prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did the performer of song I'Ll Say It graduate from?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
I'll Say It
"I'll Say It" is a song written by American musician Adam Schlesinger and recorded by comedian Kathy Griffin, released as the theme song for her show, Kathy  It was additionally used as the introduction music to her 2012 comedy special "Kennedie Center on Hers" and continued to be used in future specials  On August 20, 2012, Griffin released a seven track EP containing dance remixes of "I'll Say It" 

Music video
The music video begins in the day with Kathy Griffin in her house preparing her make-up  It shows her daily routine visiting her dogs, leaving the house and driving to a theater, ending with her on stage in her signature pose  The scenes are interlaced with various clips of Los Angeles, California 

Charts
Passage 2:
Kathy Griffin
Kathleen Mary Griffin (born November 4, 1960) is an American comedian and actress who has starred in television comedy specials and has released comedy albums  In 2007 and 2008, Griffin won Primetime Emmy Awards for her reality show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List  She has also appeared in supporting roles in films 
Griffin was born in Oak Park, Illinois  In 1978, she moved to Los Angeles, where she studied drama at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute and became a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings  In the 1990s, Griffin began performing as a stand-up comedian and appeared as a guest star on television shows, including a supporting role on the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan (1996–2000) 
The Bravo reality show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List (2005–2010) became a ratings hit for the network and earned her two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Reality Program  Griffin has released six comedy albums, all of which received Grammy Award nominations  Her first album For Your Consideration (2008) made her the first female comedian to debut at the top of the Billboard Top Comedy Albums chart  In 2009, she released her autobiography Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin  After being nominated for six years in a row for the Grammy for Best Comedy Album, she won the award in 2014 
Griffin has recorded numerous standup comedy specials for HBO and Bravo  For the latter network, she has recorded sixteen television specials, breaking the Guinness World record for the number of aired television specials on any network  In 2011, she also became the first comedian to have four specials televised in a year  Griffin is an LGBTQ activist who supports same-sex marriage and the repeal of "Don't ask, don't tell"  She has participated in two United Service Organizations (USO) tours  Griffin is known for her conversational style and statements about celebrities, religion and sexuality, including holding a mask stylized as Donald Trump's severed head in 2017, which provoked a United States Secret Service investigation and later became the basis of her concert film A Hell of a Story (2019) 

Early life
Kathleen Mary Griffin was born on November 4, 1960, in the Chicago suburb Oak Park, Illinois, to Mary Margaret "Maggie" Griffin (née Corbally, 1920 – 2020) and John Patrick Griffin (1916 – 2007), both of whom were first-generation Irish-Americans  Kathy Griffin has four older siblings; Kenny (died in the 2000s), Joyce (died 2017), Gary (died 2014), and John  Griffin described herself during her early years as "a kid who needed to talk, all the time"  Her brother Gary and her sister Joyce both died from cancer She would often visit her neighbors to tell them stories about her family; she has referred to those visits as her first live shows where she learned "the power of juicy material"  After most of her siblings had moved, Griffin developed a binge eating disorder  In her 2009 autobiography Official Book Club Selection, Griffin said she "still suffers [from food issues]" but has learned to "deal with them" Griffin's eldest brother Kenny was a drug addict and homeless at various times; she said she was "afraid of him until the moment he died" because of his violent, abusive nature  When Kathy was seven, Kenny—who was thirty—would climb into her bed and whisper into her ears; Kathy did not tell her parents until she was in her twenties, at which point he admitted his pedophilia to them At elementary school, Griffin began to develop a dislike for organized religion because of the punishments she and other "vulnerable" students received from the nuns  At her high school, she sought refuge in musical theater, playing roles such as Rosemary in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying and Hodel in Fiddler on the Roof  During her senior year, she wanted to become a professional actor  Her first appearance on television was as an extra on a Chicago White Sox commercial, and she was signed with several Chicago talent agencies  At 18, Griffin persuaded her parents to move to Los Angeles to help her become famous At 19, Griffin attended a performance by the improvisational group The Groundlings  She said, "I thought this is where I want to be  This is the greatest thing in the world "

Career
Stand-up comedy, television and film
Griffin began performing in the early 1990s in the Los Angeles improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings  She went on to perform standup comedy and became part of the alternative comedy scene in Los Angeles  With Janeane Garofalo, she created a standup act called "Hot Cup of Talk", which became the title of her 1998 solo HBO special  Griffin earned a number of television and film credits during the 1990s  She appeared in Julie Brown's Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful, a Showtime parody of the 1991 Madonna film Truth or Dare  Griffin twice appeared as Susan Klein, a reporter on NBC's The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air; it was her television sitcom debut On June 12, 2008, Griffin hosted the first Bravo! Canada A-List Awards, which included a parody of  the "wardrobe malfunction"  experienced by Janet Jackson in the Super Bowl halftime show in 2004  She also hosted the 2009 Bravo A-List Awards, which aired on April 15, 2009, and her Bravo special Kathy Griffin: She'll Cut a Bitch aired beforehand  Shout! Factory released an extended version of the show on DVD in early 2010 On September 8, 2009, Ballantine Books published Griffin's memoir, titled Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin, which debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list  A week prior, she released her second comedy album Suckin' It for the Holidays; it was her second bid to win a Grammy Award  It was announced on November 3, 2009, that Griffin was to host ABC's new show Let's Dance, on which celebrity contestants would have re-enacted famous dance routines while competing for a $250,000 grand prize for their favorite charity Griffin hosted CNN's New Year's Eve broadcast on December 31, 2009, along with Anderson Cooper  As Cooper talked about the Balloon boy hoax, Griffin said "fucking"  Although Griffin was rumored to have been banned from future CNN broadcasts, she co-hosted the show with Cooper until 2017  In 2017, CNN terminated Griffin from its New Year's Eve Broadcast after Griffin showed pictures of herself holding a bloody, model decapitated head resembling President Donald Trump  Griffin has also guest-starred in a 2009 episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, playing a lesbian activist Since the 2008 presidential election, Griffin has made frequent jokes about Republican vice-presidential contender Sarah Palin and her family  On US television program Glee, Griffin parodied Palin posing as a judge at a regional singing competition  Griffin also made fun of Christine O'Donnell in the show by stating, "Before we start, I would like to say I am not a witch" On January 7, 2012, it was announced that Griffin would host a weekly one-hour talk show on the channel Kathy, which would consist of standup routines, "rant about pop culture", and celebrity interviews  On April 8, 2013, during a live standup performance in Cincinnati, Ohio, Griffin announced that her show would not be renewed for a third season  She later confirmed it on her Twitter account  According to FOX 411, Bravo was planning to film several comedy specials starring Griffin after the show ended On June 13, 2014, it was announced that Griffin would host the 41st Daytime Emmy Awards  For the first time in the event's four-decade history, the show bypassed a network television airing for a live online streaming media event  The ceremony took place on June 22, 2014  Griffin's performance was well received by critics 

Guest co-host of The View
Kathy Griffin served as a co-host of The View from May 2007 to September 2007, replacing the recently departed Rosie O'Donnell  According to Griffin she is banned from The View after talking about the show on her televised comedy special, Kathy Griffin: Straight to Hell 
She declined to discuss the ban on Access Hollywood As of August 2009, Griffin had been un-banned from The View and was a guest on September 18, 2009, and June 15, 2010  In an interview on The Talk, Griffin stated she has been re-banned from The View due to an argument with its co-host Elisabeth Hasselbeck 

Laugh Your Head Off World Tour 2017–2018
In August 2017, Griffin announced a worldwide comedy tour  The title "Laugh Your Head Off" was a reference to her depiction of an effigy of U S  President Donald Trump's severed head  The tour visited major cities in Singapore, Australia, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and many more European, and Asian cities  Several shows sold out within minutes of going on sale, leading to Griffin adding several shows to the lineup  She continued with a North America leg of the tour, commencing May 23, 2018, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and including both Radio City Music Hall and Carnegie Hall in New York City 

Controversies
Various talk shows bans
Griffin said she was banned from appearing on several television shows including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The View  She was re-banned from The View after making a joke about Barbara Walters  She says Ellen's producers told her they cannot have her "trashing celebrities" but she appeared as a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on September 11, 2007  Griffin made a joke during a 2005 E! televised event saying eleven-year-old actor Dakota Fanning had entered drug rehabilitation 

Emmy Awards controversy
The second season of My Life on the D-List, which premiered June 2006, earned Griffin the 2007 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Program, non-competition  She received it during the Creative Arts Emmy Awards, which was hosted by Carlos Mencia and aired on E! in September  Griffin said,

Now, a lot of people come up here and thank Jesus for this award  I want you to know that no one had less to do with this award than Jesus  He didn't help me a bit  If it was up to him, Cesar Millan would be up here with that damn dog  So all I can say is suck it, Jesus, this award is my God now!
Griffin later said she meant this remark as a satire of celebrities who thank Jesus for their awards, especially artists who are controversial in their speech and actions, rather than as a slight on Jesus  The academy said her "offensive remarks will not be part of the E! telecast on Saturday night"  Griffin said she was fired from an appearance on Hannah Montana because of her Emmy acceptance speech 

Ban from Apollo Theater
In a July 2009 episode of My Life on the D-List, Griffin used profanity in an Octomom joke during her routine at New York's Apollo Theater  Griffin said she received a letter banning her from the venue 

Depiction of Donald Trump
On May 30, 2017, Griffin posted a video of herself holding "a mask styled to look like the severed, bloody head" of then U S  President Donald Trump, in an obvious parody of the classical myth of Perseus and Medusa  It was posted on her Instagram and Twitter accounts  She wrote: "I caption this 'there was blood coming out of his eyes, blood coming out of his     wherever'", referencing a comment Trump had made about Megyn Kelly  The video was from a session with photographer Tyler Shields, who is known for producing "shocking" imagery  Griffin later took down the image and apologized for posting the image, saying she went too far and adding, "I beg for your forgiveness" On June 2, 2017, an attorney for Griffin, Lisa Bloom, stated, "Like many edgy works of artistic expression, the photo could be interpreted different ways  But Griffin never imagined that it could be misinterpreted as a threat of violence against Trump  That was never what she intended  She has never threatened or committed an act of violence against anyone " Griffin said the Trump family was "trying to ruin my life forever" In May 2017, Griffin was dropped by Squatty Potty as a spokesperson  CNN fired her from its New Year's Eve broadcast with Anderson Cooper  Cooper said, "For the record, I am appalled by the photo shoot Kathy Griffin took part in  It is clearly disgusting and completely inappropriate " All of Griffin's remaining scheduled tour dates were canceled by their venues  During an interview on Australian television in August 2017, Griffin talked about the photo, saying, "Stop acting like my little picture is more important than talking about the actual atrocities that the president of the United States is committing"  In November 2017, she appeared on Skavlan, where she said, "I take that apology back by the way  I take it back big time"  Griffin said she had received a lot of bad advice at the time On October 28, 2017, Griffin uploaded a YouTube video titled "Kathy Griffin: A Hell of a Story", which is about the backlash she received for the Trump photo controversy  It was the basis for her A Hell of a Story concert film  She said she was under a federal investigation by the Justice Department for two months and was on the No Fly List during that time  She also said she was put on the Interpol list, the Five Eyes list, and had been detained at every airport during her Laugh Your Head Off World Tour On November 4, 2020 (her 60th birthday and the day after the 2020 United States presidential election), Griffin once again posted a photo of her posing with a model of Donald Trump's bloody, decapitated head 

Twitter suspension
On November 6, 2022, Griffin was suspended from Twitter for impersonating Elon Musk  Griffin used his profile photo and changed her name on the service, tweeting under his name imploring people to vote for Democrats in the upcoming midterm elections and encouraging them to retweet and spread her post  She also posted that she, posing as Musk, had decided to vote blue to support women's rights  Musk tweeted the same day that anyone impersonating a public figure would be permanently suspended unless the account was clearly marked as parody  On the next day, Griffin posted on her deceased mother's Twitter account, calling Musk an "asshole"  She further challenged the site's policy that she had used her Twitter profile for impersonation  Musk tweeted sardonically in reply to another tweet, "Actually she was suspended for impersonating a comedian " On November 18, Elon Musk announced that her account has been reinstated due to new rules concerning "negative/hate tweets" 

Style of humor
Griffin developed her love of popular culture through her immediate and extended family, who were frequently commenting about the latest news  She said; "I may have been into The Brady Bunch like every other kid, but I also wanted to watch John Lennon and Yoko Ono on The Dick Cavett Show, and every minute of the Watergate hearings  It was
fear of the dinner table that got me hooked " She has also named her mother Maggie as influential in her consumption of pop culture, calling her "the ideal audience for the Hollywood dish"  Griffin named the character Rhoda Morgenstern of 1970s sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show as an influence Griffin established her career with candid observations of everyday life and her dating experiences, later focusing on mocking celebrities; her act currently consists of embellished stories involving celebrities  Griffin hopes people understand that no malice is intended by her humor  "I'm genuinely a fan of most of the people I trash in the act", she said; "I really, really try and focus on making fun of people for their behavior  I'm not so into making fun of someone for the way they look, or something that's out of their control "Griffin is sometimes the object of her own humor, particularly with regard to her D-list status  She portrays herself as a Hollywood outsider and has a group of close celebrity friends such as Rosie O'Donnell, Joan Rivers, Jerry Seinfeld, Gloria Estefan, and Lance Bass  Her longtime friendship with Bass was the catalyst for a feud between Griffin and gossip blogger Perez Hilton In 2007, Griffin commented on her aversion to making fun of celebrity friends; "There's nothing I won't do, but on the other hand I'm full of shit because that changes"  Griffin and Hilton ended their feud after the death of Griffin's father, and Hilton appeared on an episode of Griffin's show in 2007 

LGBT rights and political advocacy
Griffin is a supporter for LGBT rights, including same-sex marriage  She has protested with fellow proponents in West Hollywood, California, and included the footage from protests on her reality show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List  Her mother is also a supporter of LGBT rights and is seen on the same show protesting alongside her daughter  Prior to the Proposition 8 ballot results, Griffin volunteered for the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center's "Vote for Equality" campaign, going door-to-door asking Los Angeles residents for their opinion of LGBT marriage rights In March 2010, Griffin helped organize a rally in Washington, D C , to advocate the repeal of "Don't ask, don't tell"  She stated she organized the rally after meeting with several closeted gay people serving in Iraq and Afghanistan  Griffin held meetings with several Members of Congress to encourage its repeal; she also organized a rally in Freedom Plaza Griffin caused controversy when she confronted Republican Congresswoman Michele Bachmann over her views on homosexuality at the 2010 Radio and Television Correspondents' Association Dinner; according to Griffin, she asked Bachmann "were you born a bigot or did you grow into it", a reference to Bachmann's belief homosexuality is strictly environmental  Griffin said Bachmann replied, "That's a good question, I'll have to think about that"  Bachmann's office confirmed the exchange but said Griffin confronted Bachmann after Bachmann approached Griffin to compliment her appearance Griffin is a long-time supporter of the Aid for AIDS annual fundraiser Best in Drag Show in Los Angeles, and hosted the opening of the show for more than five years  In November 2009, Aid For AIDS presented Kathy Griffin with an AFA Angel Award at their silver anniversary celebration Griffin is a long-time critic of Sarah Palin and has made fun of Palin's daughter, Bristol Palin, using the Palin family as material for her comedy routines  In March 2011, Sarah Palin responded to Griffin by calling her a "bully"  In her reality television show, Griffin visited the Palin family home in Wasilla, Alaska, and invited Palin to attend her stand-up show in Anchorage, Alaska  Griffin has also poked fun at Willow Palin as a result of Palin's Facebook statements on homosexuality In 2020, Griffin hosted the Str8Up Gay Porn Awards 

Personal life
Griffin  is an atheist  Speaking to Sacramento's Outword Magazine, Griffin said: "    I think I'm getting more atheist because of the way the country is getting more into bible-thumping"  She also describes herself as a "non-believer"  In her book Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin, Griffin said that while in high school, she fell away from the Roman Catholic Church  She considered becoming a Unitarian but was not sure what that would involve  On March 9, 2008, Kathy Griffin became an ordained minister with the Universal Life Church In a 2006 interview, Griffin said she does not drink alcohol Griffin is an opponent of LASIK eye surgery, having had a series of operations that left her partially blind in one eye with a visible eyeball deformity Griffin's only sister, Joyce Patricia Griffin, died in September 2017, from an undisclosed form of cancer  Kathy had shaved her head in solidarity with her in late July  Her brother Gary died of esophageal cancer in 2014  Her estranged eldest brother, Kenny, died in October 2001 in their mother's arms Her father, John Patrick Griffin, died of heart failure on February 17, 2007; he was 91 years old  The episode related to his death was aired on June 19, 2007  Her mother, Maggie Griffin, who was featured in her reality show, died on March 17, 2020  In a post on her social media accounts, Griffin stated, "I am gutted  My best friend  I am shaking  I won't ever be prepared  I'm so grateful you guys got to be part of her life  You knew her  You loved her  She knew it  Oh, and OF COURSE she went on St  Patrick's Day "She placed 17th on Oxygen's 2007 list of "The 50 Funniest Women Alive"  In 2009, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to her In August 2021, Griffin announced that she had been diagnosed with lung cancer, despite not being a smoker, and needed to have half of her left lung removed  She underwent surgery the same month In April 2023, Griffin revealed she was diagnosed with an "extreme case" of PTSD 

Marriage and relationships
Griffin married computer administrator Matt Moline in 2001, after being introduced by Moline's sister, television producer Rebecca Moline  They divorced in May 2006  On Larry King Live, Griffin accused Moline of stealing $72,000 from her; Matt Moline did not respond to the allegation publicly but stated he was saddened by it In July 2007, rumors that Griffin was dating Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak circulated  Griffin and Wozniak attended the 2007 Emmy Awards together  On Tom Green's House Tonight on February 6, 2008, Griffin confirmed her relationship with Wozniak  Wozniak and Griffin served as King and Queen of the Humane Society of Silicon Valley Fur Ball on April 5, 2008, in Santa Clara, California  In June 2008, it was confirmed that Griffin and Wozniak were no longer dating On August 9, 2009, Griffin attended the Teen Choice Awards with Levi Johnston and subsequently interviewed him on Larry King Live  In the interview, Griffin and Johnston joked that they were in a serious relationship On March 7, 2011, while appearing on The Howard Stern Show, Griffin announced she was romantically involved with actor and former NFL practice-squad player Isaiah Mustafa  Mustafa later stated he was single In the same interview, she stated the previous July, she had ended a four-year relationship with a man she did not identify but said he is "a regular guy with a regular job", and that it was a "messy breakup"  It was later revealed the man is Griffin's tour manager, who had appeared on several seasons of My Life on the D List From 2012 until November 2018, Griffin was in a relationship with marketing executive Randy Bick  They reconciled in April 2019  She resided in the Hollywood Hills from 2004 to 2016  She has resided in Bel Air since  Griffin married Bick at her home on January 1, 2020, in a ceremony officiated by comedian Lily Tomlin 

Filmography
Film
Television
Other
Stand-up specials
Discography
On June 10, 2008, Griffin released a comedy CD titled For Your Consideration  The disc was recorded at the ETK Theatre at the Grand Theatre Center For The Arts in Tracy, California on February 17, 2008  Griffin stated she decided to release the CD to try to win a Grammy award On August 25, 2009, Griffin released a second comedy album, Suckin' It for the Holidays, in another bid for a Grammy Griffin received her third Grammy nomination for Kathy Griffin: Does the Bible Belt in 2010, On May 4, 2012, the full length version of "I'll Say It", the theme song of her show Kathy, was released to iTunes as a single 
On August 20, 2012, Griffin released a seven-track EP containing dance remixes of "I'll Say It" 

Bibliography
Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin  Ballantine Books  2009  ISBN 978-0345518569 
Kathy Griffin's Celebrity Run-Ins: My A-Z Index  Flatiron Books  2016  ISBN 978-1250115638 

Awards and nominations
Primetime Emmy Awards
Emmy Awards source:
Grammy Awards
Grammy Awards source:
GLAAD Media Awards

PGA Awards

Gracie Awards
Passage 3:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb
Passage 4:
Ruth Lowe
Ruth Lowe (August 12, 1914 – January 4, 1981) was a Canadian pianist and songwriter  She composed the first Billboard top 80 song "I'll Never Smile Again" 

Early life
Born in Toronto but raised in Glendale, California, Lowe returned to her birth country of Canada as a young woman and began working as a pianist  In 1936, Lowe was working in the 'Song Shop' in Toronto when Ina Ray Hutton brought her all-female band (the Melodears) to town  Her piano player had taken ill, and Hutton was frantically trying to locate a good-looking blonde lady replacement  Lowe auditioned, and became the regular pianist in Ina Ray's band  At age 23 in 1938, Lowe married Harold Cohen, a Chicago music publicist  It was a happy marriage that only lasted one year until Cohen's death during an operation in 1939  In her deep grief, Lowe returned to live in Toronto  In her apartment, she composed "I'll Never Smile Again" 

Songwriter
The song "I'll Never Smile Again" was first heard on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's (CBC) radio program Music By Faith, in an arrangement by Canadian musician Percy Faith, who would soon go on to fame in the US and the world  Approximately a year later, Lowe passed a copy of the tune to a guitarist in the Tommy Dorsey band, Carmen Mastren, hoping to have Dorsey hear the tune  Dorsey initially passed on the song, giving it to Glenn Miller, but then had it arranged for his young singer, Frank Sinatra, and the Pied Pipers  It was an early, major hit song for Sinatra  Lowe wrote the lyrics for another Frank Sinatra hit, "Put Your Dreams Away (For Another Day)"  She and her son Tom Sandler wrote the song "Take Your Sins to the River" for The Travellers 

Personal life and legacy
In 1945, Lowe married Nathan Sandler and the union produced two sons, Tommy and Stephen Lowe died of cancer in 1981  "I'll Never Smile Again" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982 In 2020, Until I Smile at You: How One Girl’s Heartbreak Electrified Frank Sinatra’s Fame!, a biography written by Peter Jennings with Tom Sandler, Lowe’s son, was published by Castle Carrington Publishing In 2021, Ruth's Wonderful Song, a children's book biography by Jennings, was published by Tellwell Talent 
Passage 5:
Caspar Babypants
Caspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist Chris Ballew, who is also the vocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States of America 

History
Ballew's first brush with children's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs to the nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled "PEPS Sing A Long!" Although that was a positive experience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist Kate Endle  Her art inspired Ballew to consider making music that "sounded like her art looked" as he has said  Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the public domain to interpret and make his own  The first album, Here I Am!, was recorded during the summer of 2008 and released in February 2009 
Ballew began to perform solo as Caspar Babypants in the Seattle area in January 2009  Fred Northup, a Seattle-based comedy improvisor, heard the album and offered to play as his live percussionist   Northrup also suggested his frequent collaborator Ron Hippe as a keyboard player  "Frederick Babyshirt" and "Ronald Babyshoes" were the Caspar Babypants live band from May 2009 to April 2012  Both Northup and Hippe appear on some of his recordings but since April 2012 Caspar Babypants has exclusively performed solo  The reasons for the change were to include more improvisation in the show and to reduce the sound levels so that very young children and newborns could continue to attend without being overstimulated  
Ballew has made two albums of Beatles covers as Caspar Babypants  Baby Beatles! came out in September 2013 and Beatles Baby! came out in September 2015 
Ballew runs the Aurora Elephant Music record label, books shows, produces, records, and masters the albums himself  Distribution for the albums is handled by Burnside Distribution in Portland, Oregon 
Caspar Babypants has released a total of 17 albums  The 17th album, BUG OUT!, was released on May 1, 2020  His album FLYING HIGH! was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Children's Album  All 17 of the albums feature cover art by Ballew's wife, Kate Endle 
"FUN FAVORITES!" and "HAPPY HITS!" are two vinyl-only collections of hit songs that Caspar Babypants has released in the last couple of years 

Discography
AlbumsPEPS (2002)
Here I Am! (Released 03/17/09) Special guests: Jen Wood, Fysah Thomas
More Please! (Released 12/15/09) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe
This Is Fun! (Released 11/02/10)  Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Krist Novoselic, Charlie Hope
Sing Along! (Released 08/16/11) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Stone Gossard, Frances England, Rachel Loshak
Hot Dog! (Released 04/17/12) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Rachel Flotard (Visqueen)
I Found You! (Released 12/18/12) Special guests: Steve Turner (Mudhoney), Rachel Flotard (Visqueen), John Richards
Baby Beatles! (Released 09/15/13)
Rise And Shine! (Released 09/16/14)
Night Night! (Released 03/17/15)
Beatles Baby! (Released 09/18/2015)
Away We Go! (Released 08/12/2016)
Winter Party! (Released 11/18/16)
Jump For Joy! (Released 08/18/17)
Sleep Tight! (Released 01/19/18)
Keep It Real! (Released 08/17/18)
Best Beatles! (Released 03/29/19)
Flying High! (Released 08/16/19)
Bug Out! (released 05/1/20)
Happy Heart! (Released 11/13/20)
Easy Breezy! (Released 11/05/21)AppearancesMany Hands: Family Music for Haiti CD (released 2010) – Compilation of various artists
Songs Stories And Friends: Let's Go Play – Charlie Hope (released 2011) – vocals on Alouette
Shake It Up, Shake It Off (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Keep Hoping Machine Running – Songs Of Woody Guthrie (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Apple Apple – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2013) – vocals on Monkey Love
Simpatico – Rennee and Friends (released 2015) – writer and vocals on I Am Not Afraid
Sundrops – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2015) – vocals on Digga Dog Kid
Passage 6:
Say It Ain't So
"Say It Ain't So" is a song by American rock band Weezer  It was released as the third and final single from the band's self-titled 1994 debut album on May 15, 1995  Written by frontman Rivers Cuomo, the song came to be after he had all the music finished and one line, "Say it ain't so"  Cuomo made a connection to an incident in high school where he came home and saw a bottle of beer in the fridge  He believed his mother and father's marriage ended because his father was an alcoholic, and this made him fear the marriage between his mother and step-father would end this way as well "Say It Ain't So" is widely considered one of the band's best songs  In 2015, Loudwire ranked the song number three on their list of the 10 greatest Weezer songs, and in 2021, Kerrang ranked the song number two on their list of the 20 greatest Weezer songs  In 2008, Rolling Stone ranked "Say It Ain't So" number 72 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time " Pitchfork included the song at number 10 on its "Top 200 Tracks of the 1990s" 

Composition
"Say It Ain't So" is an alternative rock and emo song that lasts a duration of 4 minutes, 18 seconds  According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes com by Hal Leonard Music, it is written in the time signature of common time, with a moderate rock tempo of 76 beats per minute  "Say It Ain't So" is composed in the key of C minor (Cm), while Rivers Cuomo's vocal range spans two octaves, from the low-note of B♭3 to the high-note of B♭5  The song has a basic sequence of Cm7–Gadd♯9–A♭–E♭ in the verses and interludes, changes to C5–G5–A♭5–E♭5 at the chorus and follows B♭5–B♭5/A–E♭5–G♭5 during the bridge as its chord progression 

Music video
The music video for "Say It Ain't So", directed by Sophie Muller, met with less success than the previous two Weezer videos directed by Spike Jonze, but the song still successfully climbed to the top 10 of the Modern Rock Tracks chart  As noted in the Weezer DVD collection Video Capture Device and the slip cover of the re-released special edition of the group's debut album, the band filmed the music video at the house where the band used to rehearse and record  The video also features a cameo by the band's webmaster/band photographer/archivist and close friend for many years, Karl Koch  A small poster of Mercyful Fate/King Diamond frontman King Diamond is visible several times throughout the video, most clearly during the final chorus, just as Rivers Cuomo turns his mic around 

Song mixes
Two mixes of the song exist  The original album pressings had a mix with slightly different sounding drums, bass and no guitar feedback  However, when the band released the single, the mix that kept the guitar feedback in the song was used  The band liked this mix so much that the members asked for it to replace the version on the album, after the album had sold 3 million copies  The album now features the version with the feedback  The deluxe version features both mixes 

Track listing
Standard CD, 10-inch, and cassette single
"Say It Ain't So" (remix) – 4:17
"No One Else" (live and acoustic) – 3:15
"Jamie" (live and acoustic) – 3:53All live acoustic tracks were recorded on 99X in Atlanta, Georgia 

Personnel
Rivers Cuomo – lead vocals, lead and rhythm guitar
Matt Sharp – bass, backing vocals
Brian Bell – backing vocals
Patrick Wilson – drums

Charts
Certifications
Release history
Covers
The band Further Seems Forever covered the song on the Weezer tribute album Rock Music: A Tribute to Weezer  An episode of "One Tree Hill" featured a cover by MoZella, Wakey!Wakey!, and Juliana Hatfield  Deftones, the Sleeping, Young Guns, Finch, Real Estate and Dashboard Confessional have also covered the song live  Asher Roth sampled the song for his debut rap single "I Love College"  After the song leaked onto the internet, Rivers Cuomo reportedly refused to clear the sample, which prompted Roth to debut a remixed version of his song as his official debut single  Canadian Hip hop artist K-OS has also covered "Say It Ain't So" for his live EP "Much Music Presents: k-os Live", featuring vocals from Benjamin Kowalewicz of Billy Talent in 2011  Foster the People also covered the song in August 2011, after Weezer did a version of "Pumped Up Kicks"  Chiptune artist Inverse Phase parodied the song on a Commodore 64, titling it "Say It Ain't Sixty-FO" Calpurnia covered the song for Spotify's Under Cover podcast in 2018

In popular culture
"Say It Ain't So" is a playable track in the video games Rock Band and Rocksmith 2014 in addition to appearing on an episode of Hindsight 
Passage 7:
Say It, Say It
"Say It, Say It" is the debut single by American singer–songwriter (and future voice actress) E  G  Daily  It was released in 1985 as the lead single from her debut album Wild Child  The single went to number one on the U S  Dance Club Play chart for one week   On other US charts,  "Say It, Say It"  went to number 71 on the soul chart and number 70 on the Hot 100 

Track listings
7" single (1986)

"Say It, Say It" – 4:34
"Don't Let Them Take the Child Away" – 3:3512" single (1986)

"Say It, Say It" (Extended version) – 6:52
"Say It, Say It" – 4:34
"Say It, Say It" (Dub version) – 4:40UK 12" single (1986)

"Say It, Say It" (Extended version) – 6:52
"Say It, Say It" (Dub version) – 4:40
"Don't Let Them Take the Child Away" – 3:35A&M Extended Memories 12" single (1989)

"Livin' It Up (Friday Night)" (performed by Bell and James) – 7:03
"Say It, Say It" (Extended version) – 6:52

Charts
Music video
The music video for the song is a take of the 1962 film, Lolita 
Passage 8:
Where Did the Good Times Go?
Over Here! is a musical with a score by Richard M  Sherman and Robert B  Sherman and book by Will Holt  The original Broadway production was directed by Tom Moore and choreographed by Patricia Birch, with scenic design by Douglas W  Schmidt and costumes by Carrie F  Robbins 
Over Here! was a follow-up to the Sherman brothers' World War II musical Victory Canteen, an off-Broadway production that featured 1940s icon Patty Andrews  The setting is a cross-country train trip in the United States during World War II (hence the name of the play, in contrast to the popular patriotic war anthem entitled Over There)  The show begins as a nostalgic look at 1940s America (where fashion, music, big bands and swing dance dominates) but,  quickly evolves into a social commentary about the fear of dying in battle, prejudice, and discrimination 

Production history
After thirteen previews, the show opened on March 6, 1974 at the Shubert Theatre, where it ran for 341 performances and became the top-grossing production of the 1974 Broadway season  It is largely credited as the Broadway musical which launched many careers  The opening night cast included Patty  and Maxene Andrews (of the Andrews Sisters) and newcomers John Travolta, Treat Williams, Marilu Henner, Samuel E  Wright, and Ann Reinking, all of whom went on to achieve successful careers  Despite still playing to capacity audiences, the show closed on January 4, 1975 under controversial conditions  "The producers blamed Patty and Maxine, claiming they wanted more money and made unreasonable demands, and cancelled the national tour  The Andrews sisters blamed the producers, claiming they had mismanaged the show from the beginning and were now using them as scapegoats " According to an article in The New York Times, the tour was cancelled due to a "salary dispute" between the Andrews sisters and the producers Radar online and the official site reported that Cody Linley would be starring in an all-new production of Over Here! set to launch early in 2010 at the Saban Theatre, Beverly Hills and an official website showed open auditions  In an interview, Linley confirmed that he would play the role of Bill  The production has been postponed indefinitely 
The postponed 2010 production was an "all-new" production with a modified book by original playwright Will Holt, choreographed by Tony Stevens, designed by Royal Court designer Mark Walters with associate designer Christopher Hone and Costume Designer David Toser, featuring Music Supervision by David Barber  
Dick Van Dyke had agreed to head an all-star cast; however, he was forced to withdraw days before the start date when his partner Michelle's illness became terminal  Unable to find an immediate replacement for Van Dyke at such short notice, the producers rescheduled the production to premiere in California in 2016, following which a US tour was planned  Neither came to fruition  
There was a 2019 Off-Broadway revival at the Triad Theatre in New York City starring Debbie Gravitte, Haley Swindal as Pauline, Jessica Hendy as Paulette, Nikka Graff Lanzarone as Mitzi, Mark William, Dani Apple, and Kristina Nicole Miller  The production was adapted into a 85-minute one act by director Will Nunziata, music director Blake Allen, and choreographer Andrew Black  The revival featured all the music from the original Broadway production, albeit in a different order, except for "Don't Shoo the Hooey to Me, Louie"  The third verse of "Star-Spangled Banner" was sung by Miller where in the original production, the anthem was spoken 

Song list
Awards and nominations
Original Broadway production
2019 Revival
Passage 9:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 10:
Say It (Booty Luv song)
"Say It" is a song by female English dance music duo Booty Luv  The song was written by Carl Björsell, Didrik Thott, Sebastian Thott and produced by Wez Clarke  It was released as the duo's sixth official single and the first single from their unfinished and unreleased second album  The song premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 10 April 2009  The single was then released four months later on 31 August 2009 through recording label Hed Kandi  "Say It" is an up-tempo song and has prominent dance and electronic dance characteristics  The song's lyrics evoke situations of lust and seduction whilst out at a club 
The song garnered commercial success for Booty Luv in the United Kingdom, where it reached a chart peak of number 16, becoming the group's fifth consecutive top twenty hit on this chart and at the same time outpeaking previous UK single "Some Kinda Rush "
A hotel/casino party-themed music video directed by Emile Nava, to "Say It" was released on 23 July 2009  The duo promoted the song by performing it on various television shows and at various venues, of which included GMTV and Sony Ericsson's Dance Nation Festival 
This was planned to be the first single off the band's second studio album Say It Now, which was scheduled for release in November 2009, but due to the low chart placing of "Say It", the album was eventually cancelled 

Background
"Say It" was written by Carl Björsell, Didrik Thott and Sebastian Thott  It was produced and mixed by Wez Clarke and co-produced by Airborn, all of whom had worked on tracks for the likes of Westlife, Delta Goodrem and Lindsay Lohan  Backing vocals were courtesy of Jeanette Olsson and the track was recorded by Booty Luv at Hed Kandi Studios in London The song takes on a more electro sound compared to previous songs, as Cherise Roberts described the track's sound inspiration in an interview: "We're trying to go for a new kind of sound, but not too different  We just want to show progression "The song was composed in a key of C sharp minor and runs at a tempo of 126 96 beats per minute  The song was produced with consistence of various drum and bass and electronica instrumentation  In addition to sirens, synthesisers and vocoders 
In an interview with Digital Spy, Roberts explained the lyrical concept behind "Say It:"

It's so straightforward we hardly need to explain it! Sometimes you go to a club, catch a guy's eye and have an immediate connection with him  It gets to the end of the night and you're like 'Oh, I wish he'd said something to me'  The song's basically saying, 'If you've got something to say, come and say it before it's too late' 

Reception
The single received positive reviews from music critics alike 
Nick Levine of Digital Spy described the "Cracker" as "Working more of an electro sound in its verses but the surging chorus and sassy lyrics are business as usual for the dance-pop duo " About com said "Say It", their song of the day for 28 September, "moves more in the electro direction while maintaining the pophouse feel that we all love them for " Popjustice deemed the song as "amazing " Kickinthepeanuts reviewed the song as being "a big, loud, dancey, amazing, rather gay-night-club-sounding banga "

Music video
The music video for "Say It" was first shown on 23 July on UK music channels, and was directed by Emile Nava 

Synopsis
It shows the girls arriving at a posh hotel  The girls first spot men as they enter the hotel lobby and move to their suite  The girls then head downstairs to a mini casino where they gamble  The girls are then seen against various backgrounds and laying on chairs  Finally, the girls have a party in their hotel room and invite their friends and some men to their hotel rooms, before sending them away 

Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Context 3: Passage 1:
La Belle Township, Lewis County, Missouri
La Belle Township is an inactive township in Lewis County, in the U S  state of Missouri La Belle Township was established in 1866, and named after the community of La Belle, Missouri 
Passage 2:
The Great Man (2014 film)
The Great Man (Le Grand Homme) is a 2014 French drama film co-written and directed by Sarah Leonor  It was screened in the Discovery section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival 

Cast
Jérémie Renier as Hamilton / Michaël Hernandez
Surho Sugaipov as Markov / Mourad Massaev
Ramzan Idiev as Khadji
Daniel Fassi as Gradé Afghanistan
Jean-Yves Ruf as Colonel Lacour
Sabine Massé as Sabina
Miglen Mirtchev as Johnson
Paul Massé as Magomed
Laura Arsangereeva as Madina
Issita Arslanov as Issita
Michaël Klein as Directeur d'école
Daphné Dumons as Camille
Manon Gineste as Maëva
Sava Lolov as Dr  Arnold
Guillaume Verdier as Sergent-chef Gao
Passage 3:
La Belle
La Belle is a French term meaning "the beautiful one" (feminine); it is sometimes used metaphorically to refer to the country of France 
La Belle may be a place in the US:

La Belle, Missouri
La Belle, New Mexico, a ghost town
La Belle, Texas, an unincorporated community
La Belle Township, Lewis County, Missouri, an inactive township
La Belle Township, Marshall County, South DakotaLa Belle may also be:

La belle jardinière, aka Madonna and Child with Saint John the Baptist, a painting
La Belle, a putative 18th century Huguenot outpost at the Falls of the Ohio
La Belle (discotheque), scene of a 1986 bombing in Berlin, Germany
La Belle Dame sans Merci, a ballad
La Belle, a 17th century sailing ship
La Belle Verte, a 1996 film
James D  La Belle, U S  Marine Hero
La Belle, a 2000 Korean movie starring Oh Ji-ho

See also
Labelle (disambiguation)
Lac La Belle (disambiguation)
Passage 4:
La Belle Américaine
La belle américaine is a French comedy film from 1961, directed by Robert Dhéry, written by Alfred Adam and starring Alfred Adam and Louis de Funès  The film was known under the titles La bella americana (Italian), The American Beauty (English) and Der tolle Amerikaner (German) 

Plot
The wife of a rich man learns that her husband has an affair with a younger woman  She takes revenge on him by selling his beloved big car for little money  The worker Marcel Perrignon is very happy about this bargain but when his boss sees the car, he envies him and Perrignon gets fired  This is the start of a number of mishaps for Perrignon 

Cast
Passage 5:
The Great Man (disambiguation)
The Great Man is 1956 American drama film directed by and starring José Ferrer, based on a novel by Al Morgan 
The Great Man may also refer to:

The Great Man (2014 film), a 2014 French drama film
The Great Man (novel), a 2007 Kate Christensen novel
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (1708–1778), English statesman known as "The Great Man"
The Great Man (play), a 2000 play by David Williamson
Great Man (film), a 1951 French drama film

See also
Great man theory, a 19th-century idea according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of great men
Passage 6:
The Great Man Votes
The Great Man Votes is a 1939 American drama film starring John Barrymore as a widowed professor turned drunkard who has the deciding vote in an election for mayor  It was based on the short story of the same name by Gordon Malherbe Hillman published in the November 1933 issue of American Magazine  The plot of the 2008 movie Swing Vote has been compared to The Great Man Votes 

Plot
Former Harvard professor Gregory Vance (John Barrymore), now an outcast alcoholic in a small city, is introduced hitching a ride with the local milkman, who also delivers alcohol to him, after his shift in his current job as a night watchman   Despite his alcoholism, Vance cares for his children, Joan (Virginia Weidler) and Donald (Peter Holden), bringing them up on the classics, teaching them Latin, and having them recite Shakespeare  They in turn look after their father and his reputation 
After an altercation between his children and some bullies, led by the son of "Iron Hat" McCarthy (Donald McBride), the local political boss, Vance is visited by his children's teacher, Agnes Billow (Katherine Alexander), and the two become friendly with each other, especially as she realizes that Vance is a  writer she greatly respected and he reveals that his fall from respectability began with the death of the children's mother 
With a city election for mayor nearing, Iron Hat is informed that every vote in the city is already locked in place, with a likely tie between the boss's handpicked current mayor and a rival, with one exception in one crucial ward—Gregory Vance   At the same time, Vance's wealthy in-laws are threatening to take custody of his children, something Joan and Donald do not want, despite the material advantages that would offer them 
Trying to woo Vance for his vote, Iron Hat offers him a low-level job with the city, but the children are able to raise the bargaining stakes until Vance is offered the post of Commissioner of Education   Vance himself is reluctant to be a party to such dirty politics, but when he demands getting the job offer in writing, he is able to expose the corruption of the mayor and Iron Hat   Now socially respectable and a new man, Vance is able to turn over a new leaf, presumably along with Miss Billow 

Cast
Reception
The film recorded a loss of $10,000 
Passage 7:
Labelle (disambiguation)
Labelle, LaBelle or La Belle is a family name of French and French-Canadian origins  It may refer to:

Places
Labelle, Quebec
Labelle, Nova Scotia
Labelle (electoral district), a federal riding in Quebec
Labelle (provincial electoral district), another, provincial riding also in Quebec
Labelle County, Quebec, a former county
Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality, Quebec
Papineau-Labelle Wildlife Reserve, Quebec 
LaBelle, Florida
LaBelle, Pennsylvania, Luzerne Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
LaBelle, Texas
La Belle Station, Northern Territory, Australia

People
Antoine Labelle
Chuck Labelle
Doug LaBelle II
James W  LaBelle
Jean-Baptiste Labelle
Jean-Baptiste Labelle (politician)
Marc LaBelle
Patti LaBelle

Other
Labelle, a former American R&B and soul group
Labelle (album), the group's 1972 eponymous debut

See also
Labille, a similarly spelled surname
Passage 8:
Robert Dhéry
Robert Dhéry (27 April 1921 – 3 December 2004) (born Robert Léon Henri Fourrey or Robert Foullcy) was a French comedian, actor, director and screenwriter 
He was married to actress Colette Brosset, with whom he appeared onstage in La Plume de Ma Tante 
He appeared on Broadway from 1958 to 1960 in La Plume de Ma Tante, and was, along with the rest of the entire cast (Pamela Austin, Colette Brosset, Roger Caccia, Yvonne Constant, Genevieve Coulombel, Michael Kent, Jean Lefevre, Jacques Legras, Michael Modo, Pierre Olaf, Nicole Parent, Ross Parker, Henri Pennec) awarded a Special Tony Award 1959 for contribution to the theatre 

Selected filmography
Night Shift (1944)
Last Chance Castle (1947)
Branquignol (1949)
I Like Only You (1949)
Bernard and the Lion (1951)
Love Is Not a Sin (1952)
La demoiselle et son revenant (1952)
The Pirates of the Bois de Boulogne (1954)
Passage 9:
The Great Man's Lady
The Great Man's Lady is a 1942 American Western film directed by William A  Wellman and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Joel McCrea  It is based on the short story "The Human Side" by Viña Delmar It was filmed at two locations in Thousand Oaks, California: Joel McCrea Ranch and nearby Moorpark Road 

Plot
A statue is being dedicated to the late founder of Hoyt City, and reporters from around the country have gathered, speculating that "the old lady's going to talk " When the anticipated "old lady" does not appear at the event, they rush to her home  She is centenarian, Hannah Sempler Hoyt, who lives in an old mansion among the skyscrapers of Hoyt City  As she confronts the press who have barged in, a photographer says, "Hold it, Mrs  Hoyt!" She replies that her name is Hannah Sempler, and refuses to answer their questions as to whether she and Hoyt had been married, which as another reporter says, would make him a bigamist  The intruders leave, having learned nothing to prove or disprove the many rumors, but Hannah is persuaded to tell her story to a young female biographer who lags behind  She reminisces about her experiences with Ethan Hoyt in the American West 
In 1848, a teenaged Hannah Sempler is squired by her wealthy father's associate, Mr  Cadwallader, but she is not interested  Hannah meets and flirts with a young pioneer and dreamer, Ethan Hoyt, who comes to her home seeking financial backing from her father in order to build a city in the western wilderness  Her father rejects Ethan's proposal, stating that it is too risky  Hannah, however, falls in love with the young man, and quite impulsively, they elope and head west  The first years of their marriage are not easy, but the couple are happy  When Ethan loses all his money and possessions in a drunken gambling spree to Steely Edwards, Hannah wins back his losses and befriends Steely, who accompanies the couple to Sacramento, California, where they hope to strike it rich mining 
In Sacramento, Hannah and Ethan spend less time together, with Ethan working long hours in the mines  One day, Hannah discovers silver on Ethan's boots, carried from the Virginia City mine where he had been working  Hannah knows she is pregnant, but does not reveal this to Ethan, knowing he would never leave her behind in that condition  Instead she encourages Ethan to go to Virginia City and find his fortune in the silver mines  Thinking Hannah wants him gone so she can be with Steely, Ethan leaves her with no intention of returning 
After he leaves for Virginia City, the friendship between Hannah and Steely grows  Steely looks after Hannah and her twin babies  When Sacramento is threatened by torrential flooding, Hannah plans to travel to San Francisco  But knowing that Hannah still loves Ethan, Steely arranges for her to travel by coach to Virginia City to be with her husband—he will go to San Francisco alone



ground_truth: Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film came out first, The Pyrammmid or Revolt Of The Praetorians?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
My Little Eye
My Little Eye is a 2002 British horror film directed by Marc Evans about five adults who agree to spend six months together in an isolated mansion while being filmed at all times  The idea for the film came from reality television shows such as Big Brother  The title refers to the guessing game I spy 

Plot
Five contestants, Matt (Sean Cw Johnson), Emma (Laura Regan), Charlie (Jennifer Sky), Danny (Stephen O'Reilly) and Rex (Kris Lemche), agree to take part in a reality webcast, where they must spend six months in a house to win $1 million  If anyone leaves, then no one wins the money  Nearing the end of the six months, tension between the contestants rises after Emma finds strange messages she believes are from a man from her past and the food packages arrive containing a letter that claims Danny's grandfather has died, and a gun with five bullets 
One night, a man named Travis Patterson (Bradley Cooper) arrives, claiming he is lost in the woods and that his GPS has died  Despite claiming to be an internet programmer, he claims to not recognize any of the contestants or ever having heard of the show  Later that night, Travis has sex with Charlie, and then secretly talks directly into a camera, to communicate with whoever is watching them  The next morning, Travis leaves and Danny discovers his backpack outside covered in blood and shredded to pieces  The contestants assume he was attacked by an animal but Rex believes Travis works for the people running their show and that it is all a trick to make them leave the house and forfeit the prize money 
Emma discovers her underwear among Danny’s belongings and confronts him, unaware that Travis planted them there the previous night  Danny denies it and attempts to make peace by giving her a crudely carved wooden cat, which Emma and Charlie ridicule, while Danny overhears 
The next morning, the group finds Danny has committed suicide by hanging himself from the staircase balcony with a rope  The guests finally decide to leave, but after being unable to contact anyone via radio, decide to wait until the next morning  Rex uses the GPS unit from Travis' bag and his laptop to gain access to the internet to find out more about the show but is unable to find any evidence of their show online 
Rex is only able to find a heavily encrypted beta site, that requires a $50,000 fee to access, and displays a web page with their pictures and betting odds  The group decides they will leave the next morning, though Rex and Emma go up to the roof to set off a flare  While Charlie and Matt remain in the house, Matt asks a camera if he should kill her, before suffocating her with a plastic bag 
Later, while Emma is sleeping, Rex comes downstairs and is decapitated with an axe by Matt  Matt awakens Emma and brings her up to the attic, telling her he is being chased and the others are dead  He then makes advances on Emma, who refuses, and attempts to rape her, before she stabs him in the back and runs off 
Emma runs outside and finds a police officer, who handcuffs her inside the car and enters the house  An injured Matt then crawls out, begging the cop to let him kill Emma, since he spent six months in the house with her  Realizing they are working together, Emma escapes the car and tries to run but is shot in the back with a rifle by the cop 
Matt and the cop sit in the kitchen discussing the setup they created with Travis for their high paying clients who want to witness the murders  When the cop says there are always "five suckers" to play the game with, Matt corrects him to four, and is then shot in the head  The cop then leaves, talking to Travis over the radio, while Emma is seen locked in a small room, unable to escape  As she collapses screaming, the cameras filming all shut off, one by one 

Cast
Sean Cw Johnson as Matt
Kris Lemche as Rex
Stephen O'Reilly as Danny
Laura Regan as Emma
Jennifer Sky as Charlie
Nick Mennell as The Cop
Bradley Cooper as Travis Patterson

Home media
My Little Eye is available on DVD from MCA/Universal Home Video with most of the special features available on the Region 2 Special Edition including a filmmakers' commentary and deleted scenes  There is an audio mode "Conversations of the Company (Eavesdropping Audio Track)" which allows the viewer to listen to the radio conversations between the members of the company: Travis and "the cop"  However, during this mode, the viewer cannot hear all of the dialogue of the cast in the scene  A UK release contains a 'Special Mode' where viewers see the film from the perspective of an internet subscriber, and more extra features become unlocked as the film goes on  You can watch other things going on in 'the house' in real time to what's happening in the film 

Reception
The film received polarized but positive reviews and holds 67% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 21 reviews, with an average score of 5 2/10 

See also
List of films featuring surveillance
Passage 2:
The PyraMMMid
The PyraMMMid (Russian: ПираМММида, romanized: PiraMMMida) is a 2011 Russian crime drama directed by Eldar Salavatov  The plot is based on the partially biographical story "Pyramid" by Sergei Mavrodi 

Plot
Russia, early 1990s  Sergei Mamontov is looking for where to apply himself and his intellect  And so he orders a mock-up of a security paper with imperial script, rich ornament, watermarks and his own portrait in the center 
An active advertising campaign begins  A little more than two weeks is enough to make people line up for the "mamontovs" ("mamontovki" in Russian)  Powerful bankers and state structures are in confusion – no one has a clue how to stop it, and the MMM has already accumulated more than 10 million investors 
Furthermore, Mamontov is concerned that there are no rich people in the country, and all Soviet industry is exposed to privatization  He accumulates "private greeds" and decides to carry out an honest privatization  His way is blocked by the agent of Western imperialism - Belyavsky (an allusion to Boris Berezovsky) with his MegaVAZ-bank (an allusion to LogoVAZ)  Belyavsky comes from the top - he makes connections in the Kremlin and is in charge of television  Belyavsky proposes to share Russia  Mamontov refuses: "I do not trade with Russia!", which attracts the financial inspectorate, who, without checking documents, imposes unthinkable demands for paying taxes upon him, which Mamontov executes  There is still enough money to ruin the bank of Belyavsky  In the country by that time are already 20 million investors and every week the number increases by a million, the "mamontov's" goes on par with ruble  Mamontov threatens to seize power with the help of investors who are facing ruin  During a one-minute audience with the President, Mamontov appears as a guardian for the state amid a corrupt environment and asks for a change in the law - to allow foreigners to be involved in their financial system in order to subordinate the Western oligarchy and thereby make Boris Yeltsin's Russia leader of the world  But Belyavsky begins to threaten the life of Mamontov's daughter and he eventually falls into a trap  On the Ostankino Tower, the battered Mamontov again refuses to cooperate with Belyavsky, despite the proposed opportunity to become the "head of state"  Mamontov hopes to leave with his daughter, defending himself by having a recording of a conversation with a representative of the FCS (where he offered similar "privileges"), from his assistant Vera, but she, escaping from the people of Belyavsky, drops the recording in a park and on charges of non-payment of taxes, Mamontov gets in prison and comes out after 7 years 

Cast
Aleksei Serebryakov – Sergey Mamontov
Fyodor Bondarchuk – Belyavsky
Pyotr Fyodorov – Anton
Ekaterina Vilkova – Vera
Anastasia Richie – Button
Nikita Salopin – Zotik
Sergey Koltakov – Prime Minister
Yuri Tsurilo – General
Oleksiy Gorbunov – Colonel
Artyom Mikhalkov – major
Igor Yatsko – Rezo
Daniil Spivakovsky – Gutov
Anna Mikhalkova  – wife of Mamontov
Vladimir Permyakov – Lyonya Golubkov (cameo)
Bogdan Titomir – cameo

See also
Sergei Mavrodi
MMM
Passage 3:
The Fabulous Senorita
The Fabulous Senorita is a 1952 American musical comedy film directed by R  G  Springsteen and starring Estelita Rodriguez, Robert Clarke and Nestor Paiva  The film came at the tail-end of a cycle of Latin American-themed films, though it did introduce a new star, Rita Moreno 

Plot
Cast
Estelita Rodriguez as Estelita Rodriguez
Robert Clarke as Jerry Taylor
Nestor Paiva as José Rodriguez
Marvin Kaplan as Clifford Van Kunkle
Rita Moreno as Manuela Rodríguez
Leon Belasco as Señor Gonzales
Tito Renaldo as Pedro Sanchez
Tom Powers as Delaney
Emory Parnell as Dean Bradshaw
Olin Howland as Justice of the Peace
Vito Scotti as Esteban Gonzales
Martin Garralaga as Police Captain Garcia
Nita Del Rey as Felice
Joan Blake as Betty
Frances Dominguez as Amelia
Betty Farrington as Janitress
Norman Field as Dr  Campbell
Clark Howat as Davis
Frank Kreig as Cab Driver
Dorothy Neumann as Mrs  Black
Elizabeth Slifer as Wife of Justice of the Peace
Charles Sullivan as Cab Driver
Arthur Walsh as Pete
Passage 4:
Revolt of Ghent
Revolt of Ghent may refer to:

Revolt of Ghent (1379–1385), a rebellion by the city of Ghent against Louis II, Count of Flanders
Revolt of Ghent (1449–53), a rebellion by the city of Ghent against Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy
Revolt of Ghent (1539), an uprising by the citizens of Ghent against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Passage 5:
The Night of Nights
The Night of Nights is a 1939 black-and-white drama film written by Donald Ogden Stewart and directed by Lewis Milestone for Paramount Pictures that starred Pat O'Brien, Olympe Bradna, and Roland Young The film received positive contemporary reviews from publications such as The New York Times  Director Milestone went on to other successful productions after the film came out, including Ocean's 11 and Pork Chop Hill 

Background
Milestone directed The Night of Nights nine years after winning the 1930 Academy Award for Best Director for All Quiet on the Western Front 

Plot
Dan O'Farrell (Pat O'Brien) is a brilliant Broadway theater playwright, actor, and producer who has left the business   When he was younger, he and his partner Barry Keith-Trimble (Roland Young) were preparing for the opening night of O'Farell's play Laughter by getting drunk   When it was time to perform, they were so intoxicated they ended up brawling on stage and fell into the orchestra pit   The two left the theater and continued drinking, until they learn that they have been suspended  At the same time, O'Farrell learns that his wife, actress Alyce Martelle, is pregnant and has left him for ruining her performance in Laughter as Toni   Despondent, he in left the business and went into seclusion 
Years later, his daughter Marie (Olympe Bradna) locates him and inspires him to return to Broadway   He decides to restage Laughter with its original cast, but with Marie substituting for Alyce in the part of Toni   Hoping to make a glorious return with a show that would be a hit with critics and the public alike, O'Farrell enlists the aid of friends to embark on a full-fledged comeback 

Cast
Reception
Frank S  Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the work of actors Pat O'Brien and Roland Young, had "been a labor of love and the film has profited accordingly " In noting that the plot centered on "the theatre and some of the curious folk who inhabit it", the newspaper's review stated that the film had an acceptable sentimentality and shared that the story was "an uncommonly interesting study of a man's mind, subtly written and directed, presented with honesty and commendable sincerity by Mr  O'Brien, Mr  Young and Olympe Bradna, and well worth any one's attention " The only objection in the review was that the stage play Laughter, the piece being produced within the film by O'Brien's character of Dan O'Farrell, "seemed to be the most awful tripe "
Passage 6:
Revolt of the Barbarians
Revolt of the Barbarians (Italian: La rivolta dei barbari) is a 1964 Italian film directed by Guido Malatesta 

Plot
After several years abroad fighting numerous campaigns in Gaul, Darius, commander of the 10th Legion, is finally able to return to Rome with his men  After discovering an ambushed Roman convoy and shortly meeting First Proconsul Claudius, Darius learns of a theft made on the convoy with gold intended to pay Roman legionnaires for their service  Darius then must track down the thieves and recover the gold before he is allowed to return home with his legion 

Cast
Roland Carey as Darius
Maria Grazia Spina as Lydia
Mario Feliciani
Gabriele Antonini as Domitius
Andrea Aureli
Susan Sullivan
Gaetano Scala
Franco Beltramme
Gilberto Galimberti

External links
Revolt of the Barbarians at IMDb
Revolt of the Barbarians (dubbed in English) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
Passage 7:
Revolt of the Praetorians
La Rivolta dei Pretoriani (AKA: Revolt of the Praetorians) is a 1964 sword and sandal film about the conspiracy to assassinate the emperor Domitian in the year AD 96, though the historical facts have been heavily fictionized  This film was written by Gian Paolo Callegari, directed by Alfonso Brescia in his directorial debut and starred Richard Harrison, Moira Orfei, Giuliano Gemma and Piero Lulli as Emperor Domitian 

Plot
In Ancient Rome, at about 96 AD, Emperor Domitian has become a highly paranoid and tyrannical despot who keeps the people oppressed in constant fear of a revolt  He has only a few retainers left whom he perceives as loyal: his lover Artamne, a scheming Egyptian priestess of Isis; his diminutive jester, Elpidion; his gladiator bodyguards under the command of Soterus; his palace guards; and his Imperial Praetorian Guard under the command of their centurion, Valerius Rufus  Anyone who dares speak up against the Emperor - and may it be only a minor complaint - or is suspected of treason is either imprisoned or summarily executed 
Although Valerius appears loyal, he secretly harbors resentment against the tyrant, but is careful not to reveal it  He begins fighting Domitian's rule in a masked identity; when he begins to use a red wolf's coat to hide his face, he becomes known as the "Red Wolf"  Among his allies are the young senator Nerva and the old patrician Fabius Lucillius and his family, especially Fabius' daughter Lucilla, Valerius' love interest 
One day, Artamne persuades Domitian to hold a sacrificial celebration in the Imperial palace, forcing Lucilla and other patrician daughters to attend and to be subjected to exploitation by the Emperor's lust  Valerius manages to prevent this, but as he hides his mask in a secret cache in the palace garden, he is spotted by Elpidion  The next day, Valerius arranges for Lucilla, the other girls and the fugitives he has rescued to flee to Lucillius' country estate  When he returns to his quarters, he discovers Elpidion, clad in his wolfpelt mask, waiting for him, but the dwarf declares that he, too, hates Domitian and wants to join his cause  He tells of Domitian and Artamne's plan to arrest and execute all patricians suspected of treason, and Valerius, as the Red Wolf, arrives just in time to help his friends escape to Lucillius' estate 
The fugitives finally decide to organize an armed resistance movement, and Valerius kidnaps Artamne as a hostage  But in time, Artamne manages to charm one of her guards into releasing her; she returns to Domitian and reveals the location of the rebels' hideout  Domitian sends out Soterus and his gladiators to eliminate the rebels  Valerius, alerted by Elpidion, fights them, allowing his friends to escape, but is wounded in the arm and Lucilla is captured  While Valerius manages to temporarily hide his secret by putting his mask onto one of his killed friends, Soterus notices the injury and exposes him  Valerius manages to escape, but as he later tries to free Lucilla from captivity, he is captured himself and both are sentenced to death 
In the dungeons, however, Valerius is approached by his loyal friend and subordinate in the guard, Sejanus, who reveals that the Praetorian Guards are also resentful of Domitian's tyranny and wish to overthrow him  Valerius sends him to contact his fugitive friends, and together with a group of disgruntled travelling artists the rebels prepare to free the two and overthrow Domitian when Valerius and Lucilla are to be executed in the palace garden the following night 
With Elpidion's aid, the rebel's main group enters the palace through the dungeons and takes the Emperor and his retinue by surprise  Artamne and Soterus are killed in the struggle, and with the appearance of the Praetorian Guardsmen, the battle is quickly ended  Domitian makes it as far as his throne room with Lucilla as his hostage, but Valerius follows him and kills him in the ensuing duel, ending his tyranny 

Cast
Richard Harrison as Valerius Rufus
Moira Orfei as Artamne
Piero Lulli as Domitian
Giuliano Gemma as Nerva
Paola Pitti as Lucilla
Ivy Holzer as Zusa
Fedele Gentile as Fabius Lucilius
Amedeo Trilli as Il guardiano della cava ("the Cave Guard")
Mirko Ellis as Sejanus
Renato Montalbano as Soterus
Salvatore Furnari as Elpidion
Massimo Carocci
Aldo Cecconi as Soterus

See also
List of historical drama films
Passage 8:
The Revolt of the Slaves
The Revolt of the Slaves (Italian: La rivolta degli schiavi) is a 1960 Italian film directed by Nunzio Malasomma  It is based on the 1854 novel Fabiola by Nicholas Wiseman 

Cast
Rhonda Fleming: Claudia
Lang Jeffries: Vibio
Darío Moreno: Massimiano
Ettore Manni: Sebastiano
Wandisa Guida: Agnese
Gino Cervi: Claudio
Fernando Rey: Valerio
Serge Gainsbourg: Corvino
José Nieto: Sesto, servitore di Claudia
Rainer Penkert: Massimo
Antonio Casas: Tertulio
Dolores Francine: Liubaia

Release
The Revolt of the Slaves was released in Italy on 20 December 1960 with a 100-minute running time and in the United States with a 102-minute running time in June 1961  It was released in West Germany as Die Sklaven Roms on 17 March 1961 

See also
List of Italian films of 1960
Passage 9:
Operation Leopard
La légion saute sur Kolwezi, also known as Operation Leopard, is a French war film directed by Raoul Coutard and filmed in French Guiana  The script is based on the true story of the Battle of Kolwezi that happened in 1978  It was diligently described in a book of the same name by former 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment Captain Pierre Sergent  He published his book in 1979, and the film came out in 1980  Coutard shot the film in a documentary style 

Plot
The film is based on true events  In 1978, approximately 3,000 heavily armed fighters from Katanga crossed the border to the Zaire and marched into Kolwezi, a mining centre for copper and cobalt  They took 3,000 civilians as hostages  Within a few days, between 90 and 280 hostages were killed  The rebels appeared to be unpredictable and are reported to have threatened to annihilate all civilians 
Mobutu Sese Seko, Zaire's head of state, urged Belgium, France and the United States to help  France sent the Foreign Legion's 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment, which were flown from Corsica to Kolwezi  Following their arrival, they secured the perimeter, in co-operation with Belgian soldiers from Zaire, and then started to evacuate the civilians  Within two days more than 2,000 Europeans and about 3,000 African citizens were saved  The film strives to depict the events in a dramatised form, concentrating on the Europeans' plight 

Production
The late Jean Seberg had filmed scenes on location for the film, but her death caused her to be replaced by another French American actress, Mimsy Farmer, who reshot Seberg's scenes 

Cast
Bruno Cremer: Pierre Delbart
Jacques Perrin:Ambassador Berthier
Laurent Malet: Phillipe Denrémont
Pierre Vaneck: Colonel Grasser
Mimsy Farmer: Annie Devrindt
Giuliano Gemma: Adjudant Fédérico
Robert Etcheverry : Colonel Dubourg
Jean-Claude Bouillon : Maurois
Passage 10:
Army of Lovers or Revolt of the Perverts
Army of Lovers or Revolt of the Perverts (German: Armee der Liebenden oder Aufstand der Perversen)  is a 1979 German documentary film directed by Rosa von Praunheim For example, the film was shown at the University of California's Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive in 1982 

Plot
The film is about the state and development of the LGBT movement in the US after the Stonewall riots of 1969 

Awards
1979: Nomination for the Gold Hugo at the Chicago International Film Festival

Reception
J  Hoberman wrote in the Village Voice: "Army of Lovers has its own moments of sentimental stridency, but it´s a heartfelt, challenging, and often stirring film that deserves the widest possible audience "

Notes
Context 3:  As the coach crosses a bridge near Sacramento, the river overflows and washes away the coach and its passengers  Hannah survives, but the babies perish 
After burying the twins, and believing that Hannah is also dead, Steely travels to Virginia City to tell Ethan the tragic news  It has been years since they've seen or spoken, and by now Ethan has become a wealthy man  When Steely tells him that Hannah is dead, Ethan shoots him, saying, "He killed my wife " Thinking that Hannah and Steely are now dead—Steely actually survives the shooting—Ethan continues his dream of building a great city 
Steely returns to Sacramento and discovers that Hannah is still alive  He tells her that Ethan, who believes she is dead, has married another woman  Steely and Hannah move to San Francisco and open a gambling casino  Years later, Hannah's father visits her and urges her to "disappear" so as not to threaten the political future of Ethan Hoyt, who is now representing her father's railroad interests  Hannah refuses her father's request, and travels to Hoyt City, where she watches Ethan giving a political speech  No longer a champion of the people as he once dreamed of becoming, Ethan is now a man of wealth and power, participating in corrupt practices to achieve private goals  Ethan sees Hannah in the crowd and they meet  She tells him that she had divorced him, knowing his political future would be ruined by scandal if it were known they were still married  She reminds him of the dreamer he once was  He goes off with a renewed idealism, devoting the rest of his life to helping the less fortunate, even at his own expense 
The story concludes as it started, with the aged Hannah and the young female biographer discussing Ethan Hoyt, standing beneath the impressive statue  Hannah has been alone for many years now  Steely died in the 1906 San Francisco fire, the same year that Ethan returned to Hoyt City, to die in Hannah's mansion  No one knew why he chose to do this, and for some thirty more years Hannah has remained silent about their marriage  The biographer now realizes the profound role that Hannah played in Ethan's life and success, and in the founding of this now great city  Also aware of Ethan's mythic reputation, she kisses Hannah sweetly, saying, "I'm kissing my biography [of Ethan] goodbye " Before Hanna leaves the statue, the old woman tears up the marriage certificate she has kept all these years, saying of his myth, and perhaps their relationship, "Forever, Ethan  Now no one can change it  Forever "

Cast
Barbara Stanwyck as Hannah Sempler
Joel McCrea as Ethan Hoyt
Brian Donlevy as Steely Edwards
K  T  Stevens as Girl biographer
Thurston Hall as Mr  Sempler
Lloyd Corrigan as Mr  Cadwallader
Etta McDaniel as Delilah
Frank M  Thomas as Mr  Frisbee
William B  Davidson as Senator Knobs
Lillian Yarbo as Mandy
Helen Lynd as Bettina Sempler
David Clyde as Bartender
Passage 10:
William A  Wellman
William Augustus Wellman  (February 29, 1896 – December 9, 1975) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter, actor and military pilot  He was known for his work in crime, adventure, and action genre films, often focusing on aviation themes, a particular passion  He also directed several well-regarded satirical comedies  His 1927 film, Wings, was the first film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony Beginning his film career as an actor, he went on to direct over 80 films, at times co-credited as producer and consultant, from the silent era through the Golden Age of Hollywood  He was nominated for four Academy Awards: three Best Director Oscars for the original A Star Is Born (1937), Battleground (1949), and The High and the Mighty (1954) and one in Best Original Story for A Star is Born, which he won  In 1973, he received the Directors Guild of America's Lifetime Achievement Award  He was previously a decorated combat pilot during World War I, serving in the Lafayette Flying Corps of the French Air Force, and earning a Croix de Guerre with two palms for valorous action 

Early life
Wellman was born in Brookline, Massachusetts  His father, Arthur Gouverneur Wellman, was a Boston Brahmin  William was a five times great-grandson of Puritan Thomas Wellman, who emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony circa 1640   He was also a great-great-great-grandson of Welsh-born Francis Lewis of New York, one of the signatories to the Declaration of Independence  Wellman's mother, Cecilia McCarthy, was an Irish immigrant   
During his teenage years, Wellman often found himself in trouble with authorities  He was expelled from Newton High School in Newtonville, Massachusetts for dropping a stink bomb on the principal's head  He was also arrested and placed on probation for car theft  His mother, who actually worked as a probation officer, was asked to address Congress on the subject of juvenile delinquency  Later, young William worked as a salesman, as a general laborer in a lumber yard, and as a player on a minor-league hockey team 

World War I
In World War I, Wellman enlisted in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps to serve as a driver in Europe  While in Paris, Wellman joined the French Foreign Legion and was assigned on December 3, 1917 as a fighter pilot, becoming the first American to join Escadrille N 87 in the Lafayette Flying Corps (not the sub-unit Lafayette Escadrille as usually stated), where he earned himself the nickname "Wild Bill", and was awarded the Croix de Guerre with two palms  N 87, les Chats Noir (Black Cat Group) was stationed at Lunéville in the Alsace-Lorraine sector and was equipped with Nieuport 17 and later Nieuport 24 "pursuit" aircraft  Wellman's combat experience culminated in three recorded "kills", along with five probables, although he was ultimately shot down by German anti-aircraft fire on March 21, 1918  Wellman survived the crash but he walked with a pronounced limp for the rest of his life Wellman's air-combat credits include the following in 1918:
January 19: a German "Rumpler" shot down in front of American lines in Lorraine by Wellman and Thomas Hitchcock 
January 20: a German "Rumpler" shot down near German airfield at Mamy, France; pilot killed/gunner escaped
March 8: forced two observers to jump from an observation balloon (attack unsuccessful; balloon taken down)
March 9: fired on a German "Rumpler" over Parroy; plane escaped, but rear gunner killed 
March 9: shot down a German "Rumpler"; killed rear gunner; pilot killed by airman Ruamps 
March 9: shot down a German "Albatros"; pilot killed; plane fell into American lines
March 17: shot down at least two +one[?] German patrol planes; not confirmed as fight took place over German lines 
March 18: shot down a German "Rumpler;" not confirmed as fight took place over German lines Maréchal des logis (Sergeant) Wellman received a medical discharge from the Foreign Legion and returned to the United States a few weeks later



ground_truth: Revolt Of The Praetorians

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died later, The Great Man'S Lady or La Belle Américaine?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  He spoke at War Savings Stamp rallies in his French uniform  In September 1918 his book about French flight school and his eventful four months at the front, Go Get 'Em! (written by Wellman with the help of Eliot Harlow Robinson), was published  He joined the United States Army Air Service, but was too late to fly for America in the war  Stationed at Rockwell Field in San Diego, he taught combat tactics to new pilots 

Film career
While in San Diego, Wellman flew to Hollywood for the weekends in his Spad fighter, using Douglas Fairbanks' polo field in Bel Air as a landing strip  Fairbanks was fascinated with the true-life adventures of "Wild Bill" and promised to recommend him for a job in the movie business; he was responsible for Wellman being cast in the juvenile lead of The Knickerbocker Buckaroo (1919)  Wellman was hired for the role of a young officer in Evangeline (1919), but he was fired for slapping Miriam Cooper, the film's star and also the wife of the production’s director, Raoul Walsh 

Wellman hated being an actor, thinking it an "unmanly" profession, and was miserable watching himself on screen while learning the craft  He soon switched to working behind the camera, aiming to be a director, and progressed up the line as "a messenger boy, as an assistant cutter, an assistant property man, a property man, an assistant director, second unit director and eventually   director " His first assignment as an assistant director for Bernie Durning provided him with a work ethic that he adopted for future film work  One strict rule that Durning enforced was no fraternization with screen femme fatales, which almost immediately Wellman broke, leading to a confrontation and a thrashing from the director  Despite his transgression, both men became lifelong friends, and Wellman steadily progressed to more difficult first unit assignments Wellman made his uncredited directorial debut in 1920 at Fox with The Twins of Suffering Creek  The first films he was credited with directing were The Man Who Won and Second Hand Love, released on the same day in 1923  After directing a dozen low-budget 'horse opera' films, Wellman was hired by Paramount in 1927 to direct Wings, a major war drama dealing with fighter pilots during World War I that was highlighted by air combat and flight sequences  The film culminates with the epic Battle of Saint-Mihiel  In the 1st Academy Awards it was one of two films to win Best Picture (the other was Sunrise), although, due to tensions within the studio regarding time and budget overages, Wellman wasn't invited to the event Wellman's other films include The Public Enemy (1931), the first version of A Star Is Born (1937), Nothing Sacred (1937), Beau Geste (1939) starring Gary Cooper, Thunder Birds (1942), The Ox-Bow Incident (1943), Lady of Burlesque (1943), The Story of G I  Joe (1945), The Iron Curtain (1948), Battleground (1949) and two films starring and co-produced by John Wayne, Island in the Sky (1953) and The High and the Mighty (1954) While he was primarily a director, Wellman also produced 10 films, one of them uncredited, all of which he also directed  His last film was Lafayette Escadrille (1958), which he produced, directed, wrote the story for and narrated  He wrote the screenplay for two other films that he directed, and one film that he did not direct: 1936's The Last Gangster  Wellman wrote the story for A Star Is Born and (with Robert Carson) received the Academy Award for Best Story  Wellman is credited for the story in the remakes released in 1954, 1976, and 2018  Wellman's work was influenced by his good friend and fellow film director Howard Hawks, with whom he rode motorcycles together in a group called the Moraga Spit and Polish Club  Wellman reportedly worked fast, usually satisfied with a shot after one or two takes  Despite his reputation for not coddling his leading men and women, he coaxed Oscar-nominated performances from seven actors: Fredric March and Janet Gaynor (A Star Is Born), Brian Donlevy (Beau Geste), Robert Mitchum (The Story of G I  Joe), James Whitmore (Battleground), and Jan Sterling and Claire Trevor (The High and Mighty)  Regarding actors, Wellman in a 1952 interview stated, "Movie stardom isn't about acting ability, it's personality and temperament"  He then added, "I once directed Clara Bow  She was mad and crazy but what a personality!"

Innovations
Wings led to several firsts in filmmaking including newly invented camera mounts that could be secured to plane fuselages and motor-driven cameras to shoot actors while flying as the cameramen ducked out of frame in their cockpits  Star Richard Arlen had some flying experience but co-star Buddy Rogers had to learn to fly for the film, as stunt pilots could not be used during close-up shots  Towers up to 100 feet were used to shoot low-flying planes and battle action on the ground During the filming of Beggars of Life, a silent film starring Wallace Beery, Richard Arlen and Louise Brooks, sound was added to Beery's introductory scene at the behest of Paramount Studio  Wellman reportedly hung a microphone from a broom so Beery could walk and talk within the scene, avoiding the static shot required for early sound shoots  During the filming of Chinatown Nights (1929), he sat under the camera on a dolly with the mic between his legs, essentially inventing a shotgun mic 

Awards
Wellman won a single Academy Award, for the story of A Star Is Born  He was nominated as best director three times: for A Star Is Born, Battleground and The High and Mighty, for which he was also nominated by the Directors Guild of America as best director  In 1973, the DGA honored him with a Lifetime Achievement Award  Copies of both Wings and The Story of G I  Joe are preserved in the Academy Film Archive  Wellman also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 

Personal life and death
Wellman revealed near the end of his life that he had married a French woman named Renee during his time in The Lafayette Flying Corps  She was killed in a bombing raid during the war  Later, between 1918 and 1934, he married four additional times in the United States:

Helene Chadwick: married (1918-1923) separated after a month; later divorced
Margery Chapin (daughter of Frederic Chapin): married (1925-1926); together for a short time; adopted Robert Emmett Tansey's daughter, Gloria 
Marjorie Crawford: married (1930-1933) divorced
Dorothy "Dottie" Coonan: married (March 20, 1934 – 1975); until his death; they had seven children - four daughters, three sons Dorothy starred in Wellman's 1933 film Wild Boys of The Road and had seven children with him, including actors Michael Wellman, William Wellman Jr , Maggie Wellman, and Cissy Wellman  His daughter Kathleen "Kitty" Wellman married actor James Franciscus, although they later divorced  His first daughter is Patty Wellman, and he had a third son, Tim Wellman 
William Wellman died of leukemia in 1975 at his Brentwood home in Los Angeles  He was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at sea  His widow Dorothy, at age 95, died on September 16, 2009 in Brentwood, California 

Career assessments
Decades after Wellman's death, William Jr  wrote two biographies about his father, The Man and His Wings: William A  Wellman and the Making of the First Best Picture (2006) and Wild Bill Wellman—Hollywood Rebel (2015)  Fellow filmmakers have also examined Wellman's career  Richard Schickel in 1973 devoted an episode of his PBS series The Men Who Made the Movies to Wellman, and in 1996, Todd Robinson made the feature-length documentary Wild Bill: Hollywood Maverick 

Selected filmography
See also
List of ambulance drivers during World War I



ground_truth: La Belle Américaine