prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film whose director was born first, Solemn Promise or Tarzan The Magnificent?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
The Magnificent Dope
The Magnificent Dope is a 1942 American comedy film released by 20th Century Fox  It is also known as Lazy Galahad, Strictly Dynamite and The Magnificent Jerk 

Plot
Dwight Dawson runs a hype-driven self-improvement course in the Dale Carnegie mode  He and his partner Horace Hunter are seeking new sales ideas as enrollment has declined sharply  Their chief of marketing, Claire Harris, who is also Dwight's fiancée, comes up with an idea to announce a contest seeking the biggest loser in the country  The prize is $500 and Dwight's course in career advancement  The idea is that the contest will create interest to Dwight's teaching system 
A winner is chosen: Thadeus Winship Page from the small town of Upper White Eddy in Vermont  He is running a not overly successful business of renting out boats during summer time and is, by his own description, lazy and completely unmotivated 
Tad comes to New York City to collect his prize, determined to use the money toward a fire engine needed by the small town  The publicity stunt is jeopardized, though, when happy, contented Tad does not want to take the course  Tad is charmed by Claire during a night out in the city and falls in love with her, all the while expounding his own philosophies on relaxation, enjoying life, and the unimportance of money  After the night out, Tad reluctantly agrees to take the course, just to be close to Claire 
Claire comes to realizes that he is not the failure they had thought him to be  After a while, Tad shyly admits to Claire that he is in love, but he doesn't dare tell her she is the subject of his affection, inventing a girl from his hometown named "Hazel" 
When Dwight hears about this, he tells Tad that the business course will help him in his quest to win his girl  Tad believes Dwight and continues the course until he hears that Claire is in love with someone else  Dwight and Horace have to persuade him once again to stay, telling Tad that the man Claire is in love with is an ugly, fat, and stupid man who can be out-conquered, carefully concealing his own engagement to Claire 
The publicity makes the course a success and attendance becomes much higher  Dwight convinces Tad to get a job to prove his success to the various magazines covering the course progress, so he does  He is hired as an insurance salesman, but is soon discouraged when he is unsuccessful  Dwight secretly helps out by making his friend buy an insurance policy from Tad, unaware that his friend, Frank Mitchell, has high blood pressure and would not pass the required physical  Tad commits his anticipated commission to the purchase of the fire engine, and takes Claire to see it  They bond further over Claire's passion for fire engines; she was a fire chief's niece 
When Tad finally reveals to Claire that she is his "Hazel", she reveals her engagement to Dwight  Heartbroken and humiliated, Tad feels he has been played for a fool by the couple 
The next day, after dodging Claire's many phone calls, Tad uses a special relaxation technique on Frank to help him pass the necessary physical, then proceeds to Dwight's office to vent his anger   Instead, he joins the rest of the office in overhearing a furious Claire in Dwight's office scolding him for the ruse and confessing her love for Tad  When Claire exits the building she finds Tad waiting in the new fire engine   With the siren blaring, they drive off to Vermont together as a couple  Dwight moves on to teach relaxation, using the technique Tad showed him 

Cast
Henry Fonda as Thadeus Winship "Tad" Page
Lynn Bari as Claire Harris
Don Ameche as Dwight Dawson
Edward Everett Horton as Horace Hunter
George Barbier as James Roger Barker
Frank Orth as Messenger
Roseanne Murray as Dawson's Secretary
Marietta Canty as Jennie
Hobart Cavanaugh as Albert Gowdy
Hal K  Dawson as Charlie
Josephine Whittell as Mrs  Hunter
Arthur Loft as Mr  Morton, Fire Engine Salesman
Paul Stanton as Peters
Claire Du Brey as Peter's Secretary
William B  Davidson as Mr  J  D  Reindel
Harry Hayden as Frank Mitchel
Pierre Watkin as Bill Carson
Passage 2:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 3:
Ringo-en no shōjo
Ringo-en no shōjo (リンゴ園の少女, Ringo-en no shōjo, lit  "Girl of Apple Park") is a 1952 black and white Japanese film directed by Koji Shima The art director was Tomoo Shimogawara 

Cast
Hibari Misora as Marumi
Akihiko Katayama
Kokuten Kōdō
Yōko Kosono as Yoko Kozono
Koji Mitsui
Hideaki Miura
Bontarō Miyake as Bontaro Miake
Zeko Nakamura as Zekō Nakamura
Takeshi Sakamoto
Isao Yamagata
So Yamamura

See also
List of films in the public domain in the United States
Passage 4:
Solemn Promise
Solemn Promise (Serbian: Беса, romanized: Besa) is a 2009 Serbian drama film directed by Srđan Karanović  The film was selected as the Serbian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards but it did not make the final shortlist 

Plot
The film portrays the drama between Azem, an Albanian man, and Lea, a Slovenian woman married to Filip, a Serb  The events happen when the young couple moves to a place in southern Serbia at the outbreak of World War I, when Filip receives the invitation to join the military ranks  He leaves his young attractive wife in the custody of the middle-aged Albanian  The film speaks about love, the sacred Albanian promise ‘Besa’, as well as the cultural, ethnic, and language barriers in the Balkans  The film shows how the sacred given word can be stronger than love and temptation 

Cast
Miki Manojlović as Azem
Iva Krajnc as Lea
Nebojša Dugalić as Filip
Radivoje Bukvić as Lieutenant Jevrem
Ana Kostovska as School teacher
Radivoj Knežević
Jovo Makšić as Mane
Nikola Krneta as Soldier
Slobodan Filipović as Gendarme

See also
List of submissions to the 83rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Serbian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
Passage 5:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 
Passage 6:
John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)
John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957 

Surrey cricketer
McMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29  In the first innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs In his first full season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in the space of 6 3 overs for seven runs  This would remain the best bowling performance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later  In the following game, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth  In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28 07  As a tail-end left-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4 22 The emergence of Tony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career  Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets  In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times  In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's County Championship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12 38 runs apiece, while McMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21 53  At the end of the 1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of the County Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries 

Somerset cricketer
Somerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with support from the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service  McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement of Horace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed to realise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly 
McMahon instantly became a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, not missing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957, after which he did not play in the Championship again In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellow newcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spin bowlers, McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the rest of the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their own batsmen," it said  McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27 47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higher average)  His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the first innings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of his career  He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of the table 
The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28 77 apiece  There was a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the batting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9 03  This included his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome  A week later in Somerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46 runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clever variation of flight and spin"  These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955 season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourth season running At the end of the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956 season, with Langford returning from National Service as the main support  McMahon responded with his most successful season so far, taking 103 wickets at an average of 25 57, the only season in his career in which he exceeded 100 wickets  The bowling average improved still further in 1957 to 23 10 when McMahon took 86 wickets  But his season came to an abrupt end in mid-August 1957 when, after 108 consecutive Championship matches, he was dropped from the first team during the Weston-super-Mare festival  Though he played some games for the second eleven later in August, he regained his place in the first team for only a single end-of-season friendly match, and he was told that his services were not required for the future, a decision, said Wisden, that "proved highly controversial" 

Sacked by Somerset
The reason behind McMahon's sacking did not become public knowledge for many years  In its obituary of him in 2002, McMahon was described by Wisden as "a man who embraced the antipodean virtues of candour and conviviality"  It went on: "Legend tells of a night at the Flying Horse Inn in Nottingham when he beheaded the gladioli with an ornamental sword, crying: 'When Mac drinks, everybody drinks!'" The obituary recounts a further escapade in second eleven match at Midsomer Norton where a curfew imposed on the team was circumvented by "a POW-type loop" organised by McMahon, "with his team-mates escaping through a ground-storey window and then presenting themselves again"  As the only Somerset second eleven match that McMahon played in at Midsomer Norton was right at the end of the 1957 season, this may have been the final straw  But in any case there had been "an embarrassing episode at Swansea's Grand Hotel" earlier in the season, also involving Jim Hilton, who was also dismissed at the end of the season  Team-mates and club members petitioned for McMahon to be reinstated, but the county club was not to be moved 
After a period in Lancashire League cricket with Milnrow Cricket Club, McMahon moved back to London where he did office work, later contributing some articles to cricket magazines 


== Notes and references ==
Passage 7:
Henry Moore (cricketer)
Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand 

Life and family
Henry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849  He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch  One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted  Their great 
grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805  One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch  He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son  In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 
Passage 8:
Robert Day (director)
Robert Frederick Day (11 September 1922 – 17 March 2017) was an English film director  He directed more than 40 films between 1956 and 1991 

Biography
Day was born in Sheen, England  He worked his way up from clapper boy to camera operator then cinematographer while in his native country, and began directing in the mid-1950s  His first film as director, the black comedy The Green Man (1956) for the writer-producer team of Frank Launder and Sidney Gilliat, gained good reviews  Using this as a starting point, Day went on to become one of the industry's busiest directors including directing several Tarzan films 
He relocated to Hollywood in the 1960s and directed many TV episodes and made-for-TV movies  He occasionally had small parts in his own productions, including The Haunted Strangler (1958), Two-Way Stretch (1960), and the TV mini-series Peter and Paul (1981) 
In the 1970s and 1980s, Day would direct episodes of numerous American television shows, including Barnaby Jones, The F B I , Dallas, Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, and Matlock 

Personal life
Day was married to Eileen Day and then, following their divorce, to actress Dorothy Provine until her death in 2010  He was the brother of cinematographer Ernest Day 
Day died at the age of 94 on Bainbridge Island near Seattle on 17 March 2017 

Selected filmography
Passage 9:
Tarzan the Magnificent
Tarzan the Magnificent is a 1960 British Eastmancolor film, the follow-up to Tarzan's Greatest Adventure (1959)  Its plot bears no relation to that of the 1939 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name  The film was directed by Robert Day and produced by Sy Weintraub and Harvey Hayutin  Gordon Scott made his last appearance as Tarzan in the film, while Jock Mahoney appeared as villain Coy Banton  Mahoney would take over the Tarzan role himself beginning in the next film, Tarzan Goes to India, in 1962  The motion picture does not include Jane 

Plot
The Bantons (father, Abel and four sons, Coy, Ethan, Johnny and Martin) rob a pay office in a settlement, killing some people  Coy Banton is tracked down to their camp and taken away by a policeman, Wyntors  Taking him back to town, Wyntors is killed as two of the brothers seek to rescue Coy  Tarzan appears and kills Ethan Banton  The other brother escapes  Tarzan decides to take Coy to Kairobi for the $5000 reward so he can give it to Wyntors' widow  However, no one in the town of Mantu (same town as the one at the beginning of Tarzan's Greatest Adventure) wants to help him  The boat he is waiting for to take him and his prisoner to Kairobi is ambushed by the Bantons, who send the passengers off and destroy the boat 
Later that night Tarzan meets with the people from the boat and decides on an overland trek to take Coy Banton to Kairobi and agrees to take along, at first, the boat's mate, Tate, then reluctantly agrees to take the passengers of the boat: A business man named Ames and his wife, Fay; another man named Conway and a young woman named Lori, who all share with Tarzan their own reasons for wanting to go to Kairobi  But Tarzan warns them the trek through the jungles would be hard and dangerous  The presence of so many people to watch out for hinders Tarzan  The Bantons threaten to kill anyone who helps Tarzan  Pausing only to shoot the doctor who has told them what they want to know, the Bantons set out after the party and Coy 
Ames is a boastful and racist windbag whose wife begins to detest him  Seeing this, Coy plays up to her, hoping he might be able to use her later  The party are captured by natives and the leader wants to kill Coy, who killed his brother when the Bantons raided their village  However, the chief's wife is having a difficult childbirth labour, and since Conway (who was a doctor) is able to help her have her baby (a breach birth), the chief agrees to let the party go 
Coy sees his chance and escapes  Thanks to Ames, Tate is shot and later dies  Tarzan again captures Coy and he hides them both in a quicksand pit as the other Bantons search for them  Later, Lori wanders off and is caught by Johnny Banton who attempts to have his way with her  As she screams, Tarzan comes to rescue her and, after a fight, Johnny dies from a shot in the face with his rifle while struggling with Tarzan and falls into a stream  Later, seeing his grave (along with Tate's), Martin Banton has had enough of a father who taught them to steal and murder by age sixteen, and leaves him 
Coy's wiles have paid off and Fay Ames releases him while the others sleep, and they leave camp together  Tarzan goes after them and finds Fay's scarf  Coy left her behind when she was out of breath and a lioness found her  Tarzan eventually comes on Coy and Abel Banton, and in a roving battle, a ricochet from Coy's rifle kills Abel  A prolonged battle on rocks, on sand and underwater follows before Tarzan finally knocks Coy out  The film ends with Tarzan and the remaining three people (Ames, Lori, and Conway) handing Coy over to the Kairobi police on the border and instructs Conway to make sure Wyntor's widow gets the reward money 

Cast
Gordon Scott as Tarzan
Jock Mahoney as Coy Banton
Betta St  John as Fay Ames
John Carradine as Abel Banton
Lionel Jeffries as Ames
Alexandra Stewart as Lori
Earl Cameron as Tate
Charles Tingwell as Conway
Al Mulock as Martin Banton
Gary Cockrell as Johnny Banton
Ron McDonnell as Ethan Banton
Harry Baird as Warrior Leader
Christopher Carlos as Native Chief
John Sullivan as Inspector Wyntors
Ewen Solon as Dexter
Jacqueline Evans as Mrs Dexter
Thomas Duggan as Frye
Peter Howell as Dr Blake
John Harrison as N'Como
George Taylor as Captain Hayes

Production
Filming started 25 January 1960 in Africa 

See also
List of American films of 1960
Passage 10:
Srđan Karanović
Srđan Karanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Срђан Карановић, pronounced [ˌsř̩d͜ʑan kaˈrǎːnoʋit͜ɕ], born 17 November 1945) is a Serbian film director and screenwriter  He has directed 17 films since 1968  His film Miris poljskog cveća won the FIPRESCI prize at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, Nešto između was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival  A Film with No Name (Za Sada Bez Dobrog Naslova) won the Golden Tulip Award at the Istanbul International Film Festival in 1989 
His 2009 film Besa was selected as the Serbian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist  In 2017, Srđan Karanović has signed the Declaration on the Common Language of the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins 

Selected filmography
See also
Praška filmska škola
Context 2: Passage 1:
Nusrat Bhutto
Begum Nusrat Bhutto (née: Nusrat Ispahani; Persian: ‌نصرت بوتو; Sindhi: نصرت ڀٽو; Urdu: نُصرت بُھٹّو; 23 March 1929 – 23 October 2011) was an Iranian-born Pakistani public figure of Kurdish origin, who served as the First Lady of Pakistan between 1971 until the 1977 coup, and as a senior member of the federal cabinet between 1988 and 1990 
She was born in Isfahan to a wealthy merchant family of Kurdish heritage and her family had settled in Bombay before moving to Karachi after the Partition of British India  Ispahani joined a paramilitary women's force in 1950, but left a year later when she married Zulfikar Ali Bhutto  She moved to Oxfordshire with her husband who then was pursuing his legal education  She returned to Pakistan alongside Bhutto who went on to serve as the Foreign Minister  After her husband founded the Pakistan Peoples Party, Ispahani worked to lead the party's women's wing  After Bhutto was elected as the Prime Minister in 1971, Ispahani became the First Lady of Pakistan and remained so until her husband's removal in 1977  Her daughter, Benazir Bhutto immediately succeeded her husband as the leader of the Pakistan Peoples party and, while under house arrest, fought an unsuccessful legal battle to prevent her husband's execution  After Bhutto's execution, Ispahani, along with her children, went into exile to London, from where in 1981 she co-founded the Movement for the Restoration of Democracy, a nonviolent opposition to Zia's regime Ispahani returned to Pakistan after her daughter Benazir made a comeback in 1986  After the People's Party's victory in 1988, she joined Benazir's cabinet as a minister without portfolio while representing Larkana District in the National Assembly  She remained in the cabinet until Benazir's government was dismissed in 1990  Afterwards, during a family dispute between her son, Murtaza, and her daughter, Benazir, Ispahani favored Murtaza leading Benazir to sack Ispahani as the party leader  Ispahani stopped talking to the media and refrained from political engagements after the assassination of her son Murtaza in 1996 during a police encounter, during her daughter's second government Ispahani moved to Dubai in 1996, suffering from Alzheimer's disease, she was kept out of public's eye by Benazir until her demise on 23 October 2011  In Pakistan, Ispahani is remembered for her contribution to empowerment of women in Pakistan and for advocating for democracy in Pakistan, for which she is dubbed as "Mādar-e-Jamhooriat" (English "Mother of Democracy"), a title she was honored with by the parliament following her death 

Early life, background and political career
Nusrat Ispahani was born on 23 March 1929 in Isfahan, Persia (now Iran)  Her father was a wealthy businessman who came from the wealthy Hariri family of merchants in Isfahan and was of partial Kurdish descent via his mother who came from Kurdistan Province  Shortly after her birth, the family later moved to British India, where they initially lived in Bombay and then moved to Karachi before the independence of Pakistan and the Partition of India in 1947  She grew up with Iranian traditions at her home but adapted to Indian Muslim culture outside  Before emigrating to Pakistan, Nusrat attended and was educated at the University of Karachi where she obtained a Bachelor of Arts (B A ) in Humanities in 1950 
As first lady from 1973 to 1977, Nusrat Bhutto functioned as a political worker and accompanied her husband on a number of overseas visits  In 1979, after the trial and execution of her husband, she succeeded her husband as leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party as chairman for life  She led the PPP's campaign against General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's regime  Alongside her daughter Benazir Bhutto, she was arrested numerous times and placed under house arrest and in prison in Sihala  Nusrat Bhutto was attacked by police with batons while attending a cricket match at Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore, when the crowd began to raise pro Bhutto slogans  In 1982, ill with cancer, she was given permission to leave the country by the military government of General Zia-ul-Haq for medical treatment in London at which point her daughter, Benazir Bhutto, became acting leader of the party, and, by 1984, the party chairman After returning to Pakistan in the late 1980s, she served two terms as a Member of Parliament to the National Assembly from the family constituency of Larkana, Sindh  During the administrations of her daughter Benazir, she became a cabinet minister and Deputy Prime Minister  In the 1990s, she and Benazir became estranged when Nusrat took the side of her son Murtaza during a family dispute but were later reconciled after Murtaza's murder  She lived the last few years of her life with her daughter's family in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and later suffered from the combined effects of a stroke and Alzheimer's disease 

Personal life, illness and death
Nusrat met Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in Karachi where they later got married on 8 September 1951  She was Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's second wife, and they had four children together: Benazir, Murtaza, Sanam and Shahnawaz  With the exception of Sanam, she outlived her children  Benazir's widower and Nusrat's son-in-law Asif Ali Zardari was the President of Pakistan from 9 September 2008 till 8 September 2013 Besides her native Persian, Bhutto was fluent in Urdu and Sindhi Bhutto was suspected of suffering from cancer in 1982, the year when she left Pakistan for medical treatment  For the last several years of her life, she had also been suffering from Alzheimer's disease  In the mid-1990s, particularly after the death of her son Mir Murtaza Bhutto in 1996, she withdrew from public life  Party sources suggest this may also have coincided with the time that she began to show symptoms of Alzheimer's  According to her senior party leader, Bhutto's disease was so advanced that she was even unaware of the assassination of her daughter, Benazir  She used a ventilator until her last days  She died at the age of 82 in the Iranian Hospital Dubai on 23 October 2011  Her body was flown to her hometown of Garhi Khuda Bakhsh in the Larkana District the next day, and was buried next to her husband and children in the Bhutto family mausoleum at a ceremony attended by thousands of mourners 

Further reading
Chandran, Ramesh (15 January 1983)  "I am afraid and fearing for Pakistan's future: Nusrat Bhutto"  India Today 
Hussain, Zahid (31 January 1994)  "Battle between Benazir Bhutto and her mother paralyses PPP Government"  India Today 

See also
Bhutto family
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University
Begum Nusrat Bhutto Airport
Nusrat Bhutto Colony
Passage 2:
Dance of Death (disambiguation)
Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, is a late-medieval allegory of the universality of death 
Dance of Death or The Dance of Death may also refer to:

Books
Dance of Death, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloy
Dance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R  L  Stine
Dance of Death (novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child

Theatre and film
The Dance of Death (Strindberg play), a 1900 play by August Strindberg
The Dance of Death, a 1908 play by Frank Wedekind
The Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W  H  Auden

Film
The Death Dance, a 1918 drama starring Alice Brady
The Dance of Death (1912 film), a German silent film
The Dance of Death (1919 film), an Austrian silent film
The Dance of Death (1938 film), crime drama starring Vesta Victoria; screenplay by Ralph Dawson
The Dance of Death (1948 film), French-Italian drama based on Strindberg's play, starring Erich von Stroheim
The Dance of Death (1967 film), a West German drama film
Dance of Death or House of Evil, 1968 Mexican horror film starring Boris Karloff
Dance of Death (1969 film), a film based on Strindberg's play, starring Laurence Olivier
Dance of Death (1979 film), a Hong Kong film featuring Paul Chun

Music
Dance of Death (album), a 2003 album by Iron Maiden, or the title song
The Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites, a 1964 album by John Fahey
The Dance of Death (Scaramanga Six album)
"Death Dance", a 2016 song by Sevendust

See also
Dance of the Dead (disambiguation)
Danse Macabre (disambiguation)
Bon Odori, a Japanese traditional dance welcoming the spirits of the dead
La danse des morts, an oratorio by Arthur Honegger
Totentanz (disambiguation)
Passage 3:
Where Was I
"Where Was I?" may refer to:

Books
"Where Was I?", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's I
Where Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006
Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009

Film and TV
Where Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A  Seiter  With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran 
Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim Rose
Where Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos
"Where Was I?" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980

Music
"Where was I", song by W  Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939
"Where Was I", single from Charley Pride discography 1988
"Where Was I" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton
"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)
"Where Was I?", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)
"Where Was I", song by Sawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002
"Where Was I?", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999
"Where Was I", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)
"Where Was I", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)
Passage 4:
Ghinwa Bhutto
Ghinwa Bhutto (Urdu: غنویٰ بھٹو, Sindhi: غنوا ڀٽو, Arabic: غنوة بوتو; born Ghinwa Itaoui) is a Lebanese-Pakistani politician and the chairperson of Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)  She is the widow of Murtaza Bhutto, and the daughter-in-law and sister-in-law of the former Prime Ministers of Pakistan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Benazir Bhutto, respectively 

Background
Murtaza Bhutto and his daughter Fatima spent time in exile in Syria, where Murtaza first met Ghinwa  Ghinwa had fled from the Lebanese Civil War back home and migrated to Syria, where she used to give ballet classes in the basement of a church  Fatima was one of her students  Murtaza and Ghinwa would later marry in 1989, and had a son Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Jr in 1990 Ghinwa has been estranged from the powerful Bhutto family ever since she accused her sister-in-law Benazir Bhutto and her husband Asif Ali Zardari of conspiracy to the 1996 murder of her husband, and also accused Benazir and Zardari of corruption  Zardari was arrested as a suspect in the murder of Murtaza, but he was later released due to lack of evidence  Her husband's murderers were never brought to justice 

Politics
In 1997, Ghinwa staked a claim to the Bhutto political legacy  She formed the Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto) (PPP-SB), becoming the chairperson of the party, and ran for election from Larkana on 3 February 1997  Benazir convinced her mother Nusrat Bhutto, then president of the Pakistan Peoples Party, to run against her  Though her opponent suffered from Alzheimer's disease, Ghinwa was defeated Ghinwa lives in the Bhutto family home in Karachi with her son Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Jr (named after his grandfather Zulfikar Ali Bhutto) and her step-daughter Fatima Bhutto  Prior to marrying Murtaza, Ghinwa worked as a ballet dancer and teacher In 2002, Pakistani election authorities rejected her candidacy for the October 10 election  Ghinwa was rejected on the grounds of not possessing the required minimum academic qualification of a university degree  In August 2007, Ghinwa Bhutto passed the BA exams from Punjab University in the First Division with 526 marks  Ghinwa, roll # 86604, appeared as a private candidate  To be eligible to contest elections, Ghinwa chose to take the Punjab University BA exam because the results were to be declared by the end of August, before the elections After the first suicide attack following Benazir's return to Pakistan in October 2007, Ghinwa remarked: "I think she has invited trouble herself " However, when Benazir was assassinated on December 27, 2007 Ghinwa put their differences aside  She attended the funeral with her step-daughter, Fatima Bhutto 

See also
Bhutto family
Politics of Pakistan
Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)
Passage 5:
Place of birth
The place of birth (POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born  This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person  Practice regarding whether this place should be a country, a territory or a city/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is used for native-born citizen passports and countries for foreign-born ones 
As a general rule with respect to passports, if the place of birth is to be a country, it's determined to be the country that currently has sovereignty over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred  The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live  If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth
Context 3: Passage 1:
Henry, Lord Paulet
Lord Henry Paulet (1602–1672) was an English courtier who sat briefly in the House of Commons in the 2nd Parliament of Charles I, from February to June 1626  
Paulet was a son of William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester  On 6 March 1618, he was admitted to Peterhouse, Cambridge  He was created Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of Charles I and was of Amport, Hampshire  In 1626, he was elected as one of the two members of parliament for Andover Paulet married Lucy Philpot, a daughter of Sir George Philpot  Their son Francis was the grandfather of the twelfth Marquess of Winchester 
Passage 2:
Lewis Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Huntly
Lewis Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Huntly (c  1626–1653) was a Scottish nobleman 
He was the third son of George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly 

Biography
Born when his father was commander of the Garde Écossaise, he was named after Louis XIII of France, and brought up until the age of ten by his grandfather, George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly  From an early age, he showed himself to be a reckless romantic – while still a child, he stole some jewels and attempted to take ship to Holland, presumably to join the army  When he was thirteen, the First Bishops' War broke out, and the young nobleman sneaked out of Gordon Castle (one account says he climbed over the wall) and hurried to the Highlands, where he raised a brigade of clansmen from his father's estates to fight the Covenanters  His first experience of war was at Megray Hill, where his Highlanders scattered in the face of enemy cannon fire 
Following the peace, Lord Lewis travelled to France, where he enlisted as an ordinary pikeman in an infantry regiment, in order to learn his soldiering from the ground up  After three years, he traveled to England, working his way north by serving on both sides in the English Civil War, first in the royalist army and then in the Scottish Covenanter forces of his uncle, the Earl of Argyll, the same army he had fought against in 1639 
Eventually returning home, the sixteen-year-old nobleman seduced and married the fiancée of his absent elder brother, Viscount Aboyne  He served on both sides in the Scottish Civil War, playing an important role in his father's occupation of Aberdeen in 1646, where he engaged an enemy cavalry commander in single combat and then storming the town  Going into exile after the defeat of the royalists, he traveled again to France; in rapid succession, he succeeded his brother and father as Earl of Enzie and Marquess of Gordon, and by 1651, he was allowed to return to Scotland, even though he refused to conform to the Presbyterian Church of Scotland (he was probably a Roman Catholic) 
In 1645 Lord Lewis attacked Brodie Castle in Moray and setting it afire destroyed important archives and documents detailing the origins of the illustrious Clan Brodie  This despicable act secured Clan Brodie's place among the great mysteries of Scotland 
He died aged 26 or 27, leaving a young widow (whom he had apparently converted to Catholicism), three daughters, and a four-year-old son who would eventually become the 1st Duke of Gordon  Miles Gourdon, a cavalry commander in the French army known as the chevalier or count of "Crolis", was perhaps an illegitimate son, as he is said to have been a brother of the duke His reputation among historians has varied; he is the clearest hero in the Civil War narrative of his kinsman Patrick Gordon of Ruthven, while John Buchan regarded him as wild and headstrong to the point of insanity 
Passage 3:
Christopher Lambert (MP)
Christopher Lambert, of Winchester, Hampshire, was an English politician 
He was the second son of William Lambert of Winchester and a servant of Sir William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester 
Lambert was a Member of Parliament for Bridport in 1593 
Passage 4:
William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester
William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester  (c  1532 – 24 November 1598) was an English nobleman, the son of John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester and his first wife, Elizabeth Willoughby  His maternal grandfather was Robert Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke 
He was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Mary I on 30 November 1553 

Career
The offices he held during his career included:
Justice of the Peace, Hampshire from c 1559
Sheriff of Hampshire 1560–61
Justice of the Peace, Dorset from 1564
Commissioner for the Musters, Dorset 1569
High Steward, Dorchester by 1570
Joint Lord Lieutenant of Dorset 1569 and 1585/6-98
Member of Parliament for Dorset 1571
Joint Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1585
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1585–86
Lord High Steward for the funeral of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1 August 1587
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1596
Commissioner for Ecclesiastical Causes, Diocese of Winchester 1597Paulet was summoned to Parliament on 5 May 1572 in his father's Barony of St John  He succeeded his father as 3rd Marquess of Winchester on 4 November 1576  During October 1586, he was one of the judges at the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, later acting as Lord High Steward at her funeral on 1 August 1587 
He is known as the author of The Lord Marquess Idleness, a remarkable and most ingenious acrostic of six Latin verses  It was published in 1586 and 1587 

Marriage and issue
Between 20 June 1544 and 10 February 1547/1548 he married Anne or Agnes Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham and his first wife, Katherine Broughton and had issue:
William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester, died 4 February 1629, married Lucy Cecil, daughter of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter
Anne Paulet, born 1552, married Sir Thomas Denys (modern spelling: Dennis), of Holcombe Burnell, Devon; grandparents of the prodigy Denys Rolle
Katherine Paulet, married Sir Giles Wroughton
Elizabeth Paulet, married Sir Edward HobyThe marriage was not a happy one, and the couple were only reconciled, on one occasion, by Elizabeth I's intervention Paulet also had children with his recognised mistress Jane Lambert, who later married the much younger Sir Gerrard Fleetwood:
Sir William Paulet, died 1628, lawyer, London, later of Edington, Wiltshire  High Sheriff of Wiltshire 1613, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Seymour
Sir John Paulet, lawyer, Winchester, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Stump
Sir Hercules Paulet, born 1574, married Bridgett, daughter of Sir Henry Gifford
Hector Paulet, born 1578, married Joan Butler
Susan or Susanna Paulet, married firstly Thomas Kirkby and secondly Launcelott Warnfford

Death
He died on 24 November 1598 and was buried at Basing, Hampshire  His widow, Anne Paulet, died on 18 November 1601  The date of Jane Lambert's death is not recorded 
Passage 5:
William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester
William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester  (bef  1560 – 4 February 1629) was an English nobleman, the son of William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester and Anne or Agnes Howard  He was styled Lord St  John from 1576 to 1598  He was summoned to Parliament on 16 January 1581 in his father's barony as Lord St  John  On 24 November 1598, he succeeded his father as 4th Marquess of Winchester  Paulet experienced great financial difficulties arising from his magnificent style of living and his lavish entertainment of Elizabeth I at Basing House 

Marriage and issue
On 28 February 1587 at St Martin-in-the-Fields, he married Lady Lucy Cecil, daughter of Sir Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter and his first wife, Dorothy Neville  Lucy and William had six children:
William Paulet, Lord St John (1587/8–1621), married Mary Browne, daughter of Anthony-Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montagu
Thomas Paulet, died before 1621
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester (c 1598–5 March 1675) married three times:
Jane Savage, daughter of Thomas Savage, 1st Viscount Savage
Honora de Burgh, daughter of Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde
Isabel Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford and Mary Stafford
Lord Henry Paulet, of Amport, married Lucy Philpot, daughter of Sir George Philpot of Thruxton
Charles Paulet, died c 1654, had issue
Edward PauletHis wife, Lucy, was treated for cancer in 1614 by the court physician Théodore de Mayerne  She died 1 October 1614 and was buried a month later in the Cecil vault in Westminster Abbey 

Death
William Paulet died at Hackwood, near Basingstoke, on 4 February 1629, and was buried at Basing, Hampshire 

Footnotes
Sources
External links
William Paulet, Marquess of Winchester Family tree
History of Basing House
Passage 6:
Archibald Kennedy, 3rd Marquess of Ailsa
Archibald Kennedy, 3rd Marquess of Ailsa (1 September 1847 – 9 April 1938) was a Scottish peer 

Early life
Archibald was born on 1 September 1847, the eldest of three sons born to Julia (née Jephson), Marchioness of Ailsa, and Archibald Kennedy, 2nd Marquess of Ailsa  Among his siblings was Maj Lord Alexander Kennedy, Lord John Kennedy, Lady Julia Alice Kennedy, Lady Evelyn Anne Kennedy, and Lady Constance Eleanor Kennedy His father was the eldest son of Archibald Kennedy, Earl of Cassilis, himself the oldest son of Archibald Kennedy, 1st Marquess of Ailsa   His mother was the second daughter of Sir Richard Jephson, 1st Baronet and the former Charlotte Rochfort Smith 

Career
As a young man, he served as an officer in the Coldstream Guards  In 1885, he founded the Ailsa Shipbuilding Company, which was based in Troon and Ayr, Ayrshire 

Peerage
Upon the death of his father on 20 March 1870, he succeeded to the titles of 14th Earl of Cassilis, 16th Lord Kennedy, 3rd Marquess of Ailsa and 3rd Baron Ailsa  Along with the title came 76,000 acres in Ayrshire



ground_truth: Tarzan The Magnificent

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the place of death of Shahnawaz Bhutto's mother?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth 
Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents  For example, Sweden has used the concept of födelsehemort ("domicile of birth") since 1947  This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth  The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant 
Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of place of origin  A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin  A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent  In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth  In Japan, the registered domicile is a similar concept 
In some countries (primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase jus soli  Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality(-ies) of the baby's parents (referred to as jus sanguinis) 
There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise  The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality(-ies) of the parents and/or the location of the plane or ship (if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country) 
Some administrative forms may request the applicant's "country of birth"  It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's "place of birth" or "nationality at birth"  For example, US citizens born abroad who acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA (American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place 

Reference list
8 FAM 403 4 Place of Birth
Passage 6:
Beaulieu-sur-Loire
Beaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: ​[boljø syʁ lwaʁ], literally Beaulieu on Loire) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France  It is the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars 

Population
See also
Communes of the Loiret department
Passage 7:
Sennedjem
Sennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns of Seti I and Ramesses II  He lived in Set Maat (translated as "The Place of Truth"), contemporary Deir el-Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes  Sennedjem had the title "Servant in the Place of Truth"  He was buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the village necropolis  His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886  When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniture from his home, including a stool and a bed, which he used when he was alive His titles included Servant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royal tombs 

See also

TT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family and wife)
Passage 8:
Place of origin
In Switzerland, the place of origin (German: Heimatort or Bürgerort, literally "home place" or "citizen place"; French: Lieu d'origine; Italian: Luogo di attinenza) denotes where a Swiss citizen has their municipal citizenship, usually inherited from previous generations  It is not to be confused with the place of birth or  place of residence, although two or all three of these locations may be identical depending on the person's circumstances 

Acquisition of municipal citizenship
Swiss citizenship has three tiers  For a person applying to naturalise as a Swiss citizen, these tiers are as follows:

Municipal citizenship, granted by the place of residence after fulfilling several preconditions, such as sufficient knowledge of the local language, integration into local society, and a minimum number of years lived in said municipality 
Cantonal (state) citizenship, for which a Swiss municipal citizenship is required  This requires a certain number of years lived in said canton 
Country citizenship, for which both of the above are required, also requires a certain number of years lived in Switzerland (except for people married to a Swiss citizen, who may obtain simplified naturalisation without having to reside in Switzerland), and involves a criminal background check The last two kinds of citizenship are a mere formality, while municipal citizenship is the most significant step in becoming a Swiss citizen  
Nowadays the place of residence determines the municipality where citizenship is acquired, for a new applicant, whereas previously there was a historical reason for preserving the municipal citizenship from earlier generations in the family line, namely to specify which municipality held the responsibility of providing social welfare  The law has now been changed, eliminating this form of allocating responsibility to a municipality other than that of the place of residence  Care needs to be taken when translating the term in Swiss documents which list the historical "Heimatort" instead of the usual place of birth and place of residence 
However, any Swiss citizen can apply for a second, a third or even more municipal citizenships for prestige reasons or to show their connection to the place they currently live – and thus have several places of origin  As the legal significance of the place of origin has waned (see below), Swiss citizens can often apply for municipal citizenship for no more than 100 Swiss francs after having lived in the same municipality for one or two years  In the past, it was common to have to pay between 2,000 and 4,000 Swiss francs as a citizenship fee, because of the financial obligations incumbent on the municipality to grant the citizenship 
A child born to two Swiss parents is automatically granted the citizenship of the parent whose last name they hold, so the child gets either the mother's or the father's place of origin  A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the citizenship, and thus the place of origin, of the Swiss parent 

International confusion
Almost uniquely in the world (with the exception of Japan, which lists one's Registered Domicile; and Sweden, which lists the mother's place of domicile as place of birth), the Swiss identity card, passport and driving licence do not show the holder's birthplace, but only their place of origin  The vast majority of countries show the holder's actual birthplace on identity documents  This can lead to administrative issues for Swiss citizens abroad when asked to demonstrate their actual place of birth, as no such information exists on any official Swiss identification documents  Only a minority of Swiss citizens have a place of origin identical to their birthplace  More confusion comes into play through the fact that people can have more than one place of origin 

Significance and history
A citizen of a municipality does not enjoy a larger set of rights than a non-citizen of the same municipality  To vote in communal, cantonal or national matters, only the current place of residence matters – or in the case of citizens abroad, the last Swiss place of residence 
The law previously required that a citizen's place of origin continued to bear all their social welfare costs for two years after the citizen moved away  In 2012, the National Council voted by 151 to 9 votes to abolish this law  The place of domicile is now the sole payer of welfare costs In 1923, 1937, 1959 and 1967, more cantons signed treaties that assured that the place of domicile had to pay welfare costs instead of the place of origin, reflecting the fact that fewer and fewer people lived in their place of origin (1860: 59%, in 1910: 34%) In 1681, the Tagsatzung – the then Swiss parliament – decided that beggars should be deported to their place of origin, especially if they were insufficiently cared for by their residential community In the 19th century, Swiss municipalities even offered free emigration to the United States if the Swiss citizen agreed to renounce municipal citizenship, and with that the right to receive welfare 

See also
Ancestral home (Chinese)
Bon-gwan
Registered domicile


== Notes and references ==
Passage 9:
Shahnawaz Bhutto
Shahnawaz Bhutto (November 21, 1958 – July 18, 1985; Sindhi: شاھنواز ڀٽو) was the son of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the former President and Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1971 to 1977 and Begum Nusrat Bhutto, who was of Kurdish descent  Shahnawaz Bhutto was the youngest of Bhutto's four children, including the former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto  Shahnawaz was schooled in Pakistan (at the Aitchison College in Lahore and Rawalpindi American School - renamed the International School of Islamabad (ISOI) in 1979, after the school was stormed during the uprising), where he graduated in 1976 and later travelled abroad to complete his higher education 
Shahnawaz was studying in Switzerland when Zia ul Haq's military regime executed his father in 1979  Prior to the execution, Shahnawaz and his elder brother Murtaza Bhutto had embarked on an international campaign to save their father's life, but it was to no avail  The two brothers continued to resist the military abrogation of the 1973 constitution in exile 
Shahnawaz and his brother Murtaza Bhutto, both married two Afghan sisters, Rehana and Fauzia  After the alleged involvement of Shahnawaz's wife Rehana in the murder of Shahnawaz, Murtaza Bhutto divorced his wife 
On  July 18, 1985, the 26-year-old Shahnawaz was found dead in Nice, France  He died under mysterious circumstances, and the Bhutto family firmly believed he was poisoned  No one was brought to trial for murder, but Shahnawaz's wife Rehana was considered a suspect by the French authorities and remained in their custody for some time  She was found not guilty and later allowed to travel, and went to the United States  Pakistani media, which was under Zia's control, attributed  death to drug and alcohol abuse 
Shahnawaz is believed to have helped organize a group dedicated to overthrowing the regime of President Mohammed Zia ul-Haq, through links to Al-Zulfiqar increasingly active in Pakistan at that time  The funeral of Shahnawaz turned into a defiant show of opposition to Zia's military rule  It was held in a Larkana sports stadium, attended by an estimated 25,000 people  He is buried at the Bhutto family mausoleum in Garhi Khuda Baksh in Sindh  Shahnawaz's daughter Sassi Bhutto lives with her mother in the United States 

Sources
Riaz, Bashir (18 July 2014)  "Remembering Shahnawaz Bhutto"  The International News  Pakistan 
Crossette, Barbara (25 September 1990)  "Bhutto's Hunted Brother Is Hoping to Return"  The New York Times 
Fathers, Michal (17 October 1993)  "The Bhutto inheritance"  The Independent  UK  Archived from the original on August 30, 2009 

External links
Chandran, Ramesh (August 15, 1985)  "Tragedy continues to stalk Bhutto clan with mysterious death of Shahnawaz in Cannes"  India Today 
Passage 10:
Motherland (disambiguation)
Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group 
Motherland may also refer to:

Music
"Motherland" (anthem), the national anthem of Mauritius
National Song (Montserrat), also called "Motherland"
Motherland (Natalie Merchant album), 2001
Motherland (Arsonists Get All the Girls album), 2011
Motherland (Daedalus album), 2011
"Motherland" (Crystal Kay song), 2004

Film and television
Motherland (1927 film), a 1927 British silent war film
Motherland (2010 film), a 2010 documentary film
Motherland (2015 film), a 2015 Turkish drama
Motherland (2022 film), a 2022 documentary film about the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Motherland (TV series), a 2016 British television series
Motherland: Fort Salem, a 2020 American science fiction drama series

Other uses
Motherland Party (disambiguation), the name of several political groups
Personifications of Russia, including a list of monuments called Motherland

See also
All pages with titles containing Motherland
Mother Country (disambiguation)
Context 3:  He held the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Ayrshire between 1919 and 1937 

Personal life
Lord Ailsa was twice married  His first marriage took place on 7 March 1871 to Hon  Evelyn Stuart, daughter of Charles Stuart, 12th Lord Blantyre and Lady Evelyn Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (herself a daughter of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland)  Together, they were the parents of five children:
Archibald Kennedy, 4th Marquess of Ailsa (1872–1943), who married Frances Stewart, daughter of Sir Mark MacTaggart-Stewart, 1st Baronet 
Charles Kennedy, 5th Marquess of Ailsa (1875–1956), who married Constance Clarke, widow of Sir John Baird 
Lady Evelyn Kennedy (1876–1886), who died young 
Lady Aline Kennedy (1877–1957), who married John Edward Browne, 5th Baron Kilmaine (1878–1946) in 1901 
Angus Kennedy, 6th Marquess of Ailsa (1882–1957), who married Gertrude Millicent Cooper He married secondly on 3 November 1891 to Isabella MacMaster, the only daughter of Hugh MacMaster, a market gardener of Kausani, India  Together, they had two more children:
Lt -Col  Lord Hugh Kennedy (1895–1970), who married Katharine Louisa Clare Atherton, daughter of Francis Henry Atherton 
Lady Marjory Kennedy (b  1898), who married Sir Laurence Pierce Brooke Merriam, MC Lord Ailsa died at his home, Culzean Castle, overlooking the Firth of Clyde where he was known as one of the foremost floriculturists, on 9 April 1938 

Sailing
He was a keen sailor, having studied navigation, and had William Fife build him Foxhound in 1870, Bloodhound in 1874 and Sleuthhound in 1881  He had his own shipyard at Culzean Castle, where he built the 5-ton Cocker 
Passage 7:
Richard Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester
Richard Charles Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester (born on 8 July 1905; died 5 March 1968) was the son of Charles Standish Paulet and Lillian Jane Charlotte Fosbery  He was the great-grandson of Lord Charles Paulet, a younger son of the 13th Marquess  He inherited the title from Henry Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester, in 1962  He died unmarried, and the title was passed to his cousin Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester 
Passage 8:
William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester
William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester  (c  1483/1485 – 10 March 1572), styled Lord St John between 1539 and 1550 and Earl of Wiltshire between 1550 and 1551, was an English Lord High Treasurer, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and statesman 

Family origins and early career in Hampshire
Paulet was the eldest son of Sir John Paulet (1460 – 5 January 1525) of Basing Castle in the parish of Old Basing, near Basingstoke in Hampshire, and of Nunney Castle in Somerset (inherited from the Delamere family in 1415), a cadet branch of Paulet of Hinton St George in Somerset  His mother Alice Paulet was his father's second cousin-once-removed the daughter of Sir William Paulet by his wife Elizabeth Denebaud  William had six siblings, including Sir George Paulet of Crondall Manor in Hampshire and Eleanor Paulet (born 1479), wife of William Giffard of Itchell Manor at Ewshot, also in Hampshire 
The family originated at the manor of Paulet (now Pawlett), near Bridgwater in Somerset  The senior branch of the Paulet/Powlet/Poulett family was seated at Hinton St George in Somerset, and had lived in that county since the early thirteenth century; the first Member of Parliament from that line represented Devon in 1385 There is some disagreement over his date of birth, with different authorities quoting 1483 or 1485  A claim that he was ninety-seven at his death would place his birth in 1474 or 1475  There is also uncertainty about where he was born, but it may have been at Fisherton Delamere in Wiltshire, one of his father's manors His father, who had held a command against the Cornish rebels in 1497, was the head of the branch seated at Paulet and Road, close to Bridgwater, being the son of John Paulet and Elizabeth Roos  William's great-grandfather John Paulet acquired the Hampshire estates by his marriage with Constance Poynings, granddaughter and coheiress of Thomas Poynings, 5th Baron St John of Basing; his barony became abeyant upon his death in 1428/1429 
William Paulet was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1512, 1519, 1523, and again in 1527  Knighted before the end of 1525, he was appointed Master of the King's Wards in November 1526 and appeared in the Privy Council in the same year 

Marriage and issue
He married Elizabeth (d  25 December 1558), daughter of Sir William Capel, Lord Mayor of London in 1503, and by her had four sons and four daughters:
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester
Thomas
Chidiock Paulet (also spelled Chidiok, Chediok, Chidieok, or Chidiock), governor of Southampton under Mary and Elizabeth
Giles
Alice, married Richard Stawell, of Cotherston, Somerset
Margaret, married Sir William Berkeley
Margery, married Sir Richard Waller, of Oldstoke, Hampshire
Eleanor (died 26 September 1558), married Sir Richard Pecksall (died 1571) of Beaurepaire, Hampshire, hereditary Master of the Buckhounds 

Career as a national statesman
During his long career Paulet held numerous offices, which included:
High Sheriff of Hampshire 1511–12, 1518–19 and 1522–23
Joint Master of the King's Wards 1526–34 and sole Master of the King's Wards 1534–40
Member of Parliament for Hampshire 1529–36
Comptroller of the Household 1532–37
Keeper of Pamber Forest 1535/6
Treasurer of the Household 1537–38/9
Master of the King's Woods 1541
Master of the Court of Wards 1540–42
Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries 1542–54
Privy Counsellor 1542
Lord Chamberlain of the Household 1543–45
Lord Steward of the Household 1545-1549/50
Chief Justice in Eyre, South of Trent 1545–49/50
Lord President of the Council 1546–49
Joint Governor of King Edward VI
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 1547
Keeper and Captain of St Andrew's Castle, Hamble 1547–71/2
Keeper of Alice Holt and Woolmer Forests 1548–71/2
Lord High Treasurer 1549/50–71/2
Lord High Steward for the trial of the Duke of Somerset 1551
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1552, 1553 and 1559
Lieutenant of the forces in London 1558
Speaker of the House of Lords 1558 and 1566
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Middlesex 1569
Joint Lord Lieutenant of London 1569Paulet's political career began in 1529, when he was elected knight of the shire for Hampshire  In 1532, he accompanied King Henry VIII to Calais, France, and the following spring, he accompanied the Duke of Norfolk to join King Francis I of France in a proposed audience with the Pope, to discuss Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon  In 1536, he was granted the keepership of Pamber Forest, and on 9 March 1539 was created Baron St John  He became steward of the bishopric of Winchester, and became a close associate of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and a friend of Thomas Cromwell  He was also Comptroller of the Royal Household, and held many other high positions 
In 1535 and 1536, he served as one of the judges for the trials of John Fisher, Sir Thomas More, and the alleged accomplices of Anne Boleyn; in 1535, he became Lord Chamberlain  He partially led the royal forces against the Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion that broke out in the autumn of 1536, and in 1538, he became Treasurer of the Household  In 1540, he became the master of Henry's Court of Wards and Liveries, a Knight of the Garter in 1543, and Governor of Portsmouth and Lord Steward of the Household in 1545  In 1546, he became Lord President of the Council, and in 1547, he was an executor of the will of King Henry VIII He continued his political manoeuvres in 1549 by supporting the Earl of Warwick against the Duke of Somerset—in reward, on 19 January 1550 he was given the Earldom of Wiltshire and Somerset's position of Lord Treasurer  In the following month Warwick took over the post of Lord President of the Council  When Warwick was created Duke of Northumberland on 11 October 1551, Paulet received the Marquessate of Winchester  Six weeks later, he served as Lord High Steward in the Duke of Somerset's trial 
It was said that Northumberland and Winchester "ruled the court" of the minor King Edward VI  Mary I affirmed him in all of his positions  After her death, he remained Lord Treasurer and retained many of his other positions, and even at an advanced age (in 1559, he was over seventy years old), he showed no signs of declining—he was Speaker of the House of Lords in 1559 and 1566  He remained in good standing with the English monarchs—Queen Elizabeth once joked, "for, by my troth, if my lord treasurer were but a young man, I could find it in my heart to have him for a husband before any man in England " Late in life, he opposed any military support of Continental Protestantism, as he feared it would cause a breach with strongly Catholic Spain 
Paulet enjoyed a remarkably long career during the Reformation  Starting out as a Catholic, he was quickly persuaded to see things Henry's way once the breach with Rome had been decided on  He was rewarded with former Church properties following the dissolution of the monasteries  Under Edward VI he became an evangelical Protestant and persecuted Roman Catholics and Henrician Conservatives alike  On the accession of the Catholic Mary he announced his reconversion and commenced persecuting his former Protestant co-religionists, even denouncing Bishop Bonner for "laxity in prosecuting the heretics " His wife also found favour with Mary  On Tuesday 21 August 1554, when Mary went into Westminster Abbey her train was carried by Elizabeth, Marchioness of Winchester and Anne of Cleves On Elizabeth's succession, he once again shifted his sails and became an advocate of middle-road Anglicanism  All in all, he professed five changes in religious course



ground_truth: Dubai

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the date of birth of William Paulet, 3Rd Marquess Of Winchester's father?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Once, when asked how he managed to survive so many storms, not only unhurt, but rising all the while, Paulet answered: "By being a willow, not an oak" 

Death
Paulet was still in office when he died on 10 March 1572, a very old man, at Basing House, which he held to rebuild and fortify  His tomb is on the south side of the chancel of Basing church 
Passage 9:
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester (c  1598 – 5 March 1675), styled Lord John Paulet until 1621 and Lord St John from 1621 to 1628, was the third but eldest surviving son of William Paulet and his successor as 5th Marquess of Winchester 

Life
He kept terms at Exeter College, Oxford, but as a Roman Catholic could not matriculate  He sat for St Ives from 1620 to 1622  Staying away to recover his family fortune for most of the 1630s, he returned and presented himself to the court and the king in 1639  The fifth Marquess and the Queen became firm friends thereafter, and therefore his chief seat, Basing House, was the great resort of Queen Henrietta Maria's friends in southwest England On the outbreak of the English Civil War, he fortified and garrisoned Basing House and held it for Charles I during 1643 and 1644  The siege of Basing House, notwithstanding an attempt of his youngest brother, Lord Edward Paulet, to deliver it up to the enemy, lasted from August 1643 to 16 October 1645, when, during the general decline of the Royal cause, it was taken by storm, after a determined defence, by Oliver Cromwell  The brutality with which the house was sacked was most unusual, as atrocities against civilians during the Civil War were rare and generally discouraged by both sides: the explanation may be the presence of a number of Catholic priests among the defenders  Paulet was subsequently renowned as a great loyalist The Marquess was made prisoner with such of his garrison as survived the fight; ten pieces of ordnance and much ammunition were also taken by the victors, as Oliver Cromwell himself, who directed the assault, wrote to the Speaker He was committed to the Tower of London on a charge of high treason in 1645, where he remained a long time; an order was made for allowing him 5l  a week out of his property on 15 Jan 1646  Lady Winchester, who had escaped from Basing two days before its fall, was sent to join her husband in the Tower on 31 Jan, and a weekly sum of 10l , afterwards increased to 15l , was ordered to be paid her for the support of herself and her children, with the stipulation that the latter were to be educated as Protestants  An ordinance for the sale of Winchester's land was passed on 30 Oct, and by the act of 16 July 1651, a portion was sold by the trustees for the sale of forfeited estates  On 7 September 1647 Winchester was allowed to drink the waters at Epsom, and stayed there by permission of parliament for nearly six months  The House of Lords on 30 June 1648 urged the commons to release him on bail in consideration of his bad health  In the propositions sent to the king at the Isle of Wight on 13 October, it was expressly stipulated that Winchester's name be excepted from pardon  Ultimately the commons resolved on 14 March 1649 not to proceed against him for high treason, but they ordered him to be detained in prison and excepted from any composition for his estate  In January 1656 he was a prisoner in execution in the upper bench for debts amounting to 2,000l , and he petitioned Cromwell for relief  The sale of his lands was discontinued by order of parliament on 15 March 1660, and after the Restoration Winchester received them back  It was proposed on 3 August 1660 to recompense him for his losses to the amount of 19,000l  and damages, subsequently reduced to 10,000l , and this was agreed to on 2 July 1661  In the event he was allowed to go unrecompensed at the Restoration of the Monarchy, but regained his lands 

Marriages and issue
He married as his first wife:
Jane Savage, daughter of Thomas Savage, 1st Viscount Savage of Rocksavage, on 18 December 1622, and by her had a son:Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton, born c  1630
Jane died in childbirth in 1631, prompting an epitaph by John MiltonHe married as his second wife:

Honora de Burgh, born c  1605, daughter of Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde and Frances Walsingham, in around 1645 and by her, had a daughter:Anne, died c  September 1694, married John Belasyse, 1st Baron BelasyseHe married as his third wife:

Isabel Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford and Mary Stafford, sister of the 5th Baron Stafford, in 1669 

Death
He retired to Englefield House in Berkshire, which was a wedding gift from his second marriage to Lady Honora de Burgh in the early 1630s  He died on 5 March 1674 and was buried at Englefield, Berkshire  Paulet was succeeded, by his eldest son, Charles Paulet, as 6th Marquess of Winchester, later created 1st Duke of Bolton  Charles converted to the Church of England, a great blow to the Roman Catholic community of Hampshire, who had for many years looked to the Paulet family to shield them from the worst rigours of the Penal Laws 

Footnotes
Attribution This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage" by Edmund Lodge (1859)
 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Goodwin, Gordon (1895)  "Paulet, John"    In Lee, Sidney (ed )  Dictionary of National Biography  Vol  44  London: Smith, Elder & Co  pp  90–92 

Sources
External links
John Paulet, Marquess of Winchester A family tree
Royal Berkshire History: John Paulet
Portraits of John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester at the National Portrait Gallery, London 
John Paulet
History of Basing House
Passage 10:
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester (c  1510 – 4 November 1576), styled The Honourable John Paulet between 1539 and 1550, Lord St John between 1550 and 1551 and Earl of Wiltshire between 1551 and 1555, was an English peer  He was the eldest son of William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester and Elizabeth Capel 

Career
John Paulet was knighted by Henry VIII at Boulogne on 30 September 1544  After the death of Edward VI he was (with his father) one of the signatories to the settlement of the Crown on Lady Jane Grey of 16 June 1553, although he later changed his allegiance to Queen Mary  He was styled Lord St John from 1550 to 1572  He was summoned to Parliament on 3 October 1554 in one of his father's baronies as Lord St John  He was one of the Peers at the trial of the Duke of Norfolk on 16 January 1572  He succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester on 10 March 1572 The offices he held during his career included:
High Sheriff of Hampshire 1533–34
High Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset 1543–44
Steward of Canford castle 1549/50
Constable of Corfe Castle 1549/50
Lord Lieutenant of Dorset 1557
Governor of the Isle of Wight 1558
Keeper of St Andrew's Castle, Hamble 1572–1576

Marriages and issue
Paulet was married three times:
He married as his first wife, by 20 October 1528, Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke by his second wife, Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, and by her had four sons and two daughters:William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester (c  1532 – 24 November 1598)
George Paulet
Richard Paulet
Thomas Paulet
Elizabeth Paulet, married firstly Sir William Courtenay of Powderham and secondly Sir Henry Ughtred
Mary Paulet (died 10 October 1592), married Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron CromwellHe married secondly, between 10 March and 24 April 1554, Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth, and widow of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell 
He married thirdly, before 30 September 1568, Winifred, widow of Sir Richard Sackville, and daughter of John Brydges, a former Lord Mayor of London  He succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester in 1572 

Death
John Paulet died at Chelsea on 4 November 1576 and was buried in St  Mary's Church, Basing, Hampshire  His widow, Winifred, died at Chelsea in 1586 and was buried in Westminster Abbey 



ground_truth: 1510