prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who was born later, Hugh Evelyn Wortham or Johnny Ekström?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Hugh Evelyn Wortham
Hugh Evelyn Wortham (7 May 1884 – 9 July 1959), best known as H  E  Wortham was an English biographer, journalist, music critic and writer 
Wortham was educated at King's College, Cambridge and received an MA in 1921  He worked as a foreign correspondent, editor and journalist in Egypt, 1909–1919  From 1934 up until his death he wrote articles in the 'London Day by Day' column under the pseudonym 'Peterborough' in The Daily Telegraph Wortham was the nephew of Oscar Browning  In June 1923 Browning sent a letter to Wortham requesting him to write a biography about his life  In 1927, he authored a biography of Browning  It was reprinted and revised in 1956 under the title Victorian Eton and Cambridge: Being the Life and Times of Oscar Browning 

Publications
A Musical Odyssey (1924)
Oscar Browning (1927)
Mustapha Kemal of Turkey (1930)
Three Women: St  Teresa, Madame de Choiseul, Mrs  Eddy (1930)
Edward VII, Man and King (1931)
The Delightful Profession: Edward VII, a Study in Kingship (1931)
Chinese Gordon (1933)
Gordon: An Intimate Portrait (1933)
Victorian Eton and Cambridge: Being the Life and Times of Oscar Browning (1956)
Passage 2:
John Metgod
Johannes Anthonius Bernardus Metgod (born 27 February 1958) is a Dutch former professional footballer who works as assistant manager of United Arab Emirates 

Club career
Playing as a centre-back, Metgod started his professional career in the 1970s playing for HFC Haarlem  After one season with Haarlem, he moved to play for AZ Alkmaar, spending six years at the club, including their UEFA Cup final defeat against English side Ipswich Town, during which he scored a goal in the 4–2 second leg win 
In 1982, Metgod moved to Spain to play for Real Madrid  He then moved to England in 1984 to sign for Nottingham Forest, where he was a regular player for three seasons before signing for Tottenham Hotspur in 1987  He spent just one season with the North London club before he moved back to the Netherlands, where he signed for Feyenoord  He spent six years at Feyenoord before finally retiring as a player in 1994 

International career
Metgod won 21 caps for the Netherlands national team, scoring four goals 

Style of play
Metgod was noted for his free-kicks, particularly during his spell at Nottingham Forest 

Coaching career
After retiring Metgod became a coach, working for Excelsior Rotterdam and Feyenoord 
On 11 November 2008, Metgod was appointed first team coach by Portsmouth, but left the club on 8 February 2009 when manager Tony Adams was sacked On 21 May 2009, Metgod was appointed as a first team coach at Derby County, but left the club in October 2013 along with the rest of the coaching staff, following the dismissal of manager Nigel Clough In January 2014, Metgod was appointed as an assistant at Colorado Rapids 
In July 2014, Metgod was appointed as a scout at Brighton & Hove Albion 
On 1 July 2015, Metgod was appointed as a technical manager at ADO Den Haag and left in June 2016 
On 10 April 2017, Metgod was added to the staff at Granada CF by trainer Tony Adams, but left the club in May 2017 when manager Adams was sacked 
On 8 January 2018, Metgod was added to the staff at Nottingham Forest by trainer Aitor Karanka, but left the club on 10 January 2019 when manager Aitor Karanka resigned as coach  However, he continued at the club as a part of the board 
On 21 March 2019, he left Nottingham to become the assistant manager of United Arab Emirates national football team 

Personal life
Metgod was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands  Metgod's son, Dimitri, is also a professional footballer, playing as midfielder, whereas John's younger brother, Edward, is a retired goalkeeper 

Honours
AZ

Eredivisie: 1980–81: runner-up 1979–80
KNVB Cup: 1977–78, 1981, 1981–82
UEFA Cup: runner-up 1980–81Real Madrid

La Liga: runner-up 1982–83, 1983–84
Copa del Rey: runner-up 1982–83
Supercopa de España: runner-up 1982
Copa de la Liga: runner-up 1982–83
European Cup Winners' Cup: runner-up 1983Feyenoord

Eredivisie: 1992–93; runner-up 1993–94
KNVB Cup: 1990–91, 1992, 1993–94
Johan Cruijff Shield: 1991
Passage 3:
W  Augustus Barratt
W  Augustus Barratt (3 June 1873 – 12 April 1947) was a Scottish-born, later American, songwriter and musician 

Early life and songs
Walter Augustus Barratt was born 3 June 1873 in Kilmarnock, the son of composer John Barratt; the family later lived in Paisley  In 1893 he won a scholarship for composition to the Royal College of Music 
In his early twenties he contributed to The Scottish Students' Song Book, with three of his own song compositions and numerous arrangements 
By the end of 1897 he had published dozens of songs, such as Sir Patrick Spens, The Death of Cuthullin, an album of his own compositions, and arrangements of ten songs by Samuel Lover 
He then, living in London, turned his attention to staged musical comedy, co-creating, with Adrian Ross, The Tree Dumas Skiteers, a skit, based on Sydney Grundy's The Musketeers that starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree  He co-composed with Howard Talbot the successful Kitty Grey (1900) He continued to write songs and to receive recognition for them  The 1901 and 1902 BBC Promenade Concerts, "The Proms", included four of his compositions, namely Come back, sweet Love, The Mermaid, My Peggy and Private Donald 
His setting of My Ships, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, was performed by Clara Butt and republished several times  It also appeared four times, with different singers, in the 1913 and 1914 Proms 

America
In September 1904 he went to live in New York City, finding employment with shows on Broadway, including the following roles:

on-stage actor (Sir Benjamin Backbite) in Lady Teazle (1904-1905), a musical version of The School for Scandal;
musical director of The Little Michus (1907), also featuring songs by Barratt;
co-composer of Miss Pocahontas (1907), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Love Cure (1909–1910), a musical romance;
composer of The Girl and the Drummer (1910), a musical romance with book by George Broadhurst  Tried out in Chicago and elsewhere, it did not do well and never reached Broadway;
musical director of The Quaker Girl (1911–1912);
co-composer and musical director of My Best Girl (1912);
musical director of The Sunshine Girl (1913);
musical director of The Girl who Smiles (1915), a musical comedy;
musical director and contributor to music and lyrics of Her Soldier Boy (1916–1917);
composer, lyricist and musical director of Fancy Free (1918), with book by Dorothy Donnelly and Edgar Smith;
contributor of a song to The Passing Show of 1918;
composer and musical director of Little Simplicity (1918), with book and lyrics by Rida Johnson Young;
contributor of lyrics to The Melting of Molly (1918–1919), a musical comedy;
musical director of What's in a Name? (1920), a musical revue

1921 in London
Though domiciled in the US, he made several visits back to England  During an extended stay in 1921 he played a major part in the creation of two shows, both produced by Charles B  Cochran, namely

League of Notions, at the New Oxford Theatre, for which he composed the music and co-wrote, with John Murray Anderson, the lyrics;
Fun of the Fayre, at the London Pavilion, for which similarly he wrote the music and co-wrote the lyrics

Back to Broadway
Back in the US he returned to Broadway, working as
composer and lyricist of Jack and Jill (1923), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Silver Swan (1929), a musical romance

Radio plays
In later years he wrote plays and operettas mostly for radio, such as:

Snapshots: a radioperetta (1929)
Sushannah and the Brush Wielders: a play in 1 act (1929)
The Magic Voice: a radio series (1933)
Men of Action: a series of radio sketches (1933)
Say, Uncle: a radio series (1933)
Sealed Orders: a radio drama (1934)
Sergeant Gabriel (with Hugh Abercrombie) (1945)

Personal
In 1897 in London he married Lizzie May Stoner  They had one son  In 1904 he emigrated to the US and lived in New York City  His first marriage ended in divorce in 1915 and, in 1918, he married Ethel J Moore, who was American  In 1924, he became a naturalized American citizen  He died on 12 April 1947 in New York City 

Note on his first name
The book British Musical Biography by Brown & Stratton (1897) in its entry for John Barratt refers to "his son William Augustus Barratt" with details that make it clear that Walter Augustus Barratt is the same person and that a "William" Augustus Barratt is a mistake  For professional purposes up to about 1900 he appears to have written as "W  Augustus Barratt", and thereafter mostly as simply "Augustus Barratt" 
Passage 4:
John Littlejohn
John Wesley Funchess (April 16, 1931 – February 1, 1994) known professionally as John (or Johnny) Littlejohn, was an American electric blues slide guitarist  He was active on the Chicago blues circuit from the 1950s to the 1980s 

Biography
Born in Lake, Mississippi, Littlejohn first learned to play the blues from Henry Martin, a friend of his father's  In 1946 he left home and traveled widely, spending time in Jackson, Mississippi; Arkansas; Rochester, New York; and Gary, Indiana  He settled in Gary in 1951, playing whenever possible in the nearby Chicago area  Through his connections in Gary, he was acquainted with Joe Jackson, the patriarch of the musical Jackson family, and Littlejohn and his band reputedly served as an occasional rehearsal band for the Jackson 5 in the mid- to late 1960s 
Littlejohn played regularly in Chicago clubs (he was filmed by drummer Sam Lay playing with Howlin' Wolf's band about 1961) but did not make any studio recordings until 1966, when he cut singles for several record labels  Later that year he recorded an album for Arhoolie Records and four songs for Chess Records  The Chess tracks were not issued at the time He recorded a few singles for small local labels but did not record another album until 1985, when Rooster Blues issued So-Called Friends  Soon after, he fell into ill health  He died of renal failure in Chicago, on February 1, 1994, at the age of 62 

Discography
Albums
Chicago Blues Stars (Arhoolie Records, 1969)
Funky From Chicago (BluesWay, 1973)
Dream (MCM, 1977)
Sweet Little Angel (Black & Blue, 1978)
Easy Blues (Lafayette Leak, 1978)
Blues Show! Live At The Pit Inn (P-Vine, 1982; co-featuring Carey Bell)
So-Called Friends (Rooster Blues, 1985)
John Littlejohn's Blues Party (Wolf Records, 1989)
When Your Best Friend Turns His Back On You (JSP Records, 1989)
Dream (Storyville Records, 1995; recorded live in 1976)
Sweet Little Angel (Black And Blue Records, 2006)

Compilation albums
Slidin' (Chess Records, 1991, with Elmore James and Hound Dog Taylor)

Singles
"Kitty O" / "Johnny's Jive" (Margaret Records, 1966)
"What In The World (You Gonna Do)" / "Can't Be Still" (Terrell Records, 1966)
"Father Popcorn (just Got To Town)" (T-S-D Records, 1968, backed by "I Am Back Home" by Bo Dud and Johnny Twist)
"29 Ways" / "I Need Lovin'" (T-S-D Records, 1968)
"Dream/Catfish Blues" (Joliet Records, 1968)
"Shake Your Moneymaker" (Love Records, 1970)
"She's 19 Years Old" / "I Wanna Go Home" (Ace Records, 1975)
"Poor Man's Blues" (Full Scope Records, 1980)
"Bloody Tears" / "Just Got In Town" (Weis Records)
Passage 5:
Jackie Scott
John "Jackie" Scott (22 December 1933 – June 1978), also known as Jack Scott or Johnny Scott, was a former Northern Ireland international footballer and football manager who played as an outside forward for Manchester United, Grimsby Town and York City in the 1950s and 1960s 

Club career
Born in Belfast, Scott played football for Boyland Youth Club and Ormond Star in Northern Ireland, before moving to England as an apprentice with Manchester United  He signed his first professional contract with United in October 1951, and made his debut a year later, playing on the left wing in a 6–2 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers on 4 October 1952  However, due to the competition for places in the Manchester United first team, Scott's appearances were few and far between, having made just three appearances when he left for Grimsby Town in June 1956 Scott flourished at Grimsby, his performances catching the attention of the Northern Irish selectors, who called him up for a B international in 1957, before naming him in the squad for the 1958 World Cup  However, that was to be the end of his involvement with the Northern Irish national team as he was not selected again 
Scott played for Grimsby for a total of seven seasons, making 250 appearances in all competitions and scoring 54 goals  In 1963, he was allowed to leave the club on a free transfer to York City  He played for York for one season before dropping out of the Football League to play for Margate in the Southern League  In two seasons at Margate, he played in 95 matches and scored 26 goals, before retiring to Manchester 

International career
Scott played in two matches at the 1958 FIFA World Cup; a 2–1 victory over Czechoslovakia and a 4–0 defeat to France in the quarter-finals 

Later life
Scott was killed in a building site accident in 1978, aged 44 

Career statistics
Source:

International
Honours
Grimsby Town

Third Division second-place promotion: 1961–62
Passage 6:
Hugh Evelyn
Sir Hugh Evelyn, 5th Baronet (31 January 1769 – 28 August 1848) was a British baronet and naval officer 

Family background
Hugh was the youngest son of Charles Evelyn, by Philippa Wright, the daughter of Fortunatus Wright, the privateer  Charles Evelyn was the only son of another Charles Evelyn, who was the brother of Sir John Evelyn, 2nd Baronet, and the second son of Sir John Evelyn, 1st Baronet of Wotton  The elder Charles, of Yarlington, Somerset, died aged 40 in January 1748, while the younger Charles died before 1781  As the third baronet, Sir Frederick Evelyn, had no children, Sir John Evelyn, 4th Baronet, his first cousin once removed, was his nearest male heir 

Succession
Hugh Evelyn was born on 31 January 1769 at Totnes, Devon  He was an officer in the Royal Navy, marrying first 1815 Henrietta Harrison (born c 1778; died July 1836) and second (1836) Mary Hathaway, the widow of Southwark merchant James Thomas Hathaway and eldest daughter of John Kennedy of Sutton Coldfield  He libelled the two trustees who were administering his meagre income by putting posters of their faces all over London; they took him to court and had the posters taken down  He unsuccessfully took a case to the KBD court and owed court costs of £30 which he was unable to pay; he spent 18 years of his life in prison  Sir Hugh died without issue at Forest Hill, London, on 28 August 1848, aged 79, and was buried on 9 September 1848, at Wotton, Surrey  On his death, the baronetcy became extinct  His widow, Mary, who was born at Hoxton in 1803, died on 5 May 1883, at Eagle House, in Forest Hill, and was buried in Nunhead Cemetery 
Passage 7:
Catherine I of Russia
Catherine I Alekseevna Mikhailova (Russian: Екатери́на I Алексе́евна Миха́йлова, tr  Ekaterína I Alekséyevna Mikháylova; born Polish: Marta Helena Skowrońska, Russian: Ма́рта Самуи́ловна Скавро́нская, tr  Márta Samuílovna Skavrónskaya; 15 April [O S  5 April] 1684 – 17 May [O S  6 May] 1727) was the second wife and empress consort of Peter the Great, and empress regnant of Russia from 1725 until her death in 1727 

Life as a servant
The life of Catherine I was said by Voltaire to be nearly as extraordinary as that of Peter the Great himself  Only uncertain and contradictory information is available about her early life  Said to have been born on 15 April 1684 (o s  5 April), she was originally named Marta Helena Skowrońska  Marta was the daughter of Samuel Skowroński (later spelled Samuil Skavronsky), a Roman Catholic farmer from the eastern parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, born to Minsker parents  In 1680 he married Dorothea Hahn at Jakobstadt  Her mother is named in at least one source as Elizabeth Moritz, the daughter of a Baltic German woman and there is debate as to whether Moritz's father was a Swedish officer  It is likely that two stories were conflated, and Swedish sources suggest that the Elizabeth Moritz story is probably incorrect  Some biographies state that Marta's father was a gravedigger and handyman, while others speculate that he was a runaway landless serf 
Marta's parents died of the plague around 1689, leaving five children  According to one of the popular versions, at the age of three Marta was taken by an aunt and sent to Marienburg (the present-day Alūksne in Latvia, near the border with Estonia and Russia) where she was raised by Johann Ernst Glück, a Lutheran pastor and educator who was the first to translate the Bible into Latvian  In his household she served as a lowly servant, likely either a scullery maid or washerwoman   No effort was made to teach her to read and write and she remained illiterate throughout her life 
Marta was considered a very beautiful young girl, and there are accounts that Frau Glück became fearful that she would become involved with her son  At the age of seventeen, she was married off to a Swedish dragoon, Johan Cruse or Johann Rabbe, with whom she remained for eight days in 1702, at which point the Swedish troops were withdrawn from Marienburg  When Russian forces captured the town, Pastor Glück offered to work as a translator, and Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev agreed to his proposal and took him to Moscow 
There are unsubstantiated stories that Marta worked briefly in the laundry of the victorious regiment, and also that she was presented in her undergarments to Brigadier General Rudolph Felix Bauer, later the Governor of Estonia, to be his mistress  She may have worked in the household of his superior, Sheremetev  It is not known whether she was his mistress, or household maid   She travelled back to the Russian court with Sheremetev's army Afterwards she became part of the household of Prince Alexander Menshikov, who was the best friend of Peter the Great of Russia  Anecdotal sources suggest that she was purchased by him  Whether the two of them were lovers is disputed, as Menshikov was already engaged to Darya Arsenyeva, his future wife  It is clear that Menshikov and Marta formed a lifetime alliance 
It is possible that Menshikov, who was quite jealous of Peter's attentions and knew his tastes, wanted to procure a mistress on whom he could rely  In any case, in 1703, while visiting Menshikov at his home, Peter met Marta  In 1704, she was well established in the Tsar's household as his mistress, and gave birth to a son, Peter  In 1703, she converted to Orthodoxy and took the new name Catherine Alexeyevna (Yekaterina Alexeyevna)  She and Darya Menshikova accompanied Peter and Menshikov on their military excursions 

Marriage and family life
Though no record exists, Catherine and Peter are described as having married secretly between 23 October and 1 December 1707 in Saint Petersburg  They had twelve children, two of whom survived into adulthood, Anna (born 1708) and Elizabeth (born 1709) 
Peter had moved the capital to St  Petersburg in 1703  While the city was being built he lived in a three-room log cabin with Catherine, where she did the cooking and caring for the children, and he tended a garden as though they were an ordinary couple  The relationship was the most successful of Peter's life and a great number of letters exist demonstrating the strong affection between Catherine and Peter  As a person she was very energetic, compassionate, charming, and always cheerful  She was able to calm Peter in his frequent rages and was often called in to do so 
Catherine went with Peter on his Pruth Campaign in 1711  There, she was said to have saved Peter and his Empire, as related by Voltaire in his book Peter the Great  Surrounded by overwhelming numbers of Turkish troops, Catherine suggested before surrendering, that her jewels and those of the other women be used in an effort to bribe the Ottoman grand vizier Baltacı Mehmet Pasha into allowing a retreat 
Mehmet allowed the retreat, whether motivated by the bribe or considerations of trade and diplomacy  In any case Peter credited Catherine and proceeded to marry her again (this time officially) at Saint Isaac's Cathedral in St  Petersburg on 9 February 1712   She was Peter's second wife; he had previously married and divorced Eudoxia Lopukhina, who had borne him the Tsarevich Alexis Petrovich  Upon their wedding, Catherine took on the style of her husband and became Tsarina  When Peter elevated the Russian Tsardom to Empire, Catherine became Empress  The Order of Saint Catherine was instituted by her husband on the occasion of their wedding 

Issue
Catherine and Peter had twelve children, all of whom died in childhood except Anna and Elizabeth:

Peter Petrovich (1704–1707), died in infancy
Paul Petrovich (October 1705–1707), died in infancy
Catherine Petrovna (7 February 1707–7 August 1708)
Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna (27 January 1708–15 May 1728)
Grand Duchess Elizabeth Petrovna (29 December 1709–5 January 1762)
Grand Duchess Mary Natalia Petrovna (20 March 1713–17 May 1715)
Grand Duchess Margaret Petrovna (19 September 1714–7 June 1715)
Grand Duke Peter Petrovich (9 November 1715–6 May 1719)

Grand Duke Paul Petrovich (13 January 1717–14 January 1717)
Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna (31 August 1718–15 March 1725)
Grand Duke Peter Petrovich (7 October 1723–7 October 1723)
Grand Duke Paul Petrovich (1724–1724)

Siblings
Upon Peter's death, Catherine found her four siblings, Krystyna, Anna, Karol, and Fryderyk, gave them the newly created titles of Count and Countess, and brought them to Russia 

Krystyna Skowrońska, renamed Christina (Russian: Христина) Samuilovna Skavronskaya (1687–14 April 1729), had married Simon Heinrich (Russian: Симон Гейнрих) (1672–1728) and their descendants became the Counts Gendrikov 
Anna Skowrońska, renamed Anna Samuilovna Skavronskaya, had married one Michael-Joachim N and their descendants became the Counts Efimovsky 
Karol Skowroński, renamed Karel Samuilovich Skavronsky, was created a Count of the Russian Empire on 5 January 1727 and made a Chamberlain of the Imperial Court; he had married Maria Ivanovna, a Russian woman, by whom he had descendants who became extinct in the male line with the death of Count Paul Martinovich Skavronskyi (1757-1793), father of Princess Catherine Bagration 
Fryderyk Skowroński, renamed Feodor Samuilovich Skavronsky, was created a Count of the Russian Empire on 5 January 1727 and was married twice: to N, a Lithuanian woman, and to Ekaterina Rodionovna Saburova, without having children by either of them 

Reign as empress regnant
Catherine was crowned in 1724  The year before his death, Peter and Catherine had an estrangement over her support of Willem Mons, brother of Peter's former mistress Anna, and brother to one of the current ladies in waiting for Catherine, Matryona  He served as Catherine's secretary  Peter had fought his entire life to clear up corruption in Russia  Catherine had a great deal of influence over who could gain access to her husband  Willem Mons and his sister Matryona had begun selling their influence to those who wanted access to Catherine and, through her, to Peter  Apparently this had been overlooked by Catherine, who was fond of both  Peter found out and had Willem Mons executed and his sister Matryona exiled  He and Catherine did not speak for several months  Rumors flew that she and Mons had had an affair, but there is no evidence for this 
Peter died (28 January 1725 Old Style) without naming a successor  Catherine represented the interests of the "new men", commoners who had been brought to positions of great power by Peter based on competence  A change of government was likely to favor the entrenched aristocrats  For that reason during a meeting of a council to decide on a successor, a coup was arranged by Menshikov and others in which the guards regiments with whom Catherine was very popular proclaimed her the ruler of Russia  Supporting evidence was "produced" from Peter's secretary Makarov and the Bishop of Pskov, both "new men" with motivation to see Catherine take over  The real power, however, lay with Menshikov, Peter Tolstoy, and other members of the Supreme Privy Council 
Catherine viewed the deposed empress Eudoxia as a threat, so she secretly moved her to Shlisselburg Fortress near St  Petersburg to be put in a secret prison under strict custody as a state prisoner 

Death
Catherine I died two years after Peter I, on 17 May 1727 at age 43, in St  Petersburg, where she was buried at St  Peter and St  Paul Fortress  Tuberculosis, diagnosed as an abscess of the lungs, caused her early demise 
Before her death she recognized Peter II, the grandson of Peter I and Eudoxia, as her successor 

Assessment and legacy
Catherine was the first woman to rule Imperial Russia, opening the legal path for a century almost entirely dominated by women, including her daughter Elizabeth and granddaughter-in-law Catherine the Great, all of whom continued Peter the Great's policies in modernizing Russia   At the time of Peter's death the Russian Army, composed of 130,000 men and supplemented by another 100,000 Cossacks, was easily the largest in Europe   However, the expense of the military was proving ruinous to the Russian economy, consuming some 65% of the government's annual revenue   Since the nation was at peace, Catherine was determined to reduce military expenditure   For most of her reign, Catherine I was controlled by her advisers   However, on this single issue, the reduction of military expenses, Catherine was able to have her way   The resulting tax relief on the peasantry led to the reputation of Catherine I as a just and fair ruler The Supreme Privy Council concentrated power in the hands of one party, and thus was an executive innovation  In foreign affairs, Russia reluctantly joined the Austro-Spanish league to defend the interests of Catherine's son-in-law, the Duke of Holstein, against Great Britain 
Catherine gave her name to Catherinehof near St  Petersburg, and built the first bridges in the new capital  She was also the first royal owner of the Tsarskoye Selo estate, where the Catherine Palace still bears her name 
The city of Yekaterinburg is named after her, Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name 
She also gave her name to the Kadriorg Palace (German: Katharinental, meaning "Catherine's Valley"), its adjacent Kadriorg Park and the later Kadriorg neighbourhood of Tallinn, Estonia, which today houses the Presidential Palace of Estonia  The name of the neighbourhood is also used as a metonym for the institution of the President 
In general, Catherine's policies were reasonable and cautious   The story of her humble origins was considered by later generations of tsars to be a state secret 

See also
Bibliography of Russian history (1613–1917)
Rulers of Russia family tree

Notes
Passage 8:
Jock Sim
John Sim (4 December 1922 – 14 January 2000), known as Jock, Jackie, or Johnny Sim, was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre forward or left half in the Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion 

Life and career
Sim was born in Glasgow in 1922  During the Second World War, he served abroad for five years  Afterwards, he joined Kirkintilloch Rob Roy from another junior club, St Roch's, early in the 1946–47 season, scored freely, and within weeks was reportedly "in almost as great a demand as nylon stockings " He signed for English club Brighton & Hove Albion on 24 October, and scored on his Third Division South debut three weeks later  He had a run in the side in his first season, but injury disrupted his career: he was restricted to just 14 appearances in the next two seasons and none at all in 1949–50 Ahead of the following campaign, he signed for Chippenham Town, together with three Brighton teammates, Eric Lancelotte, Fred Leamon and Ken Davies  In March 1951, as part of the Western League record transfer that took Rex Tilley to Plymouth Argyle, Sim returned to the Football League, but he never played first-team football for Argyle and was soon back with Chippenham  He stayed for three seasons, but turned down the terms offered for a fourth and was released  He later played for Calne Town Sim died in Chippenham in 2000 at the age of 77 
Passage 9:
Johnny Ekström
Johnny Douglas Ekström (born 5 March 1965) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a forward and a winger  He played professionally in Italy, Germany, France, and Spain but is best remembered for his time in Sweden with IFK Göteborg with which he was the 1986 Allsvenskan top scorer and won three Swedish Championships  A full international between 1986 and 1995, he won 47 caps for the Sweden national team and represented his country at the 1990 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1992 

Club career
IFK Göteborg
A product of the IFK Göteborg youth academy, Ekström was promoted to the first team in 1983 before making his Allsvenskan debut during the 1984 season  He quickly earned the nicknames "Kallebäcks-Expressen" (the express train from Kallebäck) and "Johnny Bråttom" (Johnny-in-a-hurry) due to his speed on the football pitch  His most successful season with Göteborg came in 1986, when he was the 1986 Allsvenskan top scorer and helped the club reach the semi-finals of the 1985–86 European Cup before being eliminated by FC Barcelona  He also played in the first half of the 1986–87 UEFA Cup which IFK Göteborg ended up winning after Ekström's departure 

Empoli
Ekström was the most expensive Swedish transfer of all time when he signed for Empoli during the 1986–87 Serie A season  At Empoli, he became a popular and respected player and acquired the nickname 'Il Ciclone' (the cyclone) due to the exceptional speed he displayed when charging ahead with the ball in his possession, which was his most notable quality 

Bayern Munich
In 1988 Ekström signed for the German Bundesliga club FC Bayern Munich, and helped them win the 1988–89 Bundesliga title and reach the semi-finals of the 1988–89 UEFA Cup before being eliminated by Napoli 

Cannes
He signed with AS Cannes in Ligue 1 in 1989 and played alongside a young Zinedine Zidane before leaving the club in 1991 

Return to IFK Göteborg
Ekström returned to Swedish football and IFK Göteborg in 1991, winning the 1991 and 1993 Swedish Championships, as well as the 1991 Svenska Cupen  He also played in the 1992–93 UEFA Champions League where Göteborg finished joint-third behind Marseille and A C  Milan 

Reggiana
Ekström returned to Serie A and Italian football in 1993, signing for Reggiana  Ekström played in 9 Serie A games for Reggiana during the 1993–94 Serie A season before spending the rest of the season on loan in Spain 

Loan to Real Betis
Ekström spent the spring of 1994 with Real Betis on loan from Reggiana, becoming the second Swedish player to represent the Seville-based club after Torbjörn Jonsson  He played in seven Segunda División games during the 1993–94 season and scored two goals 

Dynamo Dresden
During the summer of 1994, Ekström returned to German football and the Bundesliga after signing a two-year-contract with Dynamo Dresden  He ended up playing one season for the club, scoring seven goals in 30 Bundesliga games 

Eintracht Frankfurt
Ekström signed for Eintracht Frankfurt in 1995, and scored two goals in 16 games as the club was relegated to 2  Bundesliga in 1996  He stayed with the club in 2  Bundesliga, but could not help the team win promotion back to the top flight of German football 

Second return to IFK Göteborg and retirement
He returned to IFK Göteborg a second time in 1997, and spent the 1997 and 1998 Allsvenskan seasons with the club before retiring from professional football in late 1998  In total, Ekström appeared in more than 200 games for IFK Göteborg during his three stints with the club 

International career
Youth
Ekström played 12 games for the Sweden U21 team and was a part of the Sweden U21 squad that reached the quarterfinals of the 1986 UEFA European Under-21 Championship before being eliminated by Italy 

Senior
Ekström made his full international debut in a friendly game against Greece on 1 May 1986, playing for 71 minutes alongside Dan Corneliusson at forward before being replaced by Lasse Larsson in a 0–0 draw  He scored his first international goal in a 3–1 friendly win against Finland on 6 August 1986 

UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying
Ekström made his competitive international debut for Sweden on 24 September 1986 in a UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying game against Switzerland, which Sweden won 2–0 after two goals by Ekström  He went on to score another four goals in the same qualifying campaign, making him the joint-third best goalscorer in the UEFA Euro 1988 qualifiers at six goals together with Alessandra Altobelli but behind John Bosman and Nico Claesen  Despite Ekström's goals, Sweden did not manage to qualify for Euro 1988 

1990 FIFA World Cup
Ekström scored two goals during the 1990 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign to help Sweden qualify for its first World Cup since 1978  While at the 1990 World Cup, he appeared in the second group stage game against Scotland, replacing Stefan Pettersson in the 63rd minute in a 1–2 loss  He started in the third group stage game against Costa Rica, scoring the first goal in a third consecutive 1–2 loss which had Sweden eliminated from the tournament 

UEFA Euro 1992
Ekström was a part of the Sweden squad at UEFA Euro 1992 on home soil in Sweden and appeared as a substitute in all four games as Sweden reached the semi-finals of the tournament before being eliminated by Germany 

Later years and retirement
Ekström played in four 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifying games before announcing his retirement from international football in October 1993  He made a brief comeback on 8 March 1995 in a friendly 3–3 draw with Cyprus in which Ekström scored one of the goals  He won a total of 47 caps for the Sweden national team, scoring 13 goals 

Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ekström goal 

Honours
IFK Göteborg

Allsvenskan: 1984, 1991, 1993
Svenska Cupen: 1991
UEFA cup: 1986–87Bayern München

Bundesliga: 1988–89Individual

Allsvenskan top scorer: 1986
Stor Grabb: 1988
Passage 10:
Johnny Crossan
John Andrew Crossan (born 29 November 1938) is a Northern Irish author, radio sports analyst, entrepreneur, and former footballer  His brother Eddie was also a player 

Club career
Crossan began his career playing for Derry City, where he played as an inside forward  His talent was spotted by several leading English clubs, including Arsenal and Sunderland  When the latter made a substantial offer, Derry City offered Crossan a payment deal which he rejected, offering his own  When the Sunderland negotiations broke down, Derry City dropped Crossan, who signed for Coleraine  Derry City, still aggrieved by Crossan's actions, reported themselves to the Football League authorities for technical breaches of regulations, thus ensuring that Crossan would face disciplinary action 
In January 1959, a commission of inquiry imposed small fines on Derry and Coleraine, but banned Crossan from all forms of football for life  A partial lifting of the ban was allowed following an appeal, in May 1959 the inside forward signed for Dutch Champions Sparta Rotterdam, where he was first called up to the Northern Ireland squad 
He went from there to Standard Liège, where he played in the semi-final of the European Cup against Real Madrid  In 1963, Crossan returned to football in the UK (following the lifting of his 'life-time' ban) when he was signed by Sunderland, with whom he made it to the old First Division  He then signed for Manchester City who were playing in the old Second Division  As team captain, he helped them make their way into the old First Division, before being sold to Middlesbrough after a loss of form following a car crash and other health problems 

International career
Internationally, he was capped 24 times by Northern Ireland and scored 10 goals 

International goals
Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first 

Management
After his playing days, Crossan had a spell in management and took the top job at League of Ireland club, Sligo Rovers  He resigned soon after 

Media career
He also commentates for BBC Radio Foyle when they cover Derry City games 
Context 2: Passage 1:
De Sacia Mooers
De Sacia Mooers (November 19, 1888 – January 11, 1960) was a film actress, disputably from Los Angeles, California  She appeared in over one hundred movies in the silent film era  She was perhaps best known as the "Blonde Vamp" for her role in The Blonde Vampire in 1922  Her career ended with talking films 

Early life
Newspaper accounts of the era differ as to her birthplace  At the time, it was common for the various studios to exaggerate or fabricate an actor's biography to make them seem more exotic and interesting to the general public  One report contends that she was a Los Angeles native and a member of the California Saville family  This is borne out by the fact that she was billed as De Sacia Saville in the serial The Son of Tarzan (1920)  The Savilles were among California's pioneer settlers  Another article says that Mooers was from New York  Yet another source has her birthplace as Michigan  A 1927 movie review described her ancestry as French-Dutch 

Movie career
She began her career with Samuel Goldwyn Productions  At first she was known as De Sacia Saville  In the comedy Potash and Perlmutter (1923), she was cast with Martha Mansfield and Ben Lyon 
Mooers began working on a series of vamp roles starting with The Blonde Vampire in 1922  Mooers was writing a book at the time  It was due to be published when the vamp film was released  A natural blond, Mooers defied the stereotype of a vamp having to have dark hair 
Mooers appeared in over one hundred movies in the silent film era  Among her co-stars were Tom Mix and Warner Baxter  Mooers made Lonesome Ladies (1927), a First National Pictures comedy-drama about romance and marital strife  The screenplay was written by Lenore Coffee and the film featured Lewis Stone and Anna Q  Nilsson  Her final movie was a western, The Arizona Kid (1930)  It stars Baxter, Carole Lombard, and Mona Maris 
Mooers also performed on stage in New York City 

Personal life
In 1917, Mooers became the wife of Edward "Eddie" Demarest Mooers, owner of the Yellow Aster gold mine in Randsburg, California, the richest gold mine in the United States  Mr  Mooers' family disapproved of her career from the time she left her home on Alvarado Terrace, barely out of her teens  An agreement was made in which representatives of the wealthy husband's family accompanied him to Mooers' studio once a month  They observed her behavior for signs of changes  The union between actress and mining scion became fractured and collapsed after the inquisitors decided Mooers had become less "lovely, charming, and conventional"  The couple were divorced in May 1925 
Mooers had a relationship with Allan Rock, who produced "The Blonde Vampire " Mooers signed as a witness on the contract that Rock made with "America's First Supermodel", Audrey Munson, that led to Munson's syndicated 1921 newspaper series and its spin-off movie "Heedless Moths" (1921) Mooers later married actor Harry Lewis  She was a member of the Woman's Breakfast Club and director of the McKinley Home For Boys 

Searcher
In October 1920 Mooers was enticed by St  Louis Cardinals owner, Warren Fuzzy Anderson to locate his nephew, Jimmy Anderson  Fuzzy Anderson was once a partner of Henry Ford  He handled foreign distribution for Ford Motor Company parts  He had no other close relatives to leave his wealth to aside from Jimmie, who left St  Louis, Missouri in 1918 
Mooers resided at the Canterbury Inn on Westlake Avenue in Los Angeles while she performed her investigation  She was promised a diamond necklace by the baseball owner if she could find Jimmie  The nephew was rumored to have relocated to Hollywood and become a stunt man in motion pictures 

Death
In 1960 De Sacia Mooers died following a six-week illness in Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center  She was seventy-two years old  Her residence was at 1523 North McCadden Place, Los Angeles 

Partial filmography
The Challenge (1922)
The Blonde Vampire (1922)
Potash and Perlmutter (1923)
Restless Wives (1924)
It Is the Law (1924)
The Average Woman (1924)
Any Woman (1925)
Forbidden Waters (1926)
Broadway Nights (1927)
Lonesome Ladies (1927)
Back to Liberty (1927)
Tongues of Scandal (1927)
By Whose Hand? (1927)
Confessions of a Wife (1928)
Shanghai Rose (1929)
Just Off Broadway (1929)
The Arizona Kid (1930)
Passage 2:
Joseph De Grasse
Joseph Louis De Grasse (May 4, 1873 – May 25, 1940) was a Canadian film director  Born in Bathurst, New Brunswick, he was the elder brother of actor Sam De Grasse 

Biography
Joseph De Grasse had studied and was a first-class graduate of accounting and he began his career as a journalist, but soon became enamored with the theater and took work as a stage actor  In 1903, he quit his full-time job as the City of Boston's bookkeeper to pursue acting  In 1910, he acted in his first motion picture and although he would appear as an actor in 13 films, and write 2 screenplays, his real interest was in directing 
While working in Hollywood for Universal Pictures, De Grasse met and married one of the few female directors working at the time, Ida May Park (1879–1954)  In 1915, he became a founding member of the Motion Picture Directors Association, a forerunner to today's Directors Guild of America 
During his career he directed a total of 86 films  In 1924, actor Lon Chaney said of the De Grasses:

Joe and Sam De Grasses are two of the most talented personalities in today's film industry  Joe, a very skilled actor, is also the consummate director, firm in his demands yet gentle in his way of dealing with many different temperaments to be found in the movie industry  Sam is the only actor I know who can horrify an audience without make-up and without grotesque posturing and playing to the camera  He is the only actor I know who pulls teeth on the set in between takes  A rare pair, they have given the industry not one but two dimensions 
Joseph De Grasse died in Eagle Rock, California; he collapsed on a street while walking, and was taken to hospital where he was pronounced dead  The cause of his death was a heart attack 

Filmography
Director
Actor
The Place Beyond the Winds (1916) - Anton Farwell
Triumph (1917) - Man at Theatre (uncredited)
After the War (1918)
So Big (1924) - Simeon Peake
The Cowboy Kid (1928) - John Grover
The Drunkard (1935) - Mr  Miller
The Dawn Rider (1935) - Dad Mason
The Adventures of Frank Merriwell (1936, Serial) - Dr  Cummings (uncredited) (final film role)

Preservation
The three surviving reels of De Grasse's film Triumph were restored by the Academy Film Archive in 2012 

See also
Other Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood
Passage 3:
The Piper's Price
The Piper's Price is a 1917 silent drama film directed by Joe De Grasse and starring Lon Chaney, William Stowell and Dorothy Phillips  It was the first in a series of films co-starring William Stowell and Dorothy Phillips together  The screenplay was written by Ida May Park, based on the short story by Nancy Mann Waddel Woodrow (aka Mrs  Wilson Woodrow)  The film was released in the U K  as Storm and Sunshine  The film is today considered lost  A still exists showing Lon Chaney in the role of Billy Kilmartin 

Plot
Ralph Hadley's ex-wife, Jessica, is a shrewd businesswoman, while his new wife, Amy, is the perfect homemaker  Billy Kilmartin (Lon Chaney), an attorney, has sought to woo Jessica for many years, and now that she is divorced from Ralph, he doubles down on his efforts to win her  At a stockholders meeting, Jessica makes several intelligent suggestions that win both the approval of the company and Ralph's admiration  Ralph wants Jessica back and takes her to lunch  Amy soon hears gossip about her husband dating his ex-wife and she worries about losing him to the other woman 
Amy learns that she is pregnant, but decides to keep it a secret from Ralph  She goes to Ralph's office and is introduced to Jessica at a meeting there, and after Jessica leaves, Amy starts a fight with Ralph  Ralph considers the whole thing entirely innocent, but soon realizes that it's not just a harmless fling  He is indeed falling in love with his ex-wife 
Amy goes to Jessica, telling her that she and Ralph are going to have a child together, and Jessica realizes she must stop seeing Ralph  But when Ralph finally demands to see her, she tells him that she and Billy Kilmartin were married that morning  Ralph goes home, prepared to commit suicide, when the doctor enters and congratulates him on the birth of his child  Ralph realizes that Amy was his true love all the time,  and the happy family are reunited 

Cast
William Stowell as Ralph Hadley
Dorothy Phillips as Amy Hadley, Ralph's wife
Maude George as Jessica Hadley, Ralph's ex-wife (credited as Maud George)
Lon Chaney as Billy Kilmartin
Claire Du Brey as Jessica's Maid

Reception
"Such conduct on the part of the two offenders against common decency should put them outside the pale of sympathy, and the second wife exhibits such a lamentable weakness of character during the affair that pity for her should be mingled with contempt  It cannot be denied, however, that there exists a grade of mind which will follow the fortunes of these three humans with the deepest interest and herald the ending as a triumph for justice and truth  An important factor in bringing about this result is the excellence of the acting by the entire cast " ---Moving Picture World"A well treated domestic drama is THE PIPER'S PRICE, quite conventional when you get down to the bottom of things, but original on the surface, due to a few new twists   Dorothy Phillips, as Amy, gives an emotional performance   while Lon Chaney has the only other part of importance " ---Motion Picture News
Passage 4:
Daisy Irani
Daisy Irani may refer to:

Daisy Irani (actress), an Indian actress
Daisy Irani (television personality), an Indian-born Singaporean actress and TV personality
Passage 5:
Razif Onn
Razif Onn is a professional football coach from Singapore 

Warriors FC
First taking the reins of Warriors FC in 2015 right before the end of the season, he was in charge of them for five games  Calculated in total, he lost three, won one, and drew one despite winning the first game, a 2–0 victory over Hougang United  In the end, they finished fifth and the youth coach asseverated that it was unequivocally 'unacceptable' for a club like Warriors FC  On their last fixture, Geylang International beat them 6-0 as well After Jorg Steinebrunner's unheralded departure in May 2016, Onn was appointed coach of Warriors FC;there was already speculation about Onn's return anyway  His first match would be a round 13 clash opposing Tampines Rovers; he managed to hold them to a scoreless draw  Unlike his predecessor, he managed to get 18 points from 13 matches, and recorded only one defeat in his first five games in charge which signified an improvement However, he lost all his cup matches in 2016 by exiting the Singapore Cup and losing three times in the League Cup In the 2017 season, he improved well in terms of the Warriors FC style of play bringing back the lights of Shahril Ishak and Baihakki Khaizan  He finished the season 5th as a first full season manager at Warriors FC  At the end of the season, Razif were reassigned as Warriors FC head of youth development, the head coach position later taken by Mirko Grabovac 
Passage 6:
The Blonde from Singapore
The Blonde from Singapore (also released as Hot Pearls) is a 1941 American adventure film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Florence Rice
Context 3: Passage 1:
Reg Allen (set decorator)
Reg Allen (12 April 1917 – 30 March 1989) was an American set decorator  He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film Lady Sings the Blues 

Selected filmography
The Pink Panther (1963)
The Party (1968)
Lady Sings the Blues (1972)
Passage 2:
John Farrell (businessman)
John Farrell is the director of YouTube in Latin America 

Education
Farrell holds a joint MBA degree from the University of Texas at Austin and Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) 

Career
His business career began at Skytel, and later at Iridium as head of Business Development, in Washington DC, where he supported the design and launched the first satellite location service in the world and established international distribution agreements He co-founded Adetel, the first company to provide internet access to residential communities and businesses in Mexico  After becoming General Manager of Adetel, he developed a partnership with TV Azteca in order to create the first internet access prepaid card in the country known as the ToditoCard   Later in his career, John Farrell worked for Televisa in Mexico City as Director of Business Development for Esmas com  There he established a strategic alliance with a leading telecommunications provider to launch co-branded Internet and telephone services  He also led initial efforts to launch social networking services, leveraging Televisa’s content and media channels 

Google
Farrel joined Google in 2004 as Director of Business Development for Asia and Latin America  On April 7, 2008, he was promoted to the position of General Manager for Google Mexico, replacing Alonso Gonzalo  He is now director of YouTube in Latin America, responsible for developing audiences, managing partnerships and growing Google’s video display business  John is also part of Google’s Latin America leadership management team and contributes to Google’s strategy in the region  He is Vice President of the IAB (Interactive Advertising Bureau), a member of the AMIPCI (Mexican Internet Association) Advisory Board, an active Endeavor mentor, and member of YPO 
Passage 3:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 4:
Etan Boritzer
Etan Boritzer (born 1950) is an American writer of children’s literature who is best known for his book What is God? first published in 1989  His best selling What is? illustrated children's book series on character education and difficult subjects for children is a popular teaching guide for parents, teachers and child-life professionals Boritzer gained national critical acclaim after What is God? was published in 1989 although the book has caused controversy from religious fundamentalists for its universalist views  The other current books in the What is? series include: What is Love?, What is Death?, What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?, What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?, What is a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?, and What is a Feeling? The series is now also translated into 15 languages 
Boritzer was first published in 1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essay in his English class at Wade Junior High School in the Bronx, New York on the assassination of John F  Kennedy  His essay was included in a special anthology by New York City public school children compiled and published by the New York City Department of Education 
Boritzer now lives in Venice, California and maintains his publishing office there also  He has helped numerous other authors to get published through How to Get Your Book Published! programs  Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regular classes locally and guest-teaches nationally  He is also recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on The Teachings of the Buddha 
Passage 5:
Michael Govan
Michael Govan (born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art  Prior to his current position, Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation in New York City 

Early life and education
Govan was born in 1963 in North Adams, Massachusetts, and was raised in the Washington D C  area, attending Sidwell Friends School He majored in art history and fine arts at Williams College, where he met Thomas Krens, who was then director of the Williams College Museum of Art  Govan became closely involved with the museum, serving as acting curator as an undergraduate  After receiving his B A  from Williams in 1985, Govan began an MFA in fine arts from the University of California, San Diego 

Career
As a twenty-five year old graduate student, Govan was recruited by his former mentor at Williams, Thomas Krens, who in 1988 had been appointed director of the Solomon R  Guggenheim Foundation  Govan served as deputy director of the Solomon R  Guggenheim Museum under Krens from 1988 to 1994, a period that culminated in the construction and opening of the Frank Gehry designed Guggenheim branch in Bilbao, Spain  Govan supervised the reinstallation of the museum's permanent collection galleries after its extensive renovation 

Dia Art Foundation
From 1994 to 2006, Govan was president and director of Dia Art Foundation in New York City  There, he spearheaded the conversion of a Nabisco box factory into the 300,000 square foot Dia:Beacon in New York's Hudson Valley, which houses Dia's collection of art from the 1960s to the present  Built in a former Nabisco box factory, the critically acclaimed museum has been credited with catalyzing a cultural and economic revival within the formerly factory-based city of Beacon  Dia's collection nearly doubled in size during Govan's tenure, but he also came under criticism for "needlessly and permanently" closing Dia's West 22nd Street building  During his time at Dia, Govan also worked closely with artists James Turrell and Michael Heizer, becoming an ardent supporter of Roden Crater and City, the artists' respective site-specific land art projects under construction in the American southwest  Govan successfully lobbied Washington to have the 704,000 acres in central Nevada surrounding City declared a national monument in 2015 

LACMA
In February 2006, a search committee composed of eleven LACMA trustees, led by the late Nancy M



ground_truth: Johnny Ekström

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died first, The Piper'S Price or The Blonde From Singapore?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Cast
Florence Rice as Mary Brooks
Leif Erickson as Terry Prescott
Gordon Jones as 'Waffles' Billings
Don Beddoe as Sgt  Burns
Alexander D'Arcy as Prince Sali
Adele Rowland as Sultana
Lumsden Hare as Reginald Belvin
Richard Terry as Tada
Emory Parnell as Capt  Nelson
Uncredited actors include Filipino Hollywood actor Rudy Robles as the servant 
Passage 7:
The Blonde from Peking
The Blonde from Peking (French: La blonde de Pékin, Italian: La bionda di Pechino, German: Die Blonde von Peking, also known as Peking Blonde) is a 1967 French-Italian-German adventure film written and directed by Nicolas Gessner  It is loosely based on the 1966 novel You Have Yourself a Deal by James Hadley Chase 

Cast
Mireille Darc as Erika Olsen / Christine
Claudio Brook as Garland / Gandler
Giorgia Moll  as Jinny / Nurse Peggy
Edward G  Robinson as Douglas
Pascale Roberts as  Monica Davis
Carl Studer as Captain  Hardy
Jean-Jacques Delbo as  Olsen
Valéry Inkijinoff  as  Fang O Kung
Yves Elliot as  Jackson
Tony Young  as  Yen Hay Sun
Guido Celano as De Luca
Joe Warfield  as Doctor
Philippe March as Bijoutier
Françoise Brion as  Erika Olsen #2
Hellmut Lange  as  Malik
Werner Schwier  as  Smernoff
Passage 8:
Edward Dmytryk
Edward Dmytryk (September 4, 1908 – July 1, 1999) was a Canadian-born American film director and editor  He was known for his 1940s noir films and received an Oscar nomination for Best Director for Crossfire (1947)  In 1947, he was named as one of the Hollywood Ten, a group of blacklisted film industry professionals who refused to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in their investigations during the McCarthy-era Red Scare  They all served time in prison for contempt of Congress  In 1951, however, Dmytryk testified to the HUAC and named individuals, including Arnold Manoff, whose careers were then destroyed for many years, to rehabilitate his own career   First hired again by independent producer Stanley Kramer in 1952, Dmytryk is likely best known for directing The Caine Mutiny (1954), a critical and commercial success  The second-highest-grossing film of the year, it was nominated for Best Picture and several other awards at the 1955 Oscars  Dmytryk was nominated for a Directors Guild Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures 

Background
Dmytryk was born on September 4, 1908, in Grand Forks, British Columbia, Canada   His Ukrainian immigrant parents were Frances (Berezowski) and Michael Dmytryk, a severe disciplinarian who bounced among jobs as truck driver, smelter worker, and motorman   The family moved to San Francisco, California, and then to Los Angeles  After his mother died, his father remarried 

Career
Dmytryk worked as a messenger at Famous Players-Lasky (forerunner of Paramount Pictures) for $6 per week while attending Hollywood High School  He progressed to projectionist, film editor, and by age 31, a director and a naturalized citizen of the United States 

1930–1940s
Dmytryk worked in the editing department on films such as The Dance of Life (1929), Only Saps Work (1930), The Royal Family of Broadway (1930), Make Me a Star (1932), The Phantom President (1932), and If I Had a Million (1932)  He helped edit two Leo McCarey movies: Duck Soup (1933) and Six of a Kind (1934)  He edited College Rhythm (1934), followed by Leo McCarey's Ruggles of Red Gap (1935) 
Dmytryk made his directorial debut with The Hawk (1935), a low-budget, independent Western  He returned to editing duties at Paramount, but was assigned to B films:Too Many Parents (1936), Three Cheers for Love (1936), Three Married Men (1936), Easy to Take (1936), Murder Goes to College (1937), Turn Off the Moon (1937), Double or Nothing (1937) with Bing Crosby, and That Navy Spirit (1937)   Dmytryk also edited Bulldog Drummond's Peril (1938) and Prison Farm (1938)  He moved his way to A movies with Zaza (1938), directed by George Cukor  McCarey asked him over to RKO to edit Love Affair (1939)  He returned to Paramount to edit the Bob Hope comedy Some Like It Hot (1939) 
Dmytryk did some uncredited directing on Million Dollar Legs (1939) with Betty Grable  This encouraged Paramount to allow him to direct Television Spy (1939)  He followed it with Emergency Squad (1940), Golden Gloves (1940), and Mystery Sea Raider (1940) with Carole Landis 
Dmytryk went to Monogram Pictures to direct the musical Her First Romance (1940) 
He went over to Columbia to direct for its B picture unit: The Devil Commands (1941) with Boris Karloff, Under Age (1941), Broadway Ahead (1941), Hot Pearls (1941), Secrets of the Lone Wolf (1941), Confessions of Boston Blackie (1941), and Counter-Espionage (1942), a "Lone Wolf" movie 
Dmytryk signed a contract to RKO, where he continued to direct B movies, starting with Seven Miles from Alcatraz (1942)  However, he then made Hitler's Children (1943), which turned out to be a massive "sleeper" hit, earning over $3 million The one-time success did not immediately change his career, and he remained in B movies such as The Falcon Strikes Back (1943), and then went to Universal for Captive Wild Woman (1943)  Back at RKO, he directed Behind the Rising Sun (1943), a Hitler's Children-style thriller about the Japanese  It was another box-office sensation, and Dmytryk was promoted to A films Dmytryk directed Ginger Rogers, RKO's biggest star, in the melodrama Tender Comrade (1943), which was a huge hit  He followed it with  the popular film noir Murder, My Sweet (1944), adapted from Raymond Chandler's novel Farewell, My Lovely by John Paxton and produced by Adrian Scott; the star was Dick Powell, whose performance as Philip Marlow completely revitalized Powell's career  Dymtryk did Back to Bataan (1945), a war film starring John Wayne, then he was reunited with Powell, Paxton, and Scott for another film noir, Cornered (1945)  He did Till the End of Time (1946), a drama about soldiers coming back from the war, which was a big hit, and went to England to make So Well Remembered (1947) with Paxton and Scott 
Dmytryk, Scott, and Paxton then collaborated on the hugely successful thriller Crossfire (1947), for which Dmytryk received a Best Director Oscar nomination  The success of his pictures and recognition from his peers established him as RKO's leading director 

Hollywood Ten
After the war, many Americans were alarmed by the Cold War actions of the Soviet Union in central and western Europe, magnified by reports of covert communist activity in the U S   Fueled by the accusations of U S  Senator Joseph McCarthy, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigated Communist Party influence in the film industry as part of a period known as McCarthism (or the "Second Red Scare")  Dmytryk was among those called to testify about it before HUAC in 1947  Dmytryk briefly had been a Communist Party member in 1944 and 1945  He was persuaded by his former party associates to join nine other Hollywood figures in a public refusal to testify  The Hollywood Ten were cited for contempt of Congress and sentenced to prison terms  Dmytryk was fired from RKO 
Dmytryk fled to England and unofficially was ostracized by the American film industry and his former friends in it  In England, he made two films for producer Nat Bronstein: a thriller Obsession (1949), and Give Us This Day (1949), a neo-realistic movie sympathetic to the working man, based on the novel Christ in Concrete  The latter movie, which was successful in Europe, was released as Christ in Concrete in the United States and quickly suppressed  When his U S  passport expired, Dmytryk returned to the United States, where he was arrested and imprisoned  He served four months and 17 days in Millspoint Prison, West Virginia 
On April 25, 1951, Dmytryk appeared before HUAC for the second time and answered all questions  He spoke of his own brief party membership in 1945 and named party members, including seven film directors: Arnold Manoff, Frank Tuttle, Herbert Biberman, Jack Berry, Bernard Vorhaus, Jules Dassin, and Michael Gordon, and 15 others  He said that he was prompted to change his mind by the Alger Hiss case, the discovery of spies in the U S  and Canada, and the invasion of South Korea  He said that John Howard Lawson, Adrian Scott, Albert Maltz, and others had pressured him to include communist elements in his films  His testimony damaged several court cases that others of the "Ten" had filed He recounted his experiences of the period in his 1996 book, Odd Man Out: A Memoir of the Hollywood Ten 

1950s–1980s
Dmytryk's first film after his testimony was Mutiny (1952) from the King Brothers  Independent American producer Stanley Kramer then hired Dmytryk to direct a trio of low-budget films for Kramer's company, which were released through Columbia: The Sniper (1952), Eight Iron Men (1952) and The Juggler (1953) with Kirk Douglas  In between, he directed Three Lives (1953), a short film for the United Jewish Appeal Kramer then selected Dmytryk to direct Humphrey Bogart and Van Johnson in Columbia's The Caine Mutiny (1954), a World War II naval drama adapted from Herman Wouk's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel   It proved to be a great critical and commercial success, ranking second among high-grossing films of the year, and in 1955, received Oscar nominations for Best Picture and Best Actor Dmytryk went over to 20th Century Fox, where he directed Spencer Tracy and Robert Wagner in Broken Lance (1954)  He went to England to do The End of the Affair (1955) with Deborah Kerr and Van Johnson for Columbia, then returned to Fox to make Soldier of Fortune (1955) with Clark Gable, The Left Hand of God (1955) with Bogart, and The Mountain (1956) with Tracy and Wagner  Dmytryk produced the latter He went to MGM, then under his old RKO boss Dore Schary, to make Raintree County (1957) with Montgomery Clift and Elizabeth Taylor  At Fox, he did The Young Lions (1958), a popular war film with Clift and Marlon Brando, then the Western Warlock (1959) (which he produced), and a flop remake of The Blue Angel (1959) Dmytryk made Walk on the Wild Side (1962) for producer Charles Feldman  He produced and directed The Reluctant Saint (1962)  He had a huge hit with The Carpetbaggers (1964) from the novel by Harold Robbins for producer Joseph E  Levine  He was given Where Love Has Gone (1964), another Robbins adaptation by Levine  This was followed by the Gregory Peck thriller Mirage (1965), the William Holden Western Alvarez Kelly (1966), a war film Anzio, (1968) and Shalako (1968), a Western with Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot Dmytryk wrote and directed Bluebeard (1972) with Richard Burton  He did the little-seen He Is My Brother (1975) and The 'Human' Factor (1975)  His last film was Not Only Strangers (1979) In the 1980s, Dmytryk entered academic life  He taught about film and directing at the University of Texas at Austin and at the University of Southern California film school  He wrote several books on the art of film-making (such as On Film Editing and On Screenwriting)  He also appeared on the lecture circuit, speaking at various colleges and theaters, such as the Orson Welles Cinema 

Personal life and death
Dmytryk married his second wife, actress Jean Porter, on May 12, 1948  He died at age 90 on July 1, 1999, in Encino, California, from heart and kidney failure  He was buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Hollywood 

Legacy and honors
1948: Best Director (Oscar nomination) for Crossfire
1955: Best Picture (Oscars nomination) for The Caine Mutiny
1955: Directors Guild Award (nomination) for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures

Filmography
This filmography lists all the feature films directed by Dmytryk and may be complete:

See also
The Hollywood Ten documentary
Passage 9:
Grace Ciao
Grace Ciao is a fashion illustrator from Singapore 

Early life
Ciao was born in Singapore 

Education
Ciao graduated with a degree in business from National University of Singapore 

Career
Ciao is known for her illustrations using real flower petals and watercolor painting Ciao grew up developing an interest in fashion, trying to recreate the designs she saw on TV and in magazines  She began using petals for illustration after wanting to preserve a red rose that was given to her  Her designs are mainly dresses, using natural form of each flower on her illustrations, so each piece has an element of realism as well as fantasy  She has created illustrations for companies such as Chanel, Christian Dior, and Fendi 
Passage 10:
An American in Buenos Aires
An American in Buenos Aires (Spanish: Una Americana en Buenos Aires) is a 1961  Argentine film directed by George Cahan  The film was based on the story by Antonio de Lara  The film starred Mamie Van Doren and Jean-Pierre Aumont  It is also known by the alternative title of The Blonde from Buenos Aires 
The movie was Van Doren's last film for three years  She didn't return to the screen until 1964, playing the lead role in The Candidate 

Cast
Mamie Van Doren
Jean-Pierre Aumont
Carlos Estrada
Catherine Zabó
Juan Carlos Mareco
Nathán Pinzón
Guido Gorgatti
Chela Ruíz

External links
Una Americana en Buenos Aires at IMDb
Context 3:  Daly, recruited Govan to run the Los Angeles County Museum of Art  Govan has stated that he was drawn to the role not only because of LACMA's geographical distance from its European and east coast peers, but also because of the museum's relative youth, having been established in 1961  "I felt that because of this newness I had the opportunity to reconsider the museum," Govan has written, "[and] Los Angeles is a good place to do that "Govan has been widely regarded for transforming LACMA into both a local and international landmark  Since Govan's arrival, LACMA has acquired by donation or purchase over 27,000 works for the permanent collection, and the museum's gallery space has almost doubled thanks to the addition of two new buildings designed by Renzo Piano, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum (BCAM) and the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Pavilion  LACMA's annual attendance has grown from 600,000 to nearly 1 6 million in 2016 

Artist collaborations
Since his arrival, Govan has commissioned exhibition scenography and gallery designs in collaboration with artists  In 2006, for example, Govan invited LA artist John Baldessari to design an upcoming exhibition about the Belgian surrealist René Magritte, resulting in a theatrical show that reflected the twisted perspective of the latter's topsy-turvy world  Baldessari has also designed LACMA's logo  Since then, Govan has also commissioned Cuban-American artist Jorge Pardo to design LACMA's Art of the Ancient Americas gallery, described in the Los Angeles Times as a "gritty cavern deep inside the earth     crossed with a high-style urban lounge "Govan has also commissioned several large-scale public artworks for LACMA's campus from contemporary California artists  These include Chris Burden's Urban Light (2008), a series of 202 vintage street lamps from different neighborhoods in Los Angeles, arranged in front of the entrance pavilion, Barbara Kruger's Untitled (Shafted) (2008), Robert Irwin's Primal Palm Garden (2010), and Michael Heizer's Levitated Mass, a 340-ton boulder transported 100 miles from the Jurupa Valley to LACMA, a widely publicized journey that culminated with a large celebration on Wilshire Boulevard  Thanks in part to the popularity of these public artworks, LACMA was ranked the fourth most instagrammed museum in the world in 2016 In his first three full years, the museum raised $251 million—about $100 million more than it collected during the three years before he arrived  In 2010, it was announced that Govan will steer LACMA for at least six more years  In a letter dated February 24, 2013, Govan, along with the LACMA board's co-chairmen Terry Semel and Andrew Gordon, proposed a merger with the financially troubled Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and a plan to raise $100 million for the combined museum 

Zumthor Project
Govan's latest project is an ambitious building project, the replacement of four of the campus's aging buildings with a single new state of the art gallery building designed by architect Peter Zumthor  As of January 2017, he has raised about $300 million in commitments  Construction is expected to begin in 2018, and the new building will open in 2023, to coincide with the opening of the new D Line metro stop on Wilshire Boulevard  The project also envisages dissolving all existing curatorial departments and departmental collections  Some commentators have been highly critical of Govan's plans  Joseph Giovannini, recalling Govan's technically unrealizable onetime plan to hang Jeff Koons' Train sculpture from the facade of the Ahmanson Gallery, has accused Govan of "driving the institution over a cliff into an equivalent mid-air wreck of its own"  Describing the collection merging proposal as the creation of a "giant raffle bowl of some 130,000 objects", Giovannini also points out that the Zumthor building will contain 33% less gallery space than the galleries it will replace, and that the linear footage of wall space available for displays will decrease by about 7,500 ft, or 1 5 miles  Faced with losing a building named in its honor, and anticipating that its acquisitions could no longer be displayed, the Ahmanson Foundation withdrew its support 
On the merging of the separate curatorial divisions to create a non-departmental art museum, Christopher Knight has pointed out that "no other museum of LACMA's size and complexity does it" that way, and characterized the museum's 2019 "To Rome and Back" exhibition, the first to take place under the new scheme, as "bland and ineffectual" and an "unsuccessful sample of what's to come" 

Personal life
Govan is married and has two daughters, one from a previous marriage  He and his family used to live in a $6 million mansion in Hancock Park that was provided by LACMA - a benefit worth $155,000 a year, according to most recent tax filings - until LACMA decided that it would sell the property to make up for the museum's of almost $900 million in debt [2]  That home is now worth nearly $8 million and Govan now lives in a trailer park in Malibu's Point Dume region 
Los Angeles CA 90020
United States  He has had a private pilot's license since 1995 and keeps a 1979 Beechcraft Bonanza at Santa Monica Airport 
Passage 6:
John Donatich
John Donatich is the Director of Yale University Press 

Early life
He received a BA from New York University in 1982, graduating magna cum laude  He also got a master's degree from NYU in 1984, graduating summa cum laude 

Career
Donatich worked as director of National Accounts at Putnam Publishing Group from 1989 to 1992 His writing has appeared in various periodicals including Harper's, The Atlantic Monthly and The Village Voice 
He worked at HarperCollins from 1992 to 1996, serving as director of national accounts and then as vice president and director of product and marketing development From 1995 to 2003, Donatich served as publisher and vice president of Basic Books  While there, he started the Art of Mentoring series of books, which would run from 2001 to 2008   While at Basic Books, Donatich published such authors as Christopher Hitchens, Steven Pinker, Samantha Power, Alan Dershowitz, Sir Martin Rees and Richard Florida 
In 2003, Donatich became the director of the Yale University Press   At Yale, Donatich published such authors as Michael Walzer, Janet Malcolm, E  H  Gombrich, Michael Fried, Edmund Morgan and T  J   Clark   Donatich began the Margellos World Republic of Letters, a literature in translation series that published such authors as Adonis, Norman Manea and Claudio Magris  He also launched the digital archive platform, The Stalin Digital Archive and the Encounters Chinese Language multimedia platform 
In 2009, he briefly gained media attention when he was involved in the decision to expunge the Muhammad cartoons from the Yale University Press book The Cartoons that Shook the World, for fear of Muslim violence He is the author of a memoir, Ambivalence, a Love Story, and a novel, The Variations 

Books
Ambivalence, a Love Story: Portrait of a Marriage (memoir), St  Martin's Press, 2005 
The Variations (novel), Henry Holt, March, 2012

Articles
Why Books Still Matter, Journal of Scholarly Publishing, Volume 40, Number 4, July 2009, pp  329–342, E-ISSN 1710-1166 Print ISSN 1198-9742

Personal life
Donatich is married to Betsy Lerner, a literary agent and author; together they have a daughter, Raffaella 
Passage 7:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School



ground_truth: The Piper'S Price

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which award the director of film Lady Magdalene'S got?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 8:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 9:
Lady Magdalene's
Lady Magdalene's is a film directed, written and produced by J  Neil Schulman and starring Nichelle Nichols (who also received an executive producer credit)  The movie was J  Neil Schulman's debut as a director, and Nichelle Nichols' debut as a producer 

Plot
Jack Goldwater, an IRS agent on loan to the Federal Air Marshal Service, is relieved of field duty after insulting a powerful U S  senator, and finds himself exiled to a humiliating desk job in Nevada as the federal receiver managing a legal brothel in tax default, where—with the help of the brothel Madam, Lady Magdalene—he uncovers an Al Qaeda plot to unload a nuclear-bomb-sized crate at Hoover Dam 

Cast (opening titles)
Nichelle Nichols as Lady Magdalene
Ethan Keogh as Jack Goldwater
Susan Smythe as Angel
Claudia Lynx as Scheherazade
Alexander Wraith as Yassin Salem
Mark Gilvary as The Director & FBI SAC Broderick
J  Neil Schulman as Ali the American
Said Faraj as Gamal Hosny
Mara Marini as Nurse Gretchen
Vince Martorano as IRS Agent Lewis Heinlein
Hope McBane as Sinead
Michele Redmond as Eden
Keyaria Rodriguez as Pixie

Release
The movie was produced by Schulman's own film company Jesulu Productions  After film-festival play the full movie was released on YouTube 

Awards
The film won three film-festival awards: "Best Cutting Edge Film" at the 2008 San Diego Film Festival, "Audience Choice -- Feature-Length Narrative Film" at the 2008 Cinema City International Film Festival held on the Universal Hollywood Citywalk, and "Special Jury Prize for Libertarian Ideals" at the 2011 Anthem Film Festival/FreedomFest held at Bally's Las Vegas 
Passage 10:
J  Neil Schulman
Joseph Neil Schulman (; April 16, 1953 – August 10, 2019) was an American novelist who wrote Alongside Night (published 1979) and The Rainbow Cadenza (published 1983) which both received the Prometheus Award, a libertarian science fiction award  His third novel, Escape from Heaven, was also a finalist for the 2002 Prometheus Award  His fourth and last novel, The Fractal Man, was a finalist for the 2019 Prometheus Award 

Biography
Schulman was born in Forest Hills, Queens on April 16, 1953   He was the author of nine other books currently in print, including a short story collection, Nasty, Brutish, and Short Stories, Stopping Power: Why 70 Million Americans Own Guns, and The Robert Heinlein Interview and Other Heinleiniana He wrote the Twilight Zone episode "Profile in Silver", first broadcast on CBS March 7, 1986  Schulman died on August 10, 2019 at the age of 66, three days after suffering a pulmonary embolism 

Filmmaking
Schulman was the writer, director, executive producer (along with Nichelle Nichols) of the movie Lady Magdalene's, which was produced by Schulman's own company Jesulu Productions  The movie won three film-festival awards: "Best Cutting Edge Film" at the 2008 San Diego Black Film Festival, "Audience Choice – Feature-Length Narrative Film" at the 2008 Cinema City International Film Festival held on the Universal Hollywood Citywalk, and "Special Jury Prize for Libertarian Ideals" at the 2011 Anthem Film Festival/FreedomFest held at Bally's Las Vegas In 2013, Schulman completed production on a feature-film of Alongside Night, starring Kevin Sorbo, Jake Busey, Tim Russ, Garrett Wang, Mara Marini, and Gary Graham  The movie premiered in 2014 and had a limited theatrical release  It was released for streaming on iTunes, Amazon Video and Amazon Prime and as a Blu-ray/DVD combo pack 

Views
Schulman was a known proponent of the anarchist philosophy agorism, which was developed by Samuel Edward Konkin III  Though originally a supporter of the War on Terror, he was opposed to U S  military occupations or operations in the Middle East  Schulman also supported free trade and was against tariffs 

Books
Schulman is author of:
Alongside Night (Crown Publishers, 1979; Pulpless Com 1999) Libertarian Futurist Society gold medallion winner, 1989
The Rainbow Cadenza  (Simon & Schuster, 1983; Pulpless Com, 2017) 1984 Prometheus Award winner for Best Libertarian SF Novel
Self Control Not Gun Control (Synapse-Centurion, 1995; Pulpless Com 1999)
Profile in Silver and Other Screenwritings (Pulpless Com, 1999)
The Frame of the Century? (Pulpless Com, 1999)
Escape from Heaven (Pulpless Com, 2002) 2003 Prometheus Award finalist for Best Libertarian SF Novel
The Heartmost Desire (Pulpless Com, 2013)
Unchaining the Human Heart – A Revolutionary Manifesto (Pulpless Com, 2017)
I Met God – God without Religion, Scripture, or Faith (Pulpless Com, 2017)
Atheist to Believer (Pulpless Com, 2017)
J  Neil Schulman's The Book of Words (Pulpless Com, 2017)
The Fractal Man (Steve Heller Publishing, 2018) 2019 Prometheus Award finalist for Best Libertarian SF Novel
Origitent: Why Original Content Is Property (Steve Heller Publishing, 2018)
Why Original Content Is Property – Kindle edition by J  Neil Schulman, Wendy McElroy, Samuel Edward Konkin III, Stephan Kinsella, Steve Heller 



ground_truth: Prometheus Award