prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both films, The Glass Castle (1950 Film) and The Ferret (Film), have the directors who are from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Michel Barbey
Michel Barbey (1927-) is a French stage, film, and television actor known for his comic roles  He starred in the 1950 film Dominique 

Selected filmography
Lawless Roads (1947)
Rendezvous in July (1949)
The Wolf (1949)
Cartouche, King of Paris (1950)
Dominique (1950)
The Girl with the Whip (1952)
The Secret of the Mountain Lake (1952)
Their Last Night (1953)
The Case of Doctor Laurent (1957)
La Horse (1970)
Passage 2:
Chris Segar
Chris Segar is a Welsh television presenter best known for presenting the consumer affairs programme The Ferret since 1996 

Career
Chris Segar started his career as a daily newspaper reporter and from 1963 (maybe) worked for Radio Clwyd and BBC Wales before moving to ITV Wales, where he has specialised in presenting current affairs programmes such as Wales This Week and The Ferret  He has also directed and produced documentary programmes Segar has also presented Welsh and Wealthy and Segar On Success on ITV1 Wales 

Personal life
Segar is married and has a son, daughter, stepson, and six grandchildren  He lives in Cardiff and also has a home in France 
Passage 3:
René Clément
René Clément (French: [ʁəne klemɑ̃]; 18 March 1913 – 17 March 1996) was a French film director and screenwriter  He is known for directing the films The Battle of the Rails (1946), Forbidden Games (1952), Gervaise (1956), Purple Noon (1960), and Is Paris Burning (1966)  He received numerous accolades including five prizes at the Cannes Film Festival and the Honorary César in 1984 

Early life
Clément studied architecture at the École des Beaux-Arts where he developed an interest in filmmaking  In 1936, he directed his first film, a 20-minute short written by and featuring Jacques Tati  Clément spent the latter part of the 1930s making documentaries in parts of the Middle East and Africa  In 1937, he and archaeologist Jules Barthou were in Yemen making preparations to film a documentary, the first ever of that country and one that includes the only known film image of Imam Yahya 

Career
Almost ten years passed before Clément directed a feature but his French Resistance film, La Bataille du rail (1945), gained much critical and commercial success  From there Clément became one of his country's most successful and respected directors, garnering numerous awards including two films that won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the first in 1950 for The Walls of Malapaga (Au-delà des grilles) and the second time two years later for Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)  Clément had international success with several films but his star-studded 1966 epic Is Paris Burning?, written by Gore Vidal and Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Paul Graetz was a costly box office failure 
He began directing Play Dirty (a k a  Written in the Sand) but quit early in production due to disputes with the film's producer Harry Saltzman  He directed the thriller Joy House (1964) with Jane Fonda and Alain Delon  
In May 2023 On Watch What Happens Live! with Andy Cohen, Fonda alleged that Clément sexually harassed her during the film's production telling her that the film involved a love scene and that she needed to sleep with him so that he could judge her orgasm  During the production he was 51 and she was 27 In 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival  Clément continued to make a few films until his retirement in 1975, including an international success with Rider on the Rain that starred Charles Bronson and Marlène Jobert  In 1984 the French motion picture industry honored his lifetime contribution to film with a special César Award 

Personal life
Clément's second wife was Irish-born screenwriter Johanna Harwood whom he had met on the set of his 1954 film Monsieur Ripois 

Death
Clément died on 17 March 1996, a day before his 83rd birthday and was buried in the local cemetery in Menton on the French Riviera where he had spent his years in retirement 

Films
Director
Soigne ton gauche, 1936
Paris la nuit, 1939
La Bataille du rail (Battle of the Rails), 1946
Le Père tranquille (Mr  Orchid), 1946
Les Maudits (The Damned), 1947
Au-delà des grilles (The Walls of Malapaga), 1949
Le Château de verre (Glass Castle), 1950
Jeux interdits (Forbidden Games), 1952
Monsieur Ripois (Knave of Hearts), 1954
Gervaise, 1956
This Angry Age (Barrage contre le Pacifique, La Diga sul Pacifico), 1958
Plein soleil (Purple Noon), 1960
Quelle joie de vivre (The Joy of Living, Che gioia vivere), 1961
Le Jour et l'Heure (The Day and the Hour), 1963
Les Félins (Love Cage/Joy House), 1964
Paris brûle-t-il? (Is Paris Burning?), 1966
Le Passager de la pluie (Rider on the Rain), 1969
La Maison sous les arbres (The Deadly Trap), 1971
La Course du lièvre à travers les champs (   and Hope to Die), 1972
La Baby-Sitter (Wanted: Babysitter), 1975

Actor
Plein soleil (1960) - Le serveur maladroit (uncredited)
The Joy of Living (1963) - French General
Yoroppa tokkyu (1984) - (final film role)

Accolades
1946: International Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival - La Bataille du rail (Battle of the Rails)
1949: Cannes Film Festival Best Director award - Au-delà des grilles (The Walls of Malapaga)
1952: Lion d'or at the Venice Film Festival - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1952: New York Film Critics Circle Awards for Best Foreign Language Film - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1953: BAFTA Award for Best Film - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1954: Prix du jury at Cannes Film Festival - Monsieur Ripois (Lover Boy)
1956: Lion d'or at the Venice Film Festival - Gervaise
1956: BAFTA Award for Best Film - Gervaise
Passage 4:
The War of the Volcanoes
The War of the Volcanoes (Italian original title La guerra dei vulcani) is a 2012 documentary film directed by Francesco Patierno detailing the filming of Roberto Rossellini's 1950 film Stromboli starring Ingrid Bergman and the 1950 film Volcano starring Anna Magnani 

External links
The War of the Volcanoes at IMDb
Passage 5:
The Glass Castle (2017 film)
The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham, and Marti Noxon  It is based on Jeannette Walls' 2005 best-selling memoir of the same name  Depicting Walls' childhood,  where her family lived in poverty and sometimes as squatters, the film stars Brie Larson as Walls, with Naomi Watts, Woody Harrelson, Max Greenfield, and Sarah Snook in supporting roles 
The Glass Castle was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics  They praised the performances of its cast, particularly Larson, but criticized the emotional tones and adaptation  The film grossed $22 million in North America 

Plot
As a child, Jeannette Walls lives a nomadic life with her painter mother Rose, her intelligent but irresponsible father Rex, older sister Lori, and younger brother Brian  While cooking unsupervised, Jeannette is severely burned  At the hospital, a doctor and social worker question her home life, but Rex distracts the staff and escapes with Jeannette  The family leaves town, and Jeannette is enchanted by Rex’s plans for the family’s dream house, a glass castle 
The family soon includes Jeannette’s infant sister Maureen, and remains on the move for years, eventually relocating to a dilapidated house in Utah  Jeannette nearly drowns when a drunk Rex aggressively teaches her to swim  He assaults the lifeguard, forcing the family – now pursued by the law and with no money – to go to Welch, West Virginia, where the children meet their grandparents and uncle Stanley  
Rex moves his family into a ramshackle house in the wilderness, living without running water, gas, or electricity  When the family has not eaten in days, Rex takes their remaining money to buy food, but returns home drunk after a fight  Sewing up his wound, Jeannette asks him to stop drinking, and Rex ties himself to his bed, successfully enduring withdrawal  He lands a job as a construction worker and the family enjoys a comfortable Christmas 
The parents attend the funeral of Rose’s mother in Texas, leaving the children with their grandparents in Welch  The sisters discover Erma sexually assaulting Brian and attack her, but are pulled away by Stanley  When their parents return, Rex refuses to listen to his children about the incident  The family returns home and he resumes drinking, leading to a violent altercation with Rose  Jeannette is unable to convince her mother to leave Rex, and the siblings promise to care for each other and escape their poverty 
As a teenager, Jeannette is drawn to journalism  The siblings have now saved enough money for Lori to leave for New York City, infuriating Rex; Jeannette prepares to do the same  Erma dies, and after the funeral, Jeannette is pulled into her father’s scheme to hustle his acquaintance Robbie at pool  He loses to Rex and unwittingly reveals Jeannette’s plan to move to New York City  She accompanies Robbie upstairs and he attempts to rape her, but she shows her scars from her childhood burns and leaves  
At home, she discovers her father has stolen her savings, but escapes from home anyway  Attending college in New York City, Jeannette faces financial difficulties and prepares to drop out, but Rex arrives with a pile of gambling winnings, telling her to follow her dreams 
By 1989, Jeannette is a gossip columnist for New York magazine and engaged to marry David, a financial analyst  At dinner with a client of David’s, Jeannette lies about her parents  On the way home, she sees her now-homeless parents dumpster diving  She later meets with her mother, who is dismissive of her engagement  Jeannette and David visit her family at the abandoned building where her parents are squatting  Brian, now a police officer, and Lori live comfortably, but Maureen has moved in with their parents  Rex and David drunkenly arm wrestle and David wins, but Rex punches him in the nose anyway  Returning home, David tells Jeannette that he wants nothing more to do with her parents 
Maureen calls Jeannette to explain that she is moving to California  At her engagement party, Jeannette discovers that her parents have owned valuable land – now worth almost $1 million – since she was a child, but chose never to sell  Furious at Rex’s refusal to admit to the pain he caused his family, Jeannette bans him from her life  Some time later, Jeannette is unhappily married to David  Rose reaches out to tell her Rex is dying, but Jeannette refuses to see him  At dinner with another of David’s clients, Jeannette finds the courage to reveal the truth about her parents  She races to her father, and they reconcile before he dies  The following Thanksgiving, Jeannette – now a freelance writer living alone – celebrates with her family, reminiscing about Rex’s unconventional life 

Cast
Brie Larson as Jeannette Walls
Chandler Head as Jeannette Walls (age 8)
Ella Anderson as Jeannette Walls (age 11)
Naomi Watts as Rose Mary Walls
Woody Harrelson as Rex Walls
Sarah Snook as Lori Walls
Olivia Kate Rice as Lori Walls (age 10)
Sadie Sink as Lori Walls (age 13)
Josh Caras as Brian Walls
Iain Armitage as Brian Walls (age 6)
Charlie Shotwell as Brian Walls (age 9)
Brigette Lundy-Paine as Maureen Walls
Charlie and Noemie Guyon as Baby Maureen Walls
Eden Grace Redfield as three-year-old Maureen Walls
Shree Crooks as Young Maureen Walls
Max Greenfield as David
Dominic Bogart as Robbie
Joe Pingue as Uncle Stanley
Robin Bartlett as Erma

Production
In April 2012, Lionsgate was reported to have acquired the rights to the book and Jennifer Lawrence was in talks to star in the film  In October 2013, it was noted that director Destin Daniel Cretton was in talks to direct the film and re-write the screenplay with Andrew Lanham from a previous draft by Marti Noxon  In October 2015, Brie Larson joined the cast of the film, replacing Lawrence; she had exited the film after a prolonged search for a male lead  In November 2015, Woody Harrelson joined the cast of the film as the father  In March 2016, Naomi Watts joined the cast as the mother  In April 2016, Max Greenfield and Sarah Snook joined the cast  In May 2016, Ella Anderson joined the cast Principal photography began on May 20, 2016, in Welch, West Virginia 

Release
The Glass Castle was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate 

Box office
The Glass Castle grossed $22 million in the United States and Canada In North America, The Glass Castle was released alongside The Nut Job 2: Nutty by Nature and Annabelle: Creation, and was projected to gross around $5 million from 1,461 theaters in its opening weekend  The film made $1 7 million on its first day and $4 7 million over the weekend, finishing 9th at the box office  The film made $2 6 million in its second weekend (a drop of 45 5%), finishing 12th 

Critical response
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 164 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "The Glass Castle has an affecting real-life story and an outstanding performance by Brie Larson, but these aren't enough to outweigh a fundamentally misguided approach to the material " On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score 56 out of 100, based on reviews from 39 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers said the film "peddles easy uplift instead of cold, hard truths" and gave it two stars out of four, saying, "Hollywood has a knack for sanitizing books that deserve better  In the case of The Glass Castle, it's a damn shame " Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film two out of four stars and was equally critical for its presentation, writing: "   a film that presents overwhelming evidence of Rex and Rose Mary as appalling human beings for 90 percent of the journey, and then asks us to give them a break? No sale "
Passage 6:
Brigette Lundy-Paine
Brigette Lundy-Paine (born August 10, 1994) is an American actor  They first came to prominence for portraying Casey Gardner on all four seasons of the Netflix comedy-drama Atypical (2017–2021)  In 2020, Lundy-Paine achieved further recognition for playing Billie Logan, the daughter of Ted Logan, in the science fiction comedy film Bill & Ted Face the Music 

Personal life
Born August 10, 1994, in Dallas, Texas, Brigette Lundy-Paine is the child of Laura Lundy and Robert Paine, who are both actors and directors, and has a younger brother  When Lundy-Paine was two years old, their family moved to Alameda, California  In 2012, they graduated from Encinal High School, where they were a cheerleader  They graduated from New York University in 2015 On November 8, 2019, Lundy-Paine came out as non-binary, going by they/them pronouns, and had previously said they are queer  They have also been involved as an activist, including participating in the Black Lives Matter movement 

Career
Lundy-Paine is known for their portrayal of Casey Gardner on the television series Atypical   Lundy-Paine also co-founded the "vocal band" Subtle Pride, as well as Waif Magazine, an art publication 

Filmography
Passage 7:
Raymond Leboursier
Raymond Leboursier (22 May 1917 – 26 July 1987) was a French film editor, film director, actor, and screenwriter 

Filmography
Actor
1930: Le Réquisitoire (first title of the film: Homicide) by Dimitri Buchowetzki
1931: The Devil's Holiday by Alberto Cavalcanti: Monk McConnell
1931: À mi-chemin du ciel by Alberto Cavalcanti
1932: Une jeune fille et un million by Fred Ellis and Max Neufeld
1934: Un de la montagne by Serge de Poligny
1934: Château de rêve by Géza von Bolváry and Henri-Georges Clouzot

Director
1942: Les Petits Riens
1945: Naïs, directed with Marcel Pagnol
1949: Menace de mort (film)
1949: Le Furet
1951: La vie est un jeu
1952: La femme à l'orchidée
1959: Henri Gagnon organiste
1960: Le Prix de la science (short film)
1961: Dubois et fils (documentary), codirected with Bernard Devlin
1969: Les Gros Malins

Assistant director
1948: Les Parents terribles by Jean Cocteau

Film editor
1936: Les Petites Alliées de Jean Dréville
1937: Les Nuits blanches de Saint-Pétersbourg de Jean Dréville
1937: Les Hommes de proie de Willy Rozier
1938: His Uncle from Normandy de Jean Dréville
1938: The Chess Player de Jean Dréville
1938: Rasputin de Marcel L'Herbier
1939: Entente cordiale by Marcel L'Herbier
1940: Marseille mes amours by Jacques Daniel-Norman
1940: President Haudecoeur by Jean Dréville
1941: L'An 40 by Fernand Rivers
1941: Un chapeau de paille d'Italie (1941 film) by Maurice Cammage
1942: Le journal tombe à cinq heures by Georges Lacombe
1942: Monsieur La Souris by Georges Lacombe
1943: Domino by Roger Richebé
1948: The Eagle with Two Heads by Jean Cocteau
1949: The Cupid Club by Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon
1953: Their Last Night by Georges Lacombe
1953: La Belle de Cadix by Raymond Bernard
1955: Les Fruits de l'été by Raymond Bernard
1955: The Light Across the Street by Georges Lacombe
1956: Babes a GoGo by Paul Mesnier
1957: Les Suspects by Jean Dréville
1958: Les Mains nettes by Claude Jutra
1959: Les Brûlés by Bernard Devlin
1960: Walk down Any Street (short film) by Bernard Devlin
1967: Comment les séduire de Jean-Claude Roy
1967: The Viscount by Maurice Cloche

External links
Raymond Leboursier at IMDb
Passage 8:
The Glass Castle (1950 film)
The Glass Castle (French: Le Château de verre) is a 1950 French romantic drama film directed by René Clément who co-wrote the screenplay with Gian Bistolfi and Pierre Bost, based on the 1935 novel Das große Einmaleins by Vicki Baum  The film stars Michèle Morgan and Jean Marais, Jean Servais (French version), Fosco Giachetti (Italian version) and Elisa Cegani 
The film's sets were designed by the art director Léon Barsacq 

Main characters
Michèle Morgan as  Evelyne Lorin-Bertal
Jean Marais as  Rémy Marsay
Jean Servais as  Laurent Bertal (French version)
Fosco Giachetti as  Laurent Bertal (Italian version)
Elisa Cegani as  Eléna
Elina Labourdette as  Marion
Giovanna Galletti as  Louise Morel - l'accusée
André Carnège as  Le secrétaire
Roger Dalphin as  Marcel
Albert Michel as  Le charmeur d'oiseaux
Colette Régis as  La tenancière de l'hôtel
Allain Dhurtal as  Le procureur

See also
Rendezvous in Paris (1982 film)
Passage 9:
Destin Daniel Cretton
Destin Daniel Cretton  is an American filmmaker  He is best known for his films Short Term 12 (2013), The Glass Castle (2017), Just Mercy (2019) and the Marvel Studios film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021)  He has also been tapped to direct Marvel Studios' Avengers: The Kang Dynasty (2026) 

Early life
Cretton was born in 1978 in Haiku, Hawaii on the island of Maui  He is of half-Japanese descent  He was home-schooled by his Christian mother  His sister Joy is a costume designer who has worked on several of Destin's projects  He lived in Haiku in a two-bedroom house with his five siblings, until he was 19 years old  He moved to San Diego, California to attend Point Loma Nazarene University, where he majored in communications  After graduating, Cretton worked for two years as a staff person at a group home for at-risk teenagers He made short films as a hobby, which developed as a vocational path  He attended and graduated from film school at San Diego State University 

Career
While at San Diego State University, Cretton made a 22-minute short film, Short Term 12, based on his experiences at the facility for teenagers  The short film premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking  After graduating from film school, Cretton made his feature directorial debut with the 90 minute film, I Am Not a Hipster, which premiered at Sundance on January 20, 2012  The film was produced by Ron Najor, who would later go on to produce the feature adaptation of Short Term 12 alongside Maren Olson, Asher Goldstein, and Joshua Astrachan  Cretton's feature-length screenplay won one of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting in 2010 The film premiered on March 10, 2013, at South by Southwest, where it won the Grand Jury and Audience Awards for a Narrative Feature  Widely acclaimed as one of the best films of 2013, it was listed on many film critics' annual top ten lists  The film earned several accolades, including three Independent Spirit Award nominations In 2014, Cretton was attached to rewrite the script and direct The Glass Castle, an adaptation of Jeannette Walls' 2005 best-selling memoir of the same name about a successful young woman raised by severely dysfunctional parents  Starring Brie Larson, the film also features Woody Harrelson and Naomi Watts as her alcoholic father and eccentric mother, respectively  Larson's role was originally considered by Jennifer Lawrence, but she dropped out while the studio was seeking the male lead  The film was released on August 10, 2017  It received mixed reviews from critics; they praised the performances of its cast (particularly Larson and Harrelson) but criticized the emotional tones and adaptation of the source material In 2016, it was announced that Ryan Coogler had teamed up with Cretton and poet/playwright Chinaka Hodge to develop Minors, a television drama series produced by Charles D  King  Drawing from Cretton's experiences working in residential foster care, Hodge's background teaching under-served youth in San Francisco Bay area continuation schools and Coogler's upbringing in the East Bay, Minors promises to take an unflinching look at institutionalization, exploring juvenile facilities and the children who grow up in that system  The series will show how that system shapes young people over a one-year period  Hodge will write the series, and Coogler and Cretton will direct 

Cretton subsequently teamed with Larson and Michael B  Jordan for Just Mercy, a drama film based on civil rights defense attorney Bryan Stevenson's New York Times bestselling memoir: Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption  Stevenson founded the Equal Justice Initiative in Montgomery, Alabama, where he provided defense counsel to men on death row  The plot follows Stevenson (Jordan) as he explores the case of a death row prisoner, Walter McMillian, whom he fought to free  The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2019, and was theatrically released on December 25, 2019, by Warner Bros  Pictures  Just Mercy was critically acclaimed In March 2019, Cretton was hired by Marvel Studios to direct a film based on Shang-Chi  Both the film and Cretton's involvement were confirmed during the San Diego Comic-Con 2019, with the film being titled Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings  The film, which is Marvel's first superhero movie tentpole franchise with an Asian protagonist, stars Simu Liu as the title character, with Tony Leung Chiu-wai and Awkwafina co-starring  On January 5, 2020, Cretton said that he signed up to the project because he wanted "to give [his] son a superhero to look up to"  The film was set to be released on February 12, 2021, but was delayed to May 7 and later July 9 due to the COVID-19 pandemic   During the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, Shang-Chi's production in Australia was temporarily suspended while Cretton self-isolated  Production was halted on March 12, 2020, and resumed in August 2020 and concluded in October 2020  Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings was released in theaters on September 3, 2021  In December 2021, Cretton signed a deal with Marvel Studios and Hulu's Onyx Collective to develop a Shang-Chi sequel and new Disney+ MCU series through his production banner Family Owned  In June 2022, the series was revealed to be in early development and titled Wonder Man, centered on the character Simon Williams / Wonder Man, with Cretton expected to direct episodes of the series and to develop it with head writer Andrew Guest  In July, Cretton was confirmed as the director of Avengers: The Kang Dynasty for Marvel Studios 

Personal life
In 2016, Cretton married fashion designer Nicola "Nikki" Chapman  They have two children 

Filmography
Film

Television
Passage 10:
The Ferret (film)
The Ferret (French: Le furet) is a 1950 French crime film directed by Raymond Leboursier and starring Jany Holt, Colette Darfeuil and Pierre Renoir  It was based on a novel by Stanislas-André Steeman  It features the character of Inspector Wens, who had appeared in several other films including The Murderer Lives at Number 21  Location shooting took place around Paris including the city's Orly Airport  The film's sets were designed by the art director Roland Quignon 

Synopsis
A mysterious figure signing himself "The Ferret" keeps sending letters to the police, tipping them off about murders that are to be committed around Paris  Among those caught up in the police manhunt is a fraudulent clairvoyant 

Main cast
Jany Holt as Cécile
Colette Darfeuil as Louise Heller
Pierre Renoir as Le docteur Darvel-Juste
Jacques Baumer as Commissaire Hyacinthe
Jean-Jacques Delbo as Ludovic
Pierre Larquey as Monsieur Thiais
Jean Tissier as Monsieur de Thomaz
Jacqueline Delubac as Madame de Lanier
Charles Dechamps as Lecartier
Marguerite Deval as Madame Chapuis
Pierre Jourdan as L'inspecteur Wens
Context 2: Passage 1:
John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)
John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957 

Surrey cricketer
McMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29  In the first innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs In his first full season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in the space of 6 3 overs for seven runs  This would remain the best bowling performance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later  In the following game, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth  In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28 07  As a tail-end left-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4 22 The emergence of Tony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career  Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets  In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times  In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's County Championship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12 38 runs apiece, while McMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21 53  At the end of the 1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of the County Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries 

Somerset cricketer
Somerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with support from the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service  McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement of Horace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed to realise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly 
McMahon instantly became a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, not missing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957, after which he did not play in the Championship again In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellow newcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spin bowlers, McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the rest of the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their own batsmen," it said  McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27 47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higher average)  His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the first innings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of his career  He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of the table 
The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28 77 apiece  There was a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the batting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9 03  This included his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome  A week later in Somerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46 runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clever variation of flight and spin"  These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955 season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourth season running At the end of the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956 season, with Langford returning from National Service as the main support  McMahon responded with his most successful season so far, taking 103 wickets at an average of 25 57, the only season in his career in which he exceeded 100 wickets  The bowling average improved still further in 1957 to 23 10 when McMahon took 86 wickets  But his season came to an abrupt end in mid-August 1957 when, after 108 consecutive Championship matches, he was dropped from the first team during the Weston-super-Mare festival  Though he played some games for the second eleven later in August, he regained his place in the first team for only a single end-of-season friendly match, and he was told that his services were not required for the future, a decision, said Wisden, that "proved highly controversial" 

Sacked by Somerset
The reason behind McMahon's sacking did not become public knowledge for many years  In its obituary of him in 2002, McMahon was described by Wisden as "a man who embraced the antipodean virtues of candour and conviviality"  It went on: "Legend tells of a night at the Flying Horse Inn in Nottingham when he beheaded the gladioli with an ornamental sword, crying: 'When Mac drinks, everybody drinks!'" The obituary recounts a further escapade in second eleven match at Midsomer Norton where a curfew imposed on the team was circumvented by "a POW-type loop" organised by McMahon, "with his team-mates escaping through a ground-storey window and then presenting themselves again"  As the only Somerset second eleven match that McMahon played in at Midsomer Norton was right at the end of the 1957 season, this may have been the final straw  But in any case there had been "an embarrassing episode at Swansea's Grand Hotel" earlier in the season, also involving Jim Hilton, who was also dismissed at the end of the season  Team-mates and club members petitioned for McMahon to be reinstated, but the county club was not to be moved 
After a period in Lancashire League cricket with Milnrow Cricket Club, McMahon moved back to London where he did office work, later contributing some articles to cricket magazines 


== Notes and references ==
Passage 2:
Abdul Ali Lalu
AFM Abdul Ali Lalu (20 October 1932 – 21 July 2008) was a Bangladeshi film and television actor mostly in a comedic role  He was notable for his on-screen catchphrase "Koinchhen Dehi" in the television show Jodi Kichu Mone Na Koren, hosted by Fazle Lohani  He acted in more than 100 films 

Early life and career
Lalu was born in Charpara Sehara in Mymensingh to Wajed Ali and Zobeda Khatun  He first acted in a drama titled Palli Samaj, directed by his father  In 1960, he moved to Dhaka for opportunities Lalu was an artiste of Bangladesh Television and Bangladesh Betar  He debuted in film acting through the film Surya Snan (1962)  Earlier, he worked as an assistant director with  Abdul Jabber Khan in the film Mukh O Mukhosh (1956)  He performed in the comic serial Triratna, plays Gharua, Anwara and magazine programme Bahurupi 

Personal life
Lalu was an employee of Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board until his retirement in 1989  He was married to Halima Khatun 

Works
Films
Passage 3:
Antoine Casavant
Antoine Casavant (October 20, 1826 – July 18, 1892) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec  He represented Bagot in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1881 to 1886 as a Conservative  His name also appears as Antoine Casavant dit Ladébauche 
He was born in Saint-Hyacinthe, Lower Canada, the son of Antoine Casavant dit Ladébauche and Marie Benoît, and was educated at the Séminaire de Saint-Hyacinthe  Casavant served as a captain in the militia, a justice of the peace and a commissioner for the trial of minor causes  He was also president of the agricultural society for Bagot County and a member of the Quebec agricultural council  He helped found a beet sugar plant at Farnham  He was married twice: to Rosalie Piedalue in 1850 and to Marie-Hermine Vachon in 1868  Casavant served on the municipal council for Saint-Dominique  He ran unsuccessfully for the Saint-Hyacinthe seat in the Quebec assembly in 1878 and 1879  Casavant died in Saint-Dominique at the age of 65 
Passage 4:
Henry Moore (cricketer)
Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand 

Life and family
Henry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849  He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch  One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted  Their great 
grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805  One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch  He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son  In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died
Context 3: Passage 1:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 
Passage 2:
Fred Williamson
Frederick Robert Williamson (born March 5, 1938), also known as "the Hammer", is an American actor and former professional American football defensive back who played mainly in the American Football League (AFL) during the 1960s  Williamson has had a busy film career, starring as Tommy Gibbs in the 1973 crime drama film Black Caesar and its sequel Hell Up in Harlem  Williamson also had roles in other 1970s blaxploitation films such as Hammer (1972), That Man Bolt (1973) and Three the Hard Way (1974) 

Early life and education
Born in Gary, Indiana, Williamson was the oldest child born to Frank, a welder and Lydia Williamson  Williamson attended Froebel High School, where he ran track and played football  He graduated in 1956  After high school, Williamson left Gary for Evanston, Illinois to attend Northwestern University on a football scholarship 

Career
Football
After playing college football for Northwestern in the late 1950s, Williamson was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers  When during training camp he was switched to their defense, his attitude over the switch prompted him to play his position with too much aggression, and the coach of the 49ers asked him to quit "hammering" his players  Thus, "The Hammer" quickly stuck and became his nickname 
Williamson played one year for the Steelers in the National Football League in 1960  Next, he moved to the new American Football League  Williamson played four seasons for the AFL's Oakland Raiders, making the AFL All-Star team in 1961, 1962, and 1963  He also played three seasons for the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs  During his period of playing for the Chiefs, Williamson became one of football's first self-promoters, nurturing the nickname "The Hammer" because he used his forearm to deliver karate-style blows to the heads of opposing players, especially wide receivers  Before Super Bowl I, Williamson garnered national headlines by boasting that he would knock the Green Bay Packers starting receivers, Carroll Dale and Boyd Dowler, out of the game  He stated "Two hammers to Dowler, one to Dale should be enough" His prediction turned out to be an ironic one because "they (Green Bay) broke the hammer" as Williamson himself was knocked out of the game in the fourth quarter on the way to a 35–10 defeat  Williamson's head met the knee of the Packers' running back Donny Anderson  Williamson later suffered a broken arm from his own teammate when Chiefs linebacker Sherrill Headrick fell on him  Williamson finished his eight-season pro football career in 1967 with a history of many hard tackles, passes knocked away, and 36 pass interceptions in 104 games  Williamson returned his interceptions for 479 yards and two touchdowns  After signing with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League during the 1968 season, but not having played in a league game, Williamson retired 

Acting
Williamson became an actor much in the mold of star running back Jim Brown  He acted alongside Brown in films such as Three the Hard Way (1974), Take a Hard Ride (1975), One Down, Two to Go (1982), Original Gangstas (1996) and On the Edge (2002)  Williamson also guest starred with Brown in various television roles  In October 1973, Williamson posed nude for Playgirl magazine, preempting Brown's appearance in 1974  Williamson's early television roles included a role in the original Star Trek episode "The Cloud Minders" (1969), in which he played Anka  He also played Diahann Carroll's love interest in the sitcom Julia  In an interview for the DVD of Bronx Warriors, Williamson stated that his role in Julia was created for him when he convinced the producers that the Black community was upset that Julia had a different boyfriend every week 
Williamson's early film work included roles in M*A*S*H (1970) and Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon (1970)   He portrayed an escaped slave who flees westward in The Legend of Nigger Charley (1972)  He played the role of an African-American gangster in the film Black Caesar (1973) and its subsequent sequel, Hell Up in Harlem (also 1973)  Williamson also starred in the 1975 western film Boss Nigger, in which he played the title role  After this he appeared as an actor in several films, most of which are considered to be of the "blaxploitation" genre  Williamson starred alongside Peter Boyle and Eli Wallach in the movie Crazy Joe (1974)  In 1974, Williamson was selected by the ABC television network as a commentator on Monday Night Football to replace Don Meredith, who had left to pursue an acting and broadcasting career at rival network NBC  Williamson was used on a few pre-season broadcasts, but was quickly declared unsuitable by ABC  He was relieved of his duties at the beginning of the regular season, becoming the first MNF personality not to endure for an entire season  He was replaced by the fellow former player (and fellow Gary, Indiana, native) Alex Karras 
Williamson co-starred in the short-lived series Half Nelson (1985)  During the mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s, Williamson frequently appeared on television as a spokesman for King Cobra malt liquor ("Don't let the smooth taste fool you "), as did fellow actor/martial artist Martin Kove  In 1994, Williamson, along with many other black actors from the 'Blaxploitation' movie era (namely Antonio Fargas, Pam Grier, Rudy Ray Moore, and Ron O'Neal) made a cameo appearance on Snoop Doggy Dogg's music video "Doggy Dogg World", where he appears as himself using his pro-football nickname "The Hammer"  Williamson co-starred with George Clooney and Quentin Tarantino in From Dusk till Dawn (1996), directed by Robert Rodriguez  He was in the cast of the original The Inglorious Bastards (1978), which would later inspire Tarantino's 2009 film of similar name 
Williamson has continued his career as an actor and director into the 21st Century, appearing in the reboot film Starsky & Hutch (2004) derived from the 1970s television series 

Working with clique of actors
Williamson has co-starred in a number of films with Bo Svenson  They include, The Inglorious Bastards (1978), Deadly Impact (1984), Delta Force Commando (1987), The Kill Reflex (1989), Three Days to a Kill (1991),  and Steele's Law (1991)

Directing and producing
Since the 1970s, Williamson has had another career as a director and producer  His first film as producer was Boss Nigger (1975), in which he also starred  His second film as producer was with Mean Johnny Barrows (1976), a predecessor of the Rambo films which similarly featured a violent Vietnam Vet plot (though the novel First Blood on which the film First Blood was based was written in 1972)  He has since directed over 20 features  In the middle of the 1970s, Williamson relocated to Rome, Italy and formed his own company Po' Boy Productions, which started to produce actioners including Adios Amigo (1976) and Death Journey (1976), both of which starred and were directed by Williamson  Although his most recent efforts as director and producer have mainly been direct-to-video, Williamson remains an active film maker 

Personal life
Williamson has been married twice  His first marriage was to Ginette Lavonda from 1960 until 1967  Williamson has been married to Linda Williamson since 1988  Williamson has at least three children but some sources state he has at least six  Williamson has black belts in Kenpō, Shotokan karate and taekwondo  Since 1997, Williamson has had a home in Palm Springs, California 

Filmography
See also
List of American Football League players
Passage 3:
Larry Cohen
Lawrence George Cohen (July 15, 1936 – March 23, 2019) was an American screenwriter, producer, and director of film and television, best known as an author of horror and science fiction films — often containing police procedural and satirical elements — during the 1970s and 1980s, such as It's Alive (1974), God Told Me To (1976), It Lives Again (1978), The Stuff (1985) and A Return to Salem's Lot (1987)  He originally emerged as the writer of blaxploitation films such as Bone (1972), Black Caesar, and Hell Up in Harlem (both 1973)  Later on he concentrated mainly on screenwriting, including Phone Booth (2002), Cellular (2004) and Captivity (2007) 
Early in his career, Cohen was a prolific television writer, creating series such as Branded, Blue Light, Coronet Blue, and The Invaders  In 2006, he returned to the directing chair for Mick Garris's anthology series Masters of Horror, directing the episode "Pick Me Up"  In 2017, Cohen was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Fantasia International Film Festival 

Early life
Lawrence George Cohen was born in Manhattan, New York City, on July 15, 1936  His family was of Jewish ancestry  His sister, Ronni Chasen, was a publicist who worked with him beginning early in his film career  He moved to the Riverdale section of the Bronx in New York City at an early age 
Cohen exhibited a voracious appetite for films as a child, visiting the movie theaters at least twice a week, and most of them being double features, the young Cohen managed to consume at least four movies a week  He was a fan of the hard-boiled and film noir movies that featured actors such as Humphrey Bogart and James Cagney; films that were penned by the likes of Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett  Cohen was especially a fan of director Michael Curtiz, whose films include The Adventures of Robin Hood, Casablanca, and Dodge City 
He majored in film studies at the City College of New York 

Career
Early work
During the 1950s Cohen worked for the NBC television network, where he learned how to produce teleplays, and shortly afterward began writing his own television scripts  He created the TV series The Invaders and also scripted episodes of The Defenders and The Fugitive Cohen began his career as a writer for well-known television series, concentrating his efforts on the crime and detective genres  He penned several episodes of The Defenders (1964) — which starred E G  Marshall — one episode of Espionage (1964), and episodes of The Fugitive (1964–65)  Other writing credits during the 1950s and 1960s included the fantasy-suspense anthologies Kraft Television Theatre (1958) and Kraft Suspense Theatre (1965), the espionage TV series Blue Light (1966) starring Robert Goulet and Coronet Blue (1967) starring Frank Converse, and the science-fiction TV series, The Invaders (1967–1968)  In 1966, he wrote the screenplay to the Western film Return of the Seven (also known as Return of the Magnificent Seven), a sequel to the 1960 film The Magnificent Seven, which had the return of Yul Brynner as gunslinger Chris Adams  Four episodes he wrote for Blue Light were edited together to create the theatrical film I Deal in Danger, released in December 1966  He also created the Western TV series Branded (1965–1966) and was the co-creator with Walter Grauman of Blue Light 

1970s
Although Cohen continued to write TV and film scripts during the 1970s – such as Columbo – he further turned his hand to directing  His directorial debut was the 1972 comedy film Bone (aka Beverly Hills Nightmare) starring Yaphet Kotto  Cohen directed Dial Rat for Terror (1973) and Housewife (1973) before creating the It's Alive series in 1974  He wrote, produced and directed the horror film It's Alive, about a mutant monster baby that embarks on a killing spree  The film – an initial commercial failure – was re-released with a new and sharper advertisement campaign; it went on to become a moderate success, earning over $7 million for Warner Bros  and spawning two sequels, It Lives Again (1978) and It's Alive III: Island of the Alive (1987) Cohen followed-up It's Alive with the science-fiction serial killer film God Told Me To (1976), in which a New York detective investigates a spate of killings by apparently random people who say that God told them to commit the crimes  He concentrated his work predominantly within the horror genre throughout the 1970s and 1980s, often incorporating elements of crime, police procedural, and science fiction with scathing social commentary 
Cohen's It's Alive tells of a couple, Frank and Lenore Davis, who give birth to a mutated baby  The doctors and nurses at the hospital attempt to end the life of the deformed child, but it instead kills them and escapes  A police manhunt ensues as the fleeing mutation leaves dead bodies in its wake  Frank sees the child just as Dr  Frankenstein saw his monster and assists the police 
The emphasis in It's Alive is on the potential effects of chemicals to the ecosystem, and experimental prescription drugs that can be harmful to unborn babies  The score for It's Alive was composed by Bernard Herrmann, known for his contributions to many Alfred Hitchcock films, including Psycho, North by Northwest, and Vertigo  The welling strings, horn arrangements and harp glissandos throughout the film prefigure the soundtrack to Herrmann's final film score two years later for Taxi Driver  The cast includes John P  Ryan, Sharon Farrell, James Dixon, and Andrew Duggan 
It Lives Again (1978) picks up where the first one ended  More mutated babies are appearing around the country  Frank has now joined a renegade mob who are attempting to stop the government from killing these strange mutations  The emphasis in It Lives Again is on accepting one's child, even if it is born with deformities or disabilities  The score is again provided by Bernard Herrmann  The cast includes John P  Ryan, James Dixon, Andrew Duggan, and Frederic Forrest 

1980s
During the 1980s, Cohen directed, produced, and scripted a number of low-budget horror films, many of which featured actor Michael Moriarty  The first was Q – a k a  Q: The Winged Serpent (1982) — about an Aztec god known as Quetzalcoatl (the Winged Serpent) resurrected and nesting atop the Chrysler Building  The film is set in New York City, as was typical for Cohen, and sees two police detectives investigating a spate of killings in the city  The cast is headed by Moriarty and co-stars David Carradine, Candy Clark, Richard Roundtree, and James Dixon (another Cohen regular)  The Chrysler Building scenes were actually shot on location in and around the building, including the inside and outside of the cone atop the edifice 
Cohen's next project with Moriarty was The Stuff (1985), in which an alien substance of sorts is found bubbling out of the ground  The Stuff is marketed at the general public, which rapidly becomes addicted to it  David "Mo" Rutheford, an industrial saboteur, played by Moriarty, is hired to investigate the origins of the Stuff and decides to destroy the product  The film co-stars Danny Aiello, Brian Bloom, Scott Bloom, Andrea Marcovicci, Patrick O'Neal, and Paul Sorvino  Saturday Night Live regular Garrett Morris plays Charlie W  Hobbs a



ground_truth: yes

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who was born first, Antoine Casavant or Abdul Ali Lalu?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 
Passage 5:
Greg A  Hill (artist)
Greg A  Hill is a Canadian-born First Nations artist and curator  He is 
Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario 

Early life
Hill was born and raised in Fort Erie, Ontario 

Art career
His work as a multidisciplinary artist focuses primarily on installation, performance and digital imaging and explores issues of his Mohawk and French-Canadian identity through the prism of colonialism, nationalism and concepts of place and community Hill has been exhibiting his work since 1989, with solo exhibitions and performance works across Canada as well as group exhibitions in North America and abroad  His work can be found in the collections of the Canada Council, the Indian Art Centre, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Canadian Native Arts Foundation (now Indspire), the Woodland Cultural Center, the City of Ottawa, the Ottawa Art Gallery and the International Museum of Electrography 

Curatorial career
Hill serves as the Audain Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada 

Awards and honours
In 2018, Hill received the Indspire Award for Arts 
Passage 6:
Abdul Ali Mridha
Abdul Ali Mridha was a Bangladeshi politician  He was elected as MP of Narsingdi-5 constituency in 5th and 6th general election of Bangladesh  He died on 9 March 2019 
Passage 7:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 
Passage 8:
Wesley Barresi
Wesley Barresi (born 3 May 1984) is a South African born first-class and Netherlands international cricketer  He is a right-handed wicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak  In February 2021, Barresi announced his retirement from all forms of cricket, but returned to the national team in August 2022 

Career
Wesley became the 100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, when he was dismissed in the 2011 World Cup game against India In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One Day International (ODI) squad, for their series against Nepal  Ahead of the ODI matches, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player for the Netherlands In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Amsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament  However, the following month, the tournament was cancelled 
Passage 9:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 10:
Abdul Ali Maghoub
Abdul Ali Maghoub was an Egyptian long-distance runner  He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1920 Summer Olympics 
Context 3: k a  Chocolate Chip Charlie, a junk food mogul who assists Mo with his investigation  Cohen cast Moriarty in It's Alive 3: Island of the Alive (1987)—the third part of the Alive Trilogy—and again in A Return to Salem's Lot (1987), the unofficial sequel of Stephen King's novel and TV miniseries Salem's Lot  Cohen finished the 1980s with Wicked Stepmother (1989), in which the late Bette Davis made her last appearance 

1990s
Cohen began the 1990s with his film The Ambulance (1990) starring Eric Roberts  The film is set in New York City and is focused on Josh Baker (Roberts), an aspiring comic book artist, who investigates a string of disappearances: people who are picked up by a mysterious ambulance that never reaches the city hospital  The Ambulance features cameos by Stan Lee, Larry Hama and Jim Salicrup of Marvel Comics  He would direct only two other films during the 1990s, one being the Blaxploitation film Original Gangstas (1996), featuring Jim Brown, Pam Grier, and Fred Williamson  For most of the decade, Cohen concentrated on writing  He penned the remainder of the William Lustig Maniac Cop Trilogy – he had previously scripted Maniac Cop in 1988 – that features Robert Z'Dar as undead Maniac Cop, Matt Cordell, and B-Movie horror actor Bruce Campbell  He then provided the story of the third adaptation of Jack Finney's 1955 science-fiction novel The Body Snatchers, a tale of alien invasion and paranoia: Body Snatchers was directed by Abel Ferrara and starred Forest Whitaker  Throughout the decade Cohen was further involved in various TV projects including NYPD Blue and the Ed McBain-inspired 87th Precinct: Heatwave 

2000s
Cohen's output after the 1990s was less prolific and concentrated solely on scriptwriting, except for a brief return to directing with the Masters of Horror episode "Pick Me Up" (2006)  His first project, Phone Booth (2002), became involved in a Hollywood bidding war, the script eventually ending up in the hands of Joel Schumacher  Phone Booth was a commercial success with an estimated budget of $13 million and a worldwide gross of $98 million  The film starred Colin Farrell, Katie Holmes, Kiefer Sutherland, and Forest Whitaker; it was produced by David Zucker 
His next film, another action-crime thriller titled Cellular (2004), also featured phones and, like Phone Booth, it was a modest commercial success with an estimated budget of $25 million and a gross worldwide return of $50 million  Cellular starred Kim Basinger, Chris Evans, William H  Macy, and Jason Statham  Cellular was later re-made as Connected (2008), Cohen being credited with the story  He then scripted the horror-thriller films Captivity (2007) and Messages Deleted (2009); however, both films fared poorly on a critical and commercial level  Cohen nevertheless received acclaim for the above-mentioned Pick Me Up, which he directed for the Mick Garris TV series Masters of Horror (2006)  The episode was written by splatterpunk-horror author David Schow, and starred Cohen regular Michael Moriarty 

In 2003, Cohen, together with production partner Martin Poll, was at the center of a lawsuit against 20th Century Fox, claiming the company had intentionally plagiarized a script of theirs titled Cast of Characters in order to create the Sean Connery-starring League of Extraordinary Gentlemen in 2003  According to the BBC, the lawsuit alleged 'that Mr  Cohen and Mr  Poll pitched the idea to Fox several times between 1993 and 1996, under the name Cast of Characters ' The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen was an adaptation of the 1999 published comic book series by Alan Moore and artist Kevin O'Neill In 2006, Cohen was included in the Masters of Horror TV anthology, which also included – but was not limited to – writers and directors as diverse as Dario Argento, Clive Barker, John Carpenter, Richard Chizmar, Don Coscarelli, Wes Craven, David Cronenberg, Joe Dante, Guillermo del Toro, Ernest Dickerson, Stuart Gordon, James Gunn, Sam Hamm, Tom Holland, Tobe Hooper, Lloyd Kaufman, Mary Lambert, John Landis, Joe R  Lansdale, Bentley Little, H P  Lovecraft, Joe Lynch, William Lustig, Peter Medak, Lucky McKee, Kat O' Shea, Robert Rodriguez, Eli Roth, David Schow, and Tim Sullivan  It was created by Mick Garris for the Showtime cable network  Cohen's contribution was the segment Pick Me Up, based on a short story by David Schow, who also wrote the teleplay  It stars Fairuza Balk and Cohen regulars Laurene Landon and Michael Moriarty  Pick Me Up is the story of woman traveling on a bus that has broken down along a stretch of lonely two-lane blacktop  Enter two serial killers: Wheeler (Moriarty), a driver who picks up hitchhikers with the sole intent of killing them – and – Walker (Warren Kole), a hitchhiker who accepts lifts in order to find his victims  The two killers pair up and inventively murder all the passengers on the bus, save for Stacia (Balk), who has since gone her own way  Stacia eventually winds up in the middle of a serial killer turf war, a war over which killer will get her first  Pick Me Up signaled a brief return to the director's chair for Cohen 
Josef Rusnak remade Cohen's It's Alive in 2009  Still awaiting a score on Rotten Tomatoes, the existing reviews are also very poor  Even Cohen admitted that the remake was dreadful and states: 'It's a terrible picture  It's just beyond awful'  Cohen offered his 1974 script but remarks that it was completely ignored: "I would advise anybody who likes my film to cross the street and avoid seeing the new enchilada "

Personal life
Cohen was married twice: to Janelle Webb, until their divorce in 1980; and then to Cynthia Costas, from 1994 until his death  He had two daughters  His sister Ronni Chasen was murdered on November 16, 2010 in a drive-by shooting in Beverly HIlls 

Death
On March 23, 2019, Cohen died from cancer at his home in Beverly Hills, California, at age 82 

Critical response
Critical response to Cohen's work has been extremely varied, with reviews ranging from good to poor 

The Stuff
Cohen's science fiction horror film and satirical social commentary The Stuff (1985) garnered mixed reviews, often being compared to Jack Finney's The Body Snatchers novel and the 1958 film The Blob  It has a moderate fresh rating of 63% on Rotten Tomatoes  The Apollo Movie Guide remarks that The Stuff works on a purely visceral level, and that it further achieves a tongue-in-cheek social parody of a society that cannot help buying into the latest craze  Although Apollo praised the juxtaposition of Cohen's clever screenplay and Michael Moriarty's performance, it states that the film is not a classic  It does, however, award the film a modest Apollo Rating of 77/100  The Chicago Sun-Times, on the other hand, sees The Stuff as a widely ambitious movie that fails mainly due to distracting glitches and a lack of plausibility, specifically, "What we have here are a lot of nice touches in search of a movie " Chicago Sun-Times rating: 1 1/2 stars out of 5  Bloody Disgusting nevertheless awarded The Stuff 3 stars out of 5, pointing out both the good and the bad, "[I]t's smart, it's relevant and it has some bad acting  [It should be] enjoyed for all the wrong and some of the right reasons that it is not just a horror movie, but a very honest and important movie as well "

Q: The Winged Serpent
His fantasy horror Q a k a  Q: The Winged Serpent (1982) has a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 61%  TV Guide praise Cohen for his intelligence, creativity and originality and further comment that '[Cohen] successfully combines a film noir crime story with a good old-fashioned giant monster movie' and that 'Michael Moriarty turns in a brilliant performance as Jimmy Quinn [   ]'  Horror author and movie critic, Kim Newman, praises Cohen's plot originality and canny use of characters in Empire, pointing out the director's use of an oddball as lead – Jimmy Quinn – who would ordinarily be a secondary character or warrant solely a cameo appearance; Newman also explains how Cohen has relegated all the usual plot devices – in movies such as King Kong – to the background  Alternatively, the Chicago Reader, although viewing Cohen's monster movie as 'cheesy' and 'fun', ultimately condemns the movie as being 'curiously disengaged and sloppy'  The New York Times, following the film's opening day at the Rivoli Theater, had just 'a few words – only a very few – about Q, offering a brief neutral synopsis and a couple of quotes  Variety are more favourable, focusing on Cohen's 'wild' and 'bizarre' – albeit realistic – efforts: Q has great fun mixing realistic settings with political satire and a wild yarn'  They go on to say that the film belongs to both Moriarty and the Monster 

It's Alive
It's Alive, the first part of Cohen's horror trilogy featuring a mutated baby that kills its prey when trapped or frightened, holds a rating of 67% on Rotten Tomatoes, one of the highest ratings for his films  Focusing on the social context of the film at the time, The Film Journal points out that It's Alive "carries a potent mix of both suspense and social critique [   ] [i]nvoking such taboo subjects as abortion as early as 1974 " As well as being apt at providing 'suspense,' The Film Journal acknowledges Cohen's ability "to impart an intelligent nature to his otherwise pulpy horror films " Black Hole magazine opines that despite a lack of A-List actors and special effects, It's Alive still manages to maintain the viewer's interest due to Cohen's "unique horror concept and a script rich in ideas " Black Hole nevertheless points out that "[w]hile the drama is consistent, it's less successful as a seventies monster movie, and especially lacking now " Whereas Jaws (1975) revealed the shark slowly, Cohen's film "barely ever shows us the goods " The magazine does agree, however, that It's Alive was "a sufficiently powerful monster movie and [that] audiences wanted more " Filmcritic draws attention to the humour element, especially the scenes where the Baby-Monster is rustling in the bushes, unseen, comparing it to the scene in Basket Case (1982) when that film's Baby-Monster is stuffed into a garbage sack after being cut away from its human twin  Basket Case is indeed a part of another – later – Baby-Monster horror trilogy  In short, Filmcritic says that Cohen's film should not be confused with art; and yet, it is "pretty scary stuff" that "manages a few neat tricks "

God Told Me To
God Told Me To a k a  Demon (1976), Cohen's science fiction thriller, has a rating of 75% on Rotten Tomatoes, making it Cohen's most successful directorial effort, critically  The film, in which a number of New York citizens embark on a killing spree because God Told Them To, is called "one of his most ambitious movies" that is "cemented in an interesting idea" by QNetwork Entertainment, who find Cohen's ideology of the existence of God interesting: "cynical at best" and "sacrilegious at worst " The magazine continues, however, to comment on Cohen's lack of patience and drive when completing his movies, regarding the end products as being "hastily thrown-together" and "a mosaic of scenes, rather than a satisfying whole " In conclusion QNetwork give the film an even 2 1/2 stars for being the "clumsiest and most entertaining schlock of the last 20 years " CinePassion online magazine simply states: "[a] work of genius, in other words, possibly the Cohen joint that brims with the most all-pervasive invention and danger, as radical a Seventies 'incoherent text' as Taxi Driver and a clear linchpin of The X-Files " The Chicago Sun-Times sees Cohen's incoherent text in a different light, likening the film to a cinematic version of the card game 52 Pickup: "the movie does achieve greatness in another way: this is the most confused feature-length film [   ] ever seen " But Time Out applauded Cohen for offering "the perfect existential anti-hero" in New York cop, Lo Bianco, in a film that "overflows with such perverse and subversive notions that no amount of shoddy editing and substandard camerawork can conceal [its] unusual qualities" and that by "[d]igging deep into the psyche of American manhood, it lays bare the guilt-ridden oppressions of a soulless society "

Filmography
Film
Acting roles
Television
TV movies

TV series

Notes
Passage 4:
Hassan Zee
Hassan "Doctor" Zee is a Pakistani-American film director who was born in Chakwal, Pakistan 

Early life
Doctor Zee grew up in Chakwal, a small village in Punjab, Pakistan  as one of seven brothers and sisters  His father was in the military and this fact required the family to move often to different cities  As a child Zee was forbidden from watching cinema because his father believed movies were a bad influence on children 
At age 13, Doctor Zee got his start in the world of entertainment at Radio Pakistan where he wrote and produced radio dramas and musical programs   It was then that he realized his passion for storytelling At the age of 26, Doctor Zee earned his medical doctorate degree and did his residency in a burn unit at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences  He cared for women who were victims of  "Bride Burning," the archaic practice used as a form of punishment against women who fail to provide sufficient dowry to their in-laws after marriage or fail to provide offspring   He also witnessed how his country’s transgender and intersex people, called “hijras”, were banned from having jobs and forced to beg to survive  These experiences inspired Doctor Zee to tackle the issues of women’s empowerment and gender inequality in his films In 1999, he came to San Francisco to pursue his dream of filmmaking and made San Francisco his home

Education
He received his early education from Jinnah Public School, Chakwal  He got his medical doctor degree at Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan 

Film career
Doctor Zee's first film titled Night of Henna was released in 2005  The theme of the film dealt with "the conflict between Old World immigrant customs and modern Western ways   " Night of Henna focused on the problems of Pakistani expatriates who found it hard to adjust in American culture  Many often landed themselves in trouble when it came to marrying off their children 
His second film Bicycle Bride came out in 2010, which was about "the clash between the bonds of family and the weight of tradition " His third film House of Temptation that came out in 2014 was about a family which struggles against the temptations of the Devil  His fourth film “Good Morning Pakistan”, concerned a young American’s journey back to Pakistan where he confronts the contradictory nature of a beautiful and ancient culture that's marred by economic, educational and gender inequality His upcoming fifth film, "Ghost in San Francisco" is a supernatural thriller starring Felissa Rose, Dave Sheridan, and Kyle Lowder where a soldier comes home from Afghanistan to discover that his wife is having an affair with his best friend  While battling with his inner ghosts and demons, he meets a mysterious woman in San Francisco who promises him a ritual for his cure 
Passage 5:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 6:
Edvīns Šnore
Edvīns Šnore (born 21 March 1974, in Saulkrasti) is a Latvian film director and politician  He was elected to a four-year term in the Latvian Saeima in 2014 and 2018



ground_truth: Antoine Casavant

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who was born first, Hell Up In Harlem or The Soviet Story?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Šnore's family comes from Kuldīga  He went to high school in Riga  During the Revolutions of 1989 he sympathized with the Popular Front of Latvia  He first studied political science in Norway, and then earned his master's degree at the University of Latvia  In 2013 he completed his  Doctoral thesis on the Western European view of Holodomor Šnore has become known for his 2008 documentary The Soviet Story  For this film, he was awarded with the Latvian Order of the Three Stars in 2008, and the Estonian Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana in 2009  In 2016 Šnore released another documentary called The Unknown War: Baltic Resistance on the guerrilla war in the Baltic states 

Views
In his article "The goal: A Latvian Latvia", E  Šnore expressed his views about the Russians in Latvia, as well as the Russian language as such  According to him, "… the Russophone immigrants of the Soviet times disparage and rail at Latvia all the time, yet still do not leave it  At least, not at the rate desired by the Latvians"  He also refers to Minister of Social Affairs of Latvia Alfreds Bērziņš saying "… the Russian louse, once let into a coat, is hard to get rid of" and Paul A  Goble that "…the Russian language is exactly the primary weapon of the Kremlin's hybrid war against the Baltic States"  E  Šnore concludes that "… the Latvian Latvia <…> is the only way towards a prosperous, safe and united Latvia" 
Mr Šnore was reprimanded by the parliamentary ethics commission - with the mildest possible punishment, an oral warning  The article and the mild reaction to it have drawn criticism from two Council of Europe bodies - the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance and the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 
Passage 7:
Hell Up in Harlem
Hell Up in Harlem is a 1973 blaxploitation American neo-noir film, starring Fred Williamson and Gloria Hendry  Written and directed by Larry Cohen, it is a sequel to the film Black Caesar 
The film's soundtrack was recorded by Edwin Starr and released by Motown Records in January 1974 

Plot
Having survived the assassination attempt at the end of Black Caesar, Tommy Gibbs takes on corrupt New York District Attorney DiAngelo, who had sought to jail Gibbs and his father, Papa Gibbs, in order to monopolize the illicit drug trade  Gibbs decides to eliminate drug pushing from the streets of Harlem, while continuing to carry out his other illicit enterprises  Gibbs falls in love with Sister Jennifer (Margaret Avery), a woman who works with Reverend Rufus, a former pimp who has found a religious calling 
Gibbs and his father have a falling out after Gibbs is told by his enforcer, Zach, that his father ordered the death of Gibbs' ex-wife, Helen  Gibbs and Jennifer move to Los Angeles, leaving Papa Gibbs in charge of the Harlem territory  It is later revealed that Zach himself killed Helen as part of a move to take over the territory, with the assistance of DiAngelo  Gibbs defeats hit men sent to take him out in Los Angeles, while Papa dies from a heart attack while fighting Zach 
Knowing that DiAngelo will be having the New York airports and roads watched, Gibbs flies in to Philadelphia, and then enters New York City on foot in order to carry out a personal war against Zach and DiAngelo 

Cast
Fred Williamson as Tommy Gibbs
Julius Harris as Papa Gibbs
Gloria Hendry as Helen Bradley-Washington
Margaret Avery as Sister Jennifer
D'Urville Martin as Reverend Rufus
Tony King as Zach
Gerald Gordon as DiAngelo
Bobby Ramsen as Joe Frankfurter
James Dixon as "Irish" Bryant
Esther Sutherland as The Cook
Charles MacGuire as Charles MacGregor

Release on DVD & HD
In 2001 it was released on DVD 
In 2010 it was digitized in High Definition (1080i) and broadcast on MGMHD 

See also
List of American films of 1973
Passage 8:
Gloria Hendry
Gloria Hendry (born March 3, 1949) is an American actress and former model  Hendry is best known for her roles in films from the 1970s, most notably: portraying Rosie Carver in 1973's James Bond film Live and Let Die; and Helen Bradley in the blaxploitation film Black Caesar, and the sequel, Hell Up in Harlem 

Biography
Early life and education
Born in Jacksonville or Winter Haven, Florida (sources differ), Hendry was the older of two daughters  Hendry's family, which consisted of her mother and sister relocated to Newark, New Jersey to live with her grandparents during her early childhood  Hendry studied at Essex College of Business for Law 

Career
Hendry worked as a Playboy Bunny at the New York Playboy Club from 1965 until 1972  In 1968, Hendry received her first acting role in Sidney Poitier's film For Love of Ivy, followed by a small role in the 1970 film The Landlord  In 1973, Hendry portrayed the Bond girl Rosie Carver in the James Bond film Live and Let Die  In that film, she became the first African American woman to become romantically involved with 007; Trina Parks, who played a nemesis to Bond rather than a love interest in Diamonds Are Forever (the previous Bond film) is considered to be the first Black Bond girl Hendry later starred in several 1970s blaxploitation films, including Across 110th Street (1972), Slaughter's Big Rip-Off (1973), and both the 1973 films Black Caesar and its sequel Hell Up in Harlem  She also portrayed the martial arts expert, Sydney, in Black Belt Jones (1974), and appeared in Savage Sisters (1974) and Bare Knuckles (1977)  Her later films included the horror film Pumpkinhead II: Blood Wings (1994) and the action comedy Freaky Deaky (2012) 

Filmography
Film
Passage 9:
The Soviet Story
The Soviet Story is a 2008 documentary film about Soviet Communism and Soviet–German relations before 1941 and after, written and directed by Edvīns Šnore, and sponsored by the right-wing Union for Europe of the Nations group in the European Parliament  The film features interviews with Western and Russian historians such as Norman Davies and Boris Vadimovich Sokolov, the Russian writer Viktor Suvorov, the Soviet dissident Vladimir Bukovsky, members of the European Parliament, and participants and survivors of the Soviet terror  Sokolov later emphasized that he simply offered expert advice and told Šnore that some of the things he claimed were based on obvious falsifications Using those interviews, together with historical footage and documents, the film documentary argues that there were close philosophical, political and organisational connections between the Nazi and the Soviet systems  It highlights the Great Purge, the Holodomor, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Katyn massacre, the Gestapo–NKVD collaboration, forced population transfer in the Soviet Union, and the medical experiments in the gulags  The documentary goes on to argue that the successor states to Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union differ in the sense that postwar Germany condemns the actions of Nazi Germany, but the opinion in contemporary Russia is summarised by a quote from Vladimir Putin: "One needs to acknowledge that the collapse of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century " In the closing credits of the film, it is stated: "The Soviet Union killed more than 20,000,000 men, women and children  This film is dedicated to them "

Analysis and memory
The documentary film, commissioned by the national-conservative and right-wing Union for Europe of the Nations group in the European Parliament, compared the atrocities of the two regimes  In the documentary, producer and director Edvīns Šnore argued that "not only were the crimes of the former inspired by the crimes of the latter, but that they helped each other, and that without their mutual assistance the outcome of World War II could have been quite different " In Latvia the forced Soviet deportations are commonly seen as a genocidal practice  The European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism, proclaimed by the European Parliament in August 2008 and endorsed by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in July 2009; it is officially known as the Black Ribbon Day in some countries, including Canada  Among many scholars in Western Europe, the comparison of the two totalitarian regimes and the equation of their crimes has been and still is widely rejected According to Mārtiņš Kaprāns, a communication science expert and researcher at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia, "[s]cholars have argued that The Soviet Story is an effective Latvian response to Russian propaganda, but it also exemplifies the broader problems of post-communist memory politics " Kaprāns writes that "the idea of how memory work triggered by the documentary got started on social networking sites" and on "the video-sharing website YouTube and the Internet encyclopedia Wikipedia, both of which are crucial meaning-making sites with respect to history " According to Kaprāns, his memory studies article "demonstrates transnational memory work in YouTube and Wikipedia as a multidirectional enterprise that both reinforces and emancipates existing hegemonic representations of controversial past "

Reactions
Positive
Various Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) who were interviewed for the film have expressed views in favour of it  According to the Latvian MEPs Inese Vaidere and Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis, writing in The Parliament Magazine, "The Soviet Story makes a significant contribution to the establishment of a common understanding of history and brings us closer to the truth about the tragic events of the 20th century  A common understanding of history among the member states is crucial for the future of the whole EU " Both Vaidere and Kristovskis represent the Union for Europe of the Nations group which actively supported the production of the film After watching the film, Finnish MEP Ari Vatanen opined: "It is a powerful message  Thank you for telling the truth  It will awaken people " After the premiere in the European parliament, Vatanen stated: "We cannot build a humanity if we close our eyes to this kind of massacres  Our possibility is to serve justice to those people " British MEP Christopher Beazley commented: "This film is very important  It's a very powerful representation of what took place in Poland, in Latvia and the other Central European countries "Vytautas Landsbergis, MEP and the former head of the Seimas, assessed The Soviet Story as "a world class film, which should be shown to the world", while Latvia's Minister of Justice Gaidis Bērziņš from For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK stated that he would encourage the Ministry of Education to have the film shown in all schools in Latvia because of its important historical message 

Negative
A number of critics condemned the film even before its premiere  Boris Tsilevitch, a Latvian member of the Saeima representing Harmony Centre, stated that it was a "typical propaganda" and its release was timed to coincide with the 2009 European Parliament election in Latvia  MEP from Latvia Tatjana Ždanoka, who opposed Latvia's independence from the Soviet Union and ran as a candidate of the largest Russian political bloc in Latvia, regards the film as a "propagandistic odd job, which is given out to be "a new word in history", while also expressing her belief that "the second part of the film is pure political PR" because the first part of the film pictures the point of view of some historians and contemporary politicians criticize modern Russia in the end of the film  Ždanoka also stated that "a lot of attention was devoted to the partnership of the German and Russian military  This is followed by a jump forward in time to the 1940s, with a mass-meeting of Vlasovites is shown against a background of swastika "The film prompted negative reactions from Russian organizations, press, and politicians  According to the "European Voice" newspaper, Russians are infuriated by the film which reveals the extent of Nazi and Soviet collaboration  On 17 May 2008, the Russian pro-governmental youth organization Young Russia (Russian: Россия Молодая) organized the protest "Let's not allow the rewriting of history!" (Russian: Не дадим переписать историю!, romanized: Ne dadim perepisat' istoriyu!) in front of the Embassy of Latvia in Moscow  An effigy representing Edvīns Šnore was burnt during the protest  Alexander Reshideovich Dyukov, a former member of the Russian ARMS-TASS Agency of Military and Technical Information, has been the most vocal critic of the documentary  He was quoted as saying: "After watching two thirds of the film, I had only one wish: to kill its director and to burn down the Latvian Embassy " As a result of Dyukov's statements, a criminal investigation was initiated against him in Latvia  Asked to comment on the case, Latvian Foreign Minister Māris Riekstiņš commented that Dyukov might be a "mentally unstable personality", while Prime Minister of Estonia Mart Laar called Dyukov "an officer of FSB", Russia's principal security agency Russian State Duma Deputy Irina Yarovaya, the coordinator of the ruling party United Russia's State Patriotic Club and a member of the Presidium of the General Council, declared that the film "glorifies Estonian Nazi collaborators, those who killed people in Khatyn and in Pskov region " In response to Yarovaya's statement which apparently confuses Katyn with Khatyn, Estonian politician and historian Mart Laar wrote: "It is indeed impressive how much wrong can be put into one sentence  First, Estonians did not kill anyone in Khatyn and, secondly, the specific crime committed in Khatyn is not mentioned in the film at all      This gives the impression that Yarovaya, actually, has not seen the film "

Reception
The film has attracted both praise and criticism from political commentators  The Economist praised it as "a sharply provocative work", and stated that "Soviet Story is the most powerful antidote yet to the sanitisation of the past  The film is gripping, audacious and uncompromising      The main aim of the film is to show the close connections—philosophical, political and organisational—between the Nazi and Soviet systems " For The New York Times, Neil Genzlinger wrote: "The filmmaking in The Soviet Story is so overwrought that at times the movie comes across as comical      The film is not dispassionate scholarship; Mr  Snore, who is Latvian, and his backers (including some members of the European Parliament) obviously have an agenda, though to the casual American viewer it may not be clear what it is "Latvian political scientist and cultural commentator Ivars Ijabs offered a negative review of The Soviet Story, describing it as a well-made and "effective piece of cinematic propaganda in the good sense of this word", whose message is clearly presented to the audience  Ijabs does not agree with a number of historical interpretations in the film, asserting that it contains errors  In one example, Ijabs states: "In late 1930s Hitler did not yet plan a systematic genocide against the Jews [as it is suggested in the film]  Everybody knows that this decision was made in 1942 at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin " Ijabs also disagreed with the contention in the film by the British literary historian, liberal, and former political activist George Watson that Friedrich Engels is "the ancestor of the modern political genocide " Further,  Ijabs refuted the film’s criticism of Karl Marx as being the 'progenitor of modern genocide', although he acknowledged the use of the term Völkerabfälle in Karl Marx's newspaper Boris Vadimovich Sokolov, one of the historians interviewed in the film, was quoted as saying: "I had only been an expert there and I can only answer for what I am saying there myself  I had told to Šnore that some of his narratives are obvious forgeries he was tricked by  For example, Beria—Müller agreement on killing Jews together "In Lauren Wissot's review for Slant Magazine, "Soviet Story does a thorough job of laying out what happened, but its dull, educational-style format doesn't guide us to the next step of why we should care " In his Time Out review, Joshua Rothkopf stated: "An offensively schlocky treatment of an important subject, The Soviet Story turns Stalin's systematic starvation and slaughter of millions into a hopped-up horror flick "

Film festivals and awards
The Soviet Story has been screened in the following film festivals:

2008 Boston Film Festival – Boston, Massachusetts; received the "Mass Impact Award"
2008 KinoLev Film Festival – Lviv, Ukraine
2008 Black Nights Film Festival – Tallinn, Estonia
2008 Arsenals Film Festival – Riga, Latvia
2008 Promitey Film Festival – Tbilisi, Georgia
2008 Baltic Film Festival – Berlin, Germany
2009 Sedona International Film Festival – Sedona, Arizona
2009 Mene Tekel festival – Prague, Czech Republic
2009 Politicsonfilm Film Festival – Washington, D C 
2011 Free Minds Film Festival – Colorado Springs, Colorado
2012 Free Minds Film Festival – Colorado Springs, ColoradoIn 2008, the president of Latvia, Valdis Zatlers awarded the director Edvīns Šnore with the Order of the Three Stars  In 2009, the film was nominated for the biannual Latvian National Film Award Lielais Kristaps in the "Best Documentary" category  In the same year, Šnore received the Estonian Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana for creating The Soviet Story 

See also
Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism

Notes
Passage 10:
Henry Moore (cricketer)
Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand 

Life and family
Henry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849  He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch  One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted  Their great 
grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805  One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch  He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son  In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 



ground_truth: Hell Up In Harlem