prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film whose director is younger, Cuchillos De Fuego or A Woman Has Killed?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Cuchillos de fuego
Cuchillos de fuego is a Venezuelan film released in 1990  It was directed by Román Chalbaud based on his theatre play Todo bicho de uña, where a young man, David, seeks revenge on his mother's rapist and murderer  In the film, which is styled like a Western, a stop-motion animated children's drawing of the young David crying over his mother's body is used to tell parts of the story  After searching through the Andes for ten years, he kills several Apaches for his revenge In its theatrical release it was viewed by 367,652 people 

Production
The film stars Miguel Ángel Landa, who also produced it, as well as Marisela Berti, Javier Zapata, Charles Barri, Natalia Martínez, Gabriel Fernández, Dora Mazzone, Jonathan Montenegro, Gabriel Martínez, and Raúl Medina Despite being a Spanish co-production, it was not released in Spain 

Response
The film has been praised for its mixing of diverse themes, like melodrama and fantasy  However, its use of Freudian references was seen as simple, with the film overall described as "somewhat indigestible" It has been assessed as thematically aligned with Chalbaud's other films, despite being a different genre  In this respect, it features "mirage-like memories" of David's mother;:46 masks and costumes used to show illusion and performance of characters thematically;:46-47 pop music in the background used to layer simple meaning;:47 the religious name (David) for its protagonist;:48 and the use of myths, specifically the "fairytale of the abandoned child" :52
Passage 2:
Vittorio Cottafavi
Vittorio Cottafavi (30 January 1914 – 14 December 1998) was an Italian film director and screenwriter  He directed 70 films between 1943 and 1985  His film Il diavolo sulle colline was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival 

Selected filmography
Passage 3:
Blossoms of Fire
Blossoms of Fire (also known as Ramo de fuego) is a 2000 documentary film about the people of Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico  The documentary was directed by Maureen Gosling and Ellen Osborne 

Overview
Author Elena Poniatowska described the women of Juchitán de Zaragoza, a city in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, as “guardians of men, distributors of food ” Artists like Miguel Covarrubias and Frida Kahlo celebrated their beauty and intelligence  Blossoms of Fire shows them in their daily lives as they run their own businesses, embroider their signature fiery blossoms on clothing and comment on articles in the foreign press that depict them as a promiscuous matriarchy  In particular, an article in the Latin American version of ELLE Magazine infuriated the community during the time the filmmakers were shooting in 1994  Yet, it is expressed throughout the film by the women that they do not consider their society to be a matriarchy 
The people interviewed in this film share a common work ethic and independent streak rooted in Zapotec culture  The movie demonstrates powerful women, the region’s progressive politics, and a tolerance of homosexuality  Veteran film editor and former Les Blank collaborator Maureen Gosling and co-director Ellen Osborne tell of an indigenous community whose "flair for survival in the modern world is a fighting spirit and the undeniable influence of women "

Scenes
A midwife laughs over a young husband’s behavior during birth,
A gay man cheerfully asserts that “the mom’s in charge” in Juchitecan society
Many proudly describe the challenges they face in their work and their families 

Honors and special screenings
World Premiere - San Francisco International Film Festival, Castro Theater, SF and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley
Coral Prize for Best Foreign Documentary About Latin America: Havana International Film Festival, Havana, Cuba 
"Best Of"Sunnyside of the Doc Film Market, Marseille, France
Award for Excellence - Society for Visual Anthropology, American Anthropological Association
Best Documentary - Film Fest New Haven, Conn 
Second Prize, Community Category, Terres en Vues First People's Festival,  Montréal, Québec
Prix Union Latine, Competition - La Cita Festival de Biarritz, Biarritz, France
El Foro de la Cineteca Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico (One of 12 international films chosen to screen at this prestigious Forum ) The film toured Mexico with the other films for three months following 
HBO Frame by Frame Series, The Screening Room, Manhattan
Tour of the Mexican Republic, including Juchitán, Oaxaca, Mexico City, and dozens of venues in the southern Mexican states  Sponsored by the Mexican Film Institute (IMCINE)  May–June 2001 
HDerHumALC (Human Rights) Film Festival, Buenos Aires, Argentina 
Toured with festival films to Lima, Peru (Dec  2002)
World Social Justice Forum in Porto Alegre and Belem, Brazil (Jan  2003) 

Credits
Producer, Director, Editor - Maureen Gosling
Director, Co-Producer - Ellen Osborne
Co-Producers - Toni Hanna, Maria Teresa García de la Noceda
Cinematographer - Xavier Pérez Grobet
Sound Recordist - Gabriela Espinoza
Field Producer - Susana Vásquez Sánchez
Associate Producer - Kelly Clement
Fiscal Sponsor - Film Arts Foundation, San Francisco
Featuring - the People of Juchitán and San Blas Atempa, Oaxaca
Passage 4:
Miloš Zličić
Miloš Zličić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Зличић; born 29 December 1999) is a Serbian football forward who plays for Smederevo 1924  He is a younger brother of Lazar Zličić 

Club career
Vojvodina
Born in Novi Sad, Zličić passed Vojvodina youth school and joined the first team at the age of 16  Previously, he was nominated for the best player of the "Tournament of Friendship", played in 2015  He made his senior debut in a friendly match against OFK Bačka during the spring half of the 2015–16 season, along with a year younger Mihajlo Nešković  Zličić made an official debut for Vojvodina in the 16th fixture of the 2016–17 Serbian SuperLiga season, played on 19 November 2016 against Novi Pazar 

Loan to Cement
In July 2018, Zličić joined the Serbian League Vojvodina side Cement Beočin on half-year loan deal  Zličić made his debut in an official match for Cement on 18 August, in the first round of the new season of the Serbian League Vojvodina, in a defeat against Omladinac  He scored his first senior goal on 25 August, in victory against Radnički 

International career
Zličić was called in Serbia U15 national team squad during the 2014, and he also appeared for under-16 national team between 2014 and 2015  He was also member of a U17 level later  After that, he was member of a U18 level, and scored goal against Slovenia U18 

Career statistics
As of 26 February 2020
Passage 5:
Ojos de fuego
Ojos de Fuego  (Eyes of Fire) is a 1995 Argentine independent short film written and directed by Jorge Gaggero 

Cast
Erasmo Olivera as Julian
Jorge Huertas as Comisario
Victor Poleri as Rengo
Eva Fernandez as Madre de Julian
Leandro Martínez as Laucha

External links
Ojos de fuego at IMDb
Passage 6:
La Bestia humana
La Bestia humana is a 1957 Argentine film whose story is based on the 1890 novel La Bête Humaine by the French writer Émile Zola 

External links
La Bestia humana at IMDb
Passage 7:
Román Chalbaud
Román Chalbaud (born 10 October 1931) is a Venezuelan film director and screenwriter, as well as a prominent playwright  Starting work in television after prestigious training, Chalbaud moved into making films before the industry took off in his home country, returning to theatre where he had been a great success for several years until filmmaking became a viable industry again  He has served as the president of Venezuela's leading theatre, television, and film organisations  A documentary about his life and work called Román en el universo de las maravillas, produced by Argentinian filmmakers, was released on 17 March 2018 in Altamira, Caracas at the Rómulo Gallegos Center for Latin American Studies 

Early life
Born in Mérida, Chalboud moved to Caracas with his grandmother at age six, and was seen in the city as a "learning-disabled" "country boy" Chalbaud was young, "in his adolescence" when he knew he wanted to be a storyteller, but also had a proclivity towards poetry  Some of his storytelling desires came from his grandmother, who was a keen reader of European literature, and also enjoyed watching some French and Italian films  It was not long after his revelation that he believed he could achieve both working in theatre and in film, the arts towards which he has focused since he was a teenager  His journey to becoming one of his nation's most renowned directors is framed as starting when he would go to a cinema as a teenager and watch films from the Golden Age of Mexican cinema, though Chalbaud himself says that he was inspired by dramatic angles when playing an angel in a Nativity play as a child and being hoisted into the rafters, able to watch the performance from a detached perspective, and to watch the audience as they watched the action After leaving high school, Chalbaud studied for two years at the Teatro Experimental in Caracas, and then studied directing under Lee Strasberg in New York 

Career
The director was in his late teens when he got jobs working in television, whilst writing plays  When working one television job, in the early 1950s, he reports that his group worked from 3 pm until 9 at night, and would then spend time at a brothel  It is during this time that he found inspiration and stories for his play El Pez que Fuma, which he would later make into a film  He also wrote the plays Los adolescentes, for which he won the Ateneo de Caracas prize, and Caín adolescente in his early television career  It was also the early 1950s when he worked as the assistant director to Mexican filmmaker Víctor Urruchúa, working on two of Urruchúa's films, Six Months of Life and Light in the High Plains  In 1955 he became the artistic director of Televisora Nacional, a company he left in 1958 It is possible that he left Televisora Nacional, the official statement being "for political reasons", when he was imprisoned in 1957 for five months by the regime of Marcos Pérez Jiménez, an experience he says gave him a social conscience to do good after being tortured Before releasing his first film, Chalbaud had seen enough success in playwriting that he was made the director of the National Theatre of Venezuela in 1958  He left this role the year after the release of Caín adolescente, in 1960  He had made two films by 1963, when cinema diminished in Venezuela and he was effectively forced to return to theatre  In 1967 he took the presidency of the UNESCO Latin American Theatre Institute, and it was in this year theatre collective "El Nuevo Grupo" was co-founded by Chalbaud; he dedicated the poem "Us and the Theatre" to the group, with which he has worked extensively since, that same year The success of Chalbaud's plays is placed on his characters, with the social-realist works characterised by an open treatment of dramatic plots, and a supposedly archetypal selection of characters used to portray irony with the social contexts of marginalisation they find themselves, all which critiques the situation of the country  This is also a reason that his plays, many of them that he made into films, are deemed timeless and socially relevant even in the 21st century  He was awarded the National Theatre Award of Venezuela in 1984  He is considered, along with friends Isaac Chocrón and José Ignacio Cabrujas, to be "a prime moving force in continuing the work of César Rengifo in the development of the contemporary Venezuelan theatre"  The three are known as the Holy Trinity of Venezuelan theatre Though making films in this time, he had been largely focused on theatre  This would change after 1969, when Chalbaud left his president role and when Venezuelan cinema entered its Golden Age  He did return to television, joining Radio Caracas Television in 1969, but began his most successful line of work in film direction  Moving into film gave Chalbaud international acclaim, all of his films being screened at film festivals, and one being the first of his country's foreign-language Oscar nominations  His films, some of which are self-adaptations, are said to thematically continue his theatre work  He received the National Film Award of Venezuela in 1990 In 1974, Chalbaud, with other filmmakers of his generation, started Gente de Cine C A , a production company which would produce most of his own films  In 1975, thanks to new national legislation pushed through by the Asociación Nacional de Autores Cinematográficos (National Association of Cinema Auteurs) — ANAC — Chalbaud was the first director to receive protected state funding, making the film Sacred and Obscene  The success of this film quashed the government's doubts about the funding program  He was then named President of the ANAC in 1978, and was the Director General of the Fundación Cinemateca Nacional de Venezuela (National Foundation of Venezuelan Cinema) for two years Chalbaud resigned from Radio Caracas in 1982  In 1985, the San Sebastián Film Festival dedicated a retrospective to him; he has also been on the Jury of this festival, in 1990 In June 2018, he said he was in pre-production for a film trilogy about the life of Hugo Chávez Alfonso Molina, in his 2002 book on the director, wrote that you cannot fully understand the socio-political culture of Venezuela without watching Chalbaud's films 

Personal life
Chalbaud revealed little personal information until he was quite old, when he said that though he loves the landscape of his home city Mérida, he considers Caracas the place to grow old  His favourite play is El Pez que Fuma  Fabián Pierucci, the director of the documentary about his life, says that Chalbaud is "tireless, from his early rise until the night he is reading, writing, going to conferences, helping people" He considers Luis Buñuel a "master" Chalbaud's political affiliation is chavismo, which he believes "most of the country" follows, arguing that Nicolás Maduro is not a dictator and that the opposition since his election are "monsters", justifying the government treatment of opposition members and describing the Constituent National Assembly as Venezuela's legitimate democratic house 

Filmography
Passage 8:
La niña de fuego
La niña de fuego (The fire girl) is a 1952 Argentine film 

Cast
Lolita Torres – Fernanda / Fernando
Ricardo Passano – Pocho
Mario Baroffio – Cipriano Albaicín
César Fiaschi – Pereda
Domingo Márquez – Andrés
Antonio Martelo
Helena Cortesina
Alfonso Pisano – Ramallo
Arsenio Perdiguero – mr  José
Antonio Martiánez – Captain
Delfy Miranda – Ofelia
Noemí Laserre – María de los Cantares
Arturo Arcari
Semillita – box spectator
Helena Cortesina – Clotilde
Carlos Mendi – Marino
Ofelia Cortesina
Luis Laneri
Dante Liguori

External links
La niña de fuego at IMDb
Passage 9:
La selva de fuego
La Selva de Fuego (The Jungle of Fire) is a 1945 Mexican romantic drama film directed by Fernando de Fuentes and starring Dolores del Río 

Plot summary
The movie develops into the Jungle of Chiapas in México  A beautiful woman named Estrella (Dolores del Río) lost in a savage zone of the jungle  She is found by a group of men who are being held into the jungle as social outcasts  Their leader, Luciano (Arturo de Córdova) is a man of integrity, but with an inexplicable hatred toward women  The presence of a sensual woman between several alone men causing a chaos that only Luciano can save 

Curiosities
According to María Félix in her autobiography (Todas mis Guerras México, 1993), cause of this movie, she and Dolores del Río mistook their paths for only time  The film was written by Félix, but the messenger sent by mistake the film for Dolores  María finished filming the movie Vértigo (written by Dolores) 
Passage 10:
A Woman Has Killed
A Woman Has Killed (Italian: Una donna ha ucciso) is a 1952 Italian melodrama crime film directed by Vittorio Cottafavi  While on a train journey a young woman tells another passenger how she murdered her husband, a British army officer  It is a neorealist film, based on the real story of Lidia Cirillo, who appears in the film 
The film's sets were designed by the art director Ottavio Scotti 

Cast
Frank Latimore as 	Capt  Roy Prescott
Lianella Carell as 	Anna
Alessandro Serbaroli as 	Larry (as Alex Serbaroli)
Vera Palumbo as 	Carla
Umberto Spadaro as 	Padre di Anna
Marika Rowsky
Celeste Aída
Diego Muni
Vincenzo Milazzo
Pia De Doses
Lidia Cirillo
Context 2: Passage 1:
Bill Dundee
William Cruickshanks (born 24 October 1943) is a retired Scottish-born Australian professional wrestler and author better known by his stage name Bill Dundee  Cruickshanks is the father of Jamie Dundee and was the father-in-law of wrestler Bobby Eaton 

Career
Dundee was born in Angus, Scotland, and raised in Melbourne  At 16, he joined the circus as a trapeze artist  He started wrestling in Australia in 1962 and finally arrived in the United States as "Superstar" Bill Dundee in 1974 with his tag team partner George Barnes 
Dundee made a name for himself in the Memphis Territory, where he regularly teamed and feuded with Jerry Lawler and Jimmy Valiant for years  Dundee and Lawler ventured to the American Wrestling Association in 1987 and captured the AWA World Tag Team Championship twice 
As a singles wrestler, he held the Southern Heavyweight Championship belt several times from 1975 to 1985  Also, he had a successful team with "Nature Boy" Buddy Landel that wreaked havoc in Tennessee 
Dundee had a brief run in the NWA's Jim Crockett Promotions, Central States Wrestling and Florida Championship Wrestling in 1986, where he teamed with Jimmy Garvin and feuded with Sam Houston for the NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship  He also briefly managed The Barbarian and The MOD Squad while in those territories 
He also had a run in World Championship Wrestling in the early 1990s as Sir William, the manager for Lord Steven Regal 
Dundee worked as a booker for Memphis, Louisiana and Georgia 
Dundee is still active as of 2019 in Memphis Wrestling, where he has been a heel and a baby face  He frequently appears on Jackson, Tennessee, talk radio station WNWS 101 5 with Dan Reeves and on a talk show on Public-access television cable TV channels in West Tennessee  He still promotes indy cards across Tennessee and in Southaven, Mississippi  He currently runs a podcast on Anchor named If You Don't Want the Answer, Don't Ask the Question 
On 20 July 2019, Dundee, at 75 years old, defeated Tony Deppen to win the unofficial WOMBAT Television Championship for Game Changer Wrestling in Tullahoma, Tennessee 

Books
If You Don't Want The Answer, Don't Ask The Question: Bill Dundee's Life Story

Personal life
Dundee's son Jamie Dundee, also became a wrestler, whereas his daughter Donna, married wrestler Bobby Eaton  His grandson, Dylan Eaton, wrestles as well 
In the early 1990s he partnered with Doug Hurt, brother of Jerry Lawler's manager, in the opening of a furniture store in Evansville, Indiana called "Superstar Dundee Furniture"  The store collapsed about a year after opening 
On 26 June 2021, his daughter Donna died at the age of 57 from breast cancer  Just over a month later, his son-in-law Bobby Eaton died on 4 August 2021 at the age of 62, just two weeks after suffering a fall at his home 

Championships and accomplishments
American Wrestling Federation
AWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Central States Wrestling
NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Memphis Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2017
Mid-South Wrestling Association
Mid-South Television Championship (1 time)
NWA Mid-America / Continental Wrestling Association / Championship Wrestling Association
AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (9 times)
AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (14 times) – with Norvell Austin (1), Robert Gibson (1), Jerry Lawler (4), Robert Fuller (1), Tommy Rich (2), Dream Machine (2), Steve Keirn (2) and Dutch Mantel (1)
AWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Jerry Lawler1
CWA International Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
CWA International Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rocky Johnson
CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
CWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
CWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tommy Rich
NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA Mid-America Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ricky Gibson
NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Memphis version) (1 time)
NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-America version) (3 times) – with Big Bad John (2) and Tommy Rich (1)
NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Ohio Valley Wrestling
OVW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Power Pro Wrestling
PPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jerry Lawler
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No  56 of the 100 top tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Jerry Lawler in 2003
Pro Wrestling This Week
Wrestler of the Week (21–27 June 1987)
Southeastern Championship Wrestling
NWA Southeastern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tommy Rich
NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship (Southeastern version) (1 time)
Supreme Wrestling
Supreme Mid-America Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rob Royale
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
USWA Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
USWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
USWA World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Jerry Lawler (2) and Jamie Dundee (1)
WOMBAT Wrestling
WOMBAT Television Championship (1 time, current)
World Class Wrestling Association
CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship (2 times)21Dundee's and Lawler's reigns with the AWA World Tag Team Championship began on cards hosted by the CWA through the interpromotional relationship between the AWA and CWA that also allowed the defense of the AWA Southern Heavyweight and Southern Tag Team Championships primarily within the CWA 2The CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship was promoted in both the CWA and WCWA while the promotions had a working relationship in 1989 and 1990 
Passage 2:
Mohammad Ilyas (cricketer)
Mohammad Ilyas Mahmood  (Urdu: محمد الیاس محمود ; born 19 March 1946) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in ten Test matches between 1964 and 1969 

Cricket career
Ilyas was an opening batsman and occasional leg-spin bowler  He played first-class cricket in Pakistan from 1961 to 1972  He scored 126 in the Third Test against New Zealand in Karachi in April 1965, when Pakistan needed 202 to win in five and half hours, and reached the target with a session to spare for the loss of only two wickets  He made his highest first-class score in December 1964, when he scored 154 against South Australia He toured Australia a second time with the Pakistan team in 1972–73, but was injured early in the tour and omitted from the team before it left for the New Zealand leg of the tour  At the time he decided to stay in Australia to live, but he later returned to Pakistan  He served for a time as a national selector, but was dismissed in 2011 for allegedly violating the Pakistan Cricket Board's code of conduct 

Family
He is the father-in-law of Imran Farhat and Kamran Akmal  Nazar Mohammad was his uncle 
Passage 3:
Rosamund (wife of Alboin)
Rosamund (fl  572) was a Lombard queen  She was the daughter of Cunimund, king of the Gepids, and wife of Alboin, king of the Lombards 

Life
Rosamund was born into a kingdom in crisis, as the Gepid people had been fighting a losing battle against the Lombards since 546, firstly within the context of a Lombardic-East Roman alliance, and later against the Lombards and the Avar nomads  These wars had taken the lives of not only her grandfather king Thurisind, but also her uncle, Thurismund, both of which served to establish a long-standing hatred of the Lombards in her father, Cunimund, which he passed down to her 
This hatred was what spawned the final war of the Gepids, as Cunimund attempted to win back lost lands against the Lombards  The war, however, quickly turned, and in 567, the Gepid Kingdom would be completely subdued by a mixture of Lombard and Avar forces, her father was decapitated and she, along with many other Gepids, was taken as a prisoner of the Lombards (see Lombard–Gepid War (567))  However, in an attempt to secure a male heir and following the death of his first wife Clotsuinda of Frankia, Alboin took her as his wife  Alboin was noted for his cruelty towards her; his most famous act of cruelty was reported by Paulus Diaconus, who states that at a royal banquet in Verona, Alboin forced her to drink from the skull of her dead father (which he carried around his belt), inviting her "to drink merrily with her father" 
After this, she began plotting to have her husband assassinated   Thus, Rosamund met with the king's arms bearer and her lover, Helmichis, who suggested using Peredeo, "a very strong man", to accomplish the assassination  Peredeo refused to help, and that night mistakenly had intercourse with Rosamund, who was disguised as a servant  After learning that he had committed adultery with his king's wife, Peredeo agreed to take part in an assassination attempt in fear of the king's retribution  After the great feast, Alboin went to bed inebriated, at which point Rosamund ordered the king's sword bound to his bedpost, so that should he wake in the middle of the assassination attempt, he would be defenseless  Alboin did wake, only to find himself unarmed  He fended off his attackers temporarily with a footstool, but was killed  Due in part to the work of Paulus Diaconus, there seems to be some confusion about who actually killed Alboin, with both Helmichis and Peredeo assigned as sole murderer Immediately afterwards, Helmichis planned to marry Rosamund and usurp the throne by claiming kingship  However, this plan gained little support from the various duchies of the Lombard kingdom, so Rosamund, Helmichis, and Albsuinda, Alboin's daughter by his first wife, fled together to the East Roman stronghold of Ravenna with a large proportion of Alboin's private treasures   Rosamund and Helmichis married in Ravenna, but were soon divided when Rosamund, in an attempt to curry favour, took as a lover Longinus, the exarch, who had helped them plan the murder of Alboin  At the urging of Longinus, who promised to marry her, she attempted to murder her former lover Helmichis by poisoning, handing him the drink after he had washed; however, she was instead murdered by Helmichis, who forced her to drink the poison before committing suicide by the same means 

Rosamund in later culture
Rosamund would inspire many later tragedies, based on her life, particularly in Italy, where the folk song "Donna Lumbarda" was passed down orally through the generations, inspiring later renditions of the tale 
She's a heroine of Boccaccio's De casibus virorum illustrium (book 8) 
Medieval folk tales and legends developed  The first true tragedy, Giovanni Rucellai's Rosmunda, was first performed in 1525 and would serve as the basis for many later tellings of the story in the Italian language, such as Vittorio Alfieri's 1783 work of the same name and a Sam Benelli play of 1911  The conspiracy to murder Alboin also inspired the 1961/2 film Rosmunda e Alboino, aka Sword of the Conqueror etc , by Carlo Campogalliani 
In 1665 Urban Hjärne wrote a comedy in Swedish on the same matter, Rosimunda  It is the first original play in that language known to have actually been staged, as entertainment for the young Charles XI while he studied at Uppsala university 
In the English language, the story would also be considered a tragedy, albeit more often neglected than in the Italian tradition, but it was the subject of Robert Burton Rodney's mid 19th C  poem Alboin and Rosamond, and would be treated by the pre-Raphaelite poet Algernon Charles Swinburne in his 1899 work Rosamund, Queen of the Lombards 
In Meg Cabot's young adult novel series The Princess Diaries published from 2000 on, Rosimunda is renamed 'Rosagunde'  While the story of her marriage to Alboin is the same, in Cabot's re-telling she is granted Genovia by the king of Italy as a reward for killing Alboin, making her the first princess of Genovia and an ancestor to the series' protagonist Mia Thermopolis 

See also
Cleopatra VII
Theodora

Notes
External links
 Media related to Rosamund at Wikimedia Commons
Passage 4:
Ludwig von Westphalen
Johann Ludwig von Westphalen (11 July 1770 – 3 March 1842) was a liberal Prussian civil servant and the father-in-law of Karl Marx 

Biography
Early life
Johann Ludwig von Westphalen was born on 11 July 1770 in Bornum am Elm  He was the youngest son of Philipp von Westphalen (1724–92), who himself was the son of a Blankenburg postmaster  Philipp von Westphalen had been ennobled in 1764 with the predicate Edler von Westphalen by Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick for his military services  He had served as the duke's de facto "chief of staff" during the Seven Years' War  Through his mother, Jane Wishart of Pittarrow, he was the descendant of many Scottish and European noble families He received extensive education and spoke German and English, and read Latin, Greek, Italian, French and Spanish  He studied at the Collegium Carolinum, the forerunner of today's Braunschweig University of Technology, and at Göttingen 

Career
In 1794, he entered government's service in Brunswick  In 1797 he married Elisabeth von Veltheim, who bore him four children  In 1804 he entered the government service of the Duchy of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel) 
With the establishment of the Napoleonic state in Westphalia (the Kingdom of Westphalia) in 1807, he entered its service  He was likely motivated in this by a desire to see reforms carried out  He did, however, oppose the French dominance of the local government, and other policies, and for his critique he was eventually arrested by orders from Louis-Nicolas Davout and imprisoned in the fortress of Gifhorn  In the same year, he lost his first wife  In the summer of 1809 Louis was appointed sub-prefect of Salzwedel, where three years later in 1812 he married Karoline Heubel; they had three children  After Salzwedel was again under Prussian administration, in 1816 Ludwig von Westphalen was transferred to the newly established regional government in Trier 

Personal life
It was in Trier that he met and befriended Heinrich Marx, the father of Karl Marx  The children of the respective families, in particular Jenny and Edgar von Westphalen, and Sophie and Karl Marx, became close friends as well  In 1836, Jenny von Westphalen and Karl Marx became engaged; at first secretly but Ludwig approved the marriage in 1837, even though some saw Marx, who was both middle class and younger than her, as well as of Jewish descent, as an inappropriate partner for the noble daughter  In fact, Ludwig was seen as the mentor and role model of Karl Marx, who referred to him as a "dear fatherly friend"  Ludwig filled Marx with enthusiasm for the romantic school and read him Homer and Shakespeare, who remained Marx's favorite authors all his life  Marx also read Voltaire and Racine with Ludwig  Ludwig devoted much of his time to the young Marx and the two went for intellectual walks through "the hills and woods" of the neighbourhood  It was Ludwig who first introduced Marx to the personality and socialist teachings of Saint-Simon  Marx dedicated his doctoral thesis "The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature" written in 1841 to Ludwig in a most effusive manner in which Marx wrote "You, my fatherly friend, have always been for me the living proof that idealism is no illusion, but the true reality" In 1842, Marx was present at the deathbed of Ludwig von Westphalen  Jenny and Karl became married in 1843, a year after Ludwig's death 
He was the father of Ferdinand von Westphalen, a conservative and reactionary Prussian Minister of the Interior 

Death
He died on 3 March 1842 in Trier 
Passage 5:
James Armour (Master mason)
James Armour (15 January 1731 – 20 September 1798) was a master mason and father of Jean Armour, and therefore the father-in-law of the poet Robert Burns  His birth year was shown here as 1730  The Scotland's People database has no record of this year of birth for a James Armour  Wikitree and several other data sources have his birth date as 10th/24th January 1731  The Scotland's People database has this record but showing his baptism on 24 January 1731  His birth on the original Old Parish Record is shown as 15 January 1731 to John Armour and Margrat(sic) Picken in Kilmarnock  James named his first son John which would normally be after James's father i e  John  The chances of there being two James's born on exactly the same date exactly one year apart appear very remote and the naming of the first child seems to validate the conclusion that James Armour was born in 1731 and not 1730 

Life and background
At Mauchline on 7 December 1761 he married Mary Smith, the daughter of stonemason Adam Smith  James died on 30 September 1798 and was buried in the family lair in Mauchline churchyard  His wife died in 1805 and was buried with her husband 

Family
James' eleven offspring with Mary, were, in birth order, John, Jean, James, Robert, Adam, Helen, Mary, Robert (2nd), Mary (2nd), Janet and Robert (3rd)  Three siblings died in childhood  Dr John Armour was the eldest son who was born in Mauchline on 14 November 1762 and died in 1834  He had his practice in Kincardine-on-Forth where he died and was buried  He had two children, Janet and John, and married Janet Coventry on 10 March 1787  James and Mary's son James was born in Mauchline on 26 April 1767, married Betthaia Walker in 1794, Martha in 1818 and Janet in 1822  Their offspring were James and Betthaia  Adam Armour was named after Adam Smith, James Armour's father-in-law The Armours' single-storey house stood in Cowgate, separated from John Dove's Whitefoord Arms by a narrow lane  Jean's bedroom window looked on to a window of the inn, thereby allowing Burns to converse with her from the public house itself  The Whitefoord Inn was often frequented by Burns and was also the meeting place of the so-called Court of Equity and linked to a significant incident in the life of Jean's brother Adam regarding the mistreatment of Agnes Wilson 

Occupation and social standing
James was a master mason and contractor rather than an architect, regardless of Burns' attempts to describe him as one  He is known to have carried out contract work at Dumfries House near Cumnock and tradition links him to the building of Howford Bridge on the River Ayr, Greenan Bridge on the River Doon; Skeldon House, Dalrymple; and several other bridges in Ayrshire  Both the Armours and his wife's family had been stone-masons for several generations  William Burnes, Robert Burns' cousin, was apprenticed to James Armour James was an adherent of the 'Auld Licht' style of religion and rented at 10/8 per year one of the most expensive pews in Mauchline church  James was rigid and austere, apparently living an exemplary life  Robert Burns-Begg, Burns' great-nephew, states that in contrast to her husband, Mary Armour was "Partaken somewhat of the gay and frivolous " William 'Willie' Patrick, a source of many anecdotes about Robert and his family, stated about James that "he was only a bit mason body, wha used to snuff a guid deal and gae afen tak a bit dram!" He went on to say regarding James' attitude to Robert Burns that "The thing was, he hated him, and would raither hae seen the Deil himsel comin to the hoose to coort his dochter than him! He cu'dna bear the sicht o'm, and that was the way he did it!" 

Association with Robert Burns
James had disapproved of Burns's courtship of Jean, being aware of his affair with Elizabeth Paton, his 'New Licht' leanings and his poor financial situation  When informed in March 1786 by his distraught wife that Jean was pregnant he fainted and upon recovering consciousness and being given a strong cordial drink he enquired who the father was, fainting again when he was told that it was Robert Burns  The couple persuaded Jean to travel to Paisley and lodge with their relative Andrew Purdie, husband of her aunt Elizabeth Smith  Robert Wilson lived in Paisley, a possible suitor who had shown a romantic interest in Jean previously, appears to have been only part of the reason for this action, for on 8 April Mary Armour had vehemently denied to James Lamie, a member of the Kirk Session, that Jean was pregnant 
Robert Burns produced a paper, probably a record of their "Marriage by Declaration" possibly witnessed by James Smith  This document, no longer extant, was defaced under James Armour's direction, probably by the lawyer Robert Aitken, with the names of both Robert and Jean being cut out  This act did not in fact effect its legality   Robert wrote that James Armour's actions had "   cut my very veins", a feeling enhanced by Jean having handed over "the unlucky paper" and had agreed to go to Paisley 
James Armour in the meantime forced his daughter to sign a complaint and a warrant "in meditatione fugae" against Robert was issued to prevent his abandoning her  Burns fled to Old Rome Forest near Gatehead in South Ayrshire, where Jean Brown, Agnes Broun's half-sister and therefore an aunt of Burns, lived with her husband, James Allan 
Twins were born to Jean and Robert on 3 September 1786, named after their parents as was the kirk's protocol for children born out of wedlock  Robert, notified of the birth by Adam Armour, that Sunday went to the Armour's house with a gift of tea, sugar and a Guinea that proved most acceptable   Robert only returned from Edinburgh in the summer of 1787 to find that he was, thanks to his newly found fame as a published poet, actively welcomed into the family 
Jean however fell pregnant out of official wedlock once more, with the result that she felt forced to leave the Armour's home due to her father's anger  She was taken in by Willie Muir and his wife at Tarbolton Mill  It had previously been agreed that baby Jean would stay with her mother and baby Robert would join Bess at Mossgiel  The second set of twins did not live long and are buried, unnamed, in the Armour lair in Mauchline churchyard  Robert was in Edinburgh and did not arrive back until 23 February 1788; he then arranged accommodation for Jean Whilst at the Brow Well Robert Burns wrote two of his last letters to his father-in-law asking that Mary Armour, who was away visiting relatives in Fife, be sent to Dumfries to help care for Jean who was heavily pregnant  On 10 July 1796 his last letter was signed "Your most affectionate son  R  Burns "Upon the death of Robert Burnes his nephew Robert arranged for his cousin William to become a mason or building worker, working with James Armour, Burns' father-in-law 

The Inveraray marble Punch Bowl
Of the many surviving Robert Burns artefacts few have such distinguished provenance as the punch bowl that was a nuptial gift in 1788 from James Armour to his daughter Jean and her new husband Robert Burns  As a stone-mason James had carved it himself (22cm x 14cm ) from dark green Inveraray marble and after residing at their various homes, Jean in 1801 presented it to her husband's great friend and Burns family benefactor Alexander Cunningham whilst she was on a visit to Edinburgh and staying with George Thomson  He had it mounted with a silver base and a rim, engraved upon which are the words “Ye whom social pleasure charms    Come to my Bowl! Come to my arms, My FRIENDS, my BROTHERS!” taken from Burns’s “The Epistle to J  Lapraik ”Alexander died in 1812 and it was then sold at auction in 1815 for the impressive price of 80 Guineas to a London publican who, falling upon hard times,  sold it to Archibald Hastie Esq of London  A copy is held by the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum at Alloway, whilst the original is in the British Museum in London, presented to that institution by Archibald Hastie in 1858 

See also
Adam Armour
Jean Armour
Robert Burnes
William Burnes
Passage 6:
Peter Burroughs
Peter Burroughs (born 27 January 1947) is a British television and film actor and the director of Willow Management  He is the father-in-law of actor and TV presenter Warwick Davis
Context 3: Passage 1:
Buck Lake (Alberta)
Buck Lake is a lake in Alberta; part of the North Saskatchewan River system 
The hamlet of Buck Lake is situated on the southwest shore of the lake  The Buck Lake-Calhoun's Bay Provincial Recreation Area, with campsites and water supply, is located on the central eastern shore  While the shoreline of Buck Lake is home to several developments, including Greystones and Oakes Bay on the north east arm, most of the shoreline remains undeveloped  The Buck Mountain Provincial Grazing Reserve is located on the north shoreline, and includes the outflow point of Bucklake Creek  Buck Lake is set amidst gently rolling hills in the County of Wetaskiwin, 105 km southwest of the city of Edmonton and 70 km north of the town of Rocky  Mountain House  Buck Lake is also home to the world famous “Blue Pearl”  The paddle boat ranked #1 in all of Buck Lake in 2020 and 2021 
Passage 2:
Howard Lake (Northwest Territories)
Howard Lake is a lake in the Northwest Territories, Canada 

See also
List of lakes in the Northwest Territories
Passage 3:
North Buck Lake (Alberta)
North Buck Lake is a lake in Alberta, Canada 
Passage 4:
Loon Lake, British Columbia
Loon Lake, British Columbia may refer to one of a number of lakes in this province of Canada with this precise name or to others with similar names 

Lakes with this name
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Lillooet Land District)
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Alberni Land District) 49 253333°N 124 699722°W﻿ / 49 253333; -124 699722
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Queen Charlotte Land District) 53 699722°N 132 095278°W﻿ / 53 699722; -132 095278
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Kamloops Division Yale Land District) 49 890556°N 120 536389°W﻿ / 49 890556; -120 536389
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Kootenay Land District) 49



ground_truth: Cuchillos De Fuego

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is Helmichis's father-in-law?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Early career
Burroughs initially ran a shop in his village at Yaxley, Cambridgeshire 
His first dramatic role was that of the character "Branic" in the 1979 television series The Legend of King Arthur  He also acted in the television shows Dick Turpin, The Goodies, Doctor Who in the serial The King's Demons and One Foot in the Grave 

Film career
Burroughs played roles in Hollywood movies such as Flash Gordon, George Lucas' Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (a swinging ewok), Willow, The Dark Crystal, Labyrinth and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy  In 1995, Burroughs set up Willow Management, an agency for short actors, along with co-actor Warwick Davis  He portrayed a bank goblin in the Harry Potter series (Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2) 

Personal life
His daughter Samantha (born 1971), is married to Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi and Willow film star Warwick Davis  He has another daughter, Hayley Burroughs, who is also an actress  His granddaughter is Annabelle Davis 

Filmography
Passage 7:
Helmichis
Helmichis (fl  572) was a Lombard noble who killed his king, Alboin, in 572 and unsuccessfully attempted to usurp his throne  Alboin's queen, Rosamund, supported or at least did not oppose Helmichis' plan to remove the king, and after the assassination Helmichis married her  The assassination was assisted by Peredeo, the king's chamber-guard, who in some sources becomes the material executer of the murder  Helmichis is first mentioned by the contemporary chronicler Marius of Avenches, but the most detailed account of his endeavours derives from Paul the Deacon's  late 8th-century Historia Langobardorum 
The background to the assassination begins when Alboin killed the king of the Gepids in 567 and captured the king's daughter Rosamund  Alboin then led his people into Italy, and by 572 had settled himself in Verona, which made him vulnerable to the ambitions of other prominent Lombards, such as Helmichis, who was Alboin's foster-brother and arms-bearer   After Alboin's death, Helmichis attempted to gain the throne  He married Rosamund to legitimize his position as new king, but immediately faced stiff opposition from his fellow Lombards who suspected Helmichis of conniving with the Byzantines; this hostility eventually focused around the duke of Ticinum Cleph, supporter of an aggressive policy towards the Empire 
Rather than going to war, Helmichis, Rosamund and their followers escaped to Ravenna, the capital of Byzantine Italy, where they were received with full honours by the authorities  Once in Ravenna, Rosamund was persuaded by the Byzantine prefect Longinus to kill Helmichis in order to be free to marry him  Rosamund proceeded to poison Helmichis, but the latter, having understood what his wife had done to him, forced her to drink the cup too, so both of them died  After their deaths, Longinus dispatched Helmichis' forces to Constantinople, while the remaining Lombards had already found a new king in Cleph 

Background
The oldest author to write about Helmichis is the contemporary chronicler Marius of Avenches  In his account he mentions that "Alboin was killed by his followers, that is Hilmaegis with the rest, his wife agreeing to it"  Marius continues by adding that, after killing the king, Helmichis married his widow and tried unsuccessfully to gain the throne  His attempt failed and he was forced to escape together with his wife, the royal treasure and the troops that had sided with him in the coup  This account has strong similarities with what is told in the Origo  The Origo would in its turn become a direct source for the Historia Langobardorum The background to the assassination begins when Alboin, king of the Lombards, a Germanic people living in Pannonia (in the region of modern Hungary), went to war against the neighbouring Gepids in 567  In a decisive battle, Alboin killed the Gepid king Cunimund and captured the king's daughter Rosamund – later marrying her to guarantee the loyalty of the surviving Gepids  The following year, the Lombards migrated to Italy, a territory then held by the Byzantine Empire  In 569 Alboin took Mediolanum (Milan), the capital of northern Italy, and by 570 he had assumed control of most of northern Italy  The Byzantine forces entrenched themselves in the strategic town of Ticinum (Pavia), which they took only after a long siege  Even before taking Ticinum, the Lombards crossed the Apennines and invaded Tuscia  After the fall of Ticinum, Alboin chose Verona as his first permanent headquarters  In this town Alboin was assassinated in 572 and it is in these circumstances that Helmichis' name is first heard of  Most of the available details are in the Historia Langobardorum 

Assassination
By settling himself in Verona and temporarily interrupting his chain of conquests, Alboin had weakened his popular standing as a charismatic warrior king  The first to take advantage of this was Rosamund, who could count on the support of the Gepid warriors in the town in her search for an opportunity to avenge the death of her father  To obtain this goal she persuaded Helmichis, spatharius (arms bearer) and foster brother of the king, and also head of a personal armed retinue in Verona, to take part in a plot to eliminate Alboin and replace him on the throne  Helmichis persuaded Rosamund to involve Peredeo, described by Paul simply as "a very strong man", who was seduced through a trick by the Queen and forced to consent to become the actual assassin This story is partly in conflict with what is told by the Origo, which has Peredeo acting as an instigator and not as the murderer  In a similar vein to the Origo is the account of Peredeo contained in the Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani, where it is added that Peredeo was Alboin's "chamber-guard", hinting that in the original version of the story Peredeo's role may just have been to let in the real assassin, who is Helmichis in Agnellus' account, as it had been in that of Marius  However, the primary intent of the Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani may have been to obtain a more straightforward and coherent narrative by reducing the number of actors in the story, beginning with Peredeo  The disappearance of Peredeo, however, means that the role of Helmichis changes: while Paul presents him as "the efficient conspirator and killer", with Agnellus he is a victim of a ruthless and domineering queen According to historian Paolo Delogu it may be that Agnellus' narrative better reflects Lombard oral tradition than Paul's  In his interpretation, Paul's narrative represents a late distortion of the Germanic myths and rituals contained in the oral tradition  In a telling consistent with Germanic tradition, it would be Helmichis who was seduced by the queen, and by sleeping with him Rosamund would pass Alboin's royal charisma magically to the king's prospective murderer  A symbol of this passage of powers is found in Paul's account of the assassin's entry: Alboin's inability to draw his sword represents here his loss of power After the king's death on June 28, 572, Helmichis married Rosamund and claimed the Lombard throne in Verona  The marriage was important for Helmichis: it legitimized his rule because, judging from Lombard history, royal prerogatives could be inherited by marrying the king's widow; and the marriage was a guarantee for Helmichis of the loyalty of the Gepids in the army, who sided with the queen since she was Cunimund's daughter 

Failure
Behind the coup were almost certainly the Byzantines, who had every interest in removing a dangerous enemy and replacing him with somebody, if not from a pro-Byzantine faction, at least less actively aggressive  Gian Piero Bognetti advances a few hypotheses about Helmichis' motivation for his coup: his reason could have involved a family link to the Lethings, the Lombard royal dynasty that had been dispossessed by Alboin's father Audoin; or he may have been related through Amalafrid to the Amali, the leading dynasty of the Goths  Helmichis easily obtained the support of the Lombards in Verona, and he probably hoped to sway all the warriors and Lombard dukes to his side by having Alboin's only child, Albsuinda, under his control  He may also have hoped for Byzantine help in buying the dukes' loyalty economically Helmichis' coup ultimately failed because it met strong opposition from the many Lombards who wanted to continue the war against the Byzantines and to confront the regicides  Faced with the prospect of going to war at overwhelming odds, Helmichis asked for help from the Byzantines  The praetorian prefect Longinus enabled him to avoid a land route possibly held by hostile forces, by shipping him instead down the Po to Byzantine-held Ravenna, together with his wife, his Lombard and Gepid troops, the royal treasure and Albsuinda  Bognetti believes that Longinus may have planned to make the Lombards weaker by depriving them of any legitimate heir  In addition, because of the ongoing war, it was hard to assemble all the warriors to elect a new king formally  This plan was brought to nothing by the troops stationed in Ticinum, who elected their duke Cleph king, having it in mind to continue Alboin's aggressive policy  In contrast, Wolfram argues that Cleph was elected in Ticinum while Helmichis was still making his bid for the crown in Verona 

Death
Once in Ravenna, Helmichis and Rosamund rapidly became estranged  According to Paul, Longinus persuaded Rosamund to get rid of her husband so that he could marry her  To accomplish this, she made him drink a cup full of poison; before dying, however, Helmichis understood what his wife had done and forced her to drink the cup too, so they both died  According to Wolfram, there may be some historical truth in the account of Longinus' proposal to Rosamund, as it was possible to achieve Lombard kingship by marrying the queen, but the story of the two lovers' end is not historical but legendary  The mutual murder as told by Agnellus is given a different interpretation by Joaquin Martinez Pizarro: he sees Helmichis' last action as a symbol of how the natural hierarchy of sexes is at last restored, after the queen's actions had unnaturally modified the proper equilibrium At this point, Longinus sent the royal treasure and Albsuinda to Constantinople, the Empire's capital, together with Helmichis' forces, which were to become Byzantine mercenaries  This was a common Byzantine strategy, already applied previously to the Ostrogoths, by which large national contingents were relocated to be used in other theatres  These are believed to be the same 60,000 Lombards that are attested by John of Ephesus as being active in Syria in 575 against the Persians  As for Albsuinda, the Byzantine diplomacy probably aimed to use her as a political tool to impose a pro-Byzantine king on the Lombards  According to Agnellus, once Longinus' actions came to the attention of emperor Justin II they were greatly praised, and the emperor gave lavish gifts to his official Cleph kept his throne for only 18 months before being assassinated by a slave  An important success for the Byzantines was that no king was proclaimed to succeed him, opening a decade of interregnum and making the Lombards who remained in Italy more vulnerable to attacks from Franks and Byzantines  It was only when faced with the danger of annihilation by the Franks in 584 that the Lombard dukes elected a new king in the person of Authari, son of Cleph, who began the definitive consolidation and centralization of the Lombard kingdom 

Early Middle Ages sources
Among the surviving Early Middle Ages sources, there are six that mention Helmichis by name  Of these, the only contemporary one is the Chronica of Marius of Avenches, written in the 580s  Marius was bishop of Aventicum, a town located in the western Alps in the Frankish Kingdom of Burgundy  Because of the small distance from Aventicum to the Italian peninsula, the chronicler had easy access to information regarding northern Italy  For this reason, historian Roger Collins considers the Chronica, though short, to be reliable on Italian matters  The remaining sources all come from Italy and were written in later centuries  Two of them were written in the 7th century, the Continuatio Havniensis Prosperi and the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, both anonymous  The Continuatio is a chronicle written around 625 that has reached us in a single manuscript  As its name suggests, it is a continuation of the 5th century chronicle of Prosper of Aquitaine  Derived in considerable measure from the Chronica Majora of Isidore of Seville, it blames the Romans for their inability to defend Italy from foreign invaders, and praises the Lombards for defending the country from the Franks  This is the earliest surviving work to name Rosamund, the queen of the Lombards who plays a central role in Helmichis' attested biography  The other 7th century work, the Origo, is a brief prose history of the Lombards that is essentially an annotated king list, although it begins with a description of the founding myth of the Lombard nation  Giorgio Ausenda believes that the Origo was written around 643 as a prologue to the Edictum Rothari, and continued to be updated till 671  According to Walter Pohl, the author's motives are mostly political: the Origo serves to consolidate the Lombards' national identity by emphasising a shared history  Apart from the origin myth, the only more detailed account is the one concerning the death of Alboin, and thus Helmichis For the events surrounding 572, the most exhaustive source available is Paul the Deacon's Historia Langobardorum, a history of the Lombard nation up to 744  The book was finished in the last two decades of the 8th century, after the Lombard Kingdom had been conquered by the Franks in 774  Because of the apparent presence in the work of many fragments preserved from Lombard oral tradition, Paul's work has been often interpreted as a tribute to a vanishing culture  Among these otherwise lost traditions stands the tale of Alboin's death  According to Herwig Wolfram, what Paul deals with is an example of how nationally vital events were personalized to make them easier to preserve in the collective memory  Even later than the Historia Langobardorum, but possibly using earlier lost sources, are the last two primary sources to speak about Helmichis: the anonymous Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani and the Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis written by Andreas Agnellus  The first is a brief Christianizing version of the Origo that was made in the first decade of the 9th century from a Carolingian point of view  The second was written in the 830s by a priest from Ravenna and is a history of the bishops who held the see of Ravenna through the ages  Agnellus' passage on Alboin and Rosamund is mostly derived from Paul and little else 

Notes
Passage 8:
John Adams (merchant)
John Adams (1672 or 1673 – c  1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council  He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton 

Biography
Adams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams  Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710  Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life  There, he traded manufactured goods with the province's Acadian and Native Americans, and took up the role of a real estate agent and contractor  Adams joined the Executive Council of Nova Scotia on 28 April 1720, holding his position there for 20 years; the records show that few served as long as he did  He also held several other public positions in the province  Adams was appointed a notary public and deputy collector of customs for Annapolis Royal in 1725, and he was commissioned a justice of the peace in March 1727 Around the mid-1720s, Adams' poor eyesight began to fail, leading to his near-blindness in 1730  After this, he was less active in community activities and trade  Adams petitioned to the king for a pension several times, but failed  He blamed his disability on over-exposure to the sun during an Indian attack on Annapolis Royal in 1724  In December 1739, Lieutenant Governor Lawrence Armstrong died  With the absence of Major Mascarene to take Armstrong's place, Adams became the new president of the council and head of the civil government  (Alexander Cosby was also vying for the position ) In a meeting on 22 March 1740, with the return of Mascarene, the councilors declared that he was the council's rightful president  This turn of events led Adams to retire to Boston in late August or early September 1740, where he stayed for the rest of his life  He died some time after 1745 

Notes
Passage 9:
Ogawa Mataji
Viscount Ogawa Mataji (小川又次, 22 August 1848 – 20 October 1909) was a general in the early Imperial Japanese Army  He was also the father-in-law of Field Marshal Gen Sugiyama 

Life and military career
Ogawa was born to a samurai family; his father was a retainer to the daimyō of Kokura Domain, in what is now Kitakyushu, Fukuoka  He studied rangaku under Egawa Hidetatsu and fought as a Kokura samurai against the forces of Chōshū Domain during the Bakumatsu period 
After the Meiji Restoration, Ogawa attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in January 1871 and promoted to lieutenant in February 1874  He participated in the Taiwan Expedition of April 1874  Afterwards, he served with the IJA 1st Infantry Regiment under the Tokyo Garrison, and as a battalion commander with the IJA 13th Infantry Regiment from April 1876  From February 1877, he fought in the Satsuma Rebellion, but was wounded in combat in April and promoted to major the same month 
In March 1878, Ogawa was Deputy Chief-of-Staff to the Kumamoto Garrison  He was sent as a military attaché to Beijing from April to July 1880  In February 1881, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and chief of staff of the Osaka Garrison  In March 1882, he was chief of staff of the Hiroshima Garrison  Promoted to colonel in October 1884, he was assigned the IJA 8th Infantry Regiment  In May 1885, he joined the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office  German General Jakob Meckel, hired by the Japanese government as a foreign advisor and instructor in the Imperial Japanese Army Academy highly praised Ogawa and fellow colonel Kodama Gentarō as the two most outstanding officers in the Imperial Japanese Army  Ogawa was especially noted for his abilities as a military strategist and planner, and earned the sobriquet “the modern Kenshin") from General Kawakami Soroku 

First Sino-Japanese War
Ogawa was promoted to major general in June 1890, and given command of the IJA 4th Infantry Brigade, followed by command of the 1st Guards Brigade  At the start of the First Sino-Japanese War in August 1894, he was chief of staff of the Japanese First Army  In August 1895, he was elevated to the kazoku peerage with the title of danshaku (baron)  He commanded the 2nd Guards Brigade from January 1896 and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant general in April 1897, assuming command of the IJA 4th Infantry Division  In May 1903, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures, first class 

Russo-Japanese War
During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Ogawa retained command of the IJA 4th Division under the Japanese Second Army of General Oku Yasukata   The division was in combat at the Battle of Nanshan, Battle of Telissu and Battle of Liaoyang  At the Battle of Liaoyang, Ogawa was injured in combat, and forced to relinquish his command and return to Tokyo  In January 1905, he was promoted to general, but took a medical leave from December 1905  He was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class in 1906   In September 1907 he was elevated to viscount (shishaku) He officially retired in November 
Ogawa died on 20 October 1909 due to peritonitis after being hospitalized for dysentery  His grave is located at Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo, and he also has a grave in his hometown of Kokura 

Decorations
1885 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class  
1895 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class 
1895 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class 
1895 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class 
1903 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure 
1906 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
1906 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class
Passage 10:
Barthold A  Butenschøn Sr 
Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn (27 December 1877 – 28 November 1971) was a Norwegian businessperson 
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Nils August Andresen Butenschøn and Hanna Butenschøn, and grandson of Nicolay Andresen  Together with Mabel Anette Plahte (1877–1973, a daughter of Frithjof M  Plahte) he had the son Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn Jr  and was through him the father-in-law of Ragnhild Butenschøn and grandfather of Peter Butenschøn  Through his daughter Marie Claudine he was the father-in-law of Joakim Lehmkuhl, through his daughter Mabel Anette he was the father-in-law of Harald Astrup (a son of Sigurd Astrup) and through his daughter Nini Augusta he was the father-in-law of Ernst Torp He took commerce school and agricultural school  He was hired in the family company N  A  Andresen & Co, and became a co-owner in 1910  He eventually became chief executive officer  The bank changed its name to Andresens Bank in 1913 and merged with Bergens Kreditbank in 1920  The merger was dissolved later in the 1920s  He was also a landowner, owning Nedre Skøyen farm and a lot of land in Enebakk  He chaired the board of Nydalens Compagnie from 1926, having not been a board member before that He also chaired the supervisory council of Forsikringsselskapet Viking and Nedre Glommen salgsforening, and was a supervisory council member of Filharmonisk Selskap  He was a member of the gentlemen's club SK Fram since 1890, and was proclaimed a lifetime member in 1964 He was buried in Enebakk 
Context 3: 713889°N 116 914722°W﻿ / 49 713889; -116 914722
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Osoyoos Division Yale Land District) 50 105°N 119 133889°W﻿ / 50 105; -119 133889
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Kootenay Land District) 49 113611°N 115 106389°W﻿ / 49 113611; -115 106389
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Kootenay Land District) 51 055833°N 116 805°W﻿ / 51 055833; -116 805
Loon Lake, British Columbia (New Westminster Land District) 49 31°N 122 588333°W﻿ / 49 31; -122 588333

Lakes with similar names
Upper Loon Lake, British Columbia (Lillooet Land District) 51 188611°N 121 037222°W﻿ / 51 188611; -121 037222
Big Loon Lake, British Columbia (Range 5 Coast Land District) 54



ground_truth: Cunimund

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are both Howard Lake (British Columbia) and North Buck Lake (Alberta) located in the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 764167°N 125 836667°W﻿ / 54 764167; -125 836667
Passage 5:
Howard Lake (Wright County, Minnesota)
Howard Lake is a lake in Wright County, in the U S  state of Minnesota Howard Lake was named for John Howard (prison reformer) (1726–1790), an English prison reformer of the 18th century 

See also
List of lakes in Minnesota
Passage 6:
Howard Lake (British Columbia)
Howard Lake is a lake in British Columbia, Canada  It is located approximately 50 km northeast of 100 Mile House 

External links
BC Adventure (Tourism)
Passage 7:
Howard Lake (Cook County, Minnesota)
Howard Lake is a lake in Cook County, Minnesota, in the United States Howard Lake was named for a local mining prospector 

See also
List of lakes in Minnesota
Passage 8:
Howard Lake (Mendocino County)
Howard Lake is a natural lake in northwestern Mendocino County, California, located in the Mendocino National Forest at an elevation of 3,852 feet (1,174 m)  It covers an area of 20 acres (8 1 ha)  The lake hosts a small campground and is a popular primitive camping experience  In some years, the U S  Forest Service stocks the lake with rainbow trout Howard Lake should not be confused with the lake of the same name located 21 miles (34 km) to the southwest 

See also
List of lakes in California
Passage 9:
Buck Lake
Buck Lake may refer to:

Buck Lake, Alberta, a hamlet in Canada
Buck Lake (Alberta), a lake in Alberta, Canada
Buck Lake 133C, an Indian reserve in Alberta, Canada
Buck Lake (Ontario), a lake in Ontario, Canada

See also
Bucks Lake
Passage 10:
Howard Lake (central Mendocino County)
Howard Lake is a lake in the U S  state of California  The elevation of the lake is 2992 feet 



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