prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both films The Reincarnation Of Golden Lotus and I'Ll Get By (Film) have the directors from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Clara Law
Clara Law Cheuk-yiu (traditional Chinese: 羅卓瑤; simplified Chinese: 罗卓瑶; pinyin: Luó Zhuóyáo; Jyutping: lo4 coek3 jiu4, born 29 May 1957 in Macau) is a Hong Kong Second Wave film director who currently resides in Australia 

Early life
Clara Law was born on 29 May 1957 in Macau  At the age of 10 she moved to Hong Kong  Law studied at the University of Hong Kong and graduated with a degree in English Literature  In 1978 she joined Radio Television Hong Kong as an assistant producer and director  During her time there she tried many aspects of television from screenwriting to directing  Between 1978 and 1981 she directed twelve drama programs for the television channel  In 1982 she began studying film direction and writing at the National Film and Television School in England  She won the Silver Plaque Award at the Chicago Film Festival in 1985 for her graduation film They Say the Moon is Fuller Here 

Career
1985–1994
In 1985 she returned to Hong Kong and began development on her first long feature film The Other Half and the Other Half, which was released in 1988  Since her return to Hong Kong she has worked with Eddie Fong on all of her projects  In 1989 she created her second film The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus  The film was screened at the Toronto Film Festival and was released commercially in the US  A year later she created Farewell China  It won the Special Jury Award at the Torino Film Festival  She was also nominated for best director at the Hong Kong Film Awards for the film  She directed Fruit Punch in 1991, which was a commercial film produced by a large Hong Kong film studio  In 1992 she directed and produced Autumn Moon  The film was a hit in the film festival circuit  It won the Golden Leopard Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 1992, as well as the European Art Theatres Association Best Picture Award and the Youth Special Jury Award in Switzerland and the Best Screenplay in Valencia (1994)  It was also awarded at the Belgium and Portugal film festivals  Autumn Moon was selected for official screenings at the New York Film Festival as well as in Sundance, Toronto, London, Rotterdam, Gothenburg, Thessaloniki, Nantes, San Francisco, Créteil, Dublin, Puerto Rico, Seattle, Jerusalem, New Delhi, Wellington, Midnight Sun Finland, Rio de Janeiro, Reykjavik, Ghent, Munich, Ankara, Sydney and Melbourne  In 1993 she released Temptation of a Monk  The film is an adaptation of a novella by Lillian Lee  The film was shot entirely on location in the north and northwestern part of China  The film was selected for competition at the Venice Film Festival in 1993  It won the Grand Prix at the Créteil International Film Festival in France (1994)  The film was also selected for official screenings at the Toronto, Sundance, Rotterdam and Brisbane film festivals, and as the closing film at the L A  Film Festival  In 1994, Law finished a segment of the movie Erotique called Wonton Soup  Later that year she and Eddie Fong moved to Australia 

1994 – present
She moved to Australia with Eddie Fong in 1994  The pair's first film after their move to Australia is Floating Life, which was completed in 1996  It won the Silver Leopard Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 1996, and two other awards including Best Film, it was selected by Prix FICC and the "Ambiente salute: Qualita di vita" award  It also won the Best Film and Best Director Awards at the Gijon International Film Festival in Spain, and the Grand Prix at the Créteil International Film Festival in France  It was nominated for three awards at the Australian Film Institute Awards including Best Director and Best Screenplay, and it received nine nominations at the Golden Horse International Film Festival in Taiwan, including the awards for Best Film, Best Director and Best Screenplay  Floating Life was also Australia's official entry in the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 69th Academy Awards (1997)  The film was also screened at the Sydney, Melbourne, London, Rotterdam, Hof, Stockholm, Toronto and Hawaii film festivals  The Goddess of 1967, shot on location in the outback of Australia and Tokyo, was completed in 2000  It was in competition at the Venice film festival in 2000 where Rose Byrne won the Best Actress Award  What's more, Clara Law was nominated for the Golden Lion in Venice  The film also pocketed the Best Director Award at the Chicago International Film Festival, the Best Director Award at the Teplice Art Film Festival in Slovakia and the FIPRESCI Critics' Award for Best Film at the Tromsø Film Festival in Norway  The film was also selected for official screenings at the Toronto, London, Pusan, Hof, Vancouver, Hawaii, Taipei, Rotterdam, Jerusalem, Karlovy Vary and Oslo film festivals  She directed her first digital documentary in 2004 called Letters to Ali with Eddie Fong who co-produced, edited, and shot the film  The film was selected for competition at the Venice Film Festival and for official screenings at the Toronto, Pusan, Gothenburg and Melbourne film festivals  She completed Like a Dream in 2009  This film marked her return to Asia  The film was nominated in nine categories at the 2009 Golden Horse Awards  It also opened the 2010 Hong Kong International Film Festival  In 2010, Law made a short film, Red Earth, commissioned by the Hong Kong International Film Festival  The short was selected in the Horizon category at the 2010 Venice film festival Law's films explore themes surrounding migration and exile, including loyalty, family, love, and nostalgia  She has used a variety of visual and narrative styles throughout her oeuvre to interrogate cultural dislocation and its effect on individuals and communities 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
See also
List of graduates of University of Hong Kong
Passage 2:
I'll Get By (film)
I'll Get By is a 1950 American comedy musical film directed by Richard Sale, and starring June Haver, Gloria DeHaven and William Lundigan 
This story follows themes explored in 1940's Tin Pan Alley, with updated characters and music  The plot revolves around songwriters and their struggles in the music industry 

Plot
Song plugger Bill Spencer runs into Liza Martin, literally  He slams a door into her accidentally while rushing to bring a new recording to Peter Pepper, an influential New York disc jockey  The record breaks 
After he is fired, Bill opens his own music publishing business  He hires a secretary, Miss Murphy, and gains a partner in Freddy Lee, a young man from Texas, with whom he peddles a song that piano player Chester Dooley has written  They hear the singer Terry Martin is performing with trumpeter Harry James at a club, so they go there to pitch the song to her  Terry's sister is also in the act; she is Liza, the girl Bill once awkwardly met 
Freddy annoys Terry but the girls like the song, "I'll Get By," and agree to record it  Before long, it and they become huge successes  But, before a benefit in Hollywood, when the actress Jeanne Crain asks to perform the song, Bill says no because he promised it to Liza, but behind his back, Freddy agrees to let the actress have it  A furious Liza leaves Bill and refuses to listen to his attempts to explain 
The boys are drafted into the Marines, and when they report to a San Diego base, they run into Miss Murphy, who is now stationed there as an officer  After the boys ship out for duty, Miss Murphy goes out of her way to explain to Liza and Terry what happened with the song  The girls go on a USO show tour to the South Pacific where the guys have been sent, and all are reunited 

Cast
June Haver as Liza Martin
William Lundigan as William Spencer
Gloria DeHaven as Terry Martin
Dennis Day as Freddy Lee
Thelma Ritter as Miss Murphy
Harry James as Harry James (himself)
Jeanne Crain as Jeanne Crain (herself)
Steve Allen as Peter Pepper
Harry Antrim as Mr  Olinville
Danny Davenport as Chester Dooley
Dan Dailey as Pvt  Dan Dailey (himself)

Awards
Lionel Newman received a nomination for the 1951 Academy Award in the category of Best Music, Scoring for this film 
Passage 3:
The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus
The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (Chinese: 潘金蓮之前世今生) is a 1989 Hong Kong film directed by Clara Law and produced by Teddy Robin, and written by Lilian Lee  The film stars Joey Wong, Eric Tsang, Wilson Lam, Pal Sinn, and Ku Feng  The film premiered in Taiwan on 4 August 1989 

Plot
During Song Dynasty, Pan Jinlian was beheaded by the warder, she is reborn into the body of a baby girl named Shan Yulian, in Shanghai, after the Chinese Communist Revolution 
The war orphaned Shan Yulian at an early age  She graduated from Shanghai Arts School, majoring in Ballet 
In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution, Shan Yulian was brought to be persecuted and suffered political persecution by the CPC Government, she was raped by the President of Shanghai Dance Troupe  During the Down to the Countryside Movement, Shan Yulian was sent to the May Seventh Cadre Schools to work, she married a stupid farmer Wu Da, but she falls in love with Wu Da's brother, Wu Long, at the same time, Simon, who is a local playboy start to pursue her, and she falls into a love triangle with Wu Long and Simon 

Cast
Joey Wong as Pan Jinlian/ Shan Yulian
Eric Tsang as Wu Da
Wilson Lam as Wu Long
Pal Sinn as Simon
Ku Feng

Release
The film was first released in Taiwan on 4 August 1989, and it was given a wider release on 16 February 1990 
The film was screened at the Toronto Festival of Festivals 
The film grossed $8,160,911 00 million 

Award
Passage 4:
9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu
The 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (January 6, 1933 – March 1, 2012) was the 9th reincarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the third highest lama in the Tibetan Buddhism hierarchy and the spiritual leader of the Gelug lineage among the Khalkha Mongols  Although recognized as the reincarnation of the Bogd Khan in 1936, his identity was kept a secret by the Dalai Lama until 1990, due to the persecution of the Buddhist religion by the Communist Mongolian People's Republic, and he did not reside in Mongolia until the final year of his life 

Biography
He was born as Jampal Namdol Chökyi Gyaltsen on the tenth day of the eleventh month of Water Monkey year (6 January 1933) near the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet  Six months after his birth, his parents separated and his mother left him in the care of his uncle who was a bodyguard of the thirteenth Dalai Lama  The thirteenth Dalai Lama died in December 1933, and Reting Rinpoche became Regent of Tibet until a new Dalai Lama was discovered and crowned  In 1936, because of the inability of the Mongolian lamas to proclaim the discovery of the ninth Khutughtu, Reting Rinpoche recognised Jampal Namdol Chökyi Gyaltsen, then aged four, as the reincarnation of the Jetsundamba Khutughtu, after the boy passed three sets of tests  Due to the complex political situation, his existence was kept a secret  At the age of seven, he entered the Drepung Monastery, but because his identity was kept secret, he could not enter the Khalkha Mitsen, but had to follow the life of a common monk  At age 25, he renounced his monastic vows and became a householder, took a wife and had two children  When the fourteenth Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet in 1959, Jampal Namdol did also, fearing that his identity would be revealed and he would be killed or used by the Communists for propaganda 

In exile in India, he worked at various jobs, including in the Tibetan language section of All India Radio, and at Tibet House in New Delhi  His first wife died, and he remarried  In 1975, his family (now including seven children) moved to Karnataka  In 1984, Jampal Namdol visited Lhasa, and in 1990 the Dalai Lama issued a statement revealing the identity of the ninth Khutughtu  In 1991 the Dalai Lama performed an installation ceremony in Madhya Pradesh and in 1992 an enthronement ceremony in Dharmshala for the ninth Jebtsundamba Khutughtu  In July 1999, while visiting Mongolia on a tourist visa, Jampal Namdol took part in an enthronement ceremony at the Gandantegchinlen Khiid Monastery in Ulaanbaatar  He continued to live in exile in India  Now he was considered the leader of Mongolian Buddhists  In 2010 he came to Mongolia at the invitation of the Gandantegchinlin monastery and received Mongolian citizenship, but returned to Dharamshala afterwards  Then he returned to Mongolia  In November 2011 he was enthroned as the head of Buddhists of Mongolia The 14th Dalai Lama appointed the 9th Jebtsundamba to develop the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism Rinpoche died on March 1, 2012, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a prolonged illness On November 23, 2016, during a visit to Mongolia, the Dalai Lama announced his belief that the 10th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu had been reborn in Mongolia and that a process for identifying him had begun  He was found and was anointed on 8 March 2023 by Dalai Lama in India 

See also
Mongolians in India
Passage 5:
Richard Sale (director)
Richard Sale, (December 17, 1911 in New York – March 4, 1993 in Los Angeles) was an American screenwriter, pulp writer, and film director 

Career
Born in New York City, Sale was educated at Washington and Lee University Sale started his career writing as a freelance writer for pulps in the Thirties, appearing regularly in Detective Fiction Weekly (with the Daffy Dill series ), Argosy, Double Detective, and a number of other magazines  In the Forties, he graduated to slick publications like The Country Gentleman and The Saturday Evening Post  In the 1930s, Sale was one of the highest-paid pulp writers   In the mid-Forties to mid-Fifties, he made a career change from writing magazine fiction to screenplays  He became a writer for Paramount pictures, a writer-director for Republic Pictures, 20th Century-Fox, British Lion, United Artists, and Columbia pictures  He also became a television writer, director, and producer for Columbia Broadcasting System Sale's 1936 novel Not Too Narrow, Not Too Deep was filmed as Strange Cargo (1940) starring Joan Crawford and Clark Gable 
He directed several films, including A Ticket to Tomahawk (1950), Meet Me After the Show (1951) with Betty Grable, Let's Make It Legal (1951) featuring one of Marilyn Monroe's earliest film appearances, Malaga (1954), and Gentlemen Marry Brunettes (1955) with Jane Russell  He also wrote many screenplays, Suddenly (1954), The French Line (1954) and  Gentlemen Marry Brunettes, both with Mary Loos, his wife at the time, The Oscar (1966), The White Buffalo (1977) and Assassination (1987)  Alongside his work for many production companies, Sale wrote over 400 short stories Together with Mary Loos, he created the Western television series Yancy Derringer which ran for one season in 1958–59 
Sale died in 1993 after complications from two strokes 

Selected screenplay filmography
As director
Some of these additional movies were found in the Los Angeles Times 
Passage 6:
Max Ehrlich (writer)
Max Simon Ehrlich (October 10, 1909 – February 11, 1983) was an American writer  He is best known for the novel The Reincarnation of Peter Proud and the movie of the same name 

Biography
Early life and education
Max Simon Ehrlich was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on October 10, 1909 to Simon and Sarah Ehrlich  He received a B A  degree from the University of Michigan in 1933 

Career
Ehrlich began his career in newspapers, working as a correspondent for the Albany, New York Knickerbocker Press and Evening News during his college years, then after graduating as a feature writer for the Springfield, Massachusetts Republican  From there he turned to radio, working as the chief writer of the script division of WSPR in 1938 and 1939, in the script division of the American Jewish Committee from 1939 to 1941, and from 1941 to 1945 he was the assistant script director of the radio division of the American Red Cross After 1945, Ehrlich was a novelist, playwright, radio and TV dramatist, and author of adaptations for radio, television, and feature films  He wrote radio scripts for series including The Big Story, The Shadow, Big Town, Mr  and Mrs  North, and Murder at Midnight  His television work included scripts for the series Barney Blake, The Big Story, The Defenders, The Nurses, The United States Steel Hour, and Star Trek (episode "The Apple")  Three of his feature film scripts (listed below) were adaptations of his own novels 

Marriage and children
Ehrlich married and had two daughters  One daughter, Amy Ehrlich, is a writer of books for children 

Death
Ehrlich died on February 11, 1983 

Published books
The Big Eye (Doubleday, 1949)
Spin the Glass Web (Harper & Brothers, 1952)
First Train to Babylon (Harper, 1955)
The Takers (Harper, 1961)
Deep is the Blue (Doubleday, 1964)
The High Side (Fawcett Publications, 1970)
The Edict (Doubleday, 1971)
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud (Bobbs-Merrill, 1974)
The Savage is Loose (Bantam Books, 1974)
The Cult (Simon & Schuster, 1978)
Reincarnation in Venice (Simon & Schuster, 1979)
Naked Beach (Granada, 1979)
The Big Boys (Houghton Mifflin, 1981)
Shaitan (Arbor House, 1981)

Filmography
Films
Television
Awards
1944: Writers' War Board Award
1963: Huntington Hartford Foundation Fellowship
Passage 7:
Pal Sinn
Pal Sinn Lap-man (born 17 March 1959) is a Hong Kong musician, singer and actor Sinn is noted for his roles as Sai-Mun Hing in The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus, for which he received Hong Kong Film Award nomination for Best New Performer 

Life
Early life
Sinn was born and raised in Hong Kong, where he attended the Lung Cheung Government Technical Secondary School in the early 1970s 

Career
At 16, Sinn began his career as a singer at a bar on Lockhart Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong In 1986, Sinn joined Chyna, a heavy metal rock band founded by Donald Ashley   After the band was disbanded, then he founded the Blue Jeans with Su Dehua, but Blue Jeans was disbanded in 1990 He had his first experience in front of the camera in 1986, and he was chosen to act as a support actor in Jeffrey Lau's Operation Pink Squad, an action film starring Sandra Ng, Guan Xiumei, Ann Bridgewater, Elsie Chan, and Charlie Cho 
For his role as Sai-Mun Hing in The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (1989), Sinn was nominated for the Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer  That same year, he participated in Tai Kit Mak's All Night Long, a story film starring Carol Cheng, Shui-Fan Fung, Elizabeth Lee, Elsie Chan, Crystal Kwok, and Wu Ma  Then he appeared as a fast food restaurant staff in Clarence Fok's The Iceman Cometh, the film stars Yuen Biao, Yuen Wah, and Maggie Cheung 
He co-starred with Michelle Monique Reis, Natalis Chan and Iwanbeo Leung in Yuen Cheung-Yan's Coup De Grace (1990)  Sinn also filmed in Love Is Love, alongside Stephen Chow, Suki Kwan, Sandra Ng, and Sing Fui On 
In 1991, Sinn played Hussein, who is a gambler, in Wong Jing's God of Gamblers II, an action film starring Andy Lau, Stephen Chow, and Ng Man Tat  That same year, he starred as Sai-Mun Hing in The Golden Lotus 'Love and Desire', based on the novel The Golden Lotus by Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng 
In 1992, Sinn portrayed Gao Ya'nei, the son of Grand Marshal Gao Qiu, in All Men Are Brothers – Blood of the Leopard, adapted from Shi Nai'an's classical novel The Water Margin  The film also stars Tony Leung, Joey Wang, and Elvis Tsui 
In 1993, Sinn had a minor role as Da Jiaoban in Wong Jing's City Hunter, which starred Jackie Chan, Chingmy Yau, Joey Wang, and Richard Norton 
In 1994, Sinn starred in a historical film called Fire Dragon with Brigitte Lin, Max Mok, and Sandra Ng, directed by Yuen Woo-ping  He played the lead role in Whatever You Want, opposite Jordan Chan, Anita Yuen, and Law Kar-ying 
In 1995, Sinn appeared as Julian in Detective Investigation Files II, he also participated in its sequel Detective Investigation Files IV (1999) 
In 2007, Sinn was cast in Ho-Cheung Pang's Exodus, a suspense film starring Simon Yam, Irene Wan, and Nick Cheung 
Sinn had a cameo appearance in Dream Home (2010), which starred Eason Chan as Zheng Lichang's lover (played by Josie Ho) 
In 2011, Sinn acted in the romantic comedy film Lan Kwai Fong 
In 2012, Sinn had a supporting role in The Silent War, a film adaptation based on the novel Plot by Mai Jia 

Personal life
In the 1980s, Sinn fell in love with Anita Mui Sinn began dating Paisley Wu in 1996, and they married in 2008 

Instruments
Pal Sinn has played a number of basses in his music career, such Tune, Fodera and Bacchus 

Filmography
Film
Television
Discography
Albums
Awards
Passage 8:
Escape Route (film)
Escape Route is a 1952 British black-and-white thriller film, directed by Seymour Friedman and Peter Graham Scott, and starring George Raft, Sally Gray and Clifford Evans The film was known in the US as I'll Get You (not to be confused with an earlier Raft film, I'll Get You for This) The film is largely filmed in the streets of London 

Plot
An American, Steve Rossi, enters Britain by slipping past immigration at Heathrow Airport, leading to a national manhunt by the police led by Scotland Yard 
Rossi heads into London where he tracks down Bailey, a barman in a cocktail bar, and asks him about Michael Grand  The barman passes him a note with an address which leads him to a woman, who says she does not know Grand  She agrees to change his US currency and buy him a coat while he waits in her flat  For money, she gives him another address: Kingston House, a swanky block of flats on Kingston Road  He takes a taxi there 
Their he meets Joan Miller who says yes it is Grand's flat but she is his secretary and he is not there  She claims that Grand is not going to return, but calls Grand who agrees to meet  Rossi wants to stay put in Grand's flat but Joan pulls a gun on him and together they drive to an old terraced house where Rossi meets Wilkes who starts quizzing Rossi 
Rossi says that Grand offered him a job, working on aircraft design  Joan is asked to accommodate Rossi in her own flat 
Meanwhile the police post Rossi's picture in all the newspapers and quiz various underworld figures to try to locate him  The taxi driver recognises the picture 
Joan Miller is revealed to be an MI5 agent  Rossi reveals himself to be an FBI agent posing as a nuclear scientist in an attempt to infiltrate a gang kidnapping western scientists and taking them across the Iron Curtain  Grand has recently arranged the kidnap of an American  With MI5's assistance, Rossi monitors Grand and arranges a meeting with him  Growing increasingly suspicious of Rossi, Grand and his organisation make several attempts to kill him 
Rossi and Joan follow Irma Brookes, Grand's female assistant in an attempt to find him  Irma Brookes and a body with some of Grand's ID is found in a burned out car 
Rossi is caught and taken to Hammersmith Police Station  It is explained that Rossi wanted to get into the papers so that Grand would be aware of his presence 
Rossi cannot identify the body in the mortuary as Grand as he is unsure of his appearance 
The viewer finally sees Grand when Max, another taxi driver, informs him of what he has seen both at the burning car and near the mortuary 
Rossi dons a naval uniform and tails Grand on foot through empty streets in the city, leaving a chalk trail of markers for Joan to follow  Grand goes to the River Thames where the low tide allows him to walk along the edge  They end at the Old Swan Pier near London Bridge  Grand pulls a gun and a scuffle begins  Grand escapes to a rooftop of a grain elevator close to The Monument  They end up fighting on an external freight lift heading back to the ground  Rossi wins and the police arrive 

Cast
George Raft as Steve Rossi
Sally Gray as Joan Miller
Clifford Evans as Michael Grand
Frederick Piper as Inspector Reid
Reginald Tate as Colonel Wilkes
Patricia Laffan as Irma Brookes
June Ashley as Beauty Shop Attendant
John Warwick as Security Chief Brice
Roddy Hughes as Porter
Grace Arnold as Neighbour
Cyril Chamberlain as Bailey
Howard Douglas as Taxi Driver
Arthur Lovegrove as Phillips
Anthony Pendrell as Rees
Norman Pierce as Inspector Hobbs
Harry Towb as Immigration Officer

Production
It was made at Walton Studios and on location around London, mostly in the City of London, at a time when there was still much bomb damage from the Second World War  American actress Coleen Gray was reported to have been cast opposite Raft, but the role was eventually played by the English star Sally Gray  It was one of several films made by British companies in connection with the low-budget American outfit Lippert Pictures, which distributed the film in the United States  It was made on a larger budget than most Lippert releases 

Reception
The Los Angeles Times said the film was "so mysterious" the filmmakers "almost succeeded in keeping the story to themselves "
Passage 9:
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud is a 1975 American psychological horror film directed by J  Lee Thompson, and starring Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder, and Jennifer O'Neill  It follows a university professor who, after experiencing a series of bizarre nightmares, comes to believe he is the reincarnation of someone else  It is based on the 1973 novel of the same title by Max Ehrlich, who adapted the screenplay 

Plot
Peter Proud, a college professor in Los Angeles, begins having recurring dreams he cannot explain  In one particular nightmare, Peter witnesses the murder of a young man by his girlfriend, Marcia, while he swims naked in a lake near a hotel  As he screams his final words, "Marcia, don't!," she bludgeons him with an oar, and he drowns  In subsequent dreams, Peter witnesses brief vignettes from the man's life, including romances with two different women, and has visions of houses and landmarks that are unknown to him 
Peter is haunted by his dreams and seeks medical treatment  He attends a sleep laboratory to try to decipher his dreams  However, the resident doctor, Sam Goodman, informs him that his dreams do not register as being dreams; in fact, they do not register at all  One evening while watching television, several of Peter's visions play out before him on a local documentary film titled The Changing Face of America  He sees an arch and church in the documentary that have figured prominently in his dreams, and calls the television station to discover the location  Upon learning that the location of his "visions" is in Massachusetts, Proud and his girlfriend Nora travel there 
In Massachusetts, the couple drive from town to town, but are unsuccessful until they arrive in Springfield  It is here that Proud begins to see familiar sights from his visions, such as a bridge, a church, the Puritan statue, and others  Nora decides to return to California, tired of Peter's relentless searching, which she dismisses as delusion  After Nora leaves, Peter continues his journey  Eventually, Peter locates Marcia, the mystery woman from his nightmares, now a middle-aged alcoholic  Peter subsequently befriends Marcia's daughter Ann at a local country club where Marcia's husband Jeff was once a tennis pro; Ann has recently returned home to care for her emotionally unstable mother  Through his research, Peter uncovers that Jeff was found drowned in Crystal Lake in 1946 under mysterious circumstances 
Marcia is suspicious of Peter and curious about his motives, specifically how much he seems to know about her life  Ann and Peter quickly develop a romance, much to the disapproval of Marcia, who responds by increasingly drinking and taking prescription drugs  Peter initially has some hesitation toward pursuing a relationship with Ann after considering that she may have been his daughter in a previous life, but he ultimately chooses to continue the romance  Ann tells Peter her father proposed to Marcia in the same area where they just made love 
One afternoon, Marcia accompanies Peter and Ann to the country club, where they lounge at the poolside  While Ann goes for a swim, Marcia witnesses a sleeping Peter repeating the phrase "Marcia, don't!" in Jeff's voice  This horrifies her, and she flees home where she locks herself in her bedroom  Later, she masturbates to the memory of Jeff raping her after she confronted him about an affair he had while she was pregnant with Ann  The following day, Marcia confronts Peter, demanding to know his true identity  The two get into a heated argument, during which he confirms that he is a reincarnation of her deceased husband 
Meanwhile, Peter realizes that by having re-enacted or visited the sites of his visions, they seem to have ceased haunting him  The lake vision of Jeff's murder is his last to be conquered  Drawn to the lake where Jeff died years prior, Peter enters the water, hoping to unfetter himself from the vision  While in the water, Marcia approaches him in the same boat she did Jeff years ago, now brandishing a pistol  Addressing Peter as Jeff, Marcia asks why he has returned to torment her, and accuses him of incest with Ann  When Peter tries to climb into the boat, Marcia shoots him to death  She watches as his body sinks to the bottom of the lake 

Cast
Production
Film rights to the novel were sold to Bing Crosby Productions before the novel had been published  In April 1974 it was announced the film would star Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder and Jennifer O'Neill, and be directed by J  Lee Thompson  The novel came out in October - the Los Angeles Times called it "riveting" Principal photography began on 24 April 1974 in Los Angeles and Massachusetts 

Release
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud premiered in New York City on April 25, 1975, and subsequently opened in Los Angeles on May 2 

Critical response
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud received a mixed response from critics upon its release  Steven H  Scheuer labelled the film as a "clunky yarn"  Mick Martin and Marsha Porter awarded the film their "turkey" rating and criticized it for its "turgid direction" and "contrived plot"  Leslie Halliwell also panned the film as a "hysterical psychic melodrama which pretty well ruins its own chances by failing to explain its plot"  The Philadelphia Inquirer's Desmond Ryan dismissed the film as "an obtuse essay into the much trampled world of the occult, and it is aptly named since it seems to take several lifetimes to trudge through the film from its modest beginnings to its silly conclusion "Some critics were more generous  Leonard Maltin wrote that the film was "moderately gripping"  A H  Weiler, like Halliwell, was unconvinced by the film's plot, but lauded it for its "polished [filmic] treatment" and Thompson's "properly moody [directorial] style" In a retrospective review, Michael Barrett of PopMatters praised the film's cinematography and editing, which he notes provides "a sense of propulsion to what, in other hands, might be a stagnantly paced story; either sound or image are continually pulling at us, like fate     There's something about The Reincarnation of Peter Proud that keeps it lodged in the memory like a nasty splinter "

Home media
In 2018, Kino Lorber released The Reincarnation of Peter Proud in a special edition Blu-ray featuring a new 4K restoration of the original film elements 

Proposed remake
On November 9, 2009, it was announced that Andrew Kevin Walker and David Fincher (the writer and director, respectively, of Seven) would work on the remake, with Paramount Pictures and Columbia Pictures financing the project  Filming and theatrical release of the remake were planned for 2016, but as of 2018, the project was listed as "in development" New reports of a planned remake emerged in 2021, with development and production now handed over to David Goyer of Phantom Four Films in collaboration with Village Roadshow, and with Sean Durkin serving as writer and director 

See also
List of American films of 1975
Karz, 1980 Indian film which serves as a partial remake
Passage 10:
Unmistaken Child
Unmistaken Child is a 2008 independent documentary film, which follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, a world-renowned lama  It was directed by Nati Baratz 

Plot
The documentary follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, the world-renowned lama (master teacher) Geshe Lama Konchog  The filming, which began in October 2001, spans a time frame of five and a half years  It follows the deceased lama's closest disciple – a modest young monk named Tenzin Zopa, who speaks English well – as he seeks to find the child who is his master's reincarnation 
Because Tenzin is only a humble monk, he questions his ability to accurately find and recognize the reincarnation of an enlightened master  He is daunted by the difficulty of the task, for which he alone seems responsible 
Following a combination of prayer, intuition, and various forms of divination, Tenzin travels to the tiny villages of the remote Tsum Valley on the Nepal–Tibet border, and checks many families and many children  He seeks to find a young boy of the right age who responds emotionally to one of his former master's possessions  Still, many questions would remain, and many tests and trials must be met before the existence of a tulku – a reincarnated Tibetan master – could be confirmed  And even beyond the question of the confirmation of a reincarnation is the emotional toll involved in removing a small child from his loving parents and familiar village 

Inception
The film was created, directed, and written by Israeli filmmaker Nati Baratz  He and his wife had attended a lecture given by Tenzin Zopa, who at the end asked everyone to pray for the location of the reincarnation of Geshe Lama Konchog, his recently deceased teacher "Tenzin really touched me in a profound way", Baratz said in an interview  “He has a huge heart, and he's very smart  And when I heard that he’s looking for the reincarnation of his master, I thought this is a movie I must make "

Release, broadcast, and DVD
Unmistaken Child was first screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2008  Festival screenings in Berlin, San Francisco, and other festivals around the world followed  The film opened in limited theatrical release in the U S  in June 2009, and subsequently in limited theatrical release around the world 
Unmistaken Child was selected for and aired on the award-winning PBS series Independent Lens in April 2010  Oscilloscope Laboratories published the film on DVD in 2009 

Awards
Full Frame Documentary Film Festival
Full Frame Inspiration Award
Anne Dellinger Special Jury Award
The Charles E  Guggenheim Emerging Artist Award – Honorable MentionRiverRun International Film Festival
Best DocumentaryEBS International Documentary Festival
Grand Prix
Audience AwardIndependent Film Festival Boston
Special Jury Prize – DocumentaryCamerimage
Grand Prix – Feature Documentary FilmHaifa International Film Festival
Best DocumentaryKrakow Film Festival
Golden Horn – Best Documentary
Cracow Students Jury Award – Best Documentary

See also
Tenzin Phuntsok Rinpoche
Tulku (film)
My Reincarnation
Pearl relics
Context 2: Passage 1:
Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (21 August 1709, in Schwedt – 12 December 1788, in Schwedt) was the last owner of the Prussian secundogeniture of Brandenburg-Schwedt 

Early life
His was the son of Margrave Philip William, son of Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and his wife Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg  His mother was Princess Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau, daughter of Prince John George II of Anhalt-Dessau and Princess Henriette Catherine of Nassau 

Life
After his father's death in 1711, his mother put Frederick Henry under the guardianship of his uncle Frederick I, and after Frederick I's death in 1713, under the guardianship of his cousin Frederick William I   In 1711, Frederick Henry was made the chief of the Infantry Regiment No  12   However, he showed little interest in military affairs   In 1733, King Frederick William I was so incensed with the disorder in Frederick Henry's regiment that he was jailed for several weeks   Frederick the Great held little respect for Frederick Henry's abilities and did not employ him   In 1741, Frederick Henry traded the Infantry Regiment No  12 for the Infantry Regiment No  42, but again, he cared little for his duties, and he left its business to the respective commanders 
When his brother Frederick William died in 1771, Frederick Henry inherited the Lordship of Schwedt-Wildenbruch   As "Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt", he was a patron of the arts, especially theater   In 1755 he acquired the Prinzessinnenpalais in Berlin and in 1785, he contracted the actress Henriette Hendel-Schutz to perform in his Court Theater 
He married his first cousin Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, a daughter of Prince Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau, nicknamed the old Dessauer   After the birth of two daughters, he and his wife quarreled so often and so violently, that he banned her to Kolberg for the rest of her life 
Between 1760 and 1762, the mathematician Leonhard Euler sent numerous letters in French about mathematical and philosophical subjects to his daughter Frederike  These letters were published between 1769 and 1773 under the title "Letters to a German Princess" and were printed in Leipzig and St  Petersburg  The French edition alone enjoyed 12 printings  It was the Age of Enlightenment and Euler tried to explain physical issues and in particular their philosophical background in a generally understandable manner  Frederick Henry may have employed Euler as her teacher When he died in 1788, the junior line of Brandenburg-Schwedt died out and the secundogeniture fell back to the Electorate   His daughters and nieces received a pension 

Daughters
Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt (10 August 1750 – 21 December 1811) married Prince (later Duke) Leopold III of Anhalt-Dessau (1740-1817)
Friederike Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt (18 August 1745 – 23 January 1808), the last Abbess of Herford Abbey
Passage 2:
Princess Anna Elisabeth Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Princess and Margravine Anna Elisabeth Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt (German: Luise; 22 April 1738 – 10 February 1820) was a Prussian princess by marriage to her uncle Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia  She was a daughter of Margrave Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt and Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia 

Early life
Anna Elisabeth Louise was one of five children born to Margrave Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt and Sophia Dorothea of Prussia  Her siblings included Sophia Dorothea, Duchess of Württemberg, and Philippine, Landgravine of Hesse-Cassel 
Her father was a son of Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and Princess Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau 
Her mother was a daughter of Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover  Through her mother, Anna Elisabeth Louise was a niece of Frederick the Great 

Princess of Prussia
On 27 September 1755 in Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin, Anna Elisabeth Louise married her uncle Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia, a younger brother of her mother, Sophia Dorothea  He was eight years older than she and was a younger son of Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (herself the only daughter of George I of Great Britain) 

The biological father of her daughter Louise, who was born in 1770, may have been Count Friedrich Wilhelm Carl von Schmettau  Louise was described as nice, witty and kind  The Swedish Princess Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte described her at the time of her visit in 1798: In the afternoon, we visited this Princess, who lives at Bellevue in the outskirts of Berlin  It is a little villa, very suitable for a private person but far from royal  The reception here was quite dissimilar from the one at my aunt  Princess Ferdinand is stiff and made it obvious that she wished to impress us  I was of course polite, but after I had noticed, that she took on a condescending tone and wished to embarrass me, I replied the same way and displayed the same haughtiness  The Princess is no longer young, has surely been beautiful, looks like an aristocratic Frenchwoman but not like a Princess, for she has nothing royal about her  I do not think she is that clever, but she can make a pleasant conversation and is quite confident, as one becomes through a long habit of socializing in the grand world  
Anna Elisabeth Louise was one of the few members of the royal house to remain in Berlin during the French occupation in 1806  While most of the royal family left, reportedly because of the anti-Napoleonic criticism they had expressed, and the members of the royal court either followed them or left the capital for their country estates, Elisabeth Louise remained with her spouse and Princess Wilhelmina of Hesse-Kassel because of "their great age", as did Princess Augusta of Prussia, who was pregnant at the time One visitor to her in 1813–14 commented that, "I never saw such a formal, stiff, disagreeable old woman - vieille cour outree, and she frightened me to death  I was glad to get away   " 

Death
Augustus Ferdinand died in Berlin on 2 May 1813  Elisabeth Louise died seven years later, on 22 February 1820  She is buried in Berlin Cathedral 

Issue
On 27 September 1755 in Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin, Anna Elisabeth Louise married her uncle Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia
The couple had seven children:

Friederike Elisabeth Dorothea Henriette Amalie, Princess of Prussia (1761–1773)
Friedrich Heinrich Emil Karl, Prince of Prussia (1769–1773)
Friederike Dorothea Louise Philippine, Princess of Prussia (1770–1836), married to Prince Antoni Radziwiłł
Heinrich Friedrich Carl Ludwig (1771–1790)
Friedrich Ludwig Christian (1772–1806)
Friedrich Paul Heinrich August, Prince of Prussia (1776)
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich August, Prince of Prussia (1779–1843)

Ancestry
Passage 3:
Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt (17 November 1700 – 4 March 1771) was a German nobleman  In his lifetime, from 1711 to 1771, he held the titles Prince in Prussia and Margrave of Brandenburg, with the style Royal Highness  He was made a knight of the Order of the Black Eagle 
In the 19th century he was retrospectively known by the title Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, in order to differentiate his branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty   He was the second owner of the Prussian secundogeniture of Brandenburg-Schwedt  His parents were Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, and Princess Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau  He was the nephew of King Frederick I of Prussia 

Life
Frederick William was known as a brutal man because of his short temper, severity, and coarse manners  He was born at Oranienbaum Castle (modern-day Oranienbaum-Wörlitz, Wittenberg), and was educated and raised by his uncle, King Frederick I, and then by his cousin, King Frederick William I  His character closely resembled that of his second royal guardian, who like himself, hated idleness and was a terror to all loungers  The clergy were especial objects of his ridicule and persecution  His cane was as much feared as that of his royal namesake He made the fashionable Grand Tour, travelling to Geneva 1715, and in 1716 to Italy  He returned in 1719 to Prussia, where he received the Order of the Black Eagle from Frederick William I  On 15 June 1723 he was made a Prussian major-general  On 10 July 1737 he was appointed lieutenant-general The existence of the Schwedt branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty, descended as they were from Frederick I's father and being 'princes of the blood', posed a theoretical threat to the Prussian kings   Frederick William I tried to neutralise this threat by keeping his cousins close, bringing the Schwedt brothers into his own household, acting as their guardian, and later marrying Frederick William to his daughter  Following the margrave's reaching adulthood the king was so fearful of any covert political activity on his cousin's part that he sent spies to Schwedt to find out who met with Frederick William and his brother Margrave Frederick William pursued a lavish programme of building in Schwedt, both in the palace and town, and he actively purchased land and estates to augment his inheritance; this aggrandisement resulted in the king eventually forbidding him from making any more such purchases  In contrast to his father's policy Frederick II sought to distance himself from his Schwedt cousins, humiliating them at every chance  He made them unwelcome at his court, undermined the margrave's authority in his own dominions by encouraging complaints and lawsuits by his tenants and neighbours and, most effectively, he marginalised the position of the Schwedt brothers within the Prussian army   Margrave Frederick William was removed from command in the army, a denigration the king also extended to his own brothers Frederick William was 19 years older than his wife Sophia Dorothea of Prussia, who was his first cousin once removed   The marriage, in 1734, was at the express wish of King Frederick William, against the wishes of his daughter; the bride was given away by her brother the future Frederick II, as the king was unwell  The relationship of the couple was not happy  Sophia often fled to the protection of her brother King Frederick  The latter did not stop at friendly admonitions, but sent General Meir to Schwedt with unlimited authority to protect the margravine from insult  Eventually they lived in separate places: Sophia lived in the castle Montplaisir, and the Margrave lived in the castle of Schwedt  Apparently they were only reconciled when the margravine was in her terminal illness; she died in her husband's arms On 4 March 1771, Frederick William died at Wildenbruch Castle, when the heavy cold he was suffering from worsened  The Margrave acknowledged one illegitimate son, the only one of his male offspring to survive infancy  Due to his lack of surviving legitimate male issue, his lands and title were inherited by his younger brother Frederick Henry (ruled 1771–1788) 

Issue
In 1734, the Margrave married Sophia Dorothea of Prussia and they had five children 
Sophia Dorothea (18 December 1736 – 9 March 1798); married Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
Elisabeth Louise (22 April 1738 – 10 February 1820); married her uncle Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia
George Philip (10 September 1741 – 28 April 1742)
Philippine (10 October 1745 – 1 May 1800); married Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel)
George Frederick (3 May 1749 – 13 August 1751)He also fathered an illegitimate son named Georg Wilhelm von Jägersfeld (1725–1797) 

Genealogy
Frederick William belonged to a junior branch of the House of Hohenzollern; the senior branch were the Counts of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen  The junior line produced electors of Brandenburg and kings and emperors of Prussia and Germany  Frederick William was a descendant of Burkhard I, Count of Zollern  Through his daughter Sophia Dorothea he is an ancestor of Mary of Teck (Queen Mary), the wife of George V, and therefore an ancestor of the present British royal family 

Ancestry
See also
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg

Notes
Passage 4:
Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Karl Friedrich Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (10 June 1705 – 22 June 1762), a grandson of Frederick William of Brandenburg (the Great Elector) and son of Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt, was a Prussian military officer and the Herrenmeister (grand master) of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) 

Life
Charles of Brandenburg-Schwedt was born in Berlin  He joined the Prussian Army at an early age and distinguished himself during the First Silesian War at the capture of Głogów, at the Battle of Mollwitz and the Battle of Chotusitz  He took command in Upper Silesia in the spring of 1745, to the special satisfaction of his cousin, King Frederick II of Prussia 
During the Seven Years' War Margrave Charles again held independent commands, as Frederick II had confidence in him, and he distinguished himself at the Battle of Hochkirch and the Battle of Torgau  In both battles, as at Mollwitz, he was wounded 
The General German Biography (ADB) describes him as a noble, philanthropic character and lover of the arts and sciences 
For 31 years he governed the knights, the Bailiwick of Brandenburg, and its fiefs as Grand Master of the Order of St  John, having been installed at Sonnenburg in 1731  He died in Breslau 

Issue
Charles Frederick Albert was never married, but had one daughter with his mistress, Dorothea Regina Wuthner (who was raised to the nobility on 14 January 1744 as "Frau von Carlowitz"):

Caroline Regina von Carlowitz (Soldin, 12 December 1731 – Berlin, 16 September 1755), married in Berlin on 16 June 1747 to Count Albrecht Christian von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (22 January 1720 – 9 March 1799), Charles's adjutant  They had three children:Countess Ernestine Caroline Wilhelmine Albertine of Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (6 June 1748 – 21 March 1810); married in Berlin on 2 November 1770 to Count Frederick Louis Finck von Finckenstein (18 February 1745 – 18 April 1818) 
Count Frederick William Charles Ernest of Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (9 January 1751 – 17 June 1751) 
Count Christian William Charles Frederick Ernest of Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (14 June 1752 – 9 March 1770) In 1744, Charles was engaged to marry Maria Amalia of Hesse-Cassel (1721–1744), but she died before they could wed   Upon his death in 1762, lacking legitimate heirs, his estate reverted to the crown   After the Treaty of Hubertusburg, Frederick II granted these fortunes to the two officers for whom he had particular gratitude: Hans Sigismund von Lestwitz received the estate of Friedland, and Joachim Bernhard von Prittwitz, who had led the king from the battlefield in the Kunersdorf, received the estate at Quillitz   Theodore Fontane gave this circumstance a special mention, by quoting a proverb:   "Lestwitz a sauvé l'etat, Prittwitz a sauvé le roi " (Lestwitz saved the state, Prittwitz the king ) The staff officers of the Lestwitz regiment received a golden medal 

Notes
Passage 5:
Charles Philip of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Margrave Charles Philip of Brandenburg-Schwedt (5 January 1673 in Sparnberg – 23 July 1695 in Casale Monferrato) was a Hohenzollern prince and a titular Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt  Near the end of his life he became Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) 

Life
Charles Philip was the third surviving son of the "Great Elector", Frederick William of Brandenburg (1620–1688) from his second marriage with Sophia Dorothea (1636–1689), the daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg In 1693, Charles Philip proved himself at the Battle of Neerwinden and was promoted to Lieutenant General by his brother Frederick I  He participated in the War of the Palatine Succession at the head of an auxiliary contingent   He joined the main force of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia in Turin In Turin, he met Countess Caterina di Salmour (1670-1719), widow of Giovanni Gabaleone, Count di Salmour and daughter of Geofredo Alberico Balbiani, Marchese di Colcavagno by his wife, Marta-Maria Benso di Cavour, heiress of Isolabella  On the afternoon of 29 May 1695 three officers of Brandenburg's army, Col  Ludwig von Blumenthal, Lt  Col  von Hackeborn and Col  von Stille learned that Charles Philipp had lodged in the recently ruined Palace of Venaria, near Turin, where he was about to marry the Countess di Salmour in secret  They hurried towards La Venaria  As they neared the château, the Margrave’s Master of the Horse met them on the road and confirmed the rumour  The Margrave had invited a small gathering to his secret wedding, including three women who were friends of the Countess, her brother Flaminio Balbiano, and some local Torino notables; on the German side were a Prince of Hesse-Cassel and a Captain Beaupré, currently serving in Brandenburg’s army  The local priest Fr  Galli was summoned, and before him and in the presence of Abbot Alexander del Marro and the Chevalier Parella, they declared their determination to marry  But the priest refused to co-operate on the grounds that they were not his parishioners  The Abbot and Captain Beaupré fought; Staff intervened and the Margrave then fell upon the Master of Horse with drawn sword, who fled Riding on, the three colonels came upon the Margrave, heading for the Countess’ house in Turin in his carriage with his escort  They joined the cavalcade, and when they reached the destination the Prince’s advisors implored him not to carry on  Neither the Elector of Brandenburg, nor the Duke of Savoy recognized the marriage  To avoid diplomatic complications, Duke Victor Amadeus imprisoned Caterina in a convent  The Curia supported Charles Philip's claim that the marriage was legal, in the hope that he would convert to Catholicism   While the issue was still being debated, Charles Philip died of a fever or (it was said) of a broken heart  He was buried in the Hohenzollern family crypt in Berlin Cathedral 
Two years later, Rome ruled that the marriage was valid   The Elector still did not recognize it 
In 1707, Caterina married the Saxon general Count August Christoph von Wackerbarth 
Passage 6:
Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Albert Frederick, Prince of Prussia, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (24 January 1672 – 21 June 1731), was a Lieutenant General in the army of the Electorate of Brandenburg-Prussia and Grand Master of the Order of Saint John  In his lifetime he held the courtesy title of Margrave of Brandenburg  His elder brother Philip William held the town and lands of Schwedt 

Life
Albert Frederick was born in Berlin, a son of Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg and his second wife Sophia Dorothea   His brother Philip William was from 1692 to 1711 Governor of Magdeburg   Albrecht Frederick joined the Prussian army as a volunteer in 1689, at the beginning of the War of the Palatine Succession against France   On 10 May 1692 he became head of a cavalry regiment and on 14 March 1693, he was promoted to major general  In 1694 he participated in the campaign in Italy and was on 9 March 1695, he was promoted to lieutenant general   The Margrave became in 1696 Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) and, on 17 January 1701, one of the first knights of the Order of the Black Eagle 
Beginning 14 February 1702 he fought against France as head of an infantry regiment in the War of Spanish Succession as the commander of the Prussian corps in the Netherlands   In November of that year he had to leave this post because of illness   In 1706, he was appointed governor in Pomerania  He died at Friedrichsfelde Palace, aged 59 

Marriage and issue
On 31 October 1703 Albert Frederick married with Princess Maria Dorothea Ketteler of Courland (1684–1743), daughter of Frederick Casimir, Duke of Courland  They had the following children:

Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1704–1707)
Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1705–1762)
Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1706–1751); married in 1723 Wilhelm Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1691–1741)
Luise Wilhelmine of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1709–1726)
Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1710–1741), died in the Battle of Mollwitz as a Prussian colonel
Sophie Friederike Albertine of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1712–1750); married in 1733 Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (1700–1765)
Frederick William (1715–1744) 
Passage 7:
Henrietta Maria of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Henriette Maria of Brandenburg-Schwedt (2 March 1702 probably in Berlin – 7 May 1782 in Köpenick), was a granddaughter of the "Great Elector" Frederick William of Brandenburg   She was the daughter of Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1669-1711), the eldest son of the elector's second marriage with Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg   Her mother was Johanna Charlotte (1682-1750), the daughter of Prince John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau 

Life
She married on 8 December 1716 in Berlin to Hereditary Prince Frederick Louis of Württemberg (1698-1731), the only son of Duke Eberhard Louis of Württemberg   The marriage produced two children:

Eberhard Frederick (1718-1719)
Louise Frederica (1721-1791), married Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Henrietta Maria died on 7 May 1782, aged 81, and was buried in the crypt below the church of Köpenick Palace, where she had spent her years of widowhood   Her daughter arranged for a black marble plate in the crypt to commemorate her mother   In the 1960s, the coffin was cremated, with permission of the Hohenzollern family, and the formerly open-ended crypt (as described by Fontane) was walled off   Her urn was buried below the black marble plate 
Passage 8:
Margrave Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1715–1744)
Frederick William of Brandenburg-Schwedt (18 March 1715 – 12 September 1744 in Prague) was a Prussian Major General and commander of the Guards on Foot   He was the son of Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt and his wife Maria Dorothea of Courland (1684-1743)  In his lifetime he held the courtesy title of Margrave of Brandenburg  His first cousin of the same name (Frederick William) was of the senior line and held the town and lands of Schwedt 

Life
In May 1719, when he was only four years old, he was awarded the Order of the Black Eagle 
From 1734, he participated as a volunteer in the campaigns of the Prussian army   During the War of the Austrian Succession, he was wounded in the Battle of Mollwitz   His elder brother Frederick fell during this battle 
In 1740, the Guard on Foot were formed from the Infantry Regiment Nr  15, and Frederick William was the first colonel of the new unit   On May 16, 1743, he was promoted to major general and made commander of the Guard 
During the Siege of Prague in 1744, he commanded the trenches   The king was present when he was killed by a cannonball   His body was transferred to Berlin and he was buried in the Hohenzollern crypt in Berlin Cathedral 

Footnotes
Passage 9:
Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Philip William, Prince in Prussia (German: Philipp Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Schwedt; May 19, 1669, castle of Königsberg – December 19, 1711, castle of Schwedt) was a Prussian Prince,  was the first owner of the Prussian secundogeniture of Brandenburg-Schwedt and was governor of Magdeburg from 1692 to 1711 

Biography
Philip William was the eldest son of the Great Elector and his second wife, Princess Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg  One of her major endeavours was to ensure the financial security of her sons, mostly by the purchase of land  Shortly after the birth of Philip William, he was invested with his mother's dominion of Schwedt, later, the Brandenburg-Prussian government added the lands of Wildenbruch  Both dominions were improved by Princess Dorothea's care and investments  Following the death of his mother, Philip, in an accord of dating to 3 March 1692, reached agreement with his half-brother, the Elector Friedrich III, about income and lands left to him by the Great Elector, including the lordship, without sovereignty, of Halberstadt  Philip received for himself and his descendants guaranteed appanages generating an income of 24,000 thalers each year  Added revenue came in to the amount of 22,000 thalers from the rule of Schwedt, plus military salaries of about 20,000 thalers, so that with a total income of 66,000 crowns he was enabled to hold court, in some style, himself 
He held, like all the male members of his house, the courtesy title, Margrave of Brandenburg  After the coronation of his elder brother, Frederick, he became Prince in Prussia, Margrave of Brandenburg with the style Royal Highness  The nomenclature "Brandenburg-Schwedt" came into use in the 19th century, posthumously, to distinguish the lords of Schwedt from the main line of the Hohenzollerns  Philip William was the ancestor of the Schwedt branch of the Royal House of Hohenzollern  On 25 January 1699 Philip Wilhelm married Princess Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau (1682–1750), daughter of John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau  As a widow she became Abbess of the Imperial Abbey of Herford 
Philipp Wilhelm served as a general in the campaigns against France and was promoted in 1697 to Inspector-General of the artillery  His half-brother, Prince Elector Friedrich III (later King Frederick I of Prussia), also gave him the proprietorship of several regiments  During his time as governor of Magdeburg, he was raised by the University of Halle (Saale) to the post of "Rector magnificentissimus” 
Philip's Berlin residence, the Margrave Weilersche Palace, was later used by Kaiser Wilhelm I  He was buried in the Berlin Cathedral, where most of the senior members of the House of Hohenzollern are buried 
Since Philip's eldest son, Frederick William, was a minor at his death, the King of Prussia (Frederick I and Frederick William I) took over guardianship  With the death of his granddaughter, Anna Elisabeth Luise, the collateral line of Brandenburg-Schwedt became extinct in 1820 

Issue
Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1700–1771); married in 1734 Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia (1719–1765) 
Margravine Friederike Dorothea Henriette of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1700–1701) 
Margravine Henrietta Maria of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1702–1782); married in 1716 Hereditary Prince Frederick Louis of Württemberg (1698–1731) 
George William of Brandenburg-Schwedt (* / † 1704) 
Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1709–1788); married in 1739 Princess Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau (1716–1782) 
Margravine Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1710–1712) 

Ancestry
Passage 10:
Marie Amalie of Brandenburg
Maria Amalia of Brandenburg-Schwedt (26 November 1670 in Cölln – 17 November 1739 at Bertholdsburg Castle in Schleusingen) was a princess from the Brandenburg-Schwedt line of the House of Hohenzollern and by marriage a Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz 

Family
She was the daughter of the "Great Elector" Frederick William of Brandenburg from his second marriage with Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, daughter of Duke Philip of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 

Life
In 1709, while she was a duchess, she visited the William Fountain, a medicinal spring in Schleusingen   She promoted the development of Schleusingen as a spa 
She died in 1739, at the age of 68, at the castle in Schleusingen that had earlier served as the seat of the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen   She had received this castle as her widow seat   Via her daughter, she was related to the Landgraviate family in Hesse and on that basis, she was buried in the royal crypt in the Martinskirche, Kassel 

Marriage and issue
Her first marriage was on 20 August 1687 in Potsdam with Prince Charles of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, the son of the Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp   They had one child, who was born on 15 March 1688 and died later that day   Her husband also died that day 
She married her second husband on 25 June 1689 in Potsdam   He was Duke Maurice William of Saxe-Zeitz, the son of Duke Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz and Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar   She survived him by 21 years   They had the following children:

Frederick William (Moritzburg, 26 March 1690 – Moritzburg, 15 May 1690) 
Dorothea Wilhelmine (Moritzburg, 20 March 1691 – Kassel, 17 March 1743), married on 27 September 1717 to Landgrave William VIII of Hesse-Kassel 
Karoline Amalie (Moritzburg, 24 May 1693 – Moritzburg, 5 September 1694) 
Sophie Charlotte (Moritzburg, 25 April 1695 – Moritzburg, 18 June 1696) 
Frederick Augustus (Moritzburg, 12 August 1700 – Halle, 17 February 1710) /

External links
Publications by or about Marie Amalie of Brandenburg at VD 17
Johann Hübner's    Three hundred and thirty three and Genealogical Tables, Table 171
Context 3: Passage 1:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 2:
S  N  Mathur
S N  Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980  He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab 
Passage 3:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 4:
Nathan Juran
Naftuli Hertz "Nathan" Juran (September 1, 1907 – October 23, 2002) was an Austrian-born film art director, and later film and television director  As an art director, he won the Oscar for Best Art Direction in 1942 for How Green Was My Valley, along with  Richard Day and Thomas Little  His work on The Razor's Edge in 1946 also received an Academy nomination  In the 1950s, he began to direct, and was known for science fiction and fantasy films such as Attack of the 50 Foot Woman  He was also the brother of quality guru Joseph M  Juran 

Life and career
Early life
Juran was born to a Jewish family in Gura Humorului, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Romania) In 1912, he emigrated to America with his family, settling in Minneapolis  He earned a bachelor's degree in Architecture from the University of Minnesota  He also spent a summer studying at the École des Beaux-Arts before earning a master's degree in Architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology  He passed the architect's exam and set up his own office as an architect 

Art department
With the construction industry at a standstill due to the Great Depression, Juran moved to Los Angeles  He sought architecture work at the studios and got a job doing a drawing of the Brooklyn Bridge for RKO Radio Pictures  He managed to get a permanent job as a draftsman in the art department  He was an assistant art director on Quality Street (1937) 
Juaran later moved to MGM, where he assisted in designing Juliet's bedroom in Romeo and Juliet (1936)  He then joined 20th Century Fox, assisting art department head Richard Day on How Green Was My Valley (1941) Fox liked his work and put Juran under contract  His early credits as art director included Charley's American Aunt (1941), and Belle Starr (1941), and he and Day won an Oscar for their work on Valley Juran also worked on I Wake Up Screaming (1941), A Gentleman at Heart (1942), Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942), The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe (1942), Dr  Renault's Secret (1942), It's Everybody's War (1942, a short), and That Other Woman (1942) 
Juran enlisted in the Navy during the Second World War in July 1942 and was assigned to first the Office of Strategic Services and then to the Royal Air Force Intelligence Center After the war, Juran returned to Fox, winning an Oscar nomination for his work on The Razor's Edge (1946) 
Juran accepted a seven-year contract to be head of the art department for Enterprise Productions  While there he was credited on The Other Love (1947) and Body and Soul (1947)  When Enterprise collapsed, Juran did Kiss the Blood Off My Hands (1948) for Harold Hecht and Tulsa (1948) for Walter Wanger 

Universal
Juran then signed a long-term contract with Universal, where he was the art director on Free for All (1949), Undertow (1949), Winchester '73 (1950), Deported (1950), Harvey (1950), Bright Victory (1951), Thunder on the Hill (1951), Reunion in Reno (1951), Cave of Outlaws (1951), The Strange Door (1951), Meet Danny Wilson (1951), Bend of the River (1952) and Untamed Frontier (1952) 

Director
Juran was assigned as art department head for The Black Castle (1952), when director Joseph Pevney dropped out shortly before filming  Juran was asked to take over as director two weeks prior to filming Universal was happy with Juran's work and signed him to a one-year directing contract  He made an Audie Murphy Western Gunsmoke (1952), and a Ronald Reagan Western Law and Order (1953), then did The Golden Blade (1953), an "Eastern" with Rock Hudson and Tumbleweed (1953) with Murphy 
Juran went to Italy in 1954 to direct a swashbuckler, Knights of the Queen (1954), based on The Three Musketeers  He then directed some episodes of a TV series based on the movie 
Juran returned to Hollywood to direct an independent film, Highway Dragnet (1954) based on a story by Roger Corman  After The Big Moment (1954) at Paramount he went back to Universal to do Drums Across the River (1954) with Murphy Juran directed episodes of Fury (1954), Crossroads and My Friend Flicka on TV, and The Crooked Web (1955) for Sam Katzman at Columbia 

Science fiction and fantasy
Juran's first science fiction film was The Deadly Mantis (1957) at Universal  He followed this with Hellcats of the Navy (1957) starring Ronald Reagan and his wife (who was billed as Nancy Davis)  It was his first film for producer Charles H  Schneer  Schneer hired Juran for 20 Million Miles to Earth (1957) with special effects by Ray Harryhausen  This film established Juran in the science fiction and fantasy genres 
Schneer hired him to do another movie with Harryhausen, The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1957)  It was a commercial and critical success  Instead of continuing with A features, he accepted two jobs "for the money", in his own words: The Brain from Planet Arous (1957) then Attack of the 50 Foot Woman (1957)  Both became cult classics  He was unhappy with how Arous turned out and arranged for his billing to be "Nathan Hertz" 
Juran did a Western for Schneer, Good Day for a Hanging (1958) and, for TV, episodes of Frances Langford Presents, World of Giants, and Men Into Space (1960) 
Juran got back into features with a motion picture he wrote himself, Jack the Giant Killer (1962) for producer Edward Small  He then did Flight of the Lost Balloon (1961), which was released first, an adventure heavily influenced by Jules Verne, which he co-wrote and directed  Around this time he provided the stories for, but did not direct, Doctor Blood's Coffin (1961) and Boy Who Caught a Crook (1961) and wrote a draft of Son of Captain Blood Jurana did some second unit directing on MGM's Mutiny on the Bounty (1962)  Schneer hired Juran to direct Siege of the Saxons (1963) and First Men in the Moon (1964) (based on the novel by H  G  Wells with effects by Harryhausen)   He did an imperial adventure for Schneer, East of Sudan (1964) and directed second unit on Cyrano et d'Artagnan (1964) 

Television
Juran turned to television in 1959  He directed episodes of A Man Called Shenandoah and Daniel Boone, and episodes of all four of Irwin Allen's 1960s science fiction series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Lost in Space, The Time Tunnel and Land of the Giants 

Last films
He did a feature for Schneer, Land Raiders (1970), a Western, before an operation for cancer prompted him to retire in 1970  Juran returned from retirement to direct The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (1973) with his old Sinbad star, Kerwin Mathews  He then returned to his first career, architecture In 1999, he was honored with the Lifetime Career Award by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, USA 
He died at the age of 95 in Palos Verdes, California, US 

Partial filmography
As art director
How Green Was My Valley (1942)
The Razor's Edge (1946)As director
The Black Castle (1952)
Law and Order (1953)
Gunsmoke (1953)
The Golden Blade (1953)
Tumbleweed (1953)
Drums Across the River (1954)
Highway Dragnet (1954)
The Crooked Web (1955)
The Deadly Mantis (1957)
20 Million Miles to Earth (1957)
Hellcats of the Navy (1957)
The Brain from Planet Arous (1957)
The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958)
Attack of the 50 Foot Woman (1958)
Good Day for a Hanging  (1959)
Flight of the Lost Balloon (1961)
Boy Who Caught a Crook (1961)
Jack the Giant Killer (1962)
Siege of the Saxons (1963)
First Men in the Moon (1964)
East of Sudan (1964)
Land Raiders (1970)
The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (1973)
Passage 5:
Mary Joan Nielubowicz
Retired Rear Admiral Mary Joan Nielubowicz was the Director of the Navy Nurse Corps from 1983 to 1987 

Early life
Mary Joan Nielubowicz was born on 5 February 1929 in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania to Joseph and Ursula Nielubowicz and graduated from Shenandoah Catholic High School  She earned a nursing diploma from Misericordia Hospital, Philadelphia, in 1950 

Navy Nurse Corps career
Nielubowicz joined the Navy Nurse Corps in 1951  While in the Nurse Corps, she earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Colorado in 1961 and a Master of Science degree in Nursing from the University of Pennsylvania in 1965 She served in areas around the globe, including Portsmouth, Virginia, Corona, California, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Annapolis, Maryland, Philadelphia, Washington, D C , Iwakuni, Japan, Cherry Point, North Carolina, Guam and Long Beach, California Billets of increasing responsibility included that of senior nurse at the branch clinic in Iwakuni, Japan in 1967  In 1979 she became director of nursing services at the Naval Regional Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia She became director of the Navy Nurse Corps in 1983, and was promoted to the rank of Commodore (equivalent to today's Rear Admiral (lower half)  In 1985 the rank was changed to Rear Admiral )  She served concurrently as deputy commander for Personnel Management and later as deputy commander for Health Care Operations In 1986, Navy Nurse Corps members of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States (AMSUS) established the Mary J  Nielubowicz Essay Award in recognition of her outstanding support and encouragement of active and reserve nurses 
Admiral Nielubowicz died at her home in Fairfax, Virginia on 24 March 2008  She was interred at Arlington National Cemetery on 21 May 2008 

See also
Navy Nurse Corps
Women in the United States Navy
Passage 6:
James J  Carey
James Joseph Carey (born 9 April 1939) is a retired American Rear Admiral, United States Navy served from 1962 to 1994, born and raised in Berlin, Green Lake County, Wisconsin 

Background
Carey attended Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, where he majored in Marketing and Business Administration  He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration and later went on to study for an M B A  at Northwestern University's Kellogg Graduate School of Management, regularly ranked as the top MBA Business Program in the United States Carey served aboard USS Topeka in the South China Sea and Vietnam  He finished his active duty obligation in 1966   He began a career working with the Saudi Arabia Navy Expansion Program and the Saudi Petrochemical Industry President Ronald Reagan in 1981 nominated Carey as a Commissioner of the U  S  Federal Maritime Commission  He was elected Vice Chairman of the Commission in 1983, reappointed by President Reagan in 1985, and then appointed Chairman of the Commission in 1989 by President George H  W  Bush, where he served until 1991 He is national public policy leader and International Grand Master of The Knights Templar International, recognized in "special consultative status" by the United Nations, former Chairman of the U S  Federal Maritime Commission, and Eagle Scout In 2007, he endowed the Admiral James J  Carey Foundation for the support of "carefully chosen organizations, institutions, and associations that share the Admiral’s views on service to our nation and 'giving back' to society    "   He was the chairman of the Future Leaders for America Foundation, National Co-Chairman of the 1700+ Member Organization for military admirals and generals, founder and chairman of the National Defense Committee, and Chairman of the Good Samaritans of the Knights Templar Foundation He has been recognized as an Outstanding Eagle Scout By the National Eagle Scout Association 

External links
Admiral James J  Carey Foundation Archived 2009-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
Passage 7:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 8:
Jesse E  Hobson
Jesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955  Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation



ground_truth: no

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When is Henrietta Maria Of Brandenburg-Schwedt's father's birthday?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 

Early life and education
Hobson was born in Marshall, Indiana  He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology  Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children 

Career
Awards and memberships
Hobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948 
Passage 9:
Hellcats of the Navy
Hellcats of the Navy is a 1957 American black-and-white World War II submarine film drama from Columbia Pictures, produced by Charles H  Schneer and directed by Nathan Juran  The film stars Ronald Reagan and his wife, billed under her screen name Nancy Davis, and Arthur Franz  This was the only feature film in which the Reagans acted together, either before or after their 1952 marriage 
The film's setting is the Pacific War  The film's storyline concerns Commander Casey Abbott, skipper of the submarine USS Starfish, being ordered to retrieve a new type of Japanese mine in the waters off the Asiatic mainland  When diver Wes Barton, Abbott's rival for the affections of Nurse Lieutenant Helen Blair, gets into a life-threatening situation, Abbott must keep his personal and professional lives separate when dealing with the crisis   
The story is based on the 1955 non-fiction book Hellcats of the Sea by Vice Admiral Charles A  Lockwood and Hans Christian Adamson 

Plot
Commander Casey Abbott (Ronald Reagan), commander of the submarine USS Starfish, is ordered to undertake a dangerous mission which sees him attempting to cut off the flow of supplies between China and Japan in the heavily mined waters off the Asiatic mainland  When a diver, who is Abbott's competitor for the affections of nurse Lieutenant Helen Blair (Nancy Davis) back home, gets into a dangerous situation, Abbott must struggle to keep his personal and professional lives separate in dealing with the crisis 
The results arouse ill feelings in the crew and especially Abbott's executive officer, Lt  Commander Landon (Arthur Franz), who asks his captain to let him air his views in confidence  The results lead Abbott to write in Landon's efficiency report that he should never be given command of a naval vessel, resulting in further ill will between the two 

Cast
Production
Fleet Admiral Chester W  Nimitz appears as himself to introduce the film, and he is later played in the story by actor Selmer Jackson  Retired Navy officer Charles A  Lockwood, chief author of the book on which this feature was based, is also portrayed briefly by an actor 
It was the second film Nathan Juran directed for producer Charles Schneer Reagan said in his autobiography that he was disappointed, overall, in the film, having expected a result more like Destination Tokyo, a major Warner Bros  submarine film made during World War II  The diminishing status of the feature films that Reagan was being offered, plus his increasing involvement with television, led to his leaving the big screen forever 
The United States Navy provided extensive cooperation by allowing portions of the film to be shot at Naval Base San Diego and aboard an actual U S  submarine, possibly USS Besugo  The executive officer of the submarine was Lloyd Bucher, who would go on to command the USS Pueblo during its capture by North Korea in 1968 During the film's production, as USS Besugo was about to get underway, an argument ensued between the director and one of the unions  There was only a short window of opportunity to maneuver the boat away from the pier, as it was difficult for a submarine tied up in San Diego to get underway while a tide was running  Besugo was one of the first submarines to employ nylon rope lines, and when stretched, the lines could get about "as big around as a pencil" and become lethal if they broke under strain  The order was given to the helmsman to answer all bells  Reagan happened to be on deck practicing his dialog lines and hollering out, "Ahead one third, starboard back full    " About this time, the nylon ropes were stretched to their breaking point when an officer gave the command, "All stop, ALL STOP, Goddammit, ALL STOP!" and Reagan, totally oblivious to what was going on, continued to practice his lines, rocking back and forth on his feet with his hands behind his back, as if nothing were wrong 
Among the stock music used in the film were excerpts from The Caine Mutiny March, composed by Max Steiner, the main title theme for the 1954 Columbia Pictures feature film The Caine Mutiny  That film was also about World War II U S  Navy operations in the Pacific theater; Arthur Franz appears as well in the minor role of Lt  (jg) Paynter 
According to Maurice Manson, who played Vice-Admiral Charles A  Lockwood, shooting for the film was completed in five days 

Film premiere
Hellcats of the Navy had its official premiere in San Diego, at the downtown Spreckels Theater  The film's stars were in attendance, as were local U  S  Navy brass and submariners  A program preceded the showing of the film  On a flatbed trailer in front of the theater were displayed one Mark 14 torpedo and one Mark 16 torpedo, the two types used by navy submarines during World War II 

DVD reviews
Glenn Erickson of DVD Talk reviewed the DVD release of Hellcats of the Navy and thought that although the direction was "competent", the script was "completely derivative and cornball"  He went on to criticize the lack of realistic supporting characters and the film's use of obvious stock footage, especially that of a U  S  Navy patrol boat portraying a Japanese ship  Overall, he described the film itself as "fair"  David Krauss of Digitally Obsessed described the production values as "bargain basement" and found that the cast's stiff performances alienated viewers  He gave the film a C for style and a B- for substance, although he also described the direction as "dry as a military briefing" on CNN Erick Harper at DVD Verdict has written that Hellcats followed a series of submarine war film clichés, like the "love triangle" and familiar elements of the action sequences  He compared parts of the film to the TV series Star Trek (which premiered almost a decade later), in that it follows a standard Hollywood formula for its plot  He described Ronald Reagan as "comfortable" and "believable", and said that the film was "worth checking out for the historical value, if nothing else" 

See also
List of American films of 1957
Ronald Reagan filmography

Bibliography
Charles A  Lockwood; Hans Christian Adamson (1955)  Hellcats of the Sea  New York: Greenberg  OCLC 2364890 , a non-fiction account of the U S  Navy's Pacific submarine fleet's Operation Barney in World War II, of which Hellcats of the Navy is a fictionalized filmed version 

See also
List of American films of 1957
Passage 10:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==



ground_truth: May 19, 1669

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the director of film Hellcats Of The Navy born?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:   When he was younger, he and his partner Barry Keith-Trimble (Roland Young) were preparing for the opening night of O'Farell's play Laughter by getting drunk   When it was time to perform, they were so intoxicated they ended up brawling on stage and fell into the orchestra pit   The two left the theater and continued drinking, until they learn that they have been suspended  At the same time, O'Farrell learns that his wife, actress Alyce Martelle, is pregnant and has left him for ruining her performance in Laughter as Toni   Despondent, he in left the business and went into seclusion 
Years later, his daughter Marie (Olympe Bradna) locates him and inspires him to return to Broadway   He decides to restage Laughter with its original cast, but with Marie substituting for Alyce in the part of Toni   Hoping to make a glorious return with a show that would be a hit with critics and the public alike, O'Farrell enlists the aid of friends to embark on a full-fledged comeback 

Cast
Reception
Frank S  Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the work of actors Pat O'Brien and Roland Young, had "been a labor of love and the film has profited accordingly " In noting that the plot centered on "the theatre and some of the curious folk who inhabit it", the newspaper's review stated that the film had an acceptable sentimentality and shared that the story was "an uncommonly interesting study of a man's mind, subtly written and directed, presented with honesty and commendable sincerity by Mr  O'Brien, Mr  Young and Olympe Bradna, and well worth any one's attention " The only objection in the review was that the stage play Laughter, the piece being produced within the film by O'Brien's character of Dan O'Farrell, "seemed to be the most awful tripe "
Passage 6:
Revolt of the Barbarians
Revolt of the Barbarians (Italian: La rivolta dei barbari) is a 1964 Italian film directed by Guido Malatesta 

Plot
After several years abroad fighting numerous campaigns in Gaul, Darius, commander of the 10th Legion, is finally able to return to Rome with his men  After discovering an ambushed Roman convoy and shortly meeting First Proconsul Claudius, Darius learns of a theft made on the convoy with gold intended to pay Roman legionnaires for their service  Darius then must track down the thieves and recover the gold before he is allowed to return home with his legion 

Cast
Roland Carey as Darius
Maria Grazia Spina as Lydia
Mario Feliciani
Gabriele Antonini as Domitius
Andrea Aureli
Susan Sullivan
Gaetano Scala
Franco Beltramme
Gilberto Galimberti

External links
Revolt of the Barbarians at IMDb
Revolt of the Barbarians (dubbed in English) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
Passage 7:
Revolt of the Praetorians
La Rivolta dei Pretoriani (AKA: Revolt of the Praetorians) is a 1964 sword and sandal film about the conspiracy to assassinate the emperor Domitian in the year AD 96, though the historical facts have been heavily fictionized  This film was written by Gian Paolo Callegari, directed by Alfonso Brescia in his directorial debut and starred Richard Harrison, Moira Orfei, Giuliano Gemma and Piero Lulli as Emperor Domitian 

Plot
In Ancient Rome, at about 96 AD, Emperor Domitian has become a highly paranoid and tyrannical despot who keeps the people oppressed in constant fear of a revolt  He has only a few retainers left whom he perceives as loyal: his lover Artamne, a scheming Egyptian priestess of Isis; his diminutive jester, Elpidion; his gladiator bodyguards under the command of Soterus; his palace guards; and his Imperial Praetorian Guard under the command of their centurion, Valerius Rufus  Anyone who dares speak up against the Emperor - and may it be only a minor complaint - or is suspected of treason is either imprisoned or summarily executed 
Although Valerius appears loyal, he secretly harbors resentment against the tyrant, but is careful not to reveal it  He begins fighting Domitian's rule in a masked identity; when he begins to use a red wolf's coat to hide his face, he becomes known as the "Red Wolf"  Among his allies are the young senator Nerva and the old patrician Fabius Lucillius and his family, especially Fabius' daughter Lucilla, Valerius' love interest 
One day, Artamne persuades Domitian to hold a sacrificial celebration in the Imperial palace, forcing Lucilla and other patrician daughters to attend and to be subjected to exploitation by the Emperor's lust  Valerius manages to prevent this, but as he hides his mask in a secret cache in the palace garden, he is spotted by Elpidion  The next day, Valerius arranges for Lucilla, the other girls and the fugitives he has rescued to flee to Lucillius' country estate  When he returns to his quarters, he discovers Elpidion, clad in his wolfpelt mask, waiting for him, but the dwarf declares that he, too, hates Domitian and wants to join his cause  He tells of Domitian and Artamne's plan to arrest and execute all patricians suspected of treason, and Valerius, as the Red Wolf, arrives just in time to help his friends escape to Lucillius' estate 
The fugitives finally decide to organize an armed resistance movement, and Valerius kidnaps Artamne as a hostage  But in time, Artamne manages to charm one of her guards into releasing her; she returns to Domitian and reveals the location of the rebels' hideout  Domitian sends out Soterus and his gladiators to eliminate the rebels  Valerius, alerted by Elpidion, fights them, allowing his friends to escape, but is wounded in the arm and Lucilla is captured  While Valerius manages to temporarily hide his secret by putting his mask onto one of his killed friends, Soterus notices the injury and exposes him  Valerius manages to escape, but as he later tries to free Lucilla from captivity, he is captured himself and both are sentenced to death 
In the dungeons, however, Valerius is approached by his loyal friend and subordinate in the guard, Sejanus, who reveals that the Praetorian Guards are also resentful of Domitian's tyranny and wish to overthrow him  Valerius sends him to contact his fugitive friends, and together with a group of disgruntled travelling artists the rebels prepare to free the two and overthrow Domitian when Valerius and Lucilla are to be executed in the palace garden the following night 
With Elpidion's aid, the rebel's main group enters the palace through the dungeons and takes the Emperor and his retinue by surprise  Artamne and Soterus are killed in the struggle, and with the appearance of the Praetorian Guardsmen, the battle is quickly ended  Domitian makes it as far as his throne room with Lucilla as his hostage, but Valerius follows him and kills him in the ensuing duel, ending his tyranny 

Cast
Richard Harrison as Valerius Rufus
Moira Orfei as Artamne
Piero Lulli as Domitian
Giuliano Gemma as Nerva
Paola Pitti as Lucilla
Ivy Holzer as Zusa
Fedele Gentile as Fabius Lucilius
Amedeo Trilli as Il guardiano della cava ("the Cave Guard")
Mirko Ellis as Sejanus
Renato Montalbano as Soterus
Salvatore Furnari as Elpidion
Massimo Carocci
Aldo Cecconi as Soterus

See also
List of historical drama films
Passage 8:
The Revolt of the Slaves
The Revolt of the Slaves (Italian: La rivolta degli schiavi) is a 1960 Italian film directed by Nunzio Malasomma  It is based on the 1854 novel Fabiola by Nicholas Wiseman 

Cast
Rhonda Fleming: Claudia
Lang Jeffries: Vibio
Darío Moreno: Massimiano
Ettore Manni: Sebastiano
Wandisa Guida: Agnese
Gino Cervi: Claudio
Fernando Rey: Valerio
Serge Gainsbourg: Corvino
José Nieto: Sesto, servitore di Claudia
Rainer Penkert: Massimo
Antonio Casas: Tertulio
Dolores Francine: Liubaia

Release
The Revolt of the Slaves was released in Italy on 20 December 1960 with a 100-minute running time and in the United States with a 102-minute running time in June 1961  It was released in West Germany as Die Sklaven Roms on 17 March 1961 

See also
List of Italian films of 1960
Passage 9:
Operation Leopard
La légion saute sur Kolwezi, also known as Operation Leopard, is a French war film directed by Raoul Coutard and filmed in French Guiana  The script is based on the true story of the Battle of Kolwezi that happened in 1978  It was diligently described in a book of the same name by former 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment Captain Pierre Sergent  He published his book in 1979, and the film came out in 1980  Coutard shot the film in a documentary style 

Plot
The film is based on true events  In 1978, approximately 3,000 heavily armed fighters from Katanga crossed the border to the Zaire and marched into Kolwezi, a mining centre for copper and cobalt  They took 3,000 civilians as hostages  Within a few days, between 90 and 280 hostages were killed  The rebels appeared to be unpredictable and are reported to have threatened to annihilate all civilians 
Mobutu Sese Seko, Zaire's head of state, urged Belgium, France and the United States to help  France sent the Foreign Legion's 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment, which were flown from Corsica to Kolwezi  Following their arrival, they secured the perimeter, in co-operation with Belgian soldiers from Zaire, and then started to evacuate the civilians  Within two days more than 2,000 Europeans and about 3,000 African citizens were saved  The film strives to depict the events in a dramatised form, concentrating on the Europeans' plight 

Production
The late Jean Seberg had filmed scenes on location for the film, but her death caused her to be replaced by another French American actress, Mimsy Farmer, who reshot Seberg's scenes 

Cast
Bruno Cremer: Pierre Delbart
Jacques Perrin:Ambassador Berthier
Laurent Malet: Phillipe Denrémont
Pierre Vaneck: Colonel Grasser
Mimsy Farmer: Annie Devrindt
Giuliano Gemma: Adjudant Fédérico
Robert Etcheverry : Colonel Dubourg
Jean-Claude Bouillon : Maurois
Passage 10:
Army of Lovers or Revolt of the Perverts
Army of Lovers or Revolt of the Perverts (German: Armee der Liebenden oder Aufstand der Perversen)  is a 1979 German documentary film directed by Rosa von Praunheim For example, the film was shown at the University of California's Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive in 1982 

Plot
The film is about the state and development of the LGBT movement in the US after the Stonewall riots of 1969 

Awards
1979: Nomination for the Gold Hugo at the Chicago International Film Festival

Reception
J  Hoberman wrote in the Village Voice: "Army of Lovers has its own moments of sentimental stridency, but it´s a heartfelt, challenging, and often stirring film that deserves the widest possible audience "

Notes



ground_truth: Gura Humorului