prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is Henri Ii, Duke Of Nemours's paternal grandfather?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen (6 August 1843 – 11 November 1919) was the daughter of Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and his wife Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel  She was the mother of Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 

Family and early life
Augusta was the only daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen  Her only sibling was Georg, who would succeed their father in 1866  Georg was seventeen years older than she was Augusta's paternal grandparents were Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg  Her maternal grandparents were William II, Elector of Hesse and Princess Augusta of Prussia, daughter of Frederick William II of Prussia 
Like her brother, Augusta was born in Meiningen  Despite the large age difference, they seemed to have a good relationship  He was a great lover of theatre; in 1856, he wrote his parents stating how happy he was that Augusta was allowed to attend the theatre and how their mother was more tolerant than she had been when he was a child, when she had declared that no child under thirteen should be allowed in the theatre 

Marriage
On 15 October 1862, Augusta married Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg in Meiningen  He was fourteen years older, and was a younger son of Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Marie Luise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  They had five children:

Honours
Ernestine duchies: Insignia of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
 Kingdom of Bavaria: Dame of the Order of Theresa, in Diamonds
 Russian Empire: Grand Cross of St  Catherine

Ancestry
Passage 2:
Henri I, Duke of Nemours
== Biography ==
Henri of Savoy (French: Henri de Savoie) (2 November 1572 – 10 July 1632), called originally Marquis de Saint-Sorlin, was the son of Jacques of Savoy and Anna d'Este, the widow of François de Lorraine, Duke of Guise  He succeeded his brother Charles Emmanuel as Duke of Nemours 
In 1588 he took the marquisate of Saluzzo from the French for his cousin, the Duke of Savoy  The princes of Guise, his half-brothers, induced him to join the League, and in 1591 he was made governor of Dauphiné in the name of that faction  He made his submission to Henry IV in 1596  After quarrelling with the duke of Savoy he withdrew to Burgundy and joined the Spaniards in their war against Savoy  After peace had been proclaimed on November 14, 1616, he retired to the French court After his death, he was succeeded by his eldest son, Louis; on the death of Louis in 1641 by his second son Charles Amadeus; and on Charles's death in 1651 by his third son Henri   All three were the sons of his wife Anne de Lorraine (1600–1638), daughter of Charles de Lorraine, Duke of Aumale 
Passage 3:
Henri II, Duke of Nemours
Henri of Savoy (7 November 1625, Paris – 4 January 1659, Paris) was the seventh Duc de Nemours (1652–59), and was also Count of Geneva 
Henri, as the third son of Henri de Savoie, 4th Duc de Nemours, was not expected to succeed to the dukedom and entered the priesthood   By 1651, he had become Archbishop of Reims   When his brothers Louis and Charles both predeceased him without leaving sons, he was relieved of his vows and became Duc de Nemours in 1652   He married Marie d'Orleans (daughter of Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville and Louise de Bourbon) in 1657, but died two years later without children   On his death, the title of Duke of Nemours reverted to the Crown   He was succeeded as Count of Geneva by his niece, Marie Jeanne Baptiste de Savoie, Duchess of Savoy 
Passage 4:
Jacques, Duke of Nemours
Jacques de Savoie, duc de Nemours (12 October 1531 – 15 June 1585) was a French military commander, governor and Prince Étranger  Having inherited his titles at a young age, Nemours fought for king Henri II during the latter Italian Wars, seeing action at the siege of Metz and the stunning victories of Renty and Calais in 1554 and 1558  Already a commander of French infantry, he received promotion to commander of the light cavalry after the capture of Calais in 1558  A year prior he had accompanied François, Duke of Guise on his entry into Italy, as much for the purpose of campaigning as to escape the king's cousin Antoine of Navarre who was threatening to kill him for his extra-marital pursuit of Navarre's cousin 
In 1559 Henri II died during a joust, and was succeeded by his young son François II  The new administration, led by the Guise due to François' young age was plagued with religious and financial difficulties, that emboldened a conspiracy to form against it  Nemours played a key role in crushing the Conspiracy of Amboise, capturing several of the leaders, and infamously promising the baron de Castelnau that if he surrendered no harm would come to him, the baron shortly thereafter being executed despite the pleas of many nobles  
The following year he involved himself in a conspiracy to spirit away the 10-year-old Anjou from court, so that he could be 'raised in Catholic environs'  The plot was uncovered, and facing arrest, Nemours fled from court  The case against him collapsed, however, as the only evidence was the word of the young prince  Around this time a case was also looming against him for his relationship indiscretions  Françoise de Rohan being distraught that he had given her a child without fulfilling his promise to marry her, the case would gestate for the next four years until the archbishop of Lyon ruled in his favour in 1565, allowing him to marry the widowed Anne d'Este the following year  
Nemours fought during the first war of religion, fighting the baron des Adrets around Lyon and the Dauphiné  With the death of the Marshal Saint-André on the field of Dreux in December, he became the governor of the Lyonnais, an office he would hold for the next nine years before resigning it in favour of his lieutenant-general François de Mandelot 
Nemours remained close with the Guise, supporting them in their feud with the Montmorency over the assassination of the duke of Guise without notable results  Nemours was with the court during the Surprise of Meaux and successfully counselled the court to make a flight to Paris  While besieged in Paris the following month, he aided in breaking the ring the Protestants had set up around the city before Anne de Montmorency's victory at the battle of Saint Denis  With Montmorency's death on the field, the young prince, whom Nemours had once tried to lure away from court, Anjou, became lieutenant-general of the army  To support him in the practicalities of conducting the campaign Nemours was among those chosen as his advisers  During the third war of religion, Nemours was tasked with assisting Claude, Duke of Aumale, the late duke of Guise's brother in blocking an entry into France by a German mercenary force in favour of the Protestant army  Aumale and Nemours found themselves too consumed in bickering to effectively block the force, and it linked up with the main Protestant body 
By the 1570s Nemours moved away from active politics and military command  Having resigned his governorship, he devoted himself more fully to matters of the arts  Though he was suspected of involvement in the Ligues after 1576, the king was satisfied with his swearing that he did not desire the overturn of the Peace of Monsieur  In 1585, he died, and was succeeded as duke of Nemours by his son 

Early life and family
Nemours, born in 1531, was the son of Philippe, Duke of Nemours, the first holder of the title and Charlotte d'Orléans, and became Duke of Nemours on his father's death in 1533 As early as 1555 Nemours was courting Françoise de Rohan, and had given her the impression he was seeking marriage  Even now however, he was also showing interest in the duke of Guise's wife, causing much scandal at court  By 1556 Françoise had become pregnant, and tearfully pled with Nemours to go through with his promise of marrying her but he refused  The Guise, who wished to remain close with Nemours despite his indiscretions, promised him that he could marry Lucrecia d'Este instead  Upon the death of her husband Anne d'Este was left widowed  In 1565 she was ready to marry again, and married Nemours at St Maur-des-Fosses in May 1566  The king provided the majority of the dowry to secure the marriage  Nemours looked to the church to handle the situation with Françoise due to his promise to marry her  He was able to void this arrangement, to proceed with his planned marriage of Anne, much to the fury of the Rohan and Catherine de Medici  The daughter of Duke Ercole II of Ferrara and Renée of France, Anne brought with her to the marriage the county of Gisors, a title she would continue to hold until her own death in 1607 Together they had the following issue:
Charles Emmanuel (1567–1595)
Marguerite (1569–1572)
Henry I (1572–1632)
Emmanuel PhilibertBack in 1561 Nemours' scandalous behaviour regarding Françoise had been the subject of litigation as she attempted to sue Nemours into marrying her, having made her pregnant  Supporting her was her cousin Jeanne d'Albret, and Antoine of Navarre, though he withdrew his support that year  Back in 1557 he had sworn to kill Nemours and all his friends for the duke's behaviour  In 1566 the Archbishop of Lyon ruled against Françoise, and the court endorsed the ruling  Albret was furious, challenging the competence of all the members of the council that she could to rule on the case  She urged the Parlement of Paris to have jurisdiction over the case, however they refused as legally it had been sequestered from them to the attention of the king's council In 1571, 5 years after the marriage of Nemours and d'Este, the Pope endorsed the decision of the archbishop of Lyon, leading Françoise to formally convert to Protestantism The child of this illegitimate pregnancy was Henri de Savoie, comte de Genevois 

Reign of Henri II
Italian wars
Nemours fought in the recently resumed Italian Wars in 1552, fighting at the spectacular victory of the defence of Metz and the siege of Lens where he distinguished himself  In the following years he fought at the shocking French victory of the Battle of Renty in 1554 and then in Piedmont the following year In late 1556, the French invaded Italy in support of the Pope  Nemours travelled with the expedition as commander of the infantry  Alongside the usual benefits of campaign it afforded him some distance from Navarre, who wanted him dead  The campaign would achieve little of note, becoming mired in the intrigues of Italian politics  With François, Duke of Guise's remarkable capture of Calais, the king was in the mood to hand out favours to those who had participated in the victory  Claude, Duke of Aumale was made governor of Piedmont, leaving his post at the head of the light cavalry vacant  Nemours was thus granted the privilege of commander of the light cavalry in Aumale's stead 

Peace
To celebrate the end of the Italian Wars with the peace of Cateau-Cambrésis it was decided to host a joust  Henri, always a lover of martial sports, decided to participate  Also participating were François I, Duke of Nevers, Guise and Nemours  Nemours and Guise both rode against the king, Henri getting the better of his nobles in both engagements  It would be at this event that during a joust against Montgommery, the captain of his Scots Guard, Henri would be killed as a splinter of his opponent's lance embedded itself in his head 

Reign of François II
The new Guise-led administration that formed for the young François II of France was faced with a kingdom in financial and religious crisis  Opposition on both of these impetuses coalesced into the Conspiracy of Amboise where an array of nobles sought to seize the king and kill his advisers  The Guise became aware of this conspiracy, and prepared to respond militarily on its launch  Nemours, fresh off the capture of Mazères and Raunay, was tasked with reducing a château held by the baron de Castelnau, one of the ringleaders  His forces surrounded the château du Noizay but decided it would be more advantageous to reduce the fortified residence through negotiation  In an interview with the baron he was able to convince him to come peacefully, in return for a promise 'on his honour' that neither Castelnau or his followers would be executed  The administration would not however honour this promise Nemours made, either due to disinterest or due to him not mentioning it to the court  As such despite the protestations of many Catholic nobles, including Anne d'Este a man of 'good birth' would be put to death 

Reign of Charles IX
Ousted from government by the death of the young king in December 1560, the Guise retreated from court, conscious that they were unlikely to receive much office or favours under the new formal regency for Charles IX  Accompanying them on their departure in January were Nemours and Longueville 

Conspiracy
To many Catholics the environment in which the young princes were being raised appeared far too Protestant  To this end a plot was devised to spirit the young Anjou away from court so that he could be raised in properly Catholic environs such as Savoy  Nemours was implicated as a leader in this attempted conspiracy  To encourage the young prince away from the court, Nemours had enlisted the young Henri de Guise, to draw his playmate away  Having gained awareness of the plot, Catherine questioned her child as to who had tried to persuade him to leave court; the 10-year-old implicated Nemours on 29 October  Shortly thereafter Catherine ordered Nemours' arrest, and he fled court  However as she began to pursue a case against them, it became apparent that the only testimony in support would be from a 10-year-old child; as such the case against Nemours was dropped shortly thereafter and he was given permission to return to court With the departure of the Guise and their allies from the court for the second time in October 1561, Nemours was among those who joined them on their exodus  The motive for the departure was not purely religious but also factional, with Longueville, a long-time associate of the Guise, departing also, despite his Protestantism  In total their retinue numbered 700 horse, a large section of the nobility gathered at court  Their departure, alongside that of Anne de Montmorency left the regency government of Catherine de Medici with a precariously thin base of support, propped up only by the Bourbon-Vendôme and the Châtillon 

First war of religion
During the first civil war, Nemours attempted to reduce the city of Lyon which had risen up in support of the prince of Condé  He fought with the baron des Adrets in Dauphiné, and in December was in the process of negotiating a favourable truce with the infamous commander which would have seen him secure the defection of the rebel army  However, Adrets' subordinates learned of the negotiations and had him arrested  In the major field battle of the war at Dreux, the governor of the Lyonnais, Beaujolais and Forez, Marshal Saint-André was murdered on the field after having surrendered  This left a vacancy for his governate, which was to be filled by Nemours In the wake of the Edict of Amboise which brought the first civil war to a close with the provision of limited toleration to Protestants the crown desired to reconcile the factions to ensure internal peace  To this end they courted Condé, hoping to foster his loyalty  Catherine de Medici informed Anne d'Este that she had successfully reconciled Condé with Nemours and Cardinal Guise, brother of the late duke 

Feud
During the final siege of the first war of religion, the duke of Guise had been assassinated  The family blamed Gaspard II de Coligny for ordering the hit and were determined to pursue 'justice' against the Admiral  Coligny for his part came under the protection of his uncle Montmorency, who re-opened his rivalry with the Guise in defence of his nephew  In an attempt to gain the upper hand, the Guise arranged for a petition to court, from many leading nobles, arguing for the right to open a case against Coligny  Nemours was among the signatories, however the court proved uninterested, and formally suspended any investigation into the murder in early 1564 

Governor
As governor of the Lyonnais, Nemours was keen to patronise 'men of letters' and other centres of learning within his governate  As the crown increasingly loomed on the cusp of bankruptcy, the distribution of funds to its regional governors became more erratic and rare  By 1565 Nemours had accumulated 140,000 livres of debts for unpaid pensions and salaries during his tenure as governor  It was hoped by governors that these debts would be satisfied by the court when it had greater funds 

Second war of religion
Frustrated at their declining influence in court, and the increasingly restrictive direction royal policy was moving in regarding Protestantism, the leading Protestants again plotted a coup  Their aim was to seize the king while he was staying at Meaux, and to kill Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine  Their attempt was a failure and the king was able to retreat with the court to Paris after some debate  While Hôpital, the chancellor, had argued in favour of relying on the fortifications at Meaux, Nemours and Guise advocated a flight to Paris and convinced the court successfully  As they fled, they were pursued by the Protestant forces, who adapted their plan to a siege of Paris  To this end they began trying to invest the city, while Anne de Montmorency assembled an army inside for a breakout  While Montmorency was busy building an army, Nemours was among those commanders trying to relieve pressure on the city  On 7 November he successfully captured a river crossing that was vital to a successful siege of Paris  Several days later Montmorency was ready and broke out of the city, besting the Protestant army at Saint-Denis on 10 November 
During the battle of Saint-Denis, Montmorency would be killed, leaving the office of Constable of France and role as chief of the crown's military vacant  The crown had little desire to see another powerful noble family control this critical post; as such, to replace him, the king's brother Anjou was selected to lead the crown's war effort  While closer to the family, Anjou was still a child, and as such to provide him military guidance, and to actually lead the army in the field, a selection of loyal nobles were chosen  Artus de Cossé-Brissac the recently promoted Marshal, the king's cousin Louis, Duke of Montpensier and Nemours were chosen for this important role, with Cossé in overall charge 

Third war of religion
At the outset of the third war of religion, the Protestants had consolidated their movement in the south west as opposed to fighting in the north as they had previously  Nevertheless the crown was conscious that Louis of Nassau was seeking to enter France with an army from the Spanish Netherlands; to this end Charles instructed Nemours to assemble an army for the defence of Paris, however Nassau was bested at the border  In early 1569, it became clear that the duke of Zweibrücken was intending to cross into France in support of the Protestant nobility that was gathered in the west  To this end the court, little desiring to see a conjunction between the two forces, assembled a second army  Aumale was tasked with leading the blocking force in Champagne, with forces from the Rhône valley under Nemours to support him in this effort  The two commanders did not get along, and their constant conflict enabled Zweibrücken to slip past them through the Franche-Comté and establish contact with the Protestants under Gaspard II de Coligny  The mutinous remains of their combined army linked with the main royal force under the king's brother Anjou at Limoges 

Withdrawal
By 1571, Nemours wished to resign his governorship of the Lyonnais  He chose to do so in favour of his lieutenant-general in the region, and former page François de Mandelot  This arrangement had been very unusual in the early 16th century, with the choice of governors defaulting to the crown on the resignation or death of a sitting governor; however by the 1560s it was becoming increasingly common  Mandelot would govern the Lyonnais until his death in 1588 

Reign of Henri III
Malcontents
By 1575 Protestants were no longer the only ones in rebellion, as the Malcontent movement swept up many politiques who wished for religious compromise to secure stability in the kingdom  Nevers warned the king's younger brother Alençon, not to take the opportunity presented, saying that those who rebelled against the authority of the king did not triumph  Yet Alençon saw this movement as conducive to his own power, and aligned himself with the Malcontents, releasing a manifesto in which he denounced the influence of 'foreigners' and calling for their exclusion from the estates general  By this term he referred to the Guise, who were from Lorraine, and the duke of Nevers and Nemours, both of whom were of Italian descent  While Alençon would succeed in securing favourable terms for himself in the Peace of Monsieur, Nemours and Nevers would remain active in court life 

Ligue
In response to the generous Peace of Monsieur which brought the fifth war of religion to a close, militant Catholics reacted with fury  Many across France began forming religious leagues, the most popular model of which was that created by Jacques d'Humières in Peronne which began to spread across France  Henri suspected the involvement of Henri, Duke of Guise, Charles, Duke of Mayenne and Nemours as ringleaders of this ligue and made them all swear oaths to abide by the terms of the peace of Monsieur  Frustrated at his continued inability to contain the movement, he declared himself to be at its head, and was compelled by the Estates General of 1576 to void the peace and make war on the Protestants again Having primarily devoted his final years to letters and art, he died at Annecy in 1585 

Ancestry
Passage 5:
Jean d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours
Jean d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours (1467–1500) was the son of Jacques d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours and Louise of Anjou  His father's possessions were confiscated on his execution in 1477, but Jean was restored to Nemours and the family's other lands in 1484  He led a dissipated life, and his siblings sued him to prevent him from alienating the family lands to pay his debts  In 1489, he traded the viscounties of Carlat and Murat to Peter II, Duke of Bourbon for the county of l'Isle-Jourdain 
He married Yolande de La Haye (d  1517) in 1492, but had no children  He was succeeded by his brother Louis, Count of Guise 
Passage 6:
Maria of Brabant, Duchess of Bavaria
Maria of Brabant (1226–1256) was a daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and Maria of Swabia  She married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria, being the first of three wives 

Background
Maria was the daughter of Duke Henry II of Brabant and Lorraine from his first marriage to Maria of Swabia, daughter of King Philip of Swabia  The younger Maria's siblings included Henry III, Duke of Brabant and Matilda of Brabant  After her mother's death her father married Sophie of Thuringia; from this marriage she gained two half-siblings, including Henry I of Hesse 

Betrothals and marriage
On 2 August 1254, Maria married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria  The couple were married for only two years, during which time they had no children 

Execution
Maria was executed by beheading in Donauwörth in 1256 after having been accused of adultery by her husband  It was later determined that Louis had not proven his case, and in fact had not presented any valid evidence of adultery; as penance, he founded the Cistercian friary Fürstenfeld Abbey (Fürstenfeldbruck) near Munich 
Different sources give varying accounts  According to the chronicle of Esiah Wilpacher, Louis was at war with the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg  Maria's confessor, allegedly in league with the bishop, persuaded her to write her husband requesting he end the siege and return home  When this failed, she then wrote to one of his vassals, who being away from camp, Louis received the letter  Recognizing the handwriting, he read it and construed it as indicating she was having an affair Over time a great many tales of folklore sprang up around Louis' deed, most of them written long after his death: Ballad-mongers embellished the tale into a murderous frenzy during which Louis allegedly not only killed his wife after having ridden home for five days and nights, but also stabbed the messenger who brought him the wrong letter; then upon entering his castle, stabbed his own castellan and a court lady and threw his wife's maid from the battlements, before he massacred his wife either by stabbing her or cutting off her head  More restrained chronicles support the account of Marie's execution on 18 January 1256 at Mangoldstein Castle in Donauwörth by ducal decree for alleged adultery, but nothing beyond that 
Maria is said to be the basis for the legendary Genevieve of Brabant in Dutch folklore 
Passage 7:
Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti
Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (11 October 1629 – 26 February 1666), was a French nobleman, the younger son of Henri II, Prince of Condé and Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Montmorency  He was the brother of le Grand Condé and Anne Geneviève, Duchess of Longueville  As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, he was a Prince du Sang 

Early life
The title of Prince of Conti was revived in his favor at the time of his birth in 1629  With the title Armand also inherited the Château de L'Isle-Adam and its estate, which had been passed down to his mother Charlotte Marguerite after the death of her brother, Henri II de Montmorency  He was destined for a clerical career and studied theology at the university of Bourges, but although he received several benefices, including the abbeys of Cluny and Saint Denis, he did not take orders  He played a conspicuous part in the intrigues and fighting of the Fronde, became in 1648 commander-in-chief of the rebel army, and in 1650 was with his brother (Condé) and brother-in-law (Longueville) imprisoned at Vincennes 

Life in prison
Said to be "mystic" and "full of strange ideas", Conti turned slightly mad while in prison  Having a secret passion for his sister the Duchess of Longueville, he invented tricks to make her notice him  He tried alchemy and potions for some time and eventually bruised himself with a spatula  This episode was ultimately fortunate for him because he could no longer be refused external help from physicians, some of whom would pass letters and pleas to the outside world which speeded up his eventual release 

Later life
Released when Cardinal Mazarin went into exile, he wished to marry Charlotte-Marie de Lorraine (1627–1652), the second daughter of Madame de Chevreuse, the confidante of the queen, Anne of Austria (wife of King Louis XIII of France), but was prevented from doing so by his brother Condé, who was now supreme in the state  He was concerned in the Fronde of 1651, but soon afterwards became reconciled with Cardinal Mazarin, and in 1654, married the cardinal's niece, Anne Marie Martinozzi, as well as secured the government of Guienne  They had two sons, Louis Armand and François Louis 
He took command of the army, which in 1654, invaded Spain through Catalonia, where he captured three towns from the Spanish  He afterwards led the French forces in Italy, but after his defeat before Alessandria in 1657, he retired to Languedoc, where he devoted himself to study and mysticism until his death At Clermont, Conti had been a fellow student of Molière's, from whom he secured an introduction to the court of King Louis XIV, but afterwards, when writing a treatise against the stage entitled, Traité de la comédie et des spectacles selon les traditions de l'Église (Paris, 1667), he charged the dramatist with keeping a school of atheism  Conti also wrote Lettres sur la grâce, and Du devoir des grands et des devoirs des gouverneurs de province Conti died on 26 February 1666 at Pézenas in Languedoc, France 

Issue
Armand married Anne Marie Martinozzi, the daughter of Girolamo Martinozzi and Laura Margherita Mazzarini, elder sister of Cardinal Mazarin  They had the following children:

Louis de Bourbon (1658), died in infancy 
Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (1661–1685), married Marie Anne de Bourbon, the eldest legitimised daughter of King Louis XIV and his mistress, Louise de La Vallière, and died childless 
François Louis, Prince of Conti (1664–1709), known as "le Grand Conti", married Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, daughter of Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (Armand's nephew), and had issue 

Ancestry
Passage 8:
Denis Sauvage
Denis Sauvage (1520–1587) was a French translator, historian, publisher, philologist, and historiographer at the service of Henry II of Henri II 

Publications
History
Sommaire des histoires du royaume de Naples : qui traicte de toutes choses advenues en iceluy, composé premièrement en langage italien par M  Pandolfo Collenuccio, et depuis n'aguères mis en françois par Denis Sauvage, avecques annotations (1546 ; 1553)
Les Annales et croniques de France, jadis composées par feu maistre Nicole Gilles, imprimées nouvellement sur la correction du signeur Denis Sauvage, et additionnées jusques à cest an mil cinq cens cinquante trois (1553)
Les Mémoires de messire Philippe de Commines, chevalier, seigneur d'Argenton : sur les principaux faicts, & gestes de Louis onziéme & de Charles huictiéme, son filz, Roys de France, Reveus & corrigés, pour la seconde fois, par Denis Sauvage de Fontenailles en Brie, historiographe de très-chrestien roy Henry IIe de ce nom (1559 ; 1561 ; 1581)  Texte en ligne : [1] et [2]
Le premier volume de l'Histoire et cronique de Messire Iehan Froissart, reveu et corrigé sus divers exemplaires et suyvant les bons auteurs, par Denis Sauvage, le second volume de l'Histoire et cronique de Messire Iehan Froissart ; le tiers volume de l'Histoire et cronique de Messire Iehan Froissart ; le quart volume de l'Histoire et cronique de Messire Iehan Froissart (1559–60)  Texte en ligne : [3]
Cronique de Flandres, anciennement composée par auteur incertain et nouvellement mise en lumière (1562) 
Les Mémoires de messire Olivier de La Marche, premier maistre d'hostel de l'archeduc Philippe d'Austriche, comte de Flandres (1562)
Les Croniques et annales de France composées par feu maistre Nicole Gilles, nouvellement imprimées sur la correction de maistre Denis Sauvage, et additionnées jusques au roy Charles neufiesme à présent régnant (1571)

Translations
La Circé de M  Giovan Baptista Gello, nouvellement mise en françois (1550)
Philosophie d'amour de M  Léon Hébreu, traduite d'italien en françois (1577 ; 1580 ; 1590 ; 1893)  Read online : [4]
Histoire de Paolo Giovio, sur les choses faictes et avenues de son temps en toutes les parties du monde, traduictes du latin en françois (2 volumes, 1581)
Opuscule des vertus et notables faictes des femmes, de Plutarque, 1546 
Passage 9:
Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours
Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours (1472; Normandy, France – 28 April 1503; Cerignola, Italy), was a French nobleman, politician and military commander who served as Viceroy of Naples during the Third Italian War (1502-1504)  He was known for most of his life as the Count of Guise, and inherited the Duchy of Nemours following his brother Jean's death in 1500 

Family
Louis was the third son of Jacques d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours and Louise of Anjou  In 1491, he was made Count of Guise, a title last held by his uncle Charles IV, Duke of Anjou  Upon the death of his elder brother Jean in 1500, he became Duke of Nemours 

Viceroy of Naples
Louis was made  viceroy of Naples in 1501, during the Third Italian War (1502-1504)  He was killed at the battle of Cerignola on 28 April 1503 

Notes
Sources
Cuttler, S  H  (2003)  The Law of Treason and Treason Trials in Later Medieval France  Cambridge University Press 
Potter, David (2008)  Renaissance France at war: Armies, Culture and Society, c 1480-1560  Boydell Press 
Passage 10:
Philip, Duke of Nemours
Philip of Savoy, Duke of Nemours (1490 – 25 November 1533) was a French nobleman   He was a son of Philip II, Duke of Savoy, and his second wife Claudine de Brosse  He was a half-brother of Louise of Savoy, the mother of Francis I of France  He was the founder of the Nemours branch of the house of Savoy which eventually settled in France 
Originally destined for the priesthood, he was given the bishopric of Geneva at the age of five, but resigned it in 1510, when he was made count of Genevois  He served under Louis XII, with whom he was present at the battle of Agnadello (1509), under the emperor Charles V in 1520, and finally under his nephew, Francis I 
In 1528 Francis gave him the duchy of Nemours and married him to Charlotte of Orleans, a daughter of  Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville  They had two children:

Joanna (1532–1568), who married Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur as his second wife, and had 6 children with him, and
Jacques, Duke of Nemours
Context 2: Passage 1:
S  N  Mathur
S N  Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980  He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab 
Passage 2:
Sweepstakes (film)
Sweepstakes is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Albert S  Rogell from a screenplay written by Lew Lipton and Ralph Murphy  The film stars Eddie Quillan, James Gleason, Marian Nixon,  Lew Cody, and Paul Hurst, which centers around the travails and romances of jockey Buddy Doyle, known as the "Whoop-te-doo Kid" for his trademark yell during races  Produced by the newly formed RKO Pathé Pictures, this was the first film Charles R  Rogers would produce for the studio, after he replaced William LeBaron as head of production  The film was released on July 10, 1931, through RKO Radio Pictures 

Plot
Bud Doyle is a jockey who has discovered the secret to get his favorite mount, Six-Shooter, to boost his performance  If he simply chants the phrase, "Whoop-te-doo", the horse responds with a burst of speed  There is a special bond between the jockey and his mount, but there is increasing tension between Doyle and the horse's owner, Pop Blake (who also raised Doyle), over Doyle's relationship with local singer Babe Ellis  Blake sees Ellis as a distraction prior to the upcoming big race, the Camden Stakes 
The owner of the club where Babe sings, Wally Weber, has his eyes on his horse winning the Camden Stakes  When the issues between Pop and Doyle come to a head, Pop tells Doyle that he has to choose: either he stops seeing Babe, or he'll be replaced as Six-Shooter's jockey in the big race  Angry and frustrated, Doyle quits  Weber approaches him to become the jockey for Rose Dawn, Weber's horse, and Doyle agrees, with the precondition that he not ride Royal Dawn in the Camden Stakes, for he wants Six-Shooter to still win the race   Weber accedes to that one precondition, however, on the day of the race, he makes it clear that Doyle is under contract, and that he will ride Rose Dawn in the race 
Upset, Doyle has no choice but to ride Rose Dawn   However, during the race, he manages to chant his signature "Whoop-te-doo" to Six-Shooter, causing his old mount to win the race  Furious that his horse lost, Weber goes to the judges, who rule that Doyle threw the race, pulling back on Rose Dawn, to allow Six-Shooter to win, and suspend Doyle from horse-racing 
Devastated, Doyle wanders from town to town, riding in small local races, until his identity is uncovered, and he is forced to move on   Soon, he is out of racing all together, and forced to taking one odd-job after another   Eventually, he ends up south of the border, in Tijuana, Mexico, working as a waiter  Doyle's friend, Sleepy Jones, hears of Doyle's plight  Jones gets the racing commission to lift the ban, by proving Doyle's innocence   He then, accompanied by Babe, gets a group to buy Six-Shooter from Pop, and they take the horse down to Tijuana, where there is another big race in the near future, the Tijuana Handicap 
Doyle is reluctant to ride at first, however, he is eventually cajoled into it by Sleepy and Babe, and of course, his bond with Six-Shooter is there   He rides the horse to victory, re-establishing his credentials as a rider  The film ends by jumping a few years into the future, which shows Doyle and Babe happily married, with a child of their own 

Cast
(Cast list as per AFI database)
Eddie Quillan as Bud Doyle
Lew Cody as Wally Weber
James Gleason as Sleepy Jones
Marian Nixon as Babe Ellis
King Baggot as Mike
Paul Hurst as Cantina Bartender
Clarence Wilson as Mr  Emory
Frederick Burton as Pop Blake
Billy Sullivan as Speed Martin
Lillian Leighton as Ma Clancy
Mike Donlin as The Dude

Production
Critical response
Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times gave a very non-committal review of this film, with neither much praise or criticism  While he gave no indication of what he thought about the quality of the film, he enjoyed the performances of James Gleason and Lew Cody, and he called Quillan's performance as Doyle "original" 

See also
List of films about horse racing
Passage 3:
Albert S  Rogell
Albert S  Rogell (August 21, 1901 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma - April 7, 1988 Los Angeles, California) was an American film director Rogell directed more than a hundred movies between 1921 and 1958  He was the uncle of producer Sid Rogell 

Filmography
Passage 4:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 5:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 6:
Jason Moore (director)
Jason Moore (born October 22, 1970) is an American director of film, theatre and television 

Life and career
Jason Moore was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and studied at Northwestern University  Moore's Broadway career began as a resident director of Les Misérables at the Imperial Theatre in during its original run  He is the son of Fayetteville District Judge Rudy Moore In March 2003, Moore directed the musical Avenue Q, which opened Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre and then moved to Broadway at the John Golden Theatre in July 2003   He was nominated for a 2004 Tony Award for his direction  Moore also directed productions of the musical in Las Vegas and London and the show's national tour  Moore directed the 2005 Broadway revival of Steel Magnolias and Shrek the Musical, starring Brian d'Arcy James and Sutton Foster which opened on Broadway in 2008  He directed the concert of Jerry Springer — The Opera at Carnegie Hall in January 2008 Moore, Jeff Whitty, Jake Shears, and John "JJ" Garden worked together on a new musical based on Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City  The musical premiered at the American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco, California in May 2011 and ran through July 2011 For television, Moore has directed episodes of Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, Everwood, and Brothers & Sisters  As a writer, Moore adapted the play The Floatplane Notebooks with Paul Fitzgerald from the novel by Clyde Edgerton  A staged reading of the play was presented at the New Play Festival at the Charlotte, North Carolina Repertory Theatre in 1996, with a fully staged production in 1998 In 2012, Moore made his film directorial debut with Pitch Perfect, starring Anna Kendrick and Brittany Snow  He also served as an executive producer on the sequel  He directed the film Sisters, starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, which was released on December 18, 2015  Moore's next project will be directing a live action Archie movie 

Filmography
Films

Pitch Perfect (2012)
Sisters (2015)
Shotgun Wedding (2022)Television

Soundtrack writer

Pitch Perfect 2 (2015) (Also executive producer)
The Voice (2015) (1 episode)
Passage 7:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A



ground_truth: Jacques

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the place of birth of the director of film Sweepstakes (Film)?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 8:
Jesse E  Hobson
Jesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955  Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation 

Early life and education
Hobson was born in Marshall, Indiana  He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology  Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children 

Career
Awards and memberships
Hobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948 
Passage 9:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 10:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 



ground_truth: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died earlier, Mayor Muthanna or The Market Of Souls?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Drew Esocoff
Drew Esocoff (born c  1957) is an American television sports director, who as of 2006 has been the director of NBC Sunday Night Football 

Early life
Esocoff was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, graduating from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1975, later attending Colgate University  While in college he worked as a substitute teacher at Elizabeth High School where one of his students was Todd Bowles 

Career
Esocoff has worked for ESPN and ABC, serving as director for Monday Night Football, SportsCenter, and the NBA Finals, as well as five Super Bowls  Since 2006, he has served as director for NBC Sunday Night Football 
As of 2015, Esocoff has won 11 Emmy Awards 
Passage 2:
G  Marthandan
G  Marthandan is an Indian film director who works in Malayalam cinema  His debut film is Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus

Early life
G  Marthandan was born to M  S  Gopalan Nair and P  Kamalamma at Changanassery in Kottayam district of Kerala  He did his schooling at NSS Boys School Changanassery and completed his bachelor's degree in Economics at NSS Hindu College, Changanassery 

Career
After completing his bachelor's degree, Marthandan entered films as an associate director with the unreleased film Swarnachamaram directed by Rajeevnath in 1995  His next work was British Market, directed by Nissar in 1998  He worked as an associate director for 18 years He made his directional debut with Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus in 2013, starring Mammooty in the lead role  His next movie was in 2015, Acha Dhin, with Mammooty and Mansi Sharma in the lead roles  Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus and Paavada were box office successes 

Filmography
As director
As associate director
As actor
TV serialKanyadanam (Malayalam TV series) - pilot episode

Awards
Ramu Kariat Film Award - Paavada (2016)
JCI Foundation Award - Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus (2013)
Passage 3:
Abhishek Saxena
Abhishek Saxena is an Indian Bollywood and Punjabi film director who directed the movie Phullu  The Phullu movie was released in theaters on 16 June 2017, in which film Sharib Hashmi is the lead role  Apart from these, he has also directed Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi film  This film was screened in cinemas in 2014 

Life and background
Abhishek Saxena was born on 19 September 1988 in the capital of India, Delhi, whose father's name is Mukesh Kumar Saxena  Abhishek Saxena married Ambica Sharma Saxena on 18 December 2014  His mother's name is Gurpreet Kaur Saxena 
Saxena started his career with a Punjabi film Patiala Dreamz, after which he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu, which has appeared in Indian cinemas on 16 June 2017 

Career
Abhishek Saxena made his film debut in 2011 as an assistant director on Doordarshan with Ashok Gaikwad  He made his first directed film Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi movie After this, he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu in 2017, which has been screened in cinemas on 16 June 2017  Saxena is now making his upcoming movie "India Gate" 
In 2018 Abhishek Saxena has come up with topic of body-shaming in his upcoming movie Saroj ka Rishta 
 Where Sanah Kapoor will play the role of Saroj and actors Randeep Rai and Gaurav Pandey will play the two men in Saroj's life Yeh Un Dinon ki Baat Hai lead Randeep Rai will make his Bollywood debut  Talking about the film, director Abhishek Saxena told Mumbai Mirror, "As a fat person, I have noticed that body-shaming doesn’t happen only with those who are on the heavier side, but also with thin people  The idea germinated from there "
Career as an Assistant DirectorApart from this, he has played the role of assistant director in many films and serials in the beginning of his career, in which he has a television serial in 2011, Doordarshan, as well as in 2011, he also assisted in a serial of Star Plus 
In addition to these serials, he played the role of assistant director in the movie "Girgit" which was made in Telugu language 

Filmography
As Director
Passage 4:
Mayor Muthanna
Mayor Muthanna is a 1969 Indian Kannada-language film directed by Siddalingaiah  The film stars Rajkumar and Bharathi  The film was Siddalingaiah's debut as a director and actor Dwarkish's first independent production venture who had earlier co- produced the 1966 movie Mamatheya Bandhana with 2 other people under Thunga Pictures  The sub-plot of the film regarding the salvaging of the sub-standard grain was inspired by the 1886 novel The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy  The movie was remade in Telugu in 1974 as Chairman Chalamayya starring Chalam 

Cast
Soundtrack
The music of the film was composed by the duo Rajan–Nagendra, with lyrics penned by Chi  Udaya Shankar 
Passage 5:
Ben Palmer
Ben Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director 
His television credits include the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta! (2002–2006), the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009–2010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020)  Palmer has also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and the romantic comedy Man Up (2015) 

Biography
Palmer was born and raised in Penny Bridge, Barrow-in-Furness  He attended Chetwynde School His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta!, which he co-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis  Palmer directed the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010, respectively 

Filmography
Bo' Selecta! (2002–06)
Comedy Lab (2004–2010)
Bo! in the USA (2006)
The Inbetweeners (2009–2010)
The Inbetweeners Movie (2011)
Comedy Showcase (2012)
Milton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)
Them from That Thing (2012)
Bad Sugar (2012)
Chickens (2013)
London Irish (2013)
Man Up (2015)
SunTrap (2015)
BBC Comedy Feeds (2016)
Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)
Back (2017)
Comedy Playhouse (2017)
Urban Myths (2017–19)
Click & Collect (2018)
Semi-Detached (2019)
Breeders (2020)
Passage 6:
The Market of Souls
The Market of Souls is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Joe De Grasse and written by John Lynch and C  Gardner Sullivan  The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Holmes Herbert, Philo McCullough, Dorcas Mathews, Donald McDonald, and George Williams  The film was released on September 7, 1919, by Paramount Pictures 

Plot
As described in a film magazine, Helen Armes (Dalton), a nurse, comes to New York City from Albany to visit her married brother  She arrives on New Year's Eve and is immediately added to a cabaret party being made up to include her brother's wife and Lyle Bane (McCullough), a wealthy bachelor  At the cabaret she meets his brother Temple Bane (Herbert), a woman-hater who begins to believe in her  When she wearies of the performance, Lyle takes her home, lures her into his apartment, and attempts familiarities  She escapes but is judged guilty by her sister-in-law, so she leaves at once and goes to the nurse headquarters  Temple arrives and, after being told a lie about Helen's character and the incident, fights with his brother and receives a blow that blinds him  Helen is assigned to his case and she nurses him back to his sight  Being ignorant of her identity, Temple asks Helen for her hand in marriage  When he regains his sight, he then denounces her  She is about to leave when Lyle Bane, who has been reported killed in France while in the American Expeditionary Forces, appears in a supernatural form and tells the truth about the incident in the apartment  Temple and Helen reconcile, and Lyle disappears, with it concluded that he did not return in the flesh but only as a spirit 

Cast
Dorothy Dalton as Helen Armes
Holmes Herbert as Temple Bane
Philo McCullough as Lyle Bane
Dorcas Mathews as Evelyn Howell
Donald McDonald as Herbert Howell
George Williams as Dr  Rodney Nevins

Preservation
A print of the film is held in the Gosfilmofond collection in Moscow 
Passage 7:
S  Siddalingaiah
Siddalingaiah (15 December 1936 – 12 March 2015) was an Indian film director, scriptwriter and producer who worked mainly in the Kannada films  He was well known for his distinct film-making style, and the industry knew him as a master of social themes and rural subject matter  He was one of the most commercially successful directors in the Kannada industry  He began his film career in 1964 as a director with Mayor Muthanna (1969)  In a career that spanned 30 years, he directed over 20 films His most well-known films usually starred matinee idol Rajkumar  They have collaborated 7 times  His most popular works include Bangaarada Manushya, Bhootayyana Maga Ayyu, Nyayave Devaru, Biligiriya Banadalli, Doorada Betta and Bhoolokadalli Yamaraja  In 1993, he was awarded the Puttanna Kanagal Award for his contribution to the Kannada film industry as a director 

Family and early life
Siddalingaiah joined the film industry as both a floor and a spot boy for Navajyothi studios  He became an assistant for director Shanker Singh and later worked as junior actor and assistant as the protégé of B  Vittalacharya 
Siddalingaiah's son Murali was an actor in Tamil films  Murali died on the morning of 8 September 2010 in Chennai due to a massive heart attack  His grandson Atharvaa started his acting career in Baana Kaathadi in 2010 

Career
Siddalingaiah directed Mayor Muthanna in 1969 starring Rajkumar, Bharathi and Dwarakish in his film debut  He cast the same lead pair in Baalu Belagithu, Namma Samsara, Thayi Devaru and Bangaarada Manushya 
After Bangaarda Manushya, he worked with other actors including Vishnuvardhan, Ananth Nag, Lokesh and Srinivasa Murthy  He introduced his son Murali in the 1983 romantic drama Prema Parva  He also directed a Tamil film Puthir in 1986 with Murali as the lead actor  His last film, Prema Prema Prema, was released in 1999 after which he retired from directing 

Death
Siddalingaiah died on 14 March 2015 in Bangalore where he had been hospitalized for treatment of H1N1 influenza 

Filmography
Passage 8:
Joseph De Grasse
Joseph Louis De Grasse (May 4, 1873 – May 25, 1940) was a Canadian film director  Born in Bathurst, New Brunswick, he was the elder brother of actor Sam De Grasse 

Biography
Joseph De Grasse had studied and was a first-class graduate of accounting and he began his career as a journalist, but soon became enamored with the theater and took work as a stage actor  In 1903, he quit his full-time job as the City of Boston's bookkeeper to pursue acting  In 1910, he acted in his first motion picture and although he would appear as an actor in 13 films, and write 2 screenplays, his real interest was in directing 
While working in Hollywood for Universal Pictures, De Grasse met and married one of the few female directors working at the time, Ida May Park (1879–1954)  In 1915, he became a founding member of the Motion Picture Directors Association, a forerunner to today's Directors Guild of America 
During his career he directed a total of 86 films  In 1924, actor Lon Chaney said of the De Grasses:

Joe and Sam De Grasses are two of the most talented personalities in today's film industry  Joe, a very skilled actor, is also the consummate director, firm in his demands yet gentle in his way of dealing with many different temperaments to be found in the movie industry  Sam is the only actor I know who can horrify an audience without make-up and without grotesque posturing and playing to the camera  He is the only actor I know who pulls teeth on the set in between takes  A rare pair, they have given the industry not one but two dimensions 
Joseph De Grasse died in Eagle Rock, California; he collapsed on a street while walking, and was taken to hospital where he was pronounced dead  The cause of his death was a heart attack 

Filmography
Director
Actor
The Place Beyond the Winds (1916) - Anton Farwell
Triumph (1917) - Man at Theatre (uncredited)
After the War (1918)
So Big (1924) - Simeon Peake
The Cowboy Kid (1928) - John Grover
The Drunkard (1935) - Mr  Miller
The Dawn Rider (1935) - Dad Mason
The Adventures of Frank Merriwell (1936, Serial) - Dr  Cummings (uncredited) (final film role)

Preservation
The three surviving reels of De Grasse's film Triumph were restored by the Academy Film Archive in 2012 

See also
Other Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood
Passage 9:
The Market of Vain Desire
The Market of Vain Desire a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Reginald Barker  It stars Henry B  Warner and Clara Williams Prints of the film still exist and are preserved at the Library of Congress and with a private collector  The Market of Desire is now in the public domain 

Cast
Henry B  Warner as John Armstrong
Clara Williams as Helen Badgley
Charles Miller as Count Bernard d'Montaigne
Gertrude Claire as Mrs  Bladglley
Leona Hutton as Belle
Passage 10:
The Ship of Souls (film)
The Ship of Souls or Ship of Souls is a 1925 American silent 3-D Western drama film, directed by Charles Miller  It was based on the Western novel The Ship of Souls by Emerson Hough, which was published after his death  It was produced by Max O  Miller, who created the 3-D process used in the film 

Plot
Langley Barnes (Bert Lytell) goes to the North Country after being abandoned by his wife  There he falls in love with Christine Garth (Lillian Rich), and even though he is not legally divorced, marries Christine  Captain Churchill (Cyril Chadwick) is posted to the area to build a radio transmitter, and after returning to the United States, marries Langley's wife, who has now obtained a divorce  After Churchill alerts Barnes with a radio transmission, Langley remarries Christine in a legal ceremony 

Cast
Preservation
With no prints of The Ship of Souls located in any film archives, it is a lost film 



ground_truth: The Market Of Souls