prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the director of film Kanneshwara Rama born?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Renaldo Rama
Renaldo Rama (born 27 January 1990) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a forward 

Club career
The central midfielder has previously played for A O  Kastellas and Olympiacos at youth level and German club TuS Koblenz at senior level, as well as Gramozi Ersekë in Albania 
He made his debut on the professional league level in the 2  Bundesliga for TuS Koblenz on 20 March 2009 when he came on as a substitute in the 83rd minute in a game against FC Hansa Rostock  On 3 February 2009, he signed a contract with TuS Koblenz, but after one year, he resigned and left the team  The next season, Rama signed a contract with KS Apolonia for two years  He managed to play in 29 games with 9 goals  In season 2013–2014, AEK Athens bought him, using his Greek passport (Renaldo Rama finished high school in Greece)  He left the club on 3 July 2014 Rama spent the 2014–15 season at Fostiras in the Greek Football League, he made seventeen appearances and scored twice for the Greek club  Rama then left to join Albanian Superliga club Kukësi on 4 August 2015, he signed a one-year contract with the club 

Honours
AEK AthensFootball League 2: 12014(6th Group)
Passage 2:
Ismail Rama
Ismail Rama (born 3 November 1935) is an Albanian shooter who competed at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in the 50 metre rifle prone, he finished 22nd 
Passage 3:
M  S  Sathyu
Mysore Shrinivas Sathyu (born 6 July 1930) is a film director, stage designer and art director from India  He is best known for his directorial Garm Hava (1973), which was based on the partition of India  He was awarded Padma Shri in 1975 

Early and personal life
Born into a Kannada Brahmin family, Sathyu grew up in Mysore  He pursued his higher education at Mysore and later Bangalore  In 1952, he quit college while working on his Bachelor of Science degree 
Sathyu is married to Shama Zaidi, a north Indian Shia Muslim  They have two daughters 

Career
He freelanced as an animator in 1952–53  After being unemployed for nearly four years, he got his first salaried job as assistant director to filmmaker Chetan Anand 
He worked in theatre as a designer and director, including designing sets and lights for productions of Hindustani Theatre, Okhla Theatre of Habib Tanvir, Kannada Bharati and other groups of Delhi  In films, he has worked as an art director, camera-man, screenwriter, producer and director  His first film  His fas an independent Art director  or Haqeeqat, a film by Chetan Anand, which won him recognition and the 1965 Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction 
His filmography includes over 15 documentaries and 8 feature films in Hindi, Urdu and Kannada His best known work, Garm Hava (Scorching Winds, 1973), is one of the last cinema productions featuring 1950s Marxist cultural activists including Balraj Sahni and Kaifi Azmi  Garm Hava won several Indian national awards in 1974, including a National Integration Award  It was screened in the competitive section at Cannes and was also the Indian entry at the Oscars  It won the Filmfare award for best screenplay M  S  Sathyu currently is associated mainly with television and stage  In 2013, Sathyu featured in the popular Google Reunion ad, where he played the role of Yusuf, an elderly Pakistani man who is reunited with his childhood pre-partition friend from India, Baldev (Vishwa Mohan Badola)  The commercial went viral on social media Sathyu is one of the patrons of Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) 
He directed musical  play Gul E Bakavali written by Sudheer Attavar; represented 8th World Theatre Olympics in year 2018   He also directed plays like 'Dara Shikoh', Amrita,Bakri, Kuri,Akhri Shama and many more
In 2014, his debut film, Garm Hava was re-released after restoration 

Awards
1965 : Filmfare Best Art Direction Award: Haqeeqat (for black-and-white film category)
1974 : Cannes Film Festival: Golden Palm : Garm Hava: Nominated 
1974 : National Film Award: Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration: Garam Hawa
1975 :  Padma Shri
1981-82 : Karnataka State Film Award for First Best Film for "Bara"
1981-82 : Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director for "Bara"
1982 : Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada for "Bara"
1982 : Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada for "Bara"
1984 : National Film Award: Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration: Sookha
1984 : Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie Hindi : Sookha
1994 : Sangeet Natak Akademi Award: Stagecraft
2014 :Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship : Theatre

Production
Theatre plays
Gul E Bakavali musical Play written by Sudheer Attavar
Dara Shikoh written by Danish Iqbal
Mudrarkshas
Aakhri Shama
Rashmon
Bakri ("Kuri" in Kannada)
Girija Ke sapne
Mote Ram Ke Sathyagrah
Emil's Enemies
Amrita :

Films
Feature Films

Ek Tha Chotu Ek Tha Motu
Garm Hawa (Hot Wind) 1973
Chithegu Chinthe 1978 - Screened at 7th IFFI 
Kanneshwara Rama (The Legendary Outlaw)
Kahan Kahan Se Guzar Gaya (1981)
Bara (Famine), based on a short story by U R  Anantha Murthy (1982)
Sookha Hindi version of the Kannada movie Bara (1983)
Ghalige (Kannada)
Kotta (1999)
Ijjodu ( Kannada) 2009Short films and Documentaries

Irshad
Black Mountain
Ghalib
Islam in India

Television
TV serials

Pratidhwani 1985
Choli Daaman 1987–88
Kayar (Coir) 1992
Antim Raja (The Last Raja of Coorg) 1986Tele-films

Aangan
Ek Hadsa Char Pehlu
ThangamTelevision and YouTube Advertisements

Reunion, an advertisement for Google Search
Passage 4:
Urata Rama
Urata Rama (born 20 December 1986) is a Kosovar sports shooter and physical educator, who belongs to the Jeton Ramaj Shooting Club in Vitina and has participated at the Olympic level since 2003  In 2012, she was one of six athletes nominated by the Olympic Committee of Kosovo, but she was rejected for the 2012 Summer Olympics by the International Olympic Committee, which only accepted judoka Majlinda Kelmendi though as a representative of Albania  Rama, whose cousin Lumturie Rama also shoots competitively, competed at the 2015 European Games in Baku in the ISSF 10 meter air rifle, and went on to compete in the women's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics 
Passage 5:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 6:
Kanneshwara Rama
Kanneshwara Rama (Kannada: ಕನ್ನೇಶ್ವರ ರಾಮ; English: The Legendary Outlaw) is a 1977 Kannada-language political film directed by M  S  Sathyu  The film features an ensemble cast including Anant Nag, Shabana Azmi, Amol Palekar, B  V  Karanth and Shimoga Venkatesh  The film is based on the novel Kannayya Rama written by S  K  Nadig  The film is set in the 1920s during which a rebellious youth, Kanneshwara Rama, who opposes the unjust orders given by the village head and becomes outlawed from the village The film was produced by the Moola Brothers under the production company Sharadha Movie Productions  The film is based on the novel Kannayya Rama written by S  K  Nadig  The screenplay of the film was also written by S  K  Nadig  The cinematography of the film was done by Ishan Arya and Ashok Gunjal, while the editing was handled by S  Chakravarthy  The music for the film was composed by B  V  Karanth, while the lyrics were written by N  Kulkarni  This film features the debut of Shabana Azmi in Kannada cinema  The film is Sathyu's second feature film after the 1973 film Garm Hava Kanneshwara Rama premiered at the International Film Festival of India  The film was theatrically released on 30 March 1989 and was a critical and box office success, completing a 100-day run in theatres  It was screened in many national and international film festivals, including the Bengaluru International Film Festival in 2017  The film has drawn comparisons to Garm Hava 

Plot
Present day
The film starts with Kanneshwara Rama, a long-sought-after fugitive who has been caught by the police  He is being paraded through the streets of Shimoga before being taken to the state capital for his execution  On the way, Rama sees many people in the crowd who have figured in his life at one point or another and starts thinking about those events 
Flashback
Back in his old days, Rama is a hot-headed peasant who fumes at the slightest attempt of intimidation  He despised meekness and that is one of the reasons for his contempt towards his docile wife  Rama defied the village head, resulting in a midnight scuffle in which he ends up killing the person  He is caught and sent to jail 
In prison, Rama meets Mahatma Gandhi’s followers who are political prisoners  Under cover of a nationalistic disturbance, he escapes from the place and joins a group of bandits  The leader of the group is Junja, who zealously guards his gang's hoard of gold, watched over by Malli, his mistress  Junja gets fond of Rama, something that is resented by some members of the gang, except Chennira who becomes his ally 
Junja is mortally wounded in an encounter with the police and names Rama as his successor  Malli quietly decamps with the hoarded treasure in the dark of night  Rama becomes notorious as an outrageously bold dacoit  He helps the poor, providing a dowry for girls of marriageable age and breaking the hold of feudal landlords in the area  He becomes a hero in the eyes of the people, attaining a status akin to Robinhood 
He raids a landlord's safe and accidentally finds refuge in Malli's house  She is now a high-priced prostitute and they become lovers  However, Rama finds an opportunity to steal her jewels and does not hesitate 
Rama's daring exploits, his growing popularity, and his successes begin to worry the government  The tension with the police reaches its peak when he rescues a group of nationalists from the police, takes the policemen captive, and humiliates the British Captain  He is both amused and impressed by Gandhi's policy of non-violence, but what catches his attention is their building of a cause and the symbolic flag, an idea that started to germinate in his mind 
Some members of Rama's gang are disloyal to him  He out-maneuvers them in their break-away attempt to rob an armed treasury and forgives the culprits, against Chennira's advice  However, Rama begins to wonder whether any group can be loyal to an individual for long  He feels that the guiding principle should be an idea, symbolized by a flag and a base, both of which are necessary  He frees a village under the bondage to a religious order, adopts it, and places his flag on an old fort that guards it  Rama becomes a legend, carving out an independent principality of his own  Rama becomes a legend in his own lifetime  Ballad singers compose songs praising his courage and the police are afraid of him 
The British Government is alarmed  The District Collector sends a large force to capture Rama at any cost  The Police Superintendent first tries to cajole Malli into giving him away but she refuses to do their bidding  He then threatens the people in the village and takes some hostages  The police offensive against Rama is intensified  At an encounter, most of his gang is killed, including the trusted Chennira  Rama runs to his villagers for refuge but they are too scared to help him  Enraged, he sets the village on fire  Even Malli is not able to deter him  The Police Superintendent tries to make Malli help him again  At first, she refuses but when the relatives of the hostages plead with her, she agrees 
Present day
Rama is now alone and helpless  He abandons his weapons at the altar of a temple and visits Malli at night  A trap is set around her house and as soon as Malli sends a signal, the police surround the area  Malli defends her actions by saying that his vindictiveness drove her to it   He says he had only come to give her his treasures so that they could be given to the villagers as compensation  Malli now regrets her betrayal but it is too late 

Cast
Soundtrack
The music was composed by B  V  Karanth 
Passage 7:
Manuel García Calderón
Manuel García Calderón García Rama (born 28 September 1953) is a Spanish football manager, currently in charge of CD Móstoles B 

Managerial career
Born in Madrid, García Calderón made his managerial debuts with Real Madrid's youth system  In 1996, he was appointed CD Toledo manager in Segunda División, after previous stints at CD Numancia and CD San Fernando; while in charge he only suffered two defeats, and his side finished 9th 
In August 1997, after suffering team relegation with SD Huesca, García Calderón was named Getafe CF manager  He was relieved from his duties in April of the following year, after losing his last three games 
García Calderón subsequently managed Algeciras CF, AD Alcorcón and CD Móstoles, all in Segunda División B  On 28 June 2006 he was appointed at the helm of CD Illescas, being sacked on 7 November of the following year On 18 June 2008 García Calderón returned to his former club Getafe, being appointed manager of the reserves  He was relieved from his duties on 9 January 2009, after achieving five consecutive defeats In 2014 García Calderón was named manager of the newly formed CD Móstoles B 
Passage 8:
Valdet Rama
Valdet Skënder Rama (born 20 November 1987) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for German club Wuppertaler SV  He also holds German citizenship 

Early life
Rama is a Kosovo Albanian and fled to Germany at the age of nine years  There he spent his youth in the Ruhr district and went through the ranks of three local clubs before joining former German champions Rot-Weiss Essen in 2004 

Club career
Early career
Rama made his debut on the professional league level in the 2  Bundesliga for FC Ingolstadt 04 on 17 August 2008 when he started a game against Greuther Fürth  He scored a goal on his debut 

Hannover 96
After Ingolstadt was relegated at the end of the 2008–09 season, his contract became invalid and he was able to join a new club on a free transfer  On 26 May 2009, he announced his move to Bundesliga side Hannover 96 where he signed a three-year contract 

Örebro
In February 2011, he signed for Swedish club Örebro SK  He made a big impact in his first year with the club, scoring eight goals from his position as a winger  During the second season he often found himself benched and his manager criticized his lack of defensive work   This caused his agent to lash out against the club, claiming that Rama was one of the best players in the league and that he had been humiliated by the managers comments  He also demanded that Örebro sell him during the summer  Rama however ended up staying with the club until the end of the 2012 Allsvenskan season, after which Örebro was relegated 

Valladolid
After the 2012 Allsvenskan season ended, on 31 January 2013 Rama moved Real Valladolid on loan until the end of the 2012–13 La Liga's season  He made his debut on 9 March 2013, in a match against Málaga which finished 1–1 and he came on as a substitute in the 71st minute in place of Daniel Larsson His first goal with Valladolid came on 20 January 2014 in a match against Athletic Bilbao, where he scored in the last 90th minute and the match finished in the loss 4–2  With this goal, Rama became the first Albanian player ever to score in La Liga and in the entire Spanish football Rama finished the 2013–14 La Liga season with 26 appearances and 1 goal scored 
His last match in which he played was early on 27 March 2014 against Real Sociedad and only as substitute in the 61st minute  Then he was called up only in one match on 3 May 2014 against Espanyol and did not play any minute On 11 July 2014, Rama left Valladolid as he interrupted his contract with the club, where the contract was valid until 30 June 2015 

1860 Munich
On 27 August 2014, Rama had started the medical tests with 2  Bundesliga side TSV 1860 Munich  Two days later, the transfer was made official with Rama joining on a two-year contract He made his competitive debut later on 14 September by starting in the week 5 match against St  Pauli which was won 1–2 away  In the next match he provided an assist to rescue his side a point against FC Ingolstadt  Rama's first score-sheet contributions came on 19 October where he scored his team's only goal in the 4–1 loss at Erzgebirge Aue He was on the scoresheet also in the DFB-Pokal round 2 tie against SC Freiburg which gave his side the temporary lead as the opponents bounced back to win 5–2, much to 1860 Munich elimination  He finished his first season with Die Löwen by making 28 league appearances, scoring three times 
In the 2015–16 season, Rama declined, scoring only once in 16 league appearances  His season was also marred by injuries  Following the end of the season, Rama's contract was not extended and left as a free agent  He described his spell with the club as "difficult" due to injuries 

Yanbian Funde
Rama transferred to Chinese Super League side Yanbian Funde on a two-year contract in July 2017  He made his debut on 13 August in a 1–1 draw against Changchun Yatai

Kukësi
On 31 January 2019, after more than a year without a club, Rama joined Albanian Superliga side Kukësi on a six-month contract with an option to renew for one more year; his monthly wage was reportedly €9,000, excluding bonuses He won his first trophy with Kukësi on 2 June following the 2–1 win at Elbasan Arena against Tirana in the Albanian Cup final  He participated in the build up that led to both two goals of his side, earning him praise from the media 

SV Meppen
On 20 August 2019, SV Meppen announced the signing of Rama on a two-year deal with an option for a third year  Having made three substitute appearances in the 2021–22 season he agreed the termination of his contract in January 2022 

Wuppertaler SV
On 3 January 2022, Rama joined Wuppertaler SV in the fourth-tier Regionalliga West 

International career
As soon as Rama moved to Spain to play in La Liga he declared that he was eager to play for Albania and was contacted by the Albanian Football Association in order to plan a call-up for the next matches  On 25 March 2013 he received the Albanian citizenship and became fully eligible to play for Albania He made his international debut on 26 March 2013 in a friendly match against Lithuania finished in the victory 4–1, where Rama played as a starter and substituted off in the 64th minute with Armando Vajushi  On 7 June 2013, he scored first goal against Norway finished in the 1–1 draw  He finished first year (2013) with Albania making a total of 8 appearances, all as a starter, and substituted off 3 times  In those 8 appearances he also scored 3 goals 
In August 2016, Rama opted to play for newly recognized Kosovo national team  However, in an interview in September 2017, Rama didn't exclude the opportunity to play for Albania once again 

Career statistics
Club
As of 3 January 2022

International
As of match played 13 June 2015As of match played 13 June 2015
Scores and results list Albania's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Rama goal 
Passage 9:
Rafet Rama
Rafet Rama (born 5 December 1971) is a Kosovan politician and lawmaker who ran for the 2016 presidential election, in which he was defeated by Hashim Thaçi   He is a member of the Democratic Party of Kosovo 
Passage 10:
Milaim Rama
Milaim Rama (born 29 February 1976) is a former professional footballer who spent most of his career playing for Thun  In addition to Thun, he also played for FC Augsburg, Schaffhausen  Born in SFR Yugoslavia, he represented the Switzerland national team at international level 

International career
Rama had the right to represent two countries at the international level, such as Albania or Switzerland, with the latter he made his debut on 20 August 2003 in a friendly match against France after coming on as a substitute at 46th minute in place of Stéphane Chapuisat, becoming the first Kosovan to debut with Switzerland  His last international match was on 21 June 2004 in UEFA Euro 2004 group stage again against France 

Personal life
Rama was born in Viti, SFR Yugoslavia to Kosovo Albanian parents from the village Zhiti near Viti  At the age of 17, he immigrated to Switzerland and in 2003 received the Swiss passport  Rama is the father of Kosovo international Alketa Rama 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Catherine of Bosnia, Grand Princess of Hum
Catherine of Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Katarina Kotromanić / Катарина Котроманић; 1294–1355) was daughter of Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia and sister of Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia 
She was daughter of Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia and his wife Elizabeth of Syrmia  She was born in 1294, in Srebrenik  She had six siblings, five brothers, Stephen II, Vladislav, Ninoslav, Miroslav and unknown brother, and a sister named Mary  In autumn 1314 she was in exile with family in Dubrovnik  Catherine will marry prince Nikola of Hum sometime before 1338  Nikola was knyaz from Hum 1322, which Stephen II, brother of Catherine, at the time Ban of Bosnia, annexed to his realm  After the annexation, Ban granted Nikola positions in župas in Bosansko Primorje, at the southern edge of the realm, region between the Neretva Delta and Ragusa, bestowing him with the right to rule most of the Popovo  He is ruled this župa as long as he lived  Catherine and Nikola had two sons:

Vladislav Nikolić
Bogiša NikolićCatherine died in 1355 in Bribir 
Passage 2:
Catherine of Austria, Lady of Coucy
Catherine of Austria (German: Katharina von Habsburg; French: Catherine d'Autriche; 9 February 1320 – 28 September 1349) was the daughter of the Habsburg Duke Leopold I of Austria and the wife successively of the French nobleman Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy and the German Konrad von Hardeck, Burgrave of Magdeburg 

Early life and family
Catherine was the oldest of two daughters born to Leopold I, Duke of Austria and his wife Catherine of Savoy  Her younger sister was Agnes of Austria, who married Bolko II the Small, Duke of Świdnica  On their father's side, the two were granddaughters of Albert I of Germany, while their maternal grandparents were Amadeus V, Count of Savoy and his second wife Maria of Brabant Her father died when Catherine was 6 years of age, and she and 4-year-old Agnes were placed under the guardianship of their paternal uncles, Frederick the Fair and Albert II, Duke of Austria 

Marriages
At the age of 18, Catherine married her first husband Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy, a French nobleman  The marriage contract was signed at Vincennes on 25 November 1338  The marriage produced one son, Enguerrand  The couple were married for eight years when in 1346, Enguerrand VI was killed in one of a series of battles which ended with the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346, as part of the Hundred Years' War between France and England  Their son Enguerrand succeeded his father as Lord of Coucy, and he later married Isabella, eldest daughter of King Edward III of England 
Catherine remarried nearly two years after her first husband's death in February 1348 to Konrad, Burgrave of Magdeburg  The couple were married for just over a year when Konrad succumbed to the Black Death on 25 September 1349, Catherine herself dying three days later; she was buried at Königsfelden  She was outlived by her son Enguerrand 
Passage 3:
Catherine of Taranto, Countess of Copertino
Catherine of Taranto (sometimes Caterina d'Enghien Orsini del Balzo) was the daughter of Mary of Enghien and Raimondo Orsini del Balzo di Nola and sister of Giovanni Antonio Orsini del Balzo 
She married the knight Tristan de Clermont (1380 – c  1432), a member of the French family of Clermont-Lodève, who became Count of Copertino as part of her dowry 
She and Tristan had two daughters: 

Isabella of Clermont (c  1424 – 30 March 1465), who became Queen of Naples and Jerusalem by marriage to Ferdinand I of Naples, illegitimate son of King Alfonso V of Aragon 
Sancia di Chiaromonte (died 30 March 1468), Countess of Copertino and Lady of Nardò  In 1436 she married Francesco II del Balzo (1410–1482), 3rd Duke of Andria, who became Count of Copertino as part of her dowry 
Passage 4:
Joan of Taranto
Joan of Taranto (died March 1323) was Queen of Armenia by marriage to Oshin, King of Armenia  As daughter of Philip I, Prince of Taranto, she was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou 

Life
Joan was daughter of Philip I, Prince of Taranto, and his first wife Thamar Angelina Komnene Joan's parents did not have a good relationship: Philip suspected Thamar of acting in her family's interests over his during the two-year conflict that raged between the Capetian House of Anjou and Epirus, despite the fact that she had pawned the remainder of her jewellery to help him pay for the military effort  Distrustful of Thamar, Philip decided to divorce her and in 1309 accused her of having committed adultery  She was forced into confessing that she had had sexual relationships with at least forty of the lords of his court, and that she had formed a particular relationship with Bartolomeo Siginulfo, the Grand Chamberlain of Taranto  Thamar became an outcast, probably never seeing her children again, she either became a nun or was imprisoned by Philip  In either case she died not long afterwards in 1311 
Shortly following her mother's death, Joan acquired a stepmother in Catherine of Valois, who Philip married in July 1313  From this marriage Joan acquired five half-siblings, including Philip II, Prince of Taranto 

Queen
In February 1316, Joan married her first husband, Oshin, King of Armenia  Joan was Oshin's third wife, from his first marriage he had had a son Leo  From this marriage she adopted the name Eirene  The couple were only married for four years 
Upon his death, on 20 July 1320, Oshin was succeeded by his minor son Leo (sometimes referred to as Leo V)  It was believed that Oshin was poisoned 
Soon after Oshin's death, his cousin Oshin of Korikos became regent  He wished to make himself and his family more secure in Armenia  Steps were taken to make this happen; Oshin married Joan, who was forced into the marriage  Oshin married his daughter Alice off to Joan's stepson Leo  Oshin was also probably responsible for the deaths of King Oshin's sister Isabella and two of her sons, in order to remove rival claimants 
Joan died in March 1323, she was outlived by her ill-fated second husband 
Six years after Joan's death, Leo reached majority, he took revenge on his regent  Joan's husband and brother-in-law Constantine, Constable of Armenia and Lord of Lampron, and Leo's wife Alice were all murdered on the king's orders, the head of Oshin being sent to the Ilkhan and of Constantine to Al-Nasr Muhammad 

Issue
In her first marriage she had one child:

George (1317 – after 1323), died youngOshin and Joan had one daughter:

Maria who consecutively married two Armenian Kings of Cilicia, Constantine V and Constantine VI  She had issue 
Passage 5:
Catherine of Cleves (1417–1479)
Catherine of Cleves (25 May 1417 – 10 February 1479) was Duchess of Guelders by marriage to Arnold, Duke of Guelders  She acted as regent of Guelders during the absence of her spouse in 1450  The Hours of Catherine of Cleves was commissioned for her 

Life
Catherine was the daughter of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves and Marie of Burgundy  She was a niece of Philip the Good 

Duchess and regent
Catherine lived with her parents until 1431, despite already having been married the year before  She had close ties with Philip of Burgundy, who was mistrusted by her husband  Catherine had her daughter Mary raised at the Burgundian court  When her husband punished Driel, he lost support in his duchy  Catherine acted as intermediate between her husband and the Estates of the realm  In 1450, Duke Arnold went on a pilgrimage to Rome and Palestine  During his absence, Catherine acted as regent She supported her son Adolf when he took over power from his father  Charles, Duke of Burgundy had Adolf taken capture in 1470, when he proved an unreliable ally to Burgundy  Catherine spent her last years in Lobith, where she died in 1476 

Book of Hours
The Hours of Catherine of Cleves was commissioned for her when she married Arnold, Duke of Guelders, on 26 January 1430  It shows her lineage, as well as herself in prayer  The hours had been lost for four hundred years before resurfacing in 1856  It is one of the most richly decorated books of its kind that is preserved 

Issue
Catherine and Arnold had:

Mary (c  1431–1463), who became Queen of Scotland by marriage to James II
William (born c  1434), died young
Margaret (c  1436–1486, Simmern), married on 16 August 1454 to Frederick I, Count of Palatine-Simmern 
Adolf (1438–1477)
Catherine (1439 – 1496), Regent of Guelders in 1477–1481 

Ancestry
Passage 6:
Catherine of Valois–Courtenay
Catherine II, also Catherine of Valois or Catherine of Taranto (before 15 April 1303 – October 1346), was the recognised Latin Empress of Constantinople from 1307–1346, although she lived in exile and only had authority over Crusader States in Greece  She was Princess consort of Achaea and Taranto, and also regent of Achaea from 1332–1341, and Governor of Cephalonia from 1341–1346 

Life
She was born in 1303, sometime before 15 April, the eldest daughter of Charles, count of Valois, and Catherine I Her mother was recognized as Empress of the Latin Empire of Constantinople by the Latin states in Greece, despite the city having been captured by the Empire of Nicaea in 1261  Catherine inherited her claims as the titular Empress on 11 October 1307  She was still a child and remained in the custody of her father, who managed her claims to the empire until his death in 1325 
An early betrothal to Hugh of Burgundy, made on 15 April 1303 when she was an infant, was renounced in 1312 

Naples
In July 1313, Catherine married Philip I of Taranto, King of Albania and Prince of Achaea, who was the younger brother of Robert, King of Naples



ground_truth: Mysore

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did Catherine Of Taranto, Countess Of Copertino's mother die?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  She associated her husband as titular Emperor (Philip II), and retained the claim to the empire after his death on 23 December 1332  Robert, his eldest surviving son, succeeded him as Prince of Taranto in 1331  Catherine became influential at the court of Naples 
Her court was more worldly than the pious court of King Robert and his pious wife, Sancha of Majorca  During the reign of her niece, Joanna I of Naples, she opposed the marriage of Joan's younger sister, Maria of Calabria, to Charles, Duke of Durazzo  This was because Maria was heir presumptive to the throne of Naples, and the Durazzos were rivals to her own family  She and her family were compensated with a cash settlement from the royal treasury 

Achaea
In 1333, her son Robert received the Principality of Achaea through an agreement with his uncle, John of Gravina  However, the thirteen-year-old boy was deemed too young to reign alone, and his mother became his co-ruler for the rest of her life  Initially ruling through appointed baillis, in summer 1338 Catherine mustered a fleet and took her whole household to Achaea, where she took an active part in its government   She gave refuge to Nikephoros II Orsini of Epirus, and supported him in his attempt to assert himself in his land against the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos 

Final Years
Her presence in Achaea was no longer needed by the time Robert reached adulthood in 1341  She became Governor of Cephalonia and spent the last five years of her life in this responsibility  After the murder of Joan's husband, Andrew of Hungary, Joan sought a new husband amongst her Taranto cousins  Catherine supported her younger son, Louis of Taranto, against her older son, Robert  She sheltered Charles of Artois, a bastard son of Robert the Wise, and his son Bertrand, who were both suspected of complicity  When asked to give them up, she refused and stated she would punish them herself if they were guilty 
She died in Naples in October 1346  Queen Joan organized her funeral at the church of San Domenico 

Issue
By Philip I of Taranto, Catherine II had four children:

Margaret (c  1325–1380), married Francis of Baux, Duke of Andria  By Francis, she was the mother of James of Baux, Prince of Achaea and titular Emperor of Constantinople 
Robert (1326–1364), Prince of Taranto, titular Emperor of Constantinople (as Robert II) 
Louis (1327/28–1362), Prince of Taranto and King of Naples by right of his wife 
Philip II (1329–1374), Prince of Taranto and Achaea, titular Emperor of Constantinople (as Philip III) 

Ancestry
Notes
Passage 7:
Isabella of Clermont
Isabella of Clermont (c  1424 – 30 March 1465), also known as Isabella of Taranto, was queen of Naples as the first wife of King Ferdinand I of Naples, and a feudatory of the kingdom as the holder and ruling Princess of the Principality of Taranto in 1463–1465 

Life
Born on January 1424 in Copertino (in southern Apulia), Isabella was the elder daughter of Tristan de Clermont, Count of Copertino, and Caterina Orsini Del Balzo  She was also the niece and heir of childless Giovanni Antonio Orsini del Balzo, Prince of Taranto  Her maternal grandmother, Mary of Enghien, was queen consort of Naples from 1406 until 1414 
On 30 May 1444/1445, Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragon, then Duke of Calabria (1423–1494), natural son of Alfonso V of Aragon who had recently conquered the Neapolitan kingdom from French Angevins, and thus was the new liege lord of Isabella and her family  Alfonso arranged this marriage in order to give a good future to his favorite bastard son, by giving him his own principality by marriage  Also, Alfonso wanted his loyal people (such as his own son) to have feudal fiefs in his new kingdom, which would happen in the future as soon as Ferdinand and Isabella succeeded in Taranto  The marriage also strengthened the king's grip on the current lords of Taranto 
On 27 June 1458 Isabella's husband became, by the will of his father, king of Naples  Isabella became queen  They no longer wanted to make Taranto their principal holding, but it was still a strong possession, and in 1463 Isabella succeeded her uncle Giovanni Antonio as princess of Taranto 
Queen Isabella died on 30 March 1465, and was buried in San Pietro Martire  Her heir was her eldest son, the future King Alfonso II of Naples 

Issue
Isabella had six children with Ferdinand:

Alfonso II of Naples (4 November 1448 – 18 December 1495)
Eleanor of Naples (22 June 1450 – 11 October 1493), duchess of Bari and Ferrara
Frederick IV of Naples (19 April 1452 – 9 November 1504)
John of Naples (25 June 1456 – 17 October 1485), archbishop of Taranto and then cardinal
Beatrice of Naples (14 September/16 November 1457 – 23 September 1508), queen of Hungary
Francis of Naples, Duke of Sant Angelo (16 December 1461 – 26 October 1486)
Passage 8:
Mary of Enghien
Mary of Enghien, also known as Maria d'Enghien (1367 or 1370 – 9 May 1446), was Countess of Lecce from 1384 to 1446 and Queen of Naples and titular Queen of Sicily, Jerusalem and Hungary from 1406 to 1414 by marriage to Ladislaus of Naples 

Biography
Early life
Probably born in Lecce, she was the daughter of John of Enghien, Count of Castro, and Sancia Del Balzo  Her father was the third son of Isabella of Brienne (who died in 1360) and her husband, Walter of Enghien (who died in 1345) 
Her paternal grandmother Isabella survived her brother Walter VI of Brienne, titular Duke of Athens etc , who died without issue at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356  As his heir, she became Countess of Lecce and Brienne etc  and titular Duchess of Athens  As her eldest son, Walter, had died before her brother, her second son, Sohier of Enghien, became her heir  She allowed her inherited lands to be divided among her numerous children during her lifetime  Mary's father, the third (but second surviving) son, had received the County of Lecce and the Lordship of Castro 

Countess of Lecce
Mary's father, John, died in 1380, leaving minor children  Mary's brother Peter of Enghien, also known as Pyrrhus (Pyrro or Pirro), became Count of Lecce  However, Peter died childless in 1384 and was succeeded by Mary and her husband, Raimondo del Balzo Orsini di Nola, whom she married in Taranto the same year 
Chroniclers describe her as beautiful, fearless and adventurous: adored by her children, loved by her first husband, besieged by King Ladislaus of Naples and treated cruelly by the king's sister 
She stayed in her castles of Lecce and Copertino when Raimondo travelled and served the king against the papal troops and the supporters of the junior Angevin line  She was occupied by her children, Marias, Caterina, Giovanni Antonio and Gabriele 
Raimondo became Prince of Taranto (in her hereditary rights) and died in 1406 

Queen of Naples
After her husband's death, she was besieged in Taranto (1406) and resisted the troops of Ladislaus until he decided to propose to her  Thus forced to marry Ladislaus, the wedding took place in the chapel of the Castle of Taranto  Her second marriage remained childless  Ladislaus died on 6 August 1414; his sister and successor, Joanna II of Naples, described as cruel, hated Mary and imprisoned her  However, Joanna's husband, James II, Count of La Marche, soon allowed her to leave   She returned to Lecce after Joanna had expelled her and her children from the royal estates to Tarentine lands 
Mary lived a long life and died in Lecce at the age of 78  In 1444 she witnessed the marriage of her granddaughter Isabella of Clermont, daughter of Tristan and Catherine and heiress to considerable feudal estates in Southern Italy, to Ferdinand of Aragon  He was the illegitimate son of King Alfonso V of Aragon, who had conquered Southern Italy in 1441 

Children
Her children were:

Maria del Balzo Orsini (died after 1410), married Antonio di Acquaviva, Duke of Atri, etc  Childless 
Caterina del Balzo Orsini, also known as Catherine of Taranto  Married to Bartholomew Tristan of Clermont (Bartolomeo Tristano di Chiaramonte or Chiaromonte), a knight of the French de Clermont-Lodeve family  Tristan became Count of Capertino with his wife's dowry (the Catherine del Balzo Orsini, who lived almost at the same time and married Giulio Antonio di Aragona di Acquaviva, Duke of Atri, etc , bringing him the dowry of Casamassima and Conversano, was apparently not this Catherine but a relative, perhaps the daughter of Giovanni Antonio or the daughter of Gabriel, Duke of Venosa) 
Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini, John, Prince of Taranto  Died childless in 1463, when his niece Isabella brought the fiefs to her husband King Ferrante 
(possibly natural son of her husband) Gabriele del Balzo Orsini (d  1453), Count of Ugento, etc , Duke of Venosa  Married Giovanna Caracciolo del Sole dei Duchi di Melfi 
Passage 9:
Euphrosina Heldina von Dieffenau
Euphrosina Heldina von Dieffenau, or Heldin (died 1636), was a Swedish courtier 
Originally from Germany, she became courtier to Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg in 1590  After the death of Catherine's  mother, Maria of the Palatinate-Simmern, she became the lady-in-waiting, nurse and in practice foster mother of Catherine  She were the confidant of Catherine and the two of them had a close relationship for the rest of their life, sometimes by letters, which are preserved  She married a German officer in Swedish service, but remained in the service of Catherine also after Catherine's marriage as her Mistress of the Robes  She was described as educated and seen as a role model for female nobles in this regard, could speak Latin and was given the task to practice reading and prayer with the heir to the throne, Gustav II Adolf of Sweden, and converse with foreign ambassadors 
Passage 10:
Where Was I
"Where Was I?" may refer to:

Books
"Where Was I?", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's I
Where Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006
Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009

Film and TV
Where Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A  Seiter  With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran 
Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim Rose
Where Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos
"Where Was I?" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980

Music
"Where was I", song by W  Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939
"Where Was I", single from Charley Pride discography 1988
"Where Was I" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton
"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)
"Where Was I?", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)
"Where Was I", song by Sawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002
"Where Was I?", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999
"Where Was I", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)
"Where Was I", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)
Context 3: Passage 1:
Cumulus (disambiguation)
Cumulus is a type of cloud with the appearance of a lump of cotton wool 
Cumulus may also refer to:

Computing and technology
Cumulus (software), digital asset management software developed by Canto Software
Cumulus Corporation, a defunct computer hardware company
Cumulus Networks, a computer software company

Gliders
Reinhard Cumulus, glider
US Aviation Cumulus, motorglider

Other uses
Cumulus Media, a radio broadcasting company
Cumulus oophorus, cells which surround a human egg after fertilisation
Passage 2:
Lump of labour fallacy
In economics, the lump of labour fallacy is the misconception that there is a finite amount of work—a lump of labour—to be done within an economy which can be distributed to create more or fewer jobs  It was considered a fallacy in 1891 by economist David Frederick Schloss, who held that the amount of work is not fixed The term originated to rebut the idea that reducing the number of hours employees are allowed to labour during the working day would lead to a reduction in unemployment  The term is also commonly used to describe the belief that increasing labour productivity, immigration, or automation causes an increase in unemployment  Whereas opponents of immigration argue that immigrants displace a country's workers, this is a fallacy, as the number of jobs in the economy is not fixed and immigration increases the size of the economy and may increase productivity, innovation, and overall economic activity, as well as reduce incentives for off-shoring and business closures, thus creating more jobs The lump of labor fallacy is also known as the lump of jobs fallacy, fallacy of labour scarcity, fixed pie fallacy, and the zero-sum fallacy—due to its ties to zero-sum games  The term "fixed pie fallacy" is also used more generally to refer to the idea that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world  This and other zero-sum fallacies can be caused by zero-sum bias 

Immigration
The lump of labour fallacy has been applied to concerns around immigration and labour  Given a fixed availability of employment, the lump of labour position argues that allowing immigration of working-age people reduces the availability of work for native-born workers ("they are taking our jobs") However, skilled immigrating workers can bring capabilities that are not available in the native workforce, for example in academic research or information technology  Additionally, immigrating workforces also create new jobs by expanding demand, thus creating more jobs, either directly by setting up businesses (therefore requiring local services or workers), or indirectly by raising consumption  As an example, a greater population that eats more groceries will increase demand from shops, which will therefore require additional shop staff 

Employment regulations
Advocates of restricting working hours regulation may assume that there is a fixed amount of work to be done within the economy  By reducing the amount that those who are already employed are allowed to work, the remaining amount will then accrue to the unemployed  This policy was adopted by the governments of Herbert Hoover in the United States and Lionel Jospin in France, in the 35-hour working week (though in France various exemptions to the law were granted by later centre-right governments) Many economists agree that such proposals are likely to be ineffective, because there are usually substantial administrative costs associated with employing more workers  These can include additional costs in recruitment, training, and management that would increase average cost per unit of output  This overall would lead to a reduced production per worker, and may even result in higher unemployment 

Early retirement
Early retirement has been used to induce workers to accept termination of employment before retirement age following the employer's diminished labour needs  Government support for the practice has come from the belief that this should lead to a reduction in unemployment  The unsustainability of this practice has now been recognised, and the trend in Europe is now towards postponement of the retirement age In an editorial in The Economist a thought experiment is proposed in which old people leave the workforce in favour of young people, on whom they become dependent for their living through state benefits  It is then argued that since growth depends on having either more workers or greater productivity, the society cannot really become more prosperous by paying an increasing number of its citizens unproductively  The article also points out that even early retirees with private pension funds become a burden on society as they also depend on equity and bond income generated by workers 

Arguments in favor of the concept
There have been critiques of the idea that the concept is a fallacy  Arguments include that Schloss' concept is misapplied to working hours and that he was originally critiquing workers intentionally restricting their output, that prominent economists like John Maynard Keynes believed shorter working hours could allieviate unemployment, and that claims of it being a fallacy are used to argue against proposals for shorter working hours without addressing the non-economic arguments for them 

See also
Indivisibility of labour
Labour (economics)
Luddite fallacy
Parable of the broken window
Working time
Zero-sum bias
Passage 3:
The Lump of Coal
The Lump of Coal is a Christmas short story written by Lemony Snicket and illustrated by Brett Helquist  Originally published in the December 10–12, 2004 issue of the now-defunct magazine USA Weekend, it was re-released as a stand-alone book in 2008  It is meant to parody traditional children's Christmas stories, à la the 1823 poem 'Twas the Night Before Christmas  Though illustrated and relatively short, the book uses vocabulary above that of most children, including the term objets d'art  Many elements of the story are easily recognizable as Snicket-esque to A Series of Unfortunate Events readers, including a culturally intelligent and talented protagonist who is dismissed by many a mumpsimus 

Plot summary
It is Christmas time  A living lump of coal falls off a barbecue grill  He wishes for a miracle to happen  The lump of coal is artistic and wants to be an artist  He goes in search of something  First, he finds an art gallery that, he believes, shows art by lumps of coal  But when he comes in, he sadly discovers the art is by humans who use lumps of coal  He then finds a Korean restaurant called Mr  Wong's Korean Restaurant and Secretarial School, but he goes in and discovers that all things used must be 100% Korean (although the owner does not use a Korean name or proper Korean spices)  The lump of coal continues down the street and runs into a man dressed like Santa Claus  The lump of coal tells the man about his problem, and the man gets an idea  He suggests he put the lump of coal in Jasper (his bratty son)'s stocking  The son finds it and is ecstatic; he has wanted to make art with coal  So he makes portraits and he and the lump of coal become rich  They move to Korea and open an authentic Korean restaurant, and have a gallery of their art 

See also
Lemony Snicket bibliography
Passage 4:
Energy value of coal
The energy value of coal, or fuel content, is the amount of potential energy coal contains that can be converted into heat  This value can be calculated and compared with different grades of coal and other combustible materials, which produce different amounts of heat according to their grade 
While chemistry provides ways of calculating the heating value of a certain amount of a substance, there is a difference between this theoretical value and its application to real coal  The grade of a sample of coal does not precisely define its chemical composition, so calculating the coal's actual usefulness as a fuel requires determining its proximate and ultimate analysis (see "Chemical Composition" below) 

Chemical composition
Chemical composition of the coal is defined in terms of its proximate and ultimate (elemental) analyses  The parameters of proximate analysis are moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon  Elemental or ultimate analysis encompasses the quantitative determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen within the coal  Additionally, specific physical and mechanical properties of coal and particular carbonization properties 
The calorific value Q of coal [kJ/kg] is the heat liberated by its complete combustion with oxygen  Q is a complex function of the elemental composition of the coal  Q can be determined experimentally using calorimeters  Dulong suggests the following approximate formula for Q when the oxygen content is less than 10%: 

Q = 337C + 1442(H - O/8) + 93S,where C is the mass percent of carbon, H is the mass percent of hydrogen, O is the mass percent of oxygen, and S is the mass percent of sulfur in the coal   With these constants, Q is given in kilojoules per kilogram 

See also
Coal assay techniques
Energies per unit mass
Heat of combustion
Passage 5:
Jugband Blues
"Jugband Blues" is a song by the English psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd, released on their second album, A Saucerful of Secrets, in 1968  Written by Syd Barrett, it was his sole compositional contribution to the album, as well as his last published for the band  Barrett and Pink Floyd's management wanted the song to be released as a single, but were vetoed by the rest of the band and producer Norman Smith  "Jugband Blues" is directed towards anyone within Barrett's proximity 

Background and recording
"Jugband Blues" was written around the same time as "Vegetable Man"  Both songs contain the same cynical humour, but while on "Vegetable Man" Barrett focuses his humour on himself, on "Jugband Blues" it is directed towards those around him "Jugband Blues" was either wholly or partly  recorded on 19 October 1967 at De Lane Lea Studios  The interview with producer Norman Smith, recorded for the DVD documentary Meddle: A Classic Album Under Review (2007), suggests that at least two separate recording 
sessions took place  The first session was evidently to record the basic Pink Floyd band track, which was possibly cut at EMI's Abbey Road Studios, since Smith clearly states in the interview that he was unable to use Abbey Road for the brass band session, and was obliged to book De Lane Lea Studios in Holborn instead  Smith's description of the De Lane Lea session implies that it was specifically booked to overdub the brass band onto an existing band track, and he makes no mention of the other members of the group, suggesting that only Barrett and the members of the brass band were present for this overdub session 
According to Smith, it had been his initial idea to add a brass arrangement to the basic track, which led Barrett to suggest using a Salvation Army band  Smith recalled that after some considerable effort he was able to contract the eight-piece Salvation Army International Staff Band for the session, which was booked from 7pm to 10pm, but Barrett was almost an hour late arriving  Smith then invited Barrett to outline his musical ideas for the ensemble, but Syd told them he wanted them to simply "play whatever they want" regardless of the rest of the group  Dismayed, Smith had to insist on scored parts, and he was obliged to sketch out an arrangement himself -- according to his account, Barrett walked out of the studio shortly afterwards and did not return  In the interview Smith also specifically mentions playing an existing version of the track for the brass players, to give them some idea of what they were expected to play  About The Salvation Army, band manager Andrew King said that Barrett "wanted a massive Salvation Army freak-out, but that's the only time I can remember Norman [Smith] putting his foot down " The song features a distinctive three-tiered structure: starting off in 34 meter, then into 24 and finishing off in 44 

Video
The promotional video for the song was filmed in December 1967, for the Central Office of Information in London  The video was supposed to be about Britain, and was meant to be distributed in the US and Canada  The video features Barrett (shown with an acoustic guitar for the first time) and the group miming to the song in a more conventional stage setting, with psychedelic projections in the background  The original audio to the promo is lost, and most versions use the BBC recording from late 1967, consequently causing sync issues most evident as Barrett sings the opening verse  The original film was considered to be lost, until it was re-discovered in the Manchester Arts Lab in 1999  Barrett and Waters first watched the promo video during the second week of December 1967 

Reception
In a contemporary negative review for A Saucerful of Secrets, Jim Miller of Rolling Stone asserts that ‘Jugband Blues’ "hardly does any credit to Barrett's credentials as a composer "

Legacy
Barrett, along with Pink Floyd's managers, Peter Jenner and King, wanted to release the song as a single in the new year, before being vetoed by both the band and Norman Smith  Jenner said that "Jugband Blues", along with two others that Syd wrote around this time, ("Scream Thy Last Scream" and "Vegetable Man") were "amazing songs " When compared to "Bike" and "The Scarecrow", Jenner said "You think, 'Well, OK, those are all right, but these are powerful disturbing art ' I wouldn't want anyone to have to go as mad and disturbed as Syd did to get that, but if you are going to go that disturbed give me something like that  That's great art " Jenner had also called "Jugband Blues" "an extraordinary song, the ultimate self-diagnosis on a state of schizophrenia, [and] the portrait of a nervous breakdown "Barrett, by the beginning of the recording sessions for A Saucerful of Secrets, was already shrinking into a delirious state of mind, exacerbated by his feelings of alienation from the rest of the band  The common interpretation of the lyrics is that they reflect his schizophrenia and it has been argued that they could also be read as a criticism of the other band members for forcing him out  King said of the song: "The most alienated, extraordinary lyrics  It's not addressed to the band, it's addressed to the whole world  He was completely cut off " Jenner said "I think every psychiatrist should be made to listen to those songs ["Jugband Blues", "Scream Thy Last Scream" and "Vegetable Man"]  I think they should be part of the curriculum of every medical college along with those Van Gogh paintings like The Crows ""Jugband Blues" is one of two songs (the other being "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun") from A Saucerful of Secrets that were later included on the compilation album Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd  The song was preceded on the compilation by "Wish You Were Here", with lyrics by Roger Waters written in tribute to Barrett  The band 
Opal released a cover of the song on the Barrett tribute album Beyond the Wildwood in 1987 

Personnel
Syd Barrett – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, lead vocals
Richard Wright – Farfisa organ, tin whistle
Roger Waters – bass guitar
Nick Mason – drums, castanets, kazoowith:

The Salvation Army International Staff BandRay Bowes (cornet), Terry Camsey (cornet), Mac Carter (trombone), Les Condon (E♭ bass), Maurice Cooper (euphonium), Ian Hankey (trombone), George Whittingham (B♭ bass), plus one other uncredited musician 
Passage 6:
High Coal, West Virginia
High Coal or Highcoal is an unincorporated community and coal town located in Boone County, West Virginia, United States 
Passage 7:
The Lump
The Lump is a short animated film released in 1991  It tells the story of an unattractive and unpopular man named George  One day, a lump appears on his head that looks like an attractive face  By pretending the lump is his real face, he gains fame and fortune, but soon he gets into trouble when he enters into the company of several corrupt politicians 
A National Film Board of Canada film, The Lump was written and directed by John Weldon  Harvey Atkin contributed the voice  It was nominated for the Genie Award for Best Animated Short at the 13th Genie Awards in 1992, and won the Gordon Bruce Award for Humor at the Ottawa International Animation Festival in that year 
Passage 8:
Joel the Lump of Coal
"Joel the Lump of Coal" is a song by Las Vegas-based rock band The Killers featuring late night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel  It was released on December 1, 2014  The song marks the ninth consecutive year in which the band has released a Christmas song  As with their previous Christmas releases, all proceeds from this song go to AIDS charities as part of the Product Red campaign   The song's announcement and debut occurred on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, where the music video and a montage about the recording process aired 

Music video
The animated music video first aired on Jimmy Kimmel Live! (December 1, 2014)   The style of the video is similar to that of the stop motion animated Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964) and other Rankin/Bass Productions holiday-themed films in digital collage form   The song tells the story of Joel, a lump of coal living at the North Pole  Joel is excited when Santa chooses him to be a child's present, but he is disappointed to learn that instead of being a special gift, Santa is taking him to a naughty boy for Christmas  Joel reluctantly accepts his fate, but he soon realizes that he is just the present the naughty boy needs to help him change his ways  At the end, selfless Joel turns himself into a diamond to make the naughty boy happy The song is written by Jimmy Kimmel, Jonathan Bines, and the Killers (Flowers, Keuning, Vannucci and Stoermer) with additional material by Tony Barbieri  The video is directed by Jonathan Kimmel, produced by Jennifer Sharron, and edited by Jason Bielski  The animation is by Sean Michael Solomon, Julian Petschek, Jonathan Kimmel, Jesse Griffith and Patrick Campbell, with Bernd Reinhardt as Director of Photography and Jim Alario as cameraman  The sound mix was recorded at Henson Studios, with field sound recorded by Brian Angely and Todd JeanPierre 

Track listing
Digital Download"Joel the Lump of Coal" – 3:58

Charts
Passage 9:
Ministry of Coal
The Ministry of Coal is an Indian government ministry headquartered in New Delhi  The portfolio is held by Cabinet Minister Pralhad Joshi 
The Ministry of Coal is charged with exploration of coal and lignite reserves in India, production, supply, distribution and price of coal through the government-owned corporations Coal India Limited and its subsidiaries, as well as Neyveli Lignite Corporation The Ministry of Coal also manages the Union Government's 49 percent equity participation in Singareni Collieries Company, a public sector undertaking that is a joint venture with Government of Telangana  in which equity is held partly by the State Government of Telangana (51%) and the Government of India 

Ministers of Coal
List of Ministers of State
Organisations
Central Public Sector Undertakings
Coal India
Neyveli Lignite Corporation

Statutory Bodies
Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation (CMPFO)
Coal Mines Welfare Organisation
Commissioner Of Payments
COAL CONTROLLER'S ORGANIZATION (CCO)

Functions And Responsibilities
The Ministry of Coal is responsible for development and exploitation of coal and lignite reserves in India  The subjects allocated to the Ministry which include attached and sub-ordinate or other organisations including PSUs concerned with their subjects under the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961, as amended from time to time, are as follows:

Exploration and development of coking coal and non-coking coal and lignite deposits in India
All matters relating to production, supply, distribution and prices of coal
Development and operation of coal washeries other than those for which Department of Steel (ISPAT Vibhag) is responsible
Low-Temperature carbonisation of coal and production of synthetic oil from coal
Administration of the Coal Mines (Conservation and Development) Act, 1974 (28 of 1974)
The Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation
The Coal Mines Welfare Organisation
Administration of the Coal Mines Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1948 (46 of 1948)
Administration of the Coal Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1947 (32 of 1947)
Rules under the Mines Act, 1952 (32 of 1952) for the levy and collection of duty of excise on coke and coal produced and dispatched from mines and administration of rescue fund
Administration of the Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act, 1957 (20 of 1957)
Passage 10:
Singles: Individually Wrapped
Singles: Individually Wrapped is a greatest hits album by Odds, released in 2000  The album contains singles from all four of the band's studio albums, as well as a rendition of the Christmas song "Kings of Orient" which the band recorded for the 1991 Christmas compilation A Lump of Coal 

Track listing
"Someone Who's Cool" (3:17)
"Truth Untold" (3:55)
"It Falls Apart" (3:38)
"Love Is the Subject" (4:43)
"Jackhammer" (long version) (4:20)
"Satisfied" (3:00)
"Nothing Beautiful" (3:06)
"Eat My Brain" (4:26)
"Make You Mad" (4:07)
"Wendy Under the Stars" (4:15)
"Yes (Means It's Hard to Say No)" (single remix) (3:14)
"I Would Be Your Man" (3:26)
"King of the Heap" (single remix) (3:57)
"Heterosexual Man" (3:32)
"Mercy to Go" (5:18)
"Kings of Orient (We Three Kings)" (4:26)



ground_truth: Lecce

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which song came out first, Joel The Lump Of Coal or Jugband Blues?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 
Passage 5:
Greg A  Hill (artist)
Greg A  Hill is a Canadian-born First Nations artist and curator  He is 
Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario 

Early life
Hill was born and raised in Fort Erie, Ontario 

Art career
His work as a multidisciplinary artist focuses primarily on installation, performance and digital imaging and explores issues of his Mohawk and French-Canadian identity through the prism of colonialism, nationalism and concepts of place and community Hill has been exhibiting his work since 1989, with solo exhibitions and performance works across Canada as well as group exhibitions in North America and abroad  His work can be found in the collections of the Canada Council, the Indian Art Centre, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Canadian Native Arts Foundation (now Indspire), the Woodland Cultural Center, the City of Ottawa, the Ottawa Art Gallery and the International Museum of Electrography 

Curatorial career
Hill serves as the Audain Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada 

Awards and honours
In 2018, Hill received the Indspire Award for Arts 
Passage 6:
Abdul Ali Mridha
Abdul Ali Mridha was a Bangladeshi politician  He was elected as MP of Narsingdi-5 constituency in 5th and 6th general election of Bangladesh  He died on 9 March 2019 
Passage 7:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 
Passage 8:
Wesley Barresi
Wesley Barresi (born 3 May 1984) is a South African born first-class and Netherlands international cricketer  He is a right-handed wicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak  In February 2021, Barresi announced his retirement from all forms of cricket, but returned to the national team in August 2022 

Career
Wesley became the 100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, when he was dismissed in the 2011 World Cup game against India In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One Day International (ODI) squad, for their series against Nepal  Ahead of the ODI matches, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player for the Netherlands In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Amsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament  However, the following month, the tournament was cancelled 
Passage 9:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 10:
Abdul Ali Maghoub
Abdul Ali Maghoub was an Egyptian long-distance runner  He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1920 Summer Olympics 



ground_truth: Jugband Blues