prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did the performer of song I'Ll Say It graduate from?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
I'll Say It
"I'll Say It" is a song written by American musician Adam Schlesinger and recorded by comedian Kathy Griffin, released as the theme song for her show, Kathy  It was additionally used as the introduction music to her 2012 comedy special "Kennedie Center on Hers" and continued to be used in future specials  On August 20, 2012, Griffin released a seven track EP containing dance remixes of "I'll Say It" 

Music video
The music video begins in the day with Kathy Griffin in her house preparing her make-up  It shows her daily routine visiting her dogs, leaving the house and driving to a theater, ending with her on stage in her signature pose  The scenes are interlaced with various clips of Los Angeles, California 

Charts
Passage 2:
Kathy Griffin
Kathleen Mary Griffin (born November 4, 1960) is an American comedian and actress who has starred in television comedy specials and has released comedy albums  In 2007 and 2008, Griffin won Primetime Emmy Awards for her reality show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List  She has also appeared in supporting roles in films 
Griffin was born in Oak Park, Illinois  In 1978, she moved to Los Angeles, where she studied drama at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute and became a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings  In the 1990s, Griffin began performing as a stand-up comedian and appeared as a guest star on television shows, including a supporting role on the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan (1996–2000) 
The Bravo reality show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List (2005–2010) became a ratings hit for the network and earned her two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Reality Program  Griffin has released six comedy albums, all of which received Grammy Award nominations  Her first album For Your Consideration (2008) made her the first female comedian to debut at the top of the Billboard Top Comedy Albums chart  In 2009, she released her autobiography Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin  After being nominated for six years in a row for the Grammy for Best Comedy Album, she won the award in 2014 
Griffin has recorded numerous standup comedy specials for HBO and Bravo  For the latter network, she has recorded sixteen television specials, breaking the Guinness World record for the number of aired television specials on any network  In 2011, she also became the first comedian to have four specials televised in a year  Griffin is an LGBTQ activist who supports same-sex marriage and the repeal of "Don't ask, don't tell"  She has participated in two United Service Organizations (USO) tours  Griffin is known for her conversational style and statements about celebrities, religion and sexuality, including holding a mask stylized as Donald Trump's severed head in 2017, which provoked a United States Secret Service investigation and later became the basis of her concert film A Hell of a Story (2019) 

Early life
Kathleen Mary Griffin was born on November 4, 1960, in the Chicago suburb Oak Park, Illinois, to Mary Margaret "Maggie" Griffin (née Corbally, 1920 – 2020) and John Patrick Griffin (1916 – 2007), both of whom were first-generation Irish-Americans  Kathy Griffin has four older siblings; Kenny (died in the 2000s), Joyce (died 2017), Gary (died 2014), and John  Griffin described herself during her early years as "a kid who needed to talk, all the time"  Her brother Gary and her sister Joyce both died from cancer She would often visit her neighbors to tell them stories about her family; she has referred to those visits as her first live shows where she learned "the power of juicy material"  After most of her siblings had moved, Griffin developed a binge eating disorder  In her 2009 autobiography Official Book Club Selection, Griffin said she "still suffers [from food issues]" but has learned to "deal with them" Griffin's eldest brother Kenny was a drug addict and homeless at various times; she said she was "afraid of him until the moment he died" because of his violent, abusive nature  When Kathy was seven, Kenny—who was thirty—would climb into her bed and whisper into her ears; Kathy did not tell her parents until she was in her twenties, at which point he admitted his pedophilia to them At elementary school, Griffin began to develop a dislike for organized religion because of the punishments she and other "vulnerable" students received from the nuns  At her high school, she sought refuge in musical theater, playing roles such as Rosemary in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying and Hodel in Fiddler on the Roof  During her senior year, she wanted to become a professional actor  Her first appearance on television was as an extra on a Chicago White Sox commercial, and she was signed with several Chicago talent agencies  At 18, Griffin persuaded her parents to move to Los Angeles to help her become famous At 19, Griffin attended a performance by the improvisational group The Groundlings  She said, "I thought this is where I want to be  This is the greatest thing in the world "

Career
Stand-up comedy, television and film
Griffin began performing in the early 1990s in the Los Angeles improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings  She went on to perform standup comedy and became part of the alternative comedy scene in Los Angeles  With Janeane Garofalo, she created a standup act called "Hot Cup of Talk", which became the title of her 1998 solo HBO special  Griffin earned a number of television and film credits during the 1990s  She appeared in Julie Brown's Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful, a Showtime parody of the 1991 Madonna film Truth or Dare  Griffin twice appeared as Susan Klein, a reporter on NBC's The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air; it was her television sitcom debut On June 12, 2008, Griffin hosted the first Bravo! Canada A-List Awards, which included a parody of  the "wardrobe malfunction"  experienced by Janet Jackson in the Super Bowl halftime show in 2004  She also hosted the 2009 Bravo A-List Awards, which aired on April 15, 2009, and her Bravo special Kathy Griffin: She'll Cut a Bitch aired beforehand  Shout! Factory released an extended version of the show on DVD in early 2010 On September 8, 2009, Ballantine Books published Griffin's memoir, titled Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin, which debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list  A week prior, she released her second comedy album Suckin' It for the Holidays; it was her second bid to win a Grammy Award  It was announced on November 3, 2009, that Griffin was to host ABC's new show Let's Dance, on which celebrity contestants would have re-enacted famous dance routines while competing for a $250,000 grand prize for their favorite charity Griffin hosted CNN's New Year's Eve broadcast on December 31, 2009, along with Anderson Cooper  As Cooper talked about the Balloon boy hoax, Griffin said "fucking"  Although Griffin was rumored to have been banned from future CNN broadcasts, she co-hosted the show with Cooper until 2017  In 2017, CNN terminated Griffin from its New Year's Eve Broadcast after Griffin showed pictures of herself holding a bloody, model decapitated head resembling President Donald Trump  Griffin has also guest-starred in a 2009 episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, playing a lesbian activist Since the 2008 presidential election, Griffin has made frequent jokes about Republican vice-presidential contender Sarah Palin and her family  On US television program Glee, Griffin parodied Palin posing as a judge at a regional singing competition  Griffin also made fun of Christine O'Donnell in the show by stating, "Before we start, I would like to say I am not a witch" On January 7, 2012, it was announced that Griffin would host a weekly one-hour talk show on the channel Kathy, which would consist of standup routines, "rant about pop culture", and celebrity interviews  On April 8, 2013, during a live standup performance in Cincinnati, Ohio, Griffin announced that her show would not be renewed for a third season  She later confirmed it on her Twitter account  According to FOX 411, Bravo was planning to film several comedy specials starring Griffin after the show ended On June 13, 2014, it was announced that Griffin would host the 41st Daytime Emmy Awards  For the first time in the event's four-decade history, the show bypassed a network television airing for a live online streaming media event  The ceremony took place on June 22, 2014  Griffin's performance was well received by critics 

Guest co-host of The View
Kathy Griffin served as a co-host of The View from May 2007 to September 2007, replacing the recently departed Rosie O'Donnell  According to Griffin she is banned from The View after talking about the show on her televised comedy special, Kathy Griffin: Straight to Hell 
She declined to discuss the ban on Access Hollywood As of August 2009, Griffin had been un-banned from The View and was a guest on September 18, 2009, and June 15, 2010  In an interview on The Talk, Griffin stated she has been re-banned from The View due to an argument with its co-host Elisabeth Hasselbeck 

Laugh Your Head Off World Tour 2017–2018
In August 2017, Griffin announced a worldwide comedy tour  The title "Laugh Your Head Off" was a reference to her depiction of an effigy of U S  President Donald Trump's severed head  The tour visited major cities in Singapore, Australia, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and many more European, and Asian cities  Several shows sold out within minutes of going on sale, leading to Griffin adding several shows to the lineup  She continued with a North America leg of the tour, commencing May 23, 2018, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and including both Radio City Music Hall and Carnegie Hall in New York City 

Controversies
Various talk shows bans
Griffin said she was banned from appearing on several television shows including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The View  She was re-banned from The View after making a joke about Barbara Walters  She says Ellen's producers told her they cannot have her "trashing celebrities" but she appeared as a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on September 11, 2007  Griffin made a joke during a 2005 E! televised event saying eleven-year-old actor Dakota Fanning had entered drug rehabilitation 

Emmy Awards controversy
The second season of My Life on the D-List, which premiered June 2006, earned Griffin the 2007 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Program, non-competition  She received it during the Creative Arts Emmy Awards, which was hosted by Carlos Mencia and aired on E! in September  Griffin said,

Now, a lot of people come up here and thank Jesus for this award  I want you to know that no one had less to do with this award than Jesus  He didn't help me a bit  If it was up to him, Cesar Millan would be up here with that damn dog  So all I can say is suck it, Jesus, this award is my God now!
Griffin later said she meant this remark as a satire of celebrities who thank Jesus for their awards, especially artists who are controversial in their speech and actions, rather than as a slight on Jesus  The academy said her "offensive remarks will not be part of the E! telecast on Saturday night"  Griffin said she was fired from an appearance on Hannah Montana because of her Emmy acceptance speech 

Ban from Apollo Theater
In a July 2009 episode of My Life on the D-List, Griffin used profanity in an Octomom joke during her routine at New York's Apollo Theater  Griffin said she received a letter banning her from the venue 

Depiction of Donald Trump
On May 30, 2017, Griffin posted a video of herself holding "a mask styled to look like the severed, bloody head" of then U S  President Donald Trump, in an obvious parody of the classical myth of Perseus and Medusa  It was posted on her Instagram and Twitter accounts  She wrote: "I caption this 'there was blood coming out of his eyes, blood coming out of his     wherever'", referencing a comment Trump had made about Megyn Kelly  The video was from a session with photographer Tyler Shields, who is known for producing "shocking" imagery  Griffin later took down the image and apologized for posting the image, saying she went too far and adding, "I beg for your forgiveness" On June 2, 2017, an attorney for Griffin, Lisa Bloom, stated, "Like many edgy works of artistic expression, the photo could be interpreted different ways  But Griffin never imagined that it could be misinterpreted as a threat of violence against Trump  That was never what she intended  She has never threatened or committed an act of violence against anyone " Griffin said the Trump family was "trying to ruin my life forever" In May 2017, Griffin was dropped by Squatty Potty as a spokesperson  CNN fired her from its New Year's Eve broadcast with Anderson Cooper  Cooper said, "For the record, I am appalled by the photo shoot Kathy Griffin took part in  It is clearly disgusting and completely inappropriate " All of Griffin's remaining scheduled tour dates were canceled by their venues  During an interview on Australian television in August 2017, Griffin talked about the photo, saying, "Stop acting like my little picture is more important than talking about the actual atrocities that the president of the United States is committing"  In November 2017, she appeared on Skavlan, where she said, "I take that apology back by the way  I take it back big time"  Griffin said she had received a lot of bad advice at the time On October 28, 2017, Griffin uploaded a YouTube video titled "Kathy Griffin: A Hell of a Story", which is about the backlash she received for the Trump photo controversy  It was the basis for her A Hell of a Story concert film  She said she was under a federal investigation by the Justice Department for two months and was on the No Fly List during that time  She also said she was put on the Interpol list, the Five Eyes list, and had been detained at every airport during her Laugh Your Head Off World Tour On November 4, 2020 (her 60th birthday and the day after the 2020 United States presidential election), Griffin once again posted a photo of her posing with a model of Donald Trump's bloody, decapitated head 

Twitter suspension
On November 6, 2022, Griffin was suspended from Twitter for impersonating Elon Musk  Griffin used his profile photo and changed her name on the service, tweeting under his name imploring people to vote for Democrats in the upcoming midterm elections and encouraging them to retweet and spread her post  She also posted that she, posing as Musk, had decided to vote blue to support women's rights  Musk tweeted the same day that anyone impersonating a public figure would be permanently suspended unless the account was clearly marked as parody  On the next day, Griffin posted on her deceased mother's Twitter account, calling Musk an "asshole"  She further challenged the site's policy that she had used her Twitter profile for impersonation  Musk tweeted sardonically in reply to another tweet, "Actually she was suspended for impersonating a comedian " On November 18, Elon Musk announced that her account has been reinstated due to new rules concerning "negative/hate tweets" 

Style of humor
Griffin developed her love of popular culture through her immediate and extended family, who were frequently commenting about the latest news  She said; "I may have been into The Brady Bunch like every other kid, but I also wanted to watch John Lennon and Yoko Ono on The Dick Cavett Show, and every minute of the Watergate hearings  It was
fear of the dinner table that got me hooked " She has also named her mother Maggie as influential in her consumption of pop culture, calling her "the ideal audience for the Hollywood dish"  Griffin named the character Rhoda Morgenstern of 1970s sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show as an influence Griffin established her career with candid observations of everyday life and her dating experiences, later focusing on mocking celebrities; her act currently consists of embellished stories involving celebrities  Griffin hopes people understand that no malice is intended by her humor  "I'm genuinely a fan of most of the people I trash in the act", she said; "I really, really try and focus on making fun of people for their behavior  I'm not so into making fun of someone for the way they look, or something that's out of their control "Griffin is sometimes the object of her own humor, particularly with regard to her D-list status  She portrays herself as a Hollywood outsider and has a group of close celebrity friends such as Rosie O'Donnell, Joan Rivers, Jerry Seinfeld, Gloria Estefan, and Lance Bass  Her longtime friendship with Bass was the catalyst for a feud between Griffin and gossip blogger Perez Hilton In 2007, Griffin commented on her aversion to making fun of celebrity friends; "There's nothing I won't do, but on the other hand I'm full of shit because that changes"  Griffin and Hilton ended their feud after the death of Griffin's father, and Hilton appeared on an episode of Griffin's show in 2007 

LGBT rights and political advocacy
Griffin is a supporter for LGBT rights, including same-sex marriage  She has protested with fellow proponents in West Hollywood, California, and included the footage from protests on her reality show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List  Her mother is also a supporter of LGBT rights and is seen on the same show protesting alongside her daughter  Prior to the Proposition 8 ballot results, Griffin volunteered for the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center's "Vote for Equality" campaign, going door-to-door asking Los Angeles residents for their opinion of LGBT marriage rights In March 2010, Griffin helped organize a rally in Washington, D C , to advocate the repeal of "Don't ask, don't tell"  She stated she organized the rally after meeting with several closeted gay people serving in Iraq and Afghanistan  Griffin held meetings with several Members of Congress to encourage its repeal; she also organized a rally in Freedom Plaza Griffin caused controversy when she confronted Republican Congresswoman Michele Bachmann over her views on homosexuality at the 2010 Radio and Television Correspondents' Association Dinner; according to Griffin, she asked Bachmann "were you born a bigot or did you grow into it", a reference to Bachmann's belief homosexuality is strictly environmental  Griffin said Bachmann replied, "That's a good question, I'll have to think about that"  Bachmann's office confirmed the exchange but said Griffin confronted Bachmann after Bachmann approached Griffin to compliment her appearance Griffin is a long-time supporter of the Aid for AIDS annual fundraiser Best in Drag Show in Los Angeles, and hosted the opening of the show for more than five years  In November 2009, Aid For AIDS presented Kathy Griffin with an AFA Angel Award at their silver anniversary celebration Griffin is a long-time critic of Sarah Palin and has made fun of Palin's daughter, Bristol Palin, using the Palin family as material for her comedy routines  In March 2011, Sarah Palin responded to Griffin by calling her a "bully"  In her reality television show, Griffin visited the Palin family home in Wasilla, Alaska, and invited Palin to attend her stand-up show in Anchorage, Alaska  Griffin has also poked fun at Willow Palin as a result of Palin's Facebook statements on homosexuality In 2020, Griffin hosted the Str8Up Gay Porn Awards 

Personal life
Griffin  is an atheist  Speaking to Sacramento's Outword Magazine, Griffin said: "    I think I'm getting more atheist because of the way the country is getting more into bible-thumping"  She also describes herself as a "non-believer"  In her book Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin, Griffin said that while in high school, she fell away from the Roman Catholic Church  She considered becoming a Unitarian but was not sure what that would involve  On March 9, 2008, Kathy Griffin became an ordained minister with the Universal Life Church In a 2006 interview, Griffin said she does not drink alcohol Griffin is an opponent of LASIK eye surgery, having had a series of operations that left her partially blind in one eye with a visible eyeball deformity Griffin's only sister, Joyce Patricia Griffin, died in September 2017, from an undisclosed form of cancer  Kathy had shaved her head in solidarity with her in late July  Her brother Gary died of esophageal cancer in 2014  Her estranged eldest brother, Kenny, died in October 2001 in their mother's arms Her father, John Patrick Griffin, died of heart failure on February 17, 2007; he was 91 years old  The episode related to his death was aired on June 19, 2007  Her mother, Maggie Griffin, who was featured in her reality show, died on March 17, 2020  In a post on her social media accounts, Griffin stated, "I am gutted  My best friend  I am shaking  I won't ever be prepared  I'm so grateful you guys got to be part of her life  You knew her  You loved her  She knew it  Oh, and OF COURSE she went on St  Patrick's Day "She placed 17th on Oxygen's 2007 list of "The 50 Funniest Women Alive"  In 2009, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to her In August 2021, Griffin announced that she had been diagnosed with lung cancer, despite not being a smoker, and needed to have half of her left lung removed  She underwent surgery the same month In April 2023, Griffin revealed she was diagnosed with an "extreme case" of PTSD 

Marriage and relationships
Griffin married computer administrator Matt Moline in 2001, after being introduced by Moline's sister, television producer Rebecca Moline  They divorced in May 2006  On Larry King Live, Griffin accused Moline of stealing $72,000 from her; Matt Moline did not respond to the allegation publicly but stated he was saddened by it In July 2007, rumors that Griffin was dating Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak circulated  Griffin and Wozniak attended the 2007 Emmy Awards together  On Tom Green's House Tonight on February 6, 2008, Griffin confirmed her relationship with Wozniak  Wozniak and Griffin served as King and Queen of the Humane Society of Silicon Valley Fur Ball on April 5, 2008, in Santa Clara, California  In June 2008, it was confirmed that Griffin and Wozniak were no longer dating On August 9, 2009, Griffin attended the Teen Choice Awards with Levi Johnston and subsequently interviewed him on Larry King Live  In the interview, Griffin and Johnston joked that they were in a serious relationship On March 7, 2011, while appearing on The Howard Stern Show, Griffin announced she was romantically involved with actor and former NFL practice-squad player Isaiah Mustafa  Mustafa later stated he was single In the same interview, she stated the previous July, she had ended a four-year relationship with a man she did not identify but said he is "a regular guy with a regular job", and that it was a "messy breakup"  It was later revealed the man is Griffin's tour manager, who had appeared on several seasons of My Life on the D List From 2012 until November 2018, Griffin was in a relationship with marketing executive Randy Bick  They reconciled in April 2019  She resided in the Hollywood Hills from 2004 to 2016  She has resided in Bel Air since  Griffin married Bick at her home on January 1, 2020, in a ceremony officiated by comedian Lily Tomlin 

Filmography
Film
Television
Other
Stand-up specials
Discography
On June 10, 2008, Griffin released a comedy CD titled For Your Consideration  The disc was recorded at the ETK Theatre at the Grand Theatre Center For The Arts in Tracy, California on February 17, 2008  Griffin stated she decided to release the CD to try to win a Grammy award On August 25, 2009, Griffin released a second comedy album, Suckin' It for the Holidays, in another bid for a Grammy Griffin received her third Grammy nomination for Kathy Griffin: Does the Bible Belt in 2010, On May 4, 2012, the full length version of "I'll Say It", the theme song of her show Kathy, was released to iTunes as a single 
On August 20, 2012, Griffin released a seven-track EP containing dance remixes of "I'll Say It" 

Bibliography
Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin  Ballantine Books  2009  ISBN 978-0345518569 
Kathy Griffin's Celebrity Run-Ins: My A-Z Index  Flatiron Books  2016  ISBN 978-1250115638 

Awards and nominations
Primetime Emmy Awards
Emmy Awards source:
Grammy Awards
Grammy Awards source:
GLAAD Media Awards

PGA Awards

Gracie Awards
Passage 3:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb
Passage 4:
Ruth Lowe
Ruth Lowe (August 12, 1914 – January 4, 1981) was a Canadian pianist and songwriter  She composed the first Billboard top 80 song "I'll Never Smile Again" 

Early life
Born in Toronto but raised in Glendale, California, Lowe returned to her birth country of Canada as a young woman and began working as a pianist  In 1936, Lowe was working in the 'Song Shop' in Toronto when Ina Ray Hutton brought her all-female band (the Melodears) to town  Her piano player had taken ill, and Hutton was frantically trying to locate a good-looking blonde lady replacement  Lowe auditioned, and became the regular pianist in Ina Ray's band  At age 23 in 1938, Lowe married Harold Cohen, a Chicago music publicist  It was a happy marriage that only lasted one year until Cohen's death during an operation in 1939  In her deep grief, Lowe returned to live in Toronto  In her apartment, she composed "I'll Never Smile Again" 

Songwriter
The song "I'll Never Smile Again" was first heard on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's (CBC) radio program Music By Faith, in an arrangement by Canadian musician Percy Faith, who would soon go on to fame in the US and the world  Approximately a year later, Lowe passed a copy of the tune to a guitarist in the Tommy Dorsey band, Carmen Mastren, hoping to have Dorsey hear the tune  Dorsey initially passed on the song, giving it to Glenn Miller, but then had it arranged for his young singer, Frank Sinatra, and the Pied Pipers  It was an early, major hit song for Sinatra  Lowe wrote the lyrics for another Frank Sinatra hit, "Put Your Dreams Away (For Another Day)"  She and her son Tom Sandler wrote the song "Take Your Sins to the River" for The Travellers 

Personal life and legacy
In 1945, Lowe married Nathan Sandler and the union produced two sons, Tommy and Stephen Lowe died of cancer in 1981  "I'll Never Smile Again" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982 In 2020, Until I Smile at You: How One Girl’s Heartbreak Electrified Frank Sinatra’s Fame!, a biography written by Peter Jennings with Tom Sandler, Lowe’s son, was published by Castle Carrington Publishing In 2021, Ruth's Wonderful Song, a children's book biography by Jennings, was published by Tellwell Talent 
Passage 5:
Caspar Babypants
Caspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist Chris Ballew, who is also the vocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States of America 

History
Ballew's first brush with children's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs to the nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled "PEPS Sing A Long!" Although that was a positive experience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist Kate Endle  Her art inspired Ballew to consider making music that "sounded like her art looked" as he has said  Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the public domain to interpret and make his own  The first album, Here I Am!, was recorded during the summer of 2008 and released in February 2009 
Ballew began to perform solo as Caspar Babypants in the Seattle area in January 2009  Fred Northup, a Seattle-based comedy improvisor, heard the album and offered to play as his live percussionist   Northrup also suggested his frequent collaborator Ron Hippe as a keyboard player  "Frederick Babyshirt" and "Ronald Babyshoes" were the Caspar Babypants live band from May 2009 to April 2012  Both Northup and Hippe appear on some of his recordings but since April 2012 Caspar Babypants has exclusively performed solo  The reasons for the change were to include more improvisation in the show and to reduce the sound levels so that very young children and newborns could continue to attend without being overstimulated  
Ballew has made two albums of Beatles covers as Caspar Babypants  Baby Beatles! came out in September 2013 and Beatles Baby! came out in September 2015 
Ballew runs the Aurora Elephant Music record label, books shows, produces, records, and masters the albums himself  Distribution for the albums is handled by Burnside Distribution in Portland, Oregon 
Caspar Babypants has released a total of 17 albums  The 17th album, BUG OUT!, was released on May 1, 2020  His album FLYING HIGH! was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Children's Album  All 17 of the albums feature cover art by Ballew's wife, Kate Endle 
"FUN FAVORITES!" and "HAPPY HITS!" are two vinyl-only collections of hit songs that Caspar Babypants has released in the last couple of years 

Discography
AlbumsPEPS (2002)
Here I Am! (Released 03/17/09) Special guests: Jen Wood, Fysah Thomas
More Please! (Released 12/15/09) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe
This Is Fun! (Released 11/02/10)  Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Krist Novoselic, Charlie Hope
Sing Along! (Released 08/16/11) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Stone Gossard, Frances England, Rachel Loshak
Hot Dog! (Released 04/17/12) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Rachel Flotard (Visqueen)
I Found You! (Released 12/18/12) Special guests: Steve Turner (Mudhoney), Rachel Flotard (Visqueen), John Richards
Baby Beatles! (Released 09/15/13)
Rise And Shine! (Released 09/16/14)
Night Night! (Released 03/17/15)
Beatles Baby! (Released 09/18/2015)
Away We Go! (Released 08/12/2016)
Winter Party! (Released 11/18/16)
Jump For Joy! (Released 08/18/17)
Sleep Tight! (Released 01/19/18)
Keep It Real! (Released 08/17/18)
Best Beatles! (Released 03/29/19)
Flying High! (Released 08/16/19)
Bug Out! (released 05/1/20)
Happy Heart! (Released 11/13/20)
Easy Breezy! (Released 11/05/21)AppearancesMany Hands: Family Music for Haiti CD (released 2010) – Compilation of various artists
Songs Stories And Friends: Let's Go Play – Charlie Hope (released 2011) – vocals on Alouette
Shake It Up, Shake It Off (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Keep Hoping Machine Running – Songs Of Woody Guthrie (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Apple Apple – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2013) – vocals on Monkey Love
Simpatico – Rennee and Friends (released 2015) – writer and vocals on I Am Not Afraid
Sundrops – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2015) – vocals on Digga Dog Kid
Passage 6:
Say It Ain't So
"Say It Ain't So" is a song by American rock band Weezer  It was released as the third and final single from the band's self-titled 1994 debut album on May 15, 1995  Written by frontman Rivers Cuomo, the song came to be after he had all the music finished and one line, "Say it ain't so"  Cuomo made a connection to an incident in high school where he came home and saw a bottle of beer in the fridge  He believed his mother and father's marriage ended because his father was an alcoholic, and this made him fear the marriage between his mother and step-father would end this way as well "Say It Ain't So" is widely considered one of the band's best songs  In 2015, Loudwire ranked the song number three on their list of the 10 greatest Weezer songs, and in 2021, Kerrang ranked the song number two on their list of the 20 greatest Weezer songs  In 2008, Rolling Stone ranked "Say It Ain't So" number 72 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time " Pitchfork included the song at number 10 on its "Top 200 Tracks of the 1990s" 

Composition
"Say It Ain't So" is an alternative rock and emo song that lasts a duration of 4 minutes, 18 seconds  According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes com by Hal Leonard Music, it is written in the time signature of common time, with a moderate rock tempo of 76 beats per minute  "Say It Ain't So" is composed in the key of C minor (Cm), while Rivers Cuomo's vocal range spans two octaves, from the low-note of B♭3 to the high-note of B♭5  The song has a basic sequence of Cm7–Gadd♯9–A♭–E♭ in the verses and interludes, changes to C5–G5–A♭5–E♭5 at the chorus and follows B♭5–B♭5/A–E♭5–G♭5 during the bridge as its chord progression 

Music video
The music video for "Say It Ain't So", directed by Sophie Muller, met with less success than the previous two Weezer videos directed by Spike Jonze, but the song still successfully climbed to the top 10 of the Modern Rock Tracks chart  As noted in the Weezer DVD collection Video Capture Device and the slip cover of the re-released special edition of the group's debut album, the band filmed the music video at the house where the band used to rehearse and record  The video also features a cameo by the band's webmaster/band photographer/archivist and close friend for many years, Karl Koch  A small poster of Mercyful Fate/King Diamond frontman King Diamond is visible several times throughout the video, most clearly during the final chorus, just as Rivers Cuomo turns his mic around 

Song mixes
Two mixes of the song exist  The original album pressings had a mix with slightly different sounding drums, bass and no guitar feedback  However, when the band released the single, the mix that kept the guitar feedback in the song was used  The band liked this mix so much that the members asked for it to replace the version on the album, after the album had sold 3 million copies  The album now features the version with the feedback  The deluxe version features both mixes 

Track listing
Standard CD, 10-inch, and cassette single
"Say It Ain't So" (remix) – 4:17
"No One Else" (live and acoustic) – 3:15
"Jamie" (live and acoustic) – 3:53All live acoustic tracks were recorded on 99X in Atlanta, Georgia 

Personnel
Rivers Cuomo – lead vocals, lead and rhythm guitar
Matt Sharp – bass, backing vocals
Brian Bell – backing vocals
Patrick Wilson – drums

Charts
Certifications
Release history
Covers
The band Further Seems Forever covered the song on the Weezer tribute album Rock Music: A Tribute to Weezer  An episode of "One Tree Hill" featured a cover by MoZella, Wakey!Wakey!, and Juliana Hatfield  Deftones, the Sleeping, Young Guns, Finch, Real Estate and Dashboard Confessional have also covered the song live  Asher Roth sampled the song for his debut rap single "I Love College"  After the song leaked onto the internet, Rivers Cuomo reportedly refused to clear the sample, which prompted Roth to debut a remixed version of his song as his official debut single  Canadian Hip hop artist K-OS has also covered "Say It Ain't So" for his live EP "Much Music Presents: k-os Live", featuring vocals from Benjamin Kowalewicz of Billy Talent in 2011  Foster the People also covered the song in August 2011, after Weezer did a version of "Pumped Up Kicks"  Chiptune artist Inverse Phase parodied the song on a Commodore 64, titling it "Say It Ain't Sixty-FO" Calpurnia covered the song for Spotify's Under Cover podcast in 2018

In popular culture
"Say It Ain't So" is a playable track in the video games Rock Band and Rocksmith 2014 in addition to appearing on an episode of Hindsight 
Passage 7:
Say It, Say It
"Say It, Say It" is the debut single by American singer–songwriter (and future voice actress) E  G  Daily  It was released in 1985 as the lead single from her debut album Wild Child  The single went to number one on the U S  Dance Club Play chart for one week   On other US charts,  "Say It, Say It"  went to number 71 on the soul chart and number 70 on the Hot 100 

Track listings
7" single (1986)

"Say It, Say It" – 4:34
"Don't Let Them Take the Child Away" – 3:3512" single (1986)

"Say It, Say It" (Extended version) – 6:52
"Say It, Say It" – 4:34
"Say It, Say It" (Dub version) – 4:40UK 12" single (1986)

"Say It, Say It" (Extended version) – 6:52
"Say It, Say It" (Dub version) – 4:40
"Don't Let Them Take the Child Away" – 3:35A&M Extended Memories 12" single (1989)

"Livin' It Up (Friday Night)" (performed by Bell and James) – 7:03
"Say It, Say It" (Extended version) – 6:52

Charts
Music video
The music video for the song is a take of the 1962 film, Lolita 
Passage 8:
Where Did the Good Times Go?
Over Here! is a musical with a score by Richard M  Sherman and Robert B  Sherman and book by Will Holt  The original Broadway production was directed by Tom Moore and choreographed by Patricia Birch, with scenic design by Douglas W  Schmidt and costumes by Carrie F  Robbins 
Over Here! was a follow-up to the Sherman brothers' World War II musical Victory Canteen, an off-Broadway production that featured 1940s icon Patty Andrews  The setting is a cross-country train trip in the United States during World War II (hence the name of the play, in contrast to the popular patriotic war anthem entitled Over There)  The show begins as a nostalgic look at 1940s America (where fashion, music, big bands and swing dance dominates) but,  quickly evolves into a social commentary about the fear of dying in battle, prejudice, and discrimination 

Production history
After thirteen previews, the show opened on March 6, 1974 at the Shubert Theatre, where it ran for 341 performances and became the top-grossing production of the 1974 Broadway season  It is largely credited as the Broadway musical which launched many careers  The opening night cast included Patty  and Maxene Andrews (of the Andrews Sisters) and newcomers John Travolta, Treat Williams, Marilu Henner, Samuel E  Wright, and Ann Reinking, all of whom went on to achieve successful careers  Despite still playing to capacity audiences, the show closed on January 4, 1975 under controversial conditions  "The producers blamed Patty and Maxine, claiming they wanted more money and made unreasonable demands, and cancelled the national tour  The Andrews sisters blamed the producers, claiming they had mismanaged the show from the beginning and were now using them as scapegoats " According to an article in The New York Times, the tour was cancelled due to a "salary dispute" between the Andrews sisters and the producers Radar online and the official site reported that Cody Linley would be starring in an all-new production of Over Here! set to launch early in 2010 at the Saban Theatre, Beverly Hills and an official website showed open auditions  In an interview, Linley confirmed that he would play the role of Bill  The production has been postponed indefinitely 
The postponed 2010 production was an "all-new" production with a modified book by original playwright Will Holt, choreographed by Tony Stevens, designed by Royal Court designer Mark Walters with associate designer Christopher Hone and Costume Designer David Toser, featuring Music Supervision by David Barber  
Dick Van Dyke had agreed to head an all-star cast; however, he was forced to withdraw days before the start date when his partner Michelle's illness became terminal  Unable to find an immediate replacement for Van Dyke at such short notice, the producers rescheduled the production to premiere in California in 2016, following which a US tour was planned  Neither came to fruition  
There was a 2019 Off-Broadway revival at the Triad Theatre in New York City starring Debbie Gravitte, Haley Swindal as Pauline, Jessica Hendy as Paulette, Nikka Graff Lanzarone as Mitzi, Mark William, Dani Apple, and Kristina Nicole Miller  The production was adapted into a 85-minute one act by director Will Nunziata, music director Blake Allen, and choreographer Andrew Black  The revival featured all the music from the original Broadway production, albeit in a different order, except for "Don't Shoo the Hooey to Me, Louie"  The third verse of "Star-Spangled Banner" was sung by Miller where in the original production, the anthem was spoken 

Song list
Awards and nominations
Original Broadway production
2019 Revival
Passage 9:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 10:
Say It (Booty Luv song)
"Say It" is a song by female English dance music duo Booty Luv  The song was written by Carl Björsell, Didrik Thott, Sebastian Thott and produced by Wez Clarke  It was released as the duo's sixth official single and the first single from their unfinished and unreleased second album  The song premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 10 April 2009  The single was then released four months later on 31 August 2009 through recording label Hed Kandi  "Say It" is an up-tempo song and has prominent dance and electronic dance characteristics  The song's lyrics evoke situations of lust and seduction whilst out at a club 
The song garnered commercial success for Booty Luv in the United Kingdom, where it reached a chart peak of number 16, becoming the group's fifth consecutive top twenty hit on this chart and at the same time outpeaking previous UK single "Some Kinda Rush "
A hotel/casino party-themed music video directed by Emile Nava, to "Say It" was released on 23 July 2009  The duo promoted the song by performing it on various television shows and at various venues, of which included GMTV and Sony Ericsson's Dance Nation Festival 
This was planned to be the first single off the band's second studio album Say It Now, which was scheduled for release in November 2009, but due to the low chart placing of "Say It", the album was eventually cancelled 

Background
"Say It" was written by Carl Björsell, Didrik Thott and Sebastian Thott  It was produced and mixed by Wez Clarke and co-produced by Airborn, all of whom had worked on tracks for the likes of Westlife, Delta Goodrem and Lindsay Lohan  Backing vocals were courtesy of Jeanette Olsson and the track was recorded by Booty Luv at Hed Kandi Studios in London The song takes on a more electro sound compared to previous songs, as Cherise Roberts described the track's sound inspiration in an interview: "We're trying to go for a new kind of sound, but not too different  We just want to show progression "The song was composed in a key of C sharp minor and runs at a tempo of 126 96 beats per minute  The song was produced with consistence of various drum and bass and electronica instrumentation  In addition to sirens, synthesisers and vocoders 
In an interview with Digital Spy, Roberts explained the lyrical concept behind "Say It:"

It's so straightforward we hardly need to explain it! Sometimes you go to a club, catch a guy's eye and have an immediate connection with him  It gets to the end of the night and you're like 'Oh, I wish he'd said something to me'  The song's basically saying, 'If you've got something to say, come and say it before it's too late' 

Reception
The single received positive reviews from music critics alike 
Nick Levine of Digital Spy described the "Cracker" as "Working more of an electro sound in its verses but the surging chorus and sassy lyrics are business as usual for the dance-pop duo " About com said "Say It", their song of the day for 28 September, "moves more in the electro direction while maintaining the pophouse feel that we all love them for " Popjustice deemed the song as "amazing " Kickinthepeanuts reviewed the song as being "a big, loud, dancey, amazing, rather gay-night-club-sounding banga "

Music video
The music video for "Say It" was first shown on 23 July on UK music channels, and was directed by Emile Nava 

Synopsis
It shows the girls arriving at a posh hotel  The girls first spot men as they enter the hotel lobby and move to their suite  The girls then head downstairs to a mini casino where they gamble  The girls are then seen against various backgrounds and laying on chairs  Finally, the girls have a party in their hotel room and invite their friends and some men to their hotel rooms, before sending them away 

Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Context 3: Passage 1:
O Valencia!
"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife 
The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy  It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers  The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang  At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer 

Track listing
The 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side 

Music videos
For the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage  Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea  The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2  The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location  At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape  Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office"  The letters have all burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song  The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers  Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis)  They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan  Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before they gang up on him  The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca  They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch  After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection  2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe  The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town  Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick 
The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums)  The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives"  The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in Bottle Rocket 
Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists video footage 
Passage 2:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb
Passage 3:
Panda (Astro song)
Astro is the first album of long duration (after the EP Le disc of Astrou) of Chilean indie band Astro, released in 2011  The first single from the album was "Ciervos" and followed "Colombo", "Panda" and "Manglares" 
This album was chosen by National Public Radio among the 50 discs of 2012 

Track listing
All tracks written by Andrés Nusser, except where noted 

Ciervos (Deer)
Coco (Coconut)
Colombo
Druida de las nubes (Druid of the clouds)
Panda
Miu-Miu
Manglares (Mangroves)
Mira, está nevando en las pirámides (Look, it's snowing in the pyramids)
Volteretas (Tumbles)
Pepa
Nueces de Bangladesh (Nuts of Bangladesh)
Miu-Miu reaparece (Miu-Miu reappears)

Personnel
Astro

Andrés Nusser – vocals, guitar
Octavio Caviares – drums
Lego Moustache – keyboards, percussion
Zeta Moustache – keyboards, bassProduction

Andrés Nusser – producer, recording and mixing
Chalo González – mixing and mastering
Cristóbal Carvajal – recording
Ignacio Soto – recording
Passage 4:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 5:
George Michael
George Michael (born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou; 25 June 1963 – 25 December 2016) was an English singer-songwriter, record producer, and musician  He is one of the best-selling musicians of all time, with his sales estimated at between 100 million and 125 million records worldwide  A prominent figure in popular music, Michael was known as a creative force in songwriting, vocal performance, and visual presentation  He achieved 13 number one songs on the UK Singles Chart and 10 number one songs on the US Billboard Hot 100  Michael won numerous music awards, including two Grammy Awards, three Brit Awards, twelve Billboard Music Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards  He was listed among Billboard's the "Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time" and Rolling Stone's the “200 Greatest Singers of All Time”  The Radio Academy named him the most played artist on British radio during the period 1984–2004  Michael has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the UK Music hall of fame Born in East Finchley, Middlesex, Michael rose to fame as a member of the music duo Wham! and later embarked on a solo career  After he formed Wham! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981, the band's first two albums, Fantastic (1983) and Make It Big (1984), reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200  Their hit singles included "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" and "Last Christmas"  Establishing themselves as a global act, Wham! toured China in April 1985; the tour was the first visit to China by a Western popular music act, and it generated worldwide media coverage Michael's first solo single "Careless Whisper" (1984) reached number one in over 20 countries, including the UK and US  Before embarking on the production of his first solo album, Michael went on to release two number one solo singles, "A Different Corner" and the Aretha Franklin duet "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"  Michael's debut solo album, Faith (1987) topping the UK Albums Chart and staying at number one on the Billboard 200 for 12 weeks  Globally it sold 25 million copies, and four singles from the album—"Faith", "Father Figure", "One More Try", and "Monkey"—reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100  Michael became the best-selling music artist of 1988, and Faith was awarded Album of the Year at the 1989 Grammy Awards  His second solo album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 (1990), sold approximately over eight million copies and was a UK number one  It included the Billboard Hot 100 number one "Praying for Time" and the worldwide hit "Freedom! '90"  A 1991 live duet with Elton John, "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", was also a transatlantic number one  Michael went on to release two more multimillion-selling albums, Older (1996) and Patience (2004) 
Outside music, Michael was an active LGBT rights campaigner and HIV/AIDS charity fundraiser  His personal life, drug use, and legal troubles made headlines during the late 1990s and 2000s, as he was arrested for public lewdness in 1998 and was arrested for multiple drug-related offences after that time  Michael came out as gay in 1998  The 2005 documentary A Different Story covered his career and personal life  Michael's 25 Live tour spanned three tours from 2006 to 2008  Michael fell into a coma in 2011 during a bout with pneumonia, but later recovered  He performed his final concert at London's Earls Court in 2012  Michael died of heart disease on Christmas Day in 2016, at his home in Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire 

Early life
George Michael was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (Greek: Γεώργιος Κυριάκος Παναγιώτου) on 25 June 1963, in East Finchley  His father, Kyriacos "Jack" Panayiotou, was a Greek-Cypriot restaurateur who emigrated from Patriki, Cyprus, to England in the 1950s  His mother, Lesley Angold (born Harrison, died 1997), was an English dancer  In June 2008, Michael told the Los Angeles Times that his maternal grandmother was Jewish, but she married a non-Jewish man and raised her children with no knowledge of their Jewish background due to her fear during World War II  Michael spent most of his childhood in Kingsbury, London, in the home his parents bought soon after his birth; he attended Roe Green Junior School and Kingsbury High School  Michael had two sisters: Yioda (born 1958) and Melanie (1960–2019)  On the BBC's Desert Island Discs, he disclosed that his interest in music followed an injury to his head around the age of eight 

Early music
While Michael was in his early teens, the family moved to Radlett  There, Michael began attending Bushey Meads School in Bushey, where he, as "Yog", met, sat down next to, and befriended, his future Wham! partner Andrew Ridgeley  The two had the same career ambition of being musicians  Michael busked on the London Underground, performing songs such as "'39" by Queen  His involvement in the music business began with his working as a DJ, playing at the Bel Air Restaurant in Northwood, London, clubs, and local schools around Bushey, Stanmore, and Watford  This was followed by the formation of a short-lived ska band called The Executive, with Ridgeley, Ridgeley's brother Paul, Andrew Leaver, Jamie Gould, and David Mortimer (later known as David Austin) 

Wham!
Michael formed the duo Wham! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981  On the cusp of fame, he decided to legally change his name to the more accessible George Michael  The band's first album Fantastic reached No  1 in the UK in 1983 and produced a series of top 10 singles including "Young Guns", "Wham Rap!", and "Club Tropicana"  Their second album, Make It Big, reached No  1 on the charts in the US  Singles from that album included "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" (No  1 in the UK and US), "Freedom", "Everything She Wants", and "Careless Whisper" which reached No  1 in nearly 25 countries, including the UK and US, and was Michael's first solo effort as a single  In December 1984, the single "Last Christmas" was released  In 1985 Michael received the first of his three Ivor Novello Awards for Songwriter of the Year from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors Michael performed on the original 1984 Band Aid recording of "Do They Know It's Christmas?"—he appears third on the song after Paul Young and Boy George sing their lines  The song became the UK Christmas number one and Michael also donated the profits from "Last Christmas" and "Everything She Wants" to charity  Michael sang "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" with Elton John at Live Aid at Wembley Stadium in London on 13 July 1985  He also contributed background vocals to David Cassidy's 1985 hit "The Last Kiss", as well as Elton John's 1985 successes "Nikita" and "Wrap Her Up"  Michael cited Cassidy as a major career influence and interviewed Cassidy for David Litchfield's Ritz Newspaper 

Wham!'s tour of China in April 1985, the first visit to China by a Western popular music act, generated worldwide media coverage, much of it centred on Michael  The headline in the Chicago Tribune read: "East meets Wham!, and another great wall comes down"  Before Wham!'s appearance in China, many kinds of music in the country were forbidden  The band's manager, Simon Napier-Bell, had spent 18 months trying to convince Chinese officials to let the duo play  The audience included members of the Chinese government  Chinese television presenter Kan Lijun, who was the on-stage host, spoke of Wham!'s historic performance: "No-one had ever seen anything like that before  All the young people were amazed and everybody was tapping their feet  Of course the police weren't happy and they were scared there would be riots " Wham! performed their hits with scantily clad dancers and strobing disco lights  According to Napier-Bell, Michael tried to get the crowd to clap along to "Club Tropicana", but "they hadn't a clue – they thought he wanted applause and politely gave it", before adding that some Chinese did eventually "get the hang of clapping on the beat " A UK embassy official in China stated "there was some lively dancing but this was almost entirely confined to younger western members of the audience " The tour was documented by film director Lindsay Anderson and producer Martin Lewis in their film Wham! in China: Foreign Skies With the success of Michael's solo singles, "Careless Whisper" (1984) and "A Different Corner" (1986), rumours of an impending break up of Wham! intensified  The duo officially separated in 1986, after releasing a farewell single, "The Edge of Heaven" and a farewell compilation, The Final (their third album Music from the Edge of Heaven was released in North America and Japan), plus a sell-out concert at Wembley Stadium that included the world premiere of the China film  The Wham! partnership ended officially with the commercially successful single "The Edge of Heaven", which reached No  1 on the UK chart in June 1986 

Solo career
1987–1989
During early 1987, at the beginning of his solo career, Michael released "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)", a duet with Aretha Franklin  "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" was a one-off project that helped Michael achieve an ambition by singing with one of his favourite artists  It scored number one on both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 upon its release  For Michael, it became his third consecutive solo number one in the UK from three releases, after 1984's "Careless Whisper" (though the single was actually from the Wham! album Make It Big) and 1986's "A Different Corner"  The single was also the first Michael had recorded as a solo artist which he had not written himself  The co-writer, Simon Climie, was unknown at the time; he later had success as a performer with the band Climie Fisher in 1988  Michael and Aretha Franklin won a Grammy Award in 1988 for Best R&B Performance – Duo or Group with Vocal for the song In late 1987, Michael released his debut solo album, Faith  The first single released from the album was "I Want Your Sex", in mid-1987  The song was banned by many radio stations in the UK and US, due to its sexually suggestive lyrics  MTV broadcast the video, featuring celebrity make-up artist Kathy Jeung in a basque and suspenders, only during the late night hours  Michael argued that the act was beautiful if the sex was monogamous, and he recorded a brief prologue for the video in which he said: "This song is not about casual sex " One of the racier scenes involved Michael writing the words "explore monogamy" on his partner's back in lipstick  Some radio stations played a toned-down version of the song, "I Want Your Love", with the word "love" replacing "sex" When "I Want Your Sex" reached the US charts, American Top 40 host Casey Kasem refused to say the song's title, referring to it only as "the new single by George Michael " In the US, the song was also sometimes listed as "I Want Your Sex (from Beverly Hills Cop II)", since the song was featured on the soundtrack of the movie  Despite censorship and radio play problems, "I Want Your Sex" reached No  2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No  3 in the UK  The second single, "Faith", was released in October 1987, a few weeks before the album  "Faith" became one of his most popular songs  The song was No  1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks, becoming the best-selling single of 1988 in the US  It also reached No  1 in Australia, and No  2 on the UK Singles Chart  The video provided some definitive images of the 1980s music industry in the process—Michael in shades, leather jacket, cowboy boots, and Levi's jeans, playing a guitar near a classic-design jukebox On 30 October, Faith was released in the UK and in several markets worldwide  Faith topped the UK Albums Chart, and in the US, the album had 51 non-consecutive weeks in the top 10 of Billboard 200, including 12 weeks at No  1  Faith had many successes, with four singles ("Faith", "Father Figure", "One More Try", and "Monkey") reaching No  1 in the US  Faith was certified Diamond by the RIAA for sales of 10 million copies in the US  To date, global sales of Faith are more than 25 million units  The album was highly acclaimed by music critics, with AllMusic journalist Steve Huey describing it as a "superbly crafted mainstream pop/rock masterpiece" and "one of the finest pop albums of the '80s"  In a review by Rolling Stone magazine, journalist Mark Coleman commended most of the songs on the album, which he said "displays Michael's intuitive understanding of pop music and his increasingly intelligent use of his power to communicate to an ever-growing audience "In 1988, Michael embarked on a world tour  In Los Angeles, Michael was joined on stage by Aretha Franklin for "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"  It was the second highest grossing event of 1988, earning $17 7 million  At the 1988 Brit Awards held at the Royal Albert Hall on 8 February, Michael received the first of his two awards for Best British Male Solo Artist  Later that month, Faith won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 31st Grammy Awards  At the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards on 6 September in Los Angeles, Michael received the Video Vanguard Award  According to Michael in his film, A Different Story, success did not make him happy and he started to think there was something wrong in being an idol for millions of teenage girls  The whole Faith process (promotion, videos, tour, awards) left him exhausted, lonely and frustrated, and far from his friends and family  In 1990, he told his record company Sony that, for his second album, he did not want to do promotions like the one for Faith 

1990s
Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 was released in September 1990  The title is an indication of his desire to be taken more seriously as a songwriter  It reached No  23 in the UK and No  27 in the US in October 1990  The album was released in Europe on 3 September 1990, and one week later in the US  It reached No  1 in the UK Albums Chart and peaked at No  2 on the US Billboard 200  It spent a total of 88 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and was certified four-times Platinum by the BPI  The album produced five UK singles, all of which were released within an eight-month period: "Praying for Time", "Waiting for That Day", "Freedom! '90", "Heal the Pain", and "Cowboys and Angels" (the latter being his only single not to chart in the UK top 40)  Michael refused to do any promotion for the album  At the 1991 Brit Awards, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 won the award for Best British Album The album's first single, "Praying for Time", with lyrics concerning social ills and injustice, was released in August 1990  James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine described the song as "a distraught look at the world's astounding woundedness  Michael offers the healing passage of time as the only balm for physical and emotional hunger, poverty, hypocrisy, and hatred " The song was an instant success, reaching No  1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No  6 in the UK  A video was released shortly thereafter, consisting of the lyrics on a dark background  Michael did not appear in this video or any subsequent videos for the album  The second single from Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1, "Waiting for That Day", was an acoustic-heavy single, released as an immediate follow-up to "Praying for Time" 
"Freedom '90" was the second of only two singles from Listen Without Prejudice to be supported by a music video (the other being the Michael-less "Praying for Time")  The song alludes to his struggles with his artistic identity, and prophesied his efforts shortly thereafter to end his recording contract with Sony Music  As if to prove the song's sentiment, Michael refused to appear in the video (directed by David Fincher), and instead recruited supermodels Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Tatjana Patitz, and Cindy Crawford to appear in and lip sync in his stead  It also featured lyrics critical of his sex symbol status  It reached No  8 success on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, and No  28 on the UK Singles Chart  "Mother's Pride" gained significant radio play in the US during the first Persian Gulf War during 1991, often with radio stations mixing in callers' tributes to soldiers with the music Later in 1991, Michael embarked on the Cover to Cover tour in Japan, England, the US, and Brazil, where he performed at Rock in Rio  The tour was not a proper promotion for Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  Rather, it featured Michael singing his favourite cover songs  Among his favourites was "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", a 1974 song by Elton John; Michael and John had performed the song together at the Live Aid concert in 1985, and again for Michael's concert at London's Wembley Arena on 25 March 1991, where the duet was recorded  "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" was released as a single at the end of 1991 and reached No  1 in both the UK and US  In 1991, Michael released an autobiography through Penguin Books titled Bare, co-written with Tony Parsons An expected follow-up album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  2, was scrapped due to Michael's lawsuit with Sony  Instead, Michael donated three songs to the charity project Red Hot + Dance, for the Red Hot Organization which raised money for AIDS awareness; a fourth track, "Crazyman Dance", was the B-side of 1992's "Too Funky"  Michael donated the royalties from "Too Funky" to the same cause  "Too Funky" reached No  4 on the UK Singles Chart and No  10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 

Michael performed with Queen at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert on 20 April 1992 at Wembley Stadium  The concert was a tribute to the life of the late Queen frontman, Freddie Mercury, with the proceeds going to AIDS research  Michael performed "'39", "These Are the Days of Our Lives" with Lisa Stansfield and "Somebody to Love"  Michael's performance of "Somebody to Love" was hailed as "one of the best performances of the tribute concert"  Michael later reflected, "It was probably the proudest moment for me of my career, because it was me living out a childhood fantasy, I suppose, to sing one of Freddie's songs in front of 80,000 people "The Five Live EP featured five live recordings (six in several countries) performed by Michael, Queen, and Lisa Stansfield  "Somebody to Love" and "These Are the Days of Our Lives" were recorded at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert  "Killer", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", and "Calling You" were recorded during his Cover to Cover Tour from 1991 
All proceeds from the sale of the EP benefited the Mercury Phoenix Trust  Sales of the EP were strong through Europe, where it debuted at No  1 in the UK and several European countries  Chart success in the US was less spectacular, where it reached No  40 on the Billboard 200 ("Somebody to Love" reached No  30 on the US Billboard Hot 100)  The performance would later feature on Queen's compilation album Greatest Hits III During November 1994, after a long period of seclusion, Michael appeared at the first MTV Europe Music Awards show, where he gave a performance of a new song, "Jesus to a Child"  The song was a melancholy tribute to his lover, Anselmo Feleppa, who had died in March 1993  The song entered the UK Singles Chart at No  1 and No  7 on Billboard upon release in 1996  It was Michael's longest UK Top 40 single, at almost seven minutes long  The exact identity of the song's subject—and the nature of Michael's relationship with Feleppa—was shrouded in innuendo and speculation, as Michael had not confirmed he was homosexual and did not do so until 1998  The video for "Jesus to a Child" was a picture of images recalling loss, pain and suffering  Michael consistently dedicated the song to Feleppa before performing it live Michael released "Fastlove", an energetic tune about wanting gratification and fulfilment without commitment, in 1996  The single version was nearly five minutes long  "Fastlove" was supported by a futuristic virtual reality-related video  The single reached No  1 on the UK Singles Chart, spending three weeks at the top spot  In the US, "Fastlove" peaked at No  8  Following "Fastlove", Michael released Older, his third studio album  In the UK, the album was particularly notable for producing a record six top three hit singles in a two-year span In 1996, Michael was voted Best British Male at the MTV Europe Music Awards and the Brit Awards; and at the British Academy's Ivor Novello Awards, he was awarded the title of Songwriter of the Year for the third time  Michael performed a concert at Three Mills Studios, London, for MTV Unplugged  It was his first long performance in years, and in the audience was Michael's mother, who died of cancer the following year Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998) was Michael's first solo greatest hits collection  The collection of 28 songs (29 songs are included on the European and Australian release) are separated into two halves, with each containing a particular theme and mood  The first CD, titled "For the Heart", predominantly contains ballads; the second CD, "For the Feet", consists mainly of dance tunes  It was released through Sony Music Entertainment as a condition of severing contractual ties with the label  Ladies & Gentlemen was a success, peaking at No  1 on the UK Albums Chart for eight weeks  It spent over 200 weeks in the UK chart, and is the 45th best-selling album of all time in the UK  It is certified seven-times platinum in the UK and multi-platinum in the US, and is Michael's most commercially successful album in his homeland, having sold more than 2 8 million copies  As of 2013, the album had reached worldwide sales of approximately 15 million copies  The first single of the album, "Outside", was a humorous song making a reference to his arrest for soliciting a policeman in a public toilet  "As", his duet with Mary J  Blige, was released as the second single in many territories around the world  Both singles reached the top 5 in the UK Singles Chart Released in 1999, Songs from the Last Century is a studio album of cover tracks  The album achieved the lowest peak of his solo efforts, peaking at No  157 on the American Billboard 200 albums chart and at No  2 in the UK Albums Chart 

2000s
In 2000, Michael worked on the hit single "If I Told You That" with Whitney Houston  Michael co-produced on the single along with Rodney Jerkins  Michael's first single from his fifth studio album, "Freeek!", reached the Top 10 in the UK  His next single was "Shoot the Dog" which was released in July 2002 during the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq  The video for the song showed Tony Blair as George Bush's poodle  The single's cover featured the Daily Mirror's "Howdy Poodle" front page from earlier in the year  Responding to criticism, Michael said, "I am British, I live here, I pay my taxes, and I'm very, very worried that we are now the second most dangerous country in the world thanks to our special relationship with America " It reached No  1 in Denmark and made the top 5 in most European charts  It peaked at No  12 on the UK Singles Chart In February 2003, Michael recorded another song in protest against the looming Iraq war, Don McLean's "The Grave"  The original was written by McLean in 1971 and was a protest against the Vietnam War  Michael performed the song on numerous TV shows including Top of the Pops and So Graham Norton  His performance of the song on Top of the Pops on 7 March 2003 was his first studio appearance on the programme since 1986  He ran into conflict with the show's producers for an anti-war, anti-Blair T-shirt worn by some members of his band  McLean stated that he was "'proud of George Michael for standing up for life and sanity'" 

When Michael's fifth studio album, Patience, was released in 2004, it was critically acclaimed and went to No  1 on the UK Albums Chart  The album became one of the fastest-selling albums in the UK, selling over 200,000 copies in the first week alone  It reached the Top 5 on most European charts and peaked at No  12 in the US, selling over 500,000 copies to earn a Gold certification from the RIAA  "Amazing", the third single from the album, became a No  1 hit in Europe  When Michael appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 26 May 2004, to promote the album, he performed "Amazing", along with his classic songs "Father Figure" and "Faith"  On the show, Michael spoke of his arrest, the public revelation of his homosexuality, and his resumption of public performances  He allowed Oprah's crew inside his home outside London  The fourth single taken off the album was "Flawless"  It was a dance hit in Europe as well as North America, reaching No  1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play and becoming Michael's last No  1 single on the US Dance chart  Twenty Five is Michael's second greatest hits album, celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career  Released in November 2006 by Sony BMG, it debuted at no  1 in the UK 

During the 2005 Live 8 concert at Hyde Park, London, Michael joined Paul McCartney on stage, harmonising on The Beatles classic "Drive My Car"  In 2006, Michael embarked on his first tour in 15 years, 25 Live  The tour began in Barcelona, Spain, on 23 September and finished in December at Wembley Arena in England  On 9 June 2007, Michael became the first artist to perform live at the newly renovated Wembley Stadium in London  On 25 March 2008, a third part of the 25 Live Tour was announced for North America, with 21 dates in the US and Canada Michael made his American acting debut by playing a guardian angel to Jonny Lee Miller's character on Eli Stone, a US TV series  Each episode of the show's first season was named after a song of his  Michael also appeared on the 2008 finale show of American Idol on 21 May, singing "Praying for Time"  When asked what he thought Simon Cowell would say of his performance, he replied "I think he'll probably tell me I shouldn't have done a George Michael song  He's told plenty of people that in the past, so I think that'd be quite funny " On 25 December 2008, Michael released a new Christmas-themed track, "December Song", on his website for free 

2010s
In early 2010, Michael performed his first concerts in Australia since 1988  On 20 February 2010, Michael performed his first show in Perth at the Burswood Dome to an audience of 15,000  On 2 March 2011, Michael announced the release of his cover version of New Order's 1987 hit "True Faith" in aid of the UK charity telethon Comic Relief  Michael appeared on Comic Relief itself, featuring in the first Carpool Karaoke sketch of James Corden, with the pair singing songs while Corden drove around London  On 15 April 2011, Michael released a cover of Stevie Wonder's 1972 song, "You and I", as an MP3 gift to Prince William and Catherine Middleton on the occasion of their wedding on 29 April 2011  Although the MP3 was released for free download, Michael appealed to those who downloaded the track to make a contribution to "The Prince William & Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund" 

The Symphonica Tour began at the Prague State Opera House on 22 August 2011  In October 2011, Michael was announced as one of the final nominees for the Songwriter's Hall of Fame  In November, he had to cancel the remainder of the tour as he became ill with pneumonia in Vienna, Austria, ultimately slipping into a coma In February 2012, two months after leaving hospital, Michael made a surprise appearance at the 2012 Brit Awards at the O2 Arena in London, where he received a standing ovation, and presented Adele the award for Best British Album  In March, Michael announced that he was healthy and that the Symphonica Tour would resume in autumn  The final concert of the tour—which was also the final concert of Michael's life–was performed at London's Earls Court on 17 October 2012 Symphonica was released on 17 March 2014, and became Michael's seventh solo No  1 album in the UK, and ninth overall including his Wham! chart-toppers  The album was produced by Phil Ramone and Michael; the album was Ramone's last production credit  On 2 November 2016, Michael's management team announced that a second documentary on his life, entitled Freedom, was set to be released in March 2017  A month after, English songwriter Naughty Boy confirmed plans to collaborate with Michael, for a new song and album  Naughty Boy claimed that the song is "amazing but [   ] bittersweet"  On 7 September 2017 (months after Michael's death), the single "Fantasy", featuring Nile Rodgers, was released Having charted at number two upon its release in 1984 (behind Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" which Michael also performed in), "Last Christmas" finally reached number-one in the UK Singles Chart on New Year's Day 2021 (chart week ending date 7 January 2021), more than 36 years after its initial release  Andrew Ridgeley said the chart placing was "a testament to its timeless appeal and charm", adding: "It is a fitting tribute to George's song-writing genius    he would have been immensely proud and utterly thrilled " The period of 36 years taken to reach number one was a UK chart record, which would be surpassed by Kate Bush with "Running Up That Hill" in June 2022 which took 37 years 

Posthumous releases
On 7 September 2017, Michael's estate released the single "Fantasy"  Written and produced by Michael, was recorded while he was working on Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  However, the track was not included on the album  Instead in October 1990, it was featured on the "Waiting for That Day" single in the United Kingdom and on the "Freedom! '90" single in the rest of the world  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The album includes the original version of "Fantasy" and the 1998 version; the Nile Rodgers remix was not included on the disc but was made available to purchasers as a digital download  On 18 October 2017, a music video was released on Vevo In 2019, the Emma Thompson-written film Last Christmas was released  The title of the film is taken from the Wham classic  An official soundtrack album was released by Legacy Recordings on CD, two-disc vinyl, and digital formats on 8 November 2019  The album contains 14 Wham! and solo George Michael songs, as well as a previously unreleased song originally completed in 2015 titled "This Is How (We Want You to Get High)"  The soundtrack album debuted at number one on the UK Official Soundtrack Albums Chart and at number 11 on the UK Albums Chart on 15 November 2019  It also entered the Australian Albums Chart at number seven, the Irish Albums Chart, where it debuted at number 32, climbing to number 26 the following week, and at number 55 on the US Billboard 200 On 22 June 2022, the documentary film Freedom Uncut was released  Michael had been working on the film shortly before his death, alongside David Austin, and provides the narration throughout  NME, The Guardian and Empire all praised the film and rated it 4/5 stars On September 30, 2022, a remastered and expanded version of Older was released comprising the original Older album, the Upper disc and three bonus CDs, containing remixes and live recordings of Older-era tracks  The album charted at number 2 on the UK Official Albums Chart Top 100 on 7 October 2022 

Personal life
Sexuality and relationships
Michael stated that his early fantasies were about women, which "led me to believe I was on the path to heterosexuality", but at puberty he started to fantasise about men, which he later said "had something to do with my environment"  At the age of 19, Michael told Andrew Ridgeley that he was bisexual  Michael also told one of his two sisters, but he was advised not to tell his parents about his sexuality  In a 1999 interview with The Advocate, Michael told the Editor in Chief, Judy Wieder, that it was "falling in love with a man that ended his conflict over bisexuality" 
"I never had a moral problem with being gay", Michael told her  "I thought I had fallen in love with a woman a couple of times  Then I fell in love with a man, and realised that none of those things had been love "In 2004, Michael said, "I used to sleep with women quite a lot in the Wham! days but never felt it could develop into a relationship because I knew that, emotionally, I was a gay man  I didn't want to commit to them but I was attracted to them  Then I became ashamed that I might be using them  I decided I had to stop, which I did when I began to worry about AIDS, which was becoming prevalent in Britain  Although I had always had safe sex, I didn't want to sleep with a woman without telling her I was bisexual  I felt that would be irresponsible  Basically, I didn't want to have that uncomfortable conversation that might ruin the moment, so I stopped sleeping with them " In the same interview, he added: "If I wasn't with Kenny [his boyfriend at the time], I would have sex with women, no question"  He said he believed that the formation of his sexuality was "a nurture thing, via the absence of my father who was always busy working  It meant I was exceptionally close to my mother", though he stated that "there are definitely those who have a predisposition to being gay in which the environment is irrelevant " In 2007, Michael said he had hidden his sexuality because of worries over what effect it might have on his mother  Two years later, he added: "My depression at the end of Wham! was because I was beginning to realise I was gay, not bisexual "During the late 1980s, Michael had a relationship with make-up artist Kathy Jeung, who was regarded for a time as his artistic "muse" and who appeared in the "I Want Your Sex" video  Michael later said that she had been his "only bona fide" girlfriend, and that she knew of his bisexuality  In 2016, Jeung reacted to Michael's death by calling him a "true friend" with whom she had spent "some of the best time of [her] life" In 1992, Michael established a relationship with Anselmo Feleppa, a Brazilian dress designer whom he had met at the Rock in Rio concert in 1991  Six months into their relationship, Feleppa discovered that he was HIV-positive  Michael later said: "It was terrifying news  I thought I could have the disease too  I couldn't go through it with my family because I didn't know how to share it with them – they didn't even know I was gay " In 1993, Feleppa died of an AIDS-related brain haemorrhage  Michael's single, "Jesus to a Child", is a tribute to Feleppa (Michael consistently dedicated it to him before performing it live), as is his album Older (1996)  In 2008, speaking about the loss of Feleppa, Michael said: "It was a terribly depressing time  It took about three years to grieve, then after that I lost my mother  I felt almost like I was cursed "In 1996, Michael entered into a long-term relationship with Kenny Goss, a former flight attendant, cheerleading coach, and sportswear executive from Dallas, Texas  They had a home in Dallas, a 16th-century house in Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, and an £8 million mansion in Highgate, North London  In late November 2005, it was reported that Michael and Goss planned to register their relationship as a civil partnership in the UK, but because of negative publicity and his upcoming tour, they postponed their plans  On 22 August 2011, the opening night of his Symphonica world tour, Michael announced that he and Goss had split two years earlier Michael's homosexuality became publicly known following his April 1998 arrest for public lewdness  In 2007, Michael said "that hiding his sexuality made him feel 'fraudulent', and his eventual outing, when he was arrested [   ] in 1998, was a subconsciously deliberate act "In 2012, Michael entered a relationship with Fadi Fawaz, a Lebanese-Australian celebrity hairstylist and freelance photographer based in London  It was Fawaz who found Michael's body on Christmas morning 2016 

Legal troubles
On 7 April 1998, Michael was arrested for "engaging in a lewd act" in a public restroom of the Will Rogers Memorial Park in Beverly Hills, California  Michael was arrested by undercover policeman Marcelo Rodríguez in a sting operation  In an MTV interview, Michael stated: "I got followed into the restroom and then this cop—I didn't know it was a cop, obviously—he started playing this game, which I think is called, 'I'll show you mine, you show me yours, and then when you show me yours, I'm going to nick you!'"

After pleading "no contest" to the charge, Michael was fined US$810 and sentenced to 80 hours of community service  Soon afterwards, Michael made a video for his single "Outside", which satirised the public toilet incident and featured men dressed as policemen kissing  Rodríguez claimed that this video "mocked" him, and that Michael had slandered him in interviews  In 1999, he brought a US$10 million court case in California against the singer  The court dismissed the case, but an appellate court reinstated it on 3 December 2002  The court then ruled that Rodríguez, as a public official, could not legally recover damages for emotional distress On 23 July 2006, Michael was again accused of engaging in anonymous public sex, this time at London's Hampstead Heath  Michael stated that his cruising for anonymous sex was not an issue in his relationship with partner Kenny Goss In February 2006, Michael was arrested for possession of Class C drugs, an incident that he described as "my own stupid fault, as usual"  He was cautioned by the police and released  In 2007, he pleaded guilty to drug-impaired driving after obstructing the road at traffic lights in Cricklewood in northwest London, and was subsequently banned from driving for two years and sentenced to community service  On 19 September 2008, Michael was arrested in a public convenience in the Hampstead Heath area for possession of Class A and C drugs  He was taken to the police station and cautioned for controlled substance possession In the early hours of 4 July 2010, Michael was returning from the Gay Pride parade, when he was spotted on CCTV crashing his car into the front of a Snappy Snaps store in Hampstead, north London, and was arrested on suspicion of being unfit to drive  On 12 August, London's Metropolitan Police said he was "charged with possession of cannabis and with driving while unfit through drink or drugs"  It was reported that Michael had also been taking the prescription tricyclic antidepressant medication amitriptyline  On 24 August 2010, the singer pleaded guilty at Highbury Corner Magistrates' Court in London after admitting driving under the influence of drugs  On 14 September 2010, at the same court, Michael was sentenced to eight weeks in prison, a fine, and a five-year ban from driving  Michael was released from Highpoint Prison in Suffolk on 11 October 2010, after serving four weeks  In the dent in the shop wall Michael had crashed into, someone graffitied the word "Wham" 

Health
Michael struggled with substance abuse for many years  He was arrested for drug-related offences in 2006, 2008 and 2010  In September 2007, on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, Michael said that his cannabis use was a problem; he wished he could smoke less of it and was constantly trying to do so  On 5 December 2009, in an interview with The Guardian, Michael explained he had cut back on cannabis and was smoking only "seven or eight" spliffs per day instead of the 25 per day he had formerly smoked  Michael also abused sleeping pills On 26 October 2011, Michael cancelled a performance at the Royal Albert Hall in London due to a viral infection  On 21 November, Vienna General Hospital admitted Michael after he complained of chest pains while at a hotel two hours before his performance at a venue there for his Symphonica Tour  Michael appeared to be "in good spirits" and responded well to treatment following his admission, but on 25 November hospital officials said that his condition had "worsened overnight"  This development led to cancellations and postponements of Michael's remaining 2011 performances, which had been scheduled mainly for the United Kingdom  The singer was later confirmed to have suffered from pneumonia and, until 1 December, was in an intensive care unit; at one point, he was comatose  On 21 December, the hospital discharged him  Michael told the press that he had undergone a tracheotomy, that the staff at the hospital had saved his life, and that he would perform a free concert for them  After waking from the coma, Michael had a temporary West Country accent, and there was concern he had developed foreign accent syndrome On 16 May 2013, Michael sustained a head injury when he fell from his moving car on the M1 motorway, near St Albans in Hertfordshire, and was airlifted to hospital  On 29 May, Michael's publicist confirmed that he had left the hospital and that his injuries were superficial In 2014, Michael stated that he had refrained from using cannabis for one-and-one-half years  In June 2015, he checked into a drug rehabilitation facility in Switzerland 

Politics
"To call us Thatcherite was so simplistic, basically saying that if you've got a deep enough tan and made a bit of money then you've got to be a Thatcherite "
Michael's father was a communist  At the age of fifteen, Michael joined the Young Communist League, under his Greek name  During the time of Margaret Thatcher as the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom throughout the 1980s, Michael voted Labour  In September 1984, Wham! performed at a benefit concert at London's Royal Festival Hall for the striking UK miners In 2000, Michael joined Melissa Etheridge, Garth Brooks, Queen Latifah, the Pet Shop Boys, and k d  lang, to perform in Washington, D C  as part of Equality Rocks, a concert to benefit the Human Rights Campaign, an American LGBT rights group  His 2002 single "Shoot the Dog" was critical of the friendly relationship between the UK and US governments, in particular the relationship between Tony Blair and George W  Bush, with their involvement in the War on Terror  Michael voiced his concern about the lack of public consultation in the UK regarding the War on Terror: "On an issue as enormous as the possible bombing of Iraq, how can you represent us when you haven't asked us what we think?"In 2006, Michael performed a free concert for NHS nurses in London to thank the nurses who had cared for his late mother  He told the audience: "Thank you for everything you do — some people appreciate it  Now if we can only get the government to do the same thing "In 2007, Michael sent the £1,450,000 piano that John Lennon used to write "Imagine" around the United States on a "peace tour", displaying at places where notable acts of violence had taken place, such as Dallas' Dealey Plaza, where US President John F  Kennedy had been shot  He devoted his 2007 concert in Sofia, from his "Twenty Five Tour" to the Bulgarian nurses prosecuted in the HIV trial in Libya  On 17 June 2008, Michael said he was thrilled by California's legalisation of same-sex marriage, calling the move "way overdue" 

Philanthropy
In November 1984, Michael joined other British and Irish pop stars of the era to form Band Aid, singing on the charity song "Do They Know It's Christmas?" for famine relief in Ethiopia  This single became the UK Christmas number one in December 1984, holding Michael's own song, "Last Christmas" by Wham!, at No  2  "Do They Know It's Christmas?" sold 3 75 million copies in the UK and became the biggest selling single in UK chart history, a title it held until 1997 when it was overtaken by Elton John's "Candle in the Wind 1997", released in tribute to Princess Diana following her death (Michael attended Diana's funeral with Elton John)  Michael donated the royalties from "Last Christmas" to Band Aid and subsequently sang with Elton John at Live Aid (the Band Aid charity concert) in 1985 In 1986, Michael took part in the Prince's Trust charity concert held at Wembley Arena, performing "Everytime You Go Away" alongside Paul Young  In 1988, Michael participated in the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute at Wembley Stadium in London together with many other singers (such as Annie Lennox and Sting), performing "Sexual Healing" An LGBT rights campaigner and HIV/AIDS charity fundraiser, the proceeds from the 1991 single "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" were divided among 10 different charities for children, AIDS and education  He was also a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation  Michael wore a red ribbon at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert at Wembley Stadium in April 1992  He was instrumental in bringing the compilation CD Red Hot + Dance to fruition, contributing three original songs, with the album featuring Seal and Madonna among others In 2003, he paired up with Ronan Keating on the UK edition of the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and won £32,000, after having their original £64,000 winnings halved by answering the £125,000 question incorrectly  The same year, Michael joined other celebrities to support a campaign to help raise £20 million for terminally ill children run by the Rainbow Trust Children's Charity of which he was a patron  He said: "Loss is such an incredibly difficult thing  I bow down to people who actually have to deal with the loss of a child "

Following Michael's death, various charities revealed that Michael had privately supported them for many years  Those charities included Childline (to whom he had donated "millions"), the Terrence Higgins Trust, and Macmillan Cancer Support  Michael also donated to individuals: he reportedly called the production team of the quiz show Deal or No Deal after a contestant had revealed that she needed £15,000 to fund IVF treatment and anonymously paid for the treatment  Michael once tipped a student nurse working as a barmaid £5,000 because she was in debt  On 3 January 2017, another woman came forward and (with the permission of Michael's family) revealed he had anonymously paid for her IVF treatment after seeing her talk about her problems conceiving on an episode of This Morning in 2010  The woman gave birth to a girl in 2012 After his death, it was also revealed that Michael had been anonymously paying for an annual Christmas tree erected where he lived in Highgate, as well as funding the Christmas lights, for the previous decade  He was also the largest funder of Highgate's annual Fair in the Square for those ten years, donating anonymously as "a local resident" 

Assets
Between 2006 and 2008, according to reports, Michael earned £48 5 million from the 25 Live tour alone  In July 2014, he was reported to have been a celebrity investor in a tax avoidance scheme called Liberty  According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2015 of the wealthiest British musicians, Michael was worth £105 million 

Death
In the early hours of Christmas Day 2016, Michael died in bed at his home in Goring-on-Thames, at the age of 53  He was found by his partner, Fadi Fawaz  In March 2017, a senior coroner in Oxfordshire attributed Michael's death to dilated cardiomyopathy with myocarditis and a fatty liver Owing to the delay in determining the cause of death, Michael's funeral was held on 29 March 2017  In a private ceremony, he was buried at Highgate Cemetery in north London, on one side of his mother's grave  His sister Melanie, who died exactly three years after him, is buried on the other side 

Aftermath
In the summer of 2017, a temporary informal memorial garden was created outside Michael's former home in The Grove, Highgate  The site, in a private square that Michael had owned, was tended by fans for approximately eighteen months until it was cleared In March 2019, Michael's art collection was auctioned in England for £11 3 million  The proceeds were donated to various philanthropic organisations Michael gave to while he was alive Michael's will left most of his £97 million estate to his sisters, his father and friends  It did not include bequests to either Fawaz or to his former partner, Kenny Goss  In 2021, following legal proceedings, the trustees of Michael's estate entered into a financial settlement with Goss 

Tributes
Elton John was among those who paid tribute to Michael, emotionally addressing the audience in Las Vegas on 28 December, "What a singer, what a songwriter  But more than anything as a human being he was one of the kindest, sweetest, most generous people I've ever met "At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards on 12 February 2017, Adele performed a slow version of "Fastlove" in tribute to Michael  On 22 February, Coldplay lead singer Chris Martin performed "A Different Corner" at the 2017 Brit Awards  In June, Michael's close friend, former Spice Girls member Geri Halliwell, released a charity single, "Angels in Chains", a tribute to him, to raise money for Childline In 2020, Michael was commemorated with a mural in his native borough of Brent  The artwork, which formed part of the Brent Biennial, was commissioned to pay tribute to his contribution to the fields of music and entertainment  Artist Dawn Mellor said it celebrates the singer as a pioneering cultural and LGBTQ+ figure 

Awards and achievements
Michael won numerous music awards throughout his 30-year career, including three Brit Awards—winning Best British Male Artist twice, four MTV Video Music Awards, six Ivor Novello Awards, three American Music Awards (including two in the traditionally-black Soul/R&B category), and two Grammy Awards from eight nominations  In 2015, he was ranked 45th in Billboard's list of the "Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time"  The Radio Academy stated that Michael was the most frequently played artist on British radio during the period 1984–2004  In 2019, Michael was named as the greatest artist of all time by Smooth Radio  
In 2023, Michael was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame  On 3 May 2023, Michael was picked as an inductee to the 2023 class alongside Kate Bush, Willie Nelson, The Spinners, Missy Elliott and Rage Against the Machine 

Discography and record sales
At the time of his death, Michael was estimated to have sold between 100 million and 125 million records worldwide  As a solo artist, he sold an estimated 100 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists  He is estimated to have sold up to 30 million records with Wham!  His debut solo album Faith sold more than 25 million copies 

Solo discography

Faith (1987)
Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 (1990)
Older (1996)
Songs from the Last Century (1999)
Patience (2004)Wham! discography

Fantastic (1983)
Make It Big (1984)

Tours
The Faith Tour (1988–89)
Cover to Cover (1991)
25 Live (2006–08)
George Michael Live in Australia (2010)
Symphonica Tour (2011–12)

See also
Imagine Piano Peace Project
List of artists by number of UK Singles Chart number ones
List of artists who reached number one in the United States
List of best-selling music artists
Panayiotou v Sony Music Entertainment (UK) Ltd
The Real George Michael: Portrait of an Artist
Passage 6:
Fantasy (George Michael song)
"Fantasy" is a song by the English singer-songwriter George Michael  It was first released in 1990 as the B-side of his single "Waiting for That Day" (and "Freedom! '90" in the US)  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The single was released posthumously, more than eight months after Michael's death on 25 December 2016 

Background
"Fantasy", written and produced by Michael, was recorded while he was working on Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  However, the track was not included on the album  Instead in October 1990, it was featured on the "Waiting for That Day" single in the United Kingdom and on the "Freedom! '90" single in the rest of the world  In 1998, a remixed version of "Fantasy" was featured on the "Outside" single  The original version of the song was included later on Michael's albums: Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998), Twenty Five (2006) and Faith (2011 edition)  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The album includes the original version of "Fantasy" and the 1998 version; the Nile Rodgers remix was not included on the disc but was made available to purchasers as a digital download   On 18 October 2017, a music video was released on Vevo 

Track listing
Digital single"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) – 4:02Promotional single"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) (Radio Edit) – 3:37

Versions
"Fantasy" – 5:00
"Fantasy '98" – 4:30
"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) – 4:02
"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) (Radio Edit) – 3:37

Charts
Release history
Passage 7:
Kathy Sanborn
Kathy Sanborn (born January 16, ?) is an American jazz vocalist and composer based in California  She won a 2015 American Songwriting Award for her song, "Fantasy "

Style
Sanborn has been compared to 1950s cool jazz singers Anita O'Day, Chris Connor, and June Christy due to her smooth vocals and clear diction  Her vocal tone has been compared to the 1970s singer-songwriter Laura Nyro for its depth and timbre  JazzTimes on Sanborn's work: "Romance is always in the air as far as Kathy Sanborn is concerned, and her songs are reflections of those emotions which take flight when overpowered by love "Spain's NoSoloSmoothJazz com says: "Kathy Sanborn is one of the most original vocalists in the American musical landscape "With the release of Peaceful Sounds, Eric Cohen of New York radio station WAER proclaimed that Sanborn's voice "truly is a gift from the heavens "

Early life
Sanborn demonstrated a love of music from an early age, and performed in front of a mirror in her bedroom  She began ballet studies as a youth, but turned her focus to piano and voice, performing in various school plays and concerts 
Her father was an amateur sax player and lover of big band music  Consequently, Sanborn had an early introduction to jazz music and its major performers 

Career
Self-released in 2008, Peaceful Sounds is Sanborn's debut album, combining jazz and new age music  The sometimes dark and philosophical album garnered almost immediate international radio attention  She followed it with Small Galaxy (2010), a more upbeat album which reached No  4 on radio station WSCA's Top Chart 
Blues for Breakfast (2011), featured Grammy nominee Scott Petito on bass, Chris Carey on drums, and Wayne Ricci on trumpet  The title track showcased Sanborn's love of jazz history and her affection for the famed musicians of the 1930s-50s who performed on New York's 52nd Street  Sanborn said, "I wrote the song, 'Blues for Breakfast', as a fond tribute to the jazz masters of days gone by  On New York's 52nd Street, the greats would 'walk the high wire' and enthrall and inspire new generations of jazz players  As jazz continues to evolve in the modern era, I imagine the masters are looking down and nodding their approval "In 2011, Sanborn released her single, "Magnetized," dedicated to film historian and Turner Classic Movies host Robert Osborne  A fan of classic movies, Sanborn composed the jazz love song as an homage to the power of attraction exhibited by film stars Six Degrees of Cool (2012) showcased Sanborn's cool jazz roots  The album includes "Bitter Winter" and "Shanty Man," songs referring to societal effects of economic depression  "Drawing from renowned influences such as cool jazz giants Miles Davis, Chet Baker, and Anita O'Day, Sanborn's new album brings cool jazz into today's contemporary scene "Sultry Night (2013) includes songs honoring Anita O'Day and Cary Grant  Sanborn composed, arranged, sang, played piano, and produced the album Sanborn won a 2015 American Songwriting Award for "Fantasy," the first single released from her 2015 album, Lights of Laniakea Kej worked with Sanborn on the album Lights of Laniakea (2015) Says Sanborn, "Back in 2014 at the University of Hawaii, scientists mapped a new supercluster that contains our own galaxy, the Milky Way  They named it Laniakea, which means, 'Immeasurable Heaven ' The album, Lights of Laniakea, describes our universal desire to live in the light – in the 'immeasurable heaven' that is our home "In 2016, Lights of Laniakea was nominated for a ZMR Award (Best Vocal Album) and a One World Music Radio Award (Best Vocal Album) Sanborn appeared on the compilation Action Moves People United, which also featured Julian Lennon, Janis Ian, and Dan Aykroyd, among many others  The album reached Billboard's top ten chart for compilation albums 
Beginning 2016, Sanborn contributed a column to the jazz web site, All About Jazz  Titled "In the Biz," the column featured Sanborn's interviews with jazz colleagues such as David Longoria, Arun Shenoy, Carol Albert, Roberta Piket, and many more  The column focused on the business of jazz music today, and how jazz musicians can best promote themselves and their music Sanborn's eighth album, Recollecting You, released August 4, 2017  A single from the album, "Falling," won a 2017 Clouzine International Music Award for Best Jazz Song In 2017, Sanborn appeared on the World music album, A Musical Journey: Together in Peace, which reached Billboard #1 in World albums  The project, created by Rupam Sarmah and Kevin Mackie, is a collaborative effort to promote global peace The composer and vocalist is a strong believer in creating new jazz music for the modern era  Sanborn says, "Instead of regurgitating old standards, we need to keep the jazz genre alive by releasing fresh music for new generations  Write new standards, and stop relying on old music to pave the way for any positive changes in jazz  There is an important place in jazz for the old songs that have touched listeners for decades, but if we wish to reach new and broader markets, we need to move forward – and not exist solely in the past  Miles Davis, if he were here today, would be shocked that jazz music has not moved further ahead by now "

Awards and honors
Discography
Passage 8:
Astrid North
Astrid North (Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973, West Berlin – 25 June 2019, Berlin) was a German soul singer and songwriter  She was the singer of the German band Cultured Pearls, with whom she released five Albums  As guest singer of the band Soulounge she published three albums 

Career
North had her first experiences as a singer with her student band Colorful Dimension in Berlin  In March 1992 she met B  La (Bela Braukmann) and Tex Super (Peter Hinderthür) who then studied at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg and who were looking for a singer for their band Cultured Pearls  The trio entered the German charts with four singles and four albums 

In 1994 North sang for the dance-pop band Big Light on their hit single Trouble Is  In 1996 she was a guest on the side project Little Red Riding Hood by Fury in the Slaughterhouse brothers Kai and Thorsten Wingenfelder which resulted in the release of the single Life's Too Short from the eponymous album The song Sleepy Eyes, texted and sung by North, appears in the soundtrack of the movie Tor zum Himmel (2003) by director Veit Helmer  In 2003 she appeared at the festival Das Fest in Karlsruhe and sang alongside her own songs a cover version of the Aerosmith hit Walk This Way together with the German singer Sasha  North also toured with the American singer Gabriel Gordon After the end of her band Cultured Pearls in 2003 North moved 2004 to New York City to write new songs, work with a number of different musicians and to experiment with her music In 2005 she joined the charity project Home, which produced an album for the benefit of the orphans from the Beluga School for Life in Thailand which have been affected by the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 and the subsequent tsunami  Beside the orphans themselves also the following artists have been involved, guitarist Henning Rümenapp (Guano Apes), Kai Wingenfelder (Fury in the Slaughterhouse), Maya Saban and others  With Bobby Hebb Astrid North recorded a new version of his classic hit Sunny  It was the first time Hebb sung this song as duett and it appeared on his last album That's All I Wanna Know 

North sang in 2006 My Ride, Spring Is Near and No One Can Tell on the album The Ride by Basic Jazz Lounge, a project by jazz trumpeter Joo Kraus  In addition, she worked as a workshop lecturer of the Popkurs at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg 
In spring 2010 North performed as the opening act of the Fakebling-Tour of Miss Platnum  The magazine Der Spiegel described her as one of the "leading ladies of the local soul scene"  On 20 July 2012 her solo debut album North was released 
On 16 September 2016 Astrid North released her second solo album, Precious Ruby, dedicated to her grandmother Precious Ruby North  North used crowdfunding to finance the album  The first single published from this album was the song Miss Lucy  In 2016 she also started her concert series North-Lichter in Berlin's Bar jeder Vernunft to which she invited singers such as Katharina Franck, Elke Brauweiler, Lizzy Scharnofske, Mia Diekow, Lisa Bassenge or Iris Romen 

Life
Astrid North was born in West Berlin, West Germany to Sondria North and Wolf-Dieter Radmann  She commuted between her birth city and her family in Houston, Texas until she was nine years old  In the USA she lived mainly with her grandparents and her time there significantly shaped her musical development Besides her music career Astrid North worked also as lecturer in Hamburg at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater and as yoga teacher  North was the mother of two children, her daughter was born in 2001 and her son in 2006  Her sister Ondria North works as make-up artist and hair stylist in the German film industry 
She died in June 2019 at the age of 45 years from pancreatic cancer 

Discography
with Cultured PearlsAlbums

1996: Sing Dela Sing (German chart position 92, 3 weeks)
1997: Space Age Honeymoon (German chart position 54, 6 weeks)
1999: Liquefied Days (German chart position 19, 9 weeks)
2002: Life on a Tuesday (German chart position 74, 1 week)Singles

1996: Tic Toc (1996) (German chart position 65, 10 weeks)
1997: Sugar Sugar Honey (German chart position 72, 9 weeks)
1998: Silverball (German chart position 99, 2 weeks)
1999: Kissing the Sheets (German chart position 87, 9 weeks)with Soulounge

2003: The Essence of the Live Event – Volume One
2004: Home
2006: Say It AllSolo

2005: Sunny (Single, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2012: North (Album, 20  Juli 2012)
2013: North Live (Album, live recordings from different venues in Germany)
2016: Sunny (Compilation, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2016: Precious Ruby (Album, 16  September 2016)as guest singer

1994: Trouble Is – Big Light (Single)
1996: Life's Too Short – Little Red Riding Hood (Single)
2006: Basic Jazz Lounge: The Ride – Joo Kraus (Album)



ground_truth: Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the place of death of Kamures Kadın's husband?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Where Was I
"Where Was I?" may refer to:

Books
"Where Was I?", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's I
Where Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006
Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009

Film and TV
Where Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A  Seiter  With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran 
Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim Rose
Where Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos
"Where Was I?" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980

Music
"Where was I", song by W  Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939
"Where Was I", single from Charley Pride discography 1988
"Where Was I" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton
"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)
"Where Was I?", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)
"Where Was I", song by Sawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002
"Where Was I?", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999
"Where Was I", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)
"Where Was I", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)
Passage 2:
Place of origin
In Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort or Bürgerort, literally "home place" or "citizen place"; French: Lieu d'origine; Italian: Luogo di attinenza) denotes where a Swiss citizen has their municipal citizenship, usually inherited from previous generations  It is not to be confused with the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or all three of these locations may be identical depending on the person's circumstances 

Acquisition of municipal citizenship
Swiss citizenship has three tiers  For a person applying to naturalise as a Swiss citizen, these tiers are as follows:

Municipal citizenship, granted by the place of residence after fulfilling several preconditions, such as sufficient knowledge of the local language, integration into local society, and a minimum number of years lived in said municipality 
Cantonal (state) citizenship, for which a Swiss municipal citizenship is required  This requires a certain number of years lived in said canton 
Country citizenship, for which both of the above are required, also requires a certain number of years lived in Switzerland (except for people married to a Swiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisation without having to reside in Switzerland), and involves a criminal background check The last two kinds of citizenship are a mere formality, while municipal citizenship is the most significant step in becoming a Swiss citizen  
Nowadays the place of residence determines the municipality where citizenship is acquired, for a new applicant, whereas previously there was a historical reason for preserving the municipal citizenship from earlier generations in the family line, namely to specify which municipality held the responsibility of providing social welfare  The law has now been changed, eliminating this form of allocating responsibility to a municipality other than that of the place of residence  Care needs to be taken when translating the term in Swiss documents which list the historical "Heimatort" instead of the usual place of birth and place of residence 
However, any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third or even more municipal citizenships for prestige reasons or to show their connection to the place they currently live – and thus have several places of origin  As the legal significance of the place of origin has waned (see below), Swiss citizens can often apply for municipal citizenship for no more than 100 Swiss francs after having lived in the same municipality for one or two years  In the past, it was common to have to pay between 2,000 and 4,000 Swiss francs as a citizenship fee, because of the financial obligations incumbent on the municipality to grant the citizenship 
A child born to two Swiss parents is automatically granted the citizenship of the parent whose last name they hold, so the child gets either the mother's or the father's place of origin  A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the citizenship, and thus the place of origin, of the Swiss parent 

International confusion
Almost uniquely in the world (with the exception of Japan, which lists one's Registered Domicile; and Sweden, which lists the mother's place of domicile as place of birth), the Swiss identity card, passport and driving licence do not show the holder's birthplace, but only their place of origin  The vast majority of countries show the holder's actual birthplace on identity documents  This can lead to administrative issues for Swiss citizens abroad when asked to demonstrate their actual place of birth, as no such information exists on any official Swiss identification documents  Only a minority of Swiss citizens have a place of origin identical to their birthplace  More confusion comes into play through the fact that people can have more than one place of origin 

Significance and history
A citizen of a municipality does not enjoy a larger set of rights than a non-citizen of the same municipality  To vote in communal, cantonal or national matters, only the current place of residence matters – or in the case of citizens abroad, the last Swiss place of residence 
The law previously required that a citizen's place of origin continued to bear all their social welfare costs for two years after the citizen moved away  In 2012, the National Council voted by 151 to 9 votes to abolish this law  The place of domicile is now the sole payer of welfare costs In 1923, 1937, 1959 and 1967, more cantons signed treaties that assured that the place of domicile had to pay welfare costs instead of the place of origin, reflecting the fact that fewer and fewer people lived in their place of origin (1860: 59%, in 1910: 34%) In 1681, the Tagsatzung – the then Swiss parliament – decided that beggars should be deported to their place of origin, especially if they were insufficiently cared for by their residential community In the 19th century, Swiss municipalities even offered free emigration to the United States if the Swiss citizen agreed to renounce municipal citizenship, and with that the right to receive welfare 

See also
Ancestral home (Chinese)
Bon-gwan
Registered domicile


== Notes and references ==
Passage 3:
Motherland (disambiguation)
Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group 
Motherland may also refer to:

Music
"Motherland" (anthem), the national anthem of Mauritius
National Song (Montserrat), also called "Motherland"
Motherland (Natalie Merchant album), 2001
Motherland (Arsonists Get All the Girls album), 2011
Motherland (Daedalus album), 2011
"Motherland" (Crystal Kay song), 2004

Film and television
Motherland (1927 film), a 1927 British silent war film
Motherland (2010 film), a 2010 documentary film
Motherland (2015 film), a 2015 Turkish drama
Motherland (2022 film), a 2022 documentary film about the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Motherland (TV series), a 2016 British television series
Motherland: Fort Salem, a 2020 American science fiction drama series

Other uses
Motherland Party (disambiguation), the name of several political groups
Personifications of Russia, including a list of monuments called Motherland

See also
All pages with titles containing Motherland
Mother Country (disambiguation)
Passage 4:
Beaulieu-sur-Loire
Beaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: ​[boljø syʁ lwaʁ], literally Beaulieu on Loire) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France  It is the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars 

Population
See also
Communes of the Loiret department
Passage 5:
Valley of Death
Valley of Death may refer to:

Places
Valley of Death (Bydgoszcz), the site of a 1939 Nazi mass murder and mass grave site in northern Poland
Valley of Death (Crimea), the site of the Charge of the Light Brigade in the 1854 Battle of Balaclava
Valley of Death (Gettysburg), the 1863 Gettysburg Battlefield landform of Plum Run
Valley of Death (Dukla Pass), the site of a tank battle during the Battle of the Dukla Pass in 1944 (World War II)
The Valley of Death, an area of poisonous volcanic gas near the Kikhpinych volcano in Russia
The Valley of Death, an area of poisonous volcanic gas near the Tangkuban Perahu volcano in Indonesia
Valley of Death, a nickname for the highly polluted city of Cubatão, Brazil

Other uses
The Valley of Death (audio drama), a Doctor Who audio play
The Valley of Death (film), a 1968 western film
"Valley of Death", the flawed NewsStand: CNN & Time debut program that caused the Operation Tailwind controversy
A literary element of "The Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
A reference to the difficulty of covering negative cash flow in the early stages of a start-up company; see Venture capital
"The Valley of Death", a song by the Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton from the 2022 album The War to End All Wars

See also
All pages with titles containing Valley of Death
Death Valley (disambiguation)
Valley of the Shadow of Death (disambiguation)
Passage 6:
Sennedjem
Sennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns of Seti I and Ramesses II  He lived in Set Maat (translated as "The Place of Truth"), contemporary Deir el-Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes  Sennedjem had the title "Servant in the Place of Truth"  He was buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the village necropolis  His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886  When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniture from his home, including a stool and a bed, which he used when he was alive His titles included Servant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royal tombs 

See also

TT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family and wife)
Passage 7:
Mehmed V
Mehmed V Reşâd (Ottoman Turkish: محمد خامس, romanized: Meḥmed-i ḫâmis; Turkish: V  Mehmed or Mehmed Reşad; 2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) was the 35th and penultimate sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918  Mehmed V reigned as a constitutional monarch, interfering little when it came to government affairs, though the constitution was held with little respect by his governments  The first half of his reign was marked by contentious politicking between factions of the Young Turks, with the second half being headed by the Committee of Union and Progress and the Three Pashas 
Reşad was the son of Sultan Abdulmejid I  He succeeded his half-brother Abdul Hamid II after the 31 March Incident  He was succeeded by his half-brother Mehmed VI in the summer of 1918 
Coming to power in the aftermath of a failed coup attempt, his nine-year reign featured three coup d'etats and four wars  The Italo-Turkish War saw the cession of the Empire's North African territories and the Dodecanese Islands, including Rhodes, during which the CUP was forced out of power by the military  This was followed up by the traumatic loss of almost all of the Empire's European territories west of Constantinople (now Istanbul) in the First Balkan War, and the return of a now radicalized CUP rule  Eastern Thrace was retaken in the Second Balkan War 
The Ottomans entered World War I in November 1914 during which Mehmed declared a jihad against the Allies  During the war the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Christian minorities  While Ottoman forces successfully fended off an Allied invasion at Gallipoli, defeat loomed on the Caucasian and Mesopotamian fronts  Military collapse in the field and a revolt by its Arab subjects would ultimately lead to the Empire's end 

Early life
Prince Reşad was born on 2 November 1844 at the Çırağan Palace, Istanbul  His father was Sultan Abdulmejid I, and his mother was Gülcemal Kadın  He had three elder sisters, Fatma Sultan, Refia Sultan and Hatice Sultan (Refia Sultan's twin sister, died as newborn)  After his mother's death in 1851, he and his sisters were entrusted in the care of his father's senior consort Servetseza Kadın  She had asked Abdulmejid to take the motherless children under her wing, and raise as her own, and carried out the duties of a mother who cares for her children with compassion and concern In 1856, aged twelve, he was ceremoniously circumcised together with his younger half-brothers, Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin, Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin, and Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin Mehmed received his education at the palace  Halid Ziya, the chief clerk of the Chamberlain's office between 1909 and 1912, described this as being a poor one  Thanks to his comparatively high intelligence, however, he made good use of the education he had and used it to go further  He studied Arabic and Persian, and spoke the latter very well  He took piano lessons from an Italian pianist and calligraphy lessons from a famous Ottoman calligrapher, Kazasker Mustafa Izzet Efendi (1801–1876), who designed the giant pendant medallions of the Hagia Sophia 

Reign
His reign began at the conclusion of the 31 March Incident on 27 April 1909, but he was largely a figurehead with no real political power, as a consequence of the demonstration of the CUP's power in the 31 March Incident and the Young Turk Revolution (which restored the Ottoman Constitution and Parliament)  In 1913 the CUP undertook a coup d'état, which brought the dictatorial triumvirate of the Three Pashas to power  At the age of 64, Mehmed V was the oldest person to ascend the Ottoman throne 

In 1911, he embarked on an imperial tour of Selânik (Salonica, today Thessaloniki) and Manastır (today Bitola), stopping by Florina on the way  He also visited Üsküp (Skopje) and Priştine (Pristina), where he attended Friday prayers at the Tomb of Sultan Murad  The visit was recorded on film and photographs by the Manaki brothers  It would soon prove to be the last visit of an Ottoman sultan to the Rumelian provinces before the catastrophe of the Balkan Wars the following year 
Under his rule, the Ottoman Empire lost all its remaining territory in North Africa (Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan) and the Dodecanese to Italy in the Italo-Turkish War and nearly all its European territories (except for a small strip of land west of Constantinople) in the First Balkan War  The Ottomans made some small gains in the following war, recapturing the peninsula comprising East Thrace up to Edirne, but this was only partial consolation for the Turks: the bulk of Ottoman territories that they had fought to keep had been lost forever The sudden loss of these enormous swathes of land, which had been Ottoman territory for centuries and were ceded to the Empire's opponents within a span of only two years, was deeply shocking to the Ottoman Turks and resulted in massive popular backlash against the government, culminating in the 1913 Ottoman coup d'etat  It also spelt the end of the Ottomanism movement, which for several decades had advocated equal rights to all citizens of the Empire regardless of ethnicity or religion, in order to foster a communal sense of belonging and allegiance to the Ottoman state  With the loss of the Empire's ethnic minorities in Rumelia and North Africa, the movement's raison d'être also evaporated, and the country's politics soon began to take on a more reactionary character, centred around Turkish nationalism  The more extreme elements of this right-wing faction, primarily in the upper echelons of the CUP-dominated government, would go on to commit atrocities against the Armenians Despite his preference that the country stayed out of further conflict, Mehmed V's most significant political act was to formally declare jihad against the Entente Powers (Allies of World War I) on 14 November 1914, following the Ottoman government's decision to join the First World War on the side of the Central Powers  He was actually said to look with disfavour on the pro-German policy of Enver Pasha, but could do little to prevent war due to the sultanate's diminished influence since the overthrow of Abdülhamid II in 1909 
This was the last genuine proclamation of jihad in history by a Caliph, as the Caliphate was abolished in 1924  As a direct result of the declaration of war, the British annexed Cyprus, while the Khedivate of Egypt proclaimed its independence and was turned into a British protectorate; these provinces had at least been under nominal Ottoman rule  The proclamation had no noticeable effect on the war, despite the fact that many Muslims lived in Ottoman territories  Some Arabs eventually joined the British forces against the Ottoman Empire with the Arab Revolt in 1916 
Mehmed V hosted Kaiser Wilhelm II, his World War I ally, in Constantinople on 15 October 1917  He was made Generalfeldmarschall of the Kingdom of Prussia on 27 January 1916, and of the German Empire on 1 February 1916  He was also made Generalfeldmarschall of Austria-Hungary on 19 May 1918 

Death
Mehmed V died at Yıldız Palace on 3 July 1918 at the age of 73, only four months before the end of World War I  Thus, he did not live to see the downfall of the Ottoman Empire  He spent most of his life at the Dolmabahçe Palace and Yıldız Palace in Istanbul  His grave is in the Eyüp district of modern Istanbul 

Honours
Ottoman honoursGrand Master of the Order of the Crescent
Grand Master of the Order of Glory
Grand Master of the Order of the Medjidie
Grand Master of the Order of OsmaniehForeign honoursGrand Cross of St  Stephen, in Diamonds, 1914 (Austria-Hungary)
Knight of the Military Order of Max Joseph (Bavaria)
Grand Cross of the Star of Karađorđe (Serbia)

Family
Mehmed V had a small harem, as well as few children  He was also the only sultan not to take new consorts after his accession to the throne 

Consorts
Mehmed V had five consorts:
Kamures Kadın (5 March 1855 – 30 April 1921)  BaşKadin  She is also called Gamres, Kamres or Kamus  Of Caucasian descent, she married Mehmed when he was still Şehzade  She had a son 
Dürriaden Kadın (16 May 1860 – 17 October 1909)  Second Kadın  She born Hatice Hanim, she married Mehmed when he was still Şehzade  She was the aunt of Inşirah Hanim, who was a consort of Mehmed VI (Mehmed V's younger half-brother)  She had a son 
Mihrengiz Kadın (15 October 1869 – 12 December 1938)  Second Kadın after Dürriaden's death  Circassian, born Fatma Hanım, married Mehmed when he was still Şehzade  She had a son 
Nazperver Kadın (12 June 1870 – 9 March 1929)  Third Kadın after Dürriaden's death  Born Rukiye Hanim, she was an Abkhazian princess of Çikotua family and niece of Dürrinev Kadın, chief consort of Sultan Abdülaziz, who educated her  She married Mehmed when he was still Şehzade  She had a daughter 
Dilfirib Kadın (1890–1952)  Fourth Kadın after Dürriaden's death  Circassian, she married Mehmed when he was still Şehzade  She was close friends with Safiye Ünüvar, a teacher at the Palace  She had no children by Mehmed, but after his death she remarried and had a son 

Sons
Mehmed V had three sons:
Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin (26 August 1873 – 30 January 1938)–with Kamures Kadın  He had five consorts, two sons and six daughters 
Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin (23 June 1878 – 27 June 1913) – with Dürriaden Kadın  Born with kyphosis, he never married or had children 
Şehzade Ömer Hilmi (2 March 1886 – 6 April 1935) – with Mihrengiz Kadın  He had five consorts, a son and a daughter  His great-granddaughter Ayşe Gülnev Osmanoğlu became an authress of historical novels about the Ottoman dynasty 

Daughters
Mehmed V had only one daughter:
Refia Sultan (1888–1888) – with Nazperver Kadın  She died as newborn 

See also
The Ottomans: Europe's Muslim Emperors
Passage 8:
Dance of Death (disambiguation)
Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, is a late-medieval allegory of the universality of death 
Dance of Death or The Dance of Death may also refer to:

Books
Dance of Death, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloy
Dance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R  L  Stine
Dance of Death (novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child

Theatre and film
The Dance of Death (Strindberg play), a 1900 play by August Strindberg
The Dance of Death, a 1908 play by Frank Wedekind
The Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W  H  Auden

Film
The Death Dance, a 1918 drama starring Alice Brady
The Dance of Death (1912 film), a German silent film
The Dance of Death (1919 film), an Austrian silent film
The Dance of Death (1938 film), crime drama starring Vesta Victoria; screenplay by Ralph Dawson
The Dance of Death (1948 film), French-Italian drama based on Strindberg's play, starring Erich von Stroheim
The Dance of Death (1967 film), a West German drama film
Dance of Death or House of Evil, 1968 Mexican horror film starring Boris Karloff
Dance of Death (1969 film), a film based on Strindberg's play, starring Laurence Olivier
Dance of Death (1979 film), a Hong Kong film featuring Paul Chun

Music
Dance of Death (album), a 2003 album by Iron Maiden, or the title song
The Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites, a 1964 album by John Fahey
The Dance of Death (Scaramanga Six album)
"Death Dance", a 2016 song by Sevendust

See also
Dance of the Dead (disambiguation)
Danse Macabre (disambiguation)
Bon Odori, a Japanese traditional dance welcoming the spirits of the dead
La danse des morts, an oratorio by Arthur Honegger
Totentanz (disambiguation)
Passage 9:
Kamures Kadın
Kamures Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: کامرس قادین; meaning "Bringer of pleasure"; called also Gamres, Kamres or Kamus Kadın; 5 March 1855 – 30 April 1921) was the first and chief consort of Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire 

Early years
Kamures Kadın was born on 5 March 1855  According to Palace documents he was born in Ganja, although there are doubts about that  She was sent to the Ottoman court when she was very young as a slave, which was the traditional custom  She received an excellent education and became an outstanding pianist  
She married the then-Prince Mehmed Reşad on 30 September 1872  She was his first consort  A year after the marriage, on 26 August 1873, she gave birth to her only son, Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin 

Reign of Mehmed V
On 27 April 1909, after Mehmed's accession to the throne, she was given the title of "Senior Kadın" In 1914, she met with Sultan Jahan, Begum of Bhopal  Sultan Mehmed, who knew Persian well, acted as interpreter between the two of them  Safiye Ünüvar, a teacher at the Palace School, commented in her memoirs about her beauty, and said that she still some of her looks, when the two met in 1915  Kamures had occupied herself with reading history, and whenever Safiye visited her she would always bring up with the subject of Ottoman history In 1918, she met with the king Boris III of Bulgaria, when he visited Istanbul  She was presented as Queen of Ottoman Empire  This was significant, since meeting a man meant that she broke the traditional harem seclusion  On 30 May 1918, Kamures met with the Empress Zita of Bourbon-Parma in the harem of Yıldız Palace, when the latter visited Istanbul with her husband Emperor Charles I of Austria 

Philanthropy
On 20 March 1912, the "Hilal-i Ahmer Centre for Women" was organised within the "Ottoman Hilal-i Ahmer Association", a foundation established in 1877 to provide medical care in Istanbul and surrounding communities  Kamures served as the honorary president of this organization  The same year, she also received the Ottoman Red Crescent Medal (Osmanlı Hilal-i Ahmer Madalyası), which was created shortly after the start of the Balkan Wars in November 1912  The award was given to those who would render beneficent services, materially or morally, to the organisation  She was the only Ottoman Muslim woman before the First World War to have received the medal in gold In February 1914, the organisation announced the start of a course for nursing aids, which would consist of eighteen lessons of two hours each on Fridays and Sundays  The classes were to be taught by Besim Ömer and Akıl Muhtar  Between 40 and 50 women participated in the course and at the end of the five months course 27 women successfully took the exam  These 27 women, who were all wives and daughters of prominent Ottoman officials, received their certificate during a ceremony in the presence of Kamures, of Naciye Sultan and her mother and other palace women In April 1913, Kamures served as the patroness of the organization Osmanlı–Türk Hanımları Esirgeme Derneği (Association for the Protection of Ottoman Turkish Women)  The sultan donated 50 Ottoman pounds to the organization 

Death
After Mehmed's death on 3 July 1918, she settled in the palace of her stepson Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin in Kuruçeşme, where she died on 30 April 1921, at the age of sixty-six  She was buried in the mausoleum of her husband located in the Eyüp Cemetery, Istanbul 

Honours
Ottoman Red Crescent Medal in Gold, 1912

Appointments
Honorary President of the Hilal-i Ahmer Centre for Women, 20 March 1912

Issue
See also
Kadın (title)
Ottoman Imperial Harem
List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans
Passage 10:
Place of birth
The place of birth (POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born  This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person  Practice regarding whether this place should be a country, a territory or a city/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is used for native-born citizen passports and countries for foreign-born ones 
As a general rule with respect to passports, if the place of birth is to be a country, it's determined to be the country that currently has sovereignty over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred  The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live  If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth  In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth 
Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents  For example, Sweden has used the concept of födelsehemort ("domicile of birth") since 1947  This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth  The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant 
Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of place of origin  A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin  A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent  In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth  In Japan, the registered domicile is a similar concept 
In some countries (primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase jus soli  Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality(-ies) of the baby's parents (referred to as jus sanguinis) 
There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise  The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality(-ies) of the parents and/or the location of the plane or ship (if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country) 
Some administrative forms may request the applicant's "country of birth"  It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's "place of birth" or "nationality at birth"  For example, US citizens born abroad who acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA (American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place 

Reference list
8 FAM 403 4 Place of Birth



ground_truth: Constantinople

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did the performer of song Fantasy (George Michael Song) die?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  The film was picked up by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Orion Pictures and was retitled Balls Out  The film was released in a limited release and video on demand on June 19, 2015 

Reception
The film was met with positive reviews from film critics  It currently holds an 80% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 15 reviews  Andy Webster of The New York Times praised the film for its self-aware humor and talented cast for having comedic timing, singling out Kate McKinnon as a standout, concluding that "she displays talent too vast for the small screen  Now watch her career rocket " Nick Prigge of Slant Magazine gave a mixed review of the film, saying that it was at odds with itself of being either a straight sports film or a satire of the genre  Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly said that while there's some funny commentary on the absurdity of sports films he found the film less a feature film and more a long television sketch It won both the Cinema Dulce Best of Fest and Best Actor (Jake Lacy) awards at the Hill Country Film Festival and the Best Guilty Pleasure Audience Award at the Seattle International Film Festival  It also won the Best Sport Comedy award in The Vancouver Sun's 2015 Sports Market Movie Awards 

See also
List of American football films
Searching for Sonny, the 2011 film directorial debut of Andrew Disney
Passage 6:
Marisa Tayui
Marisa Tayui (田結 万里紗) is a Japanese American actress  She appeared in the 2007 film Balls of Fury  She has also made appearances on The Andy Dick Show, Monk, Two and a Half Men, Heroes, MTV Movie Awards 2004, House, and The Bold and the Beautiful  She appeared in the Adam Sandler film Just Go With It 
Passage 7:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 8:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 9:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 10:
Andrew Disney
Andrew Disney is a Texas filmmaker and writer  He has attended the Tisch School of the Arts, where he received a BFA in Film Production 

Filmography
As director
What's It Worth (2003, also writer)
Frank's Last Shot (2007)
Searching for Sonny (2011, also writer)
Balls Out (2014)
Crunch Time (2016)



ground_truth: Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire