prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the father-in-law of Duke William Of Mecklenburg-Schwerin?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Ludwig, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Ludwig zu Mecklenburg; 6 August 1725 – 12 September 1778) was heir to the Dukedom of Mecklenburg-Schwerin for twenty-two years from 1756 to his death in 1778  He was also the father of the first Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Frederick Francis I 

Early life
Louis was born at Grabow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, third child and second son of Christian Ludwig II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1683–1756), (son of Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow and Landgravine Christine Wilhelmine of Hesse-Homburg) and his wife, Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1694–1748), (daughter of Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow) 
After the death of the father in 1756, his brother Frederick succeed to the Dukedom  Since his brother died without any surviving issue he was appointed heir, but he died in 1778, and at the death of his brother in 1785 his son Frederick Francis, succeeded as the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who later became the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 

Marriage
Louis married 13 May 1755 at Schwerin to Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1731–1810), daughter of Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and his wife, Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 
They had one son and one daughter:

Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (10 December 1756 – 1 February 1837); married in 1775 Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, had issue 
Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (24 August 1758 – 29 November 1794); married in 1774 to Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway, had issue 

Ancestry
Passage 2:
Barthold A  Butenschøn Sr 
Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn (27 December 1877 – 28 November 1971) was a Norwegian businessperson 
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Nils August Andresen Butenschøn and Hanna Butenschøn, and grandson of Nicolay Andresen  Together with Mabel Anette Plahte (1877–1973, a daughter of Frithjof M  Plahte) he had the son Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn Jr  and was through him the father-in-law of Ragnhild Butenschøn and grandfather of Peter Butenschøn  Through his daughter Marie Claudine he was the father-in-law of Joakim Lehmkuhl, through his daughter Mabel Anette he was the father-in-law of Harald Astrup (a son of Sigurd Astrup) and through his daughter Nini Augusta he was the father-in-law of Ernst Torp He took commerce school and agricultural school  He was hired in the family company N  A  Andresen & Co, and became a co-owner in 1910  He eventually became chief executive officer  The bank changed its name to Andresens Bank in 1913 and merged with Bergens Kreditbank in 1920  The merger was dissolved later in the 1920s  He was also a landowner, owning Nedre Skøyen farm and a lot of land in Enebakk  He chaired the board of Nydalens Compagnie from 1926, having not been a board member before that He also chaired the supervisory council of Forsikringsselskapet Viking and Nedre Glommen salgsforening, and was a supervisory council member of Filharmonisk Selskap  He was a member of the gentlemen's club SK Fram since 1890, and was proclaimed a lifetime member in 1964 He was buried in Enebakk 
Passage 3:
Ludwig von Westphalen
Johann Ludwig von Westphalen (11 July 1770 – 3 March 1842) was a liberal Prussian civil servant and the father-in-law of Karl Marx 

Biography
Early life
Johann Ludwig von Westphalen was born on 11 July 1770 in Bornum am Elm  He was the youngest son of Philipp von Westphalen (1724–92), who himself was the son of a Blankenburg postmaster  Philipp von Westphalen had been ennobled in 1764 with the predicate Edler von Westphalen by Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick for his military services  He had served as the duke's de facto "chief of staff" during the Seven Years' War  Through his mother, Jane Wishart of Pittarrow, he was the descendant of many Scottish and European noble families He received extensive education and spoke German and English, and read Latin, Greek, Italian, French and Spanish  He studied at the Collegium Carolinum, the forerunner of today's Braunschweig University of Technology, and at Göttingen 

Career
In 1794, he entered government's service in Brunswick  In 1797 he married Elisabeth von Veltheim, who bore him four children  In 1804 he entered the government service of the Duchy of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel) 
With the establishment of the Napoleonic state in Westphalia (the Kingdom of Westphalia) in 1807, he entered its service  He was likely motivated in this by a desire to see reforms carried out  He did, however, oppose the French dominance of the local government, and other policies, and for his critique he was eventually arrested by orders from Louis-Nicolas Davout and imprisoned in the fortress of Gifhorn  In the same year, he lost his first wife  In the summer of 1809 Louis was appointed sub-prefect of Salzwedel, where three years later in 1812 he married Karoline Heubel; they had three children  After Salzwedel was again under Prussian administration, in 1816 Ludwig von Westphalen was transferred to the newly established regional government in Trier 

Personal life
It was in Trier that he met and befriended Heinrich Marx, the father of Karl Marx  The children of the respective families, in particular Jenny and Edgar von Westphalen, and Sophie and Karl Marx, became close friends as well  In 1836, Jenny von Westphalen and Karl Marx became engaged; at first secretly but Ludwig approved the marriage in 1837, even though some saw Marx, who was both middle class and younger than her, as well as of Jewish descent, as an inappropriate partner for the noble daughter  In fact, Ludwig was seen as the mentor and role model of Karl Marx, who referred to him as a "dear fatherly friend"  Ludwig filled Marx with enthusiasm for the romantic school and read him Homer and Shakespeare, who remained Marx's favorite authors all his life  Marx also read Voltaire and Racine with Ludwig  Ludwig devoted much of his time to the young Marx and the two went for intellectual walks through "the hills and woods" of the neighbourhood  It was Ludwig who first introduced Marx to the personality and socialist teachings of Saint-Simon  Marx dedicated his doctoral thesis "The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature" written in 1841 to Ludwig in a most effusive manner in which Marx wrote "You, my fatherly friend, have always been for me the living proof that idealism is no illusion, but the true reality" In 1842, Marx was present at the deathbed of Ludwig von Westphalen  Jenny and Karl became married in 1843, a year after Ludwig's death 
He was the father of Ferdinand von Westphalen, a conservative and reactionary Prussian Minister of the Interior 

Death
He died on 3 March 1842 in Trier 
Passage 4:
Ogawa Mataji
Viscount Ogawa Mataji (小川又次, 22 August 1848 – 20 October 1909) was a general in the early Imperial Japanese Army  He was also the father-in-law of Field Marshal Gen Sugiyama 

Life and military career
Ogawa was born to a samurai family; his father was a retainer to the daimyō of Kokura Domain, in what is now Kitakyushu, Fukuoka  He studied rangaku under Egawa Hidetatsu and fought as a Kokura samurai against the forces of Chōshū Domain during the Bakumatsu period 
After the Meiji Restoration, Ogawa attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in January 1871 and promoted to lieutenant in February 1874  He participated in the Taiwan Expedition of April 1874  Afterwards, he served with the IJA 1st Infantry Regiment under the Tokyo Garrison, and as a battalion commander with the IJA 13th Infantry Regiment from April 1876  From February 1877, he fought in the Satsuma Rebellion, but was wounded in combat in April and promoted to major the same month 
In March 1878, Ogawa was Deputy Chief-of-Staff to the Kumamoto Garrison  He was sent as a military attaché to Beijing from April to July 1880  In February 1881, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and chief of staff of the Osaka Garrison  In March 1882, he was chief of staff of the Hiroshima Garrison  Promoted to colonel in October 1884, he was assigned the IJA 8th Infantry Regiment  In May 1885, he joined the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office  German General Jakob Meckel, hired by the Japanese government as a foreign advisor and instructor in the Imperial Japanese Army Academy highly praised Ogawa and fellow colonel Kodama Gentarō as the two most outstanding officers in the Imperial Japanese Army  Ogawa was especially noted for his abilities as a military strategist and planner, and earned the sobriquet “the modern Kenshin") from General Kawakami Soroku 

First Sino-Japanese War
Ogawa was promoted to major general in June 1890, and given command of the IJA 4th Infantry Brigade, followed by command of the 1st Guards Brigade  At the start of the First Sino-Japanese War in August 1894, he was chief of staff of the Japanese First Army  In August 1895, he was elevated to the kazoku peerage with the title of danshaku (baron)  He commanded the 2nd Guards Brigade from January 1896 and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant general in April 1897, assuming command of the IJA 4th Infantry Division  In May 1903, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures, first class 

Russo-Japanese War
During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Ogawa retained command of the IJA 4th Division under the Japanese Second Army of General Oku Yasukata   The division was in combat at the Battle of Nanshan, Battle of Telissu and Battle of Liaoyang  At the Battle of Liaoyang, Ogawa was injured in combat, and forced to relinquish his command and return to Tokyo  In January 1905, he was promoted to general, but took a medical leave from December 1905  He was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class in 1906   In September 1907 he was elevated to viscount (shishaku) He officially retired in November 
Ogawa died on 20 October 1909 due to peritonitis after being hospitalized for dysentery  His grave is located at Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo, and he also has a grave in his hometown of Kokura 

Decorations
1885 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class  
1895 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class 
1895 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class 
1895 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class 
1903 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure 
1906 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
1906 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class
Passage 5:
John Adams (merchant)
John Adams (1672 or 1673 – c  1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council  He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton 

Biography
Adams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams  Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710  Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life  There, he traded manufactured goods with the province's Acadian and Native Americans, and took up the role of a real estate agent and contractor  Adams joined the Executive Council of Nova Scotia on 28 April 1720, holding his position there for 20 years; the records show that few served as long as he did  He also held several other public positions in the province  Adams was appointed a notary public and deputy collector of customs for Annapolis Royal in 1725, and he was commissioned a justice of the peace in March 1727 Around the mid-1720s, Adams' poor eyesight began to fail, leading to his near-blindness in 1730  After this, he was less active in community activities and trade  Adams petitioned to the king for a pension several times, but failed  He blamed his disability on over-exposure to the sun during an Indian attack on Annapolis Royal in 1724  In December 1739, Lieutenant Governor Lawrence Armstrong died  With the absence of Major Mascarene to take Armstrong's place, Adams became the new president of the council and head of the civil government  (Alexander Cosby was also vying for the position ) In a meeting on 22 March 1740, with the return of Mascarene, the councilors declared that he was the council's rightful president  This turn of events led Adams to retire to Boston in late August or early September 1740, where he stayed for the rest of his life  He died some time after 1745 

Notes
Passage 6:
John VI, Duke of Mecklenburg
John VI, Duke of Mecklenburg (1439–1474) was a Duke of Mecklenburg 

Life
John was the second son of Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg, and his wife Dorothea, daughter of Elector Frederick I of Brandenburg 
His earliest documented official act (jointly with the father) was in 1451   In 1464 he ruled an apanage of several districts jointly with his brother Albert VI, but did not participate actively in administering them 
In 1472, John VI was engaged to Sophie, the daughter of Duke Eric II of Pomerania   The marriage was set to be celebrated in 1474   However, John VI died before the marriage took place   The exact date of his death is unknown; he is last mentioned in a document dated 20 May 1474 
His last illness was contracted on a journey to Franconia to visit his uncle Elector Albrecht III Achilles of Brandenburg   In Kulmbach, he was infected with the plague and died   He was probably buried in Poor Clares monastery in Hof 

External links
Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg
Passage 7:
Duke William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Duke Frederick William Nicholas of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Nicolas; 5 March 1827 – 28 July 1879) was the second son of Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and his wife Princess Alexandrine, daughter of King Frederick William III of Prussia 

Life
He enlisted in the Prussian Army and became commander of the 6th (Brandenburg) Cuirassiers "Emperor Nicholas I of Russia"  William had a reputation for drunkenness and a dissolute character  On two occasions he was deprived of his command in the Prussian army and he proposed marriage to the celebrated ballerina Marie Taglioni; consequently he was generally considered to be the "black sheep" of the family  Under family pressure, on 9 December 1865, he married Alexandrine of Prussia, daughter of his uncle Albert of Prussia and Marianne of Orange-Nassau  William settled with his wife at Bellevue Palace in Berlin  The marriage was unhappy and the couple had an only child: Charlotte (1868-1944) who married Prince Heinrich XVIII Reuss of Köstritz 
William took part in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 as a major general in command of a cavalry brigade in the First Army  He managed, with difficulty, to secure a command in the Prussian Army during the Franco-Prussian War, leading the 6th Cavalry Division, but he was wounded on 9 September 1870 in Laon  As a result, he was long absent from the front and he showed a great lack of energy at the Battle of Le Mans  In 1873 he became commander of the 22nd Division in Kassel, completed in 1874 but it was only an honorary position  He died on 28 July 1879 

Issue
By his wife, he had an only daughter:

Duchess Charlotte of Meclemburgo-Schwerin (7 November 1868-20 Dicember 1944)  She married firstly Henry XVII of Reuss-Köstritz and secondly Robert Schmidt 

Honours
He received the following orders and decorations:

Ancestors


== Notes ==
Passage 8:
Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1906–1940)
Prince Wilhelm Friedrich Franz Joseph Christian Olaf of Prussia (4 July 1906 – 26 May 1940) was the eldest child of Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, and Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  At his birth, he was second in line to the German throne and was expected to succeed to the throne after the deaths of his grandfather, Emperor Wilhelm II, and his father, Crown Prince Wilhelm  Both, however, outlived him 

Early life and childhood
Wilhelm was born on 4 July 1906 at the Hohenzollern family's private summer residence, Marmorpalais, or Marble Palace, near Potsdam, where his parents were residing until their own home, Schloss Cecilienhof, could be completed  His father was Crown Prince Wilhelm, the eldest son and heir to the German Emperor, Wilhelm II  His mother was Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria was one of the Prince's godfathers 
The selection of a nanny for Wilhelm and his younger brother, Louis Ferdinand (born in 1907) caused considerable distress within the family On his tenth birthday in 1916, Wilhelm was made a lieutenant in the 1st Guards Regiment, and was given the Order of the Black Eagle by his grandfather  Two years later, when he was only twelve, the German monarchy was abolished  Wilhelm and his family remained in Germany, though his grandfather, the former Emperor, went into exile in the Netherlands  The former Crown Prince and his family remained in Potsdam, where Wilhelm and his younger brothers attended the local gymnasium 

After graduating from secondary school, Wilhelm went on to study at the Universities of Königsberg, Munich and Bonn  In 1926, while a student at the University of Bonn, Wilhelm joined the Borussia Corps, a student organization of which his father, grandfather, and other members of the Prussian royal family were members 

Marriage and children
While a student at Bonn, Wilhelm fell in love with a fellow student, Dorothea von Salviati (10 September 1907 – 7 May 1972)  Her parents were Alexander Hermann Heinrich August von Salviati and Helene "Ella" Crasemann (of the well-established Hamburg merchant family, Crasemann)  Her maternal grandfather was the Hamburg parliamentarian Gustav August Rudolph Crasemann 
Wilhelm's grandfather did not approve of the marriage of a member of the minor nobility with the second in line to the German throne  At the time, the former Kaiser still believed in the possibility of a Hohenzollern restoration, and he would not permit his grandson to make an unequal marriage  Wilhelm told his grandson, "Remember, there is every possible form of horse  We are thoroughbreds, however, and when we conclude a marriage such as with Fräulein von Salviati, it produces mongrels, and that cannot be allowed to happen "However, Wilhelm was determined to marry Dorothea  He renounced any rights to the succession for himself and his future children in 1933  Wilhelm and Dorothea married on 3 June 1933 in Bonn  They had two daughters  In 1940, the ex-Emperor recognized the marriage as dynastic and the girls were accorded the style of Princesses of Prussia, although their father was not restored to his former place in the putative line of succession,

Princess Felicitas Cecilie Alexandrine Helene Dorothea of Prussia, (7 June 1934 – 1 August 2009), married Dinnies von der Osten (1929–1998) on 12 September 1958 and they were divorced in 1972, with issue  She married secondly Jörg von Nostitz-Wallwitz (b  1937), with issue 
Princess Christa Friederike Alexandrine Viktoria of Prussia, (31 October 1936) she married Peter von Assis Liebes (1926–1967), son of Martin Liebes and Countess Clementine von Montgelas on 24 March 1960, without issue 

Military services
During the Weimar Republic, Wilhelm inadvertently caused a public scandal by attending Army manoeuvres in the uniform of the old Imperial First Foot Guards without first seeking government approval  The commander of the Reichswehr, Hans von Seeckt, was forced to resign as a result  The Oster conspiracy of 1938 sought to restore Wilhelm to the throne 
At the beginning of World War II, Wilhelm was among a number of princes from the former German monarchies who enlisted to serve in the Wehrmacht, the unified armed forces of Germany 

Death and reaction
In May 1940, Wilhelm took part in the invasion of France  He was wounded during the fighting in Valenciennes and died in a field hospital in Nivelles on 26 May 1940  His funeral service was held at the Church of Peace, and he was buried in the Hohenzollern family mausoleum in the Antique Temple in Sanssouci Park  The service drew over 50,000 mourners, by far the largest unofficial public turnout during Nazi rule in Germany Shortly after Wilhelm's death, a decree known as the Prinzenerlaß, or Prince's Decree, was issued, barring all members of the former German royal houses from service in the Wehrmacht 

Ancestry
Passage 9:
Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (12 July 1694 – 13 April 1748) was a daughter of Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg and Princess Marie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 

Family
Gustave Caroline was the fourth daughter and youngest child of Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg by his first wife Princess Maria of Mecklenburg  She was a younger sister of Adolphus Frederick III, Duke of Mecklenburg  Through her father's third marriage, she was an aunt of Queen Charlotte of the United Kingdom 

Marriage
On 13 November 1714, Gustave Caroline married her cousin Christian Ludwig of Mecklenburg  He was the third eldest son of Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow and his wife Princess Christine Wilhelmine of Hesse-Homburg  Christian Ludwig succeeded as Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1747, the year before Gustave Caroline's death 
They had five children:

Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1717–1785); married Duchess Louise Frederica of Württemberg
Louis (1725–78); married Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1731–1810)   They were the parents of Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 
Ulrike Sofie (1723–1813)
Luise (1730)
Amalie (1732–1775)

Ancestry
Passage 10:
Princess Alexandrine of Prussia (1842–1906)
Princess Friederike Wilhelmine Luise Elisabeth Alexandrine of Prussia (1 February 1842 – 26 March 1906) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern as the daughter of Prince Albert of Prussia and his wife Princess Marianne of the Netherlands 

Family and early life
Alexandrine ('Addy') was the youngest child born to Prince Albert of Prussia and his first wife Princess Marianne of the Netherlands  She was named after her aunt (and later mother-in-law) the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  She had two elder surviving siblings, Princess Charlotte (and Prince Albert  Her parents' marriage was dissolved on 28 March 1849  Her father later remarried in 1853 to one of the court maids-of-honor, Rosalie von Rauch, who was created Countess of Hohenau  The couple had two sons  Their mother also remarried morganatically to a former coachman, producing issue with Johannes van Rossum 
Due to the troubled marriage of her parents, Alexandrine was to all intents and purposes the adopted daughter of her otherwise childless uncle and aunt, King Frederick William IV of Prussia and Queen Elisabeth Ludovika, and became their ward  They took Alexandrine to live with them, bringing her up as their own offspring 

Marriage
Marriage prospects
As a young woman, Alexandrine was considered as a potential bride for the one-year older Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom), but was not considered "clever or pretty" enough by his sister Crown Princess Victoria of Prussia (‘Vicky’)  The prince married Alexandra of Denmark instead  Despite her comment, Vicky had a fondness for Alexandrine, writing to her mother that she was "such an excellent girl and much admired here"  There were also financial advantages to a marriage to Alexandrine; she already had one million dollars through her mother, and would have even more wealth when she married  Consequently, Vicky tried again to marry her off to another British relative, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge  Nothing came of this either, however 

Wedding
On 9 December 1865, Alexandrine married her much-older cousin Duke William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  He was a younger son of Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and Alexandrine's aunt and namesake Princess Alexandrine of Prussia  Though the marriage was meant to give her financial security in the future, it was certainly not a love match; Alexandrine cried during the entire wedding ceremony  Vicky described the wedding to her mother, 
"The wedding was celebrated with the greatest pomp, but had something of the solemnity of a funeral about it – nothing gay, festive or bridal  The only thing that made a pleasing impression on me was dear Addy herself, who although she cried the whole time, had such a dignified and touching appearance that I never saw her look so well  She went through it all with the most perfect tenue – though I never saw her smile once  She did not look a bit like a bride but I must say very elegant and distinguee    The bridegroom's tenance looked as evil as possible the whole time  I looked in vain for a trace of softness of feeling" 
 Furthermore, William had a reputation for drunkenness and a dissolute character, so it was surprising that the exceedingly pious and recently widowed Queen Elisabeth gave her consent to the match  On two occasions William had been deprived of his command in the Prussian army and had recently proposed marriage to the celebrated ballerina Marie Taglioni; consequently he was generally considered to be the "black sheep" of the family  Regardless, the Queen granted her permission, endowing her with a grand trousseau of lavish clothing and jewelry  Her other uncle Emperor Wilhelm I gave her an opulent diamond necklace, while her mother Princess Marianne gave her a necklace of Siberian amethysts as well as an emerald diadem 

Marriage and later life
William's older brother Frederick Francis already had many children from his two marriages, so there was no chance of William and Alexandrine succeeding to the throne of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  During their marriage, the couple lived at Bellevue Palace in Berlin; Alexandrine saw little of Mecklenburg, her husband's native country  The marriage was unhappy, and she tried to escape several times, only to be forced back by pressure from her powerful Aunt Alexandrine  William managed with difficulty to secure an unimportant command in the Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian War  He was badly injured from an explosion during the war, but continued to live on until 1879 

After her husband's death, Alexandrine dedicated her life to her daughter, and played very little part in public life  Alexandrine died on 26 March 1906 at Schloss Marley, near Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany  Bellevue Palace was next occupied by Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia and his new bride Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg 

Issue
By her husband, she had an only daughter:

Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (7 November 1868 - 20 December 1944)  She married firstly Henry XVII of Reuss-Köstritz and secondly Robert Schmidt 

Ancestry
Context 2: Passage 1:
Jason Moore (director)
Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film, theatre and television 

Life and career
Jason Moore was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and studied at Northwestern University  Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at the Imperial Theatre in during its original run  He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore In March 2003, Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which opened Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre and then moved to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in July 2003   He was nominated for a 2004 Tony Award for his direction  Moore also directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London and the show's national tour  Moore directed the 2005 Broadway revival of Steel Magnolias and Shrek the Musical, starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008  He directed the concert of Jerry Springer — The Opera at Carnegie Hall in January 2008 Moore, Jeff Whitty, Jake Shears, and John "JJ" Garden worked together on a new musical based on Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City  The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco, California in May 2011 and ran through July 2011 For television, Moore has directed episodes of Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters  As a writer, Moore adapted the play The Floatplane Notebooks with Paul Fitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton  A staged reading of the play was presented at the New Play Festival at the Charlotte, North Carolina Repertory Theatre in 1996, with a fully staged production in 1998 In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring Anna Kendrick and Brittany Snow  He also served as an executive producer on the sequel  He directed the film Sisters, starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which was released on December 18, 2015  Moore's next project will be directing a live action Archie movie 

Filmography
Films

Pitch Perfect (2012)
Sisters (2015)
Shotgun Wedding (2022)Television

Soundtrack writer

Pitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executive producer)
The Voice (2015) (1 episode)
Passage 2:
Man at the Top (film)
Man at the Top is a 1973 British drama film directed by Mike Vardy and starring Kenneth Haigh, spun off from the television series Man at the Top, which itself was inspired by the 1959 film Room at the Top and its 1965 sequel Life at the Top 

Plot
Joe Lampton is promoted to managing director of a pharmaceutical company, and becomes involved with Lord Ackerman, the powerful chairman, who is also his father-in-law  But Joe makes a shocking discovery: his predecessor committed suicide because of his involvement in a drug that left 1,000 African women sterile  Joe threatens to reveal all to the press, while Lord Ackerman seeks to persuade him otherwise, by offering him promotion to Chief Executive 

Cast
Kenneth Haigh as Joe Lampton
Nanette Newman as Lady Alex Ackerman
Harry Andrews as Lord Ackerman
William Lucas as Marshall
Clive Swift as Massey
Paul Williamson as Tarrant
John Collin as Wisbech
John Quentin as Digby
Danny Sewell as Weston
Charlie Williams as George Harvey
Anne Cunningham as Mrs  Harvey
Angela Bruce as Joyce
Margaret Heald as Eileen
Mary Maude as Robin Ackerman
Norma West as Sarah Tarrant
John Conteh as Boxer

Production
Filming
Shooting took place from 3 March to 7 April 1973 

Reception
Box office
The film was not a success at the box office 

Critical reception
Monthly Film Bulletin said it was "too much like an episode of a TV series stretched to feature length" "Network on Air" noted the film as, "offering a grittier treatment than the 1959 film adaptation and the subsequent television series" Allmovie noted, " Nanette Newman, a busy doe-eyed ingenue of the 1960s, is quietly effective as the middle-aged Mrs  Lampton "
Passage 3:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 4:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 5:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 6:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 7:
Christophe Honoré
Christophe Honoré (born 10 April 1970) is a French writer and film and theatre director 

Career
Honoré was born in Carhaix, Finistère  After moving to Paris in 1995, he wrote articles in Les Cahiers du Cinéma  He started writing soon after  His 1996 book Tout contre Léo (Close to Leo) talks about HIV and is aimed at young adults; he made it into a film in 2002  He wrote other books for young adults throughout the late 1990s  His first play, Les Débutantes, was performed at Avignon's Off Festival in 1998  In 2005, he returned to Avignon to present Dionysos impuissant in the "In" Festival, with Joana Preiss and Louis Garrel playing the leads 
A well-known director, he is considered an "auteur" in French cinema  His 2006 film Dans Paris has led him to be considered by French critics as the heir to the Nouvelle Vague cinema  In 2007, Les Chansons d'amour was one of the films selected to be in competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival  Honoré is openly gay, and some of his movies or screenplays (among them Les Filles ne savent pas nager, Dix-sept fois Cécile Cassard and Les Chansons d'amour) deal with gay or lesbian relations  His film Plaire, aimer et courir vite (Sorry Angel), about a writer who has contracted HIV in the 1990s, won the Louis Delluc Prize for Best Film in 2018  Honoré has been the screenwriter for some of Gaël Morel's films  The actors Louis Garrel and Chiara Mastroianni have each had roles in several of his films 
Honoré has also directed several operas for the stage  For the Opéra de Lyon he directed Poulenc's Dialogues of the Carmelites in 2013,  Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande in 2015, and Verdi's Don Carlos in 2018  He also presented his production of Mozart's Così fan tutte at the Aix-en-Provence Festival and the Edinburgh Festival in 2016, and Puccini's Tosca at Aix-en-Provence in 2019; both of these productions adopted a radical approach to traditional works In the summer of 2020 Honoré's rehearsals of his stage production of Le Côté de Guermantes, based on the third volume of Proust's In Search of Lost Time, were interrupted by restrictions to combat the COVID-19 epidemic and it became impossible to present it at the Comédie-Française as planned  With his troupe of actors he decided to make a film about the production and the uncertainties they were now facing, and the film Guermantes was released in September 2021 

Filmography
Novels
1995 : Tout contre Léo (jeunesse), turned into a film in 2002
1996 : C'est plus fort que moi (jeunesse)
1997 : Je joue très bien tout seul (jeunesse)
1997 : L'Affaire petit Marcel (jeunesse)
1997 : L’Infamille (Éditions de l'Olivier, ISBN 2-87929-143-7)
1998 : Zéro de lecture (jeunesse)
1998 : Une toute petite histoire d'amour (jeunesse)
1998 : Je ne suis pas une fille à papa (jeunesse)
1999 : Les Nuits où personne ne dort (jeunesse)
1999 : Mon cœur bouleversé  (jeunesse)
1999 : Bretonneries (jeunesse)
1999 : La Douceur (Éditions de L'Olivier, ISBN 2-87929-236-0)

Theatre and opera
Actor
1998: Les Débutantes
2001: Le Pire du troupeau
2004: Beautiful Guys
2005: Dionysos impuissant
2012: La Faculté
2012: Un jeune se tue
2012: Nouveau Roman
2015: Violentes femmes

Director
2009 : Angelo, Tyrant of Padua by Victor Hugo, Festival d'Avignon
2012 : Nouveau Roman, Festival d'Avignon, Théâtre national de la Colline
2013 : Dialogues of the Carmelites by Francis Poulenc, Opéra National de Lyon
2015 : Fin de l'Histoire by Witold Gombrowicz, Théâtre de Lorient
2015 : Pelléas et Mélisande by Claude Debussy, Opéra National de Lyon
2016 : Così fan tutte by Mozart, Aix-en-Provence Festival and Edinburgh International Festival
2018 : Don Carlos by Verdi, Opéra National de Lyon
2019 : Les Idoles by Christophe Honoré, Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe
2019 : Tosca by Puccini, Aix-en-Provence Festival
Passage 8:
Man at Bath
Man at Bath (French: Homme au bain) is a 2010 French film by Christophe Honoré starring François Sagat and Chiara Mastroianni  The film premiered in competition at Locarno International Film Festival in Switzerland in 2010 and was released in cinemas on 22 September 2010 
This is gay pornographic actor François Sagat's second major role in general release non-pornographic film as Emmanuel after his role in L A  Zombie  Director Christopher Honoré told French gay website Yagg com that he was interested in Sagat because he "redefines the notion of masculinity"  Sagat was the only actor to feature in two competition entries during the festival 

Plot
Right before departing to New York colleges to promote his latest collaborations, Omar (Omar Ben Sellem) goes through yet another impulsive fit from his boyfriend Emmanuel (François Sagat), resulting in rape  Resentful, Omar demands Emmanuel to be gone from his flat located in the outskirts of Paris before his return, and leaves  The two set out to live a separate series of vignettes depicting the ways the former lovers' mourn for each other 
Being a lustful, aspiring filmmaker, Omar sees his touring in upper New York as an opportunity to finally forget Emmanuel, indulging instead in disjointed recordings of his travel  Soon after, his camera work is centered on Dustin (Dustin Segura-Suarez): a young college student who is on vacation from Canada  Omar eagerly befriends and later seduces Dustin, openly portraying their desire for each other on film with an amateurish academic intent  In a matter of days, the artistic intentions in Omar's house movie devolve into a bisexual experience including Omar's professor 
Back in Paris, an animalistic Emmanuel - used to take pride on the universal praise for his body - is left broke and in denial  He resorts instead to shelter himself in Omar's place, living as carefree days as he can muster  Emmanuel goes from demanding unsolicited attentions from an upstairs neighbor who also is one of his clients as a hustler (Dennis Cooper), to hosting sexual encounters with Omar's acquaintances  All without avoiding his growing yearning for the better days with his ex, not even after luring an Omar's look-alike (Sebastian D'Azeglio) back into the apartment  After an intermission in which Emmanuel is confronted with his own collapsing lack of emotionality, he then clumsily refuses the advances of an underage boy who claims to be in need (Andréas Leflamand), nor engages in a bisexual threesome in exchange for a tip he reluctantly accepts from a successful old friend (Kate Moran)  The next day, Emmanuel begrudgingly succumbs to the advances from a teenager (Rabah Zahi), and uses the opportunity to sexually lash out on the boy  Finally, shortly before Omar's return, Emmanuel cries over the improvised mural he started days earlier on one of the walls in the apartment 
Not long after, Omar enters back into his apartment, stopping to contemplate the finished mural drawn by Emmanuel, who is nowhere to be seen 

Cast
François Sagat as Emmanuel
Chiara Mastroianni as Actress
Rabah Zahi as Rabah
Omar Ben Sellem as Omar
Kate Moran as Kate
Lahcen el Mazouzi as Hicham
Andréas Leflamand as Andréas
Ronald Piwele as Ronald
Sebastian D'Azeglio as Man with a moustache
Sébastien Pouderoux as Kate's fiancé
Dennis Cooper as Robin
Dustin Segura-Suarez
Passage 9:
Paul Scheuring
Paul T  Scheuring (born November 20, 1968) is an American screenwriter and director of films and television shows  His work includes the 2003 film A Man Apart and the creation of the television drama Prison Break, for which he was also credited as an executive producer and head writer 

Early life
Scheuring was born in Aurora, Illinois  Before his success, he had attended the UCLA School of Theater Film and Television and has worked as a courier cable installer and factory worker 

Career
After working on 36K in 2000 and A Man Apart in 2003, Scheuring made his first attempt to be a television show writer  After developing an idea given to him by a female colleague into a miniseries screenplay called Prison Break, he approached the Fox network with the script but was turned down due to its unconventional storyline  However, in 2004, after the successful premiere of Lost, Fox backed Prison Break's production and the first episode was aired approximately twenty months after Scheuring had written the script  The series proceeded to win the 2006 People's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama and was nominated for Best Drama Television Series at the 2006 Golden Globe Awards  Moreover, Prison Break was picked up by Fox for three more seasons  In 2005, he signed an overall deal with 20th Century Fox  He runs a production company, One Light Road Productions Scheuring has also co-written Mexicali, which was scheduled for release in 2010 

Future projects
Following the completion of Prison Break, Scheuring began production of AR2, a drama co-developed with The West Wing director/exec producer Thomas Schlamme  The series is about a group of Midwestern youths who spark a second American Revolution  AR2 will explore how the revolting college students -- as well as the military and the law enforcement officers who oppose them -- perceive patriotism  Scheuring lessened his work on Fox's Prison Break to focus on development and features through his Mercator Pictures, which he operates with partner Matt Fiorello  He has also produced Masterwork, a drama pilot script for Fox and 20th TV, and the Inferno-produced feature The Experiment 
Scheuring was also confirmed to be the writer for Halo: Nightfall  A 5 episode series which is based upon the video game franchise connecting the story line between Halo 4 and Halo 5: Guardians

Filmography
Passage 10:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Context 3: Passage 1:
John Willoughby, 8th Baron Willoughby of Parham
John Willoughby, 8th Baron Willoughby of Parham (1669–1678) was an English peer of the House of Lords He was born on 16 July 1669, the son of George Willoughby, 7th Baron Willoughby of Parham and Elizabeth Fiennes  On the death of his father in 1674, he succeeded as the 8th Baron Willoughby of Parham  However, he did not enjoy the title long, dying in early 1678  The barony was succeeded by his uncle, John Willoughby 
Passage 2:
Thomas Willoughby, 11th Baron Willoughby of Parham
Thomas Willoughby, 11th Baron Willoughby of Parham (c 1602–1691/92) was an English peer of the House of Lords  He was born in about 1602, son of Sir Thomas Willoughby and Mary Thornhaugh (Thornley), and grandson of Charles Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby of Parham and Lady Margaret Clinton 

Family
He married Eleanor Whittle, heiress and daughter of Hugh and Mary Whittle, of Horwich on 22 February 1639 (or 1640)  After marriage they lived at Old Lord's Farm in Horwich, the area is still known as 'Old Lords Estate', the family inherited leases of a substantial amount of land from Horwich Moor to Anderton through the will of Nicolas Whittle of Horwich, 1597 The freeholder Sir Thomas Barton commissioned a map of 1620 which shows the Whittle holdings reflected in a large area of field names on the Rivington side of Horwich   These land holdings passed to the Shaw family, distributed in the will of Honourable Elizabeth Shaw in 1797  Thomas and Eleanor had two sons and three daughters, Hugh, the eldest son and Francis who in 1696 married Eleanor Rothwell of Haigh  Their daughters were Mary who married Samuel Greenhalgh of Adlington, Sarah and Abigail  Eleanor died aged 67 in 1665 

Military and Civic Life
Thomas was a staunch puritan and is closely associated with dissenting religious bodies  During the English Civil War, he was a major and fought on the side of the Parliamentarians  He saw action in the first and second battles at Middlewich in 1643, and at the Bolton Massacre in 1644 

School Governor
He was a governor of Rivington Grammar School during the Commonwealth and after Restoration from 1650 until 1691  The school lacked income between 1650 and 1660 so Thomas travelled to London, York and Durham for affidavits and trials and secured the rental income for the school  In the school's records he is noted as Gentleman of Horwich  He served as Chairman of Governors in 1651, 1653–54, 1653, 1670, 1676 and 1683 

Succession
Thomas was called to parliament by writ 19 May 1685  subsequent to there being no other heir known at the time of the death of his cousin, Charles Willoughby, 10th Baron Willoughby of Parham in 1679  He was called to parliament as the 11th Baron Willoughby of Parham 1547 creation, however, the writ had created a new Barony and with it a new title of 1st Baron Willoughby of Parham (1685 creation) The title would have been inherited by Henry Willoughby, grandson of Sir Ambrose Willoughby, and great-grandson of Charles, the 2nd Baron  However, Henry Willoughby had emigrated to Virginia and his whereabouts was not known  The right to the first barony created by letters patent in 1547 was later claimed by a descendant of Henry Willoughby as 16th Baron Willoughby of Parham in 1767 

Death
Thomas died in 1691 aged 89 and was buried under the chancel by the east window at the old Horwich Parish Church  Thomas was succeeded by his eldest son Hugh as the 12th Baron Willoughby of Parham, 2nd Baron of the 1685 creation 
Passage 3:
Charles Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby of Parham
Charles Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby of Parham (c 1536/7 – d  1610–12) was the only son of William Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby of Parham, and Elizabeth Heneage 

Family
Charles Willoughby, born about 1536/7, was the only son of William Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby of Parham, Suffolk, and his first wife, Elizabeth Heneage, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Heneage of Hainton, Lincolnshire, by Katherine Skipwith, daughter of Sir John Skipwith of Ormsby 

Career
Willoughby matriculated at St  John's College, Cambridge at Easter, 1549  He succeeded to the title at his father's death on 30 July 1570  He held administrative offices in Lincolnshire, and was one of the commissioners who tried Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, for treason on 14 April 1589 Willoughby died between October 1610 and 26 October 1612  He was predeceased by his eldest son and heir, William, and the title passed to William's eldest son, who succeeded as 3rd Baron Willoughby of Parham 
The 3rd Baron's male heirs held the barony until Charles Willoughby, 10th Baron Willoughby of Parham (6 October 1650 – 9 December 1679), died without issue on 9 December 1679, when the title should have passed to the descendants of Sir Ambrose Willoughby, second son of the 2nd Baron  However Sir Ambrose Willoughby's descendants had emigrated to Virginia, and it was thought his male line was extinct  In consequence, the barony was wrongfully allowed to Thomas Willoughby (c 1602 – 29 February 1692), the fifth and youngest son of the 2nd Baron Charles Willoughby left his estate to his niece Elizabeth, who had married James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon, ancestor of the present Earl of Abingdon 

Marriage and issue
Willoughby married Margaret Clinton  Margaret was the third daughter of Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln, Lord High Admiral of England, by his first wife, Elizabeth Blount, the eldest daughter of Sir John Blount of Kinlet, Shropshire  Before marrying the Earl of Lincoln, Elizabeth Blount had been the wife of Gilbert Tailboys, 1st Baron Tailboys of Kyme (died 15 April 1530)  She was at one time the mistress of King Henry VIII, by whom she was the mother of his illegitimate son, Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset By Margaret Clinton Willoughby had five sons, William, Sir Ambrose, Edward, Charles and Thomas, and three daughters, Katherine, Margaret and Anne  The eldest five, William, Ambrose, Edward, Katherine and Margaret, were named in the will of their grandmother, Katherine Skipwith, on 10 January 1572, and were all under 20 years of age at that time  Another son, Richard, is attributed to Charles Willoughby and was likely had out of wedlock 
Willoughby's second son, Ambrose, was one of the Queen's esquires of the body, and in early 1598 was involved in a brawl with Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton



ground_truth: Prince Albert of Prussia

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where does the director of film Man At Bath work at?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Ambrose Willoughby had ordered Southampton to leave the presence chamber where he was playing at primero after the Queen had retired for the evening  Southampton struck Willoughby, and 'Willoughby puld of some of his locke', for which the Queen gave Willoughby thanks, saying 'he had done better if he had sent him to the porters lodge, to see who durst have fetch him out'  There is a suggestion that underlying the altercation was something Willoughby had said which caused trouble between Southampton and his mistress, Elizabeth Vernon, one of the Queen's Maids of Honour  The Queen forbade Southampton to present himself at court, although he was soon allowed back Ambrose Willoughby is also mentioned in a letter of 17 June 1602 from John Chamberlain to Sir Dudley Carleton: "Gray Bridges hath hurt Ambrose Willoughby in the heade and body, for abusing his father and himself at a conference of arbiterment twixt them and Mistris Bridges" Ambrose Willoughby was knighted in 1603 

Footnotes
Passage 4:
George Willoughby, 7th Baron Willoughby of Parham
George Willoughby, 7th Baron Willoughby of Parham (1638–1674) was an English peer of the House of Lords He was born at Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire, England on 18 March 1639, the son of William Willoughby, 6th Baron Willoughby of Parham and Anne Carey  On 9 October 1666, he married Elizabeth Clinton, daughter of Henry Clinton and Jane Markham  George and Elizabeth had three children: John Willoughby, 8th Baron Willoughby of Parham, his successor; Anne, who died in infancy; and Elizabeth, who married Hon  James Bertie, son of James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon  On the death of his father in 1673, he succeeded as the 7th Baron Willoughby of Parham  He died in Knaith, Lincolnshire, England in 1674, aged 35 
Passage 5:
Hugh Willoughby, 15th Baron Willoughby of Parham
Hugh, 15th Baron Willoughby of Parham  (1713 – 17 January 1765) was an English nobleman and hereditary peer of the House of Lords  He was born in 1713, the eldest son of Charles Willoughby, 14th Baron Willoughby of Parham and Hester, daughter of Henry Davenport of Little Lever and Darcy Lever, near Bolton  Hugh Willoughby's father died on 12 June 1715, aged 34, and the infant Hugh Willoughby became the 15th Baron Willoughby of Parham  He could not take his seat in the House of Lords until he reached the age of 21 

Life
Hugh Willoughby was born in Lancashire around 1711, he resided at Shaw Place Health Charnock  After his father's death Hugh Willoughby was placed under the joint guardianship of his mother and Reverend John Walker, the Presbyterian minister of Horwich chapel of ease  His mother, Hester Willoughby married James Walton of Wigan in 1717, soon after the death of her first husband, and under the terms of his will, forfeited joint guardianship  On his father's death, Hugh Willoughby was below the age of majority and was placed under the guardianship of Rev  John Walker, a Presbyterian minister  His mother, Ester daughter of Henry Davenport of Little Lever and Darcy Lever, Bolton had remarried to James Walton of Wigan in 1716, soon after the death of Charles Willoughby, 14th Baron Willoughby of Parham her late husband  Under the terms of her late husband's will, she forfeited joint guardianship  In 1717 Hugh Willoughby commenced school at Rivington Grammar School then a newly rebuilt school erected in 1714  The school was governed by local non-conformists  Hugh Willoughby in his early years attended the Rivington Unitarian Chapel  In this period Rivington Grammar school was having difficulty finding a non-conformist headmaster and it is believed this led to Hugh Willoughby being transferred to a Non-conformist school at Taunton, Somerset where he met a lifelong friend Israel Mauduit, the political pamphleteer  In 1732 he received the freedom of Dumfries in Scotland  His half-brother John Walton attended Glasgow University in 1736 and during the adult life of Hugh Willoughby all the Ministers at the Rivington Unitarian Chapel were from that University  His mother Ester Walton was interred at Horwich Parish Church on 16 Jan 1761 

Succession
In 1733, Hugh Willoughby was challenged by a rival claimant to the peerage, Henry Willoughby, a descendant of Sir Ambrose Willoughby, and the case was referred to the Chief Justice of the King's Bench  Sir Philip York (later Lord Hardwicke) championed Hugh Willoughby's cause 
As Henry Willoughby awaited his hearing, Hugh Willoughby spent his time travelling in Europe, his absence prevented the case being heard  However, on his return the case from Henry Willoughby was still not attended to by Hugh Willoughby or the Attorney General Hugh Willoughby gained a writ of summons to the House of Lords and took his seat on 1 February 1734, despite a caveat: his rival's petition was read to the house 

House of Lords
In his first year, he attended the Lords without missing a session  In the years 1735 to 1739, he was noted for his non-attendance, then after 1742 attended without fail  In addition to his duties in the Lords he was elected Vice-President of the Royal Society in 1752 and President of the Society of Antiquaries in 1754  Other positions included Vice-President of the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts, Trustee for the British Museum and a Commissioner on the Board of Longitude  From 1758 until 1762 he was governor at Rivington Grammar School and was a trustee of Blackrod Grammar School from 1736 although he did not attend meetings  He aided the foundation of the Warrington Academy Hugh Willoughby chaired a committee of the House of Lords a year after taking his seat  Philip Yorke wrote that Willoughby was "eminently useful in the dispatch of the ordinary business" of the Lords, and "had a thorough and accurate knowledge of the forms and usage of Parliament"  He played a significant role in committee work between 1739–40  In 1758, with twenty years' continuous experience, he took over the position of Chairman of Committees of the House of Lords on a temporary basis following the illness of the 8th Earl of Warwick  By 12 November 1759, he was the permanent Chairman of Committees, a position he held until his death  During his lifetime he had served 58 times as Chair of Committees and served on 227 select committees In 1744 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and served as their vice-president on two occasions 

Death
Hugh Willoughby died without issue on 22 January 1765 in London  Though a prominent dissenter, he was buried in the chancel of an earlier Horwich Church on 9 February 1765, the Church was rebuilt further away from the road in 1830, his grave is now within the current Parish Church graveyard   He left his distant cousin, Henry Willoughby, heir to the barony, and property in Rivington and Anglezarke to his sisters, Helen Roscoe and Elizabeth Shaw



ground_truth: Cahiers du cinéma

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is Charles Willoughby, 10Th Baron Willoughby Of Parham's paternal grandmother?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  In memory of the family there is a monument at Rivington Unitarian Chapel  The Willoughby pew, bearing its original brass nameplate on the south wall of the chapel has been preserved and is noted for its large ornate canopy with panelled reredos and a moulded and carved cornice in the classical style 
Passage 6:
Henry Willoughby, 16th Baron Willoughby of Parham
Henry Willoughby, 16th Baron Willoughby of Parham (1696 – 29 January 1775) was an English peer of the House of Lords On the death of Charles Willoughby, 10th Baron Willoughby of Parham, who died without male heir on 9 December 1679, the title should have passed to the descendants of Sir Ambrose Willoughby of Matson, second son of Charles Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby of Parham who died in 1603  The title instead had passed to the nephew of Sir Ambrose, Thomas Willoughby, who became the 11th baron  Sir Ambrose Willoughby had two sons, Edward and Richard  Edward's son was Henry, who emigrated to the Colony of Virginia in 1676, then one of the  Thirteen Colonies, whose whereabouts were unknown  Henry died in Hull Creek, Virginia on 26 November 1685, aged 59  His son, also Henry, was then aged 20  Henry married Elizabeth, daughter of William Pigeon of Stepney, with whom he had a son who was also named Henry Henry Willoughby had twice been master of the Company of Brewers in London, a Justice of the Peace and colonel of the 2nd Regiment of Militia of the Tower Hamlets  Henry Willoughby married Susannah, daughter Robert Gresswell of Middlesex and had a daughter, Elizabeth who married John Halsey of Tower Hill Henry Willoughby first petitioned for his seat in the House of Lords in 1733, his case was not heard  His petition was accepted after the death of Hugh Willoughby, 15th Baron Willoughby of Parham and he took his seat on 25 April 1767 to become the 16th baron  Henry Willoughby died on 29 January 1775, aged 79, without male heir and the title passed to his nephew 

Notes
The Records of a Lancashire Family - Shaw, 1940
Burke John, A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage of England, Ireland and Scotland 1831 
Passage 7:
John Willoughby, 9th Baron Willoughby of Parham
John Willoughby, 9th Baron Willoughby of Parham (1643–1678) was an English peer of the House of Lords He was born in Stanstead Bury, near Stanstead Abbotts, Hertfordshire, England on 29 December 1643, the son of William Willoughby, 6th Baron Willoughby of Parham and Anne Carey  He married Anne Bolterton (died circa 3 October 1683)  On the death of his nephew John in early 1678, he succeeded as the 9th Baron Willoughby of Parham  However, a few months later he died without issue in September 1678  The barony was succeeded by his younger brother, Charles Willoughby 
Passage 8:
Charles Willoughby, 10th Baron Willoughby of Parham
Charles Willoughby, 10th Baron Willoughby of Parham was an English peer of the House of Lords He succeeded to the title in September 1678 on the death of John Willoughby, 9th Baron Willoughby of Parham  Charles Willoughy was the male heir and descendant from the first creation of the barony that commenced with Sir William Willoughby 1st Baron Willoughby of Parham in 1547 and was the last male heir of the eldest line  Charles Willoughby married Marie daughter of Sir Beaumont Dixie, Bart of Bosworth  He died without a male heir on 9 December 1679  The first creation by letters patent stipulated the title must pass to heirs male of Sir William Willoughby 1st Baron Willoughby of Parham 
Charles Willoughby, 10th Baron Willoughby of Parham died without issue and left his estate to his niece Elizabeth, who had married James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon 

Second Creation
On the death of the 10th Lord Willoughby, the title should have passed to the line of the next son of Charles 2nd Lord Willoughby, who was Sir Ambrose Willoughby, and then through his line to the eldest son, Edward Willoughby, and then Henry; however the family had emigrated to Virginia and it was believed this male line was extinct  The title passed instead through the line of Thomas the youngest son of Charles Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby of Parham and his sons to Thomas Willoughby, who had married Eleanor Whittle, daughter of Hugh Whittle, a staunch Presbyterian yeoman of Horwich, Lancashire, England  The Writ of Summons by the monarch to the hereditary peerage in parliament of the successor created a second Barony of Parham in fee and inheritable by his heirs general 
Passage 9:
Henry Willoughby, 4th Baron Willoughby of Parham
Henry Willoughby, 4th Baron Willoughby of Parham (1612–1617) was an English peer of the House of Lords He was born in about November 1612, the son of William Willoughby, 3rd Baron Willoughby of Parham, and Frances Manners, daughter of John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland  On the death of his father in 1617, he succeeded as the 4th Baron Willoughby of Parham  However, he did not enjoy the title long, dying in infancy on about 14 October 1617  The barony was succeeded by his brother, Francis Willoughby 
Passage 10:
William Willoughby, 6th Baron Willoughby of Parham
William Willoughby, 6th Lord Willoughby (c  1616 – 10 April 1673) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons and later in the House of Lords  In 1666 he inherited the peerage of Baron Willoughby of Parham, and from 1667 he served as Governor of Barbados (1667 – 1673) Willoughby was the third son of William Willoughby, 3rd Baron Willoughby of Parham, and his wife Lady Frances Manners, daughter of John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland  He was educated at Eton College from 1623 to 1624  In 1636 he travelled abroad in Italy  He was a student of the Middle Temple in 1652 In 1660 Willoughby was elected a Member of Parliament for Midhurst in the Convention Parliament  He was commissioner for plantations from December 1660 until 1667  On the death in 1666 of his brother Francis Willoughby, 5th Lord Willoughby of Parham, who died without a male heir, he succeeded to his hereditary peerage and to his seat in the House of Lords  From 1667 until his death he was Governor of Barbados, revisiting England occasionally and retaining his other offices 
Willoughby died in Barbados in 1673, and his body was brought back to Lincolnshire, to be buried at Knaith Willoughby married Anne, daughter of Philip Cary (MP for Woodstock) of Aldenham, Hertfordshire, by 1637  They had a daughter, Frances, who married Charles Kirkhoven, 1st Earl of Bellomont 



ground_truth: Lady Frances Manners