prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film came out earlier, Closely Watched Trains or Det Sande Ansigt?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Operation Leopard
La légion saute sur Kolwezi, also known as Operation Leopard, is a French war film directed by Raoul Coutard and filmed in French Guiana  The script is based on the true story of the Battle of Kolwezi that happened in 1978  It was diligently described in a book of the same name by former 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment Captain Pierre Sergent  He published his book in 1979, and the film came out in 1980  Coutard shot the film in a documentary style 

Plot
The film is based on true events  In 1978, approximately 3,000 heavily armed fighters from Katanga crossed the border to the Zaire and marched into Kolwezi, a mining centre for copper and cobalt  They took 3,000 civilians as hostages  Within a few days, between 90 and 280 hostages were killed  The rebels appeared to be unpredictable and are reported to have threatened to annihilate all civilians 
Mobutu Sese Seko, Zaire's head of state, urged Belgium, France and the United States to help  France sent the Foreign Legion's 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment, which were flown from Corsica to Kolwezi  Following their arrival, they secured the perimeter, in co-operation with Belgian soldiers from Zaire, and then started to evacuate the civilians  Within two days more than 2,000 Europeans and about 3,000 African citizens were saved  The film strives to depict the events in a dramatised form, concentrating on the Europeans' plight 

Production
The late Jean Seberg had filmed scenes on location for the film, but her death caused her to be replaced by another French American actress, Mimsy Farmer, who reshot Seberg's scenes 

Cast
Bruno Cremer: Pierre Delbart
Jacques Perrin:Ambassador Berthier
Laurent Malet: Phillipe Denrémont
Pierre Vaneck: Colonel Grasser
Mimsy Farmer: Annie Devrindt
Giuliano Gemma: Adjudant Fédérico
Robert Etcheverry : Colonel Dubourg
Jean-Claude Bouillon : Maurois
Passage 2:
The Fabulous Senorita
The Fabulous Senorita is a 1952 American musical comedy film directed by R  G  Springsteen and starring Estelita Rodriguez, Robert Clarke and Nestor Paiva  The film came at the tail-end of a cycle of Latin American-themed films, though it did introduce a new star, Rita Moreno 

Plot
Cast
Estelita Rodriguez as Estelita Rodriguez
Robert Clarke as Jerry Taylor
Nestor Paiva as José Rodriguez
Marvin Kaplan as Clifford Van Kunkle
Rita Moreno as Manuela Rodríguez
Leon Belasco as Señor Gonzales
Tito Renaldo as Pedro Sanchez
Tom Powers as Delaney
Emory Parnell as Dean Bradshaw
Olin Howland as Justice of the Peace
Vito Scotti as Esteban Gonzales
Martin Garralaga as Police Captain Garcia
Nita Del Rey as Felice
Joan Blake as Betty
Frances Dominguez as Amelia
Betty Farrington as Janitress
Norman Field as Dr  Campbell
Clark Howat as Davis
Frank Kreig as Cab Driver
Dorothy Neumann as Mrs  Black
Elizabeth Slifer as Wife of Justice of the Peace
Charles Sullivan as Cab Driver
Arthur Walsh as Pete
Passage 3:
The Night of Nights
The Night of Nights is a 1939 black-and-white drama film written by Donald Ogden Stewart and directed by Lewis Milestone for Paramount Pictures that starred Pat O'Brien, Olympe Bradna, and Roland Young The film received positive contemporary reviews from publications such as The New York Times  Director Milestone went on to other successful productions after the film came out, including Ocean's 11 and Pork Chop Hill 

Background
Milestone directed The Night of Nights nine years after winning the 1930 Academy Award for Best Director for All Quiet on the Western Front 

Plot
Dan O'Farrell (Pat O'Brien) is a brilliant Broadway theater playwright, actor, and producer who has left the business   When he was younger, he and his partner Barry Keith-Trimble (Roland Young) were preparing for the opening night of O'Farell's play Laughter by getting drunk   When it was time to perform, they were so intoxicated they ended up brawling on stage and fell into the orchestra pit   The two left the theater and continued drinking, until they learn that they have been suspended  At the same time, O'Farrell learns that his wife, actress Alyce Martelle, is pregnant and has left him for ruining her performance in Laughter as Toni   Despondent, he in left the business and went into seclusion 
Years later, his daughter Marie (Olympe Bradna) locates him and inspires him to return to Broadway   He decides to restage Laughter with its original cast, but with Marie substituting for Alyce in the part of Toni   Hoping to make a glorious return with a show that would be a hit with critics and the public alike, O'Farrell enlists the aid of friends to embark on a full-fledged comeback 

Cast
Reception
Frank S  Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the work of actors Pat O'Brien and Roland Young, had "been a labor of love and the film has profited accordingly " In noting that the plot centered on "the theatre and some of the curious folk who inhabit it", the newspaper's review stated that the film had an acceptable sentimentality and shared that the story was "an uncommonly interesting study of a man's mind, subtly written and directed, presented with honesty and commendable sincerity by Mr  O'Brien, Mr  Young and Olympe Bradna, and well worth any one's attention " The only objection in the review was that the stage play Laughter, the piece being produced within the film by O'Brien's character of Dan O'Farrell, "seemed to be the most awful tripe "
Passage 4:
The Man Who Watched Trains Go By
The Man Who Watched Trains Go By (1952) is a crime drama film, based on the 1938 novel by Georges Simenon and directed by Harold French  It has an all-European cast, including Claude Rains in the lead role of Kees Popinga, who is infatuated with Michele Rozier (Märta Torén)  The film was released in the United States in 1953 under the title The Paris Express 

Plot
In the Dutch city of Groningen, Kees Popinga (Claude Rains) has worked for 18 years as chief clerk and bookkeeper for a 300-year-old trading company, now run by Julius de Koster Jr  (Herbert Lom)   Kees's life is comfortable but stodgy; he loves trains but has never traveled farther than Amsterdam 
One day a man named Merkemans (Felix Aylmer), who had managed a company that went bankrupt due to another man's embezzlement, pleads with de Koster for a job  De Koster refuses because his own firm has too impeccable a reputation to be connected with such a scandal, and Merkemans had had the responsibility to prevent the fraud  Then a French police inspector named Lucas (Marius Goring) arrives to talk to de Koster about Dutch money that is turning up illegally in Paris; Lucas suspects the de Koster company, but de Koster invites Kees to show him that the books are sound  That night, Kees happens to see de Koster kissing a woman (Märta Torén) goodbye at a station 
Later, Lucas questions Kees and de Koster about the woman, showing a picture  De Koster lies; Kees supports him, but now fears that he too has failed to prevent a crime  That night his fears are confirmed when he goes to the office and finds de Koster burning the books  De Koster says the firm will be bankrupt in the morning  Kees follows de Koster to a canal  De Koster shows him a suicide note  Kees is trying to stop him jumping in the water when De Koster's briefcase comes open, revealing 100,000 Dutch guilders in cash  The suicide note was a fake  Enraged, Kees attacks de Koster, who falls into the water and hits his head on a boat 
Also in the briefcase is a train ticket to Paris and the address of the woman, whose name is Michele Rozier  Kees takes the briefcase and boards the train, abandoning his family  On board he is surprised to meet Lucas, who makes it clear he suspects Kees  As they approach Paris, Kees jumps off the train  He goes to Michele, but she turns him away, not realizing he has the money  Lucas meets her and explains what has happened  He says de Koster is alive, but Kees does not know this, and Lucas fears he will now do something desperate 
As Lucas hopes, Michele wants the money enough to trace Kees, and the police follow her to him  But she helps him get away and stay with Louis (Ferdy Mayne), her lover, who lives over a garage near train tracks  She tells Kees that within a couple of days Louis will provide Kees with fake papers so he can leave the country 
Kees is suspicious enough to hide the money, in an abandoned car near the tracks, before Louis is able to search his effects  Bored with hiding out and tired of belittling remarks about his status, he decides to "live dangerously" and takes Michele out on the town  She seems to warm to him and he is seduced into trusting her  Drunk and infatuated, he phones Lucas to taunt him, promises Michele they will go away together, and then tells her where the money is  She goes there, but Lucas has already found it  He offers her immunity if she helps him find Kees 
Kees gets away from Lucas, steals a knife from a shop window, and goes to the garage   At knifepoint, Louis phones Michele and asks her to come   Kees confronts Michele and threatens to prove his worth by killing her—and then he does   With Lucas in pursuit, he runs onto the train tracks and directly toward an approaching train   At the last moment it reaches a switch and crosses onto another track   Kees rambles deliriously as Lucas arrests him 

Cast
Claude Rains as Kees Popinga
Marius Goring as Lucas
Märta Torén as Michele Rozier
Ferdy Mayne as Louis
Herbert Lom as Julius de Koster Jr
Lucie Mannheim as Maria Popinga
Anouk Aimée as Jeanne
Eric Pohlmann as Goin
Felix Aylmer as Mr Merkemans
Gibb McLaughlin as Julius de Koster Sr
Michael Nightingale as Popinga's Clerk

Critical reception
TV Guide wrote that the film "boasts good performances from Rains, Toren, and Lom, but is hampered by the static direction of Harold French"; whereas Culture Catch called it a "solid adaptation," which "embraces Simenon's favorite archetype, an innocent who mistakenly thinks he has committed some evil act, and then eventually actually does   Directed by Harold French, a British stalwart, this little thriller is worth every one of the 82 minutes you'll spend with it "
Passage 5:
Closely Watched Trains
Closely Watched Trains (Czech: Ostře sledované vlaky) is a 1966 Czechoslovak film directed by Jiří Menzel and is one of the best-known products of the Czechoslovak New Wave  It was released in the United Kingdom as Closely Observed Trains  It is a coming-of-age story about a young man working at a train station in German-occupied Czechoslovakia during World War II  The film is based on a 1965 novel by Bohumil Hrabal  It was produced by Barrandov Studios and filmed on location in Central Bohemia  Released outside Czechoslovakia during 1967, it won the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 40th Academy Awards in 1968 

Plot
The young Miloš Hrma, who speaks with misplaced pride of his family of misfits and malingerers, is engaged as a newly-trained train dispatcher at a small railway station near the end of the Second World War and the German occupation of Czechoslovakia  He admires himself in his new uniform and looks forward, like his prematurely retired train driver father, to avoiding real work  The sometimes pompous stationmaster is an enthusiastic pigeon-breeder who has a kind wife, but is envious of train dispatcher Hubička's success with women  The idyll of the railway station is periodically disturbed by the arrival of Councillor Zedníček, a Nazi collaborator who spouts propaganda at the staff, though he does not influence anyone with it 
Miloš is in a budding relationship with the pretty, young conductor Máša  The experienced Hubička presses for details and realizes that Miloš is still a virgin  At her initiative, Máša spends the night with Miloš, but in his youthful excitability he ejaculates prematurely and is unable to perform sexually  The next day, despairing, he attempts suicide, but is saved  A young doctor at the hospital explains to Miloš that ejaculatio praecox is normal at his age, recommending that Miloš "think of something else", such as football, and seek out an experienced woman to help him through his first sexual experience 
During the nightshift, Hubička flirts with the young telegraphist, Zdenička, and imprints her thighs and buttocks with the office's rubber stamps  Her mother sees the stamps and complains to Hubička's superiors 
The Germans and their collaborators are on edge, since their trains and railroad tracks are being attacked by partisans  A glamorous resistance agent, code-named Viktoria Freie, delivers a time bomb to Hubička for use in blowing up a large ammunition train  At Hubička's request, the "experienced" Viktoria also helps Miloš to resolve his sexual problem 
The next day, at the crucial moment when the ammunition train is approaching the station, Hubička is caught up in a farcical disciplinary hearing, overseen by Zedníček, over his rubber-stamping of Zdenička's backside  In Hubička's place, Miloš, liberated from his former passivity by his experience with Viktoria, takes the time bomb and drops it onto the train from a semaphore gantry, which extends transversely above the tracks  A machine-gunner on the train, spotting Miloš, sprays him with bullets, and his body falls onto the train 
Zedníček winds up the disciplinary hearing by dismissing the Czech people as "nothing but laughing hyenas" (a phrase actually employed by the senior Nazi official Reinhard Heydrich)  The stationmaster is despondent because the scandal with Hubička and Zdenička seems to have frustrated his ambition of being promoted to inspector  Then a huge series of explosions happens just around a bend in the track as the train is destroyed by the bomb  Hubička, unaware of what has happened to Miloš, laughs to express his joy at this blow to the Nazi occupiers  Máša, who has been waiting to speak with Miloš, picks up his uniform cap, which has wound up at her feet, blown by the huge winds from the blast 

Cast
Václav Neckář as Miloš Hrma
Josef Somr as train dispatcher Hubička
Vlastimil Brodský as councilor Zedníček
Vladimír Valenta as stationmaster Lanska
Jitka Bendová as conductor Máša
Jitka Zelenohorská as telegraphist Zdenička
Naďa Urbánková as Viktoria Freie
Libuše Havelková as Lanska's wife
Milada Ježková as Zdenička's mother
Jiří Menzel as Doctor Brabec

Production
The film is based on a 1965 novel of the same name by the noted Czech author Bohumil Hrabal, whose work Jiří Menzel had previously adapted to make The Death of Mr  Balthazar, his segment of the anthology film of Hrabal stories Pearls of the Deep (1965)  Barrandov Studios first offered this project to the more experienced directors Evald Schorm and Věra Chytilová (Closely Watched Trains was the first feature film directed by Menzel), but neither of them saw a way to adapt the book to film  Menzel and Hrabal worked together closely on the script, making a number of modifications to the novel Menzel's first choice for the lead role of Miloš was Vladimír Pucholt, but he was occupied filming Jiří Krejčík's Svatba jako řemen  Menzel considered playing the role himself, but he concluded that, at almost 28, he was too old  Fifteen non-professional actors were then tested before the wife of Ladislav Fikar (a poet and publisher) came up with the suggestion of the pop singer Václav Neckář  Menzel has related that he himself only took on the cameo role of the doctor at the last minute, after the actor originally cast failed to show up for shooting 
Filming began in late February and lasted until the end of April 1966  Locations were used in and around the station building in Loděnice The association between Menzel and Hrabal was to continue, with Larks on a String (made in 1969 but not released until 1990), Cutting It Short (1981), The Snowdrop Festival (1984), and I Served the King of England (2006) all being directed by Menzel and based on works by Hrabal 

Reception
The film premiered in Czechoslovakia on 18 November 1966  Release outside Czechoslovakia took place in the following year 

Critical response
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times called Closely Watched Trains "as expert and moving in its way as was Ján Kadár's and Elmar Klos's The Shop on Main Street or Miloš Forman's Loves of a Blonde," two roughly contemporary films from Czechoslovakia  Crowther wrote:What it appears Mr  Menzel is aiming at all through his film is just a wonderfully sly, sardonic picture of the embarrassments of a youth coming of age in a peculiarly innocent yet worldly provincial environment      The charm of his film is in the quietness and slyness of his earthy comedy, the wonderful finesse of understatements, the wise and humorous understanding of primal sex  And it is in the brilliance with which he counterpoints the casual affairs of his country characters with the realness, the urgency and significance of those passing trains  Variety's reviewer wrote:The 28-year-old Jiri Menzel registers a remarkable directorial debut  His sense for witty situations is as impressive as his adroit handling of the players  A special word of praise must go to Bohumil Hrabal, the creator of the literary original; the many amusing gags and imaginative situations are primarily his  The cast is composed of wonderful types down the line 
In his study of the Czechoslovak New Wave, Peter Hames places the film in a broader context, connecting it to, among other things, the most famous anti-hero of Czech literature, Jaroslav Hašek's The Good Soldier Švejk, a fictional World War I soldier whose artful evasion of duty and undermining of authority are sometimes held to epitomize characteristic Czech qualities:

In its attitudes, if not its form, Closely Observed Trains is the Czech film that comes closest to the humour and satire of The Good Soldier Švejk, not least because it is prepared to include the reality of the war as a necessary aspect of its comic vision  The attack on ideological dogmatism, bureaucracy and anachronistic moral values undoubtedly strikes wider targets than the period of Nazi Occupation  However, it would be wrong to reduce the film to a coded reflection on contemporary Czech society: the attitudes and ideas derive from the same conditions that originally inspired Hašek  Insofar as these conditions recur, under the Nazi Occupation or elsewhere, the response will be the same 

Awards and honors
The film won several international awards:

The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, awarded in 1968 for films released in 1967
The Grand Prize at the 1966 Mannheim-Heidelberg International Filmfestival
A nomination for the 1968 BAFTA Awards for Best Film and Best Soundtrack
A nomination for the 1968 DGA Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures
A nomination for the 1967 Golden Globe for Best Foreign-Language Foreign Film

See also
Czechoslovak New Wave
List of submissions to the 40th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Czechoslovakia submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
Passage 6:
Kabani Nadi Chuvannappol
Kabani Nadi Chuvannappol (When the River Kabani Turned Red) is a 1975 Malayalam feature film directed by P  A  Backer, produced by Pavithran, and starring T  V  Chandran, Shalini, Raveendran and J  Siddiqui  This leftist political drama film came out during the Emergency period  It was the directorial debut of P  A  Backer, who won that year's awards for Best Director and Second Best Film at the Kerala State Film Awards  Pavithran, who later directed many critically acclaimed Malayalam films produced the film  T  V  Chandran, who also later went on to direct a bevy of award-winning films in Malayalam and Tamil, played the lead role  After certain post-production controversies, the film debuted in theatres on 16 July 1976 

Cast
Production and release
The principal production started in June 1975  The day when shoot of the film commenced in Bangalore, Emergency was declared in India The film was screened at several film festivals in 1975  It was not given the censor certificate for the theme it dealt with for more than a year  It released in theatres during the Emergency period itself, on 16 July 1976 The English title of the film is When the River Kabani Turned Red 

Awards
Kerala State Film AwardsSecond Best Film - P  A  Backer (director), Pavithran (producer)
Best Director - P  A  Backer
Passage 7:
Det Sande Ansigt
Det Sande Ansigt (English translation: The True Face) is a 1951 Danish film directed by Bodil Ipsen and Lau Lauritzen Jr , written by Johannes Allen, and based upon the novel by Gerhard Rasmussen  The film received the Bodil Award for Best Danish Film of the Year 

Plot
Troels Rolff, a young architect (played by Lau Lauritzen Jr ), is questioned as a suspect for the rape and murder of a 10-year-old girl  He pleads his innocence, and yet he is unable to explain what he was doing the day of the murder  Rolff's world breaks apart as those closest to him – his wife, his father, his pastor and his friends—react to his arrest with varying degrees of suspicion  Even when cleared of the charges, the question remains if he can ever return to his former life of joy and innocence 

Cast
Lau Lauritzen Jr  as Troels Rolff
Johannes Meyer as Pastor Mikael Rolff
Lisbeth Movin as Troels' Girlfriend Sonja
Ib Schønberg as Editor
Grethe Thordahl as Troels' Wife
Oluf Bang as Troels' Father
Jørn Jeppesen
Einar Juhl
Emil Hass Christensen
Jakob Nielsen
Elsa Albeck
Poul Müller
Louis Miehe-Renard
Carl Heger
Per Buckhøj
Passage 8:
Shower train
Shower trains or bathing trains were specialized trains or train cars used throughout Europe to provide bathing facilities to troops stationed along the battlefront during the First World War 

Switzerland
Shower trains (known as Armeebadezug) were used in Switzerland  Each train consisted of old rolling stock from private railway companies: a locomotive, a tank car and converted passenger cars, each with a shower room and two cloakrooms  The water was taken from the tank car and heated by the locomotive 
This train served the thousands of Swiss militia protecting Switzerland's borders 

Imperial Russia
Similar bathing trains were used in the Russian Empire in 1914 


== Notes ==
Passage 9:
DET
DET or Det may refer to:

A common abbreviation of the U S  city of Detroit and its major professional sports teams 
Detroit Lions of the National Football League
Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association
Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball
Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League
Detroit (Amtrak station), station code
Duolingo English Test (DET), a standardized test of English language
Coleman A  Young International Airport, Detroit, US, IATA Code
Diethyltryptamine, a psychedelic drug
Detection error tradeoff
It (Christensen book) (Det in Danish), poetry book
The mathematical determinant
Department of Education (New South Wales), formerly the Department of Education and Training (DET)
14 Intelligence Company, UK military undercover unit
a determiner, in interlinear glossing
Passage 10:
My Little Eye
My Little Eye is a 2002 British horror film directed by Marc Evans about five adults who agree to spend six months together in an isolated mansion while being filmed at all times  The idea for the film came from reality television shows such as Big Brother  The title refers to the guessing game I spy 

Plot
Five contestants, Matt (Sean Cw Johnson), Emma (Laura Regan), Charlie (Jennifer Sky), Danny (Stephen O'Reilly) and Rex (Kris Lemche), agree to take part in a reality webcast, where they must spend six months in a house to win $1 million  If anyone leaves, then no one wins the money  Nearing the end of the six months, tension between the contestants rises after Emma finds strange messages she believes are from a man from her past and the food packages arrive containing a letter that claims Danny's grandfather has died, and a gun with five bullets 
One night, a man named Travis Patterson (Bradley Cooper) arrives, claiming he is lost in the woods and that his GPS has died  Despite claiming to be an internet programmer, he claims to not recognize any of the contestants or ever having heard of the show  Later that night, Travis has sex with Charlie, and then secretly talks directly into a camera, to communicate with whoever is watching them  The next morning, Travis leaves and Danny discovers his backpack outside covered in blood and shredded to pieces  The contestants assume he was attacked by an animal but Rex believes Travis works for the people running their show and that it is all a trick to make them leave the house and forfeit the prize money 
Emma discovers her underwear among Danny’s belongings and confronts him, unaware that Travis planted them there the previous night  Danny denies it and attempts to make peace by giving her a crudely carved wooden cat, which Emma and Charlie ridicule, while Danny overhears 
The next morning, the group finds Danny has committed suicide by hanging himself from the staircase balcony with a rope  The guests finally decide to leave, but after being unable to contact anyone via radio, decide to wait until the next morning  Rex uses the GPS unit from Travis' bag and his laptop to gain access to the internet to find out more about the show but is unable to find any evidence of their show online 
Rex is only able to find a heavily encrypted beta site, that requires a $50,000 fee to access, and displays a web page with their pictures and betting odds  The group decides they will leave the next morning, though Rex and Emma go up to the roof to set off a flare  While Charlie and Matt remain in the house, Matt asks a camera if he should kill her, before suffocating her with a plastic bag 
Later, while Emma is sleeping, Rex comes downstairs and is decapitated with an axe by Matt  Matt awakens Emma and brings her up to the attic, telling her he is being chased and the others are dead  He then makes advances on Emma, who refuses, and attempts to rape her, before she stabs him in the back and runs off 
Emma runs outside and finds a police officer, who handcuffs her inside the car and enters the house  An injured Matt then crawls out, begging the cop to let him kill Emma, since he spent six months in the house with her  Realizing they are working together, Emma escapes the car and tries to run but is shot in the back with a rifle by the cop 
Matt and the cop sit in the kitchen discussing the setup they created with Travis for their high paying clients who want to witness the murders  When the cop says there are always "five suckers" to play the game with, Matt corrects him to four, and is then shot in the head  The cop then leaves, talking to Travis over the radio, while Emma is seen locked in a small room, unable to escape  As she collapses screaming, the cameras filming all shut off, one by one 

Cast
Sean Cw Johnson as Matt
Kris Lemche as Rex
Stephen O'Reilly as Danny
Laura Regan as Emma
Jennifer Sky as Charlie
Nick Mennell as The Cop
Bradley Cooper as Travis Patterson

Home media
My Little Eye is available on DVD from MCA/Universal Home Video with most of the special features available on the Region 2 Special Edition including a filmmakers' commentary and deleted scenes  There is an audio mode "Conversations of the Company (Eavesdropping Audio Track)" which allows the viewer to listen to the radio conversations between the members of the company: Travis and "the cop"  However, during this mode, the viewer cannot hear all of the dialogue of the cast in the scene  A UK release contains a 'Special Mode' where viewers see the film from the perspective of an internet subscriber, and more extra features become unlocked as the film goes on  You can watch other things going on in 'the house' in real time to what's happening in the film 

Reception
The film received polarized but positive reviews and holds 67% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 21 reviews, with an average score of 5 2/10 

See also
List of films featuring surveillance
Context 2: Passage 1:
Tom Dickinson
Thomas or Tom Dickinson may refer to: 

Thomas Dickenson, or Dickinson, merchant and politician of York, England
Thomas R  Dickinson, United States Army general
J  Thomas Dickinson, American physicist and astronomer
Tom Dickinson (cricketer),  Australian-born cricketer in England
Tom Dickinson (American football), American football player
Passage 2:
Robert Wulnikowski
Robert Wulnikowski (born 11 July 1977) is Polish-German former professional football goalkeeper and now goalkeeping coach 

Career
Born in Bydgoszcz, Wulnikowski began with football in his hometown at the Polish club Zawisza Bydgoszcz  In 1990, he entered the youth division of the FC Schalke 04  In 1997, he was promoted to the second team of the club and played in the Oberliga Westfalen  In 1999, he joined the third division team 1  FC Union Berlin  At Union Berlin, Wulnikowski was initially substitute goalkeeper behind Kay Wehner (Saison 1999–2000) and Sven Beuckert (2000–2002)  In 2001, Union was promoted to the 2  Bundesliga without Wulnikowski playing a single league match  In the 2000–01 DFB-Pokal quarter-final against VfL Bochum, Wulnikowski came on after 30 minutes for an injured Beuckert  Union Berlin won that match and succeeded in reaching the final (0–2 against Schalke 04)  After the dismissal of longtime coach Georgi Vasilev in October 2002 and the commitment of coach Mirko Votava, Wulnikowski became first-choice goalkeeper For Union Berlin  By the end of the 2003–04 season, after the club was relegated as next to last in the table again, Wulnikowski had completed a total of 54 second-division games for the club 
Wulnikowski moved then to Rot-Weiss Essen for an unknown transfer fee  At the beginning of the season, Wulnikowski was in the starting squad, but made an error in the first match  From matchday three on, coach Jürgen Gelsdorf replaced him with René Renno  At the end of the season, Rot-Weiss Essen was relegated and the contract with the goalkeeper cancelled 
In 2005, Wulnikowski subsequently joined VfR Aalen in the Regionalliga Süd  He completed two seasons as first-choice goalkeeper there  In April 2007, Wulnikowski announce his move to league rivals Sportfreunde Siegen  During the 2007–08 season, he was first-choice goalkeeper for Siegen 
At the beginning of the 2008–09 season, he moved to the third division club Kickers Offenbach  In the 2009–10 winter break, he extended his contract for another three years until the end of the 2012–13 season 
On 27 October 2010, he became nationwide famous for his fantastic match in the 2010–11 DFB-Pokal against Borussia Dortmund, in which he saved two penalties and single-handedly destroyed Dortmund's several other good goal chances  Offenbach won the match 4–2 after Penalty shootout and moved on to round three  He left Offenbach at the end of the 2012–13 season, after they were relegated from the 3  Liga  After six months without a club, he signed for RB Leipzig II for half a season, before joining Würzburger Kickers in July 2014  In June 2017, Wulnikowski ended his professional career and became goalkeeping coach for Würzburger Kickers 
Passage 3:
Greg A  Hill (artist)
Greg A  Hill is a Canadian-born First Nations artist and curator  He is 
Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario 

Early life
Hill was born and raised in Fort Erie, Ontario 

Art career
His work as a multidisciplinary artist focuses primarily on installation, performance and digital imaging and explores issues of his Mohawk and French-Canadian identity through the prism of colonialism, nationalism and concepts of place and community Hill has been exhibiting his work since 1989, with solo exhibitions and performance works across Canada as well as group exhibitions in North America and abroad  His work can be found in the collections of the Canada Council, the Indian Art Centre, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Canadian Native Arts Foundation (now Indspire), the Woodland Cultural Center, the City of Ottawa, the Ottawa Art Gallery and the International Museum of Electrography 

Curatorial career
Hill serves as the Audain Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada 

Awards and honours
In 2018, Hill received the Indspire Award for Arts 
Passage 4:
John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)
John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957 

Surrey cricketer
McMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29  In the first innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs In his first full season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in the space of 6 3 overs for seven runs  This would remain the best bowling performance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later  In the following game, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth  In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28 07  As a tail-end left-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4 22 The emergence of Tony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career  Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets  In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times  In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's County Championship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12 38 runs apiece, while McMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21 53  At the end of the 1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of the County Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries 

Somerset cricketer
Somerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with support from the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service  McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement of Horace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed to realise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly 
McMahon instantly became a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, not missing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957, after which he did not play in the Championship again In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellow newcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spin bowlers, McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the rest of the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their own batsmen," it said  McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27 47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higher average)  His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the first innings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of his career  He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of the table 
The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28 77 apiece  There was a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the batting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9 03  This included his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome  A week later in Somerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46 runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clever variation of flight and spin"  These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955 season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourth season running At the end of the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956 season, with Langford returning from National Service as the main support  McMahon responded with his most successful season so far, taking 103 wickets at an average of 25 57, the only season in his career in which he exceeded 100 wickets  The bowling average improved still further in 1957 to 23 10 when McMahon took 86 wickets  But his season came to an abrupt end in mid-August 1957 when, after 108 consecutive Championship matches, he was dropped from the first team during the Weston-super-Mare festival  Though he played some games for the second eleven later in August, he regained his place in the first team for only a single end-of-season friendly match, and he was told that his services were not required for the future, a decision, said Wisden, that "proved highly controversial" 

Sacked by Somerset
The reason behind McMahon's sacking did not become public knowledge for many years  In its obituary of him in 2002, McMahon was described by Wisden as "a man who embraced the antipodean virtues of candour and conviviality"  It went on: "Legend tells of a night at the Flying Horse Inn in Nottingham when he beheaded the gladioli with an ornamental sword, crying: 'When Mac drinks, everybody drinks!'" The obituary recounts a further escapade in second eleven match at Midsomer Norton where a curfew imposed on the team was circumvented by "a POW-type loop" organised by McMahon, "with his team-mates escaping through a ground-storey window and then presenting themselves again"  As the only Somerset second eleven match that McMahon played in at Midsomer Norton was right at the end of the 1957 season, this may have been the final straw  But in any case there had been "an embarrassing episode at Swansea's Grand Hotel" earlier in the season, also involving Jim Hilton, who was also dismissed at the end of the season  Team-mates and club members petitioned for McMahon to be reinstated, but the county club was not to be moved 
After a period in Lancashire League cricket with Milnrow Cricket Club, McMahon moved back to London where he did office work, later contributing some articles to cricket magazines 


== Notes and references ==
Passage 5:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica
Context 3: Passage 1:
House of Dark Shadows
House of Dark Shadows is a 1970 American feature-length horror film directed by Dan Curtis, based on his Dark Shadows television series (ABC, 1966–1971)  In this film expansion, vampire Barnabas Collins (Jonathan Frid) searches for a cure for vampirism so he can marry a woman who resembles his long-lost fiancée Josette (Kathryn Leigh Scott) 
Filming took place at Lyndhurst Estate in Tarrytown, New York, with additional footage at nearby Sleepy Hollow Cemetery  Curtis followed this film one year later with Night of Dark Shadows, another expansion of the Shadows franchise, dealing with the witch Angelique 

Plot
Willie Loomis, the Collins family handyman, is searching for old treasure in the family mausoleum when he accidentally frees Barnabas Collins, a 175-year-old vampire who enslaves him  Upon his release, he attacks Daphne Budd, the secretary to Collinwood's matriarch, Elizabeth Collins Stoddard  She is discovered by Jeff Clark, who takes her back to the house where Dr  Julia Hoffman attends to her 
Later, Barnabas introduces himself to the family under the guise of a "cousin from England"  Elizabeth and the others are intrigued by Barnabas and take an instant liking to him  However, Elizabeth's daughter Carolyn Stoddard and Professor T  Eliot Stokes, a friend of the family, are incredulous  Barnabas insists on moving into the Old House and hosting a ball in honor of the family  But on the night of the ball, Carolyn is bitten by Barnabas while she is getting ready 
Later on at the ball, he is introduced to young David Collins' governess and Jeff's girlfriend, Maggie Evans, and is instantly smitten with her, as she bears a striking resemblance to his long-lost fiancée, Josette du Pres  Maggie is thinking about leaving Collinwood, but Barnabas persuades her to stay  Back at the Old House, he tells Willie about Josette and how she took her own life on the night they were to be married  Carolyn overhears and threatens to expose him out of jealousy  Enraged, Barnabas delivers a deadly bite to Carolyn, much to Willie's horror  A shaken Willie takes Carolyn back home; she slowly walks to the doorway, but she is soon discovered slumped in the doorway—dead—by the maid, Mrs  Johnson 
Funeral services are held for Carolyn, and she is buried in the Collins family mausoleum  Dr  Hoffman upon analyzing samples of Carolyn's blood, recognizes a trace of elements of the same unknown virus that was present in Daphne Budd's blood sample  Thereafter, Professor Stokes confers with Julia and tells her that he suspects that the recent attacks in Collinsport may have been caused by a vampire 
Meanwhile, Carolyn rises as a vampire and attacks David  Stokes and Julia try to explain, but Elizabeth and Roger refuse to listen  Carolyn's former fiancé Todd encounters her, and she bites him  After he is taken back to Collinwood, the family realize that Stokes and Julia were correct about the vampires  Todd again sneaks out in search of Carolyn, but she is cornered and staked, instantly killing her 
Julia eventually discovers that Barnabas is the vampire responsible  Thus, she visits him at the Old House and convinces him that she can use her methods to make him human and he reluctantly agrees  Julia gives him injections which allow him to walk in the daylight  Over time, Barnabas and Maggie begin to spend time together while Jeff is away in Boston  Stokes confronts Julia about helping Barnabas—and realizes she is in love with him—and reminds her that he is in love with Maggie  Overcome with jealousy, Julia gives Barnabas an injection which causes him to age rapidly  Out of rage, he strangles her to death  A terrified Maggie witnesses this and tries to flee, but is caught and bitten by Barnabas before she can escape, and he vows to come back for her  Jeff soon returns, and he is informed of the family history by Stokes and Roger and that Barnabas intends to make Maggie his bride  That night, Barnabas bites Maggie again, rejuvenating him, and then abducts her 
Jeff and the others pursue them; however, Roger and Stokes are killed (both turned into vampires who Jeff kills)  Jeff eventually finds Maggie at an old church in a trance and in Josette's wedding gown  Willie warns him against trying to stop Barnabas and knocks him out  Willie leads Maggie out of the room to where Barnabas is waiting for her  He lays her down on an altar and is about to bite her when Jeff wakes up and shoots at him, but Willie, running to stop Barnabas, moves in the way, and is hit by Jeff's crossbow bolt  Barnabas lures Jeff out of his hiding place and forces him to be a witness by placing him in a trance  However, as Barnabas attempts to bite Maggie, he screams in pain as he's struck in his back  Turning around, he's shocked then enraged to discover that it was Willie—in his final act of redemption—who stabbed him with the crossbow bolt  Barnabas strangles the mortally wounded Willie, but Loomis' attack breaks Jeff out of Barnabas's trance long enough for Jeff to finish driving the bolt through the vampire's back, ultimately bursting through his bloody chest  Maggie, now revived, is rescued by Jeff, both briefly observing the bodies of the presumably dead vampire and Willie Loomis before departing the ruined chapel 
In a post-credits scene, Barnabas's body transforms into a bat and then vanishes 

Cast
Production
Dark Shadows producer Dan Curtis began pitching the idea of a film based on his gothic soap opera sometime in 1968   The project was finally given the greenlight at MGM by company president James Aubrey in 1970  Curtis decided to use the original Barnabas storyline as the basis for the film, but with a modified conclusion 
The film was shot in six weeks for a budget of $750,000   Principal shooting took place at several historic locations, including the Lyndhurst Estate in Tarrytown, New York, where the production had to work around the scheduled public tours of the house  Additional footage was shot at nearby Sleepy Hollow Cemetery; parts of the locales appeared on the Dark Shadows series as well  Some interior scenes were shot at the Lockwood–Mathews Mansion in Norwalk, Connecticut  Along with the original cast, Dan Curtis added other actors to the cast: Jerry Lacy, who notably played Reverend Trask in the 1795 storyline; Terry Crawford and Michael Stroka, who did the Dark Shadows 1890s segments; Don Briscoe, who played cursed brothers Chris and Tom Jennings; Dennis Patrick, who played Paul Stoddard and Jason McGuire; and George DiCenzo, who did more behind-the-scenes work on the last two years of the show 
Unrestricted by TV's censors, the film is far more graphically violent than its television counterpart, with dripping vampire bites and bloody deaths   The film was released at the height of the TV show's popularity to great commercial success 
Dark Shadows producer Dan Curtis's original idea had been to edit together footage from the original TV series into a feature-length film, an idea which was quickly abandoned  The TV series was still in production while the film was being made  Some characters had to be temporarily written out of the show so that the actors would be available to appear in the movie   Barnabas, for example, was trapped in his coffin on the TV show by a failed writer who wanted to use the vampire's life story as the basis for a novel 
Kathryn Leigh Scott was absent from 30 episodes (986 to 1015); Jonathan Frid was absent from 28 episodes (983 to 1010); Grayson Hall was absent from 21 episodes (986 to 1006); John Karlen was absent from 21 episodes (990 to 1010); Nancy Barrett was absent from 20 episodes (991 to 1010): Louis Edmonds was absent from 17 episodes (991 to 1008); Don Briscoe was absent from 15 episodes (986 to 1000); Joan Bennett was absent from 15 episodes (991 to 1006); and David Henesy was absent from 9 episodes (993 to 1001) 
The preview version of the film included a scene where young David Collins pretends to hang himself  It was removed because there were concerns some children might "try this at home"  No copies of this footage are known to exist  Another scene that was shown in some theaters has Jeff testing out the crossbow before pursuing Barnabas 
A paperback novelization of the film by Marilyn Ross (who had written a series of novels based on the TV show) was published in October 1970   The novel is based on the original script, and contains some scenes which were either cut from the movie or were never filmed 

Sequel
The second film was originally supposed to bring back Barnabas, and was to be called Curse of Dark Shadows (according to Famous Monsters of Filmland)  Before pre-production could begin, however, the series had gone off the air, and Jonathan Frid, fearing being typecast as Barnabas, had moved on to other things  Instead, Night of Dark Shadows was made, focusing on Collinwood after new heir Quentin Collins (David Selby) takes over  Elizabeth Collins Stoddard (played by Joan Bennett in the series and the first film) gets a brief mention in the film, but is not present 

Availability
House of Dark Shadows has been released on VHS, and as a two-sided laserdisc (the laserdisc packaged with Night of Dark Shadows, which is out of print)  It is also available on iTunes, on the PlayStation 3 Movie Network (Digital DVD quality), and for rental at Amazon Unbox, now called Prime Video 
Warner Home Video announced the re-release of both films on DVD in 2012; House of Dark Shadows was released for the first time alongside Night of Dark Shadows on DVD and Blu-ray on October 30, 2012 

See also
List of American films of 1970
Dark Shadows (film)
Vampire film
Passage 2:
Dark Shadows (disambiguation)
Dark Shadows is an American supernatural daytime TV series which originally aired from 1966 to 1971 
Dark Shadows may refer to:

Television
Dark Shadows, the original daytime TV series, which aired from 1966 to 1971
Dark Shadows (1991 TV series), adaptation of the original 1966 series
Dark Shadows (2004), pilot for a proposed adaptation of the 1966 series
"Dark Shadows" (Mad Men), 2012 episode of Mad Men

Film
House of Dark Shadows, 1970 film adaptation of the 1966 series
Curse of Dark Shadows, 1971 proposed sequel to the 1970 film
Night of Dark Shadows, 1971 film inspired by the 1966 series
Dark Shadows (film), 2012 film adaptation of the 1966 series

Radio
Dark Shadows (Return to Collinwood), based on a stageplay
Dark Shadows (Big Finish Productions)

Other
Dark Shadows (1944), an American crime drama short film starring Henry O'Neill; unrelated to the later supernatural TV series
Passage 3:
Night of Terror (disambiguation)
Night of Terror  is a 1933 horror film 
Night of Terror or A Night of Terror may also refer to:

Night of Terror - November 14, 1917, a night at the Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia, in which suffragist prisoners were beaten and abused
Montreal's night of terror a 1969 unrest in Montreal, Quebec during a Montreal police strike
A Night of Terror (1911 film), directed by Edwin S  Porter
A Night of Terror, alternative title for Love from a Stranger (1937 film)
Night of Terror (1972 TV film), starring Martin Balsam, Catherine Burns, Chuck Connors & Donna Mills
Night of Terror (2006 film), directed by William Tannen
"Night of Terror", an instrumental by Clint Mansell from the Black Swan soundtrack (2010)

See also
Riot (1996 film),  directed by Joseph Merhi released in the United States as Night of Terror
Night Terror (disambiguation)
Rats: Night of Terror
Terror by Night
A Night of Terror (disambiguation)
Passage 4:
House of Dark Shadows
House of Dark Shadows is a 1970 American feature-length horror film directed by Dan Curtis, based on his Dark Shadows television series (ABC, 1966–1971)  In this film expansion, vampire Barnabas Collins (Jonathan Frid) searches for a cure for vampirism so he can marry a woman who resembles his long-lost fiancée Josette (Kathryn Leigh Scott)



ground_truth: Det Sande Ansigt

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who was born first, Bogdan Țăruș or Robert Wulnikowski?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 6:
Bogdan Țăruș
Gabriel Bogdan Țăruș (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡabriˈel boɡˈdan t͡səˈruʃ]; born 1 August 1975 in Piatra Neamț, Neamț) is a former Romanian athlete who competed in long jump  He has, success in World Championships  His personal best is 8 29 metres, achieved in 1996  He retired in the summer of 2006 

Competition record
External links
Bogdan Tarus at World Athletics
Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill;  et al  "Bogdan Țăruș"  Olympics at Sports-Reference com  Sports Reference LLC  Archived from the original on 2011-09-15 
Passage 7:
Henry Moore (cricketer)
Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand 

Life and family
Henry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849  He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch  One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted  Their great 
grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805  One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch  He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son  In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 
Passage 8:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 
Passage 9:
Robert McGowan Coventry
Robert McGowan Coventry or Robert McGown Coventry  (1855–1914) was a Scottish painter born in Glasgow 

Biography
Coventry studied at the Glasgow School of Art under Robert Greenlees and in Paris  Although he traveled much to the continent and the Middle East, many of his paintings depict quayside and highland scenes from eastern Scotland  He used the signature "R M G COVENTRY"  His daughter, Gertrude Mary was also an artist, known for her portrait paintings In 1889 Coventry became a member of the Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour and in 1906 he was elected an associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, RSA  He exhibited his marine and landscape paintings mainly at the RSA 
Passage 10:
Wesley Barresi
Wesley Barresi (born 3 May 1984) is a South African born first-class and Netherlands international cricketer  He is a right-handed wicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak  In February 2021, Barresi announced his retirement from all forms of cricket, but returned to the national team in August 2022 

Career
Wesley became the 100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, when he was dismissed in the 2011 World Cup game against India In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One Day International (ODI) squad, for their series against Nepal  Ahead of the ODI matches, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player for the Netherlands In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Amsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament  However, the following month, the tournament was cancelled 
Context 3: 
Filming took place at Lyndhurst Estate in Tarrytown, New York, with additional footage at nearby Sleepy Hollow Cemetery  Curtis followed this film one year later with Night of Dark Shadows, another expansion of the Shadows franchise, dealing with the witch Angelique 

Plot
Willie Loomis, the Collins family handyman, is searching for old treasure in the family mausoleum when he accidentally frees Barnabas Collins, a 175-year-old vampire who enslaves him  Upon his release, he attacks Daphne Budd, the secretary to Collinwood's matriarch, Elizabeth Collins Stoddard  She is discovered by Jeff Clark, who takes her back to the house where Dr  Julia Hoffman attends to her 
Later, Barnabas introduces himself to the family under the guise of a "cousin from England"  Elizabeth and the others are intrigued by Barnabas and take an instant liking to him  However, Elizabeth's daughter Carolyn Stoddard and Professor T  Eliot Stokes, a friend of the family, are incredulous  Barnabas insists on moving into the Old House and hosting a ball in honor of the family  But on the night of the ball, Carolyn is bitten by Barnabas while she is getting ready 
Later on at the ball, he is introduced to young David Collins' governess and Jeff's girlfriend, Maggie Evans, and is instantly smitten with her, as she bears a striking resemblance to his long-lost fiancée, Josette du Pres  Maggie is thinking about leaving Collinwood, but Barnabas persuades her to stay  Back at the Old House, he tells Willie about Josette and how she took her own life on the night they were to be married  Carolyn overhears and threatens to expose him out of jealousy  Enraged, Barnabas delivers a deadly bite to Carolyn, much to Willie's horror  A shaken Willie takes Carolyn back home; she slowly walks to the doorway, but she is soon discovered slumped in the doorway—dead—by the maid, Mrs  Johnson 
Funeral services are held for Carolyn, and she is buried in the Collins family mausoleum  Dr  Hoffman upon analyzing samples of Carolyn's blood, recognizes a trace of elements of the same unknown virus that was present in Daphne Budd's blood sample  Thereafter, Professor Stokes confers with Julia and tells her that he suspects that the recent attacks in Collinsport may have been caused by a vampire 
Meanwhile, Carolyn rises as a vampire and attacks David  Stokes and Julia try to explain, but Elizabeth and Roger refuse to listen  Carolyn's former fiancé Todd encounters her, and she bites him  After he is taken back to Collinwood, the family realize that Stokes and Julia were correct about the vampires  Todd again sneaks out in search of Carolyn, but she is cornered and staked, instantly killing her 
Julia eventually discovers that Barnabas is the vampire responsible  Thus, she visits him at the Old House and convinces him that she can use her methods to make him human and he reluctantly agrees  Julia gives him injections which allow him to walk in the daylight  Over time, Barnabas and Maggie begin to spend time together while Jeff is away in Boston  Stokes confronts Julia about helping Barnabas—and realizes she is in love with him—and reminds her that he is in love with Maggie  Overcome with jealousy, Julia gives Barnabas an injection which causes him to age rapidly  Out of rage, he strangles her to death  A terrified Maggie witnesses this and tries to flee, but is caught and bitten by Barnabas before she can escape, and he vows to come back for her  Jeff soon returns, and he is informed of the family history by Stokes and Roger and that Barnabas intends to make Maggie his bride  That night, Barnabas bites Maggie again, rejuvenating him, and then abducts her 
Jeff and the others pursue them; however, Roger and Stokes are killed (both turned into vampires who Jeff kills)  Jeff eventually finds Maggie at an old church in a trance and in Josette's wedding gown  Willie warns him against trying to stop Barnabas and knocks him out  Willie leads Maggie out of the room to where Barnabas is waiting for her  He lays her down on an altar and is about to bite her when Jeff wakes up and shoots at him, but Willie, running to stop Barnabas, moves in the way, and is hit by Jeff's crossbow bolt  Barnabas lures Jeff out of his hiding place and forces him to be a witness by placing him in a trance  However, as Barnabas attempts to bite Maggie, he screams in pain as he's struck in his back  Turning around, he's shocked then enraged to discover that it was Willie—in his final act of redemption—who stabbed him with the crossbow bolt  Barnabas strangles the mortally wounded Willie, but Loomis' attack breaks Jeff out of Barnabas's trance long enough for Jeff to finish driving the bolt through the vampire's back, ultimately bursting through his bloody chest  Maggie, now revived, is rescued by Jeff, both briefly observing the bodies of the presumably dead vampire and Willie Loomis before departing the ruined chapel 
In a post-credits scene, Barnabas's body transforms into a bat and then vanishes 

Cast
Production
Dark Shadows producer Dan Curtis began pitching the idea of a film based on his gothic soap opera sometime in 1968   The project was finally given the greenlight at MGM by company president James Aubrey in 1970  Curtis decided to use the original Barnabas storyline as the basis for the film, but with a modified conclusion 
The film was shot in six weeks for a budget of $750,000   Principal shooting took place at several historic locations, including the Lyndhurst Estate in Tarrytown, New York, where the production had to work around the scheduled public tours of the house  Additional footage was shot at nearby Sleepy Hollow Cemetery; parts of the locales appeared on the Dark Shadows series as well  Some interior scenes were shot at the Lockwood–Mathews Mansion in Norwalk, Connecticut  Along with the original cast, Dan Curtis added other actors to the cast: Jerry Lacy, who notably played Reverend Trask in the 1795 storyline; Terry Crawford and Michael Stroka, who did the Dark Shadows 1890s segments; Don Briscoe, who played cursed brothers Chris and Tom Jennings; Dennis Patrick, who played Paul Stoddard and Jason McGuire; and George DiCenzo, who did more behind-the-scenes work on the last two years of the show 
Unrestricted by TV's censors, the film is far more graphically violent than its television counterpart, with dripping vampire bites and bloody deaths   The film was released at the height of the TV show's popularity to great commercial success 
Dark Shadows producer Dan Curtis's original idea had been to edit together footage from the original TV series into a feature-length film, an idea which was quickly abandoned  The TV series was still in production while the film was being made  Some characters had to be temporarily written out of the show so that the actors would be available to appear in the movie   Barnabas, for example, was trapped in his coffin on the TV show by a failed writer who wanted to use the vampire's life story as the basis for a novel 
Kathryn Leigh Scott was absent from 30 episodes (986 to 1015); Jonathan Frid was absent from 28 episodes (983 to 1010); Grayson Hall was absent from 21 episodes (986 to 1006); John Karlen was absent from 21 episodes (990 to 1010); Nancy Barrett was absent from 20 episodes (991 to 1010): Louis Edmonds was absent from 17 episodes (991 to 1008); Don Briscoe was absent from 15 episodes (986 to 1000); Joan Bennett was absent from 15 episodes (991 to 1006); and David Henesy was absent from 9 episodes (993 to 1001) 
The preview version of the film included a scene where young David Collins pretends to hang himself  It was removed because there were concerns some children might "try this at home"  No copies of this footage are known to exist  Another scene that was shown in some theaters has Jeff testing out the crossbow before pursuing Barnabas 
A paperback novelization of the film by Marilyn Ross (who had written a series of novels based on the TV show) was published in October 1970   The novel is based on the original script, and contains some scenes which were either cut from the movie or were never filmed 

Sequel
The second film was originally supposed to bring back Barnabas, and was to be called Curse of Dark Shadows (according to Famous Monsters of Filmland)  Before pre-production could begin, however, the series had gone off the air, and Jonathan Frid, fearing being typecast as Barnabas, had moved on to other things  Instead, Night of Dark Shadows was made, focusing on Collinwood after new heir Quentin Collins (David Selby) takes over  Elizabeth Collins Stoddard (played by Joan Bennett in the series and the first film) gets a brief mention in the film, but is not present 

Availability
House of Dark Shadows has been released on VHS, and as a two-sided laserdisc (the laserdisc packaged with Night of Dark Shadows, which is out of print)  It is also available on iTunes, on the PlayStation 3 Movie Network (Digital DVD quality), and for rental at Amazon Unbox, now called Prime Video 
Warner Home Video announced the re-release of both films on DVD in 2012; House of Dark Shadows was released for the first time alongside Night of Dark Shadows on DVD and Blu-ray on October 30, 2012 

See also
List of American films of 1970
Dark Shadows (film)
Vampire film
Passage 5:
Dark Shadows: The House of Despair
Dark Shadows: The House of Despair is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running American horror soap opera series Dark Shadows 

Plot
Quentin Collins returns to his home to find an unwanted guest   

Cast
Quentin Collins – David Selby
Angelique – Lara Parker
Willie Loomis – John Karlen
Maggie Evans – Kathryn Leigh Scott
Ed Griffin – Jamison Selby
Susan Griffin – Ursula Burton
Mr Strix – Andrew Collins
Voice – Steven Wickham
Voice – Kellie Ryan
Patron – Scott Alan Woodard

External links
Dark Shadows: The House of Despair
Passage 6:
Night of Dark Shadows
Night of Dark Shadows is a 1971 horror film by Dan Curtis  It is the sequel to House of Dark Shadows  It centers on the story of Quentin Collins and his bride Tracy at the Collinwood Mansion in Collinsport, Maine



ground_truth: Bogdan Țăruș

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film came out earlier, Alkohol or Night Of Dark Shadows?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 
David Selby, Lara Parker, John Karlen, Kate Jackson, Grayson Hall, and Nancy Barrett star 
Night of Dark Shadows was not as successful as House of Dark Shadows 
This film marked the feature film debut of David Selby and Kate Jackson 

Plot
Handsome young artist Quentin Collins arrives at his newly inherited estate of Collinwood with his beautiful wife Tracy  They meet the housekeeper Carlotta Drake and the caretaker Gerard Stiles  Quentin happens upon a 19th-century portrait of a blonde woman with captivating green eyes that seem to mesmerize him  Carlotta informs him that the woman is Angelique, who had lived there over 100 years earlier  The Collins' friends Alex and Claire Jenkins, who have co-written several successful horror novels, move into a cottage on the estate 
Quentin soon begins to be troubled by startling visions and haunting dreams about one of his ancestors, Charles Collins, and his ancestor's mistress Angelique—who had been hanged as a witch in a past century  Carlotta eventually reveals to Quentin that she is the reincarnation of Sarah Castle, a little girl who had lived at Collinwood over 150 years ago, and that Quentin himself is the reincarnation of Charles Collins  Charles had had an affair with Angelique, wife of his brother Gabriel, resulting in her being hanged—and Charles being sealed alive in the family crypt with Angelique's corpse 
On a trip to New York, the Jenkinses discover a painting of Charles Collins, which bears an uncanny resemblance to Quentin  Convinced that their friends are in grave danger, the couple hurry home to Collinwood, where they are attacked by the ghost of Angelique 
Meanwhile, Quentin has become possessed by the spirit of Charles Collins, and attempts to drown Tracy in a disused swimming pool on the estate  Alex and Claire arrive in time to revive her, but Quentin, having no memory of his actions, refuses to believe their wild tale 
Carlotta and Gerard conspire to eliminate Quentin's loved ones   Quentin, seeing the scratches on his wrist where Tracy had tried to fend him off, realizes the truth of Alex's warning and rushes to rescue his friends   Gerard has managed to take Tracy prisoner (despite his having been shot in the face by Claire), and Quentin fights with him high atop a train trestle   As Gerard slashes Quentin's cheek with a knife, creating a gash in his left cheek that looks remarkably like the one Charles Collins had, Tracy rushes to try to save her husband  She strikes Gerard with a nearby plank, knocking him off Quentin and onto the edge of the trestle  He teeters on the edge for a moment, then plunges to his death after Tracy pushes him 
The group rush back to Collinwood to confront Carlotta  As they arrive, she jumps from the top of the house when she sees the ghostly Angelique beckon her from below 
In the end, the two couples prepare to leave Collinwood forever  Alex and Claire leave first, with Quentin and Tracy following  However, instead of driving away, Quentin returns to the house, saying he intends to retrieve some canvases   When he fails to come back, Tracy follows, only to find him now completely possessed by Charles Collins  Angelique enters the room, reborn in the flesh  The camera freezes on Tracy's face as she begins to scream, as Quentin and Angelique advance on her   A UPI news wire shown at the end reveals that Alex and Claire Jenkins have been killed in a car accident  Witnesses reported seeing a ghostly fog filling the car as it veered off the road 

Cast
David Selby as Quentin Collins and Charles Collins
Grayson Hall as Carlotta Drake
John Karlen as Alex Jenkins
Nancy Barrett as Claire Jenkins
Lara Parker as Angelique Collins
Kate Jackson as Tracy Collins
James Storm as Gerard Stiles
Diana Millay as Laura Collins
Christopher Pennock as Gabriel Collins
Thayer David as Reverend Strack
Monica Rich as Sarah Castle
Clarice Blackburn as Mrs  Castle

Production
After the success of House of Dark Shadows (the 1970 feature film version of Dan Curtis's gothic soap opera Dark Shadows), MGM was ready to back a follow-up film in 1971  Curtis originally wanted to do a direct sequel and revive the vampire Barnabas Collins  Actor Jonathan Frid, however, refused to play the role again for fear of being typecast  Realizing it would be a mistake to recast the popular character, Curtis worked with writer Sam Hall to concoct an all-new storyline 
On March 29, 1971, filming began on Curse of Dark Shadows, later retitled Night of Dark Shadows for its release  Without the headaches of producing the television series concurrently, the production crew was able to achieve a far more polished product than that of the previous year  In order to give the production some authenticity, spiritualist Hans Holzer was employed as an advisor to the production, though his actual contribution to the finished product proved minimal 
The story was very loosely based on the "parallel-time" sequence of the TV series and centered on the show's other popular male lead, Quentin Collins, played by David Selby  Night of Dark Shadows was shot in six weeks on a budget of $900,000 and released in 1971, after the show had left the air  It was not unsuccessful but was less successful than its predecessor 
Hall's script, developed in conjunction with Curtis, was a wistful tale of gothic romance and supernatural reincarnation, bolstered by credible performances from David Selby, Kate Jackson, and Grayson Hall  When filming completed without major problems, Curtis set about editing the final film, which proved far denser and more complex than House of Dark Shadows 
One reason often cited for the film's lack of performance is that MGM forced Curtis to cut over 35 minutes from his finished film, and gave him only 24 hours to do the job  Thus, the film went from approximately 129 minutes to about 94 minutes, which, according to some, caused the film to lose its coherence 
Much of the excised footage was recovered in 1999, but was without sound  This material consists of 16 never-before-seen sequences, extending over a dozen existing scenes, reinstating the darker mood and restoring the original structure and continuity  Highlights of the discovery include flashback between the doomed lovers Charles and Angelique, two new scenes featuring menacing groundskeeper Gerard Stiles, several romantic interludes between Quentin and Tracy, a candlelit "exorcism" sequence in the gallery (the film's original climax), and the "hanging" sequence, as well as several other scenes with intensity on par with an R-rated film 

Home media
Night of Dark Shadows and House of Dark Shadows were released on VHS on September 1, 1998, and on DVD and Blu-ray on October 30, 2012 by Warner Home Video 

See also
List of American films of 1971
Passage 7:
Dark Shadows: Kingdom of the Dead
Dark Shadows: Kingdom of the Dead is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running American horror soap opera series Dark Shadows 

Cast
David Selby – Quentin Collins
Lara Parker – Angelique Bouchard Collins
Kathryn Leigh Scott – Maggie Evans
John Karlen – Willie Loomis
Jerry Lacy – Reverend
Andrew Collins – Barnabas Collins
David Warner – Seraph
Ursula Burton – Susan Griffin
Jamison Selby – Ed Griffin
Lysette Anthony – Doctor Rankin
Alec Newman – Orderly
James Storm – Sheriff Haggerty
Nancy Barrett – Carolyn Stoddard
Marie Wallace – Mrs Griffin
Lizzie Hopley – Street Walker
Richard Halpern – Announcer
Eric Wallace – Conductor

External links
Dark Shadows - 2 0 Kingdom Of The Dead Box Set
Passage 8:
Alkohol
Alkohol (English: Alcohol) is a 1919 German silent drama film directed by Ewald André Dupont and Alfred Lind and starring Wilhelm Diegelmann, Ernst Rückert, and Georg H  Schnell  The film was begun by Lind but finished by Dupont  It was his first major melodrama, and represented a breakthrough in his career  The film's theme and setting foreshadow much of his later work  It was one in a series of "Enlightenment films" examining social issues, which were produced around the time  It premiered at the Marmorhaus in Berlin 

Synopsis
A middle-class man falls in love with a woman from a more ordinary background, and they end up working in a variety act where they sink into alcoholism  He then kills another man who he mistakenly believes is a rival 

Cast
Wilhelm Diegelmann
Ernst Rückert
Georg H  Schnell
Emil Birron
Jean Moreau
Auguste Pünkösdy
Ferry Sikla
Toni Tetzlaff
Hanni Weisse
Maria Zelenka
Passage 9:
Nightstand (disambiguation)
A nightstand is a small bedside table 
Nightstand or Night stand may also refer to:

Nightstand (album), by Tancred, 2018
Night Stand with Dick Dietrick, a 1990s American television comedy show
"Nightstand", a song by K  Michelle from More Issues Than Vogue, 2016

See also
One-night stand
Passage 10:
The Night of Nights
The Night of Nights is a 1939 black-and-white drama film written by Donald Ogden Stewart and directed by Lewis Milestone for Paramount Pictures that starred Pat O'Brien, Olympe Bradna, and Roland Young The film received positive contemporary reviews from publications such as The New York Times  Director Milestone went on to other successful productions after the film came out, including Ocean's 11 and Pork Chop Hill 

Background
Milestone directed The Night of Nights nine years after winning the 1930 Academy Award for Best Director for All Quiet on the Western Front 

Plot
Dan O'Farrell (Pat O'Brien) is a brilliant Broadway theater playwright, actor, and producer who has left the business   When he was younger, he and his partner Barry Keith-Trimble (Roland Young) were preparing for the opening night of O'Farell's play Laughter by getting drunk   When it was time to perform, they were so intoxicated they ended up brawling on stage and fell into the orchestra pit   The two left the theater and continued drinking, until they learn that they have been suspended  At the same time, O'Farrell learns that his wife, actress Alyce Martelle, is pregnant and has left him for ruining her performance in Laughter as Toni   Despondent, he in left the business and went into seclusion 
Years later, his daughter Marie (Olympe Bradna) locates him and inspires him to return to Broadway   He decides to restage Laughter with its original cast, but with Marie substituting for Alyce in the part of Toni   Hoping to make a glorious return with a show that would be a hit with critics and the public alike, O'Farrell enlists the aid of friends to embark on a full-fledged comeback 

Cast
Reception
Frank S  Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the work of actors Pat O'Brien and Roland Young, had "been a labor of love and the film has profited accordingly " In noting that the plot centered on "the theatre and some of the curious folk who inhabit it", the newspaper's review stated that the film had an acceptable sentimentality and shared that the story was "an uncommonly interesting study of a man's mind, subtly written and directed, presented with honesty and commendable sincerity by Mr  O'Brien, Mr  Young and Olympe Bradna, and well worth any one's attention " The only objection in the review was that the stage play Laughter, the piece being produced within the film by O'Brien's character of Dan O'Farrell, "seemed to be the most awful tripe "



ground_truth: Alkohol