prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who died first, Albertus Seba or Ali Dinar?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Bobby Dixon
Bobby Dixon or Ali Muhammed (born April 10, 1983), is an American-born naturalized Turkish professional basketball former player who played at the point guard position  He also represented the senior Turkish national basketball team, as he holds Turkish citizenship since 2015, under the name of Ali Muhammed 

College career
After graduating from Chicago's Sullivan High School, Dixon played college basketball at Troy University  In his two-year career with the Trojans, he played in 59 games, averaging 16 3 points, 4 6 rebounds, and 5 3 assists per game  He was also named to the 2005–06 All-Sun Belt Conference First Team 

Professional career
Dixon started his professional career in France with  Saint-Étienne Basket  In May 2007, he signed a contract with the French League team Gravelines until the end of the season  In the summer of 2007, he signed a contract with Polpak Świecie of the Polish Basketball League  He led the 2007–08 season Polish League in assists, averaging 5 1 per game  In the summer of 2008, he signed a contract with the Italian League team Pallacanestro Treviso  In February 2009, he moved to the France again, signed by Le Mans Sarthe Basket  In the summer of 2009, he signed a contract with the French League team ASVEL Basket  In 2010, he moved to the Italy, signed by Pallacanestro Treviso again  In the summer of 2010, he signed a contract with the Italian League team New Basket Brindisi  In the summer of 2011, he signed a contract with the French League team Dijon Basket 

Karşıyaka (2012–2015)
In July 2012, Dixon signed a contract with Karşıyaka of the Turkish League  On February 9, 2014, he was named the MVP with 19 points, 5 rebounds, and 6 assists in the Turkish Cup final game against Anadolu Efes S K  He also helped to lead them to a Turkish President's Cup victory against Fenerbahçe in 2014  He was named to the All-EuroCup Second Team in the 2014–15 EuroCup season  On June 19, 2015, he won the Turkish League championship with Karşıyaka, after beating Anadolu Efes by a series score of 4–1 in the Turkish League Finals  Dixon was named the Turkish League Finals MVP 

Fenerbahçe (2015–2021)
On July 21, 2015, Dixon signed a two-year contract with Fenerbahçe  On 28 March 2016, he had a 23 points, 12 rebounds, and 10 assists performance against Beşiktaş, which marked his first triple double in the team  That triple double, was the third in Fenerbahce history, after Mark Dickel had a 16 points, 13 rebounds, and 11 assists performance against Galatasaray, in the 2002–03 season; and Emir Preldžić had 10 points, 15 rebounds, and 10 assists against Olin Edirne, in the 2010–11 season In 2017–18 EuroLeague, Fenerbahçe made it to the 2018 EuroLeague Final Four, its fourth consecutive Final Four appearance  Eventually, they lost to Real Madrid with 80–85 in the final game  Over 20 EuroLeague games, he averaged 7 points, 1 1 rebounds and 1 2 assists per game, in decreased playing time over last season 
In April 2019, he signed a new two-year contract with Fenerbahçe, staying at the club until the end of 2020–21 season  Dixon parted ways with the team on September 14, 2021 On October 14, 2021, he has announced his retirement from professional basketball and started to work as a Youth Coach for Fenerbahçe Beko 

Turkish national team
After receiving Turkish citizenship, Dixon became a member of the senior men's Turkish national basketball team  With the Turkish national team, he played at the EuroBasket 2015, and the Manila 2016 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament 

Career statistics
EuroLeague
Domestic leagues
Personal
In June 2015, Dixon received a Turkish passport and citizenship, which legally changed his name in Turkey to Ali Muhammed 
Passage 2:
Ali Farzat
Ali Farzat or Ali Ferzat (Arabic: علي فرزات; born 22 June 1951) is a Syrian political cartoonist  He has published more than 15,000 caricatures in Syrian, Arab and international newspapers  He serves as the head of the Arab Cartoonists Association  In 2011, he received Sakharov Prize for peace  Farzat was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2012 

Life and career
Farzat was born and raised in the city of Hama, in central Syria on 22 June 1951  At the age of 12, he started publishing drawings professionally on the front pages of al-Ayyam newspaper, shortly before it was banned by the ruling Baath Party  His first cartoon was about the Évian Accords negotiations between Algerians and French officials  In 1969, he began drawing caricatures for the state-run daily, al-Thawra  He enrolled at the Faculty of Fine Arts at Damascus University in 1970, and left before dropping out in 1973  In the mid-1970s, he moved to another government controlled daily, Tishreen, where his cartoons appeared every day  His caricatures were critical of government corruption but were not directed at particular individuals  International recognition followed in 1980 when he won the first prize at the Intergraphic International Festival in Berlin, Germany, and his drawings began to appear in the French newspaper Le Monde  His exhibition in 1989 at the Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris, France led to a death threat from Saddam Hussein, and a ban from Iraq, Jordan and Libya  The drawing that brought about the most controversy was called The General and the Decorations which showed a general handing out military decorations instead of food to a hungry Arab citizen Farzat met Syrian president Bashar al-Assad prior to his presidency in 1996  According to Farzat, "He [Bashar] actually laughed at some of the cartoons—specifically at those targeting security personnel—he had a bunch of them with him and he turned to them and said: 'Hey, he is making fun of you  What do you think?" Afterward the two developed a friendship  In December 2000, Farzat started publishing al-Domari (Arabic: الدومري, lit  'The Lamplighter'), which was the first independent periodical in Syria since the Baath Party came to power in 1963  The newspaper was based on political satire and styled in a similar way to the French weekly Le Canard enchaîné  The first issue of the paper came out in February 2001 and the entire 50,000 copies were sold in less than four hours  In 2002, he won the prestigious Dutch Prince Claus Award for "achievement in culture and development"  By 2003, however, frequent government censorship and lack of funds forced Farzat to close down al-Domari  He has been called "one of the most famous cultural figures in the Arab world"  In December 2012, Farzat was awarded Gebran Tueni prize in Lebanon 

Syrian Civil War
During the ongoing Syrian Civil War, Farzat had been more direct in his anti-government cartoons, specifically targeting government figures, particularly al-Assad  Following the fall of Tripoli in late August to anti-government rebels seeking to topple Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, Farzat published a cartoon depicting a sweaty Bashar al-Assad clutching a briefcase running to catch a ride with Gaddafi who is anxiously driving a getaway car  Other cartoons Farzat published previously include one where al-Assad is whitewashing the shadow of large Syrian security force officer while the actual officer remains untouched with the caption reading "Lifting the emergency law" and another showing al-Assad dressed in a military uniform flexing his arm in front of a mirror  The mirror's reflection shows Assad being a dominant muscular figure contrasting with his actual slim stature On 25 August 2011, Farzat was reportedly pulled from his vehicle in Umayyad Square in central Damascus by masked gunmen believed to be part of the security forces and a pro-government militia  The men assaulted him, focusing mainly on his hands, and dumped him on the side of the airport road where passersby found him and took him to a hospital  According to one of his relatives, the security forces notably targeted his hands with both being broken and then told Farzat it was "just a warning"  His brother As'aad, however, claims Farzat was kidnapped from his home around 5 am by five gunmen and then taken to the airport road after being beaten "savagely"  The gunmen then warned him "not to satirize Syria's leaders"  The Local Coordination Committee (LCC), an activist group representing the rebellion in Syria, stated that his briefcase and the drawings in them were confiscated by the assailants In response to news of Farzat's ordeal, Syrian opposition members expressed outrage and several online activists changed their Facebook profile picture with that of a hospitalized Farzat in solidarity with the cartoonist  The incident provoked an outpouring of solidarity by cartoonists in the Arab world and internationally  Egyptian Al Sharouk's Waleed Taher had drawn a map of the Arab world with a face emerging out of Syria screaming "They beat up Ali Farzat, World!" Egypt's Al Masry Al Youm published a cartoon depicting a man with two amputated hands, taken aback by how another person guessed that he was a cartoonist  In the Lebanese daily Al Akhbar Nidal al-Khairy published a cartoon depicting Farzat's broken hand being stabbed by three security men smaller than the hand in size with the caption reading "The hands of the people are above their hands " Well-known Carlos Latuff of Brazil drew a rifle with a pen as its barrel pursuing a frantic al-Assad The United States condemned the attack calling it "targeted, brutal"  According to the BBC's Arab affair's analyst, Farzat's beating is a sign that the Syrian authorities "tolerance for dissent is touching zero " One month earlier, Ibrahim al-Qashoush, the alleged composer of a popular anti-government song, was found dead with his vocal cords removed Following the attack Farzat stated that he would not meet with al-Assad any longer, although he was not sure if al-Assad directly ordered the assault against him  Farzat said he would continue to criticize al-Assad, stating "I was born to be a cartoonist, to oppose, to have differences with governments that do these bad things  This is what I do "

Style
Farzat's drawings are centred around themes involving criticism of bureaucracy, corruption and hypocrisy within the government and the wealthy elite  His drawings, typically without captions, are noted for their scathing criticism and for depicting types rather than individuals  Through his cutting caricatures he gained the respect of many Arabs while drawing the ire of their governments  However, since the uprising in Syria began Farzat has been more direct in his caricatures, depicting actual figures including the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad 

Collections
A Pen of Damascus Steel: The Political Cartoons of an Arab Master (2005) Published by Cune Press www cunepress com
Passage 3:
Alireza Jamshidi
Dr Alireza Jamshidi (or Ali-Reza Jamshidi) is an official spokesman for Iran's judiciary, headed by Mahmoud Shahroudi  In that capacity, he holds regular news conferences  As he has little other public presence, his name is associated mainly with stories he has promulgated:

Imprisonment of members of the Baháʼí Faith because of their religionProsecution of doctors carrying out HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs, apparently because of links with the United StatesExecutions of juvenile offenders such as that of Mohammad Hassanzadeh for a crime committed at the age of fourteen years Denial of punishments such as stoning, which he claimed were falsely attributed to Iran by Western media
Capital punishment for “insulting religious sanctities and laws, and homosexuality ”
Passage 4:
Abu Luqman
Ali Moussa Al-Shawakh, (1973 –17 April 2018) known by his kunya Abu Luqman, Abu Ayyub al-Ansari or Ali al-Hamoud, was a Syrian man and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant governor of Raqqa, Syria as of July 2015  He used to be governor of Aleppo province 

History
Abu Luqman was born in as-Sahl village in Raqqa province  He studied law at the University of Aleppo  He is from the Ajeel clan of Raqqa  It is claimed he used to have a Sufi orientation because he followed Mahmud al-Aghasi (known as Abu Qaqa) who was the leader of Ghuraba al-Sham 
He was freed from Sednaya Prison, Damascus in the summer of 2011 by President Bashar al-Assad, at the outset of the uprising against the Syrian government 

ISIL activity
According to Ibrahim Muslem, a human-rights activist quoted by The Wall Street Journal, "Abu Luqman decides who gets the oil"  At Mr  Luqman's discretion, smugglers pay for fuel and load it into tanker trucks  Refined products from the Akrish refinery are driven more than 200 miles to Syrian villages near the Turkish border, according to Mr  Muslem 
Mohammed al-Saleh, a spokesman for the advocacy group Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently, quoted in The Wall Street Journal, said Abu Luqman replaced several foreign generals with locals after the loss of the town of Tell Abyad 
He was also responsible for the execution of Abu Saad al-Hadram, Jabhat al-Nusra's commander for Raqqa province 

2014
In early 2014, he was ISIL's chief interrogator in Raqqa province  As of April 2014, he was the IS emir of Raqqa province  In this role, he was the primary official responsible for appointing other ISIL leaders, distributing fighters among the various IS fighting fronts, and publicizing ISIL military operations  In mid-2014, he ordered the beheading of two hostages held by ISIL 
As of late 2014, he was a member of ISIL's eight-member governing council  His responsibilities for ISIL included frequently traveling across Syria to transfer ISIL prisoners  Also in late 2014, he changed his name when he was reported dead in the press as a security measure 

2015
In early 2015, he  was a member of an ISIL governance council chaired by IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi  As of early 2015, he was the senior figure in charge of ISIL detention of Western hostages In June 2015, he was the governor of Aleppo and the security emir for Syria responsible for foreign fighters  Previously as governor of Raqqa, he was responsible for executions  In July 2015, he was reappointed governor of Raqqa and was the de facto chief in Raqqa, overseeing security affairs  As of mid-2015, he was ISIL's overall security amir at a Raqqa detention facility holding more than 1,000 ISIL foreign recruits who had refused to fight 

US and UN sanctions
On 29 September 2015 he was added to the United States Department of Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control Specially Designated Nationals List The US Department of Treasury further describes his role, saying "Al-Shawakh is being designated for acting for or on behalf of ISIL, an entity designated pursuant to E O  13224  As of mid-2015, Syrian national al-Shawakh served as ISIL’s governor for Raqqa, Syria, after having served as ISIL’s senior security official for Syria and as governor in Aleppo, roles in which he directed combat assignments for foreign fighters    Al-Shawakh was in charge of ISIL’s detention of foreign hostages, and oversaw the appointment of other ISIL leaders   Al-Shawakh supervised security matters, including executions, interrogations, and transfers of ISIL prisoners, at an Raqqa detention facility used to hold foreign hostages and ISIL foreign recruits who had refused to fight   In mid-2014, al-Shawakh ordered the beheadings of two ISIL hostages   Al-Shawakh also served on a governance council chaired by ISIL leader and U S  and UN-designated SDGT Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (AKA Dr  Ibrahim al-Badri)" He is also sanctioned by the United Nations who said, "Ali Musa al-Shawakh was listed on 29 February 2016 pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 4 of resolution 2161 (2014) as being associated with Al-Qaida for “participating in the financing, planning, facilitating, preparing, or perpetrating of acts or activities by, in conjunction with, under the name of, on behalf of, or in support of” the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), listed as Al-Qaida in Iraq (QDe 115)" 

Death
Abu Luqman was reportedly killed by an Iraqi airstrike on 17 April 2018 
Passage 5:
Ali Loke
Ali Loke (née Hemingway) (born 26 May 1993 in Stevenage) is a Welsh professional squash player  She has competed in the main draw of multiple professional PSA tournaments  As of April 2019, she was ranked number 77 in the world and was the 2nd-highest internationally ranked player in Wales 
Passage 6:
Sultan Buyung
Sultan Buyung or Ali Ri'ayat Syah II (died 28 June 1589) was the ninth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra  He had a short and contested reign from 1585/85 to 1589, ending with his violent demise 

Indrapura origins
Sultan Buyung did not belong to the sultan's family of Aceh but originated from Indrapura on the west coast of Sumatra  His background is known from epigraphic data: he was the son of Munawwar Syah, son of Muhammad Syah, son of Almalik Zainuddin  This indicates that Indrapura had been ruled by a Muslim dynasty since at least 1500  The sister of Sultan Buyung, Raja Dewi, was married to Sultan Mughal alias Sri Alam who was sultan of Aceh for a brief period in 1579  At a time the prince went to Aceh to be with his widowed sister  When he had stayed there for two months the current sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah was murdered  This happened in early 1585 according to the chronicles but in 1586 according to a Portuguese account 

Contested reign
After the murder of Alauddin Mansur Syah, Sultan Buyung was raised to the throne with the throne name Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah  The precise reasons why he was selected are not known to us, but there was apparently a lack of grown-up candidates  The old sultan left a young grandson, Raja Asyem, who may have been supported by part of the orang kayas (grandees) but was too young to reign  Raja Asyem was protected by an old military of humble background, the later sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal who had allegedly murdered the boy's grandfather  Thus Aceh appears to have been politically divided during Sultan Buyung's brief reign  Of political events, we only know that the hostilities with the Portuguese in Melaka ceased in his reign  Relations between the Portuguese and the leading Malay kingdom Johor deteriorated after 1585 and the Johorese suffered a disastrous military defeat in 1587  As a consequence of this an Acehnese envoy appeared in Melaka and a peace was concluded  The result of all this was that the sea-roads between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra became free and trade expanded greatly  The peace held on for the next 19 years  Finally, the sultan was murdered under unclear circumstances on 28 June 1589 by "all the grandees" of the kingdom  Thus he was the fourth ruler in succession to be killed  The throne was now taken by Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal, who claimed descent from the 15th-century rulers of Aceh  His accession made an end to ten years of violent political infighting 
Passage 7:
Albertus Seba
Albertus or Albert Seba (May 12, 1665, Etzel near Friedeburg – May 2, 1736, Amsterdam) was a Dutch pharmacist, zoologist, and collector  Seba accumulated one of the largest cabinets of curiosities in the Netherlands during his time  He sold one of his cabinets in 1717 to Peter the Great of Russia  His later collections were auctioned after his death  He published descriptions of his collections in a lavishly illustrated 4 volume Thesaurus  His early work on taxonomy and natural history influenced Linnaeus 

Career
Born in Etzel, Seba moved to Amsterdam as an apprentice and, around 1700, opened a pharmacy near the harbour  Seba asked sailors and ship surgeons to bring exotic plants and animal products he could use for preparing drugs  Seba also started to collect snakes, birds, insects, shells, and lizards in his house 
From 1711, he delivered various medicines to the Russian court in Saint Petersburg and sometimes accepted fresh ginger as payment  Seba promoted his collection to Robert Erskine (1674–1719), the tsar's head physician, and in early 1716 Peter the Great bought the complete collection  In the following several years, Seba managed to develop another collection of natural specimens, which grew more extensive than the first 
Through Seba, Frederik Ruysch—a well-known Amsterdam physician and anatomist—also sold his collection to the tsar  Both collections so expanded Peter's imperial cabinet of curiosities that they led to the establishment of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the construction of a new building for the Kunstkammer, opened in 1728 as the first Russian public museum In October 1728, Seba had become a Fellow of the Royal Society  In 1734, he had published a Latin "treasury" (thesaurus) of animal specimens with beautiful engravings  Its full title was Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri Accurata Descriptio et Iconibus Artificiosissimus Expressio per Universam Physices Historiam ("A Careful Description and Exceedingly Artistic Expression in Pictures of the Exceedingly Rich Treasury of Nature Throughout the Entire History of Natural Science"), traditionally shortened and abbreviated in Latin as the Rerum Naturalium Thesaurus ("A Treasury of Nature") or as Seba's Thesaurus  A traditional English version of the name has been A Cabinet of Natural Curiosities, after the early modern cabinets of curiosities  The last two of the four volumes were published after his death (1759 and 1765)  Today, an original 446-plate volume is in the collection of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek in The Hague, Netherlands  Recently, a complete example of the Thesaurus sold for $460,000 at an auction  In 2001, Taschen Books published a reprint of the Thesaurus, with a second printing in 2006 In 1735, Carl Linnaeus visited Seba twice  Linnaeus found Seba's collection to be useful for the classification system which Linnaeus was developing, and Linnaeus used many of Seba's specimens as holotypes for original descriptions of species  Seba's inclusion of fantastic beasts such as the hydra influenced Linnaeus to include the "Paradoxa", species which may exist but which have not been found, in his Systema Naturae Seba himself did not use Linnaeus' taxonomy, as it was published only a year before his death  However, he did organize his Thesaurus by physical similarities, leading to some similarities with Linnaeus' larger project In 1752, several years after Seba's death, his second collection was auctioned in Amsterdam  Several objects were purchased by Russia's Academy of Sciences 

Taxa named in honor of Seba
Seba is commemorated in the scientific names of two species and one subspecies of snakes: Ninia sebae, Python sebae, and Oxyrhopus petola sebae 

Gallery
Passage 8:
Ali Elmusrati
Almoatasembellah Ali Mohamed Al-Musrati (Arabic: المعتصم بالله علي محمد المصراتي; born 6 April 1996), known simply as Al-Musrati, is a Libyan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primeira Liga club Braga and the Libya national team 

Club career
Vitória de Guimarães
Reserve team
In January 2017, he signed a three-and-a-half-year deal at Vitória de Guimarães of Portugal's Primeira Liga, on the recommendation of their former player Romano Sion  He began playing for their reserve team in LigaPro, and on 4 March 2018 scored his first goal to equalise in a 1–1 draw away to União 

First team
On 5 August 2019, Al-Musrati made his debut for the first team, playing the full 90 minutes of a 1–0 win at Feirense in the second round of the Taça da Liga  Thirteen days later he made his Primeira Liga debut in a 1–1 home draw with Boavista and was third-place in the vote for the league's best midfielder of the month, behind Bruno Fernandes and Pizzi  On 12 December, he scored his only goal for the first team, equalising in a 3–2 comeback win at Eintracht Frankfurt in the group stage of the UEFA Europa League; his club was already eliminated 

Loan to Rio Ave
Al-Musrati was loaned to Rio Ave of the same league on 29 January 2020, for the rest of the season  He, Diogo Figueiras and Nuno Santos were sent off on 17 June in a 2–1 home loss to Benfica 

Braga
On 31 July 2020, Al-Musrati signed a four-year deal at Braga, joining his former Rio Ave manager Carlos Carvalhal  His first goal was on 26 November, to open a 3–3 home draw with Leicester City in the Europa League group stage; three days later he struck for the first time in the top flight to win at the Estádio Municipal de Braga against Farense  He was voted the league's Player of the Month for February 2021 

International career
Al-Musrati was first called up for Libya at the 2014 African Nations Championship in South Africa, and played all but one game including the penalty shootout win over Ghana in the final 

Career statistics
Club
As of match played 4 June 2023

International
As of match played 28 March 2023

International goals
Scores and results list Libya's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Elmusrati goal 

Honours
Braga

Taça de Portugal: 2020–21Libya

African Nations Championship: 2014
Passage 9:
Ali Dinar
Ali Dinar (Arabic: علي دينار; 1856 – November 6, 1916) was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Darfur and ruler from the Keira dynasty   
In 1898, with the decline of the Mahdists, he managed to regain Darfur's independence 

A rebellion led by him in 1915—in the context of his giving his support to the Ottoman Empire during the First World War— led the British government to dispatch the Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition, in which he was killed in action, after which his Sultanate was incorporated into the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium 

Further reading
'Alī Dīnār, Last Sultan of Darfur, 1898–1916
Passage 10:
Mohammad Jahromi
Mohammad Jahromi (born 1958) is a former Iranian governor and politician who served as minister of labor and social affairs from 2005 to 2009 

Early life and education
Jahromi was born in Tehran in 1958  He holds a bachelor's degree in mathematics  He also received a PhD in strategic management 

Career
Jahromi was the deputy chairman for executive affairs of the Guardian Council  He was also one of the founding members of the IRGC in the provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran in 1979  He acted as an IRGC commander in Noor  In addition, he served as the governor of different provinces, including Zanjan (1982-1984), Lorestan (1984-1989) and Semnan (1984-1999)  He was among the members of secretariat of the State Expediency Council On 24 August 2005, he became the minister of labor and social affairs in the first cabinet of Mahmoud Ahmedinejad  He was approved by the Majlis with 197 votes in favor  During his tenure, he was considered to be the economic spokesperson of the government  In late 2008, he announced his candidacy for the presidential election of 2009  He was succeeded by Reza Sheykholeslam in August 2009 as minister of labor and social affairs Immediately after his removal from office, Jahromi was appointed deputy of the judiciary chief, Sadeq Larijani, in August 2009  Next Jahromi was named chief of the state-run Bank Saderat 

Sanctions
Jahromi was sanctioned by the European Union on 1 December 2011 due to his presidency at the Saderat Bank, which was also sanctioned by the Union  He was omitted from the sanction list in October 2012 

Personal life
Jahromi is the son-in-law of Ali Akbar Nategh Noori 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Gustav Skram
Johan Christian Gustav Skram (13 July 1802 – 7 April 1865) was a Danish railroad director  He was the father of danish writer Erik Skram, the second husband of Norwegian writer Amalie Skram 

Career
Skram was the first managing director of the Railway Company of Zealand, from 1844 to 1856, which ran the first railway in Denmark 

Personal life
Skram was born Johan Christian Gustav Schram in Copenhagen, the son of Gerhard Christopher Schram and Anne Johanne Christiane Jørgensen  
He was married twice, first to silk trader's daughter Johanne Margaretha Klein from 1826 to her death in 1835  In 1837 he married Justice Counsellor's daughter Ida Johanne Hoë (1814–1886)  With his second wife he had the son, writer and journalist Asbjørn Oluf Erik Skram (1847–1923), who, from 1884 to 1900, was married to noted Norwegian writer Amalie Skram 
Passage 2:
Johann Christian von Engel
Johann Christian von Engel (1770–1814) was an Austrian historian of Ukrainian, Romanian, Hungarian, Croatian, and German history 

Biography
He was born in Leutschau (today Levoča, Slovakia), then belonging to Kingdom of Hungary under Habsburg monarchy, and received his education at the University of Göttingen, where Heyne and Schlözer were among his teachers  He wrote several historical works which in their day were treasure houses of knowledge and scholarship  He was the first to put the history of Hungary, Ukraine, and the Danubian principalities on a sound scholarly basis  In 1812 he was ennobled 

Works
His greatest works are Die Geschichte der Ukraine und der ukrainische Kosaken, wie auch der Königreiche Halitsch-Wladimir ("History of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Cossacks, along with the Kingdom of Halych-Volodymyr", Halle 1796) Geschichte des ungarischen Reiches und seine Nebenländer (“History of imperial Hungary and neighboring lands,” 5 vols , 1797–1804); Geschichte der Moldau und Walachey (Halle, 1804) and Geschichte des Königreichs Ungarn (“History of the kingdom of Hungary,” 5 vols , 1814) 

Notes
Passage 3:
Johann Christian Simon Handt
Johann Christian Simon Handt (born Johann Christian Simon Hundt; 1794 – 7 July 1863) was a German-born Australian minister and missionary of Lutheran faith  Known for being Queensland's first missionary or one of the first, Handt is also said to have brought in the first pineapples in Queensland 

Early life
Handt was born Johann Christian Simon Hundt in 1794  One source lists his birthplace as Aken-on-the-Elbe, Saxony, Germany, others list Prussia  His mother died in 1813 and his father in 1816  He changed his surname to "Handt" after being constantly laughed at for his surname sounding like "Hund" (German for "dog")  Handt went on to become a tailor before enrolling as a missionary; in 1822, Handt moved to Switzerland to attend the Basle Missionary Institute in Basel  He graduated in January 1827 

Career and personal life
In around 1830, the London Missionary Society dispatched Handt to work with natives in Australia, alongside a few other Germans  Handt reached Sydney on 25 June 1831  That year, he travelled with his wife to Wellington, New South Wales, to start missionary work for the New South Wales Church Mission Society  Their work came to an end when one of them came down with an illness and the couple were forced to return to Sydney  He is credited as the first German missionary in New South Wales, and one of the first missionaries in Queensland Handt is credited with having brought in the first pineapples in Queensland  Handt married Mary Crook (died 1844), the eldest daughter of educator and missionary William Pascoe Cook, in July 1832  They had three children — Sarah, Wilhelm, and Ambrosius  Handt was a Lutheran 

Final years and death
One source states that Handt died at a prison hospital in Geelong, Victoria, on 7 July 1863, aged 70  Another source writes that he died at his residence in Bond Street, Chillwell  It is unclear as to where Handt is buried 

Notes
Passage 4:
Charles Tisch
Carl Johann Christian "Charles" Tisch was an American politician, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, and historical person for whom Tisch Mills, Wisconsin, was named



ground_truth: Albertus Seba

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died first, Tex And The Lord Of The Deep or Henry Goes Arizona?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Henry Goes Arizona
Henry Goes Arizona is a 1939 American Western film starring Frank Morgan 

Plot
Henry "Hank" Conroy is as an actor, who inherits his dead brother's ranch  While adjusting to the country there, he is threatened by a gang who is after the ranch  The film was directed by Edwin L  Marin 

Cast
Passage 2:
Nigel D'Oyly
Nigel D'Oyly was an 11th- and 12th-century nobleman of England and, in 1120, the Lord of Oxford Castle, and briefly the Lord of Wallingford Castle 

Biography
He was son of Walter D'Oyly and younger brother of Robert D'Oyly, follower of William the Conqueror and founder of Oxford Castle 
At some point between 1086 and 1094, D'Oyly was granted possession of two mills on the west side of Grandpont by Abbot Columbanus of Oxford; however, by 1109 the mills were recorded as having been reconfirmed to the abbey D'Oyly married Agnes, and left two sons, Robert D'Oyly the younger, the eldest son, who succeeded as Lord High Constable and Baron of Hocknorton and Fulk, buried at Eynesham in 1126  In 1120, King Henry I of England caused Edith Forne, his concubine, to marry Robert  As a marriage portion, he gave her the Manor of Cleydon, Buckinghamshire 
Passage 3:
Edwin L  Marin
Edwin L  Marin (February 21, 1899 – May 2, 1951) was an American film director who directed 58 films between 1932 and 1951, working with Randolph Scott, Anna May Wong, John Wayne, Peter Lorre, George Raft, Bela Lugosi, Judy Garland, Eddie Cantor, and Hoagy Carmichael, among many others 

Biography
Marin was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, and died in Los Angeles, California  He studied at the University of Pennsylvania and broke into the industry as an assistant director at Paramount-Famous Players Studio on Long Island  He came to Hollywood in 1926 and worked as an assistant director at First National  He started directing in 1932 for Universal He was under contract to MGM from 1934 to 1941  In December 1940 he married Ann Morriss, an actress under contract to MGM  In November 1944 he signed a contract with RKO to make two films a year for two years starting with Johnny Angel with George Raft  It was a hit 
When he died he was under contract to Warner Bros  He died in Cedars Lebannon after a three week illness, aged 52 years old He was married to actress Ann Morriss  They had three children: Denis Anthony, Reese Andrew and Randi Alexandra  He was survived by his wife and children, his father, two brothers and two sisters 

Selected filmography
Passage 4:
Tex and the Lord of the Deep
Tex and the Lord of the Deep  (Italian: Tex e il signore degli abissi) is a 1985 Western film co-written and directed by Duccio Tessari and starring Giuliano Gemma and William Berger  The film is an adaptation of the Tex comic series that were popular in Italy  Previously attempted to be made into a production in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the film was eventually made by Tessari who adapted the film from the comics originally to be a pilot for a television series 

Production
Tex Willer was created in 1948 in Italy and became one of the country's most popular and long-lived comic book characters  Attempts to adapt the Tex comic series to film appeared as early as the late 1960s  These included Sergio Bonelli working on an adaptation with Charlton Heston (as Tex) and Jack Palance (as Kit) being considered for the roles  Bonelli approached Tonino Valerii and Enzo G  Castellari to approach the character  Valerii recalled being approached by Gian Luigi Bonelli in the early 1970s  Valerii liked the idea but found that Bonelli wanted to make a film where he would personally handle the costumes and changed the original story which never got into production In the early 1980s, Duccio Tessari took on the project that was initially conceived as a pilot for a television series produced by RAI, Italy's national public broadcasting company  Giuliano Gemma was cast as Tex who had worked with Tessari on several films in the past, including A Pistol for Ringo, My Son, the Hero, Kiss Kiss   Bang Bang and The Cats  Tessari and his screenwriters focused on three stories from the Tex comics with fantastic undertones  These included El Morisco, Sierra Encantada and Il signore dell'abisso which were written by Bonelli and drawn by Guglielmo Letteri Filming took place between May and June 1985 in Italy and Spain 

Release and reception
Tex and the Lord of the Deep was released theatrically in Italy in 1985  Italian film historian and critic Roberto Curti wrote that the film was "ravaged" by critics and had disappointing box office returns Giuliano Gemma spoke negatively about the film after its release, stating that the idea of making the film was good and that he was "delighted to accept it, but I think that, first of all, they made a mistake by choosing to adapt that story, Il signore dell'abisso, because there are such better ones in the series and [several] less difficult to turn into a film "The planned television series of the film was never made 

See also
List of films based on comics
List of Italian films of 1985
Passage 5:
John I, Lord of Polanen
John I, Lord of Polanen (c  1285 – 26 September 1342) was Lord of Polanen, Lord of De Lek and Lord of Breda 

Life
John was a son of Philips III van Duivenvoorde (?-c  1308) and Elisabeth van Vianen 

Lord of Polanen
Upon the death of his father, John I became Lord of Polanen Castle  In his early years, John got help from his uncle Diederik van der Wale 

Lord of Heemskerk
In 1327 John bought Oud Haerlem  Castle and the lordships (ambachtsheerlijkheden) of Heemskerk and Castricum  The price was only 100 pounds In 1328 John took part in the Battle of Cassel, and in 1329 he was knighted  In 1339 he became bailiff of Kennemerland

Lord of Breda
In 1322 John married Catharina van Van Brederode (died 1372)  He was the father of John II, Lord of Polanen 
Passage 6:
Sgouros Spata
Sgouros Spata (Albanian: Skurra Bua Shpata; fl  1399–1403) was the Lord of Arta briefly in 1400, and the Lord of Angelokastron from 1401 until his death in 1403, during warfare in a civil war 

Life
Shortly before John Spata died on 29 October (1399, according to Nicol; 1400 according to others), he appointed his brother, Sgouros, ruler of Naupactus, as his successor as the despot of Arta  A few days after Sgouros took over Arta, however, the town was captured by the adventurer Vonko  While Sgouros fled to Angelokastron, a short time after, possibly as early as December 1399 (or by the end of 1401), Maurice Spata, his grandnephew, managed to evict Vonko from Arta and took over the governance of the city himself, while Sgouros thus took over governance of Angelokastron In 1402/3, Maurice came to Sgouros' aid when the latter was besieged at Angelokastron by the forces of Carlo I Tocco  The attack, under Carlo's general Galasso Peccatore, was repulsed, but Sgouros died soon after, from wounds suffered in the war, leaving his possessions to his son Paul Spata 

Aftermath
Sgouros was succeeded by his son Paul, who became an Ottoman vassal and was aided with a contingent that was defeated by Tocco in 1406, after the latter had turned on the offensive, Angelokastron was ceded to the Turks and Paul retired to Naupaktos, however he sold it in 1407 to the Republic of Venice  Because of Paul's withdrawal, Maurice Spata and Tocco divided Aetolia and Acarnania between themselves  In 1408, Tocco holds Angelokastron 

Annotations
Passage 7:
Henry Brandeston
Henry Brandeston (or Henry of Braunstone) was a medieval Bishop of Salisbury 

Life
Brandeston held the offices of archdeacon of Wiltshire, archdeacon of Dorset, and Dean of Salisbury, all in the diocese of Salisbury Brandeston was elected bishop on 2 January 1287 and consecrated on 1 June 1287  He was enthroned at Salisbury Cathedral on 19 October 1287 Brandeston died on 11 February 1288 

Citations
Passage 8:
Duccio Tessari
Duccio Tessari (11 October 1926 – 6 September 1994) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and actor, considered one of the fathers of Spaghetti Westerns Born in Genoa, Tessari started in the fifties as documentarist and as screenwriter of peplum films  In 1964 he co-wrote Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars, one year later he gained an impressive commercial success and launched the Giuliano Gemma's career with A Pistol for Ringo and its immediate sequel, The Return of Ringo He later touched different genres and worked in RAI, directing some successful TV-series  He died of cancer in Rome, at 67  He was married to actress Lorella De Luca 

Filmography
Note: The films listed as N/A are not necessarily chronological 
Passage 9:
John II, Lord of Polanen
John III, Lord of Polanen (c  1325 – 3 November 1378 in Breda) was Lord of Polanen, Lord of De Lek and Lord of Breda 

Life
He was a son of John I, Lord of Polanen and Catherine of Brederode  Polanen Castle near Monster was the ancestral seat of the family  In 1327 John I had acquired Oud Haerlem Castle  In 1339, John II purchased the Lordship of Breda and built Breda Castle, together with his father 
John succeeded his father in 1342 and also took over his father's position as councilor of the Count of Holland and Zeeland  In the autumn of 1343, he accompanied Count William IV on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land  He also participated in a crusade against the Prussians  He was not present in the September 1345 campaign against the Frisians, which saw William IV killed during the disastrous Battle of Warns  On 17 November 1345, John II granted Polanen Castle in arrear fief to his younger brother Philip I of Polanen 

First phase of the Hook and Cod Wars
William of Duivenvoorde and his nephew John II were leaders of what would become known as the 'Hook' party during the Hook and Cod wars  In 1350, they travelled to Hainaut to pay homage to Countess Margaret II  Somewhere between 1347 and 1350, John was appointed Burgrave of Geertruidenberg  In 1350, he purchased the Land of Breda for 43000 florins from John III, Duke of Brabant  He also acquired high justice over Breda 
The Hook and Cod wars started in earnest in about March 1351  Polanen Castle was besieged for 2 weeks and then demolished  Oud Haerlem Castle was taken after a siege which lasted more than 6 months, even though John van not present  The Siege of Geertuidenberg Castle lasted from October 1351 to August 1352  Here John's brother Philip commanded as his lieutenant  As a result of the war John lost the Lordship of De Lek 

During the regency of Albert of Bavaria
In 1358, Albert of Bavaria became regent of Holland for his brother  This was good for the members of the old Hook faction  In 1358 John was somewhat compensated for his losses with other fiefs and possessions 

In Brabant
Whatever the later events in Holland, John seems to have concentrated his efforts on extending his holdings in the Breda area  It made him more of a Brabant than a Holland lord 
John II was captured during the 1371 Battle of Baesweiler  He was released several months later, after his relatives had paid a ransom  In 1375, he was appointed stadtholder of the Great Holme 
John II died in 1378 and was buried in the Church of Our Lady in Breda 

Marriages and issue
John II of Polanen married three times 
In 1340, he married Oda of Horne-Altena (1318-1353), daughter of Willem IV of Horne  They had three children:

John III, his heir
Beatrice (c  1344 – 1394); married Henry VIII, the son of Henry VII, Lord of Bautershem, who was also Lord of Bergen op Zoom as Henry I, and his wife, Maria Merxheim, Lady of Wuustwezel and Brecht
Oda (c  1351 – 15th century), married Henry III, Burgrave of MontfoortIn 1353, he married Matilda (c  1324 – 1366), an illegitimate daughter of John III, Duke of Brabant   They had two sons:

Dirck of the Leck (d  1416), married Gilisje of Cralingen   He was outlawed for a while, because he was suspected of having participated in the murder of Aleid van Poelgeest
Henry of the Leck (d  1427), married Jeanne of Ghistelles, and was a councillor of Countess Jacqueline of HollandIn 1370, he married Margaret, a daughter of Otto, Lord of Lippe and Irmgard of the Marck   They had one son:

Otto (d  before 20 October 1428), married before 1396 to Sophia, a daughter of Count Frederick III of Bergh-'s-Heerenberg and Catherine of Buren
Passage 10:
Doug Adams (music journalist)
Doug Adams is a musician, author, lecturer, and educator  He is the author of The Music of the Lord of the Rings Films, a book about the music in The Lord of the Rings films 

Career
Adams previously worked for Film Score Monthly where, among other articles, he wrote extensive analyses of the themes used in John Williams' Star Wars film scores 
After graduate school in 2001, Adams was selected by Howard Shore to observe and document his work on The Lord of the Rings films  Adams spent just under ten years writing the book, The Music of the Lord of the Rings Films  He also wrote the booklets and liner notes packaged with the extended versions of The Lord of the Rings scores  Adams also works at Hickory Creek Middle School in Frankfort, Illinois as a band director 
Adams' association with Howard Shore continued in 2011, during which time he acted as an advisor to Shore's The Lord of the Rings in Concert series  and produced a recording of an orchestrion for the film Hugo In late 2013, he was seen in two documentaries: The Songs of the Hobbit (which was included with the extended edition of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey) and The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, Production Video 14  In 2014, he appeared in The Music of the Hobbit, an hour-long documentary that was included on the extended edition of The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug  In the video, Adams discussed Howard Shore's music and demonstrated themes at the keyboard  He also authored the liner notes that accompanied the three albums of the Hobbit film scores 
It was announced on The Modern Musician podcast that Adams has written book titled Impossible Silence, which covers silent films and the history of film music 
Adams is listed as a participant in the Star Wars documentary The Prequels Strike Back: A Fan's Journey, in which he "sits down with his piano to highlight some of the masterful ways John Williams makes parallels between the original and prequel trilogy "On November 25, 2016, Howard Shore confirmed that Adams was working on a book that will cover the music of The Hobbit films  It was set to be released in 2017,  but it has not been published as of 2022 

Personal life
Adams and his wife live in Chicago  He is a percussionist 

Bibliography
The Music of The Lord of the Rings Films (2010) 
Context 3: 

Biography
Tisch was born on May 26, 1829, in Eutin, Germany  In 1851, he settled in what is now Mishicot (town), Wisconsin, in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin  He would build a sawmill and gristmills in what would become Tisch Mills, Wisconsin, which was named after him  On January 10, 1895, Tisch died of blood poisoning in Wausau, Wisconsin 

Political career
Tisch was a member of the Assembly in 1877 and 1878  Other positions he held include County Judge of Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, from 1870 to 1874  He was a Democrat 
Passage 5:
Li Jun (table tennis)
Li Jun (born 30 June 1967) is a female Chinese former international table tennis player  She later represented Japan under the name Junko Haneyoshi She won bronze medal's at the 1989 World Table Tennis Championships and the 1991 World Table Tennis Championships in the women's doubles with Ding Yaping 

See also
List of table tennis players
List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists
Passage 6:
Johann Christian Hüttner
Johann Christian Hüttner (25 May 1766 – 24 May 1847) was a German translator who settled in the United Kingdom 

Life
Hüttner was born at Guben in Lusatia, Germany  He graduated from the University of Leipzig in 1791, and went to England, as tutor to George Thomas Staunton, son of Sir George Staunton, 1st Baronet  He went with his pupil to China in Lord Macartney's embassy, and was sometimes employed to write official letters in Latin 

In 1807 Hüttner was appointed as translator to the Foreign Office, after Charles Burney, pleased with details on Chinese music, lobbied George Canning  As such he translated from Spanish into German the appeal by Pedro Cevallos to the nations of Europe on Napoleon's invasion of Spain  He kept up relations with Germany, and acted as literary agent to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar Hüttner's death, after a street accident, took place on 24 May 1847, at Fludyer Street, Westminster 

Works
Hüttner sent accounts of experiences in China to friends in Germany  A copy of them was sold to a Leipzig bookseller, and friends brought out an authentic text, which appeared at Berlin in 1797, entitled Nachricht von der brittischen Gesandtschaftsreise durch China und einen Theil der Tartarei  The work anticipated the official account  French translations were published in 1799 and 1804 Other works were:

De Mythis Platonis, Leipzig, 1788;
Hindu Gesetzbuch oder Menu's Verordnungen, an edited translation of Sir William Jones's English translation of the Laws of Manu from the Sanskrit, Weimar, 1797;
Englische Miscellen herausgegeben (Bd  5-25), Tübingen, 1800 and onwards;
An edition, with German notes, of James Townley's farce High Life Below Stairs, Tübingen, 1802 He also contributed to German encyclopedias and periodicals 

Family
Hüttner was twice married, but left no issue 

Notes

Attribution This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed  (1891)  "Hüttner, Johann Christian"  Dictionary of National Biography  Vol  28  London: Smith, Elder & Co 
Passage 7:
Johann Christian Gustav Lucae
Johann Christian Gustav Lucae (14 March 1814, Frankfurt am Main – 3 February 1885, Frankfurt am Main) was a German anatomist known for his studies in the field of craniology 

Biography
From 1833 he studied medicine at the universities of Marburg and Würzburg, receiving his doctorate at Marburg in 1839  After graduation he settled as a general practitioner in his hometown of Frankfurt



ground_truth: Henry Goes Arizona

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are Ding Yaping and Johann Christian Gustav Lucae of the same nationality?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Beginning in 1845 he worked as a lecturer of pathology at the Senckenberg Institute of Anatomy  From 1851 he taught classes in anatomy and subsequently became director of the institute, a position he maintained up until his death  In 1863 he obtained the title of professor, and in 1869 began teaching anatomy classes at the Städel Art Institute 

In collaboration with sculptor Eduard Schmidt von der Launitz, he developed improved methods for drawing anatomical objects Lucae was one of the 56 fouding members of the Freies Deutsches Hochstift (Free German Foundation) 

Selected writings
Schädelzeichnungen, 1840 – – Anatomical drawings of skulls 
Zur Morphologie des Säugethier-Schädels, 1872 – The morphology of mammal skulls 
Affen- und Menschenschädel im Bau und Wachsthum verglichen, 1873 – Monkey and human skulls in construction and growth compared 
Zur Morphologie der Rassen-Schädel, einleitende Bemerkungen und Beiträge; ein Sendschreiben an Carl Ernst v  Baer, 1876 – The morphology of racial skulls;  Introductory remarks and contributions; a missive to Karl Ernst von Baer 
Die Robbe und die Otter (Phoca vitulina und Lutra vulgaris) : in ihrem Knochen-und Muskel-skelet, 1876 – The seal and the otter (Lutra vulgaris and Phoca vitulina): involving bone and musculoskeleton 
Die statik und mechanik der quadrupeden an dem skelet und den muskeln eines lemur und eines choloepus, 1883 – The statics and mechanics of quadrupeds     the skeleton and muscles of lemurs and Choloepus 
Passage 8:
Johann Christian Jacobi (oboist)
Johann Christian Jacobi (1719 – 1784) was a German oboist and composer of the Baroque period 

Life
Jacobi was born in Tilsit, Prussian Lithuania (now Sovetsk, Russia)  He had his first lessons on the oboe from his father, a skilled player of the violin and oboe  After the premature death of his father, he spent a period of self-tuition before moving to Berlin where he immediately sought lessons with the royal Kammermusicus and famous oboe virtuoso Peter Glösch  In 1746, he was accepted into the Hofkapelle of Frederick the Great and, at this time, began studying composition with his colleague, the flautist Friedrich Wilhelm Riedt By 1754, Jacobi was employed as the principal oboist in the Hofkapelle of Frederick the Great's cousin, Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt in Berlin  On the recommendation of Johann Joachim Quantz, in 1768 King Frederick appointed Jacobi as the director of the Hautboistenschule in Potsdam, responsible for training the nearly 2,000 oboists in the Prussian army Jacobi was a member of the "Freitagsakademien" (Friday academies), a musical society which met each Friday at the house of Johann Gottlieb Janitsch  For Jacobi, Janitsch was said to have composed all manner of trios, quartets and concertos in "all the usual and unusual keys"  Such pieces allowed Jacobi to improve his skills as an oboist, and earned him a great reputation amongst Berlin's musical societies  Two works  by Janitsch bear a dedication to Jacobi, and several other works in extremely uncharacteristic keys for the oboe by Janitsch can be presumed to have been composed for him  They are a testament to his great skill on the instrument  Bruce Haynes lists him among the great oboists of the baroque period Unfortunately, no compositions by Jacobi have survived 
Passage 9:
Johann Gottlieb Kugelann
Johann Gottlieb Kugelann (2 January 1753 – 8 September 1815) was a German entomologist  A pharmacist by profession, Kugelann worked on Coleoptera He published (with Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger and Johann Christian Ludwig Hellwig) in 1798 Verzeichniss der Käfer Preussens 
Passage 10:
Ding Yaping
Ding Yaping (born in 1967), not to be confused with Deng Yaping, is a female Chinese and German former international table tennis player She won bronze medal's at the 1989 World Table Tennis Championships and the 1991 World Table Tennis Championships in the women's doubles with Li Jun She later represented Germany 

See also
List of table tennis players
List of World Table Tennis Championships medalists



ground_truth: yes