prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did Helena Carroll's father study?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Donnie Elbert
Donnie Elbert (May 25, 1936 – January 26, 1989) was an American soul singer and songwriter, who had a prolific career from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s  His U S  hits included "Where Did Our Love Go?" (1971), and his reputation as a Northern soul artist in the UK was secured by "A Little Piece of Leather", a performance highlighting his powerful falsetto voice 

Career
Elbert was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, but when aged three his family relocated to Buffalo, New York  He learned to play guitar and piano as a child, and in 1955 formed a doo-wop group, the Vibraharps, with friend Danny Cannon  Elbert acted as the group's guitarist, songwriter, arranger, and background vocalist, making his recording debut on their single "Walk Beside Me"  He left the group in 1957 for a solo career, and recorded a demonstration record that earned him a recording contract with the King label's DeLuxe subsidiary  His solo debut "What Can I Do?" reached #12 in the U S  R&B chart, and he followed it up with the less successful "Believe It or Not" and "Have I Sinned?", which became a regional hit in Pittsburgh He continued to release singles on DeLuxe, but with little commercial success, and also played New York's Apollo Theater and toured the Chitlin' Circuit of African-American owned nightclubs  After completing an album, The Sensational Donnie Elbert Sings, he left DeLuxe in 1959, joining first Red Top Records, where in 1960 he recorded "Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)", and then Vee-Jay Records, where he had another regional hit with "Will You Ever Be Mine?", which reportedly sold 250,000 copies in the Philadelphia area but failed to take off nationwide  His career was also interrupted by a spell in the US Army, from which he was discharged in 1961  He then recorded singles for several labels, including Parkway, Cub and Checker, but with little success  However, although the 1965 Gateway label release of "A Little Piece of Leather" failed to chart in the US, the record became a #27 pop hit when released on the London label in the UK several years later in 1972, and remains a Northern soul favorite Elbert relocated to the UK in 1966, where he married  There, he recorded "In Between The Heartaches" for the Polydor label in 1968, a cover version of the Supremes' hit "Where Did Our Love Go?" and an album of Otis Redding cover versions, Tribute To A King  His 1969 Deram release "Without You" had a rocksteady rhythm, and went to the top of the Jamaican charts 
He returned to the US the same year and had his first US chart hit in over a decade with the Rare Bullet release, "Can't Get Over Losing You", which reached #26 on the Billboard R&B chart  The track and its b-side, "Got To Get Myself Together", both written by Elbert, were released several times on different labels in subsequent years  After the success of that record, Elbert moved labels for a re-make of the Supremes' 1964 hit, "Where Did Our Love Go?" on All Platinum  It became his biggest hit, reaching #15 on the Billboard pop chart, #6 on the R&B chart, and (in 1972) #8 in the UK  Its follow-up, "Sweet Baby" reached #30 on the R&B chart in early 1972 
Elbert then signed with Avco-Embassy, where he entered the recording studio with the successful production team of Hugo & Luigi  His cover of the Four Tops' "I Can't Help Myself" reached #14 on the Billboard R&B chart, but climbed as high as #2 on the alternative Cashbox R&B chart  Elbert baulked at the label's insistence that he record material associated with Motown and departed with only a few tracks left to record for an album  Even so, the album was released after Avco sold it on to a budget label, Trip 
He returned to All Platinum and had a run of minor R&B hits, but left after a disagreement over the claimed authorship of Shirley & Company's R&B chart-topper "Shame Shame Shame", which was credited to label owner Sylvia Robinson  Elbert was also involved in a copyright wrangle over Darrell Banks' major R&B and pop hit in 1966, "Open The Door To Your Heart"  He had originally written the song as "Baby Walk Right In" (still its alternative legal title) and given it to Banks, but received no writing credit on the original record  Eventually, the matter was resolved by BMI with a disgruntled Elbert awarded joint authorship with Banks  "Open The Door" has since been given award-winning status by BMI and is one of over 100 songs written or co-written by Elbert 
For 1975's "You Keep Me Crying (With Your Lying)", Elbert formed his own label and "I Got to Get Myself Together", appeared on an imprint bearing his surname, but it was among his final recordings By the mid-1980s, Elbert had retired from performing and became director of A&R for Polygram's Canadian division  He suffered a massive stroke and died in 1989, at the age of 52 

Discography
Chart singles
Albums
The Sensational Donnie Elbert Sings (King, 1959)
Tribute to a King (1968)
Where Did Our Love Go? (All Platinum, 1971) U S  #153, R&B #45
Have I Sinned? (Deluxe, 1971)
Stop in the Name of Love (Trip, 1972)
A Little Bit of Leather (1972)
Roots of Donnie Elbert (Ember, 1973)
Dancin' the Night Away (All Platinum, 1977)

See also
List of disco artists (A-E)
Passage 2:
Benny Rubinstein
Benny Rubinstein (בני רובינשטיין) is an Israeli former footballer and current real estate developer  He played soccer for Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Netanya  At the 1969 Maccabiah Games, Rubinstein played soccer for Israel, winning a gold medal 

Biography
Rubinstein was born in Netanya, Israel  His wife is Sarah Rubinstein  Benny's son, Aviram also played football for Maccabi Netanya He played soccer for Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Netanya  At the 1969 Maccabiah Games, Rubinstein played soccer for Israel, winning a gold medal Rubinstein then worked as a real estate agent, and now works in real estate development 

Honours
Israeli Premier League (1):
1970-71
Passage 3:
Nancy Baron
Nancy Baron is an American rock singer who was active in New York City in the early 1960s, known for the singles "Where Did My Jimmy Go?" and "I've Got A Feeling" 

Early life
Born into a family of singers and writers, Baron was introduced to many musical genres by her family at an early age  Noting her singing talents, her parents brought their young child to auditions for musical theater productions in New York City  The singer joined Glee clubs at school and formed her own female singing groups at school  At the age of 11, she heard her first "Rock and Roll" song  This affected her taste in music and desire to emulate the style; it was the first time she heard a Rock group with a female lead singer  This was significant since she realized that she could be a lead singer 

Recording career
At the age of 15, her parents sent her for vocal coaching in Manhattan, N Y  After a while her coach sent her to record a demonstration record in a sound studio near Broadway  Upon hearing her sing, the sound engineer contacted his friend who was a producer of a small record company in N Y C ; he was impressed by her voice and immediately signed her to a contract  The singer's mother co-signed the document since Baron was a fifteen-year-old minor at the time Baron became one of the many girl group/girl sound singers of the early 1960s  Baron was not a member of a group; her producers would hire "pay for hire" backup groups for her recordings  This "sound" as it is referred to had much to do with Phil Spector, one of its major creators; Spector produced recordings of this genre prolifically  The groups were composed of young adult or teenage girls, each with a lead singer and any number of back up singers At the time, the troubled label (a small N Y C  record company owned by Wally Zober) could not promote Baron's "I've Got A Feeling"/"Oh Yeah" 45 vinyl and so she eventually signed a contract with Jerry Goldstein producer of FGG productions, also located in Manhattan  "Where Did My Jimmy Go"/"Tra la la, I Love You" was the result (Diamond) 

Later life
Baron left the music industry at the age of 19, choosing to enter higher education due to changes in the music industry of those days; she eventually received an advanced degree 
Baron's "I've Got a Feeling" was covered by The Secret Sisters on their 2010 self-titled album as well as being released as a single  AllMusic describes Baron's song as "an early-'60s pop/rock obscurity" 
Passage 4:
Jack Carroll (hurler)
Jack Carroll (1921–1998) is an Irish hurler who played as a goalkeeper for the Offaly senior hurling team 
Carroll made his first appearance for the team during the 1943 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1953 championship  During that time he enjoyed little success as Offaly were regarded as one of the minnows of provincial hurling 
At club level Carroll was a five-time county club championship medalist with Coolderry 
Carroll's father-in-law, "Red" Jack Teehan, his son, Pat Carroll, and his grandson, Brian Carroll, also played hurling with Offaly 
Passage 5:
Andrew Allen (singer)
Andrew Allen (born 6 May 1981) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Vernon, British Columbia  He is signed to Sony/ATV and has released five top ten singles, and written and recorded many others, including Where Did We Go? with Carly Rae Jepsen  He also records covers and posts them on YouTube 

Background
Raised in British Columbia's Okanagan Valley, his acoustic pop/rock music is inspired by artists like Jason Mraz and Jack Johnson 

Career
Andrew Allen scored his first hit in 2009, when I Wanna Be Your Christmas cracked the Top Ten in his native Canada  He was honored as the feature performer for the Sochi 2014 hand off finale on the internationally broadcast Closing Ceremony of the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games held at Whistler, British Columbia  Allen continued building an international profile in 2010, and released his biggest single Loving You Tonight, which sold more than 100,000 copies worldwide, was featured on the Gold Selling NOW 37, hit #6 on the Canadian charts for 22 weeks in a row and #30 on the US Hot AC charts, and got him a record deal with Epic after spending much of that year on the road  Because of the song's attention, Allen had the opportunity to perform with some of the world's biggest artists like Bruno Mars, One Republic, The Barenaked Ladies, Train, Matt Nathanson, Joshua Radin, Andy Grammer, The Script, Nick Carter, Kris Allen, Carly Rae Jepsen and many others 
Loving You Tonight was also featured on the soundtrack of Abduction starring Taylor Lautner 

Collaborations
Andrew Allen is also well known in the songwriting community, and has written songs with artists like Meghan Trainor, Rachel Platten, Cody Simpson, Carly Rae Jepsen, Matt Simons, Conrad Sewell as well as writer/producers like Toby Gad, Ryan Stewart, Eric Rosse, Jason Reeves, John Shanks, Nolan Sipes, Mark Pellizzer (Magic), Brian West and Josh Cumbee  Numerous songs he has been a part of writing have been released by various artists, including Last Chance, which was on the Grammy nominated album Atmosphere by Kaskade feat  DJ Project 46, Ad Occhi Chiusi which was on the Double Platinum release by Italian artist Marco Mengoni and Maybe (which Allen also later released himself) released by teen pop sensation Daniel Skye, as well as many others 

Singles
I Wanna Be Your Christmas (2009)
Loving You Tonight (2010)
I Want You (2011)
Where Did We Go? (2012)
Satellite (2012)
Play with Fire (2013)
Thinking About You (2014)
What You Wanted (2016)
Favorite Christmas Song (2017)
Maybe (2017)

Discography
The Living Room Sessions (2008)
Andrew Allen EP (2009)
The Mix Tape (2012)
Are We Cool? (2013)
All Hearts Come Home (2014)
The Writing Room (2020)
12:34 (2022; pre-released on vinyl in 2021)

Songwriting credits
Last Chance released by Kaskade featuring Project 46 on his Grammy nominated record Atmosphere 
Ad Occhi Chiusi released by Marco Mengoni on his Double Platinum record 
Reasons released by Project 46 
No Ordinary Angel released by Nick Howard from The Voice Germany 
Million Dollars released by Nick Howard from The Voice Germany 
Maybe released by Daniel Skye 
Passage 6:
Helena Carroll
Helena Winifred Carroll (13 November 1928 – 31 March 2013) was a veteran film, television and stage actress 

Early life
Born to clothing designer Helena Reilly and Abbey Theatre playwright Paul Vincent Carroll, she was the youngest of three sisters  Her elder sisters were Theresa Elizabeth Perez (1924–2001), a classically trained musician and the producer/founder of the People's Pops Concerts in Phoenix, Arizona, and journalist Kathleen Moira Carroll (1927–2007) Carroll attended Clerkhill Notre Dame High School, a Roman Catholic convent school in Dumbarton 

Stage career
Carroll received her acting training at the Central School which later became the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art London, appearing in three plays in London's West End and a film, Midnight Episode, by age 20  She made her Broadway debut in Separate Tables by Terence Rattigan  She moved to the U S  during the 1950s, touring and performing on Broadway and co-founded, with Dermot McNamara, The Irish Players, a repertory theater company in Manhattan Helena split her stage work between Dublin, London and New York, appearing on Broadway in, among other productions the original production of Oliver! as Mrs  Sowerberry, as well as Pickwick, Design for Living, Waiting in the Wings, and the Elizabeth Taylor-Richard Burton revival of Private Lives (New York and Los Angeles)  Her last stage performance was in 2007 at the age of 78 

Film and television
Carroll played the leading role of Nora, in a television production of her father's play, The White Steed (1959 Play of the Week Series), directed by Joe Gisterak  Gisterak directed a 1980 commissioned opera of her father's play, Beauty is Fled, as part of the "Children's Opera Series", which her sister,  Theresa Perez founded  The opera was performed at the Phoenix Symphony Hall 
Prompted by producer Al Simon and casting director Caro Jones, Carroll moved to Los Angeles in the late 1960s and appeared in numerous films and television programs, including the lively Aunt Kate in John Huston's Academy Award-nominated film The Dead, based on the short story by James Joyce  Other works in Hollywood included The Friends of Eddie Coyle starring Robert Mitchum, The Jerk, directed by Carl Reiner and starring Steve Martin, The Mambo Kings, the Warren Beatty remake of Love Affair, the 1979 NBC mini-series Backstairs at the White House, and such television programs as Kojak, General Hospital, The Edge of Night, Loving Couples, Laverne and Shirley, Murder She Wrote, and Married    With Children 

Death
Carroll resided in Los Angeles, and died in Marina del Rey, California from heart failure on 31 March 2013 at the age of 84  She is survived by a half brother, Brian Carroll; a niece, Helena Perez Reilly; and a great-nephew, Paul Vincent Reilly 

Filmography
Passage 7:
Robert Paul Smith
Robert Paul Smith (April 16, 1915 – January 30, 1977) was an American author, most famous for his classic evocation of childhood, Where Did You Go? Out  What Did You Do? Nothing 

Biography
Robert Paul Smith was born in Brooklyn, grew up in Mount Vernon, NY, and graduated from Columbia College in 1936  He worked as a writer for CBS Radio and wrote four novels: So It Doesn't Whistle (1946) (1941, according to Avon Publishing Co , Inc , reprint edition     Plus Blood in Their Veins copyright 1952); The Journey, (1943); Because of My Love (1946); The Time and the Place (1951) 
The Tender Trap, a play by Smith and Dobie Gillis creator Max Shulman, opened in 1954 with Robert Preston in the leading role  It was later made into a movie starring Frank Sinatra and Debbie Reynolds  A classic example of the "battle-of-the-sexes" comedy, it revolves around the mutual envy of a bachelor living in New York City and a settled family man living in the New York suburbs 
Where Did You Go? Out  What Did You Do? Nothing is a nostalgic evocation of the inner life of childhood  It advocates the value of privacy to children; the importance of unstructured time; the joys of boredom; and the virtues of freedom from adult supervision  He opens by saying "The thing is, I don't understand what kids do with themselves any more " He contrasts the overstructured, overscheduled, oversupervised suburban life of the child in the suburban 1950's with reminiscences of his own childhood  He concludes "I guess what I am saying is that people who don't have nightmares don't have dreams  If you will excuse me, I have an appointment with myself to sit on the front steps and watch some grass growing "
Translations from the English (1958) collects a series of articles originally published in Good Housekeeping magazine  The first, "Translations from the Children," may be the earliest known example of the genre of humor that consists of a series of translations from what is said (e g  "I don't know why  He just hit me") into what is meant (e g  "He hit his brother ")
How to Do Nothing With Nobody All Alone By Yourself (1958) is a how-to book, illustrated by Robert Paul Smith's wife Elinor Goulding Smith  It gives step-by-step directions on how to: play mumbly-peg; build a spool tank; make polly-noses; construct an indoor boomerang, etc  It was republished in 2010 by Tin House Books 

List of works
Essays and humor
Where Did You Go? Out  What Did You Do? Nothing (1957)Translations from the English (1958) Crank: A Book of Lamentations, Exhortations, Mixed Memories and Desires, All Hard Or Chewy Centers, No Creams(1962)How to Grow Up in One Piece (1963)Got to Stop Draggin’ that Little Red Wagon Around (1969)Robert Paul Smith’s Lost & Found (1973)

For children
Jack Mack, illus  Erik Blegvad (1960)When I Am Big, illus  Lillian Hoban (1965)Nothingatall, Nothingatall, Nothingatall, illus  Allan E  Cober (1965)How To Do Nothing With No One All Alone By Yourself, illus Elinor Goulding Smith (1958) Republished by Tin House Books (2010)

Novels
So It Doesn't Whistle (1941) The Journey (1943) Because of My Love (1946)The Time and the Place (1952)Where He Went: Three Novels (1958)

Theatre
The Tender Trap, by Max Shulman and Robert Paul Smith (first Broadway performance, 1954; Random House edition, 1955)

Verse
The Man with the Gold-headed Cane (1943)…and Another Thing (1959)

External links
An Interview, by Edward R Murrow on YouTube
Passage 8:
Joseph J  Sullivan (vaudeville)
Joseph J  Sullivan was a blackface comedian and acrobat in New York   He composed the song Where Did You Get That Hat? and first performed it in 1888   It was a great success and he performed it many times thereafter 
Passage 9:
Paul Vincent Carroll
Paul Vincent Carroll (10 July 1900 – 20 October 1968) was an Irish dramatist and writer of movie scenarios and television scripts 
Carroll was born in Blackrock, County Louth, Ireland and trained as a teacher at St Patrick's College, Dublin and settled in Glasgow in 1921 as a teacher  Several of his plays were produced by the Abbey Theatre in Dublin  He co-founded, with Grace Ballantine and Molly Urquhart, the Curtain Theatre Company in Glasgow 

Personal life
Carroll and his wife, clothing designer Helena Reilly, had three daughters; the youngest was actress Helena Carroll (1928–2013)  He also had a son, Brian Francis, born in 1945 Paul Vincent Carroll died at age 68 in Bromley, Kent England  He died in his sleep from heart failure He was a close friend of Patrick Kavanagh's in the 1920s 

List of works
The Watched Pot (unpublished)
The Things That are Caesar's (London, 1934)
Shadow and Substance (1937, won the Casement Award and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award)
The White Steed (1939, won Drama Critics’ Circle Award)
The Strings Are False (1942, published as The Strings My Lord Are False, 1944)
Coggerers (1944, later renamed The Conspirators)
The Old Foolishness (1944)
The Wise Have Not Spoken (1947)
Saints and Sinners 1949
She Went by Gently (1953, *Irish Writing* magazine  Republished in 1955 in 44 Irish Short Stories edited by Devin A  Garrity)
Passage 10:
Yaya Soumahoro
Yaya Alfa Soumahoro (born 28 September 1989) is an Ivorian former professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder  
Having begun his career with Séwé Sports in his native country, he joined Thai club Muangthong United in 2008  His good performances earned him a move to K A A  Gent in 2010  He spent five and a half seasons with Gent but was plagued by recurring injuries throughout his time there  Following a half-season loan to Sint-Truidense V V , he returned to Muangthong United where did not feature  In 2018, he joined the Egyptian side Wadi Degla SC 

Early life
Soumahoro grew in the Ivorian capital Abidjan  He learned to play football in the streets and he decided to play for Séwé Sports  Soumahoro lost both parents at an early age and was taken care by a foster family 

Club career
Muangthong United
In 2008 Soumahoro moved to Thai Premier League side Muangthong United from Séwé Sports  He became a figurehead in this team, as he scored many goals and charmed the supporters with his numerous dribbles  He scored 32 goals in 72 games and helped the club win the Thai Premier League Championship Thai Division 1 League in 2008 and the Thai Premier League in 2009 

Gent
On 1 July 2010, Soumahoro joined Belgian club K A A  Gent on a three-year contract  On 22 August, he impressed in 3–1 league win against Charleroi scoring and assisting a goal each while also winning a penalty which Shlomi Arbeitman failed to convert  Four days later, he scored a goal to put Gent level on aggregate in a UEFA Europa League qualifying match against Feyenoord  His side went on to win 2–0 and qualify for the UEFA Europa League In September 2010, Soumahoro sustained a hamstring injury in a league match against Zulte Waregem and was substituted off after 73 minutes  It was announced he would be out of action for four weeks  In October 2010, he signed a one-year contract extension, tying him to the club until 2014 In April 2011, he received a three-match suspension In March 2012, it was announced Soumahoro would need to undergo surgery likely ruling him out for the rest of the 2012–13 season In October 2013, he signed a two-year contract extension with Gent, keeping him at the club until 2016 On 20 September 2015, Soumahoro made his first starting appearance after an injury layoff in a league match against Standard Liège  He had to leave the pitch after twisting his knee  With his contract set to expire at the end of the 2015–16 season Gent were looking to transfer Soumahoro  He did not take part in the club's winter training camp and instead trained with the reserves in wait of contract offers from other clubs  On 8 January 2016, Soumahoro rejected a move involving a 2 5-year deal to Cypriot club Anorthosis Famagusta  On 12 January, he joined Gent's league rivals Sint-Truidense V V  on loan until the end of the season 

After Gent
In June 2016 Soumahoro returned to former club Muangthong United  Six months later, his contract was terminated after he had not made any appearances due to injury problems 
In July 2018, he trialled with Belgian First Division B side K S V  Roeselare  He sustained an injury in a friendly match with Crawley Town and was not signed by Roeselare In October 2018, Soumahoro joined Egyptian Premier League side Wadi Degla SC as a free agent 

Honours
Muangthong United

Thai Division 1 League: 2008
Thai Premier League: 2009Gent

Belgian Pro League: 2014–15
Belgian Super Cup: 2015
Context 2: Passage 1:
The Wind's Fierce
The Wind's Fierce (Spanish: La cólera del viento, Italian: La collera del vento, also known as Revenge of Trinity, Trinity Sees Red and The Wind's Anger) is a 1970 Spanish-Italian western-drama film written and directed by Mario Camus 

Plot
Andalusia, the late nineteenth century  Wealthy landowner Don Antonio hires two assassins, Marcos and Jacobo, to infiltrate a group of peasant revolutionaries and kill the leaders  After falling in love with the rebel Soledad, Marcos has a change of heart and decides to unite with the peasants 

Cast
Terence Hill as Marcos
Maria Grazia Buccella as Soledad
Mario Pardo as Jacobo
Máximo Valverde as  Ramón
Fernando Rey as Don Antonio
Ángel Lombarte as  José
William Layton as  Don Lucas
Manuel Alexandre as  Agustín
Manuel de Blas as  Rafael

Reception
Although set in Spain, this film is often classified as a spaghetti-western due to themes, scenes and settings deliberately evocative of the western genre 
Terence Hill gives a dramatic performance in his last film before attaining international stardom with They Call Me Trinity  After the success of that movie, The Wind's Fierce was re-released in many countries as a "Trinity" sequel and misleadingly marketed as a comedy 
Passage 2:
Claude Weisz
Claude Weisz is a French film director born in Paris 

Filmography
Feature films
Une saison dans la vie d'Emmanuel (1972) with Germaine Montéro, Lucien Raimbourg, Florence Giorgetti, Jean-François Delacour, Hélène Darche, Manuel Pinto, etc Festival de Cannes 1973 - Quinzaine des réalisateurs
Jury Prize: Festival Jeune Cinéma 1973

La Chanson du mal aimé (1981) with Rufus, Daniel Mesguich, Christine Boisson, Věra Galatíková, Mark Burns, Philippe Clévenot, Dominique Pinon, Madelon Violla, Paloma Matta, Béatrice Bruno, Catherine Belkhodja, Véronique Leblanc, Philippe Avron, Albert Delpy, etc Festival de Cannes 1982 - Perspectives du cinéma français
Competition selections: Valencia, Valladolid, Istanbul, Montréal

On l'appelait    le Roi Laid (1987) with Yilmaz Güney (mockumentary)Valencia Festival 1988 - Grand Prix for documentaries "Laurel Wreath"
Competition selections: Rotterdam, Valladolid, Strasbourg, Nyon, Cannes, Lyon, Cairo

Paula et Paulette, ma mère (2005) Documentary - Straight to DVD

Short and mid-length
La Grande Grève (1963 - Co-directed CAS collective, IDHEC)
L'Inconnue (1966 - with Paloma Matta and Gérard Blain - Prix CNC Hyères, Sidney)
Un village au Québec
Montréal
Deux aspects du Canada (1969)
La Hongrie, vers quel socialisme ? (1975 - Nominated for best documentary - Césars 1976)
Tibor Déry, portrait d'un écrivain hongrois (1977)
L'huître boudeuse
Ancienne maison Godin ou le familistère de Guise (1977)
Passementiers et Rubaniers
Le quinzième mois
C'était la dernière année de ma vie (1984 - FIPRESCI Prize- Festival Oberhausen 1985 - Nomination - Césars 1986)
Nous aimons tant le cinéma (Film of the European year of cinema - Delphes 1988)
Participation jusqu'en 1978 à la réalisation de films "militants"

Television
Series of seven dramas in German
Numerous documentary and docu-soap type films (TVS CNDP)
Initiation à la vie économique (TV series - RTS promotion)
Contemplatives    et femmes (TF1 - 1976)
Suzel Sabatier (FR3)
Un autre Or Noir (FR3)
Vivre en Géorgie
Portrait d'une génération pour l'an 2000 (France 5 - 2000)
Femmes de peine, femmes de coeur (FR3 - 2003)

Television documentaries
La porte de Sarp est ouverte (1998)
Une histoire balbynienne (2002)
Tamara, une vie de Moscou à Port-au-Prince (unfinished)
Hana et Khaman (unfinished)
En compagnie d'Albert Memmi (unfinished)
Le Lucernaire, une passion de théâtre
Les quatre saisons de la Taillade ou une ferme l'autre
Histoire du peuple kurde (in development)
Les kurdes de Bourg-Lastic (2008)
Réalisation de films institutionnels et industriels
Passage 3:
S D  Jones
Conrad Efraim (March 30, 1945 – October 26, 2008) was an Antiguan professional wrestler best known by his ring name, Special Delivery Jones or S  D  Jones (sometimes referred to as S  D  "Special Delivery" Jones) from his time (1974–1990) in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE)  He also wrestled in Jim Crockett Promotions and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), and he won the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship three times 

Professional wrestling career
Before becoming a wrestler, Efraim worked at a telephone company  He also took part in boxing and lifting weights  While there, he began training under Johnny Rodz in the sport of professional wrestling  Upon completion of his training, he quit his job and began working for NWA Mid-Atlantic under the name "Roosevelt Jones" in a tag team with his partner and kayfabe cousin Rufus R  Jones  While there, they had a memorable feud with the Anderson family (Ole and Gene) On January 17, 1975, after leaving the Mid-Atlantic area for California, Jones won his first of three tag team titles, combining with Porkchop Cash to take the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship from the Hollywood Blonds (Buddy Roberts and Jerry Brown)  The following month, Jones and Cash dropped the titles back to the Blonds  Jones won the title again in 1977, teaming with Tom Jones to defeat Black Gordman and Goliath  Gordman and Goliath regained the championship, but SD and Tom Jones won the belts back from them on November 18, 1977 S  D  Jones had his first match in the WWWF on April 25, 1974 facing Nikolai Volkoff in Trenton, New Jersey  Jones would continue to wrestle in the WWF (WWWF) as a mid-card babyface who would give the heels a hard time but end up losing  He did, however, win quite a few matches on smaller cards against lower card or fellow mid carders like Ron Shaw and Johnny Rodz  Jones was often featured in tag team matches partnered with Tony Atlas, and the two challenged Mr  Fuji and Mr  Saito for the WWF Tag Team Championship several times in 1981  On one occasion, the two ended up as the final men in a battle royal and flipped a coin to decide the winner, as seen on the WWF Coliseum Video 'Best of the WWF Volume 4' and 'Grand Slams' video cassettes S  D  helped put over Greg Valentine at a 1979 TV taping when Valentine locked in his figure-four leglock and refused to let go, leading to Jones doing a stretcher job and subsequently appearing in Madison Square Garden with his leg in a cast  He was also the tag team partner of André the Giant on November 13, 1984 when André's hair was cut by Ken Patera and Big John Studd  At the inaugural WrestleMania in 1985 he famously lost to King Kong Bundy in an official match time of nine seconds, although the actual time from bell to pinfall was seventeen seconds  In any case, it would stand as the quickest match in WrestleMania history until The Rock defeated Erick Rowan in six seconds at WrestleMania 32 in 2016 Jones was a workhorse for the WWF as he wrestled 240 matches per year during his career and twice wrestled over 300 matches in a single year with (302) in 1978 and (305) in 1984  Despite mainly being used as a preliminary talent in the 1980s WWF, Jones garnered further recognition when LJN created two action figures of him for their Wrestling Superstars toy line  One was yellow with blue palm trees and the other was a red shirt  He also appeared in the WWF's music video for Land of a Thousand Dances  Jones last match was in New York City at Madison Square Garden on October 19, 1990 losing by pinfall against Iron Mike Sharpe 
After WWF, he wrestled for Herb Abrams's Universal Wrestling Federation and Universal Wrestling Superstars in New York City  He retired from the sport in 1995  In 2006, S  D  Jones appeared for the WWE inducting Tony Atlas into the WWE Hall of Fame   S  D  Jones was added to the WWE Hall Of Fame on April 7, 2019 as a legacy inductee 

Personal life and death
After retiring from wrestling, Jones lost a considerable amount of weight and took a job at the New York Daily News  He died in Antigua on October 26, 2008, following a stroke suffered two days earlier Following his death, his wife recalled "On Wednesday, he was laughing and singing and all of that… He went to feed the dogs, and when he came back, he called my name  He said, ‘Kay ’ He showed me his fingers, and the next thing I know, his body went limp  We went to the doctor’s, and he had three-quarters of his brain bleeding, covered with blood "

Championships and accomplishments
NWA Hollywood Wrestling
NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Porkchop Cash (1 time) and Tom Jones (2 times)
Universal Superstars of America
USA Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Tony Atlas
WWE
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2019)
Passage 4:
W  Augustus Barratt
W  Augustus Barratt (3 June 1873 – 12 April 1947) was a Scottish-born, later American, songwriter and musician 

Early life and songs
Walter Augustus Barratt was born 3 June 1873 in Kilmarnock, the son of composer John Barratt; the family later lived in Paisley  In 1893 he won a scholarship for composition to the Royal College of Music 
In his early twenties he contributed to The Scottish Students' Song Book, with three of his own song compositions and numerous arrangements 
By the end of 1897 he had published dozens of songs, such as Sir Patrick Spens, The Death of Cuthullin, an album of his own compositions, and arrangements of ten songs by Samuel Lover 
He then, living in London, turned his attention to staged musical comedy, co-creating, with Adrian Ross, The Tree Dumas Skiteers, a skit, based on Sydney Grundy's The Musketeers that starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree  He co-composed with Howard Talbot the successful Kitty Grey (1900) He continued to write songs and to receive recognition for them  The 1901 and 1902 BBC Promenade Concerts, "The Proms", included four of his compositions, namely Come back, sweet Love, The Mermaid, My Peggy and Private Donald 
His setting of My Ships, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, was performed by Clara Butt and republished several times  It also appeared four times, with different singers, in the 1913 and 1914 Proms 

America
In September 1904 he went to live in New York City, finding employment with shows on Broadway, including the following roles:

on-stage actor (Sir Benjamin Backbite) in Lady Teazle (1904-1905), a musical version of The School for Scandal;
musical director of The Little Michus (1907), also featuring songs by Barratt;
co-composer of Miss Pocahontas (1907), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Love Cure (1909–1910), a musical romance;
composer of The Girl and the Drummer (1910), a musical romance with book by George Broadhurst  Tried out in Chicago and elsewhere, it did not do well and never reached Broadway;
musical director of The Quaker Girl (1911–1912);
co-composer and musical director of My Best Girl (1912);
musical director of The Sunshine Girl (1913);
musical director of The Girl who Smiles (1915), a musical comedy;
musical director and contributor to music and lyrics of Her Soldier Boy (1916–1917);
composer, lyricist and musical director of Fancy Free (1918), with book by Dorothy Donnelly and Edgar Smith;
contributor of a song to The Passing Show of 1918;
composer and musical director of Little Simplicity (1918), with book and lyrics by Rida Johnson Young;
contributor of lyrics to The Melting of Molly (1918–1919), a musical comedy;
musical director of What's in a Name? (1920), a musical revue

1921 in London
Though domiciled in the US, he made several visits back to England  During an extended stay in 1921 he played a major part in the creation of two shows, both produced by Charles B  Cochran, namely

League of Notions, at the New Oxford Theatre, for which he composed the music and co-wrote, with John Murray Anderson, the lyrics;
Fun of the Fayre, at the London Pavilion, for which similarly he wrote the music and co-wrote the lyrics

Back to Broadway
Back in the US he returned to Broadway, working as
composer and lyricist of Jack and Jill (1923), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Silver Swan (1929), a musical romance

Radio plays
In later years he wrote plays and operettas mostly for radio, such as:

Snapshots: a radioperetta (1929)
Sushannah and the Brush Wielders: a play in 1 act (1929)
The Magic Voice: a radio series (1933)
Men of Action: a series of radio sketches (1933)
Say, Uncle: a radio series (1933)
Sealed Orders: a radio drama (1934)
Sergeant Gabriel (with Hugh Abercrombie) (1945)

Personal
In 1897 in London he married Lizzie May Stoner  They had one son  In 1904 he emigrated to the US and lived in New York City  His first marriage ended in divorce in 1915 and, in 1918, he married Ethel J Moore, who was American  In 1924, he became a naturalized American citizen  He died on 12 April 1947 in New York City 

Note on his first name
The book British Musical Biography by Brown & Stratton (1897) in its entry for John Barratt refers to "his son William Augustus Barratt" with details that make it clear that Walter Augustus Barratt is the same person and that a "William" Augustus Barratt is a mistake  For professional purposes up to about 1900 he appears to have written as "W  Augustus Barratt", and thereafter mostly as simply "Augustus Barratt" 
Passage 5:
Roscoe Arbuckle
Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle (; March 24, 1887 – June 29, 1933) was an American silent film actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter  He started at the Selig Polyscope Company and eventually moved to Keystone Studios, where he worked with Mabel Normand and Harold Lloyd as well as with his nephew, Al St  John  He also mentored Charlie Chaplin, Monty Banks and Bob Hope, and brought vaudeville star Buster Keaton into the movie business  Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s and one of the highest-paid actors in Hollywood, signing a contract in 1920 with Paramount Pictures for $1,000,000 a year (equivalent to $14,608,000 in 2022) 
Arbuckle was the defendant in three widely publicized trials between November 1921 and April 1922 for the rape and manslaughter of actress Virginia Rappe  Rappe had fallen ill at a party hosted by Arbuckle at San Francisco's St  Francis Hotel in September 1921, and died four days later  A friend of Rappe accused Arbuckle of raping and accidentally killing her  The first two trials resulted in hung juries, but Keaton testified for the defense in the third trial, which acquitted Arbuckle  The third jury took the unusual step of giving Arbuckle a written statement of apology for his treatment by the justice system 
Despite Arbuckle's acquittal, the scandal has mostly overshadowed his legacy as a pioneering comedian  At the behest of Adolph Zukor, president of Famous Players–Lasky, his films were banned by motion picture industry censor Will H  Hays after the trial, and he was publicly ostracized  Zukor was faced with the moral outrage of various groups such as the Lord's Day Alliance, the powerful Federation of Women's Clubs and even the Federal Trade Commission to curb what they perceived as Hollywood debauchery run amok and its effect on the morals of the general public   While Arbuckle saw a resurgence in his popularity immediately after his third trial (in which he was acquitted) Zukor decided he had to be sacrificed to keep the movie industry out of the clutches of censors and moralists   Hays lifted the ban within a year, but Arbuckle only worked sparingly through the 1920s  In their deal, Keaton promised to give him 35% of the Buster Keaton Comedies Co  profits  He later worked as a film director under the pseudonym William Goodrich  He was finally able to return to acting, making short two-reel comedies in 1932–33 for Warner Bros 

Arbuckle died in his sleep of a heart attack in 1933 at age 46, reportedly on the day that he signed a contract with Warner Bros  to make a feature film 

Early life
Roscoe Arbuckle was born on March 24, 1887, in Smith Center, Kansas, one of nine children of Mary E  Gordon and William Goodrich Arbuckle  He weighed in excess of 13 pounds (5 9 kg) at birth and his father believed that he was illegitimate, as both parents had slim builds  Consequently, he named him after Senator Roscoe Conkling of New York, a notorious philanderer whom he despised  The birth was traumatic for Mary and resulted in chronic health problems that contributed to her death eleven years later Arbuckle was nearly two when his family moved to Santa Ana, California  He first performed on stage with Frank Bacon's company at age 8 during their performance in Santa Ana  Arbuckle enjoyed performing and continued on until his mother's death in 1898, when he was 11  Arbuckle's father had always treated him harshly and now refused to support him, so he got work doing odd jobs in a hotel  He was in the habit of singing while he worked, and a professional singer heard him and invited him to perform in an amateur talent show  The show consisted of the audience judging acts by clapping or jeering, with bad acts pulled off the stage by a shepherd's crook  Arbuckle sang, danced, and did some clowning around, but he did not impress the audience  He saw the crook emerging from the wings and somersaulted into the orchestra pit in obvious panic  The audience went wild, and he won the competition and began a career in vaudeville 

Career
In 1904, Sid Grauman invited Arbuckle to sing in his new Unique Theater in San Francisco, beginning a long friendship between the two  He then joined the Pantages Theatre Group touring the West Coast and in 1906 played the Orpheum Theater in Portland, Oregon, in a vaudeville troupe organized by Leon Errol  Arbuckle became the main act and the group took their show on tour On August 6, 1908, Arbuckle married Minta Durfee (1889–1975), the daughter of Charles Warren Durfee and Flora Adkins  Durfee starred in many early comedy films, often with Arbuckle  They made a strange couple, as Minta was short and petite while Arbuckle tipped the scales at 300 lbs (136 kg)  Arbuckle then joined the Morosco Burbank Stock vaudeville company and went on a tour of China and Japan, returning in early 1909 Arbuckle began his film career with the Selig Polyscope Company in July 1909 when he appeared in Ben's Kid  He appeared sporadically in Selig one-reelers until 1913, moved briefly to Universal Pictures, and became a star in producer-director Mack Sennett's Keystone Cops comedies  Although his large size was undoubtedly part of his comedic appeal, Arbuckle was self-conscious about his weight and refused to use it to get "cheap" laughs like getting stuck in a doorway or chair Arbuckle was a talented singer  After famed operatic tenor Enrico Caruso heard him sing, he urged the comedian to "give up this nonsense you do for a living, with training you could become the second greatest singer in the world "

Screen comedian
Despite his physical size, Arbuckle was remarkably agile and acrobatic  Mack Sennett, when recounting his first meeting with Arbuckle, noted that he "skipped up the stairs as lightly as Fred Astaire" and that he "without warning went into a feather light step, clapped his hands and did a backward somersault as graceful as a girl tumbler"  His comedies are noted as rollicking and fast-paced, have many chase scenes, and feature sight gags  Arbuckle was fond of the "pie in the face", a comedy cliché that has come to symbolize silent-film-era comedy itself  The earliest known pie thrown in film was in the June 1913 Keystone one-reeler A Noise from the Deep, starring Arbuckle and frequent screen partner Mabel Normand In 1914, Paramount Pictures made the then unheard-of offer of US$1,000 a day plus twenty-five percent of all profits and complete artistic control to make movies with Arbuckle and Normand  The movies were so lucrative and popular that in 1918 they offered Arbuckle a three-year, $3 million contract (equivalent to about $58,000,000 in 2022 dollars) By 1916, Arbuckle was experiencing serious health problems  An infection that developed on his leg became a carbuncle so severe that doctors considered amputation  Although Arbuckle was able to keep his leg, he was prescribed morphine against the pain; he would later be accused of being addicted to it  Following his recovery, Arbuckle started his own film company, Comique, in partnership with Joseph Schenck  Although Comique produced some of the best short pictures of the silent era, Arbuckle transferred his controlling interest in the company to Buster Keaton in 1918 and accepted Paramount's $3 million offer to make up to 18 feature films over three years Arbuckle disliked his screen nickname  "Fatty" had also been Arbuckle's nickname since school; "It was inevitable", he said  Fans also called Roscoe "The Prince of Whales" and "The Balloonatic"  However, the name Fatty identifies the character that Arbuckle portrayed on-screen (usually a naive hayseed), not Arbuckle himself  When Arbuckle portrayed a female, the character was named "Miss Fatty", as in the film Miss Fatty's Seaside Lovers  Arbuckle discouraged anyone from addressing him as "Fatty" off-screen, and when they did so his usual response was, "I've got a name, you know "

Scandal
On September 5, 1921, Arbuckle took a break from his hectic film schedule and, despite suffering from second-degree burns to both buttocks from an on-set accident, drove to San Francisco with two friends, Lowell Sherman and Fred Fishback  The three checked into three rooms at the St  Francis Hotel: 1219 for Arbuckle and Fishback to share, 1221 for Sherman, and 1220 designated as a party room  Several women were invited to the suite  During the carousing, a 30-year-old aspiring actress named Virginia Rappe was found seriously ill in room 1219 and was examined by the hotel doctor, who concluded her symptoms were mostly caused by intoxication and gave her morphine to calm her  Rappe was not hospitalized until two days after the incident 
At the hospital, Rappe's companion at the party, Bambina Maude Delmont, told a doctor that Arbuckle had raped her friend  The doctor examined Rappe but found no evidence of rape  She died one day after her hospitalization from peritonitis caused by a ruptured bladder  Rappe suffered from chronic urinary tract infections, a condition that liquor irritated dramatically  
Delmont then told police that Arbuckle had raped Rappe; the police concluded that the impact of Arbuckle's overweight body lying on top of Rappe had eventually caused her bladder to rupture  At a later press conference, Rappe's manager, Al Semnacher, accused Arbuckle of using a piece of ice to simulate sex with Rappe, thus leading to her injuries  By the time the story was reported in newspapers, the object had evolved into a Coca-Cola or champagne bottle rather than a piece of ice  In fact, witnesses testified that Arbuckle rubbed the ice on Rappe's stomach to ease her abdominal pain  Arbuckle denied any wrongdoing  Delmont later made a statement incriminating Arbuckle to the police in an attempt to extort money from Arbuckle's attorneys Arbuckle's trial was a major media event  The story was fueled by yellow journalism, with the newspapers portraying Arbuckle as a gross lecher who used his weight to overpower innocent girls  William Randolph Hearst's nationwide newspaper chain exploited the situation with exaggerated and sensationalized stories   Hearst was gratified by the profits he accrued during the Arbuckle scandal, and he allegedly said that it had "sold more newspapers [   ] than when the Lusitania went down " Morality groups called for Arbuckle to be sentenced to death  The resulting scandal destroyed Arbuckle's career along with his personal life 
Arbuckle was regarded by those who knew him closely as a good-natured man who was shy around women; he has been described as "the most chaste man in pictures"  However, studio executives, fearing negative publicity by association, ordered Arbuckle's industry friends and fellow actors (whose careers they controlled) not to publicly speak up for him  Charlie Chaplin, who was in Britain at the time, told reporters that he could not and would not believe Arbuckle had anything to do with Rappe's death; having known Arbuckle since they both worked at Keystone in 1914, Chaplin "knew Roscoe to be a genial, easy-going type who would not harm a fly " Buster Keaton reportedly did make one public statement in support of Arbuckle's innocence, a decision which earned him a mild reprimand from the studio where he worked  Film actor William S  Hart, who had never met or worked with Arbuckle, made a number of damaging public statements in which he presumed that Arbuckle was guilty  Arbuckle later wrote a premise for a film parodying Hart as a thief, bully, and wife beater, which Keaton purchased from him  The resulting film, The Frozen North, was released in 1922, almost a year after the scandal first emerged  Keaton co-wrote, directed and starred in the picture; consequently, Hart refused to speak to Keaton for many years 

Trials
The prosecutor, San Francisco District Attorney Matthew Brady, an intensely ambitious man who planned to run for governor, made public pronouncements of Arbuckle's guilt and pressured witnesses to make false statements  Brady at first used Delmont as his star witness during the indictment hearing  The defense obtained a letter from Delmont admitting to a plan to extort payment from Arbuckle  In view of Delmont's constantly changing story, her testimony would have ended any chance of going to trial  Ultimately, the judge found no evidence of rape  After hearing testimony from one of the party guests, Zey Prevon, that Rappe told her "Roscoe hurt me" on her deathbed, the judge decided that Arbuckle could be charged with first-degree murder  Brady had originally planned to seek the death penalty  The charge was later reduced to manslaughter 

First trial
On September 17, 1921, Arbuckle was arrested and arraigned on charges of manslaughter  He arranged bail after nearly three weeks in jail  The trial began November 14, 1921, in the city courthouse in San Francisco  Arbuckle hired as his lead defense counsel Gavin McNab, a competent local attorney  The principal witness was Prevon  At the beginning of the trial Arbuckle told his already-estranged wife, Minta Durfee, that he did not harm Rappe; she believed him and appeared regularly in the courtroom to support him  Public feeling was so negative that Durfee was later shot at while entering the courthouse Brady's first witnesses during the trial included Betty Campbell, a model, who attended the party and testified that she saw Arbuckle with a smile on his face hours after the alleged rape occurred; Grace Hultson, a local hospital nurse who testified it was very likely that Arbuckle raped Rappe and bruised her body in the process; and Dr  Edward Heinrich, a local criminologist who claimed that the fingerprints on the door to the hallway proved that Rappe had tried to flee, but that Arbuckle had stopped her by putting his hand over hers  Dr  Arthur Beardslee, the hotel doctor who had examined Rappe, testified that an external force seemed to have damaged the bladder  During cross-examination, however, Campbell revealed that Brady had threatened to charge her with perjury if she did not testify against Arbuckle  Dr
Context 3: Passage 1:
O Valencia!
"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife 
The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy  It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers  The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang  At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer 

Track listing
The 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side 

Music videos
For the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage  Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea  The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2  The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location  At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape  Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office"  The letters have all burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song  The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers  Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis)  They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan  Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before they gang up on him  The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca  They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch  After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection  2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe  The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town  Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick 
The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums)  The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives"  The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in Bottle Rocket 
Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists video footage 
Passage 2:
Kristian Leontiou
Kristian Leontiou (born February 1982) is an English singer  Formerly a solo artist, he is the lead singer of indie rock band One eskimO 

Early life
Kristian Leontiou was born in London, England and is of Greek Cypriot descent  He went to Hatch End High School in Harrow and worked several jobs in and around London whilst concentrating on music when he had any free time   In 2003 he signed a major record deal with Polydor  At the time, Leontiou was dubbed "the new Dido" by some media outlets  His debut single "Story of My Life" was released in June 2004 and reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart  His second single "Shining" peaked at #13 whilst the album Some Day Soon was certified gold selling in excess of 150,000 copies 
Leontiou toured the album in November 2004 taking him to the US to work with L A Reid, Chairman of the Island Def Jam music group   Unhappy with the direction his career was going, on a flight back from the US in 2004 he decided to take his music in a new direction   Splitting from his label in late 2005, he went on to collaborate with Faithless on the song "Hope & Glory" for their album ‘'To All New Arrivals'’   It was this release that saw him unleash the One eskimO moniker   It was through working with Rollo Armstrong on the Faithless album, that Rollo got to hear an early demo of "Astronauts" from the One eskimO project  Being more than impressed by what he heard, Rollo opened both his arms and studio doors to Leontiou and they began to co-produce the ‘'All Balloons’' album 
It was at this time that he paired up with good friend Adam Falkner, a drummer/musician, to introduce a live acoustic sound to the album  They recorded the album with engineer Phill Brown (engineer for Bob Marley and Robert Plant) at Ark studios in St John's Wood where they recorded live then headed back to Rollo's studio to add the cinematic electro touches that are prominent on the album 
Shortly after its completion, One eskimO's "Hometime" was used on a Toyota Prius advert in the USA  The funds from the advert were then used to develop the visual aspect of One eskimO  He teamed up with friend Nathan Erasmus (Gravy Media Productions) along with animation team Smuggling Peanuts (Matt Latchford and Lucy Sullivan) who together began to develop the One eskimO world, the first animation produced was for the track ‘Hometime’ which went on to win a British animation award in 2008 
In 2008 Leontiou started a new management venture with ATC Music  By mid-2008 Time Warner came on board to develop all 10 One eskimO animations which were produced the highly regarded Passion Pictures in London   Now with all animation complete and a debut album, One eskimO prepare to unveil themselves fully to the world in summer 2009 
Leontiou released a cover version of Tracy Chapman's "Fast Car", which was originally released as a single in 2005  Leontiou's version was unable to chart, however, due to there being no simultaneous physical release alongside the download single, a UK chart rule that was in place at the time  On 24 April 2011, the song entered the singles chart at number 88 due to Britain's Got Talent contestant Michael Collings covering the track on the show on 16 April 2011 

Discography
Albums
Singles
Notes
A  - Originally released as a single in April 2005, Leontiou's version of "Fast Car" did not chart until 2011 in the UK 

Also featured on
Now That's What I Call Music! 58 (Story of My Life)
Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! OST, Love Love Songs - The Ultimate Love Collection (Shining)
Summerland OST (The Crying)
Passage 3:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb
Passage 4:
Let's Go (will i am song)
"Let's Go" is a song by will i am that features Chris Brown, which was part of the former's fourth studio album #willpower before being removed in November 2013  The reason for the song's removal was due to the unlicensed sampling of "Rebound" by Arty and Mat Zo  It was replaced with "Feelin' Myself" on the re-release 

Sampling controversy
The song heavily samples "Rebound" by Arty and Mat Zo  Arty made the claim via Twitter in April 2013 that Interscope Records had not asked for permission from Anjunabeats before will i am sampled "Rebound"  Chris Brown stated in a tweet that he didn't know of the track's original source and claimed that he performed it due to a feature request  A statement was released by Anjunabeats that even though credit was given to Arty in the sleeve notes, doing so is not an appropriate way to obtain permission of clearing a sample, which was done following on from Arty's Twitter claim  Anjunabeats issued this statement in response to when will i am was quoted as telling the Associated Press in self-defence:

"You can't steal if you credited somebody  He and I communicated      It's not my fault he didn't tell me about the other guy  So who is to blame? I didn't know "
In a later interview for KIIS-FM, will i am went on to admit that he accidentally stole "Rebound" with the sample and was confused whether or not he had the right to use it for "Let's Go"  The situation was elaborated on by will i am: "Arty is a dope producer so I wrote this song to 'Rebound' this last year  I got in touch with Arty and showed it to him, did a different version to it 'cause I asked him [to] make it newer 'cause I don't just wanna take your song and rap over it  But he said that after a year's time, "we preferred writing over and using the [original] rebound  Something happened and the clearance    hopefully we resolved the issue"  The song was removed on the re-release of #willpower on November 26, 2013 and replaced as the fifth track on the album with "Feelin' Myself" after will i am contacted the owners of "Rebound" for negotiation  However, the audio was not deleted from will i am's Vevo account on YouTube In May 2013, Above & Beyond played "Rebound" at the Electric Daisy Carnival to make fun of will i am, and Mat Zo went on to do this too in June 

Charts
Passage 5:
Astrid North
Astrid North (Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973, West Berlin – 25 June 2019, Berlin) was a German soul singer and songwriter  She was the singer of the German band Cultured Pearls, with whom she released five Albums  As guest singer of the band Soulounge she published three albums 

Career
North had her first experiences as a singer with her student band Colorful Dimension in Berlin  In March 1992 she met B  La (Bela Braukmann) and Tex Super (Peter Hinderthür) who then studied at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg and who were looking for a singer for their band Cultured Pearls  The trio entered the German charts with four singles and four albums 

In 1994 North sang for the dance-pop band Big Light on their hit single Trouble Is  In 1996 she was a guest on the side project Little Red Riding Hood by Fury in the Slaughterhouse brothers Kai and Thorsten Wingenfelder which resulted in the release of the single Life's Too Short from the eponymous album The song Sleepy Eyes, texted and sung by North, appears in the soundtrack of the movie Tor zum Himmel (2003) by director Veit Helmer  In 2003 she appeared at the festival Das Fest in Karlsruhe and sang alongside her own songs a cover version of the Aerosmith hit Walk This Way together with the German singer Sasha  North also toured with the American singer Gabriel Gordon After the end of her band Cultured Pearls in 2003 North moved 2004 to New York City to write new songs, work with a number of different musicians and to experiment with her music In 2005 she joined the charity project Home, which produced an album for the benefit of the orphans from the Beluga School for Life in Thailand which have been affected by the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 and the subsequent tsunami  Beside the orphans themselves also the following artists have been involved, guitarist Henning Rümenapp (Guano Apes), Kai Wingenfelder (Fury in the Slaughterhouse), Maya Saban and others  With Bobby Hebb Astrid North recorded a new version of his classic hit Sunny  It was the first time Hebb sung this song as duett and it appeared on his last album That's All I Wanna Know 
North sang in 2006 My Ride, Spring Is Near and No One Can Tell on the album The Ride by Basic Jazz Lounge, a project by jazz trumpeter Joo Kraus  In addition, she worked as a workshop lecturer of the Popkurs at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg 
In spring 2010 North performed as the opening act of the Fakebling-Tour of Miss Platnum  The magazine Der Spiegel described her as one of the "leading ladies of the local soul scene"  On 20 July 2012 her solo debut album North was released 
On 16 September 2016 Astrid North released her second solo album, Precious Ruby, dedicated to her grandmother Precious Ruby North  North used crowdfunding to finance the album  The first single published from this album was the song Miss Lucy  In 2016 she also started her concert series North-Lichter in Berlin's Bar jeder Vernunft to which she invited singers such as Katharina Franck, Elke Brauweiler, Lizzy Scharnofske, Mia Diekow, Lisa Bassenge or Iris Romen 

Life
Astrid North was born in West Berlin, West Germany to Sondria North and Wolf-Dieter Radmann  She commuted between her birth city and her family in Houston, Texas until she was nine years old  In the USA she lived mainly with her grandparents and her time there significantly shaped her musical development Besides her music career Astrid North worked also as lecturer in Hamburg at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater and as yoga teacher  North was the mother of two children, her daughter was born in 2001 and her son in 2006  Her sister Ondria North works as make-up artist and hair stylist in the German film industry 
She died in June 2019 at the age of 45 years from pancreatic cancer 

Discography
with Cultured PearlsAlbums

1996: Sing Dela Sing (German chart position 92, 3 weeks)
1997: Space Age Honeymoon (German chart position 54, 6 weeks)
1999: Liquefied Days (German chart position 19, 9 weeks)
2002: Life on a Tuesday (German chart position 74, 1 week)Singles

1996: Tic Toc (1996) (German chart position 65, 10 weeks)
1997: Sugar Sugar Honey (German chart position 72, 9 weeks)
1998: Silverball (German chart position 99, 2 weeks)
1999: Kissing the Sheets (German chart position 87, 9 weeks)with Soulounge

2003: The Essence of the Live Event – Volume One
2004: Home
2006: Say It AllSolo

2005: Sunny (Single, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2012: North (Album, 20  Juli 2012)
2013: North Live (Album, live recordings from different venues in Germany)
2016: Sunny (Compilation, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2016: Precious Ruby (Album, 16  September 2016)as guest singer

1994: Trouble Is – Big Light (Single)
1996: Life's Too Short – Little Red Riding Hood (Single)
2006: Basic Jazz Lounge: The Ride – Joo Kraus (Album)
Passage 6:
Feelin' Myself (Nipsey Hussle song)
"Feelin' Myself" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Nipsey Hussle, released July 9, 2010, as the lead single from his canceled debut studio album under Epic Records, South Central State of Mind  The song, produced by 1500 of Nothin', features American singer-songwriter Lloyd, with whom he previously collaborated on "Gotta Take It" earlier in 2009  The song then peaked at number 93 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart  The song was later included on Hussle's compilation album The Leaks, Vol  1 

Background
Following inking a publishing deal with BMI in April 2010, Nipsey Hussle revealed the first official single from his debut studio album, South Central State of Mind featuring singer Lloyd soon  On June 10, 2010, the audio for "Feelin' Myself" was released  The songs production handled by Los Angeles-based production team 1500 or Nothin'  On July 9, 2010, the song was released for digital download by Epic Records  This version featured a new verse sung by Lloyd 

Music and lyrics
In the song Nipsey Hussle features his usual hefty street-oriented verses  They detail self-love, flaunting his cash, his looks, and his skills with the ladies  The song is topped off with a guest hook and verse by singer Lloyd and a smooth bridge by an uncredited female vocalist  He explained how the Lloyd collaboration came about saying, "When I got signed they asked me who I would like to work with, I said Lloyd and so we got on the phone in 2009 and we spoke  We did a record for my Bullets Ain't Got No Names Vol: 3 mixtape and from then on me and Lloyd have been cool  When I heard this record I was like, "This is big, I need a star that;s got the vocals, swag, and the fans to complement the record, so I thought Lloyd fitted it perfectly and he's my home boy, so it all came out cool "

Music video
On July 19, 2010, Nipsey Hussle filmed the music video in Los Angeles, California with Lloyd  On July 26, 2010, Rap-Up released a behind the scenes video of the music video  The Marc Klasfeld-directed music video was finally premiered on August 30, 2010  The video received over 800,000 views in less than two weeks on YouTube, and was put into rotation on BET 

Chart positions
Passage 7:
Caspar Babypants
Caspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist Chris Ballew, who is also the vocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States of America 

History
Ballew's first brush with children's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs to the nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled "PEPS Sing A Long!" Although that was a positive experience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist Kate Endle  Her art inspired Ballew to consider making music that "sounded like her art looked" as he has said  Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the public domain to interpret and make his own  The first album, Here I Am!, was recorded during the summer of 2008 and released in February 2009 
Ballew began to perform solo as Caspar Babypants in the Seattle area in January 2009  Fred Northup, a Seattle-based comedy improvisor, heard the album and offered to play as his live percussionist   Northrup also suggested his frequent collaborator Ron Hippe as a keyboard player  "Frederick Babyshirt" and "Ronald Babyshoes" were the Caspar Babypants live band from May 2009 to April 2012  Both Northup and Hippe appear on some of his recordings but since April 2012 Caspar Babypants has exclusively performed solo  The reasons for the change were to include more improvisation in the show and to reduce the sound levels so that very young children and newborns could continue to attend without being overstimulated  
Ballew has made two albums of Beatles covers as Caspar Babypants  Baby Beatles! came out in September 2013 and Beatles Baby! came out in September 2015 
Ballew runs the Aurora Elephant Music record label, books shows, produces, records, and masters the albums himself  Distribution for the albums is handled by Burnside Distribution in Portland, Oregon 
Caspar Babypants has released a total of 17 albums  The 17th album, BUG OUT!, was released on May 1, 2020  His album FLYING HIGH! was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Children's Album  All 17 of the albums feature cover art by Ballew's wife, Kate Endle 
"FUN FAVORITES!" and "HAPPY HITS!" are two vinyl-only collections of hit songs that Caspar Babypants has released in the last couple of years 

Discography
AlbumsPEPS (2002)
Here I Am! (Released 03/17/09) Special guests: Jen Wood, Fysah Thomas
More Please! (Released 12/15/09) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe
This Is Fun! (Released 11/02/10)  Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Krist Novoselic, Charlie Hope
Sing Along! (Released 08/16/11) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Stone Gossard, Frances England, Rachel Loshak
Hot Dog! (Released 04/17/12) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Rachel Flotard (Visqueen)
I Found You! (Released 12/18/12) Special guests: Steve Turner (Mudhoney), Rachel Flotard (Visqueen), John Richards
Baby Beatles! (Released 09/15/13)
Rise And Shine! (Released 09/16/14)
Night Night! (Released 03/17/15)
Beatles Baby! (Released 09/18/2015)
Away We Go! (Released 08/12/2016)
Winter Party! (Released 11/18/16)
Jump For Joy! (Released 08/18/17)
Sleep Tight! (Released 01/19/18)
Keep It Real! (Released 08/17/18)
Best Beatles! (Released 03/29/19)
Flying High! (Released 08/16/19)
Bug Out! (released 05/1/20)
Happy Heart! (Released 11/13/20)
Easy Breezy! (Released 11/05/21)AppearancesMany Hands: Family Music for Haiti CD (released 2010) – Compilation of various artists
Songs Stories And Friends: Let's Go Play – Charlie Hope (released 2011) – vocals on Alouette
Shake It Up, Shake It Off (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Keep Hoping Machine Running – Songs Of Woody Guthrie (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Apple Apple – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2013) – vocals on Monkey Love
Simpatico – Rennee and Friends (released 2015) – writer and vocals on I Am Not Afraid
Sundrops – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2015) – vocals on Digga Dog Kid
Passage 8:
Panda (Astro song)
Astro is the first album of long duration (after the EP Le disc of Astrou) of Chilean indie band Astro, released in 2011  The first single from the album was "Ciervos" and followed "Colombo", "Panda" and "Manglares" 
This album was chosen by National Public Radio among the 50 discs of 2012 

Track listing
All tracks written by Andrés Nusser, except where noted 

Ciervos (Deer)
Coco (Coconut)
Colombo
Druida de las nubes (Druid of the clouds)
Panda
Miu-Miu
Manglares (Mangroves)
Mira, está nevando en las pirámides (Look, it's snowing in the pyramids)
Volteretas (Tumbles)
Pepa
Nueces de Bangladesh (Nuts of Bangladesh)
Miu-Miu reaparece (Miu-Miu reappears)

Personnel
Astro

Andrés Nusser – vocals, guitar
Octavio Caviares – drums
Lego Moustache – keyboards, percussion
Zeta Moustache – keyboards, bassProduction

Andrés Nusser – producer, recording and mixing
Chalo González – mixing and mastering
Cristóbal Carvajal – recording
Ignacio Soto – recording
Passage 9:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 10:
Nipsey Hussle
Ermias Joseph Asghedom (August 15, 1985 – March 31, 2019; born Airmiess Joseph Asghedom), known professionally as Nipsey Hussle (often stylized as Nipsey Hu$$le), was an American rapper, entrepreneur, and activist  Emerging from the West Coast hip hop scene in the mid-2000s, Hussle independently released his debut mixtape, Slauson Boy Volume 1, to moderate local success, which led to him being signed to Cinematic Music Group and Epic Records 
Hussle became known for his numerous mixtapes, including his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series, The Marathon, The Marathon Continues, and Crenshaw, the last of which American rapper Jay-Z bought 100 copies for $100 each  After much delay, his debut studio album Victory Lap was released in 2018 to critical acclaim and commercial success, and was nominated for the Best Rap Album at the 61st Grammy Awards in 2019  At the 62nd Grammy Awards in 2020, two posthumous Grammy Awards for the songs "Racks in the Middle" and "Higher" were awarded to Hussle in the Best Rap Performance and Best Rap/Sung Performance categories respectively Outside of music, Hussle inaugurated the Marathon Clothing store, which he founded along with partners Carless, the head of the agency, Karen Civil, and his brother Samiel Asghedom in 2017, and started a co-working environment which he named "Vector 90"  On March 31, 2019, Hussle was fatally shot outside his store in South Central Los Angeles  Eric Holder, a 29-year-old man who confronted Hussle earlier that day, was arrested and charged with murder two days later  Holder was found guilty of first-degree murder on July 6, 2022  On February 22, 2023, Holder was sentenced to 60 years to life in prison 

Early life
Airmiess Joseph Asghedom was born on August 15, 1985, and raised in the Crenshaw District of South Central Los Angeles by his mother Angelique Smith (née Boutte), an African-American woman, and Dawit Asghedom, an Eritrean war refugee who came to the United States after fleeing a then ongoing Eritrean War of Independence  He was raised with his brother Samiel a/k/a Blacc Sam and his sister Samantha  Asghedom attended Alexander Hamilton High School in the nearby Castle Heights neighborhood, and dropped out before graduating At age 14, Asghedom left home and joined the local Rollin 60's Neighborhood Crips, a sub-group of the larger Crips gang primarily based in his home neighborhood of Crenshaw  In 2002, at the age of 17, Hussle would join Buttervision, a creative multimedia Digital Guerrilla movement led by Dexter Browne where he would be part of the BV Boys Sampler, Beats & Babes Vol  1 DVD, and Shades of Butter Vol  1 DVD  He would also get his name "Nipsey Hussle" there and complete the recording for his debut mixtape  Slauson Boy Volume 1 His stage name, a play on the name of comedian and game show panelist Nipsey Russell, originated as a nickname given to Asghedom by a childhood acquaintance who respected his work ethic  In 2004, when Asghedom was 19, his father took him and his brother Samiel on a three-month trip to Eritrea  Asghedom credited the trip with inspiring him to become a community activist with an "entrepreneurial spirit" 

Music career
2008–2010: Bullets Ain't Got No Name series
In December 2005, Hussle independently released his first mixtape, Slauson Boy Volume 1, to moderate local success  His debut project helped to build a small regional fanbase on the west coast, and eventually led to Hussle being signed to Cinematic Music Group and Epic Records  In 2008, Hussle released the first two installments in his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series of mixtapes, which helped to bring Hussle's music to a larger audience 
Nipsey's profile continued to grow into 2009 when he collaborated with Drake on the song "Killer", and also appeared, along with Snoop Dogg and Problem, on the song "Upside Down", from Snoop Dogg's 2009 album Malice n Wonderland  He released the third installment in Bullets Ain't Got No Name, as well as his commercial debut single, "Hussle in the House"  Despite the song, which samples Kris Kross' 1992 single Jump, being well received by critics, it failed to make any impact on the charts After Epic experienced financial issues in 2010, Nipsey opted not to renew his contract and left the label  Not long after going independent, Hussle appeared on the song "We Are the World 25 for Haiti", and was featured by XXL Magazine as one of its "Annual Freshman Top Ten", a selection of ten up-and-coming hip-hop artists to watch  XXL labeled him "Most Determined" of his class, and LA Weekly called him the "next big L A  MC" Hussle was expected to release his debut album, South Central State of Mind, in October 2010  Prior to release, the album was supported by the single "Feelin' Myself" featuring Lloyd  While the production was set to be handled from J R  Rotem, Scott Storch, Mr  Lee, Play-N-Skillz, Terrace Martin, and 1500 or Nothin', the album was set to be featured with the guest appearances from Trey Songz, Jay Rock, and Sean Kingston  Concurrently, he announced that he planned on releasing a mixtape with fellow rapper Jay Rock, titled Red and Blue Make Green  Following the release of a music video for "Feelin' Myself", the album was set for a December 21, 2010 release; however, both of these projects were eventually postponed indefinitely 

2010–2013: Leaving Epic Records and The Marathon series
After leaving Epic, Nipsey founded his own record label, All Money In Records On December 21, 2010, he released his first All Money In Records mixtape, titled The Marathon, which featured guest appearances from Kokane and MGMT  On November 1, 2011, Hussle released a sequel titled The Marathon Continues, which featured L A  rappers YG and Dom Kennedy  On April 17, 2012, Hussle released a collaborative album with fellow rapper Blanco, Raw  The album featured guest appearances from YG, Mistah FAB, Yukmouth, B-Legit, Kokane and Freeway In May 2012, Nipsey released a single titled Proud of That, marking his first collaboration with Florida rapper Rick Ross  Nipsey was subsequently featured on Ross' Maybach Music Group's song "Fountain of Youth", which appears on the label's second album Self Made Vol  2  The music video was released on October 1, 2012  Rumours began to circulate that Nipsey would sign with MMG, and in December 2012, Hussle himself hinted at signing, however, he also said that he was still looking for the right label Hussle said that he would be releasing his third and final installment of The Marathon mixtape series with TM3: Victory Lap in 2013, after it was pushed back from its initial December 2012 release date  He also announced that he was planning on releasing a joint mixtape with fellow West Coast rapper and frequent collaborator YG  Hussle performed at the 2013 Paid Dues festival on March 30, 2013, in California  After deciding against signing to a major label, due to a lack of creative freedom, he choose to make Victory Lap his debut album 

2013–2019: Crenshaw and Victory Lap
Beginning in 2013, he released various songs from his upcoming mixtape Crenshaw, including the 9th Wonder produced track "Face the World", and a Futuristics and 1500 or Nothin'–produced track "Blessings"  On August 6, 2013, Hussle announced that Victory Lap would be released as an album, rather than a mixtape  Prior to the release of Victory Lap, Hussle announced on September 16, 2013, that he would be releasing a new mixtape, Crenshaw (hosted by DJ Drama), on October 8, 2013 On September 24, 2013, he revealed the track list for Crenshaw, which contained guest appearances from Rick Ross, Dom Kennedy, Slim Thug, James Fauntleroy II, Z-Ro, Skeme, and Sade, among others  The production on the mixtape was handled by the Futuristics, 1500 or Nothin', 9th Wonder, Mike Free, Ralo and Jiggy Hendrix, among others  He also released the Crenshaw documentary that day in promotion of the mixtape  On October 3, 2013, he released another trailer for the mixtape, and attracted attention when he revealed 1,000 hard copies of the mixtape would be sold for $100 each  Jay-Z personally bought 100 copies  He reportedly sold out all 1,000 copies in less than 24 hours, effectively making $100,000 Upon the release of Crenshaw, Hussle said that Victory Lap would be released in 2014  On November 20, 2013, Hussle confirmed that Victory Lap would feature production from Ralo, 1500 or Nothin', the Futuristiks and DJ Mustard  He later confirmed more producers, including Don Cannon and DJ Khalil on the album  After the year went by with no new releases, Hussle released a new mixtape, Mailbox Money on New Year's Eve 2014, again releasing 1000 hard copies for $100 each Hussle made a number of guest appearances throughout 2015 and 2016, working with Jadakiss, Trae Tha Truth, and YG  In 2016, he released another mixtape, titled Famous Lies and Unpopular Truth  He commented on the 2016 US presidential election by releasing the single "FDT" ("Fuck Donald Trump") with YG; the song was written about Hussle's positive experiences with Mexican immigrants in the United States, whom Trump had criticized After numerous delays, Hussle's debut studio album, Victory Lap, was released on February 16, 2018, debuting at number 4 on the Billboard 200, selling 53,000 album equivalent units in its first week  The album was met with universal acclaim from critics, and numerous songs entered the Billboard Hot 100, including "Double Up", "Last Time That I Checc'd" and "Dedication", marking Hussle's debut on the chart as a lead artist Victory Lap was nominated for a Best Rap Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019, but lost to Cardi B's Invasion of Privacy  Over 1 year after its release, the album reached a new peak of number 2 on the Billboard 200 in April 2019 after Hussle's murder on March 31  His single "Racks in the Middle" featuring Roddy Ricch and Hit-Boy debuted at number 44 on the Hot 100, following his death  The song later peaked at number 26 

Business ventures
Hussle's nickname came from his entrepreneurial spirit  He shined shoes for $2 50 to pay for school clothes at age 11 with a goal of a hundred shoes a day  Hussle sold his mixtapes out of a car trunk at a neighborhood strip mall at the intersection of Slauson Avenue and Crenshaw Boulevard  After leaving Epic Records, he founded his own record label  Hussle experimented with unorthodox sales strategies by selling expensive copies of certain mixtapes even while the songs were distributed for free Hussle's Marathon branding inspired Steve Carless in 2013 when he founded Marathon Agency with business partners Karen Civil and Jorge Peniche  They designed the talent-based brand to attract a diverse set of clients in all stages of their careers  In October 2016, Carless, the head of the agency, told Billboard that Hussle had invested "like over six figures" in the Marathon Agency and described him as "kind of like our silent partner" Hussle opened the Marathon Clothing store on June 17, 2017, which he founded along with partners Carless, Civil, and his brother Samiel Asghedom  Opening the store at this intersection in the Crenshaw commercial district was important to him because he wanted to invest and provide opportunities in his neighborhood of Hyde Park  The store is billed as a "smart store", which bridges the gap between culture and technology by giving customers access to exclusive music and other content created by rappers through an app created by software engineer Iddris Sandu  The year before his death, Hussle bought the small shopping center where his store was located, after partnering with the real estate investor David Gross 

All Money In
Hussle created the record label All Money In after leaving Epic Records  He released his first major project, The Marathon, through the new label on December 21, 2010  He released subsequent projects under his label, including The Marathon Continues (2011), Crenshaw (2013), and Mailbox Money (2014)  He also signed other artists, including J Stone, Pacman Da Gunman, BH, Cobby Supreme, Cuzzy Capone and Killa Twan 
Releases

Acting
In 2007, Hussle played a small role in Bone Thugs-n-Harmony's semi-autobiographical film I Tried, which was directed by Rich Newey  In 2010, he starred in the film Caged Animal, alongside Ving Rhames, Gillie Da Kid and Robert Patrick  In 2015, Hussle was featured in a cameo "The Sexy Getting Ready Song" in the pilot episode of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, rapping two bars 

Community activism
Hussle wanted to focus on "giving solutions and inspiration" to young black men like him  He denounced gun violence through his music, influence, and community work  He spoke openly about his experiences with gang culture  Affiliated with the Rollin' 60s, he often performed and worked with rival Bloods-affiliated rappers to set an example He funded improvements to neighborhood schools and spent time with students, also participating on panels about growing up in the area and the influence of gang culture  Hussle started a co-working environment which he named Vector 90  From his own experience, he believed that the Crenshaw area was being underserved and that young people would benefit from communal workspaces  He wanted youths to be able to take classes in science, technology, and mathematics at the center Hussle was also intimately involved in the planning and advisory stages of the Destination Crenshaw project that will showcase the history and culture of blacks in his neighborhood  City Council member Marqueece Harris-Dawson said Hussle was in the earliest conversations on the project and was an integral part of the project's branding  In March 2019, Hussle had contacted officials from the LAPD to arrange a meeting with him and Roc Nation about what they could do to help prevent gang violence in South Los Angeles  The meeting had been scheduled to take place on April 1 
Hussle was murdered on March 31  According to Los Angeles Police Commissioner Steve Soboroff, department officials will meet with Hussle's representatives at a future date on these issues to continue the activist's work in his honor 

Personal life
Hussle and actress Lauren London began dating in 2013  They had a son together in 2016  London has a child from a previous relationship with fellow rapper Lil Wayne, while Hussle had a daughter from a previous relationship  He remained very involved in South Los Angeles with his businesses, charitable activities, and the homes of family and friends  The locations for a magazine shoot were in the neighborhood 

Death
On March 31, 2019, Hussle was shot at least 10 times in the parking lot of his store, Marathon Clothing, in South Central Los Angeles at 3:18 p m  The perpetrator also kicked Hussle in the head  Two others were wounded in the shooting All three victims were transported to a hospital, where Hussle was pronounced dead at 3:55 p m  He was 33 years old  Police identified then-29-year-old Eric Ronald Holder Jr  as the suspect  Investigators believed Holder was known to the rapper and that the shooting was possibly motivated by a personal matter  On April 2, 2019, Holder was arrested by the Los Angeles Police Department and was being held in solitary confinement On May 9, a grand jury indicted Holder on one count of murder, two counts each of attempted murder and assault with a firearm, and one count of possession of a firearm by a felon  After a couple of postponements, the trial got underway in mid-June, 2022  Los Angeles County Deputy District Attorney John McKinney served as the case's prosecutor, while Aaron Jansen served as head of the defense  Holder's attorneys argued that he did not intend to kill Hussle but had acted in the heat of the moment  McKinney argued, "He thought about it and he did it  That's all premeditated means  It doesn't mean he planned it for weeks"  Testimony at the trial established that, immediately before Holder shot Hussle, the two men argued over a rumor that Holder had cooperated with law enforcement in an unrelated matter  On July 6, 2022, Holder was found guilty of first-degree murder and two counts of attempted voluntary manslaughter relating to injuries he caused to bystanders  On February 22, 2023, Superior Court Judge H  Clay Jack announced Holder's sentence of 60 years Hussle's brother, Samiel Asghedom, was appointed the permanent administrator of Hussle's estate 

Memorials
Upon hearing the news of his death, numerous celebrities offered their condolences on social media  Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti also offered his condolences to Hussle's family Hussle's memorial service was held on April 11 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, with tickets provided free of charge Former president Barack Obama praised the rapper for his work in the community, writing in a tribute, "While most folks look at the Crenshaw neighborhood where he grew up and see only gangs, bullets, and despair, Nipsey saw potential" Former president of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad paid homage to the late rapper on his official Twitter profile  The conservative politician quoted Hussle's lyrics in a tweet reading "How can one take someone's life so easily? 'Baby Don't Cry Gotta Keep Your Head Up Even when The Road is Hard Never Give Up'" The 25 5-mile (41 0 km) funeral procession to Forest Lawn Memorial Park wound through the streets of South Central L A  including Watts, where he spent some of his formative years  The Nation of Islam provided security along the route that was "both respectful to the community and in a way that the community respects" according to Melina Abdullah  Mourners gathered at the Watts Towers along the route  The crowds lining the streets demonstrated the impact he had on this community Gang leaders saw how Hussle resonated with young gang members and used the opportunity to curtail violence in their own ranks  A cross-section of gangs marched together at a memorial for Hussle and later held summits between L A  and Compton  Largely confined to black gangs, they agreed to stay away from each other's territory and stop shooting at people  The peacemaking, which was a cease fire and not a truce, included hundreds of gangs similar to the truces of 1992 

Remembrance and tributes
A petition was started to rename the intersection of Slauson Avenue and Crenshaw Boulevard near Hussle's store Marathon Clothing to "Nipsey Hussle Square"  On the day of his funeral, the council announced it was set to be renamed Ermias "Nipsey Hussle" Asghedom Square to honor him and his contributions to the neighborhood  There has also been a push from the community to name the nearby Hyde Park station after him, according to Metro  A ceremony dedicating the at-grade light rail station on the K Line to him and the Crenshaw community was held August 6, 2022 There was a strong artistic response to Nipsey Hussle's death  Within a few months, over 50 murals dedicated to the rapper were painted in the City of Los Angeles  One mural is in an alley near the strip mall where he was killed  Hussle's store has remained closed since his death Hussle was  honored with a star in the recording category of the Hollywood Walk of Fame in front of Amoeba Music on August 15, 2022, the 37th anniversary of his birth  Councilmember Marqueece Harris-Dawson proclaimed the day Nipsey Hussle Day and handed the framed proclamation to Hussle's grandmother, Margaret Smith, who stood with Hussle's sister, Samantha, and his father, Dawit Asghedom Inspired by the books that Hussle mentioned in interviews, songs and motivational messages, local chapters of the Marathon Book Club have formed  The list includes self-help bestsellers, cult classics and little-known books by black authors  Michelle Obama included "Hussle and Motivate" on her 2020 workout playlist On April 2, 2019, NBA player Russell Westbrook notched the second 20-20-20 game in NBA history in honor of Hussle On March 6, 2020, metal band Body Count released their seventh studio album titled Carnivore  The album features a song titled "When I'm Gone", which was written for Nipsey Hussle by the band's singer and rapper Ice-T  The song features a spoken introductory part in which Ice-T says of Hussle, "the outcry of love and support after his death was incredible, but it inspired me to write this song " The song also features guest vocalist Amy Lee from the band Evanescence who is also credited by Ice-T as having co-written the song Rapper Snoop Dogg released the tribute song "Nipsey Blue" which is dedicated to Nipsey Hussle in 2020 Rapper Big Sean announced the song "Deep Reverence" in honor of Nipsey Hussle  The track was released in August 2020 and features Nipsey Hussle  The music video was released in March 2021 Puma released the Marathon Clothing collection in September 2019 with 100% of net proceeds to the Neighborhood 'Nip' Foundation  The AMB store opened in September 2019 on Crenshaw Boulevard  This is another clothing company founded by Hussle with Cobby Supreme who was one of his best friends and an artist Hussle's longtime friend and collaborator YG dedicated his performance at the 2019 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival to the memory of Nipsey Hussle  At the 2020 Grammy Awards, DJ Khaled, Kirk Franklin, John Legend, Meek Mill, Roddy Ricch, and YG all gave tribute to Hussle in honor of his legacy The season 2 premiere of The CW series All American included a candlelight vigil at Hyde Park with a eulogy by the character Flip Williams (played by Lahmard Tate)  Tattoo artist Keenan Chapman painted a mural just for the episode  The series included "Grinding All My Life" in its pilot, and series star Daniel Ezra was a fan  Characters from the series wore clothes from the Marathon store  Hussle had planned to appear in the season 1 finale but had "scheduling conflicts"  A documentary on Nipsey Hussle is in development at Netflix, and is set to be co-produced and directed by Ava DuVernay Rapper Kendrick Lamar paid tribute to Nipsey Hussle on the single "The Heart Part 5"  The music video shows Hussle deepfaked on to Lamar's face as he rapped about his legacy following his death 

Discography
Victory Lap (2018)

Filmography
See also
List of hip hop musicians
List of murdered hip hop musicians



ground_truth: St Patrick's College

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director born later, The Wind'S Fierce or Special Delivery (1927 Film)?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  Heinrich's claim to have found fingerprints was cast into doubt after McNab produced a maid from the St  Francis Hotel who testified that she had thoroughly cleaned the room before the investigation took place  Dr  Beardslee admitted that Rappe had never mentioned being assaulted while he was treating her  McNab was furthermore able to get Nurse Hultson to admit that the rupture of Rappe's bladder could very well have been a result of cancer, and that the bruises on her body could also have been a result of the heavy jewelry she was wearing that evening On November 28, Arbuckle testified as the defense's final witness  He was simple, direct, and unflustered in both direct and cross-examination  In his testimony, Arbuckle claimed that Rappe (whom he testified he had known for five or six years) came into the party room (1220) around noon that day, and that sometime afterward he went to his room (1219) to change clothes after Mae Taub, daughter-in-law of Billy Sunday, asked him for a ride into town  In his room, Arbuckle discovered Rappe in the bathroom vomiting into the toilet  He then claimed Rappe told him she felt ill and asked to lie down, and that he carried her into the bedroom and asked a few of the party guests to help treat her  When Arbuckle and a few of the guests re-entered the room, they found Rappe on the floor near the bed tearing at her clothing and going into violent convulsions  To calm Rappe down, they placed her in a bathtub of cool water  Arbuckle and Fischbach then took her to room 1227 and called the hotel manager and doctor  At this point all those present thought Rappe was just very drunk, including the hotel doctors  Probably assuming Rappe would simply sleep it off, Arbuckle drove Taub into town During the whole trial, the prosecution presented medical descriptions of Rappe's bladder as evidence that she had an illness  In his testimony, Arbuckle denied he had any knowledge of Rappe's illness  During cross-examination, Assistant District Attorney Leo Friedman aggressively grilled Arbuckle over the fact that he refused to call a doctor when he found Rappe sick, and argued that he refused to do so because he knew of Rappe's illness and saw a perfect opportunity to rape and kill her  Arbuckle calmly maintained that he never physically hurt or sexually assaulted Rappe in any way during the party, and he also stated that he never made any inappropriate sexual advances against any woman in his life  After over two weeks of testimony with sixty prosecution and defense witnesses, including eighteen doctors who testified about Rappe's illness, the defense rested  On December 4, 1921, the jury returned five days later deadlocked after nearly forty-four hours of deliberation with a 10–2 not guilty verdict, and a mistrial was declared Arbuckle's attorneys later concentrated their attention on one woman named Helen Hubbard, who had told jurors that she would vote guilty "until hell freezes over"  She refused to look at the exhibits or read the trial transcripts, having made up her mind in the courtroom  Hubbard's husband was a lawyer who did business with the D A 's office, and expressed surprise that she was not challenged when selected for the jury pool  While much attention was paid to Hubbard after the trial, some former jury members told reporters that they believed that Arbuckle was indeed guilty, but not beyond a reasonable doubt  During the deliberations, some jurors joined Hubbard in voting to convict, but they all recanted except for Thomas Kilkenny  Arbuckle researcher Joan Myers describes the political climate and the media attention to the presence of women on juries (which had only been legal for four years at the time) and how Arbuckle's defense immediately singled out Hubbard as a villain; Myers also records Hubbard's account of the jury foreman August Fritze's attempts to bully her into changing her vote to 'not guilty'  While Hubbard offered explanations on her vote whenever challenged, Kilkenny remained silent and quickly faded from the media spotlight after the trial ended 

Second trial
The second trial began January 11, 1922, with a new jury, but with the same legal defense and prosecution as well as the same presiding judge  The same evidence was presented, but this time one of the witnesses, Zey Prevon, testified that Brady had forced her to lie  Another witness who testified during the first trial, a former Culver Studios security guard named Jesse Norgard, testified that Arbuckle had once shown up at the studio and offered him a cash bribe in exchange for the key to Rappe's dressing room  The comedian supposedly said he wanted it to play a joke on the actress  Norgard said he refused to give him the key  During cross-examination, Norgard's testimony was called into question when he was revealed to be an ex-convict who was currently charged with sexually assaulting an eight-year-old girl, and who was also looking for a sentence reduction from Brady in exchange for his testimony  Further, in contrast to the first trial, Rappe's history of promiscuity and heavy drinking was detailed  The second trial also discredited some major evidence such as the identification of Arbuckle's fingerprints on the hotel bedroom door: Heinrich took back his earlier testimony from the first trial and testified that the fingerprint evidence was likely faked  The defense was so convinced of an acquittal that Arbuckle was not called to testify  His lawyer, McNab, made no closing argument to the jury  However, some jurors interpreted the refusal to let Arbuckle testify as a sign of guilt  After five days and over forty hours of deliberation, the jury returned on February 3, deadlocked with a 10–2 majority in favour of conviction, resulting in another mistrial 

Third trial
By the time of Arbuckle's third trial, his films had been banned, and newspapers had been filled for the past seven months with stories of Hollywood orgies, murder, and sexual perversion  Delmont was touring the country giving one-woman shows as, "The woman who signed the murder charge against Arbuckle", and lecturing on the evils of Hollywood 
The third trial began March 13, 1922, and this time the defense took no chances  McNab took an aggressive defense, completely tearing apart the prosecution's case with long and aggressive examination and cross-examination of each witness  McNab also managed to get in still more evidence about Rappe's lurid past and medical history  Another hole in the prosecution's case was opened because Prevon, a key witness, was out of the country after fleeing police custody and unable to testify  As in the first trial, Arbuckle testified as the final witness and again maintained his denials in his heartfelt testimony about his version of the events at the party  Buster Keaton is said to have been in the courtroom and provided important evidence to prove Arbuckle's innocence; Delmont was involved in prostitution, extortion, and blackmail  During closing statements, McNab reviewed how flawed the case was against Arbuckle from the very start and how Brady fell for the outlandish charges of Delmont, whom McNab described as "the complaining witness who never witnessed"  The jury began deliberations April 12 and took only six minutes to return with a unanimous not-guilty verdict; five of those minutes were spent writing a formal statement of apology to Arbuckle for putting him through the ordeal, a dramatic move in American justice  The jury statement as read by the jury foreman stated:

Acquittal is not enough for Roscoe Arbuckle  We feel that a great injustice has been done him  We feel also that it was only our plain duty to give him this exoneration, under the evidence, for there was not the slightest proof adduced to connect him in any way with the commission of a crime  He was manly throughout the case and told a straightforward story on the witness stand, which we all believed  The happening at the hotel was an unfortunate affair for which Arbuckle, so the evidence shows, was in no way responsible  We wish him success and hope that the American people will take the judgment of fourteen men and woman who have sat listening for thirty-one days to evidence, that Roscoe Arbuckle is entirely innocent and free from all blame 
After the reading of the apology statement, the jury foreman personally handed the statement to Arbuckle, who kept it as a treasured memento for the rest of his life  Then, one by one, the 12-person jury plus the two jury alternates walked up to Arbuckle's defense table, where they shook his hand and/or embraced and personally apologized to him  The entire jury proudly posed with Arbuckle for photographers after the verdict and apology Some experts later concluded that Rappe's bladder might also have ruptured as a result of an abortion she might have had a short time before the fateful party  Her organs had been destroyed and it was now impossible to test for pregnancy  Because alcohol was consumed at the party, Arbuckle was forced to plead guilty to one count of violating the Volstead Act and had to pay a $500 fine  At the time of his acquittal, he owed over $700,000 (equivalent to approximately $12,200,000 in 2022 dollars) in legal fees to his attorneys for the three criminal trials, and he was forced to sell his house and all of his cars to pay some of the debt The scandal and trials had greatly damaged Arbuckle's popularity among the general public  In spite of the acquittal and the apology, his reputation was not restored and the effects of the scandal continued  Will H  Hays, who served as the head of the newly formed Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) censor board, cited Arbuckle as an example of the poor morals in Hollywood  On April 18, 1922, six days after Arbuckle's acquittal, Hays banned him from ever working in U S  movies again  He had also requested that all showings and bookings of Arbuckle films be canceled, and exhibitors complied  In December of the same year, under public pressure, Hays elected to lift the ban  However, Arbuckle was still unable to secure work as an actor Most exhibitors still declined to show Arbuckle's films, several of which now have no copies known to have survived intact  One of Arbuckle's feature-length films known to survive is Leap Year, which Paramount declined to release in the U S  owing to the scandal  It was eventually released in Europe  With Arbuckle's films now banned, in March 1922 Keaton signed an agreement to give Arbuckle thirty-five percent of all future profits from his production company, Buster Keaton Comedies, in hopes of easing his financial situation 

Aftermath
In November 1923, Minta Durfee filed for divorce from Arbuckle, charging grounds of desertion  The divorce was granted the following January  They had been separated since 1921, though Durfee always claimed he was the nicest man in the world and they were still friends  After a brief reconciliation, Durfee again filed for divorce, this time while in Paris, in December 1924  Arbuckle married Doris Deane on May 16, 1925 Arbuckle tried returning to filmmaking, but industry resistance to distributing his pictures continued to linger after his acquittal  He retreated into alcoholism  In the words of his first wife, "Roscoe only seemed to find solace and comfort in a bottle"  Keaton attempted to help Arbuckle by giving him work on his films  Arbuckle wrote the story for a Keaton short called Day Dreams (1922)  Arbuckle allegedly co-directed scenes in Keaton's Sherlock Jr  (1924), but it is unclear how much of this footage remained in the film's final cut  In 1925, Carter DeHaven's short Character Studies, shot before the scandal, was released  Arbuckle appeared alongside Keaton, Harold Lloyd, Rudolph Valentino, Douglas Fairbanks, and Jackie Coogan  The same year, in Photoplay's August issue, James R  Quirk wrote: "I would like to see Roscoe Arbuckle make a comeback to the screen " He also said: "The American nation prides itself upon its spirit of fair play  We like the whole world to look upon America as the place where every man gets a square deal  Are you sure Roscoe Arbuckle is getting one today? I'm not "

William Goodrich pseudonym
Eventually, Arbuckle worked as a director under the pseudonym "William Goodrich"  Author David Yallop cites Arbuckle's father's full name as William Goodrich Arbuckle as the inspiration behind the alias  Another tale credits Keaton, an inveterate punster, with suggesting that Arbuckle become a director under the alias "Will B  Good"  The pun being too obvious, Arbuckle adopted the more formal pseudonym "William Goodrich"  Keaton himself told this story during a recorded interview with Kevin Brownlow in the 1960s Between 1924 and 1932, Arbuckle directed a number of comedy shorts under the pseudonym for Educational Pictures, which featured lesser-known comics of the day  Louise Brooks, who played the ingenue in Windy Riley Goes Hollywood (1931), told Brownlow of her experiences in working with Arbuckle:

He made no attempt to direct this picture  He just sat in his director's chair like a dead man  He had been very nice and sweetly dead ever since the scandal that ruined his career  But it was such an amazing thing for me to come in to make this broken-down picture, and to find my director was the great Roscoe Arbuckle  Oh, I thought he was magnificent in films  He was a wonderful dancer—a wonderful ballroom dancer, in his heyday  It was like floating in the arms of a huge doughnut—really delightful 
Among the more visible directorial projects under the Goodrich pseudonym was the Eddie Cantor feature Special Delivery (1927), which was released by Paramount and co-starred William Powell and Jobyna Ralston  His highest-profile project was arguably The Red Mill, also released in 1927, a Marion Davies vehicle 

Roscoe Arbuckle's Plantation Café
Arbuckle and Dan Coombs, one of Culver City's first mayors, re-opened the Plantation Club near the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios on Washington Boulevard as Roscoe Arbuckle's Plantation Café on August 2, 1928  By 1930, Arbuckle sold his interest and it became known as George Olsen's Plantation Café, later The Plantation Trailer Court and then Foreman Phillips County Barn Dance 

Second divorce and third marriage
In 1929, Doris Deane sued for divorce from Arbuckle in Los Angeles, charging desertion and cruelty  On June 21, 1932, Roscoe married Addie Oakley Dukes McPhail (later Addie Oakley Sheldon, 1905–2003) in Erie, Pennsylvania 

Brief comeback and death
In 1932, Arbuckle signed a contract with Warner Bros  to star under his own name in a series of six two-reel comedies, to be filmed at the Vitaphone studios in Brooklyn, New York  These six short films constitute the only recordings of Arbuckle's voice  Silent-film comedian Al St  John (Arbuckle's nephew) and actors Lionel Stander and Shemp Howard appeared with Arbuckle  One of the films (How've You Bean?) had grocery-store gags reminiscent of Arbuckle's 1917 short The Butcher Boy, with vaudeville comic Fritz Hubert as his assistant, dressed like Buster Keaton  The Vitaphone shorts were very successful in America, although when Warner Bros  attempted to release the first one (Hey, Pop!) in the United Kingdom, the British Board of Film Censors cited the ten-year-old scandal and refused to grant an exhibition certificate On June 28, 1933, Arbuckle had finished filming the last of the two-reelers (four of which had already been released)  The next day he signed a contract with Warner Bros  to star in a feature-length film  That night he went out with friends to celebrate his first wedding anniversary and the new Warner Bros  contract when he reportedly said: "This is the best day of my life " He suffered a heart attack later that night and died in his sleep  He was 46  His widow Addie requested that his body be cremated, as that was Arbuckle's wish 

Legacy
Many of Arbuckle's films, including the feature The Life of the Party (1920), survive only as worn prints with foreign-language inter-titles  As with most American films produced during the silent era, little or no effort was made to preserve original negatives and prints during Hollywood's first two decades, making most films that included him  lost media or lost films  However, it is likely that due to the reputation Arbuckle received around the rape and death of Virginia Rappe, that many studios wished to avoid any negative backlash and purposely destroyed any surviving films which he had a starring role in 
 By the early 21st century, some of Arbuckle's short subjects (particularly those co-starring Chaplin or Keaton) had been restored, released on DVD, and even screened theatrically  His early influence on American slapstick comedy is widely recognised For his contributions to the film industry, in 1960, some 27 years after his death, Arbuckle was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6701 Hollywood Boulevard 

In popular culture
Neil Sedaka refers to Arbuckle, along with Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Stan Laurel, and Oliver Hardy in his 1971 song "Silent Movies", as heard on his Emergence album The James Ivory film The Wild Party (1975) has been repeatedly but incorrectly cited as a film dramatization of the Arbuckle–Rappe scandal  In fact it is loosely based on the 1926 poem by Joseph Moncure March  In this film, James Coco portrays a heavy-set silent film comedian named Jolly Grimm whose career is on the skids, but who is desperately planning a comeback  Raquel Welch portrays his mistress, who ultimately goads him into shooting her  This film was loosely based on the misconceptions surrounding the Arbuckle scandal, yet it bears almost no resemblance to the documented facts of the case In Ken Russell's 1977 biopic Valentino, Rudolph Nureyev as a pre-movie star Rudolph Valentino dances in a nightclub before a grossly overweight, obnoxious, and hedonistic celebrity called "Mr  Fatty" (played by William Hootkins), a caricature of Arbuckle rooted in the public view of him created in popular press coverage of the Rappe rape trial  In the scene, Valentino picks up starlet Jean Acker (played by Carol Kane) off a table in which she is sitting in front of Fatty and dances with her, enraging the spoiled star, who becomes apoplectic Before his death in 1997, comedian Chris Farley expressed interest in starring as Arbuckle in a biography film  According to the 2008 biography The Chris Farley Show: A Biography in Three Acts, Farley and screenwriter David Mamet agreed to work together on what would have been Farley's first dramatic role  In 2007, director Kevin Connor planned a film, The Life of the Party, based on Arbuckle's life  It was to star Chris Kattan and Preston Lacy  However, the project was shelved  Like Farley, comedians John Belushi and John Candy also considered playing Arbuckle, but each of them died before a biopic was made  Farley's film was signed with Vince Vaughn as his co-star In April and May 2006, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City mounted a 56-film, month-long retrospective of all of Arbuckle's known surviving work, running the entire series twice Arbuckle is the subject of a 2004 novel titled I, Fatty by author Jerry Stahl  The Day the Laughter Stopped by David Yallop and Frame-Up! The Untold Story of Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle by Andy Edmonds are other books on Arbuckle's life  The 1963 novel Scandal in Eden by Garet Rogers is a fictionalized version of the Arbuckle scandal Fatty Arbuckle's was an American-themed restaurant chain in the UK named after Arbuckle The 2009 novel Devil's Garden is based on the Arbuckle trials  The main character in the story is Dashiell Hammett, a Pinkerton detective in San Francisco at the time of the trials NOFX's 2012 album Self Entitled has a song called "I, Fatty" about Arbuckle The 2021 French graphic novel Fatty : le premier roi d'Hollywood, by Nadar and Julien Frey, portrays the period from Arbuckle's early days in Hollywood to his death 

Filmography
See also
List of actors with Hollywood Walk of Fame motion picture stars
List of American comedy films

Notes
Passage 6:
Special Delivery (1927 film)
Special Delivery is a 1927 American silent comedy film directed by Roscoe Arbuckle starring Eddie Cantor, Jobyna Ralston and William Powell  It was written by Cantor, John F  Goodrich, and George Marion Jr  (with Larry Semon, uncredited)  It was released by Paramount Pictures  The film's copyright was renewed in 1954, so it entered the public domain in the United States on January 1, 2023 

Plot
Eddie, a mailman, is in love with waitress Madge but finds amongst his rivals for her affections the dishonest promoter Harold Jones  Eddie, who cannot dance, impresses Madge at the postal ball by his energetic performance of the Black Bottom after a piece of ice falls down his shirt and wins a cup  He eventually unmasks Harold as a crooked swindler 

Cast
Eddie Cantor as Eddie, The Mail Carrier
Jobyna Ralston as Madge, The Girl
William Powell as Harold Jones
Donald Keith as Harrigan, The Fireman
Jack Dougherty as Flannigan, a cop
Victor Potel as Nip, a detective
Paul Kelly as Tuck, another detective
Mary Carr as The Mother
Marilyn Cantor Baker as Extra (uncredited) (as Marilyn Cantor)
Marjorie Cantor as Extra (uncredited)
Tiny Doll as Baby on Eddie's Route (uncredited)
Robert Livingston as Extra at Postal Ball (uncredited)
Natalie Cantor Metzger as Extra (uncredited) (as Natalie Cantor)
Spec O'Donnell as Office Boy (uncredited)

See also
Fatty Arbuckle filmography
Passage 7:
Mario Camus
Mario Camus García (20 April 1935 – 18 September 2021) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter  He won the  Golden Bear at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival with La colmena  His 1987 film The House of Bernarda Alba was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival and in the main competition at the 15th Moscow International Film Festival  His 1993 film Shadows in a Conflict was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival 

Filmography
Passage 8:
Special Delivery (1955 film)
Special Delivery (German: Vom Himmel gefallen) is a 1955 American–West German comedy film, directed by John Brahm  It stars Joseph Cotten and Eva Bartok  Special Delivery was filmed simultaneously in an English- and German-language version 

Plot
Somewhere behind the Iron Curtain, mid 1950s  John Adams is a US embassy chargé d'affaires in a communist country in Eastern Europe  One day he has to deal with a very special case: in the front yard of the embassy, a baby has been laid down, as if it had "fallen from heaven"! Nobody knows how it got there, nobody saw the person who put it there  A found object in the front yard of the embassy is not all that unusual, because many a person persecuted by the regime has thrown something over the embassy fence so that it does not fall into the hands of the communist cultural barbarians  For the embassy, with its six exclusively male employees, the baby poses a serious problem: what to do? The government of the Eastern European country immediately demands the extradition of the young "citizen" and immediately sends a stubborn state representative, Comrade Kovacs  Adams, on the other hand, decides to stonewall and not hand the baby over to the communists  In order to ensure the care of the little one, who is simply called Sam after Uncle Sam, the host country also provides its own nanny  Sonja Novaswobida, as she is called, is also supposed to collect further information on site on behalf of her government 
Due to mutual distrust, the men's relationships with the Eastern European state employee initially ranged from difficult to cold, especially since Kovacs turned out to be a particularly tough opponent for Ambassador Adams  He insists on returning the baby to the country as a kind of public property  Adams, however, wants to hand over just that, and instead, with some ironic ulterior motive, gives Adams another find that someone had thrown over the embassy's bridle: a supposedly ingenious, modern musical score that Kovacs plays the piano reluctantly at first, but then enthusiastically after realizing it must, how little the Americans can do with such modern music  Trust in one another begins to develop slowly  Tensions between the two governments are only resolved when the little one's parents are located  They are Olaf, the embassy's Swedish cook, and a woman from the host country who used to work here  Ambassador Adams now ensures in no time at all that marriage papers are issued to the parents, so that the toddler is considered a Swedish citizen and can leave the communist country with the parents in the direction of freedom  Adams' relationship with Sonja also soon goes beyond the purely official: both eventually become a couple 

Cast
Joseph Cotten as John Adams
Eva Bartok as Sonja
Bob Cunningham as Captain Heinikan
René Deltgen as Kovak
Gert Fröbe as Olaf
Bruni Löbel as Lila
Ursula Herking as Madame Debrov

Production
It was filmed simultaneously in English- and German-language versions 

See also
1955 in film
List of comedy films of the 1950s
List of German films 1945–1959
Passage 9:
Sepideh Farsi
Sepideh Farsi (Persian: سپیده فارسی; born 1965) is an Iranian director 

Early years
Farsi left Iran in 1984 and went to Paris to study mathematics   However, eventually she was drawn to the visual arts and initially experimented in photography before making her first short films  A main theme of her works is identity  She still visits Tehran each year 

Awards/Recognition
Farsi was a Member of the Jury of the Locarno International Film Festival in Best First Feature in 2009  She won the FIPRESCI Prize (2002), Cinéma du Réel and Traces de Vie prize (2001) for "Homi D  Sethna, filmmaker" and Best documentary prize in Festival dei Popoli (2007) for "HARAT" 

Recent News
One of her latest films is called Tehran Bedoune Mojavez (Tehran Without Permission)   The 83-minute documentary shows life in Iran's crowded capital city of Tehran, facing international sanctions over its nuclear ambitions and experiencing civil unrest   It was shot entirely with a Nokia camera phone because of the government restrictions over shooting a film   The film shows various aspects of city life including following women at the hairdressers talking of the latest fads, young men speaking of drugs, prostitution and other societal problems, and the Iranian rapper “Hichkas”   The  dialogue is in Persian with English and Arabic subtitles  In December 2009, Tehran Without Permission was shown at the Dubai International Film Festival 

Filmography
Red Rose (2014)
Cloudy Greece (2013)
Zire Âb / The house under the water (2010)
Tehran bedoune mojavez / Tehran without permission (2009)
If it were Icarus (2008)
Harat (2007)
Negah / The Gaze (2006)
Khab-e khak / Dreams of Dust (2003)
Safar-e Maryam / The journey of Maryam (2002)
Mardan-e Atash / Men of Fire (2001)
Homi D  Sethna, filmmaker (2000)
Donya khaneye man ast / The world is my home (1999)
Khabe Âb / Water dreams (1997)
Bâd-e shomal / Northwind (1993)
Passage 10:
Special Delivery (2002 film)
Special Delivery (French: C'est le bouquet !) is a 2002 French comedy film directed by Jeanne Labrune 

Cast
Sandrine Kiberlain - Catherine
Jean-Pierre Darroussin - Raphaël
Dominique Blanc - Edith
Mathieu Amalric - Stéphane
Jean-Claude Brialy - Robert Fresnel
Maurice Bénichou - Antoine
Hélène Lapiower - Alice
Dominique Besnehard - Laurent
Richard Debuisne - Emmanuel Kirsch
Gisèle Casadesus - The lady
Didier Bezace - The theater director
László Szabó - The guardian
Lise Lamétrie - The maid



ground_truth: The Wind'S Fierce

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the performer of song Feelin' Myself (Nipsey Hussle Song) born?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  William's great-grandfather John Paulet acquired the Hampshire estates by his marriage with Constance Poynings, granddaughter and coheiress of Thomas Poynings, 5th Baron St John of Basing; his barony became abeyant upon his death in 1428/1429 
William Paulet was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1512, 1519, 1523, and again in 1527  Knighted before the end of 1525, he was appointed Master of the King's Wards in November 1526 and appeared in the Privy Council in the same year 

Marriage and issue
He married Elizabeth (d  25 December 1558), daughter of Sir William Capel, Lord Mayor of London in 1503, and by her had four sons and four daughters:
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester
Thomas
Chidiock Paulet (also spelled Chidiok, Chediok, Chidieok, or Chidiock), governor of Southampton under Mary and Elizabeth
Giles
Alice, married Richard Stawell, of Cotherston, Somerset
Margaret, married Sir William Berkeley
Margery, married Sir Richard Waller, of Oldstoke, Hampshire
Eleanor (died 26 September 1558), married Sir Richard Pecksall (died 1571) of Beaurepaire, Hampshire, hereditary Master of the Buckhounds 

Career as a national statesman
During his long career Paulet held numerous offices, which included:
High Sheriff of Hampshire 1511–12, 1518–19 and 1522–23
Joint Master of the King's Wards 1526–34 and sole Master of the King's Wards 1534–40
Member of Parliament for Hampshire 1529–36
Comptroller of the Household 1532–37
Keeper of Pamber Forest 1535/6
Treasurer of the Household 1537–38/9
Master of the King's Woods 1541
Master of the Court of Wards 1540–42
Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries 1542–54
Privy Counsellor 1542
Lord Chamberlain of the Household 1543–45
Lord Steward of the Household 1545-1549/50
Chief Justice in Eyre, South of Trent 1545–49/50
Lord President of the Council 1546–49
Joint Governor of King Edward VI
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 1547
Keeper and Captain of St Andrew's Castle, Hamble 1547–71/2
Keeper of Alice Holt and Woolmer Forests 1548–71/2
Lord High Treasurer 1549/50–71/2
Lord High Steward for the trial of the Duke of Somerset 1551
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1552, 1553 and 1559
Lieutenant of the forces in London 1558
Speaker of the House of Lords 1558 and 1566
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Middlesex 1569
Joint Lord Lieutenant of London 1569Paulet's political career began in 1529, when he was elected knight of the shire for Hampshire  In 1532, he accompanied King Henry VIII to Calais, France, and the following spring, he accompanied the Duke of Norfolk to join King Francis I of France in a proposed audience with the Pope, to discuss Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon  In 1536, he was granted the keepership of Pamber Forest, and on 9 March 1539 was created Baron St John  He became steward of the bishopric of Winchester, and became a close associate of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and a friend of Thomas Cromwell  He was also Comptroller of the Royal Household, and held many other high positions 
In 1535 and 1536, he served as one of the judges for the trials of John Fisher, Sir Thomas More, and the alleged accomplices of Anne Boleyn; in 1535, he became Lord Chamberlain  He partially led the royal forces against the Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion that broke out in the autumn of 1536, and in 1538, he became Treasurer of the Household  In 1540, he became the master of Henry's Court of Wards and Liveries, a Knight of the Garter in 1543, and Governor of Portsmouth and Lord Steward of the Household in 1545  In 1546, he became Lord President of the Council, and in 1547, he was an executor of the will of King Henry VIII He continued his political manoeuvres in 1549 by supporting the Earl of Warwick against the Duke of Somerset—in reward, on 19 January 1550 he was given the Earldom of Wiltshire and Somerset's position of Lord Treasurer  In the following month Warwick took over the post of Lord President of the Council  When Warwick was created Duke of Northumberland on 11 October 1551, Paulet received the Marquessate of Winchester  Six weeks later, he served as Lord High Steward in the Duke of Somerset's trial 
It was said that Northumberland and Winchester "ruled the court" of the minor King Edward VI  Mary I affirmed him in all of his positions  After her death, he remained Lord Treasurer and retained many of his other positions, and even at an advanced age (in 1559, he was over seventy years old), he showed no signs of declining—he was Speaker of the House of Lords in 1559 and 1566  He remained in good standing with the English monarchs—Queen Elizabeth once joked, "for, by my troth, if my lord treasurer were but a young man, I could find it in my heart to have him for a husband before any man in England " Late in life, he opposed any military support of Continental Protestantism, as he feared it would cause a breach with strongly Catholic Spain 
Paulet enjoyed a remarkably long career during the Reformation  Starting out as a Catholic, he was quickly persuaded to see things Henry's way once the breach with Rome had been decided on  He was rewarded with former Church properties following the dissolution of the monasteries  Under Edward VI he became an evangelical Protestant and persecuted Roman Catholics and Henrician Conservatives alike  On the accession of the Catholic Mary he announced his reconversion and commenced persecuting his former Protestant co-religionists, even denouncing Bishop Bonner for "laxity in prosecuting the heretics " His wife also found favour with Mary  On Tuesday 21 August 1554, when Mary went into Westminster Abbey her train was carried by Elizabeth, Marchioness of Winchester and Anne of Cleves On Elizabeth's succession, he once again shifted his sails and became an advocate of middle-road Anglicanism  All in all, he professed five changes in religious course  Once, when asked how he managed to survive so many storms, not only unhurt, but rising all the while, Paulet answered: "By being a willow, not an oak" 

Death
Paulet was still in office when he died on 10 March 1572, a very old man, at Basing House, which he held to rebuild and fortify  His tomb is on the south side of the chancel of Basing church 
Passage 9:
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester (c  1598 – 5 March 1675), styled Lord John Paulet until 1621 and Lord St John from 1621 to 1628, was the third but eldest surviving son of William Paulet and his successor as 5th Marquess of Winchester 

Life
He kept terms at Exeter College, Oxford, but as a Roman Catholic could not matriculate  He sat for St Ives from 1620 to 1622  Staying away to recover his family fortune for most of the 1630s, he returned and presented himself to the court and the king in 1639  The fifth Marquess and the Queen became firm friends thereafter, and therefore his chief seat, Basing House, was the great resort of Queen Henrietta Maria's friends in southwest England On the outbreak of the English Civil War, he fortified and garrisoned Basing House and held it for Charles I during 1643 and 1644  The siege of Basing House, notwithstanding an attempt of his youngest brother, Lord Edward Paulet, to deliver it up to the enemy, lasted from August 1643 to 16 October 1645, when, during the general decline of the Royal cause, it was taken by storm, after a determined defence, by Oliver Cromwell  The brutality with which the house was sacked was most unusual, as atrocities against civilians during the Civil War were rare and generally discouraged by both sides: the explanation may be the presence of a number of Catholic priests among the defenders  Paulet was subsequently renowned as a great loyalist The Marquess was made prisoner with such of his garrison as survived the fight; ten pieces of ordnance and much ammunition were also taken by the victors, as Oliver Cromwell himself, who directed the assault, wrote to the Speaker He was committed to the Tower of London on a charge of high treason in 1645, where he remained a long time; an order was made for allowing him 5l  a week out of his property on 15 Jan 1646  Lady Winchester, who had escaped from Basing two days before its fall, was sent to join her husband in the Tower on 31 Jan, and a weekly sum of 10l , afterwards increased to 15l , was ordered to be paid her for the support of herself and her children, with the stipulation that the latter were to be educated as Protestants  An ordinance for the sale of Winchester's land was passed on 30 Oct, and by the act of 16 July 1651, a portion was sold by the trustees for the sale of forfeited estates  On 7 September 1647 Winchester was allowed to drink the waters at Epsom, and stayed there by permission of parliament for nearly six months  The House of Lords on 30 June 1648 urged the commons to release him on bail in consideration of his bad health  In the propositions sent to the king at the Isle of Wight on 13 October, it was expressly stipulated that Winchester's name be excepted from pardon  Ultimately the commons resolved on 14 March 1649 not to proceed against him for high treason, but they ordered him to be detained in prison and excepted from any composition for his estate  In January 1656 he was a prisoner in execution in the upper bench for debts amounting to 2,000l , and he petitioned Cromwell for relief  The sale of his lands was discontinued by order of parliament on 15 March 1660, and after the Restoration Winchester received them back  It was proposed on 3 August 1660 to recompense him for his losses to the amount of 19,000l  and damages, subsequently reduced to 10,000l , and this was agreed to on 2 July 1661  In the event he was allowed to go unrecompensed at the Restoration of the Monarchy, but regained his lands 

Marriages and issue
He married as his first wife:
Jane Savage, daughter of Thomas Savage, 1st Viscount Savage of Rocksavage, on 18 December 1622, and by her had a son:Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton, born c  1630
Jane died in childbirth in 1631, prompting an epitaph by John MiltonHe married as his second wife:

Honora de Burgh, born c  1605, daughter of Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde and Frances Walsingham, in around 1645 and by her, had a daughter:Anne, died c  September 1694, married John Belasyse, 1st Baron BelasyseHe married as his third wife:

Isabel Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford and Mary Stafford, sister of the 5th Baron Stafford, in 1669 

Death
He retired to Englefield House in Berkshire, which was a wedding gift from his second marriage to Lady Honora de Burgh in the early 1630s  He died on 5 March 1674 and was buried at Englefield, Berkshire  Paulet was succeeded, by his eldest son, Charles Paulet, as 6th Marquess of Winchester, later created 1st Duke of Bolton  Charles converted to the Church of England, a great blow to the Roman Catholic community of Hampshire, who had for many years looked to the Paulet family to shield them from the worst rigours of the Penal Laws 

Footnotes
Attribution This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage" by Edmund Lodge (1859)
 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Goodwin, Gordon (1895)  "Paulet, John"    In Lee, Sidney (ed )  Dictionary of National Biography  Vol  44  London: Smith, Elder & Co  pp  90–92 

Sources
External links
John Paulet, Marquess of Winchester A family tree
Royal Berkshire History: John Paulet
Portraits of John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester at the National Portrait Gallery, London 
John Paulet
History of Basing House
Passage 10:
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester (c  1510 – 4 November 1576), styled The Honourable John Paulet between 1539 and 1550, Lord St John between 1550 and 1551 and Earl of Wiltshire between 1551 and 1555, was an English peer  He was the eldest son of William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester and Elizabeth Capel 

Career
John Paulet was knighted by Henry VIII at Boulogne on 30 September 1544  After the death of Edward VI he was (with his father) one of the signatories to the settlement of the Crown on Lady Jane Grey of 16 June 1553, although he later changed his allegiance to Queen Mary  He was styled Lord St John from 1550 to 1572  He was summoned to Parliament on 3 October 1554 in one of his father's baronies as Lord St John  He was one of the Peers at the trial of the Duke of Norfolk on 16 January 1572  He succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester on 10 March 1572 The offices he held during his career included:
High Sheriff of Hampshire 1533–34
High Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset 1543–44
Steward of Canford castle 1549/50
Constable of Corfe Castle 1549/50
Lord Lieutenant of Dorset 1557
Governor of the Isle of Wight 1558
Keeper of St Andrew's Castle, Hamble 1572–1576

Marriages and issue
Paulet was married three times:
He married as his first wife, by 20 October 1528, Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke by his second wife, Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, and by her had four sons and two daughters:William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester (c  1532 – 24 November 1598)
George Paulet
Richard Paulet
Thomas Paulet
Elizabeth Paulet, married firstly Sir William Courtenay of Powderham and secondly Sir Henry Ughtred
Mary Paulet (died 10 October 1592), married Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron CromwellHe married secondly, between 10 March and 24 April 1554, Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth, and widow of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell 
He married thirdly, before 30 September 1568, Winifred, widow of Sir Richard Sackville, and daughter of John Brydges, a former Lord Mayor of London  He succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester in 1572 

Death
John Paulet died at Chelsea on 4 November 1576 and was buried in St  Mary's Church, Basing, Hampshire  His widow, Winifred, died at Chelsea in 1586 and was buried in Westminster Abbey 



ground_truth: Crenshaw