prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did the director of film Nanon (1938 Film) die?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Nanon (1938 film)
Nanon is a 1938 German historical film directed by Herbert Maisch and starring Erna Sack, Johannes Heesters and Dagny Servaes  It is based on the original operetta Nanon by Richard Genée which had a libretto by F Zell, although the music for this film was specially commissioned from Alois Melichar 
It was produced by the giant German studio UFA, and is part of a cycle of operetta films made during the 1930s  The film's sets were designed by the art director Erich Kettelhut 
It was a remake of the 1924 silent film of the same title 

Cast
Erna Sack as Nanon Patin
Johannes Heesters as Marquis Charles d'Aubigne
Dagny Servaes as Ninon de l'Enclos
Kurt Meisel as Hector
Otto Gebühr as Jean Baptiste Molière
Oskar Sima as Marquis de Marsillac
Karl Paryla as Louis XIV
Berthold Ebbecke as Pierre
Ursula Deinert as Tänzerin
Clemens Hasse as Francois Patin
Paul Westermeier as 1  Korporal
Armin Schweizer as 2  Korporal
Oskar Höcker as 3  Korporal
Ilse Fürstenberg as Die Magd
Ludwig Andersen as Sekretär
Walter Steinbeck as Mons  Louvois
Hermann Pfeiffer as Mons  Duval
Horst Birr
Lucie Euler
Angelo Ferrari as Gast bei Ninon
Eric Harden
Alice Hechy
Max Hiller
Willy Kaiser-Heyl
Hermann Meyer-Falkow
Ellen Plessow
Klaus Pohl
Walter Schenk
Erhart Stettner
Robert Vincenti-Lieffertz
Egon Vogel
Leopold von Ledebur
Wolfgang von Schwindt
Helmut Weiss as Verehrer von Gräfin Ninon de Lenclos
Herbert Weissbach
Passage 2:
Jesse E  Hobson
Jesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955  Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation 

Early life and education
Hobson was born in Marshall, Indiana  He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology  Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children 

Career
Awards and memberships
Hobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948 
Passage 3:
Herbert Maisch
Herbert Maisch (born 10 December 1890 – in Nürtingen, Württemberg, died 10 October 1974 in Köln) was a German film director 

Selected filmography
The Royal Waltz (1935)
Boccaccio (1936)
Love's Awakening (1936)
Men Without a Fatherland (1937)
Nights in Andalusia (1938)
Nanon (1938)
D III 88 (1939)
Andreas Schlüter (1942)
Music in Salzburg (1944)
Passage 4:
Michael Govan
Michael Govan (born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art  Prior to his current position, Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation in New York City 

Early life and education
Govan was born in 1963 in North Adams, Massachusetts, and was raised in the Washington D C  area, attending Sidwell Friends School He majored in art history and fine arts at Williams College, where he met Thomas Krens, who was then director of the Williams College Museum of Art  Govan became closely involved with the museum, serving as acting curator as an undergraduate  After receiving his B A  from Williams in 1985, Govan began an MFA in fine arts from the University of California, San Diego 

Career
As a twenty-five year old graduate student, Govan was recruited by his former mentor at Williams, Thomas Krens, who in 1988 had been appointed director of the Solomon R  Guggenheim Foundation  Govan served as deputy director of the Solomon R  Guggenheim Museum under Krens from 1988 to 1994, a period that culminated in the construction and opening of the Frank Gehry designed Guggenheim branch in Bilbao, Spain  Govan supervised the reinstallation of the museum's permanent collection galleries after its extensive renovation 

Dia Art Foundation
From 1994 to 2006, Govan was president and director of Dia Art Foundation in New York City  There, he spearheaded the conversion of a Nabisco box factory into the 300,000 square foot Dia:Beacon in New York's Hudson Valley, which houses Dia's collection of art from the 1960s to the present  Built in a former Nabisco box factory, the critically acclaimed museum has been credited with catalyzing a cultural and economic revival within the formerly factory-based city of Beacon  Dia's collection nearly doubled in size during Govan's tenure, but he also came under criticism for "needlessly and permanently" closing Dia's West 22nd Street building  During his time at Dia, Govan also worked closely with artists James Turrell and Michael Heizer, becoming an ardent supporter of Roden Crater and City, the artists' respective site-specific land art projects under construction in the American southwest  Govan successfully lobbied Washington to have the 704,000 acres in central Nevada surrounding City declared a national monument in 2015 

LACMA
In February 2006, a search committee composed of eleven LACMA trustees, led by the late Nancy M  Daly, recruited Govan to run the Los Angeles County Museum of Art  Govan has stated that he was drawn to the role not only because of LACMA's geographical distance from its European and east coast peers, but also because of the museum's relative youth, having been established in 1961  "I felt that because of this newness I had the opportunity to reconsider the museum," Govan has written, "[and] Los Angeles is a good place to do that "Govan has been widely regarded for transforming LACMA into both a local and international landmark  Since Govan's arrival, LACMA has acquired by donation or purchase over 27,000 works for the permanent collection, and the museum's gallery space has almost doubled thanks to the addition of two new buildings designed by Renzo Piano, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum (BCAM) and the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Pavilion  LACMA's annual attendance has grown from 600,000 to nearly 1 6 million in 2016 

Artist collaborations
Since his arrival, Govan has commissioned exhibition scenography and gallery designs in collaboration with artists  In 2006, for example, Govan invited LA artist John Baldessari to design an upcoming exhibition about the Belgian surrealist René Magritte, resulting in a theatrical show that reflected the twisted perspective of the latter's topsy-turvy world  Baldessari has also designed LACMA's logo  Since then, Govan has also commissioned Cuban-American artist Jorge Pardo to design LACMA's Art of the Ancient Americas gallery, described in the Los Angeles Times as a "gritty cavern deep inside the earth     crossed with a high-style urban lounge "Govan has also commissioned several large-scale public artworks for LACMA's campus from contemporary California artists  These include Chris Burden's Urban Light (2008), a series of 202 vintage street lamps from different neighborhoods in Los Angeles, arranged in front of the entrance pavilion, Barbara Kruger's Untitled (Shafted) (2008), Robert Irwin's Primal Palm Garden (2010), and Michael Heizer's Levitated Mass, a 340-ton boulder transported 100 miles from the Jurupa Valley to LACMA, a widely publicized journey that culminated with a large celebration on Wilshire Boulevard  Thanks in part to the popularity of these public artworks, LACMA was ranked the fourth most instagrammed museum in the world in 2016 In his first three full years, the museum raised $251 million—about $100 million more than it collected during the three years before he arrived  In 2010, it was announced that Govan will steer LACMA for at least six more years  In a letter dated February 24, 2013, Govan, along with the LACMA board's co-chairmen Terry Semel and Andrew Gordon, proposed a merger with the financially troubled Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and a plan to raise $100 million for the combined museum 

Zumthor Project
Govan's latest project is an ambitious building project, the replacement of four of the campus's aging buildings with a single new state of the art gallery building designed by architect Peter Zumthor  As of January 2017, he has raised about $300 million in commitments  Construction is expected to begin in 2018, and the new building will open in 2023, to coincide with the opening of the new D Line metro stop on Wilshire Boulevard  The project also envisages dissolving all existing curatorial departments and departmental collections  Some commentators have been highly critical of Govan's plans  Joseph Giovannini, recalling Govan's technically unrealizable onetime plan to hang Jeff Koons' Train sculpture from the facade of the Ahmanson Gallery, has accused Govan of "driving the institution over a cliff into an equivalent mid-air wreck of its own"  Describing the collection merging proposal as the creation of a "giant raffle bowl of some 130,000 objects", Giovannini also points out that the Zumthor building will contain 33% less gallery space than the galleries it will replace, and that the linear footage of wall space available for displays will decrease by about 7,500 ft, or 1 5 miles  Faced with losing a building named in its honor, and anticipating that its acquisitions could no longer be displayed, the Ahmanson Foundation withdrew its support 
On the merging of the separate curatorial divisions to create a non-departmental art museum, Christopher Knight has pointed out that "no other museum of LACMA's size and complexity does it" that way, and characterized the museum's 2019 "To Rome and Back" exhibition, the first to take place under the new scheme, as "bland and ineffectual" and an "unsuccessful sample of what's to come" 

Personal life
Govan is married and has two daughters, one from a previous marriage  He and his family used to live in a $6 million mansion in Hancock Park that was provided by LACMA - a benefit worth $155,000 a year, according to most recent tax filings - until LACMA decided that it would sell the property to make up for the museum's of almost $900 million in debt [2]  That home is now worth nearly $8 million and Govan now lives in a trailer park in Malibu's Point Dume region 
Los Angeles CA 90020
United States  He has had a private pilot's license since 1995 and keeps a 1979 Beechcraft Bonanza at Santa Monica Airport 
Passage 5:
S  N  Mathur
S N  Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980  He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab 
Passage 6:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 7:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 8:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 9:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 10:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Context 2: Passage 1:
John Vernou Bouvier III
John Vernou "Black Jack" Bouvier III ( BOO-vee-ay; May 19, 1891 – August 3, 1957) was an American Wall Street stockbroker and socialite  He was the father of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and of socialite Lee Radziwill, and was the father-in-law of John F  Kennedy 

Early life and education
John Vernou Bouvier III was born in Manhattan in 1891  His nickname, "Black Jack", referred to his flamboyant lifestyle Bouvier's great-grandfather, Michel Charles Bouvier (1792-1874), was a French cabinetmaker from Pont-Saint-Esprit, Occitania  Michel immigrated to Philadelphia in 1815 after fighting in the Napoleonic Wars, worked for Joseph Bonaparte, married, was widowed, and then married Louise Clifford Vernou (1811-1872) In addition to crafting fine furniture, Michel Bouvier had a business distributing firewood  To support that business, he acquired large tracts of forested land, some of which contained a large reserve of coal  Michel further grew his fortune in real estate speculation  His sons, Eustes, Michel Charles (M C ), and John V  Bouvier Sr , distinguished themselves in the world of finance on Wall Street  They left their fortunes to their only remaining male Bouvier heir, Major John Vernou Bouvier Jr  (1866-1948), who used some of the money to buy an estate known as Lasata in East Hampton, Long Island Major John Vernou Bouvier, Jr , a successful attorney, and Maude Frances Sergeant (1869-1940) had five children, of whom John Vernou Bouvier III was the eldest  Their other children were William Sergeant "Bud" Bouvier, who was born in 1893 and died from alcoholism in 1929; Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale, who was born in 1895 and became the wife of Phelan Beale, Sr  and the mother of Edith Bouvier Beale, Phelan Beale, Jr , and Bouvier Beale; and twins Maude Reppelin Bouvier Davis and Michelle Caroline Bouvier Scott Putnam (born 1905) John Vernou Bouvier III attended Philips Exeter Academy and Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School  He then studied at Columbia College, his father's alma mater, where he played tennis for two years before transferring to the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University  While attending Yale, he was a member of the Book and Snake secret society and the Cloister Club  He graduated in 1914 

Career and military service
Upon his graduation, he went to work as a stockbroker at his father and uncle's firm: Bouvier, Bouvier & Bouvier   In 1917, he left the firm to join the United States Navy  When the Navy proved to be too strenuous, he transferred to the United States Army, where he served as a major  His 1920 engagement announcement  stated he had served in the Army Air Service   Bouvier was discharged in 1919, whereupon he went back to work as a stockbroker on Wall Street In 1940 Bouvier became a hereditary member of the Maryland Society of the Cincinnati 

Personal life
On April 7, 1920, the New York Sun published an engagement announcement for Bouvier and Miss Eleanor Carroll Daingerfield Carter, of Baltimore   The announcement stated she was a descendant of Reverdy Johnson  The engagement was later called off   
Bouvier later married Janet Norton Lee, a daughter of real estate developer James T  Lee, on July 7, 1928, at St  Philomena's Church in East Hampton   They had two daughters, Jacqueline Lee "Jackie" Bouvier (1929–1994) and Caroline Lee Bouvier (1933–2019)   Bouvier's drinking, gambling, and philandering led to the couple's divorce in June 1940  Bouvier never remarried 
In June 1942, Janet Lee Bouvier married Hugh Dudley Auchincloss, Jr  Janet reportedly did not want her ex-husband to escort his daughter, Jacqueline, down the aisle for her 1953 wedding to John F  Kennedy as he had done at the wedding of his other daughter, Lee, the previous year, so Jacqueline was instead escorted by her step-father  However, some reports indicated Bouvier was too intoxicated to escort his daughter, leading Auchincloss to step in to give the bride away By the mid-1950s, Bouvier had sporadic contact with his daughters and family  He spent the majority of his time drinking alone at his New York City apartment located at 125 East 74th Street 

Later life and death
In the spring of 1957, Bouvier was diagnosed with terminal liver cancer  He checked into Lenox Hill Hospital on July 27, 1957 to undergo chemotherapy  On August 1, he fell into a coma  He died two days later, on August 3, aged 66   His funeral, which was arranged by his daughters Jacqueline and Lee, was held at St  Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan after which his body was buried in the Bouvier family plot at Most Holy Trinity Catholic Cemetery in East Hampton, New York 

In popular culture
Bouvier is thought to be the "Wall Street Jack" mentioned in the lyrics of "Forty Second Street", from the musical 42nd Street He was portrayed by Rod Taylor in the TV film biography Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy in 1981 
He was portrayed by Fred Ward in the TV film biography ‘’Jackie Bouvier Kennedy Onassis’’ in 2000
Passage 2:
Ludwig von Westphalen
Johann Ludwig von Westphalen (11 July 1770 – 3 March 1842) was a liberal Prussian civil servant and the father-in-law of Karl Marx 

Biography
Early life
Johann Ludwig von Westphalen was born on 11 July 1770 in Bornum am Elm  He was the youngest son of Philipp von Westphalen (1724–92), who himself was the son of a Blankenburg postmaster  Philipp von Westphalen had been ennobled in 1764 with the predicate Edler von Westphalen by Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick for his military services  He had served as the duke's de facto "chief of staff" during the Seven Years' War  Through his mother, Jane Wishart of Pittarrow, he was the descendant of many Scottish and European noble families He received extensive education and spoke German and English, and read Latin, Greek, Italian, French and Spanish  He studied at the Collegium Carolinum, the forerunner of today's Braunschweig University of Technology, and at Göttingen 

Career
In 1794, he entered government's service in Brunswick  In 1797 he married Elisabeth von Veltheim, who bore him four children  In 1804 he entered the government service of the Duchy of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel) 
With the establishment of the Napoleonic state in Westphalia (the Kingdom of Westphalia) in 1807, he entered its service  He was likely motivated in this by a desire to see reforms carried out  He did, however, oppose the French dominance of the local government, and other policies, and for his critique he was eventually arrested by orders from Louis-Nicolas Davout and imprisoned in the fortress of Gifhorn  In the same year, he lost his first wife  In the summer of 1809 Louis was appointed sub-prefect of Salzwedel, where three years later in 1812 he married Karoline Heubel; they had three children  After Salzwedel was again under Prussian administration, in 1816 Ludwig von Westphalen was transferred to the newly established regional government in Trier 

Personal life
It was in Trier that he met and befriended Heinrich Marx, the father of Karl Marx  The children of the respective families, in particular Jenny and Edgar von Westphalen, and Sophie and Karl Marx, became close friends as well  In 1836, Jenny von Westphalen and Karl Marx became engaged; at first secretly but Ludwig approved the marriage in 1837, even though some saw Marx, who was both middle class and younger than her, as well as of Jewish descent, as an inappropriate partner for the noble daughter  In fact, Ludwig was seen as the mentor and role model of Karl Marx, who referred to him as a "dear fatherly friend"  Ludwig filled Marx with enthusiasm for the romantic school and read him Homer and Shakespeare, who remained Marx's favorite authors all his life  Marx also read Voltaire and Racine with Ludwig  Ludwig devoted much of his time to the young Marx and the two went for intellectual walks through "the hills and woods" of the neighbourhood  It was Ludwig who first introduced Marx to the personality and socialist teachings of Saint-Simon  Marx dedicated his doctoral thesis "The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature" written in 1841 to Ludwig in a most effusive manner in which Marx wrote "You, my fatherly friend, have always been for me the living proof that idealism is no illusion, but the true reality" In 1842, Marx was present at the deathbed of Ludwig von Westphalen  Jenny and Karl became married in 1843, a year after Ludwig's death 
He was the father of Ferdinand von Westphalen, a conservative and reactionary Prussian Minister of the Interior 

Death
He died on 3 March 1842 in Trier 
Passage 3:
Barthold A  Butenschøn Sr 
Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn (27 December 1877 – 28 November 1971) was a Norwegian businessperson 
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Nils August Andresen Butenschøn and Hanna Butenschøn, and grandson of Nicolay Andresen  Together with Mabel Anette Plahte (1877–1973, a daughter of Frithjof M  Plahte) he had the son Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn Jr  and was through him the father-in-law of Ragnhild Butenschøn and grandfather of Peter Butenschøn  Through his daughter Marie Claudine he was the father-in-law of Joakim Lehmkuhl, through his daughter Mabel Anette he was the father-in-law of Harald Astrup (a son of Sigurd Astrup) and through his daughter Nini Augusta he was the father-in-law of Ernst Torp He took commerce school and agricultural school  He was hired in the family company N  A  Andresen & Co, and became a co-owner in 1910  He eventually became chief executive officer  The bank changed its name to Andresens Bank in 1913 and merged with Bergens Kreditbank in 1920  The merger was dissolved later in the 1920s  He was also a landowner, owning Nedre Skøyen farm and a lot of land in Enebakk  He chaired the board of Nydalens Compagnie from 1926, having not been a board member before that He also chaired the supervisory council of Forsikringsselskapet Viking and Nedre Glommen salgsforening, and was a supervisory council member of Filharmonisk Selskap  He was a member of the gentlemen's club SK Fram since 1890, and was proclaimed a lifetime member in 1964 He was buried in Enebakk 
Passage 4:
John Adams (merchant)
John Adams (1672 or 1673 – c  1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council  He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton 

Biography
Adams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams  Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710  Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life  There, he traded manufactured goods with the province's Acadian and Native Americans, and took up the role of a real estate agent and contractor  Adams joined the Executive Council of Nova Scotia on 28 April 1720, holding his position there for 20 years; the records show that few served as long as he did  He also held several other public positions in the province  Adams was appointed a notary public and deputy collector of customs for Annapolis Royal in 1725, and he was commissioned a justice of the peace in March 1727 Around the mid-1720s, Adams' poor eyesight began to fail, leading to his near-blindness in 1730  After this, he was less active in community activities and trade  Adams petitioned to the king for a pension several times, but failed  He blamed his disability on over-exposure to the sun during an Indian attack on Annapolis Royal in 1724  In December 1739, Lieutenant Governor Lawrence Armstrong died  With the absence of Major Mascarene to take Armstrong's place, Adams became the new president of the council and head of the civil government  (Alexander Cosby was also vying for the position ) In a meeting on 22 March 1740, with the return of Mascarene, the councilors declared that he was the council's rightful president  This turn of events led Adams to retire to Boston in late August or early September 1740, where he stayed for the rest of his life  He died some time after 1745 

Notes
Passage 5:
James Armour (Master mason)
James Armour (15 January 1731 – 20 September 1798) was a master mason and father of Jean Armour, and therefore the father-in-law of the poet Robert Burns  His birth year was shown here as 1730  The Scotland's People database has no record of this year of birth for a James Armour  Wikitree and several other data sources have his birth date as 10th/24th January 1731  The Scotland's People database has this record but showing his baptism on 24 January 1731  His birth on the original Old Parish Record is shown as 15 January 1731 to John Armour and Margrat(sic) Picken in Kilmarnock  James named his first son John which would normally be after James's father i e  John  The chances of there being two James's born on exactly the same date exactly one year apart appear very remote and the naming of the first child seems to validate the conclusion that James Armour was born in 1731 and not 1730 

Life and background
At Mauchline on 7 December 1761 he married Mary Smith, the daughter of stonemason Adam Smith  James died on 30 September 1798 and was buried in the family lair in Mauchline churchyard  His wife died in 1805 and was buried with her husband 

Family
James' eleven offspring with Mary, were, in birth order, John, Jean, James, Robert, Adam, Helen, Mary, Robert (2nd), Mary (2nd), Janet and Robert (3rd)  Three siblings died in childhood  Dr John Armour was the eldest son who was born in Mauchline on 14 November 1762 and died in 1834  He had his practice in Kincardine-on-Forth where he died and was buried  He had two children, Janet and John, and married Janet Coventry on 10 March 1787  James and Mary's son James was born in Mauchline on 26 April 1767, married Betthaia Walker in 1794, Martha in 1818 and Janet in 1822  Their offspring were James and Betthaia  Adam Armour was named after Adam Smith, James Armour's father-in-law The Armours' single-storey house stood in Cowgate, separated from John Dove's Whitefoord Arms by a narrow lane  Jean's bedroom window looked on to a window of the inn, thereby allowing Burns to converse with her from the public house itself  The Whitefoord Inn was often frequented by Burns and was also the meeting place of the so-called Court of Equity and linked to a significant incident in the life of Jean's brother Adam regarding the mistreatment of Agnes Wilson 

Occupation and social standing
James was a master mason and contractor rather than an architect, regardless of Burns' attempts to describe him as one  He is known to have carried out contract work at Dumfries House near Cumnock and tradition links him to the building of Howford Bridge on the River Ayr, Greenan Bridge on the River Doon; Skeldon House, Dalrymple; and several other bridges in Ayrshire  Both the Armours and his wife's family had been stone-masons for several generations  William Burnes, Robert Burns' cousin, was apprenticed to James Armour James was an adherent of the 'Auld Licht' style of religion and rented at 10/8 per year one of the most expensive pews in Mauchline church  James was rigid and austere, apparently living an exemplary life  Robert Burns-Begg, Burns' great-nephew, states that in contrast to her husband, Mary Armour was "Partaken somewhat of the gay and frivolous " William 'Willie' Patrick, a source of many anecdotes about Robert and his family, stated about James that "he was only a bit mason body, wha used to snuff a guid deal and gae afen tak a bit dram!" He went on to say regarding James' attitude to Robert Burns that "The thing was, he hated him, and would raither hae seen the Deil himsel comin to the hoose to coort his dochter than him! He cu'dna bear the sicht o'm, and that was the way he did it!" 

Association with Robert Burns
James had disapproved of Burns's courtship of Jean, being aware of his affair with Elizabeth Paton, his 'New Licht' leanings and his poor financial situation  When informed in March 1786 by his distraught wife that Jean was pregnant he fainted and upon recovering consciousness and being given a strong cordial drink he enquired who the father was, fainting again when he was told that it was Robert Burns  The couple persuaded Jean to travel to Paisley and lodge with their relative Andrew Purdie, husband of her aunt Elizabeth Smith  Robert Wilson lived in Paisley, a possible suitor who had shown a romantic interest in Jean previously, appears to have been only part of the reason for this action, for on 8 April Mary Armour had vehemently denied to James Lamie, a member of the Kirk Session, that Jean was pregnant 

Robert Burns produced a paper, probably a record of their "Marriage by Declaration" possibly witnessed by James Smith  This document, no longer extant, was defaced under James Armour's direction, probably by the lawyer Robert Aitken, with the names of both Robert and Jean being cut out  This act did not in fact effect its legality   Robert wrote that James Armour's actions had "   cut my very veins", a feeling enhanced by Jean having handed over "the unlucky paper" and had agreed to go to Paisley 
James Armour in the meantime forced his daughter to sign a complaint and a warrant "in meditatione fugae" against Robert was issued to prevent his abandoning her  Burns fled to Old Rome Forest near Gatehead in South Ayrshire, where Jean Brown, Agnes Broun's half-sister and therefore an aunt of Burns, lived with her husband, James Allan 
Twins were born to Jean and Robert on 3 September 1786, named after their parents as was the kirk's protocol for children born out of wedlock  Robert, notified of the birth by Adam Armour, that Sunday went to the Armour's house with a gift of tea, sugar and a Guinea that proved most acceptable
Context 3: Passage 1:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 
Passage 2:
Fred Williamson
Frederick Robert Williamson (born March 5, 1938), also known as "the Hammer", is an American actor and former professional American football defensive back who played mainly in the American Football League (AFL) during the 1960s  Williamson has had a busy film career, starring as Tommy Gibbs in the 1973 crime drama film Black Caesar and its sequel Hell Up in Harlem  Williamson also had roles in other 1970s blaxploitation films such as Hammer (1972), That Man Bolt (1973) and Three the Hard Way (1974) 

Early life and education
Born in Gary, Indiana, Williamson was the oldest child born to Frank, a welder and Lydia Williamson  Williamson attended Froebel High School, where he ran track and played football  He graduated in 1956  After high school, Williamson left Gary for Evanston, Illinois to attend Northwestern University on a football scholarship 

Career
Football
After playing college football for Northwestern in the late 1950s, Williamson was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers  When during training camp he was switched to their defense, his attitude over the switch prompted him to play his position with too much aggression, and the coach of the 49ers asked him to quit "hammering" his players  Thus, "The Hammer" quickly stuck and became his nickname 
Williamson played one year for the Steelers in the National Football League in 1960  Next, he moved to the new American Football League  Williamson played four seasons for the AFL's Oakland Raiders, making the AFL All-Star team in 1961, 1962, and 1963  He also played three seasons for the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs  During his period of playing for the Chiefs, Williamson became one of football's first self-promoters, nurturing the nickname "The Hammer" because he used his forearm to deliver karate-style blows to the heads of opposing players, especially wide receivers  Before Super Bowl I, Williamson garnered national headlines by boasting that he would knock the Green Bay Packers starting receivers, Carroll Dale and Boyd Dowler, out of the game  He stated "Two hammers to Dowler, one to Dale should be enough" His prediction turned out to be an ironic one because "they (Green Bay) broke the hammer" as Williamson himself was knocked out of the game in the fourth quarter on the way to a 35–10 defeat  Williamson's head met the knee of the Packers' running back Donny Anderson  Williamson later suffered a broken arm from his own teammate when Chiefs linebacker Sherrill Headrick fell on him  Williamson finished his eight-season pro football career in 1967 with a history of many hard tackles, passes knocked away, and 36 pass interceptions in 104 games  Williamson returned his interceptions for 479 yards and two touchdowns  After signing with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League during the 1968 season, but not having played in a league game, Williamson retired 

Acting
Williamson became an actor much in the mold of star running back Jim Brown  He acted alongside Brown in films such as Three the Hard Way (1974), Take a Hard Ride (1975), One Down, Two to Go (1982), Original Gangstas (1996) and On the Edge (2002)  Williamson also guest starred with Brown in various television roles  In October 1973, Williamson posed nude for Playgirl magazine, preempting Brown's appearance in 1974  Williamson's early television roles included a role in the original Star Trek episode "The Cloud Minders" (1969), in which he played Anka  He also played Diahann Carroll's love interest in the sitcom Julia  In an interview for the DVD of Bronx Warriors, Williamson stated that his role in Julia was created for him when he convinced the producers that the Black community was upset that Julia had a different boyfriend every week 
Williamson's early film work included roles in M*A*S*H (1970) and Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon (1970)   He portrayed an escaped slave who flees westward in The Legend of Nigger Charley (1972)  He played the role of an African-American gangster in the film Black Caesar (1973) and its subsequent sequel, Hell Up in Harlem (also 1973)  Williamson also starred in the 1975 western film Boss Nigger, in which he played the title role  After this he appeared as an actor in several films, most of which are considered to be of the "blaxploitation" genre  Williamson starred alongside Peter Boyle and Eli Wallach in the movie Crazy Joe (1974)  In 1974, Williamson was selected by the ABC television network as a commentator on Monday Night Football to replace Don Meredith, who had left to pursue an acting and broadcasting career at rival network NBC  Williamson was used on a few pre-season broadcasts, but was quickly declared unsuitable by ABC  He was relieved of his duties at the beginning of the regular season, becoming the first MNF personality not to endure for an entire season  He was replaced by the fellow former player (and fellow Gary, Indiana, native) Alex Karras 
Williamson co-starred in the short-lived series Half Nelson (1985)  During the mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s, Williamson frequently appeared on television as a spokesman for King Cobra malt liquor ("Don't let the smooth taste fool you "), as did fellow actor/martial artist Martin Kove  In 1994, Williamson, along with many other black actors from the 'Blaxploitation' movie era (namely Antonio Fargas, Pam Grier, Rudy Ray Moore, and Ron O'Neal) made a cameo appearance on Snoop Doggy Dogg's music video "Doggy Dogg World", where he appears as himself using his pro-football nickname "The Hammer"  Williamson co-starred with George Clooney and Quentin Tarantino in From Dusk till Dawn (1996), directed by Robert Rodriguez  He was in the cast of the original The Inglorious Bastards (1978), which would later inspire Tarantino's 2009 film of similar name 
Williamson has continued his career as an actor and director into the 21st Century, appearing in the reboot film Starsky & Hutch (2004) derived from the 1970s television series 

Working with clique of actors
Williamson has co-starred in a number of films with Bo Svenson  They include, The Inglorious Bastards (1978), Deadly Impact (1984), Delta Force Commando (1987), The Kill Reflex (1989), Three Days to a Kill (1991),  and Steele's Law (1991)

Directing and producing
Since the 1970s, Williamson has had another career as a director and producer  His first film as producer was Boss Nigger (1975), in which he also starred  His second film as producer was with Mean Johnny Barrows (1976), a predecessor of the Rambo films which similarly featured a violent Vietnam Vet plot (though the novel First Blood on which the film First Blood was based was written in 1972)  He has since directed over 20 features  In the middle of the 1970s, Williamson relocated to Rome, Italy and formed his own company Po' Boy Productions, which started to produce actioners including Adios Amigo (1976) and Death Journey (1976), both of which starred and were directed by Williamson  Although his most recent efforts as director and producer have mainly been direct-to-video, Williamson remains an active film maker 

Personal life
Williamson has been married twice  His first marriage was to Ginette Lavonda from 1960 until 1967  Williamson has been married to Linda Williamson since 1988  Williamson has at least three children but some sources state he has at least six  Williamson has black belts in Kenpō, Shotokan karate and taekwondo  Since 1997, Williamson has had a home in Palm Springs, California 

Filmography
See also
List of American Football League players
Passage 3:
Larry Cohen
Lawrence George Cohen (July 15, 1936 – March 23, 2019) was an American screenwriter, producer, and director of film and television, best known as an author of horror and science fiction films — often containing police procedural and satirical elements — during the 1970s and 1980s, such as It's Alive (1974), God Told Me To (1976), It Lives Again (1978), The Stuff (1985) and A Return to Salem's Lot (1987)  He originally emerged as the writer of blaxploitation films such as Bone (1972), Black Caesar, and Hell Up in Harlem (both 1973)  Later on he concentrated mainly on screenwriting, including Phone Booth (2002), Cellular (2004) and Captivity (2007) 
Early in his career, Cohen was a prolific television writer, creating series such as Branded, Blue Light, Coronet Blue, and The Invaders  In 2006, he returned to the directing chair for Mick Garris's anthology series Masters of Horror, directing the episode "Pick Me Up"  In 2017, Cohen was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Fantasia International Film Festival 

Early life
Lawrence George Cohen was born in Manhattan, New York City, on July 15, 1936  His family was of Jewish ancestry  His sister, Ronni Chasen, was a publicist who worked with him beginning early in his film career  He moved to the Riverdale section of the Bronx in New York City at an early age 
Cohen exhibited a voracious appetite for films as a child, visiting the movie theaters at least twice a week, and most of them being double features, the young Cohen managed to consume at least four movies a week  He was a fan of the hard-boiled and film noir movies that featured actors such as Humphrey Bogart and James Cagney; films that were penned by the likes of Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett  Cohen was especially a fan of director Michael Curtiz, whose films include The Adventures of Robin Hood, Casablanca, and Dodge City 
He majored in film studies at the City College of New York 

Career
Early work
During the 1950s Cohen worked for the NBC television network, where he learned how to produce teleplays, and shortly afterward began writing his own television scripts  He created the TV series The Invaders and also scripted episodes of The Defenders and The Fugitive Cohen began his career as a writer for well-known television series, concentrating his efforts on the crime and detective genres  He penned several episodes of The Defenders (1964) — which starred E G  Marshall — one episode of Espionage (1964), and episodes of The Fugitive (1964–65)  Other writing credits during the 1950s and 1960s included the fantasy-suspense anthologies Kraft Television Theatre (1958) and Kraft Suspense Theatre (1965), the espionage TV series Blue Light (1966) starring Robert Goulet and Coronet Blue (1967) starring Frank Converse, and the science-fiction TV series, The Invaders (1967–1968)  In 1966, he wrote the screenplay to the Western film Return of the Seven (also known as Return of the Magnificent Seven), a sequel to the 1960 film The Magnificent Seven, which had the return of Yul Brynner as gunslinger Chris Adams  Four episodes he wrote for Blue Light were edited together to create the theatrical film I Deal in Danger, released in December 1966  He also created the Western TV series Branded (1965–1966) and was the co-creator with Walter Grauman of Blue Light 

1970s
Although Cohen continued to write TV and film scripts during the 1970s – such as Columbo – he further turned his hand to directing  His directorial debut was the 1972 comedy film Bone (aka Beverly Hills Nightmare) starring Yaphet Kotto  Cohen directed Dial Rat for Terror (1973) and Housewife (1973) before creating the It's Alive series in 1974  He wrote, produced and directed the horror film It's Alive, about a mutant monster baby that embarks on a killing spree  The film – an initial commercial failure – was re-released with a new and sharper advertisement campaign; it went on to become a moderate success, earning over $7 million for Warner Bros  and spawning two sequels, It Lives Again (1978) and It's Alive III: Island of the Alive (1987) Cohen followed-up It's Alive with the science-fiction serial killer film God Told Me To (1976), in which a New York detective investigates a spate of killings by apparently random people who say that God told them to commit the crimes  He concentrated his work predominantly within the horror genre throughout the 1970s and 1980s, often incorporating elements of crime, police procedural, and science fiction with scathing social commentary 
Cohen's It's Alive tells of a couple, Frank and Lenore Davis, who give birth to a mutated baby  The doctors and nurses at the hospital attempt to end the life of the deformed child, but it instead kills them and escapes  A police manhunt ensues as the fleeing mutation leaves dead bodies in its wake  Frank sees the child just as Dr  Frankenstein saw his monster and assists the police 
The emphasis in It's Alive is on the potential effects of chemicals to the ecosystem, and experimental prescription drugs that can be harmful to unborn babies  The score for It's Alive was composed by Bernard Herrmann, known for his contributions to many Alfred Hitchcock films, including Psycho, North by Northwest, and Vertigo  The welling strings, horn arrangements and harp glissandos throughout the film prefigure the soundtrack to Herrmann's final film score two years later for Taxi Driver  The cast includes John P  Ryan, Sharon Farrell, James Dixon, and Andrew Duggan 
It Lives Again (1978) picks up where the first one ended  More mutated babies are appearing around the country  Frank has now joined a renegade mob who are attempting to stop the government from killing these strange mutations  The emphasis in It Lives Again is on accepting one's child, even if it is born with deformities or disabilities  The score is again provided by Bernard Herrmann  The cast includes John P  Ryan, James Dixon, Andrew Duggan, and Frederic Forrest 

1980s
During the 1980s, Cohen directed, produced, and scripted a number of low-budget horror films, many of which featured actor Michael Moriarty  The first was Q – a k a  Q: The Winged Serpent (1982) — about an Aztec god known as Quetzalcoatl (the Winged Serpent) resurrected and nesting atop the Chrysler Building  The film is set in New York City, as was typical for Cohen, and sees two police detectives investigating a spate of killings in the city  The cast is headed by Moriarty and co-stars David Carradine, Candy Clark, Richard Roundtree, and James Dixon (another Cohen regular)  The Chrysler Building scenes were actually shot on location in and around the building, including the inside and outside of the cone atop the edifice 
Cohen's next project with Moriarty was The Stuff (1985), in which an alien substance of sorts is found bubbling out of the ground  The Stuff is marketed at the general public, which rapidly becomes addicted to it  David "Mo" Rutheford, an industrial saboteur, played by Moriarty, is hired to investigate the origins of the Stuff and decides to destroy the product  The film co-stars Danny Aiello, Brian Bloom, Scott Bloom, Andrea Marcovicci, Patrick O'Neal, and Paul Sorvino  Saturday Night Live regular Garrett Morris plays Charlie W  Hobbs a



ground_truth: Köln

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the father-in-law of Hong Ra-Hee?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:   Robert only returned from Edinburgh in the summer of 1787 to find that he was, thanks to his newly found fame as a published poet, actively welcomed into the family 
Jean however fell pregnant out of official wedlock once more, with the result that she felt forced to leave the Armour's home due to her father's anger  She was taken in by Willie Muir and his wife at Tarbolton Mill  It had previously been agreed that baby Jean would stay with her mother and baby Robert would join Bess at Mossgiel  The second set of twins did not live long and are buried, unnamed, in the Armour lair in Mauchline churchyard  Robert was in Edinburgh and did not arrive back until 23 February 1788; he then arranged accommodation for Jean Whilst at the Brow Well Robert Burns wrote two of his last letters to his father-in-law asking that Mary Armour, who was away visiting relatives in Fife, be sent to Dumfries to help care for Jean who was heavily pregnant  On 10 July 1796 his last letter was signed "Your most affectionate son  R  Burns "Upon the death of Robert Burnes his nephew Robert arranged for his cousin William to become a mason or building worker, working with James Armour, Burns' father-in-law 

The Inveraray marble Punch Bowl
Of the many surviving Robert Burns artefacts few have such distinguished provenance as the punch bowl that was a nuptial gift in 1788 from James Armour to his daughter Jean and her new husband Robert Burns  As a stone-mason James had carved it himself (22cm x 14cm ) from dark green Inveraray marble and after residing at their various homes, Jean in 1801 presented it to her husband's great friend and Burns family benefactor Alexander Cunningham whilst she was on a visit to Edinburgh and staying with George Thomson  He had it mounted with a silver base and a rim, engraved upon which are the words “Ye whom social pleasure charms    Come to my Bowl! Come to my arms, My FRIENDS, my BROTHERS!” taken from Burns’s “The Epistle to J  Lapraik ”Alexander died in 1812 and it was then sold at auction in 1815 for the impressive price of 80 Guineas to a London publican who, falling upon hard times,  sold it to Archibald Hastie Esq of London  A copy is held by the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum at Alloway, whilst the original is in the British Museum in London, presented to that institution by Archibald Hastie in 1858 

See also
Adam Armour
Jean Armour
Robert Burnes
William Burnes
Passage 6:
Lee Kun-hee
Lee Kun-hee (Korean: 이건희; Hanja: 李健熙, Korean: [iːɡʌnɣi]; 9 January 1942 – 25 October 2020) was a South Korean business magnate who served as the chairman of Samsung Group from 1987 to 2008, and again from 2010 until his death in 2020  He is also credited with the transformation of Samsung to one of the world's largest business entities that engages in semiconductors, smartphones, electronics, shipbuilding, construction, and other businesses  Since Lee Kun-hee became the chairman of Samsung, the company became the world's largest manufacturer of smartphones, memory chips, and appliances  He was the third son of Samsung founder Lee Byung-chul  With an estimated net worth of US$21 billion at the time of his death, he was the richest person in South Korea, a position that he had held since 2007 
He was convicted twice, once in 1996 and subsequently in 2008, for corruption and tax evasion charges, but was pardoned on both instances  In 2014, Lee was named the world's 35th most powerful person and the most powerful Korean by Forbes's list of the world's most powerful people along with his son, Lee Jae-yong 

Early life
Lee Kun-hee was born on 9 January 1942 in Daegu, during the Japanese occupation of Korea  He was the third son of Lee Byung-chul, the founder of the Samsung group, which was set up as an exporter of fruit and dried fish  He went on to get a degree in economics from Waseda University, a private university in Japan  He studied for a masters program in business from the George Washington University in Washington, D C , but did not get a degree 

Career
First period at Samsung
Lee joined the Samsung Group in 1966 with the Tongyang Broadcasting Company, and later went on to work for Samsung's construction and trading company He took over the chairmanship of the conglomerate on 24 December 1987, two weeks after the death of his father, Lee Byung-chul  In 1993, believing that Samsung Group was overly focused on producing large quantities of low-quality goods and was not prepared to compete in quality, Lee famously said, "Change everything except your wife and kids"  This call was an attempt to drive innovation at the company and to face up to the competition at that time from rivals like Sony Corporation  In a declaration now known as the 'Frankfurt Declaration', he had his executives gather in the German city in 1993 and called for a change in the company's approach to quality, even if it meant lower sales  The company went on to become the largest manufacturer of televisions, outpacing Sony corporation in 2006 

Scandals and controversies
Lee was convicted for having paid bribes to president Roh Tae-woo in 1996  He was subsequently pardoned by president Kim Young-sam On 14 January 2008, Korean police raided Lee's home and office in an ongoing probe into accusations that Samsung was responsible for a slush fund used to bribe influential prosecutors, judges, and political figures in South Korea  On 4 April 2008, Lee denied allegations against him in the scandal  After a second round of questioning by the South Korean prosecutors, on 11 April 2008, Lee was quoted by reporters as saying, "I am responsible for everything  I will assume full moral and legal responsibility ” On 21 April 2008, he resigned and stated: "We, including myself, have caused troubles to the nation with the special probe; I deeply apologize for that, and I'll take full responsibility for everything, both legally and morally "On 16 July 2008, The New York Times reported the Seoul Central District Court had found Lee guilty on charges of financial wrongdoing and tax evasion  Prosecutors requested that Lee be sentenced to seven years in prison and fined 350 billion won (approximately US$312 million)  The court fined him 110 billion won (approximately US$98 million) and gave him a three-years suspended sentence  However, on 29 December 2009, South Korean president Lee Myung-bak pardoned Lee, stating that the intent of the pardon was to allow Lee to remain on the International Olympic Committee  In Lee Myung-bak's corruption trial, this pardon was revealed to have been in exchange for bribes; further bribery and other political corruption between former President Lee and Lee Kun-hee was also exposed Think Samsung, a 2010 book by Kim Yong-chul, former Samsung legal counsel, alleged that Lee was guilty of corruption  In particular, it claimed that he stole up to 10 trillion won (approximately US$8 9 billion) from Samsung subsidiaries, tampered with evidence, and bribed government officials to guarantee his son would succeed him 

Return to Samsung
On 24 March 2010, Lee announced his return to Samsung Electronics as its chairman  He continued in this position until 2014, when he suffered an incapacitating heart attack and his son, Lee Jae-yong, became the Samsung group's de facto leader  He is credited with having transformed Samsung into the world's largest manufacturer of smartphones, televisions, and memory chips  At the time of his death, the company was worth US$300 billion, and with an estimated net worth US$20 7 billion per Bloomberg's billionaire index, he was the richest person in South Korea; a position that he had held since 2007 Following his death, Lee's heirs are expected to face an estate tax of around US$10 billion, which might potentially result in dilution of the family's stake in the conglomerate  This stems from South Korea's high estate tax of 50% for estates larger than US$3 billion, which is second only to Japan, amongst the OECD countries 

Personal life
Lee Kun-hee was married to Hong Ra-hee until his death  Hong is the daughter of Hong Jin-ki, the former chairman of the JoongAng Ilbo and Tongyang Broadcasting Company His siblings and some of their children are also executives of major Korean business groups  Lee Boo-jin, his eldest daughter, is president and CEO of Hotel Shilla, a luxury hotel chain, as well as president of Everland Resort, a theme park and resort operator that is "widely seen as the de facto holding company for the conglomerate" according to the Associated Press Lee had four children: the eldest child and the only son, Lee Jae-yong (born 1968), and three daughters, Lee Boo-jin (born 1970), Lee Seo-hyun (born 1973), and Lee Yoon-hyung (1979–2005) who died by suicide Lee's older brother Lee Maeng-hee and older sister Lee Sook-hee initiated legal action against him in February 2012, asking a South Korean court to award them shares of Samsung companies totaling US$850 million (913 563 billion won), which they claim their father willed to them  Court hearings began in May 2012  On 6 February 2014, courts in South Korea dismissed the case 

Illness and death
Lee was treated for lung cancer in the late 1990s and was tested again for cancer in 2005, at the MD Anderson Medical Center in Houston, Texas, with no subsequent concerns being announced  He was hospitalized in Seoul in May 2014 after suffering a heart attack, and lapsed into a coma, which he remained in until his death on 25 October 2020, at the age of 78 Lee's death triggered the largest inheritance tax bill in history, of 12 trillion won ($10 78 billion) 

Posthumous
The heirs to the late Lee announced in the Spring of 2021 that the businessman's multibillion-dollar collection of more than 23,000 works of art would be dispersed throughout public institutions in South Korea  Contrary to this announcement, the country's minister of culture, sports, and tourism, Hwang Hee, announced plans to build a new museum dedicated to the Lee collection 
Passage 7:
Ogawa Mataji
Viscount Ogawa Mataji (小川又次, 22 August 1848 – 20 October 1909) was a general in the early Imperial Japanese Army  He was also the father-in-law of Field Marshal Gen Sugiyama 

Life and military career
Ogawa was born to a samurai family; his father was a retainer to the daimyō of Kokura Domain, in what is now Kitakyushu, Fukuoka  He studied rangaku under Egawa Hidetatsu and fought as a Kokura samurai against the forces of Chōshū Domain during the Bakumatsu period 
After the Meiji Restoration, Ogawa attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in January 1871 and promoted to lieutenant in February 1874  He participated in the Taiwan Expedition of April 1874  Afterwards, he served with the IJA 1st Infantry Regiment under the Tokyo Garrison, and as a battalion commander with the IJA 13th Infantry Regiment from April 1876  From February 1877, he fought in the Satsuma Rebellion, but was wounded in combat in April and promoted to major the same month 
In March 1878, Ogawa was Deputy Chief-of-Staff to the Kumamoto Garrison  He was sent as a military attaché to Beijing from April to July 1880  In February 1881, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and chief of staff of the Osaka Garrison  In March 1882, he was chief of staff of the Hiroshima Garrison  Promoted to colonel in October 1884, he was assigned the IJA 8th Infantry Regiment  In May 1885, he joined the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office  German General Jakob Meckel, hired by the Japanese government as a foreign advisor and instructor in the Imperial Japanese Army Academy highly praised Ogawa and fellow colonel Kodama Gentarō as the two most outstanding officers in the Imperial Japanese Army  Ogawa was especially noted for his abilities as a military strategist and planner, and earned the sobriquet “the modern Kenshin") from General Kawakami Soroku 

First Sino-Japanese War
Ogawa was promoted to major general in June 1890, and given command of the IJA 4th Infantry Brigade, followed by command of the 1st Guards Brigade  At the start of the First Sino-Japanese War in August 1894, he was chief of staff of the Japanese First Army  In August 1895, he was elevated to the kazoku peerage with the title of danshaku (baron)  He commanded the 2nd Guards Brigade from January 1896 and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant general in April 1897, assuming command of the IJA 4th Infantry Division  In May 1903, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures, first class 

Russo-Japanese War
During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Ogawa retained command of the IJA 4th Division under the Japanese Second Army of General Oku Yasukata   The division was in combat at the Battle of Nanshan, Battle of Telissu and Battle of Liaoyang  At the Battle of Liaoyang, Ogawa was injured in combat, and forced to relinquish his command and return to Tokyo  In January 1905, he was promoted to general, but took a medical leave from December 1905  He was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class in 1906   In September 1907 he was elevated to viscount (shishaku) He officially retired in November 
Ogawa died on 20 October 1909 due to peritonitis after being hospitalized for dysentery  His grave is located at Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo, and he also has a grave in his hometown of Kokura 

Decorations
1885 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class  
1895 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class 
1895 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class 
1895 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class 
1903 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure 
1906 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
1906 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class
Passage 8:
Hong Ra-hee
Hong Ra-hee (born 15 July 1945) is a South Korean billionaire businesswoman who is the director of Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art  She is the widow of Lee Kun-hee, who was the richest person in South Korea  She is known as the most powerful art collector in South Korea 

Career
Hong graduated from Seoul National University  She majored in Applied Arts  She is the co-founder of Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art, which she has built with her husband in 2004  Hong's collection includes Lee Ufan, Do-ho Suh, Whanki Kim, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Andy Warhol 
Hong began her career at JoongAng Ilbo Publishing from 1975 to 1980 
She served as a Chairperson of Samsung Arts and Cultural Foundation since 1995 

Family
Her daughters are joint presidents of Samsung C&T Corporation, while her daughter Lee Seo-hyun oversees Samsung's fashion division, and her other daughter Lee Boo-jin oversees the resort division, which included the Everland Resort  Her father Hong Jin-ki was chairman of JoongAng Ilbo, and also an identified Chinilpa  Her brother Hong Seok-hyun is the ex-CEO of JoongAng Media Group  It is now run by Hong Jeongdo, Hong's nephew 
Her ex-daughter-in-law was Lim Se-ryung, the daughter of Daesang Group's chairman Lim Chang-Wook  Lim was married to Hong's son Lee Jae-yong in 1998 and divorced in 2009 
Passage 9:
Harry Smith (athlete)
Harry James Smith (July 30, 1888 – November 20, 1962) was an American long-distance runner  He was most notable for competing in the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm  He was also the father of Hart wrestling family matriarch Helen Hart and the father-in-law of Stu Hart 

Early life
He was born in the Bronx, New York, and was of Irish descent  Smith came from a relatively well off family and had a brother named Frank  Both of them suffered from bipolar disorder His athletic interest began when he was a child  At the age of 12 Smith was playing craps with some friends in an alley when a police officer spotted them and ran after them, attempting to arrest them for illegal gambling  The man caught all of them except Smith  Another day when the officer found Smith, the officer advised him to pursue competitive running 

Career
He competed in the marathon for the United States at the 1912 Summer Olympics  He finished in 17th place  He shared rooms with Jim Thorpe on the way to the Olympics  Smith also ran the Boston Marathon 10 years in a row  He finished 10th at the 1912 event with a time of 2:27:46  He finished in the top three at the 1913 event  Smith also participated in at least three Run for the Diamonds events  Harry came in at third place in both 1911 and 1913  He came first and won in 1912  Smith was USA Outdoor Track & Field Champion 10000 m in 1912, a victory he shared with Hannes Kolehmainen  Later in 1912 Smith won a race called the Union Settlement Road Race and was given a gold medal award, handed to him by congressman Amos Pinchot  He won the Coney Island Derby Race in 1913 Smith refrained from competing in the fall of 1914 due to sore feet  While in training Smith had a diet that had him consume little water and instead eat a lot of vegetables  He was of the belief that a marathon runner should never look behind themself, as this throws off one's timing while running  He made an exception to this however when he once encountered Tom Longboat while in a race and exchanged a glance with him  This later became a story he would tell his five daughters  Smith was a member and Captain of the Pastime Athletic Club  Supposedly Smith was an early underground sports agent  After his athletic career ended he became a sports columnist for The New York Tribune 

Personal life
He was married to a Greek woman named Elizabeth "Ellie" Poulis  Ellie's parents were from the town of Missolonghi, Aetolia-Acarnania  She was born on Ellis Island while her parents were in quarantine and waiting to be granted entry into the United States  Ellie was a dancer and artist in her younger years  Harry and Ellie were the parents of five girls, Helen, Diana, Patricia "Patsy", Elizabeth "Betty" and Joanie Some time during the 1930s he was the victim of a hit-and-run accident which left him with permanent injury on one of his legs, he was bedridden for a long time and walked with a limp for the rest of his life  This left the family in financial troubles  He and his wife helped raise their daughter, Helen Hart's oldest son Smith when she and her husband, Stu, suffered an automobile accident while she was pregnant with their second child, Bruce  His daughter Diana married Jock Osler descendant of Sir William Osler and his daughter Patsy married a man named Jack Forrest, who was the great great grandnephew of Nathan Bedford Forrest 

Legacy
His granddaughter Diana Hart dedicated the fourth chapter, "Roots", in her book Under the Mat to discussing Smith's life  She also named her son Harry  The younger Harry is a professional wrestler 

See also
List of people with bipolar disorder
Passage 10:
Peter Burroughs
Peter Burroughs (born 27 January 1947) is a British television and film actor and the director of Willow Management  He is the father-in-law of actor and TV presenter Warwick Davis 

Early career
Burroughs initially ran a shop in his village at Yaxley, Cambridgeshire 
His first dramatic role was that of the character "Branic" in the 1979 television series The Legend of King Arthur  He also acted in the television shows Dick Turpin, The Goodies, Doctor Who in the serial The King's Demons and One Foot in the Grave 

Film career
Burroughs played roles in Hollywood movies such as Flash Gordon, George Lucas' Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (a swinging ewok), Willow, The Dark Crystal, Labyrinth and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy  In 1995, Burroughs set up Willow Management, an agency for short actors, along with co-actor Warwick Davis  He portrayed a bank goblin in the Harry Potter series (Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2) 

Personal life
His daughter Samantha (born 1971), is married to Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi and Willow film star Warwick Davis  He has another daughter, Hayley Burroughs, who is also an actress  His granddaughter is Annabelle Davis 

Filmography
Context 3: k a  Chocolate Chip Charlie, a junk food mogul who assists Mo with his investigation  Cohen cast Moriarty in It's Alive 3: Island of the Alive (1987)—the third part of the Alive Trilogy—and again in A Return to Salem's Lot (1987), the unofficial sequel of Stephen King's novel and TV miniseries Salem's Lot  Cohen finished the 1980s with Wicked Stepmother (1989), in which the late Bette Davis made her last appearance 

1990s
Cohen began the 1990s with his film The Ambulance (1990) starring Eric Roberts  The film is set in New York City and is focused on Josh Baker (Roberts), an aspiring comic book artist, who investigates a string of disappearances: people who are picked up by a mysterious ambulance that never reaches the city hospital  The Ambulance features cameos by Stan Lee, Larry Hama and Jim Salicrup of Marvel Comics  He would direct only two other films during the 1990s, one being the Blaxploitation film Original Gangstas (1996), featuring Jim Brown, Pam Grier, and Fred Williamson  For most of the decade, Cohen concentrated on writing  He penned the remainder of the William Lustig Maniac Cop Trilogy – he had previously scripted Maniac Cop in 1988 – that features Robert Z'Dar as undead Maniac Cop, Matt Cordell, and B-Movie horror actor Bruce Campbell  He then provided the story of the third adaptation of Jack Finney's 1955 science-fiction novel The Body Snatchers, a tale of alien invasion and paranoia: Body Snatchers was directed by Abel Ferrara and starred Forest Whitaker  Throughout the decade Cohen was further involved in various TV projects including NYPD Blue and the Ed McBain-inspired 87th Precinct: Heatwave 

2000s
Cohen's output after the 1990s was less prolific and concentrated solely on scriptwriting, except for a brief return to directing with the Masters of Horror episode "Pick Me Up" (2006)  His first project, Phone Booth (2002), became involved in a Hollywood bidding war, the script eventually ending up in the hands of Joel Schumacher  Phone Booth was a commercial success with an estimated budget of $13 million and a worldwide gross of $98 million  The film starred Colin Farrell, Katie Holmes, Kiefer Sutherland, and Forest Whitaker; it was produced by David Zucker 
His next film, another action-crime thriller titled Cellular (2004), also featured phones and, like Phone Booth, it was a modest commercial success with an estimated budget of $25 million and a gross worldwide return of $50 million  Cellular starred Kim Basinger, Chris Evans, William H  Macy, and Jason Statham  Cellular was later re-made as Connected (2008), Cohen being credited with the story  He then scripted the horror-thriller films Captivity (2007) and Messages Deleted (2009); however, both films fared poorly on a critical and commercial level  Cohen nevertheless received acclaim for the above-mentioned Pick Me Up, which he directed for the Mick Garris TV series Masters of Horror (2006)  The episode was written by splatterpunk-horror author David Schow, and starred Cohen regular Michael Moriarty 

In 2003, Cohen, together with production partner Martin Poll, was at the center of a lawsuit against 20th Century Fox, claiming the company had intentionally plagiarized a script of theirs titled Cast of Characters in order to create the Sean Connery-starring League of Extraordinary Gentlemen in 2003  According to the BBC, the lawsuit alleged 'that Mr  Cohen and Mr  Poll pitched the idea to Fox several times between 1993 and 1996, under the name Cast of Characters ' The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen was an adaptation of the 1999 published comic book series by Alan Moore and artist Kevin O'Neill In 2006, Cohen was included in the Masters of Horror TV anthology, which also included – but was not limited to – writers and directors as diverse as Dario Argento, Clive Barker, John Carpenter, Richard Chizmar, Don Coscarelli, Wes Craven, David Cronenberg, Joe Dante, Guillermo del Toro, Ernest Dickerson, Stuart Gordon, James Gunn, Sam Hamm, Tom Holland, Tobe Hooper, Lloyd Kaufman, Mary Lambert, John Landis, Joe R  Lansdale, Bentley Little, H P  Lovecraft, Joe Lynch, William Lustig, Peter Medak, Lucky McKee, Kat O' Shea, Robert Rodriguez, Eli Roth, David Schow, and Tim Sullivan  It was created by Mick Garris for the Showtime cable network  Cohen's contribution was the segment Pick Me Up, based on a short story by David Schow, who also wrote the teleplay  It stars Fairuza Balk and Cohen regulars Laurene Landon and Michael Moriarty  Pick Me Up is the story of woman traveling on a bus that has broken down along a stretch of lonely two-lane blacktop  Enter two serial killers: Wheeler (Moriarty), a driver who picks up hitchhikers with the sole intent of killing them – and – Walker (Warren Kole), a hitchhiker who accepts lifts in order to find his victims  The two killers pair up and inventively murder all the passengers on the bus, save for Stacia (Balk), who has since gone her own way  Stacia eventually winds up in the middle of a serial killer turf war, a war over which killer will get her first  Pick Me Up signaled a brief return to the director's chair for Cohen 
Josef Rusnak remade Cohen's It's Alive in 2009  Still awaiting a score on Rotten Tomatoes, the existing reviews are also very poor  Even Cohen admitted that the remake was dreadful and states: 'It's a terrible picture  It's just beyond awful'  Cohen offered his 1974 script but remarks that it was completely ignored: "I would advise anybody who likes my film to cross the street and avoid seeing the new enchilada "

Personal life
Cohen was married twice: to Janelle Webb, until their divorce in 1980; and then to Cynthia Costas, from 1994 until his death  He had two daughters  His sister Ronni Chasen was murdered on November 16, 2010 in a drive-by shooting in Beverly HIlls 

Death
On March 23, 2019, Cohen died from cancer at his home in Beverly Hills, California, at age 82 

Critical response
Critical response to Cohen's work has been extremely varied, with reviews ranging from good to poor 

The Stuff
Cohen's science fiction horror film and satirical social commentary The Stuff (1985) garnered mixed reviews, often being compared to Jack Finney's The Body Snatchers novel and the 1958 film The Blob  It has a moderate fresh rating of 63% on Rotten Tomatoes  The Apollo Movie Guide remarks that The Stuff works on a purely visceral level, and that it further achieves a tongue-in-cheek social parody of a society that cannot help buying into the latest craze  Although Apollo praised the juxtaposition of Cohen's clever screenplay and Michael Moriarty's performance, it states that the film is not a classic  It does, however, award the film a modest Apollo Rating of 77/100  The Chicago Sun-Times, on the other hand, sees The Stuff as a widely ambitious movie that fails mainly due to distracting glitches and a lack of plausibility, specifically, "What we have here are a lot of nice touches in search of a movie " Chicago Sun-Times rating: 1 1/2 stars out of 5  Bloody Disgusting nevertheless awarded The Stuff 3 stars out of 5, pointing out both the good and the bad, "[I]t's smart, it's relevant and it has some bad acting  [It should be] enjoyed for all the wrong and some of the right reasons that it is not just a horror movie, but a very honest and important movie as well "

Q: The Winged Serpent
His fantasy horror Q a k a  Q: The Winged Serpent (1982) has a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 61%  TV Guide praise Cohen for his intelligence, creativity and originality and further comment that '[Cohen] successfully combines a film noir crime story with a good old-fashioned giant monster movie' and that 'Michael Moriarty turns in a brilliant performance as Jimmy Quinn [   ]'  Horror author and movie critic, Kim Newman, praises Cohen's plot originality and canny use of characters in Empire, pointing out the director's use of an oddball as lead – Jimmy Quinn – who would ordinarily be a secondary character or warrant solely a cameo appearance; Newman also explains how Cohen has relegated all the usual plot devices – in movies such as King Kong – to the background  Alternatively, the Chicago Reader, although viewing Cohen's monster movie as 'cheesy' and 'fun', ultimately condemns the movie as being 'curiously disengaged and sloppy'  The New York Times, following the film's opening day at the Rivoli Theater, had just 'a few words – only a very few – about Q, offering a brief neutral synopsis and a couple of quotes  Variety are more favourable, focusing on Cohen's 'wild' and 'bizarre' – albeit realistic – efforts: Q has great fun mixing realistic settings with political satire and a wild yarn'  They go on to say that the film belongs to both Moriarty and the Monster 

It's Alive
It's Alive, the first part of Cohen's horror trilogy featuring a mutated baby that kills its prey when trapped or frightened, holds a rating of 67% on Rotten Tomatoes, one of the highest ratings for his films  Focusing on the social context of the film at the time, The Film Journal points out that It's Alive "carries a potent mix of both suspense and social critique [   ] [i]nvoking such taboo subjects as abortion as early as 1974 " As well as being apt at providing 'suspense,' The Film Journal acknowledges Cohen's ability "to impart an intelligent nature to his otherwise pulpy horror films " Black Hole magazine opines that despite a lack of A-List actors and special effects, It's Alive still manages to maintain the viewer's interest due to Cohen's "unique horror concept and a script rich in ideas " Black Hole nevertheless points out that "[w]hile the drama is consistent, it's less successful as a seventies monster movie, and especially lacking now " Whereas Jaws (1975) revealed the shark slowly, Cohen's film "barely ever shows us the goods " The magazine does agree, however, that It's Alive was "a sufficiently powerful monster movie and [that] audiences wanted more " Filmcritic draws attention to the humour element, especially the scenes where the Baby-Monster is rustling in the bushes, unseen, comparing it to the scene in Basket Case (1982) when that film's Baby-Monster is stuffed into a garbage sack after being cut away from its human twin  Basket Case is indeed a part of another – later – Baby-Monster horror trilogy  In short, Filmcritic says that Cohen's film should not be confused with art; and yet, it is "pretty scary stuff" that "manages a few neat tricks "

God Told Me To
God Told Me To a k a  Demon (1976), Cohen's science fiction thriller, has a rating of 75% on Rotten Tomatoes, making it Cohen's most successful directorial effort, critically  The film, in which a number of New York citizens embark on a killing spree because God Told Them To, is called "one of his most ambitious movies" that is "cemented in an interesting idea" by QNetwork Entertainment, who find Cohen's ideology of the existence of God interesting: "cynical at best" and "sacrilegious at worst " The magazine continues, however, to comment on Cohen's lack of patience and drive when completing his movies, regarding the end products as being "hastily thrown-together" and "a mosaic of scenes, rather than a satisfying whole " In conclusion QNetwork give the film an even 2 1/2 stars for being the "clumsiest and most entertaining schlock of the last 20 years " CinePassion online magazine simply states: "[a] work of genius, in other words, possibly the Cohen joint that brims with the most all-pervasive invention and danger, as radical a Seventies 'incoherent text' as Taxi Driver and a clear linchpin of The X-Files " The Chicago Sun-Times sees Cohen's incoherent text in a different light, likening the film to a cinematic version of the card game 52 Pickup: "the movie does achieve greatness in another way: this is the most confused feature-length film [   ] ever seen " But Time Out applauded Cohen for offering "the perfect existential anti-hero" in New York cop, Lo Bianco, in a film that "overflows with such perverse and subversive notions that no amount of shoddy editing and substandard camerawork can conceal [its] unusual qualities" and that by "[d]igging deep into the psyche of American manhood, it lays bare the guilt-ridden oppressions of a soulless society "

Filmography
Film
Acting roles
Television
TV movies

TV series

Notes
Passage 4:
Hassan Zee
Hassan "Doctor" Zee is a Pakistani-American film director who was born in Chakwal, Pakistan 

Early life
Doctor Zee grew up in Chakwal, a small village in Punjab, Pakistan  as one of seven brothers and sisters  His father was in the military and this fact required the family to move often to different cities  As a child Zee was forbidden from watching cinema because his father believed movies were a bad influence on children 
At age 13, Doctor Zee got his start in the world of entertainment at Radio Pakistan where he wrote and produced radio dramas and musical programs   It was then that he realized his passion for storytelling At the age of 26, Doctor Zee earned his medical doctorate degree and did his residency in a burn unit at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences  He cared for women who were victims of  "Bride Burning," the archaic practice used as a form of punishment against women who fail to provide sufficient dowry to their in-laws after marriage or fail to provide offspring   He also witnessed how his country’s transgender and intersex people, called “hijras”, were banned from having jobs and forced to beg to survive  These experiences inspired Doctor Zee to tackle the issues of women’s empowerment and gender inequality in his films In 1999, he came to San Francisco to pursue his dream of filmmaking and made San Francisco his home

Education
He received his early education from Jinnah Public School, Chakwal  He got his medical doctor degree at Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan 

Film career
Doctor Zee's first film titled Night of Henna was released in 2005  The theme of the film dealt with "the conflict between Old World immigrant customs and modern Western ways   " Night of Henna focused on the problems of Pakistani expatriates who found it hard to adjust in American culture  Many often landed themselves in trouble when it came to marrying off their children 
His second film Bicycle Bride came out in 2010, which was about "the clash between the bonds of family and the weight of tradition " His third film House of Temptation that came out in 2014 was about a family which struggles against the temptations of the Devil  His fourth film “Good Morning Pakistan”, concerned a young American’s journey back to Pakistan where he confronts the contradictory nature of a beautiful and ancient culture that's marred by economic, educational and gender inequality His upcoming fifth film, "Ghost in San Francisco" is a supernatural thriller starring Felissa Rose, Dave Sheridan, and Kyle Lowder where a soldier comes home from Afghanistan to discover that his wife is having an affair with his best friend  While battling with his inner ghosts and demons, he meets a mysterious woman in San Francisco who promises him a ritual for his cure 
Passage 5:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 6:
Edvīns Šnore
Edvīns Šnore (born 21 March 1974, in Saulkrasti) is a Latvian film director and politician  He was elected to a four-year term in the Latvian Saeima in 2014 and 2018



ground_truth: Lee Byung-chul

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who was born first, Hell Up In Harlem or The Soviet Story?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Šnore's family comes from Kuldīga  He went to high school in Riga  During the Revolutions of 1989 he sympathized with the Popular Front of Latvia  He first studied political science in Norway, and then earned his master's degree at the University of Latvia  In 2013 he completed his  Doctoral thesis on the Western European view of Holodomor Šnore has become known for his 2008 documentary The Soviet Story  For this film, he was awarded with the Latvian Order of the Three Stars in 2008, and the Estonian Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana in 2009  In 2016 Šnore released another documentary called The Unknown War: Baltic Resistance on the guerrilla war in the Baltic states 

Views
In his article "The goal: A Latvian Latvia", E  Šnore expressed his views about the Russians in Latvia, as well as the Russian language as such  According to him, "… the Russophone immigrants of the Soviet times disparage and rail at Latvia all the time, yet still do not leave it  At least, not at the rate desired by the Latvians"  He also refers to Minister of Social Affairs of Latvia Alfreds Bērziņš saying "… the Russian louse, once let into a coat, is hard to get rid of" and Paul A  Goble that "…the Russian language is exactly the primary weapon of the Kremlin's hybrid war against the Baltic States"  E  Šnore concludes that "… the Latvian Latvia <…> is the only way towards a prosperous, safe and united Latvia" 
Mr Šnore was reprimanded by the parliamentary ethics commission - with the mildest possible punishment, an oral warning  The article and the mild reaction to it have drawn criticism from two Council of Europe bodies - the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance and the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 
Passage 7:
Hell Up in Harlem
Hell Up in Harlem is a 1973 blaxploitation American neo-noir film, starring Fred Williamson and Gloria Hendry  Written and directed by Larry Cohen, it is a sequel to the film Black Caesar 
The film's soundtrack was recorded by Edwin Starr and released by Motown Records in January 1974 

Plot
Having survived the assassination attempt at the end of Black Caesar, Tommy Gibbs takes on corrupt New York District Attorney DiAngelo, who had sought to jail Gibbs and his father, Papa Gibbs, in order to monopolize the illicit drug trade  Gibbs decides to eliminate drug pushing from the streets of Harlem, while continuing to carry out his other illicit enterprises  Gibbs falls in love with Sister Jennifer (Margaret Avery), a woman who works with Reverend Rufus, a former pimp who has found a religious calling 
Gibbs and his father have a falling out after Gibbs is told by his enforcer, Zach, that his father ordered the death of Gibbs' ex-wife, Helen  Gibbs and Jennifer move to Los Angeles, leaving Papa Gibbs in charge of the Harlem territory  It is later revealed that Zach himself killed Helen as part of a move to take over the territory, with the assistance of DiAngelo  Gibbs defeats hit men sent to take him out in Los Angeles, while Papa dies from a heart attack while fighting Zach 
Knowing that DiAngelo will be having the New York airports and roads watched, Gibbs flies in to Philadelphia, and then enters New York City on foot in order to carry out a personal war against Zach and DiAngelo 

Cast
Fred Williamson as Tommy Gibbs
Julius Harris as Papa Gibbs
Gloria Hendry as Helen Bradley-Washington
Margaret Avery as Sister Jennifer
D'Urville Martin as Reverend Rufus
Tony King as Zach
Gerald Gordon as DiAngelo
Bobby Ramsen as Joe Frankfurter
James Dixon as "Irish" Bryant
Esther Sutherland as The Cook
Charles MacGuire as Charles MacGregor

Release on DVD & HD
In 2001 it was released on DVD 
In 2010 it was digitized in High Definition (1080i) and broadcast on MGMHD 

See also
List of American films of 1973
Passage 8:
Gloria Hendry
Gloria Hendry (born March 3, 1949) is an American actress and former model  Hendry is best known for her roles in films from the 1970s, most notably: portraying Rosie Carver in 1973's James Bond film Live and Let Die; and Helen Bradley in the blaxploitation film Black Caesar, and the sequel, Hell Up in Harlem 

Biography
Early life and education
Born in Jacksonville or Winter Haven, Florida (sources differ), Hendry was the older of two daughters  Hendry's family, which consisted of her mother and sister relocated to Newark, New Jersey to live with her grandparents during her early childhood  Hendry studied at Essex College of Business for Law 

Career
Hendry worked as a Playboy Bunny at the New York Playboy Club from 1965 until 1972  In 1968, Hendry received her first acting role in Sidney Poitier's film For Love of Ivy, followed by a small role in the 1970 film The Landlord  In 1973, Hendry portrayed the Bond girl Rosie Carver in the James Bond film Live and Let Die  In that film, she became the first African American woman to become romantically involved with 007; Trina Parks, who played a nemesis to Bond rather than a love interest in Diamonds Are Forever (the previous Bond film) is considered to be the first Black Bond girl Hendry later starred in several 1970s blaxploitation films, including Across 110th Street (1972), Slaughter's Big Rip-Off (1973), and both the 1973 films Black Caesar and its sequel Hell Up in Harlem  She also portrayed the martial arts expert, Sydney, in Black Belt Jones (1974), and appeared in Savage Sisters (1974) and Bare Knuckles (1977)  Her later films included the horror film Pumpkinhead II: Blood Wings (1994) and the action comedy Freaky Deaky (2012) 

Filmography
Film
Passage 9:
The Soviet Story
The Soviet Story is a 2008 documentary film about Soviet Communism and Soviet–German relations before 1941 and after, written and directed by Edvīns Šnore, and sponsored by the right-wing Union for Europe of the Nations group in the European Parliament  The film features interviews with Western and Russian historians such as Norman Davies and Boris Vadimovich Sokolov, the Russian writer Viktor Suvorov, the Soviet dissident Vladimir Bukovsky, members of the European Parliament, and participants and survivors of the Soviet terror  Sokolov later emphasized that he simply offered expert advice and told Šnore that some of the things he claimed were based on obvious falsifications Using those interviews, together with historical footage and documents, the film documentary argues that there were close philosophical, political and organisational connections between the Nazi and the Soviet systems  It highlights the Great Purge, the Holodomor, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Katyn massacre, the Gestapo–NKVD collaboration, forced population transfer in the Soviet Union, and the medical experiments in the gulags  The documentary goes on to argue that the successor states to Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union differ in the sense that postwar Germany condemns the actions of Nazi Germany, but the opinion in contemporary Russia is summarised by a quote from Vladimir Putin: "One needs to acknowledge that the collapse of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century " In the closing credits of the film, it is stated: "The Soviet Union killed more than 20,000,000 men, women and children  This film is dedicated to them "

Analysis and memory
The documentary film, commissioned by the national-conservative and right-wing Union for Europe of the Nations group in the European Parliament, compared the atrocities of the two regimes  In the documentary, producer and director Edvīns Šnore argued that "not only were the crimes of the former inspired by the crimes of the latter, but that they helped each other, and that without their mutual assistance the outcome of World War II could have been quite different " In Latvia the forced Soviet deportations are commonly seen as a genocidal practice  The European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism, proclaimed by the European Parliament in August 2008 and endorsed by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in July 2009; it is officially known as the Black Ribbon Day in some countries, including Canada  Among many scholars in Western Europe, the comparison of the two totalitarian regimes and the equation of their crimes has been and still is widely rejected According to Mārtiņš Kaprāns, a communication science expert and researcher at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia, "[s]cholars have argued that The Soviet Story is an effective Latvian response to Russian propaganda, but it also exemplifies the broader problems of post-communist memory politics " Kaprāns writes that "the idea of how memory work triggered by the documentary got started on social networking sites" and on "the video-sharing website YouTube and the Internet encyclopedia Wikipedia, both of which are crucial meaning-making sites with respect to history " According to Kaprāns, his memory studies article "demonstrates transnational memory work in YouTube and Wikipedia as a multidirectional enterprise that both reinforces and emancipates existing hegemonic representations of controversial past "

Reactions
Positive
Various Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) who were interviewed for the film have expressed views in favour of it  According to the Latvian MEPs Inese Vaidere and Ģirts Valdis Kristovskis, writing in The Parliament Magazine, "The Soviet Story makes a significant contribution to the establishment of a common understanding of history and brings us closer to the truth about the tragic events of the 20th century  A common understanding of history among the member states is crucial for the future of the whole EU " Both Vaidere and Kristovskis represent the Union for Europe of the Nations group which actively supported the production of the film After watching the film, Finnish MEP Ari Vatanen opined: "It is a powerful message  Thank you for telling the truth  It will awaken people " After the premiere in the European parliament, Vatanen stated: "We cannot build a humanity if we close our eyes to this kind of massacres  Our possibility is to serve justice to those people " British MEP Christopher Beazley commented: "This film is very important  It's a very powerful representation of what took place in Poland, in Latvia and the other Central European countries "Vytautas Landsbergis, MEP and the former head of the Seimas, assessed The Soviet Story as "a world class film, which should be shown to the world", while Latvia's Minister of Justice Gaidis Bērziņš from For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK stated that he would encourage the Ministry of Education to have the film shown in all schools in Latvia because of its important historical message 

Negative
A number of critics condemned the film even before its premiere  Boris Tsilevitch, a Latvian member of the Saeima representing Harmony Centre, stated that it was a "typical propaganda" and its release was timed to coincide with the 2009 European Parliament election in Latvia  MEP from Latvia Tatjana Ždanoka, who opposed Latvia's independence from the Soviet Union and ran as a candidate of the largest Russian political bloc in Latvia, regards the film as a "propagandistic odd job, which is given out to be "a new word in history", while also expressing her belief that "the second part of the film is pure political PR" because the first part of the film pictures the point of view of some historians and contemporary politicians criticize modern Russia in the end of the film  Ždanoka also stated that "a lot of attention was devoted to the partnership of the German and Russian military  This is followed by a jump forward in time to the 1940s, with a mass-meeting of Vlasovites is shown against a background of swastika "The film prompted negative reactions from Russian organizations, press, and politicians  According to the "European Voice" newspaper, Russians are infuriated by the film which reveals the extent of Nazi and Soviet collaboration  On 17 May 2008, the Russian pro-governmental youth organization Young Russia (Russian: Россия Молодая) organized the protest "Let's not allow the rewriting of history!" (Russian: Не дадим переписать историю!, romanized: Ne dadim perepisat' istoriyu!) in front of the Embassy of Latvia in Moscow  An effigy representing Edvīns Šnore was burnt during the protest  Alexander Reshideovich Dyukov, a former member of the Russian ARMS-TASS Agency of Military and Technical Information, has been the most vocal critic of the documentary  He was quoted as saying: "After watching two thirds of the film, I had only one wish: to kill its director and to burn down the Latvian Embassy " As a result of Dyukov's statements, a criminal investigation was initiated against him in Latvia  Asked to comment on the case, Latvian Foreign Minister Māris Riekstiņš commented that Dyukov might be a "mentally unstable personality", while Prime Minister of Estonia Mart Laar called Dyukov "an officer of FSB", Russia's principal security agency Russian State Duma Deputy Irina Yarovaya, the coordinator of the ruling party United Russia's State Patriotic Club and a member of the Presidium of the General Council, declared that the film "glorifies Estonian Nazi collaborators, those who killed people in Khatyn and in Pskov region " In response to Yarovaya's statement which apparently confuses Katyn with Khatyn, Estonian politician and historian Mart Laar wrote: "It is indeed impressive how much wrong can be put into one sentence  First, Estonians did not kill anyone in Khatyn and, secondly, the specific crime committed in Khatyn is not mentioned in the film at all      This gives the impression that Yarovaya, actually, has not seen the film "

Reception
The film has attracted both praise and criticism from political commentators  The Economist praised it as "a sharply provocative work", and stated that "Soviet Story is the most powerful antidote yet to the sanitisation of the past  The film is gripping, audacious and uncompromising      The main aim of the film is to show the close connections—philosophical, political and organisational—between the Nazi and Soviet systems " For The New York Times, Neil Genzlinger wrote: "The filmmaking in The Soviet Story is so overwrought that at times the movie comes across as comical      The film is not dispassionate scholarship; Mr  Snore, who is Latvian, and his backers (including some members of the European Parliament) obviously have an agenda, though to the casual American viewer it may not be clear what it is "Latvian political scientist and cultural commentator Ivars Ijabs offered a negative review of The Soviet Story, describing it as a well-made and "effective piece of cinematic propaganda in the good sense of this word", whose message is clearly presented to the audience  Ijabs does not agree with a number of historical interpretations in the film, asserting that it contains errors  In one example, Ijabs states: "In late 1930s Hitler did not yet plan a systematic genocide against the Jews [as it is suggested in the film]  Everybody knows that this decision was made in 1942 at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin " Ijabs also disagreed with the contention in the film by the British literary historian, liberal, and former political activist George Watson that Friedrich Engels is "the ancestor of the modern political genocide " Further,  Ijabs refuted the film’s criticism of Karl Marx as being the 'progenitor of modern genocide', although he acknowledged the use of the term Völkerabfälle in Karl Marx's newspaper Boris Vadimovich Sokolov, one of the historians interviewed in the film, was quoted as saying: "I had only been an expert there and I can only answer for what I am saying there myself  I had told to Šnore that some of his narratives are obvious forgeries he was tricked by  For example, Beria—Müller agreement on killing Jews together "In Lauren Wissot's review for Slant Magazine, "Soviet Story does a thorough job of laying out what happened, but its dull, educational-style format doesn't guide us to the next step of why we should care " In his Time Out review, Joshua Rothkopf stated: "An offensively schlocky treatment of an important subject, The Soviet Story turns Stalin's systematic starvation and slaughter of millions into a hopped-up horror flick "

Film festivals and awards
The Soviet Story has been screened in the following film festivals:

2008 Boston Film Festival – Boston, Massachusetts; received the "Mass Impact Award"
2008 KinoLev Film Festival – Lviv, Ukraine
2008 Black Nights Film Festival – Tallinn, Estonia
2008 Arsenals Film Festival – Riga, Latvia
2008 Promitey Film Festival – Tbilisi, Georgia
2008 Baltic Film Festival – Berlin, Germany
2009 Sedona International Film Festival – Sedona, Arizona
2009 Mene Tekel festival – Prague, Czech Republic
2009 Politicsonfilm Film Festival – Washington, D C 
2011 Free Minds Film Festival – Colorado Springs, Colorado
2012 Free Minds Film Festival – Colorado Springs, ColoradoIn 2008, the president of Latvia, Valdis Zatlers awarded the director Edvīns Šnore with the Order of the Three Stars  In 2009, the film was nominated for the biannual Latvian National Film Award Lielais Kristaps in the "Best Documentary" category  In the same year, Šnore received the Estonian Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana for creating The Soviet Story 

See also
Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism

Notes
Passage 10:
Henry Moore (cricketer)
Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand 

Life and family
Henry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849  He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch  One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted  Their great 
grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805  One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch  He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son  In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 



ground_truth: Hell Up In Harlem