettiere and Christina Ricci are replaced by Kate Higgins for both Kate and Lilly 
The first sequel, Alpha and Omega 2: A Howl-iday Adventure, was released on October 8, 2013  The film revolves around the disappearance of Runt, one of Kate and Humphrey's pups in the sequel  DVD Talk stated that Alpha and Omega 2 was "so thin and uninteresting, and so lacking in holiday spirit, that you're not going to be pulling this one out each year when the holidays roll around" and that the film's price combined with its film length made other film choices "even more attractive " Common Sense Media gave the film a 1 out of 5 stars and wrote that the "Faux holiday-themed sequel is weak and forgettable "Alpha and Omega 3: The Great Wolf Games, based on the Winter Olympics and directed by Richard Rich, was released on iTunes on March 4, 2014, and it was later released on March 25, 2014 as a Walmart Exclusive  Common Sense Media gave Alpha and Omega 3 a mixed review, with three out of five stars, writing that the "mildly amusing sports-themed sequel is fun for young kids " The film was released shortly after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, on which it is based 
Alpha and Omega: The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave was produced by Crest Animation Productions and distributed by Lionsgate Films  Written by Tom Kane and directed by Richard Rich, it is the fourth film in the franchise  The film was released to iTunes on September 23, 2014 and was released to DVD on October 7, 2014  The plot involves Runt exploring the Saw Tooth Cave and finding a wolf who has been driven from her pack for being different  He must help her and he learns about the joys of lending a paw to a friend in need  The trailer for Alpha and Omega: The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave was released on July 21, 2014  The film was officially announced in the DVD features of Alpha and Omega 2: A Howl-iday Adventure, along with The Great Wolf Games, with director Richard Rich showing two short clips from the storyboards of both films  Common Sense Media gave the film 3 out of 5, stating "Entertaining wolf sequel has peril and some scares" The fifth film in the franchise, Alpha and Omega: Family Vacation, aired on TV in Mexico on March 28 and was released to DVD on August 4, 2015  It is written by Tom Kane and directed by Richard Rich  It aired in Mexico on March 28, 2015 before having its DVD premiere on August 4  The plot involves Kate, Humphrey, and the pups attempting to have a vacation together, but must flee from human wolf trappers in the process, and recaps the events as flashback scenes from past movies even the first film except for one alteration scene of the first film  Common Sense Media gave the film a rating of 3 out of 5 stars, stating "Adorable wolves take on trappers; some peril, suspense "On April 8, 2015, three more sequels were announced for Lionsgate to distribute, the first of which was released in early 2016, and followed the "misadventures of Alpha Kate and Omega Humphrey and their three wolf pups, Stinky, Claudette and Runt, as they learn life lessons in the great outdoors" On October 6, 2015, on Splash Entertainment's website, they have revealed the next sequel titled Alpha and Omega: The Big Fureeze along with sneak preview clips of the film, which was released in 2016  The other two sequel titles have also been revealed as, in order, Alpha and Omega: Dino Digs and Alpha and Omega: Journey to Bear Kingdom Alpha and Omega: Dino Digs was released on DVD and Digital HD on May 10, 2016  Alpha and Omega: The Big Fureeze was released on DVD and Digital HD on November 8, 2016  Alpha and Omega: Journey to Bear Kingdom was released on May 9, 2017 
Passage 8:
Ten Minutes Older
Ten Minutes Older is a 2002 film project consisting of two compilation feature films titled The Trumpet and The Cello  The project was conceived by the producer Nicolas McClintock as a reflection on the theme of time at the turn of the Millennium  Fifteen celebrated filmmakers were invited to create their own vision of what time means in ten minutes of film  The music for the compilations was composed by Paul Englishby, and performed by Hugh Masekela (trumpet) and Claudio Bohorques (cello) 
The Trumpet was first screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival  The Cello was premiered in the official Venice Film Festival 2002  Both films released internationally The two films are dedicated to Herz Frank and Juris Podnieks (Camera) who made the 1978 short film, Ten Minutes Older  The original film and the feature film have been shown together on numerous occasions, including the Yamagata Film Festival in 2004, and the Spanish documentary film festival Punto de Vista in 2006 

Ten Minutes Older: The Trumpet
Directed by:

Aki Kaurismäki (segment "Dogs Have No Hell")
Víctor Erice (segment "Lifeline")
Werner Herzog (segment "Ten Thousand Years Older")
Jim Jarmusch (segment "Int  Trailer  Night ")
Wim Wenders (segment "Twelve Miles to Trona")
Spike Lee (segment "We Wuz Robbed")
Chen Kaige (segment "100 Flowers Hidden Deep")

Ten Minutes Older: The Cello
Directed by:

Bernardo Bertolucci (segment "Histoire d'eaux")
Mike Figgis (segment "About Time 2")
Jirí Menzel (segment "One Moment")
István Szabó (segment "Ten Minutes After")
Claire Denis (segment "Vers Nancy")
Volker Schlöndorff (segment "The Enlightenment")
Michael Radford (segment "Addicted to the Stars", made by Daniel Craig)
Jean-Luc Godard (segment "Dans le noir du temps")
Passage 9:
ATM 2000E
The ATM 2000 (Pz Mi 88) and ATM 2000E are Austrian plastic cased anti-vehicle mines using Misznay Schardin effect warhead  The mine uses an electronic microprocessor controlled fuze with magnetic, seismic and pressure sensors allowing it to discriminate between targets  The mine can be laid by hand or by a mechanical mine laying system, and arms ten minutes after being laid  The mine is fitted with an anti-handling device, and can be command detonated 
When triggered, the mine detonates a small clearing charge, which clears away any earth laid on top of the mine  It then fires the main warhead, which uses a metal liner to form a penetrating fragment which is projected into the belly of the vehicle passing over the mine  The self-forging fragment is capable of penetrating steel up to 200 millimeters thick 
The mine is currently being produced by Dynamit Nobel Wien and is in service with the Austrian Army 



ground_truth: 1978

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which American actor portray Steve Urkel in "Family Matters"

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Current bidders are Apple TV+, Hulu and Netflix 

Accolades
Notes
Passage 4:
Michelle Thomas
Michelle Doris Thomas (September 23, 1968 – December 23, 1998) was an American actress  She was known for her roles as Justine Phillips on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show (1988–90), as Myra Monkhouse on the ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters (1993–98), and as Callie Rogers on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless (1998) 

Early life and education
Michelle Thomas was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on September 23, 1968, to Phynjuar "Penwah" Thomas, a stage actress, and musician father Dennis "Dee Tee" Thomas, a saxophonist and founding member of the band Kool & the Gang  Thomas grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, and graduated from West Essex High School in 1987 As a child, she would accompany her mother to her theater rehearsals and performances  Her mother was her first acting coach, and coached her throughout the course of her career  A friend of her mother who had heard Michelle Thomas sing before had requested that she enter Miss Talented Teens  Thomas was crowned Miss Talented Teen New Jersey at the state's Hal Jackson's Talented Teen pageant, and then in July 1984, at the age of 15, she was crowned Miss Talented Teen International in Montego Bay, Jamaica from among 35 state and national representatives 

Career
In 1983, Michelle Thomas appeared in her first television commercial  In December 1984, she appeared with Hal Jackson on Soul Train after having won the Miss Talented Teen International pageant earlier in the year From 1988 to 1990, Thomas portrayed Justine Phillips, the girlfriend of Theo Huxtable, on The Cosby Show  She appeared on various television programs, including A Man Called Hawk in 1989 and Thea in 1994  Thomas had a role in Dream Date in 1989 and had a small role in Hangin' with the Homeboys in 1991 
Thomas appeared in music videos for Mint Condition, Chubb Rock, and Dru Hill  Her publicist was Kahdijah Bell, daughter of Ronald Bell of Kool & the Gang  Thomas was a guest host of the weekly music series Soul Train in May 1996 and March 1997 From 1993 to 1998, she portrayed the role of Myra Monkhouse, the girlfriend of Steve Urkel, on Family Matters  After the sitcom ended in 1998, Thomas portrayed Callie Rogers, an aspiring singer and love interest of Malcolm Winters, on the daytime soap The Young and the Restless  In October 1998, Thomas took a medical leave from the series due to her ill health  Thomas had been in the studio recording music before her sudden turn in health  She appeared posthumously in the role of Anne in the film Unbowed in 1999 

Health and death
In August 1997, Thomas was diagnosed with a rare cancer, an intra-abdominal desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor (DSRCT)  Thomas never smoked or drank alcohol, and was a vegetarian  Her mother added that "they'd give her a sedation that was supposed to put her out for 20 minutes and she'd be asleep for four days  Her body couldn't take it " Thomas underwent surgery to remove a lemon-sized tumor shortly before landing her The Young and the Restless role in the spring of 1998  She underwent surgery again in October 1998 after a second cancerous growth ruptured  After being released from the hospital, Thomas flew home to New Jersey to spend Thanksgiving with her family in Weehawken, New Jersey On December 23, at age 30, Thomas died in New York City at Manhattan's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center  Malcolm-Jamal Warner, Thomas' longtime friend and former boyfriend, was among those at her bedside  On December 26, 1998, a Muslim funeral service was held, per her request  She was buried in New Jersey 

Filmography
Film
Television
Music videos
Honors
Passage 5:
Boy Meets World (season 2)
The second season of the television comedy series Boy Meets World aired between September 23, 1994 and May 19, 1995, on ABC in the United States  The season was produced by Michael Jacobs Productions and Touchstone Television with series creator Michael Jacobs as executive producer  It was broadcast as part of the ABC comedy block TGIF on Friday evenings  This is the last season to have Lily Nicksay portray Morgan Matthews   (She would be replaced by Lindsay Ridgeway in season three )

Cast
Main
Ben Savage as Cory Matthews
William Daniels as George Feeny
Betsy Randle as Amy Matthews
Will Friedle as Eric Matthews
Rider Strong as Shawn Hunter
Danielle Fishel as Topanga Lawrence
Lily Nicksay as Morgan Matthews
Anthony Tyler Quinn as Jonathan Turner
William Russ as Alan Matthews

Episodes
Passage 6:
Twenty Vicodin
"Twenty Vicodin" is the eighth season premiere episode of the American television medical drama series House and the 156th overall episode of the series  It aired on Fox on October 3, 2011  The episode introduces a new regular cast member to the series, Odette Annable, who plays Dr  Jessica Adams  Jaleel White, who played Steve Urkel on the ABC show Family Matters, makes a guest appearance in the episode  In the episode, the storyline picks up eleven months after the season seventh finale with House in prison 

Plot
Eight months after being imprisoned for driving his car into Cuddy's living room, House has five days before he is granted parole, to which he has become eligible due to space issues and relatively good behavior  He is faced with prison bullies, mainly their leader (Jude Ciccolella), who extorts him into paying them "twenty Vicodin" as "exit tax", and meets Jessica Adams (Odette Annable), a young prison doctor who becomes fascinated with his medical skills  When a fellow prisoner collapses due to mysterious symptoms, House races against the clock and the head prison doctor to find the cure   During his imprisonment period, House has not had any phone calls or visitors; as House explains, human contact is what brought him there to begin with   In the end, House cures the man, but not without punishment from the parole board 

Production
"Twenty Vicodin", the eighth season premiere of House, was written by Peter Blake  It debuted actress Odette Annable as Dr  Jessica Adams, a doctor working at the prison where Dr  House is incarcerated  David Shore stated that it was a challenge for him to appropriately punish House for the deed in the season 7 finale without turning the series into a prison show or changing House's characteristics (while changing the environment around him, i e  removing Cuddy and "chilling" his relationship with Wilson), and that is why he decided to pick up the story eight months after House's incarceration 

Reception
Critical reception
The episode was received with generally good reviews  The A V  Club initially gave this episode a B− rating  Anthony Ocasio of ScreenRant com gave the episode a positive review, stating "the House season 8 premiere presents a wonderfully crafted case study, penned by executive producer Peter Blake, on the man that is House, in which Hugh Laurie masterfully traverses a new environment filled with intriguing challenges and compelling characters " Joseph Oliveto from screencrave com gave the episode a very good review, awarding the episode 9/10  Oliveto commented that Twenty Vicodin was "A tense season-opener [that] assures us that “House” hasn’t lost the magic" 

Ratings
With 9 78 million viewers, "Twenty Vicodin" was the 8th most watched program of the night  This was a decrease of 0 76 million viewers from the season seven premiere, but an increase of 0 67 million from the season 7 finale  The episode was the 14th most watched program of the week for adults 18-49  The season premiere was the second most watched program of the week in Canada with 2 81 million viewers 
Passage 7:
Shawn Harrison (actor)
Shawn Harrison (born December 28, 1973) is an American actor best known for his role as Waldo Faldo, the dim-witted but lovable chef-in-training on the ABC sitcom Family Matters from 1990 to 1996 Before sixth grade, he appeared in seven commercials such as Fruity Pebbles and Burger King  In 1986, Harrison made an appearance in the Kidsongs video "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing" in the role of Mike  His mother died when he was 17 
Harrison has also made occasional appearances as the hairstylist Peaches on the UPN sitcom Girlfriends, and made several guest appearances on other series prior to that, including Moesha 
He provided the voice of Timber Wolf on the animated series Legion of Super Heroes, which premiered in fall 2006  He was also in an episode of Punky Brewster  He also played William K in two episodes The Ms  Pat Show 

Filmography
Film
Television
Passage 8:
Total Blackout
Total Blackout is an American game show airing on Syfy that features contestants that have to complete challenges such as: identifying things with either their hands, nose, or mouth; gathering items; or getting from point A to Point B while being totally in the dark (hence the name "Total Blackout")  The host of the show is Jaleel White, known for roles like Steve Urkel on the ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters, and Sonic the Hedgehog in three animated shows  Each episode has four players competing to win $5,000  On occasion, episodes will feature four teams of two  The player or team who either takes the longest to do a certain task or identifies the fewest items in the allowed time is eliminated at the end of each round  The show was renewed for a second season by SyFy that started on October 30, 2012  Season 1 and 2 are now available on iTunes 
The show is originally Danish and first aired in Denmark (created by Henrik Nielsen) on Kanal 5 in 2011, where Uffe Holm was host of the show  The show was later adapted to a U S version 

Episodes
Season 1 (2012)
Season 2 (2013)
Passage 9:
Jaleel White
Jaleel Ahmad White (born November 27, 1976) is an American actor  He is best known for his role as Steve Urkel on the sitcom Family Matters  The character was originally intended to be a one-time guest appearance on the show; however, he was an instant hit with audiences and White became a regular cast member  The series aired for a total of nine seasons, from 1989 to 1997 on ABC, mostly on its Friday night TGIF lineup, and from 1997 to 1998 on CBS, again on Friday nights, via their short-lived CBS Block Party attempt  White then reprised his role as Urkel for the first time in 21 years in the 2019 series Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? 
White is also the first actor to voice the popular Sega video game character Sonic the Hedgehog in animated media, doing so in Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic the Hedgehog (also known as Sonic SatAM) and Sonic Underground, all of which were produced by the now-defunct DIC Entertainment studio  He then reprised his role as Sonic in the 2013 Sonic fan film 
After Family Matters ended, White went on to star in the short-lived UPN comedy series Grown Ups (1999–2000)  White then took brief hiatus from acting to attend UCLA in Los Angeles, California, where he graduated in 2001, earning a degree in film and television  He returned to acting with supporting roles in Dreamgirls (2006), and cameo appearances on another ABC series, Boston Legal, Fox's House, ABC's Castle, and USA's Psych  In 2010, he portrayed Dr  McCormick in the sci-fi film Mega Shark Versus Crocosaurus  In March 2012, White was a contestant in season 14 of Dancing with the Stars before he was voted off in May of that year, leaving him with a 7th place finish overall  In April 2012, White hosted the Syfy game show Total Blackout  In January 2017, White appeared in Bones as Officer Adams  In 2020, White had a recurring role in the one season-long Netflix series The Big Show Show 

Early life
White was born in Culver City, California, the only child of Michael White, a dentist, and Gail White, who was a homemaker  His mother later became his manager  White attended John Marshall Fundamental High School in Pasadena, California, and South Pasadena High School before graduating from UCLA in 2001  On the advice of his preschool teacher, White began acting as a child  He got his start on TV commercials at age three  One of White's notable commercial appearances was for Jell-O pudding pops alongside Bill Cosby 

Career
After starting his career at the age of three, White's first television role was a guest stint on The Jeffersons, in 1984  He later auditioned for the role of Rudy Huxtable on The Cosby Show  According to White, he was cast in the role (the character was originally intended to be male) but was replaced by Keshia Knight Pulliam when Bill Cosby decided to mirror his television family after his real life family  The following year, he was cast as the son of Flip Wilson and Gladys Knight on the CBS sitcom Charlie and Company  The series was intended to be CBS' answer to the highly rated Cosby Show which debuted on NBC in 1984  Unlike The Cosby Show, Charlie and Company did not catch on with audiences and was canceled in May 1986  In 1987, he appeared in the pilot episode for Good Morning, Miss Bliss, and had a guest role on Mr  Belvedere  In 1988, White had a supporting role in Cadets, a sitcom starring Soleil Moon Frye  The pilot episode aired during a preview special on September 25, 1988, on ABC  The series, however, was not picked up by the network  Also during the 1980s, he appeared in a few segments of NBC's One to Grow On 
White had a role in the NBC television film Camp Cucamonga  The film features an ensemble cast including Sherman Hemsley, Jennifer Aniston, and Brian Robbins  Several other child actors of the era including Chad Allen, Candace Cameron, Danica McKellar, Josh Saviano, and Breckin Meyer also appear 

Family Matters
At the age of 12, White originated his most famous role, Steve Urkel, on Family Matters   The role was initially conceived as a one-time guest appearance, but the character proved to be popular and White was given a full-time starring role  He also played several other members of the Urkel family, including his alter ego Stefan Urquelle and Myrtle Urkel  During the height of Family Matters' popularity, the character of Urkel was marketed with breakfast cereal (Urkel-Os) and an Urkel doll  In addition to starring in the series, White also wrote several episodes, including one, at age 19, that was the series' highest rated for that year  The series was a staple of ABC's TGIF lineup and became one of the longest-running sitcoms with a predominantly black cast in television history In 1992, he was featured in The Jaleel White Special, in which he played a fictionalized version of himself making a film, while also playing Steve Urkel By the time the series ended in 1998, White, who was then 21 years old, was disillusioned with the role, and had been shaken by the death of his close friend and co-star Michelle Thomas from an aggressive form of stomach cancer  Shortly after the series' cancellation, he stated in a 1999 interview, "If you ever see me do that character again, take me out and put a bullet in my head and put me out of my misery " Due to the character's popularity, White was so tightly defined by his Urkel character that he encountered difficulty finding other roles In later years, White came to terms with the character  In a 2011 interview with Vanity Fair, he addressed the 1999 "bullet" quote stating, "It's one of those things that it's very unfortunate how quotes are taken out of context  I remember that interview very vividly  I loved playing those characters     But the fact is that I was maturing      To be honest, I was retarding my own growth as a man to maintain the authenticity to what I thought that character should be " When asked if he would ever reprise the Steve Urkel role, White said, "I'll always say never say never; I'm a pretty creative person  I can't envision how I could do it in a way that would be irreverent and fun for both me and the viewing audience" 

Other career highlights
White was the original English voice of the popular video game character Sonic the Hedgehog, having been cast in 1993 (pre-dating Martin Burke and Ryan Drummond)  He voiced the character in all of the DiC-produced animated series: Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic SatAM, and Sonic Underground, as well as the Christmas special, Sonic Christmas Blast  In Underground, White also voiced Sonic's brother and sister, Manic and Sonia  White did not return to voice Sonic when Sonic X was released in 2003 
In 1999, White returned to television in the UPN sitcom Grown Ups  The series was based around White as a young man striking out into adulthood  He also co-produced and wrote some episodes for the show, in which he starred as "J", a college graduate struggling to establish his role in life as an adult  The pilot episode featured another former child actor, Soleil Moon Frye, known for her role as Punky Brewster, as the girl whom he chose as a roommate  The show received poor reviews from critics but debuted in second place in the ratings upon its premiere  However, ratings soon dropped and UPN canceled the series after one season White's acting roles have not been restricted to sitcoms  He has provided his voice to several animated projects including Warner Bros ' 1998 film Quest for Camelot  In 1999, he provided the voice for a teenaged Martin Luther King Jr , in Our Friend, Martin 
In 2001, White graduated from UCLA with a degree in film and television  He has continued acting and has had small parts in the films Big Fat Liar (in a cameo role) and Dreamgirls, and was featured as the lead role in the direct-to-DVD comedy Who Made the Potatoe Salad? in 2006  In 2007, he guest-starred on the CW series The Game, followed by a role as a law school graduate interviewing for a job at Crane, Poole and Schmidt in the ABC legal drama Boston Legal In June 2009, White began appearing in the web series Road to the Altar  In the series, White stars as Simon, a 30-something black man marrying a young Jewish girl named Rochelle  In September 2009, White guest starred on the USA Network series Psych, as an estranged college singing buddy of the character Gus 
In June 2010, White starred in the web series Fake It Till You Make It  He also serves as writer and producer of the series  The series, which premiered on Hulu, follows the exploits of former child star Reggie Cullen (White) turned image consultant and his three protégés as they hustle to navigate Hollywood  In March 2011, White guest starred on the TBS sitcom Are We There Yet?, which reunited him with fellow Family Matters cast member Telma Hopkins  Later that same year, White appeared as the star in Cee-Lo Green's music video for his song "Cry Baby" In October 2011, White appeared in the season 8 premiere of House, titled "Twenty Vicodin", where he appears as a well-connected inmate, occasionally helping Hugh Laurie's character Gregory House to sneak contraband into the prison  In April 2012, White began hosting the Syfy game show Total Blackout In March 2012, White began competing on the 14th season of Dancing with the Stars  He was partnered with two-time dance champion Kym Johnson  In the opening night's performance, White and Johnson danced the Foxtrot to "The Way You Look Tonight"  They earned a total of 26 points out of 30  White was voted off the series in May 2012 In 2015, White appeared in a Scion commercial In 2017, it was announced that CBS picked up his single camera comedy series Me, Myself & I with Bobby Moynihan, that premiered in September 2017  After six episodes, it was pulled from the fall schedule, leaving seven episodes unaired, with the network airing the remaining episodes in the summer 

Personal life
White dated actress Christine Lakin from fellow TGIF show Step by Step in the early 90s 
White has one daughter, Samaya (born in 2009), with ex-girlfriend Bridget Hardy In 2021, White announced the launch of his ItsPurpl line of cannabis products featuring the Purple Urkle strain, set for debut on April 20 at California dispensaries White has a memorial set up in his home for his Family Matters co-star Michelle Thomas, who died in 1998 of stomach cancer, shortly after the series had wrapped  He has described Thomas as a 'big sister' who was, for a period of time in the early seasons of the show, his closest friend on set, and has stated that his childhood seemed to officially end with her death 

Filmography
Film
Television
Web
Awards and nominations



ground_truth: Jaleel Ahmad White