prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the wife of Lou Breslow born?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Eunoë (wife of Bogudes)
Eunoë Maura was the wife of Bogudes, King of Western Mauretania  Her name has also been spelled Euries or Euryes or Eunoa 

Biography
Early life
Eunoë Maura was thought to be descended from Berbers, but her name is Greek so it appears she might have been from there or had Greek ancestry  She was likely of very high status, as she is mentioned by historian Suetonius in the same context as Cleopatra 

Marriage
At an unspecified early date in her marriage to her husband Bogud he mounted an expedition along the Atlantic coast, seemingly venturing into the tropics  When he returned he presented his wife Eunoë with gigantic reeds and asparagus he had found on the journey She is believed to have been a mistress of Julius Caesar  She may have replaced Cleopatra in Caesar's affections, when he arrived in North Africa prior to the Battle of Thapsus on 6 April 46 BC, the two were among several queens courted by Caesar  It is also possible that they first met in Spain if she accompanied her husband there on a campaign  Only a brief romance for the Roman, both Eunoe and Bogudes profited through gifts bestowed on them by Caesar  Caesar departed from Africa in June 46 BC, five and a half months after he landed 

Cultural depictions
Eunoë and Caesar's affair is greatly exaggerated and expanded on in the Medieval French prose work Faits des Romains  Jeanette Beer in her book A Medieval Caesar states that the Roman general is "transformed into Caesar, the medieval chevalier" in the text, and that the author is more interested in Caesar's sexual dominance over the queen than the political dominance he held over her husband Bogud  The text describes her; "Eunoe was the most beautiful woman in four kingdoms — nevertheless, she was Moorish", which Beer further analysed as being indicative of the fact that it was unimaginable to audiences of the time to believe that a lover of Caesar could be ugly, but that Moors still represented everything that was ugly to them Eunoë has also been depicted in several novels about Caesar, as well as serialized stories in The Cornhill Magazine  In such fiction her character often serves as a foil for the relationship between Caesar and another woman, mostly Cleopatra, such as in The Memoirs of Cleopatra, The Bloodied Toga and When We Were Gods  In Song of the Nile she also plays a posthumous role as a person of interest for Cleopatra's daughter Selene II who became queen of Mauritania after her Eunoe has also been depicted in a numismatic drawing by Italian artist and polymath Jacopo Strada, who lived in the 16th century  There is however no archaeological evidence of a coin that bears her name or picture 

See also
Women in ancient Rome
Passage 2:
Lou Breslow
Lou Breslow (born Lewis Breslow; July 18, 1900 – November 10, 1987) was an American screenwriter and film director  He wrote for 70 films between 1928 and 1955  He also directed seven films between 1932 and 1951 and wrote scripts for both Laurel and Hardy in their first two films at 20th Century Fox, and Abbott and Costello 
Breslow married film actress and comedian Marion Byron in 1932, and remained married until her death in 1985 

Selected filmography
The Human Tornado (1925)
Sitting Pretty (1933)
Punch Drunks (1934 - directed)
Gift of Gab (1934)
Music Is Magic (1935)
The Man Who Wouldn't Talk (1940)
Great Guns (1941)
Blondie Goes to College (1942)
A-Haunting We Will Go (1942)
Follow the Boys (1944)
Abbott and Costello in Hollywood (1945)
You Never Can Tell (1951)
Bedtime for Bonzo (1951)
Passage 3:
Artaynte
Artaynte (f  478 BC), was the wife of the Crown Prince Darius 

Life
Daughter of an unnamed woman and Prince Masistes, a marshall of the armies during the invasion of Greece in 480-479 BC, and the brother of King Xerxes I 
During the Greek campaign Xerxes developed a passionate desire for the wife of Masistes, but she would constantly resist and would not bend to his will  Upon his return to Sardis, the king endeavoured to bring about the marriage of his son Daris to Artaynte, the daughter of this woman the wife of Masistes, supposing that by doing so he could obtain her more easily 
After moving to Susa he brought Artaynte to the royal house with him for his son Daris, but fell in love with her himself, and after obtaining her they became lovers  
At the behest of Xerxes, Artaynte committed adultery with him (Xerxes)  When queen Amestris found out, she did not seek revenge against Artaynte, but against her mother, Masistes' wife, as Amestris thought that it was her connivance  On Xerxes' birthday, Amestris sent for his guards and mutilated Masistes' wife by cutting off her breasts and threw them to dogs, and her nose and ears and lips also, and cutting out her tongue as well  On seeing this, Masistes fled to Bactria to start a revolt, but was intercepted by Xerxes' army who killed him and his sons 
Passage 4:
Papianilla (wife of Tonantius Ferreolus)
Papianilla (born 415) was a Roman noblewoman 
She was the wife of Tonantius Ferreolus  Another Papianilla, the wife of the poet Sidonius Apollinaris, was a relative of hers She had Tonantius Ferreolus and other sons 

Notes
Sources
"Papianilla 1", Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume 2, p  830 
Passage 5:
Catherine Exley
Catherine Exley (1779–1857) was an English diarist  She was the wife of a soldier who accompanied her husband when he served in Portugal, Spain, and Ireland during the Napoleonic Wars  Exley is best known as the author of a diary that gives an account of military life in that era from the viewpoint of the wife of a common soldier 

Background
Catherine Whitaker was born at Leeds in 1779 and married Joshua Exley there in 1806  Between  1805 and 1815, Joshua served in the Second Battalion of the 34th Regiment of Foot, initially as a private and then for a little over two years, as a corporal  Exley accompanied her husband for a substantial portion of this time and in due course wrote an account that is probably unique in that it records and reflects on life in the British Army from the perspective of the wife of a soldier who did not reach the rank of an officer 

The diary
Catherine's diary was first published as a booklet issued shortly after her death  A single copy of the booklet is known to exist, it was also reprinted in The Dewsbury Reporter during August 1923  The text of the diary is included in full in a more recently issued book, edited by Professor Rebecca Probert, along with essays on its military and religious context, the treatment of prisoners of war and the role of women in the British, French and Spanish armed forces during the Peninsular War 
The diary unfolds the hardships that both Catherine and her husband suffered during his military service, including one period when they both wrongly thought that the other had died  There are detailed accounts of the births and deaths of children, the cold, hunger and filthy conditions of military life and the horror of the aftermaths of battles  Details of the author's religious experiences which led her to membership of the Methodist church also appear  Exley wrote the diary during the last 20 years before her death, which took place in 1857 at Batley, Yorkshire 
Passage 6:
Waldrada of Lotharingia
Waldrada was the mistress, and later the wife, of Lothair II of Lotharingia 

Biography
Waldrada's family origin is uncertain  The prolific 19th-century French writer Baron Ernouf suggested that Waldrada was of noble Gallo-Roman descent, sister of Thietgaud, the bishop of Trier, and niece of Gunther, archbishop of Cologne  However, these suggestions are not supported by any evidence, and more recent studies have instead suggested she was of relatively undistinguished social origins, though still from an aristocratic milieu 
The Vita Sancti Deicoli states that Waldrada was related to Eberhard II, Count of Nordgau (included Strasbourg) and the family of Etichonids, though this is a late 10th-century source and so may not be entirely reliable on this question In 855 the Carolingian king Lothar II married Teutberga, a Carolingian aristocrat and the daughter of Bosonid Boso the Elder  The marriage was arranged by Lothar's father Lothar I for political reasons  It is very probable that Waldrada was already Lothar II's mistress at this time Teutberga was allegedly not capable of bearing children and Lothar's reign was chiefly occupied by his efforts to obtain an annulment of their marriage, and his relations with his uncles Charles the Bald and Louis the German were influenced by his desire to obtain their support for this endeavour  Lothair, whose desire for annulment was arguably prompted by his affection for Waldrada, put away Teutberga  However, Hucbert took up arms on his sister's behalf, and after she had submitted successfully to the ordeal of water, Lothair was compelled to restore her in 858  Still pursuing his purpose, he won the support of his brother, Emperor Louis II, by a cession of lands and obtained the consent of the local clergy to the annulment and to his marriage with Waldrada, which took place in 862  However, Pope Nicholas I was suspicious of this and sent legates to investigate at the Council of Metz in 863  The Council found in favour of Lothair's divorce, which led to rumours that the papal legates may have bribed and thus meant that Nicholas order Lothair to take Teutberga back or face excommunication  
With the support of Charles the Bald and Louis the German, Teutberga appealed the annulment to Pope Nicholas  Nicholas refused to recognize the annulment and excommunicated Waldrada in 866, forcing Lothair to abandon Waldrada in favour of Teutberga  Lothair accepted this begrudgingly for a time, but shortly afterward at the end of 867 Pope Nicholas I died  Thus, Lothair began to seek the permission of the newly appointed Pope Adrian II to again put Teutberga aside and marry Waldrada, riding to Rome to speak with him on the matter in 869  However, on his way home, Lothair died 

Children
Waldrada and Lothair II had some sons and probably three daughters, all of whom were declared illegitimate:

Hugh (c  855–895), Duke of Alsace (867–885)
Gisela (c  865–908), who in 883 married Godfrey, the Viking leader ruling in Frisia, who was murdered in 885
Bertha (c  863–925), who married Theobald of Arles (c  854–895), count of Arles, nephew of Teutberga  They had two sons, Hugh of Italy and Boso of Tuscany  After Theobald's death, between 895 and 898 she married Adalbert II of Tuscany (c  875–915) They had at least three children: Guy, who succeeded his father as count and duke of Lucca and margrave of Tuscany, Lambert succeeded his brother in 929, but lost the titles in 931 to his half-brother Boso of Tuscany, and Ermengard 
Ermengarde (d  90?)
Odo (d  c 879)
Passage 7:
Marion Byron
Marion Byron (born Miriam Bilenkin; 1911 – 1985) was an American movie comedian 

Early years
Born in Dayton, Ohio, Byron was one of five daughters of Louis and Bertha Bilenkin 

Career
She made her first stage appearance at the age of 13 and followed it with a role in Hollywood Music Box Review opposite Fanny Brice  It was while appearing in this production that she was given the nickname 'Peanuts' on account of her short stature  While appearing in 'The Strawberry Blonde', she came to the attention of Buster Keaton who signed her as his leading lady in the film Steamboat Bill, Jr  in 1928 when she was just 16  From there she was hired by Hal Roach who teamed her with Anita Garvin in a bid to create a female version of Laurel & Hardy  The pairing was not a commercial success and they made just three short features between 1928-9 - Feed 'Em and Weep (1928), Going Ga-Ga (1928) and A Pair of Tights (1929) 
She left the Roach studio before it made talking comedies, then worked in musical features, like the Vitaphone film Broadway Babies (1929) with Alice White, and the early Technicolor feature Golden Dawn (1930) 
Her parts slowly got smaller until they were unbilled walk-ons in movies like Meet the Baron (1933), starring Jack Pearl and Hips Hips Hooray (1934) with Wheeler & Woolsey; she returned to the Hal Roach studio for a bit part in the Charley Chase short It Happened One Day (1934)  Her final screen appearance was as a baby nurse to the Dionne Quintuplets in Five of a Kind (1938) 

Family
Byron married screenwriter Lou Breslow in 1932 and they had two sons, Lawrence and Daniel  They remained together until her death in Santa Monica on July 5, 1985, following a long illness  Her ashes were later scattered in the sea 

Selected filmography
Five of a Kind (1938)
Swellhead (1935)
Gift of Gab (1934)
It Happened One Day (1934)
Hips, Hips, Hooray! (1933)
Only Yesterday (1933)
Meet the Baron (1933)
Husbands’ Reunion (1933)
College Humor (1933)
Melody Cruise (1933)
Breed of the Border (1933)
The Crime of the Century (1933)
The Curse of a Broken Heart (1933)
Lucky Devils (1933)
Trouble in Paradise (1932)
They Call It Sin (1932)
Love Me Tonight (1933)
The Hollywood Handicap (1932)
Week Ends Only (1932)
The Tenderfoot (1932)
The Heart of New York  (1932)
Running Hollywood (1932)
Working Girls (1931)
Children of Dreams (1931)
Girls Demand Excitement (1931)
The Bad Man (1930)
The Matrimonial Bed (1930)
Golden Dawn (1930)
Song of the West (1930)
Playing Around (1930)
Show of Shows (1929)
The Forward Pass (1929) - Mazie
So Long Letty (1929)
Social Sinners (1929)
Broadway Babies (1929)
The Unkissed Man (1929)
His Captive Woman (1929)
A Pair of Tights (1929)
Going Ga–Ga (1929)
Is Everybody Happy? (1929)
Feed’em and Weep (1928)
The Boy Friend (1928)
Plastered in Paris (1928)
Steamboat Bill, Jr  (1928)
Passage 8:
Agatha (wife of Samuel of Bulgaria)
Agatha (Bulgarian: Агата, Greek: Άγάθη; fl  late 10th century) was the wife of Emperor Samuel of Bulgaria 

Biography
According to a later addition to the history of the late-11th-century Byzantine historian John Skylitzes, Agatha was a captive from Larissa, and the daughter of the magnate of Dyrrhachium, John Chryselios  Skylitzes explicitly refers to her as the mother of Samuel's heir Gavril Radomir, which means that she was probably Samuel's wife  On the other hand, Skylitzes later mentions that Gavril Radomir himself also took a beautiful captive, named Irene, from Larissa as his wife  According to the editors of the Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, this may have been a source of confusion for a later copyist, and Agatha's real origin was not Larissa, but Dyrrhachium  According to the same work, it is likely that she had died by ca  998, when her father surrendered Dyrrhachium to the Byzantine emperor Basil II Only two of Samuel's and Agatha's children are definitely known by name: Gavril Radomir and Miroslava  Two further, unnamed, daughters are mentioned in 1018, while Samuel is also recorded as having had a bastard son Agatha is one of the central characters in Dimitar Talev's novel Samuil 
Passage 9:
Empress Shōken
Empress Dowager Shōken (昭憲皇太后, Shōken-kōtaigō, 9 May 1849 – 9 April 1914), born Masako Ichijō (一条勝子, Ichijō Masako), was the wife of Emperor Meiji of Japan  She is also known under the technically incorrect name Empress Shōken (昭憲皇后, Shōken-kōgō)  She was one of the founders of the Japanese Red Cross Society, whose charity work was known throughout the First Sino-Japanese War 

Early life
Lady Masako Ichijō was born on 9 May 1849, in Heian-kyō, Japan  She was the third daughter of Tadayoshi Ichijō, former Minister of the Left and head of the Fujiwara clan's Ichijō branch  Her adoptive mother was one of Prince Fushimi Kuniie's daughters, but her biological mother was Tamiko Niihata, the daughter of a doctor from the Ichijō family  Unusually for the time, she had been vaccinated against smallpox  As a child, Masako was somewhat of a prodigy: she was able to read poetry from the Kokin Wakashū by the age of 4 and had composed some waka verses of her own by the age of 5  By age seven, she was able to read some texts in classical Chinese with some assistance and was studying Japanese calligraphy  By the age of 12, she had studied the koto and was fond of Noh drama  She excelled in the studies of finances, ikebana and Japanese tea ceremony The major obstacle to Lady Masako's eligibility to become empress consort was the fact that she was 3 years older than Emperor Meiji, but this issue was resolved by changing her official birth date from 1849 to 1850  They became engaged on 2 September 1867, when she adopted the given name Haruko (美子), which was intended to reflect her 
serene beauty and diminutive size 
The Tokugawa Bakufu promised 15,000 ryō in gold for the wedding and assigned her an annual income of 500 koku, but as the Meiji Restoration occurred before the wedding could be completed, the promised amounts were never delivered  The wedding was delayed partly due to periods of mourning for Emperor Kōmei,  for her brother Saneyoshi, and the political disturbances around Kyoto between 1867 and 1868 

Empress of Japan
Lady Haruko and Emperor Meiji's wedding was finally officially celebrated on 11 January 1869  She was the first imperial consort to receive the title of both nyōgō and of kōgō (literally, the emperor's wife, translated as "empress consort"), in several hundred years  However, it soon became clear that she was unable to bear children  Emperor Meiji already had 12 children by 5 concubines, though: as custom in Japanese monarchy, Empress Haruko adopted Yoshihito, her husband's eldest son by Lady Yanagihara Naruko, who became Crown Prince  On 8 November 1869, the Imperial House departed from Kyoto for the new capital of Tokyo  In a break from tradition, Emperor Meiji insisted that the Empress and the senior ladies-in-waiting should attend the educational lectures given to the Emperor on a regular basis about national conditions and developments in foreign nations 

Influence
On 30 July 1886, Empress Haruko attended the Peeresses School's graduation ceremony in Western clothing  On 10 August, the imperial couple received foreign guests in Western clothing for the first time when hosting a Western Music concert From this point onward, the Empress' entourage wore only Western-style clothes in public, to the point that in January 1887 
Empress Haruko issued a memorandum on the subject: traditional Japanese dress was not only unsuited to modern life, but Western-style dress was closer than the kimono to clothes worn by Japanese women in ancient times In the diplomatic field, Empress Haruko hosted the wife of former US President Ulysses S  Grant during his visit to Japan  She was also present for her husband's meetings with Hawaiian King Kalākaua in 1881  Later that same year, she helped host the visit of the sons of future British King Edward VII: Princes Albert Victor and George (future George V), who presented her with a pair of pet wallabies from Australia On  26 November 1886, Empress Haruko accompanied her husband to Yokosuka, Kanagawa to observe the new Imperial Japanese Navy cruisers Naniwa and Takachiho firing torpedoes and performing other maneuvers  From 1887, the Empress was often at the Emperor's side in official visits to army maneuvers  When Emperor Meiji fell ill in 1888, Empress Haruko took his place in welcoming envoys from Siam, launching warships and visiting Tokyo Imperial University  In 1889, Empress Haruko accompanied Emperor Meiji on his official visit to Nagoya and Kyoto  While he continued on to visit naval bases at Kure and Sasebo, she went to Nara to worship at the principal Shinto shrines Known throughout her tenure for her support of charity work and women's education during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), Empress Haruko worked for the establishment of the Japanese Red Cross Society  She participated in the organization's administration, especially in their peacetime activities in which she created a money fund for the International Red Cross  Renamed "The Empress Shōken Fund", it is presently used for international welfare activities  After Emperor Meiji moved his military headquarters from Tokyo to Hiroshima to be closer to the lines of communications with his troops, Empress Haruko joined her husband in March 1895  While in Hiroshima, she insisted on visiting hospitals full of wounded soldiers every other day of her stay 

Death
After Emperor Meiji's death in 1912, Empress Haruko was granted the title Empress Dowager (皇太后, Kōtaigō) by her adoptive son, Emperor Taishō  She died in 1914 at the Imperial Villa in Numazu, Shizuoka and was buried in the East Mound of the Fushimi Momoyama Ryo in Fushimi, Kyoto, next to her husband  Her soul was enshrined in Meiji Shrine in Tokyo  On 9 May 1914, she received the posthumous name Shōken Kōtaigō (昭憲皇太后)  Her railway-carriage can be seen today in the Meiji Mura Museum, in Inuyama, Aichi prefecture 

Honours
National
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown, 1 November 1888

Foreign
She received the following orders and decorations:
 Russian Empire: Grand Cross of the Order of St  Catherine, 13 December 1887
 Spain: Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa, 29 November 1889
 Siam: Dame of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 12 October 1899
 German Empire: Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Class, 19 May 1903
 Kingdom of Bavaria: Dame of Honour of the Order of Theresa, 29 February 1904
 Korean Empire: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Auspicious Phoenix, 27 July 1908

Ancestry
See also
Empress of Japan
Ōmiya Palace

Notes
Passage 10:
Hafsa Hatun
Hafsa Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: حفصه خاتون, "young lioness") was a Turkish princess, and a consort of Bayezid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 

Life
Hafsa Hatun was the daughter of Isa Bey, the ruler of the Aydinids  She was married to Bayezid in 1390, upon his conquest of the Aydinids  Her father had surrendered without a fight, and a marriage was arranged between her and Bayezid  Thereafter, Isa was sent into exile in Iznik, shorn of his power, where he subsequently died  Her marriage strengthened the bonds between the two families 

Charities
Hafsa Hatun's public works are located within her father's territory and may have been built before she married Bayezid  She commissioned a fountain in Tire city and a Hermitage in Bademiye, and a mosque known as "Hafsa Hatun Mosque" between 1390 and 1392 from the money she received in her dowry 

See also
Ottoman dynasty
Ottoman Empire
Context 2: Passage 1:
Henri Verdun
Henri Verdun (1895–1977) was a French composer of film scores 

Selected filmography
Napoléon (1927)
The Sweetness of Loving (1930)
The Levy Department Stores (1932)
The Lacquered Box (1932)
The Weaker Sex (1933)
The Flame (1936)
Girls of Paris (1936)
The Assault (1936)
Les Disparus de Saint-Agil (1938)
The Woman Thief (1938)
Ernest the Rebel (1938)
Rail Pirates (1938)
The Fatted Calf (1939)
Camp Thirteen (1940)
The Man Without a Name (1943)
The Bellman (1945)
My First Love (1945)
The Murderer is Not Guilty (1946)
Distress (1946)
The Fugitive (1947)
The Ironmaster (1948)
The Tragic Dolmen (1948)
The Ladies in the Green Hats (1949)
La Fugue de Monsieur Perle (1952)
The Lovers of Midnight (1953)
The Big Flag (1954)
Blood to the Head (1956)
Passage 2:
Tarcisio Fusco
Tarcisio Fusco was an Italian composer of film scores  He was the brother of the composer Giovanni Fusco and the uncle of operatic soprano Cecilia Fusco 

Selected filmography
Boccaccio (1940)
Free Escape (1951)
Abracadabra (1952)
The Eternal Chain (1952)
Beauties in Capri (1952)
Milanese in Naples (1954)
Conspiracy of the Borgias (1959)
Passage 3:
Walter Ulfig
Walter Ulfig was a German composer of film scores 

Selected filmography
Das Meer (1927)
Venus im Frack (1927)
Svengali (1927)
Bigamie (1927)
Homesick (1927)
The Awakening of Woman (1927)
The Famous Woman (1927)
Alpine Tragedy (1927)
The Strange Case of Captain Ramper (1927)
Assassination (1927)
Queen Louise (1927)
Homesick (1927)
Das Schicksal einer Nacht (1927)
The Hunt for the Bride (1927)
The Orlov (1927)
Serenissimus and the Last Virgin (1928)
Mariett Dances Today (1928))
The Woman from Till 12 (1928)
The Beloved of His Highness (1928)
The Schorrsiegel Affair (1928)
It Attracted Three Fellows (1928)
Miss Chauffeur (1928)
The King of Carnival (1928)
The Weekend Bride (1928)
Honeymoon (1928)
Spring Awakening (1929)
The Right of the Unborn (1929)
The Heath Is Green (1932)
Höllentempo (1933)
The Two Seals (1934)
Pappi (1934)
Mädchenräuber (1936)

Bibliography
Jung, Uli & Schatzberg, Walter  Beyond Caligari: The Films of Robert Wiene  Berghahn Books, 1999 

External links
Walter Ulfig at IMDb
Passage 4:
Bert Grund
Bert Grund (1920–1992) was a German composer of film scores 

Selected filmography
Crown Jewels (1950)
Immortal Light (1951)
I Can't Marry Them All (1952)
We're Dancing on the Rainbow (1952)
My Wife Is Being Stupid (1952)
Knall and Fall as Detectives (1952)
The Bachelor Trap (1953)
The Bird Seller (1953)
The Immortal Vagabond (1953)
The Sun of St  Moritz (1954)
The Witch (1954)
The Major and the Bulls (1955)
Operation Sleeping Bag (1955)
Love's Carnival (1955)
The Marriage of Doctor Danwitz (1956)
Between Time and Eternity (1956)
That Won't Keep a Sailor Down (1958)
Arena of Fear (1959)
The Thousand Eyes of Dr  Mabuse (1960)
The Count of Luxemburg (1972)
Mathias Sandorf (1979, TV series)
Die Wächter (1986, TV miniseries)
Carmen on Ice (1990)
Passage 5:
Miracle of Marcelino
Miracle of Marcelino (Spanish: Marcelino, pan y vino, "Marcelino, bread and wine") is a 1955 Spanish film written by José Maria Sanchez-Silva, based on his novel, and directed by Ladislao Vajda  It starred, Juan Calvo (who also starred together as Don Quixote and Sancho Panza in the 1947 Spanish film version of Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote) and the young child star Pablito Calvo (no relation to Juan) as Marcelino  The musical score and theme song – sung in full during the action, rather than at the start of the film – are by Pablo Sorozábal 
The story, revised and modernised in both the book and film, dates back to a medieval legend, one of many gathered together in a volume by Alfonso el Sabio  It was a critical and commercial success, and other countries have produced versions of it 

Plot
The story revolves around Marcelino, an orphan abandoned as a baby on the steps of a monastery in nineteenth-century Spain  The monks raise the child, and Marcelino grows into a rowdy young boy  He has been warned by the monks not to visit the monastery attic, where a "very big man who will take him away" lives, but he ventures upstairs anyway, sees the man and tears off back down the stairs 
At a festival, Marcelino causes havoc when he accidentally topples a pile of fruit and lets some animals loose   The new local mayor, a blacksmith whom the monks would not let adopt Marcelino because of his coarse behaviour, uses the incident as an excuse to try to shut down the monastery 
Given the silent treatment by the monks, Marcelino gathers up the courage to once again enter the attic, where he sees not a bogeyman, but a beautiful statue of Christ on the Cross  Remarking that the statue looks hungry, Marcelino steals some bread and wine and offers it to the statue, which comes to life, descends from the Cross, and eats and drinks what the boy has brought him  The statue becomes Marcelino's best friend and confidant and begins to give him religious instruction  For his part, Marcelino realizes that the statue is Christ 
The monks know something is strange when they notice bread and wine disappearing, and arrange to spy on Marcelino  One day, the statue notices that Marcelino is pensive and brooding instead of happy, and tells him that he would like to reward his kindness  Marcelino answers: "I want only to see my mother, and to see Yours after that"  The statue cradles Marcelino in its arms, tells Marcelino to sleep - and Marcelino dies happy 
The monks witness the miracle through a crack in the attic door and burst in just in time to see the dead Marcelino bathed in a heavenly glow  The statue returns to its place on the Cross, and Marcelino is buried underneath the chapel and venerated by all who visit the now flourishing monastery-turned-shrine 
The main story is told in flashback by a monk (played by Fernando Rey), who, visiting a dying girl, tells her the story of Marcelino for inspiration  The film ends with the monk entering the now completely remodelled chapel in the monastery during Mass, and saying to the crucifix once kept in the attic: "We have been speaking about You, O Lord", and then, to Marcelino's grave, which is situated nearby, "And about you, too, Marcelino "

Cast
Legacy
The film remains one of the most famous and successful Spanish films ever made in history, and one of the first Spanish films to become successful in the U S  as well 
Three key scenes of the film were filmed in La Alberca (Salamanca)  Its Plaza Mayor serves as a stage for the initial scene, in which the narrator friar, Fernando Rey, goes down to the village to tell the sick child the story of Marcellino  The scene of the market, where Marcelino has just climbed into a cockpit after causing the stampede of a yoke of oxen  Finally, back to the convent, they pass in front of the Hermitage of San Blas of said locality  All the atmosphere related to the convent is located in the chapel of the Cristo del Caloco in El Espinar (Segovia) one which has great devotion in the region;
The figure of the Christ, however, does not correspond to that of the Caloco, but is a sculpture of the sculptor Antonio Simont and is currently on the altar of the Chapel of St  Teresa of the Convent of the Carmelites of Don Benito (Badajoz)  There it ended up at the wish of one of the sound engineers of the film, Miguel López Cabrera, whose sister was a nun in the convent 

Remakes
A Philippine remake of Miracle of Marcelino, under its original title, was released in 1979 
An Italian remake, Marcellino, was produced in 1991 in color, and was much less successful than the original film 
In 2000, VIP Toons of Spain, PMMP and TF1 of France and Nippon Animation of Japan created the first TV series adaptation of the story, also titled Marcelino Pan y Vino after the original novel   The first 26-episode run (2000-2001) was adapted into several languages, including French, Spanish, Tagalog, Portuguese, and Italian, and became a success across Europe  An additional 26 episodes were made in 2004 and aired in Germany in 2006 
The film became the inspiration for the 2009–2010 ABS-CBN teleserye, May Bukas Pa 
A Mexican remake was released on 16 December 2010, with the basic storyline and framed by the Mexican Revolution of 1910 
The 2023 Brazilian telenovela Amor Perfeito is also based on Marcelino, pan y vino 

Awards
Won1955 Cannes Film FestivalOCIC Award - Special Mention
Pablito Calvo - Special Mention
5th Berlin International Film Festival: Silver BearNominated1955 Cannes Film Festival: Palme d'Or
Passage 6:
José María Sánchez-Silva
José María Sánchez-Silva y García-Morales (11 November 1911 – 13 January 2002) was a Spanish writer  He received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1968 for his contribution to children's literature  He is best known for his novel Marcelino Bread and Wine (1953) which was filmed in 1955, as Miracle of Marcelino 

Early life
Sánchez-Silva was born in Madrid  His father, also José María Sánchez Silva, was a journalist close to anarchism, writing in the journal Earth, who went into exile in 1939  The family had been unstructured and the son (Sánchez-Silva) at times was practically a vagrant child  He joined institutions for orphans and children at risk such as Del Pardo School of Madrid (dependent on the City Council of Madrid)  In these institutions he learned typing and shorthand, which earned him a stenographer's position in Madrid



ground_truth: Dayton, Ohio

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the place of death of the composer of film Miracle Of Marcelino?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Career
In 1934, he published his first book The Man in the Scarf 
During the Spanish Civil War, he remained in the Republican zone in Madrid, working with the Falange until Nationalist troops entered the city  In 1939, he began working as a journalist in the newspaper Arriba  He became assistant principal of the paper and collaborated with the newspaper El Pueblo 
Sánchez-Silva won fame as a result of Marcelino Bread and Wine (Marcelino, pan y vino, 1953), which was made into a film by Ladislao Vajda as Miracle of Marcelino, and became one of the great successes of Spanish cinema worldwide  It was further adapted into Marcelino (anime) 
After the success of Marcelino, he returned to the character in stories Marcelino Pan y Vino and Adventures in the sky Marcelino Pan y Vino 
Together with José Luis Sáenz de Heredia, he was the author of the screenplay of the movie Franco, ese hombre, a biography in the caudillo 

Awards
The biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books  Sánchez-Silva received the writing award in 1966 He won the Spanish prize for literature in 1957 
Passage 7:
Abe Meyer
Abe Meyer (1901–1969) was an American composer of film scores 

Selected filmography
Painted Faces (1929)
Honeymoon Lane (1931)
Unholy Love (1932)
A Strange Adventure (1932)
Take the Stand (1934)
Legong (1935)
The Unwelcome Stranger (1935)
Suicide Squad (1935)
The Mine with the Iron Door (1936)
The Devil on Horseback (1936)
Song of the Trail (1936)
County Fair (1937)
The 13th Man (1937)
Raw Timber (1937)
Roaring Timber (1937)
The Law Commands (1937)
The Painted Trail (1938)
My Old Kentucky Home (1938)
The Secret of Treasure Island (1938)
Saleslady (1938)
Numbered Woman  (1938)
The Marines Are Here (1938)
Fisherman's Wharf (1939)
Undercover Agent (1939)
Passage 8:
Alonso Mudarra
Alonso Mudarra (c  1510 – April 1, 1580) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance, and also played the vihuela, a guitar-shaped string instrument   He was an innovative composer of instrumental music as well as songs, and was the composer of the earliest surviving music for the guitar 

Biography
The place of his birth is not recorded, but he grew up in Guadalajara, and probably received his musical training there   He most likely went to Italy in 1529 with Charles V, in the company of the fourth Duke of the Infantado, Íñigo López de Mendoza, marqués de Santillana   When he returned to Spain he became a priest, receiving the post of canon at the cathedral in Seville in 1546, where he remained for the rest of his life   While at the cathedral, he directed all of the musical activities; many records remain of his musical activities there, which included hiring instrumentalists, buying and assembling a new organ, and working closely with composer Francisco Guerrero for various festivities   Mudarra died in Seville, and his sizable fortune was distributed to the poor of the city according to his will 

Mudarra wrote numerous pieces for the vihuela and the four-course guitar, all contained in the collection Tres libros de musica en cifras para vihuela ("Three books of music in numbers for vihuela"), which he published on December 7, 1546 in Seville   These three books contain the first music ever published for the four-course guitar, which was then a relatively new instrument  The second book is noteworthy in that it contains eight multi-movement works, all arranged by "tono", or mode 
Compositions represented in this publication include fantasias, variations (including a set on La Folia), tientos, pavanes and galliards, and songs  Modern listeners are probably most familiar with his Fantasia X, which has been a concert and recording mainstay for many years    The songs are in Latin, Spanish and Italian, and include romances, canciones (songs), villancicos, (popular songs) and sonetos (sonnets)   Another innovation was the use of different signs for different tempos:  slow, medium, and fast 

References and further reading
John Griffiths: "Alonso Mudarra", Grove Music Online ed  L  Macy (Accessed March 24, 2005), (subscription access)
Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance   New York, W W  Norton & Co , 1954   ISBN 0-393-09530-4
Guitar Music of the Sixteenth Century, Mel Bay Publications (transcribed by Keith Calmes)
The Eight Masterpieces of Alonso Mudarra, Mel Bay Publications (transcribed by Keith Calmes)
Fantasia VI in hypermedia (Shockwave Player required) at the BinAural Collaborative Hypertext
Jacob Heringman and Catherine King: "Alonso Mudarra songs and solos"  Magnatune com (http://www magnatune com/artists/albums/heringman-mudarra/hifi_play)

External links
Free scores by Alonso Mudarra in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
Free scores by Alonso Mudarra at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
Passage 9:
Pablo Sorozábal
Pablo Sorozábal Mariezcurrena (18 September 1897 – 26 December 1988) was a Spanish composer of zarzuelas, operas, symphonic works, and the popular romanza, "No puede ser" 
He was born in San Sebastián, in a working-class family  Trained in San Sebastián, Madrid and Leipzig; then in Berlin, where he preferred Friedrich Koch as composition teacher to Arnold Schönberg, whose theories he disliked  It was in Germany that he made his conducting debut, and the rostrum remained at the centre of his working life  His Leipzig concert works include the choral Suite vasca (1923); Dos apuntes Vascos (1925) and Symphonic Variations on a Basque Theme (1927); of later works the funeral march Gernika for chorus and orchestra (1966) is outstanding  The Siete Lieder, 1929 settings of Heinrich Heine for mezzo-soprano and orchestra, are perhaps the finest works he produced in Germany  Two short but powerful compositions for chorus and orchestra, Maite (‘Our Lady’, from the 1946 film Jai-Alai) and ¡Ay, tierra vasca! (1956) retain their place in the hearts of his Basque countrymen 
Katiuska (1931) was his stage debut, and the twenty or so zarzuelas which followed combine lyric fire and inimitable orchestration with an unfailing sense of theatre  Best-loved are his classic madrileño comedy La del manojo de rosas (1934) and the “nautical romance” set on the Atlantic Coast La tabernera del puerto of 1936  The latter includes the romanza "No puede ser", made internationally popular when sung in the Three Tenors concerts by Plácido Domingo  His one-act verismo opera Adiós a la bohemia (from a short story by Pío Baroja) also retains its popularity in Spain 
Sorozábal's liberal sympathies left him somewhat isolated after the Spanish Civil War, and many of his later zarzuelas were first seen outside the capital or in less prestigious Madrid theatres  They include the ambitious, allegorical romance Black, el payaso (1942) and the ski-sports musical Don Manolito (1943), both of which starred popular Basque soprano Pepita Embil 
Sorozábal also wrote scores for non-musical films, notably the classic Spanish film Marcelino Pan y Vino (1955) 
His tenure as director of the Madrid Symphony Orchestra ended abruptly in 1952 when he was refused permission to conduct Shostakovich’s Leningrad Symphony; and though his musical comedy Las de Caín was premiered at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in 1958, the opera Juan José had to wait for its belated (and highly successful) concert premiere until February 2009, after a full production was suspended during rehearsals in Madrid during 1979  With his death in Madrid on 26 December 1988 the last chapter in the creative history of the romantic zarzuela came to an end  Sorozábal's theatrical vitality, musical wit and dramatic force are second to none in the history of zarzuela and rival the best of his German and Italian music theatre contemporaries, such as Kurt Weill 
Passage 10:
Rafael Calvo
Rafael Luis Calvo Muñoz (30 December 1911 – 9 December 1988) was a Spanish film actor  He appeared in more than 60 films including Miracle of Marcelino (1955) 

Selected filmography



ground_truth: Madrid

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both films The Reincarnation Of Golden Lotus and I'Ll Get By (Film) have the directors from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Clara Law
Clara Law Cheuk-yiu (traditional Chinese: 羅卓瑤; simplified Chinese: 罗卓瑶; pinyin: Luó Zhuóyáo; Jyutping: lo4 coek3 jiu4, born 29 May 1957 in Macau) is a Hong Kong Second Wave film director who currently resides in Australia 

Early life
Clara Law was born on 29 May 1957 in Macau  At the age of 10 she moved to Hong Kong  Law studied at the University of Hong Kong and graduated with a degree in English Literature  In 1978 she joined Radio Television Hong Kong as an assistant producer and director  During her time there she tried many aspects of television from screenwriting to directing  Between 1978 and 1981 she directed twelve drama programs for the television channel  In 1982 she began studying film direction and writing at the National Film and Television School in England  She won the Silver Plaque Award at the Chicago Film Festival in 1985 for her graduation film They Say the Moon is Fuller Here 

Career
1985–1994
In 1985 she returned to Hong Kong and began development on her first long feature film The Other Half and the Other Half, which was released in 1988  Since her return to Hong Kong she has worked with Eddie Fong on all of her projects  In 1989 she created her second film The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus  The film was screened at the Toronto Film Festival and was released commercially in the US  A year later she created Farewell China  It won the Special Jury Award at the Torino Film Festival  She was also nominated for best director at the Hong Kong Film Awards for the film  She directed Fruit Punch in 1991, which was a commercial film produced by a large Hong Kong film studio  In 1992 she directed and produced Autumn Moon  The film was a hit in the film festival circuit  It won the Golden Leopard Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 1992, as well as the European Art Theatres Association Best Picture Award and the Youth Special Jury Award in Switzerland and the Best Screenplay in Valencia (1994)  It was also awarded at the Belgium and Portugal film festivals  Autumn Moon was selected for official screenings at the New York Film Festival as well as in Sundance, Toronto, London, Rotterdam, Gothenburg, Thessaloniki, Nantes, San Francisco, Créteil, Dublin, Puerto Rico, Seattle, Jerusalem, New Delhi, Wellington, Midnight Sun Finland, Rio de Janeiro, Reykjavik, Ghent, Munich, Ankara, Sydney and Melbourne  In 1993 she released Temptation of a Monk  The film is an adaptation of a novella by Lillian Lee  The film was shot entirely on location in the north and northwestern part of China  The film was selected for competition at the Venice Film Festival in 1993  It won the Grand Prix at the Créteil International Film Festival in France (1994)  The film was also selected for official screenings at the Toronto, Sundance, Rotterdam and Brisbane film festivals, and as the closing film at the L A  Film Festival  In 1994, Law finished a segment of the movie Erotique called Wonton Soup  Later that year she and Eddie Fong moved to Australia 

1994 – present
She moved to Australia with Eddie Fong in 1994  The pair's first film after their move to Australia is Floating Life, which was completed in 1996  It won the Silver Leopard Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 1996, and two other awards including Best Film, it was selected by Prix FICC and the "Ambiente salute: Qualita di vita" award  It also won the Best Film and Best Director Awards at the Gijon International Film Festival in Spain, and the Grand Prix at the Créteil International Film Festival in France  It was nominated for three awards at the Australian Film Institute Awards including Best Director and Best Screenplay, and it received nine nominations at the Golden Horse International Film Festival in Taiwan, including the awards for Best Film, Best Director and Best Screenplay  Floating Life was also Australia's official entry in the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 69th Academy Awards (1997)  The film was also screened at the Sydney, Melbourne, London, Rotterdam, Hof, Stockholm, Toronto and Hawaii film festivals  The Goddess of 1967, shot on location in the outback of Australia and Tokyo, was completed in 2000  It was in competition at the Venice film festival in 2000 where Rose Byrne won the Best Actress Award  What's more, Clara Law was nominated for the Golden Lion in Venice  The film also pocketed the Best Director Award at the Chicago International Film Festival, the Best Director Award at the Teplice Art Film Festival in Slovakia and the FIPRESCI Critics' Award for Best Film at the Tromsø Film Festival in Norway  The film was also selected for official screenings at the Toronto, London, Pusan, Hof, Vancouver, Hawaii, Taipei, Rotterdam, Jerusalem, Karlovy Vary and Oslo film festivals  She directed her first digital documentary in 2004 called Letters to Ali with Eddie Fong who co-produced, edited, and shot the film  The film was selected for competition at the Venice Film Festival and for official screenings at the Toronto, Pusan, Gothenburg and Melbourne film festivals  She completed Like a Dream in 2009  This film marked her return to Asia  The film was nominated in nine categories at the 2009 Golden Horse Awards  It also opened the 2010 Hong Kong International Film Festival  In 2010, Law made a short film, Red Earth, commissioned by the Hong Kong International Film Festival  The short was selected in the Horizon category at the 2010 Venice film festival Law's films explore themes surrounding migration and exile, including loyalty, family, love, and nostalgia  She has used a variety of visual and narrative styles throughout her oeuvre to interrogate cultural dislocation and its effect on individuals and communities 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
See also
List of graduates of University of Hong Kong
Passage 2:
I'll Get By (film)
I'll Get By is a 1950 American comedy musical film directed by Richard Sale, and starring June Haver, Gloria DeHaven and William Lundigan 
This story follows themes explored in 1940's Tin Pan Alley, with updated characters and music  The plot revolves around songwriters and their struggles in the music industry 

Plot
Song plugger Bill Spencer runs into Liza Martin, literally  He slams a door into her accidentally while rushing to bring a new recording to Peter Pepper, an influential New York disc jockey  The record breaks 
After he is fired, Bill opens his own music publishing business  He hires a secretary, Miss Murphy, and gains a partner in Freddy Lee, a young man from Texas, with whom he peddles a song that piano player Chester Dooley has written  They hear the singer Terry Martin is performing with trumpeter Harry James at a club, so they go there to pitch the song to her  Terry's sister is also in the act; she is Liza, the girl Bill once awkwardly met 
Freddy annoys Terry but the girls like the song, "I'll Get By," and agree to record it  Before long, it and they become huge successes  But, before a benefit in Hollywood, when the actress Jeanne Crain asks to perform the song, Bill says no because he promised it to Liza, but behind his back, Freddy agrees to let the actress have it  A furious Liza leaves Bill and refuses to listen to his attempts to explain 
The boys are drafted into the Marines, and when they report to a San Diego base, they run into Miss Murphy, who is now stationed there as an officer  After the boys ship out for duty, Miss Murphy goes out of her way to explain to Liza and Terry what happened with the song  The girls go on a USO show tour to the South Pacific where the guys have been sent, and all are reunited 

Cast
June Haver as Liza Martin
William Lundigan as William Spencer
Gloria DeHaven as Terry Martin
Dennis Day as Freddy Lee
Thelma Ritter as Miss Murphy
Harry James as Harry James (himself)
Jeanne Crain as Jeanne Crain (herself)
Steve Allen as Peter Pepper
Harry Antrim as Mr  Olinville
Danny Davenport as Chester Dooley
Dan Dailey as Pvt  Dan Dailey (himself)

Awards
Lionel Newman received a nomination for the 1951 Academy Award in the category of Best Music, Scoring for this film 
Passage 3:
The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus
The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (Chinese: 潘金蓮之前世今生) is a 1989 Hong Kong film directed by Clara Law and produced by Teddy Robin, and written by Lilian Lee  The film stars Joey Wong, Eric Tsang, Wilson Lam, Pal Sinn, and Ku Feng  The film premiered in Taiwan on 4 August 1989 

Plot
During Song Dynasty, Pan Jinlian was beheaded by the warder, she is reborn into the body of a baby girl named Shan Yulian, in Shanghai, after the Chinese Communist Revolution 
The war orphaned Shan Yulian at an early age  She graduated from Shanghai Arts School, majoring in Ballet 
In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution, Shan Yulian was brought to be persecuted and suffered political persecution by the CPC Government, she was raped by the President of Shanghai Dance Troupe  During the Down to the Countryside Movement, Shan Yulian was sent to the May Seventh Cadre Schools to work, she married a stupid farmer Wu Da, but she falls in love with Wu Da's brother, Wu Long, at the same time, Simon, who is a local playboy start to pursue her, and she falls into a love triangle with Wu Long and Simon 

Cast
Joey Wong as Pan Jinlian/ Shan Yulian
Eric Tsang as Wu Da
Wilson Lam as Wu Long
Pal Sinn as Simon
Ku Feng

Release
The film was first released in Taiwan on 4 August 1989, and it was given a wider release on 16 February 1990 
The film was screened at the Toronto Festival of Festivals 
The film grossed $8,160,911 00 million 

Award
Passage 4:
9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu
The 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (January 6, 1933 – March 1, 2012) was the 9th reincarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the third highest lama in the Tibetan Buddhism hierarchy and the spiritual leader of the Gelug lineage among the Khalkha Mongols  Although recognized as the reincarnation of the Bogd Khan in 1936, his identity was kept a secret by the Dalai Lama until 1990, due to the persecution of the Buddhist religion by the Communist Mongolian People's Republic, and he did not reside in Mongolia until the final year of his life 

Biography
He was born as Jampal Namdol Chökyi Gyaltsen on the tenth day of the eleventh month of Water Monkey year (6 January 1933) near the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet  Six months after his birth, his parents separated and his mother left him in the care of his uncle who was a bodyguard of the thirteenth Dalai Lama  The thirteenth Dalai Lama died in December 1933, and Reting Rinpoche became Regent of Tibet until a new Dalai Lama was discovered and crowned  In 1936, because of the inability of the Mongolian lamas to proclaim the discovery of the ninth Khutughtu, Reting Rinpoche recognised Jampal Namdol Chökyi Gyaltsen, then aged four, as the reincarnation of the Jetsundamba Khutughtu, after the boy passed three sets of tests  Due to the complex political situation, his existence was kept a secret  At the age of seven, he entered the Drepung Monastery, but because his identity was kept secret, he could not enter the Khalkha Mitsen, but had to follow the life of a common monk  At age 25, he renounced his monastic vows and became a householder, took a wife and had two children  When the fourteenth Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet in 1959, Jampal Namdol did also, fearing that his identity would be revealed and he would be killed or used by the Communists for propaganda 

In exile in India, he worked at various jobs, including in the Tibetan language section of All India Radio, and at Tibet House in New Delhi  His first wife died, and he remarried  In 1975, his family (now including seven children) moved to Karnataka  In 1984, Jampal Namdol visited Lhasa, and in 1990 the Dalai Lama issued a statement revealing the identity of the ninth Khutughtu  In 1991 the Dalai Lama performed an installation ceremony in Madhya Pradesh and in 1992 an enthronement ceremony in Dharmshala for the ninth Jebtsundamba Khutughtu  In July 1999, while visiting Mongolia on a tourist visa, Jampal Namdol took part in an enthronement ceremony at the Gandantegchinlen Khiid Monastery in Ulaanbaatar  He continued to live in exile in India  Now he was considered the leader of Mongolian Buddhists  In 2010 he came to Mongolia at the invitation of the Gandantegchinlin monastery and received Mongolian citizenship, but returned to Dharamshala afterwards  Then he returned to Mongolia  In November 2011 he was enthroned as the head of Buddhists of Mongolia The 14th Dalai Lama appointed the 9th Jebtsundamba to develop the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism Rinpoche died on March 1, 2012, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a prolonged illness On November 23, 2016, during a visit to Mongolia, the Dalai Lama announced his belief that the 10th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu had been reborn in Mongolia and that a process for identifying him had begun  He was found and was anointed on 8 March 2023 by Dalai Lama in India 

See also
Mongolians in India
Passage 5:
Richard Sale (director)
Richard Sale, (December 17, 1911 in New York – March 4, 1993 in Los Angeles) was an American screenwriter, pulp writer, and film director 

Career
Born in New York City, Sale was educated at Washington and Lee University Sale started his career writing as a freelance writer for pulps in the Thirties, appearing regularly in Detective Fiction Weekly (with the Daffy Dill series ), Argosy, Double Detective, and a number of other magazines  In the Forties, he graduated to slick publications like The Country Gentleman and The Saturday Evening Post  In the 1930s, Sale was one of the highest-paid pulp writers   In the mid-Forties to mid-Fifties, he made a career change from writing magazine fiction to screenplays  He became a writer for Paramount pictures, a writer-director for Republic Pictures, 20th Century-Fox, British Lion, United Artists, and Columbia pictures  He also became a television writer, director, and producer for Columbia Broadcasting System Sale's 1936 novel Not Too Narrow, Not Too Deep was filmed as Strange Cargo (1940) starring Joan Crawford and Clark Gable 
He directed several films, including A Ticket to Tomahawk (1950), Meet Me After the Show (1951) with Betty Grable, Let's Make It Legal (1951) featuring one of Marilyn Monroe's earliest film appearances, Malaga (1954), and Gentlemen Marry Brunettes (1955) with Jane Russell  He also wrote many screenplays, Suddenly (1954), The French Line (1954) and  Gentlemen Marry Brunettes, both with Mary Loos, his wife at the time, The Oscar (1966), The White Buffalo (1977) and Assassination (1987)  Alongside his work for many production companies, Sale wrote over 400 short stories Together with Mary Loos, he created the Western television series Yancy Derringer which ran for one season in 1958–59 
Sale died in 1993 after complications from two strokes 

Selected screenplay filmography
As director
Some of these additional movies were found in the Los Angeles Times 
Passage 6:
Max Ehrlich (writer)
Max Simon Ehrlich (October 10, 1909 – February 11, 1983) was an American writer  He is best known for the novel The Reincarnation of Peter Proud and the movie of the same name 

Biography
Early life and education
Max Simon Ehrlich was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on October 10, 1909 to Simon and Sarah Ehrlich  He received a B A  degree from the University of Michigan in 1933 

Career
Ehrlich began his career in newspapers, working as a correspondent for the Albany, New York Knickerbocker Press and Evening News during his college years, then after graduating as a feature writer for the Springfield, Massachusetts Republican  From there he turned to radio, working as the chief writer of the script division of WSPR in 1938 and 1939, in the script division of the American Jewish Committee from 1939 to 1941, and from 1941 to 1945 he was the assistant script director of the radio division of the American Red Cross After 1945, Ehrlich was a novelist, playwright, radio and TV dramatist, and author of adaptations for radio, television, and feature films  He wrote radio scripts for series including The Big Story, The Shadow, Big Town, Mr  and Mrs  North, and Murder at Midnight  His television work included scripts for the series Barney Blake, The Big Story, The Defenders, The Nurses, The United States Steel Hour, and Star Trek (episode "The Apple")  Three of his feature film scripts (listed below) were adaptations of his own novels 

Marriage and children
Ehrlich married and had two daughters  One daughter, Amy Ehrlich, is a writer of books for children 

Death
Ehrlich died on February 11, 1983 

Published books
The Big Eye (Doubleday, 1949)
Spin the Glass Web (Harper & Brothers, 1952)
First Train to Babylon (Harper, 1955)
The Takers (Harper, 1961)
Deep is the Blue (Doubleday, 1964)
The High Side (Fawcett Publications, 1970)
The Edict (Doubleday, 1971)
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud (Bobbs-Merrill, 1974)
The Savage is Loose (Bantam Books, 1974)
The Cult (Simon & Schuster, 1978)
Reincarnation in Venice (Simon & Schuster, 1979)
Naked Beach (Granada, 1979)
The Big Boys (Houghton Mifflin, 1981)
Shaitan (Arbor House, 1981)

Filmography
Films
Television
Awards
1944: Writers' War Board Award
1963: Huntington Hartford Foundation Fellowship
Passage 7:
Pal Sinn
Pal Sinn Lap-man (born 17 March 1959) is a Hong Kong musician, singer and actor Sinn is noted for his roles as Sai-Mun Hing in The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus, for which he received Hong Kong Film Award nomination for Best New Performer 

Life
Early life
Sinn was born and raised in Hong Kong, where he attended the Lung Cheung Government Technical Secondary School in the early 1970s 

Career
At 16, Sinn began his career as a singer at a bar on Lockhart Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong In 1986, Sinn joined Chyna, a heavy metal rock band founded by Donald Ashley   After the band was disbanded, then he founded the Blue Jeans with Su Dehua, but Blue Jeans was disbanded in 1990 He had his first experience in front of the camera in 1986, and he was chosen to act as a support actor in Jeffrey Lau's Operation Pink Squad, an action film starring Sandra Ng, Guan Xiumei, Ann Bridgewater, Elsie Chan, and Charlie Cho 
For his role as Sai-Mun Hing in The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (1989), Sinn was nominated for the Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer  That same year, he participated in Tai Kit Mak's All Night Long, a story film starring Carol Cheng, Shui-Fan Fung, Elizabeth Lee, Elsie Chan, Crystal Kwok, and Wu Ma  Then he appeared as a fast food restaurant staff in Clarence Fok's The Iceman Cometh, the film stars Yuen Biao, Yuen Wah, and Maggie Cheung 
He co-starred with Michelle Monique Reis, Natalis Chan and Iwanbeo Leung in Yuen Cheung-Yan's Coup De Grace (1990)  Sinn also filmed in Love Is Love, alongside Stephen Chow, Suki Kwan, Sandra Ng, and Sing Fui On 
In 1991, Sinn played Hussein, who is a gambler, in Wong Jing's God of Gamblers II, an action film starring Andy Lau, Stephen Chow, and Ng Man Tat  That same year, he starred as Sai-Mun Hing in The Golden Lotus 'Love and Desire', based on the novel The Golden Lotus by Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng 
In 1992, Sinn portrayed Gao Ya'nei, the son of Grand Marshal Gao Qiu, in All Men Are Brothers – Blood of the Leopard, adapted from Shi Nai'an's classical novel The Water Margin  The film also stars Tony Leung, Joey Wang, and Elvis Tsui 
In 1993, Sinn had a minor role as Da Jiaoban in Wong Jing's City Hunter, which starred Jackie Chan, Chingmy Yau, Joey Wang, and Richard Norton 
In 1994, Sinn starred in a historical film called Fire Dragon with Brigitte Lin, Max Mok, and Sandra Ng, directed by Yuen Woo-ping  He played the lead role in Whatever You Want, opposite Jordan Chan, Anita Yuen, and Law Kar-ying 
In 1995, Sinn appeared as Julian in Detective Investigation Files II, he also participated in its sequel Detective Investigation Files IV (1999) 
In 2007, Sinn was cast in Ho-Cheung Pang's Exodus, a suspense film starring Simon Yam, Irene Wan, and Nick Cheung 
Sinn had a cameo appearance in Dream Home (2010), which starred Eason Chan as Zheng Lichang's lover (played by Josie Ho) 
In 2011, Sinn acted in the romantic comedy film Lan Kwai Fong 
In 2012, Sinn had a supporting role in The Silent War, a film adaptation based on the novel Plot by Mai Jia 

Personal life
In the 1980s, Sinn fell in love with Anita Mui Sinn began dating Paisley Wu in 1996, and they married in 2008 

Instruments
Pal Sinn has played a number of basses in his music career, such Tune, Fodera and Bacchus 

Filmography
Film
Television
Discography
Albums
Awards
Passage 8:
Escape Route (film)
Escape Route is a 1952 British black-and-white thriller film, directed by Seymour Friedman and Peter Graham Scott, and starring George Raft, Sally Gray and Clifford Evans The film was known in the US as I'll Get You (not to be confused with an earlier Raft film, I'll Get You for This) The film is largely filmed in the streets of London 

Plot
An American, Steve Rossi, enters Britain by slipping past immigration at Heathrow Airport, leading to a national manhunt by the police led by Scotland Yard 
Rossi heads into London where he tracks down Bailey, a barman in a cocktail bar, and asks him about Michael Grand  The barman passes him a note with an address which leads him to a woman, who says she does not know Grand  She agrees to change his US currency and buy him a coat while he waits in her flat  For money, she gives him another address: Kingston House, a swanky block of flats on Kingston Road  He takes a taxi there 
Their he meets Joan Miller who says yes it is Grand's flat but she is his secretary and he is not there  She claims that Grand is not going to return, but calls Grand who agrees to meet  Rossi wants to stay put in Grand's flat but Joan pulls a gun on him and together they drive to an old terraced house where Rossi meets Wilkes who starts quizzing Rossi 
Rossi says that Grand offered him a job, working on aircraft design  Joan is asked to accommodate Rossi in her own flat 
Meanwhile the police post Rossi's picture in all the newspapers and quiz various underworld figures to try to locate him  The taxi driver recognises the picture 
Joan Miller is revealed to be an MI5 agent  Rossi reveals himself to be an FBI agent posing as a nuclear scientist in an attempt to infiltrate a gang kidnapping western scientists and taking them across the Iron Curtain  Grand has recently arranged the kidnap of an American  With MI5's assistance, Rossi monitors Grand and arranges a meeting with him  Growing increasingly suspicious of Rossi, Grand and his organisation make several attempts to kill him 
Rossi and Joan follow Irma Brookes, Grand's female assistant in an attempt to find him  Irma Brookes and a body with some of Grand's ID is found in a burned out car 
Rossi is caught and taken to Hammersmith Police Station  It is explained that Rossi wanted to get into the papers so that Grand would be aware of his presence 
Rossi cannot identify the body in the mortuary as Grand as he is unsure of his appearance 
The viewer finally sees Grand when Max, another taxi driver, informs him of what he has seen both at the burning car and near the mortuary 
Rossi dons a naval uniform and tails Grand on foot through empty streets in the city, leaving a chalk trail of markers for Joan to follow  Grand goes to the River Thames where the low tide allows him to walk along the edge  They end at the Old Swan Pier near London Bridge  Grand pulls a gun and a scuffle begins  Grand escapes to a rooftop of a grain elevator close to The Monument  They end up fighting on an external freight lift heading back to the ground  Rossi wins and the police arrive 

Cast
George Raft as Steve Rossi
Sally Gray as Joan Miller
Clifford Evans as Michael Grand
Frederick Piper as Inspector Reid
Reginald Tate as Colonel Wilkes
Patricia Laffan as Irma Brookes
June Ashley as Beauty Shop Attendant
John Warwick as Security Chief Brice
Roddy Hughes as Porter
Grace Arnold as Neighbour
Cyril Chamberlain as Bailey
Howard Douglas as Taxi Driver
Arthur Lovegrove as Phillips
Anthony Pendrell as Rees
Norman Pierce as Inspector Hobbs
Harry Towb as Immigration Officer

Production
It was made at Walton Studios and on location around London, mostly in the City of London, at a time when there was still much bomb damage from the Second World War  American actress Coleen Gray was reported to have been cast opposite Raft, but the role was eventually played by the English star Sally Gray  It was one of several films made by British companies in connection with the low-budget American outfit Lippert Pictures, which distributed the film in the United States  It was made on a larger budget than most Lippert releases 

Reception
The Los Angeles Times said the film was "so mysterious" the filmmakers "almost succeeded in keeping the story to themselves "
Passage 9:
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud is a 1975 American psychological horror film directed by J  Lee Thompson, and starring Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder, and Jennifer O'Neill  It follows a university professor who, after experiencing a series of bizarre nightmares, comes to believe he is the reincarnation of someone else  It is based on the 1973 novel of the same title by Max Ehrlich, who adapted the screenplay 

Plot
Peter Proud, a college professor in Los Angeles, begins having recurring dreams he cannot explain  In one particular nightmare, Peter witnesses the murder of a young man by his girlfriend, Marcia, while he swims naked in a lake near a hotel  As he screams his final words, "Marcia, don't!," she bludgeons him with an oar, and he drowns  In subsequent dreams, Peter witnesses brief vignettes from the man's life, including romances with two different women, and has visions of houses and landmarks that are unknown to him 
Peter is haunted by his dreams and seeks medical treatment  He attends a sleep laboratory to try to decipher his dreams  However, the resident doctor, Sam Goodman, informs him that his dreams do not register as being dreams; in fact, they do not register at all  One evening while watching television, several of Peter's visions play out before him on a local documentary film titled The Changing Face of America  He sees an arch and church in the documentary that have figured prominently in his dreams, and calls the television station to discover the location  Upon learning that the location of his "visions" is in Massachusetts, Proud and his girlfriend Nora travel there 
In Massachusetts, the couple drive from town to town, but are unsuccessful until they arrive in Springfield  It is here that Proud begins to see familiar sights from his visions, such as a bridge, a church, the Puritan statue, and others  Nora decides to return to California, tired of Peter's relentless searching, which she dismisses as delusion  After Nora leaves, Peter continues his journey  Eventually, Peter locates Marcia, the mystery woman from his nightmares, now a middle-aged alcoholic  Peter subsequently befriends Marcia's daughter Ann at a local country club where Marcia's husband Jeff was once a tennis pro; Ann has recently returned home to care for her emotionally unstable mother  Through his research, Peter uncovers that Jeff was found drowned in Crystal Lake in 1946 under mysterious circumstances 
Marcia is suspicious of Peter and curious about his motives, specifically how much he seems to know about her life  Ann and Peter quickly develop a romance, much to the disapproval of Marcia, who responds by increasingly drinking and taking prescription drugs  Peter initially has some hesitation toward pursuing a relationship with Ann after considering that she may have been his daughter in a previous life, but he ultimately chooses to continue the romance  Ann tells Peter her father proposed to Marcia in the same area where they just made love 
One afternoon, Marcia accompanies Peter and Ann to the country club, where they lounge at the poolside  While Ann goes for a swim, Marcia witnesses a sleeping Peter repeating the phrase "Marcia, don't!" in Jeff's voice  This horrifies her, and she flees home where she locks herself in her bedroom  Later, she masturbates to the memory of Jeff raping her after she confronted him about an affair he had while she was pregnant with Ann  The following day, Marcia confronts Peter, demanding to know his true identity  The two get into a heated argument, during which he confirms that he is a reincarnation of her deceased husband 
Meanwhile, Peter realizes that by having re-enacted or visited the sites of his visions, they seem to have ceased haunting him  The lake vision of Jeff's murder is his last to be conquered  Drawn to the lake where Jeff died years prior, Peter enters the water, hoping to unfetter himself from the vision  While in the water, Marcia approaches him in the same boat she did Jeff years ago, now brandishing a pistol  Addressing Peter as Jeff, Marcia asks why he has returned to torment her, and accuses him of incest with Ann  When Peter tries to climb into the boat, Marcia shoots him to death  She watches as his body sinks to the bottom of the lake 

Cast
Production
Film rights to the novel were sold to Bing Crosby Productions before the novel had been published  In April 1974 it was announced the film would star Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder and Jennifer O'Neill, and be directed by J  Lee Thompson  The novel came out in October - the Los Angeles Times called it "riveting" Principal photography began on 24 April 1974 in Los Angeles and Massachusetts 

Release
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud premiered in New York City on April 25, 1975, and subsequently opened in Los Angeles on May 2 

Critical response
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud received a mixed response from critics upon its release  Steven H  Scheuer labelled the film as a "clunky yarn"  Mick Martin and Marsha Porter awarded the film their "turkey" rating and criticized it for its "turgid direction" and "contrived plot"  Leslie Halliwell also panned the film as a "hysterical psychic melodrama which pretty well ruins its own chances by failing to explain its plot"  The Philadelphia Inquirer's Desmond Ryan dismissed the film as "an obtuse essay into the much trampled world of the occult, and it is aptly named since it seems to take several lifetimes to trudge through the film from its modest beginnings to its silly conclusion "Some critics were more generous  Leonard Maltin wrote that the film was "moderately gripping"  A H  Weiler, like Halliwell, was unconvinced by the film's plot, but lauded it for its "polished [filmic] treatment" and Thompson's "properly moody [directorial] style" In a retrospective review, Michael Barrett of PopMatters praised the film's cinematography and editing, which he notes provides "a sense of propulsion to what, in other hands, might be a stagnantly paced story; either sound or image are continually pulling at us, like fate     There's something about The Reincarnation of Peter Proud that keeps it lodged in the memory like a nasty splinter "

Home media
In 2018, Kino Lorber released The Reincarnation of Peter Proud in a special edition Blu-ray featuring a new 4K restoration of the original film elements 

Proposed remake
On November 9, 2009, it was announced that Andrew Kevin Walker and David Fincher (the writer and director, respectively, of Seven) would work on the remake, with Paramount Pictures and Columbia Pictures financing the project  Filming and theatrical release of the remake were planned for 2016, but as of 2018, the project was listed as "in development" New reports of a planned remake emerged in 2021, with development and production now handed over to David Goyer of Phantom Four Films in collaboration with Village Roadshow, and with Sean Durkin serving as writer and director 

See also
List of American films of 1975
Karz, 1980 Indian film which serves as a partial remake
Passage 10:
Unmistaken Child
Unmistaken Child is a 2008 independent documentary film, which follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, a world-renowned lama  It was directed by Nati Baratz 

Plot
The documentary follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, the world-renowned lama (master teacher) Geshe Lama Konchog  The filming, which began in October 2001, spans a time frame of five and a half years  It follows the deceased lama's closest disciple – a modest young monk named Tenzin Zopa, who speaks English well – as he seeks to find the child who is his master's reincarnation 
Because Tenzin is only a humble monk, he questions his ability to accurately find and recognize the reincarnation of an enlightened master  He is daunted by the difficulty of the task, for which he alone seems responsible 
Following a combination of prayer, intuition, and various forms of divination, Tenzin travels to the tiny villages of the remote Tsum Valley on the Nepal–Tibet border, and checks many families and many children  He seeks to find a young boy of the right age who responds emotionally to one of his former master's possessions  Still, many questions would remain, and many tests and trials must be met before the existence of a tulku – a reincarnated Tibetan master – could be confirmed  And even beyond the question of the confirmation of a reincarnation is the emotional toll involved in removing a small child from his loving parents and familiar village 

Inception
The film was created, directed, and written by Israeli filmmaker Nati Baratz  He and his wife had attended a lecture given by Tenzin Zopa, who at the end asked everyone to pray for the location of the reincarnation of Geshe Lama Konchog, his recently deceased teacher "Tenzin really touched me in a profound way", Baratz said in an interview  “He has a huge heart, and he's very smart  And when I heard that he’s looking for the reincarnation of his master, I thought this is a movie I must make "

Release, broadcast, and DVD
Unmistaken Child was first screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2008  Festival screenings in Berlin, San Francisco, and other festivals around the world followed  The film opened in limited theatrical release in the U S  in June 2009, and subsequently in limited theatrical release around the world 
Unmistaken Child was selected for and aired on the award-winning PBS series Independent Lens in April 2010  Oscilloscope Laboratories published the film on DVD in 2009 

Awards
Full Frame Documentary Film Festival
Full Frame Inspiration Award
Anne Dellinger Special Jury Award
The Charles E  Guggenheim Emerging Artist Award – Honorable MentionRiverRun International Film Festival
Best DocumentaryEBS International Documentary Festival
Grand Prix
Audience AwardIndependent Film Festival Boston
Special Jury Prize – DocumentaryCamerimage
Grand Prix – Feature Documentary FilmHaifa International Film Festival
Best DocumentaryKrakow Film Festival
Golden Horn – Best Documentary
Cracow Students Jury Award – Best Documentary

See also
Tenzin Phuntsok Rinpoche
Tulku (film)
My Reincarnation
Pearl relics



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