prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the director of film Edges Of The Lord born?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Edges of the Lord
Edges of the Lord is a 2001 film, written and directed by Yurek Bogayevicz, starring Willem Dafoe and Haley Joel Osment  The film, set in Poland during World War II, tells the story of a wealthy Jewish boy who must pose as a Catholic peasant farmland local in order to avoid capture from Nazi forces 

Plot
Romek (Haley Joel Osment) is the son of a wealthy Jewish couple  When the Nazis invade Poland, the family contacts an old friend and tasks him to hide their son  During this plight, Romek poses as the Catholic nephew of a local farmer (Olaf Lubaszenko), with the aid of a compassionate Catholic priest (Willem Dafoe) 
Despite his Jewish upbringing, Romek quickly learns of the Catholic traditions and manages to apply them  The peasants face constant harassment from Nazis, wherein a Hitler youth member rapes one local child  One night, Romek sees the same youth member harassing another local wherein he shoots him dead  A Nazi commander awards him a Nazi uniform and cloak, which he then uses to free some Jews and other locals mistaken as Jews  Tolo joins the other captives in solidarity 

Cast
Haley Joel Osment as Romek
Willem Dafoe as Priest
Liam Hess as Tolo
Richard Banel as Vladek
Olaf Lubaszenko as Gniecio
Małgorzata Foremniak as Manka
Andrzej Grabowski as Kluba
Chiril Vahonin as Robal
Olga Frycz as Maria
Eugene Osment as German officer at Batylin Field
Krzysztof Pieczyński as German officer at Trains

Release history
The film was first released in theatres in 2001, in Poland  In 2002, it had theatrical releases in Spain, the Czech Republic, Japan, Italy, Portugal and Hong Kong   In the Czech Republic, it was shown at the Febio Film Festival   Other theatrical releases included Kazakhstan, in 2007 and Belgium, in 2008, among other countries   The film had direct-to-DVD releases in Sweden (2002) and the United States (2005)   The 2005 release of the film in the United States, by its distributor, Miramax/Buuna Vista, was subject to criticism for delay 

Critical reception
The film was not widely reviewed, and the published reviews were mixed   Haley Joel Osment was described by one reviewer as having an "unusual emotional depth" in the film, where he "emotionally centers the film, with a balanced, thoughtful portrait"   This reviewer also correctly predicted that because the film was shot in English, with many of the actors speaking with Polish accents, it would quickly go to video and TV   David Nusair described the film as "a fairly decent set-up that's entirely squandered by Bogayevicz, with the filmmaker's apparent inability to develop these characters beyond their most superficial attributes surely playing a key role in the movie's ultimate (and colossal) downfall "  Reviewer John J  Puccio described the film as "a movie that starts grimly, lightens up slightly, and then gets very gloomy, indeed "

Awards
The film won the award for Best Screenplay (by Yurek Bogayevicz, who also directed the film) at the 2001 Polish Film Festival   The film was also nominated for six awards at the 2002 Polish Film Awards: Best Film, Best Supporting Actress (Olga Frycz), Best Director (Yurek Bogayevicz), Best Screenplay (Yurek Bogayevicz), Best Cinematography (Paweł Edelman) and Best Costume Design (Jagna Janicka)
Passage 2:
Brian Keith Lord
Brian Keith Lord (born 1961) is an American murderer whose case was featured on Forensic Files 

Murders
In 1974, at the age of 13, Lord murdered his friend's mother by shooting her in the back as she hung clothes on a clothesline  "For that crime, Lord served only six months in a juvenile detention facility and was released "In 1986, at the age of 25, he was hired as a carpenter at the home of Wayne and Sharon Frye, neighbors of 16-year-old Tracy Parker  Lord subsequently became acquainted with Tracy, who often rode horses owned by the Fryes  Finding himself alone with her on the night of September 16, 1986, Lord persuaded her to get into his truck under the guise of giving her a ride home  He drove to his brother's workshop, somehow coerced her into going inside, and raped and murdered her 

Investigation
Investigation into Tracy's disappearance initially focused on the Fryes  Her last discernible interaction was a telephone call made by her to her friend from their residence  A manhunt took place, and some of her blood-soaked clothes were found in a wooded area on the weekend of September 20  Her semi-nude body was found on September 30 Investigators began considering Lord as a suspect after it was discovered that he called his family roughly ten minutes prior to Tracy from the same phone that Tracy called her friend on  Lord denied any involvement and informed police that he had traveled to his brother's workshop that night  The workshop was investigated as a possible murder location which led to the discovery of a large blood spot on the floor; samples of material from the workshop were collected  A green paint chip found on Tracy's body was matched to a dismantled fence that Lord had hauled in his truck, thus incriminating him 

Prosecution
Lord was arrested, tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in 1987  During the trial, he leveled threats at the Parker family  His death sentence was voided in 1997, his conviction was overturned in 1999, and after much delay, was given a new trial in 2003  Lord was again convicted and was given a life sentence 

See also
List of United States death row inmates
Passage 3:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 4:
Yurek Bogayevicz
Yurek Bogajevicz (born Jerzy Bogajewicz in Poznań, 2 June 1949) is a Polish film director, screenwriter, actor and producer  He directed, among others, Anna (1987), Three of Hearts (1993) and Exit in Red (1996) 

Filmography
Director
Anna (1987)
Trzy serca (Three of Hearts, 1993)
Osaczony (Exit in red, 1996)
Boże skrawki (Edges of the Lord, 2001)
Kasia i Tomek (TV series, 2002–2003)
Camera Café (TV series, 2004)
Niania (TV series, 2005–2006)
Stacja (TV series, 2010)

Producer
Anna (1987)

Screenplay
Anna (1987)
Boże skrawki (Edges of the Lord, 2001)

Actor
Pies – as Jerzy Mazurek (1973)
Pozwólcie nam do woli fruwać nad ogrodem – as Staszek (1974)
Polskie drogi (1976)
Pora na czarownice – as Passer-by on the station (1993)
Kasia i Tomek – as Psychologist (2002-2003)
Passage 5:
Mary Lou Lord
Mary Lou Lord (born March 1, 1965) is an indie folk musician who started performing as a busker in Boston 

Life and career
Mary Lou Lord first gained attention playing acoustic guitar and singing in and around Boston's subway stations, particularly on the Red Line, as noted by the name she chose for her music and lyric publishing company, On the Red Line Music, administered by BMI 
Lord became friends with Nirvana front man Kurt Cobain in the fall of 1991, before the group's rise to mainstream fame; there has been much speculation about their relationship  In 2010, Lord published an explanation from her point of view She met Elliott Smith through Slim Moon, the owner of Kill Rock Stars and her boyfriend at the time  Lord toured three times with Smith during the 1990s  Smith also wrote and helped Lord record a song called "I Figured You Out" in 1997 
Lord signed with the Sony subsidiary Work in 1997 and released the album Got No Shadow in 1998  On December 31, 1998, Lord and Kevin Patey, from the band Raging Teens, had a daughter, whom they named Annabelle Lord-Patey Her recording of Daniel Johnston's "Speeding Motorcycle" (which originally featured on her self-titled 8-song Kill Rock Stars release) was featured in commercials for Target stores, after which her label reissued the song as the lead track of a CD single which also included two demo recordings from the sessions for Got No Shadow 
In 2001, Lord released Live City Sounds  This was a self-released disc of Lord playing live in the Boston subway  The disc was re-released after she signed to Rubric Records 
Baby Blue, a CD recorded at London and produced by The Bevis Frond leader Nick Saloman, was published by Rubric Records in 2004  Saloman played guitar, bass and harp and wrote most of the songs 
Lord announced in 2005 that she suffered from a rare vocal cord affliction known as spasmodic dysphonia  She thereafter became more involved in A&R work and started a new management company with Kevin Patey, Jittery Jack Management 
In 2011, Lord used Kickstarter to record a new album titled Backstreet Angels, which was self-released in 2015  In 2012 she began performing regularly once again 
In 2019, Lord and fellow musician Maryanne Window began a podcast titled "How The Hell Did That Happen?"  The podcast attracted attention from mainstream media, as Lord provided details of her romance and friendships with Kurt Cobain and Elliott Smith during the 1990s 

Discography
Cassettes
Real – Deep Music (1992)
TSWL (To Sir With Love) – EW Productions/Demo tape (1993)

Albums
Got No Shadow – The WORK Group (1998)
Live City Sounds – Self-released (2001), reissue: Rubric Records (2002)
Baby Blue – Rubric Records / Loose Music (2004)
Backstreet Angels – Self-released (2015)

EPs and singles
Some Jingle Jangle Morning (When I'm Straight) 7" vinyl single – Kill Rock Stars (1993)
Mary Lou Lord EP – Kill Rock Stars (1995)
Martian Saints! EP – Kill Rock Stars (1997)
Mind the Gap EP – The WORK Group (1997)
The Pace of Change EP – The WORK Group (1998)
Lights Are Changing EP – The WORK Group (1998)
She Had You single – The WORK Group (1998)
(Untitled) EP – Kill Rock Stars (1999)
Mary Lou Lord/Sean Na Na Split EP – Kill Rock Stars (2000)
Speeding Motorcycle EP – Rubric Records (2001)

Compilation and soundtrack contributions
Stars Kill Rock: "Camden Town Rain" – Kill Rock Stars (1993)
A Slice of Lemon: "Eternal Circle" – Kill Rock Stars/Lookout Records (1996)
Working Class Hero: A Tribute to John Lennon: "Power to the People" (with The Minus 5) – Hollywood Records (1995)
Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits: "Sugar, Sugar" (with Semisonic), – MCA Records (1995)
Safe and Sound: "Polaroids" – Big Rig Records / Mercury Records (1996)
Jabberjaw: Pure Sweet Hell: "Birthday Boy" – Mammoth Records (1996)
Yo Yo A Go Go: "Helsinki (live)" – Yo Yo Recordings (1996)
Everybody Wants Some: "Jump" – CherryDisc (1997)
107 1 KGSR / Radio Austin – Broadcasts Volume 6: "His N D  World" (live) – KGSR (1998)
Zero Effect Motion Picture Soundtrack: "Some Jingle Jangle Morning" – Sony Music (1998)
Wicked Good Sampler Vol  IV : "On the Avenue" – Sony Music (1998)
SXSW Volume 5: "I'm Talking To You" (live) – SXSW (1999)
Transmission 1: Tea at the Palaz of Hoon: "The Outdoor Miner" – Cosmodemonic Telegraph Inc  (2000)
Rubric 01: "From Galway to Graceland" – Rubric Records (2000)
Gordon Gano: Hitting The Ground: "Oh Wonder" – Cooking Vinyl (2002)
For a Decade of Sin: 11 Years of Bloodshot Records: "Cold Company" – Bloodshot Records (2005)
Joe Harvard: Country Eastern – Aeria Records (2008)

Notes
External links
Official website
Mary Lou Lord's entry at Allmusic
Passage 6:
Walter Lord (footballer)
Walter Lord (born 1 November 1933) was an English former professional footballer who played as an inside forward 
Passage 7:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 8:
Edwin Chesley Estes Lord
Edwin Chesley Estes Lord (born May 7, 1868) was an American geologist and petrographer 

Biography
Lord was born in Brooklyn, New York on May 7, 1868  He was educated in the public schools of New York City and in Brunswick and Heidelberg, Germany, and in Harvard University, Cambridge  Received the degrees of Ph D  (Heidelberg) and M S  (Harvard) Lord served as field assistant in the United States Geological Survey, 1895–1897, was professor of Geology and mineralogy in Hamilton College, 1899–1900, Austin Teaching Fellow and assistant in mineralogy and petrography, Harvard University, 1900–1901  He was assistant in petrography and chemistry of the United States Department of Agriculture 1901–1904, and was a petrographer in the office of public roads and rural engineering of the United States Department of Agriculture from 1904 

Works
He published a geological and petrographical paper on igneous rocks from Bavaria, Germany, Mexico, Texas and Maine, 1894–1900  After 1900 has published papers on the petrography of rocks for road building, and the relation of mineral composition and rock structure to the physical properties of road materiala:
"Bulletins 31 and 37", Office of Public Roads
"Bulletin 348", United States Department of AgricultureHe also gave a paper on the mineral composition and utilization of blast furnace and other slags, at the Seventh International Congress of Applied Chemistry, 1909 

Personal life
Edwin married Ellen Sinclair Buck on August 31, 1905  He died on September 25, 1954, in Wilmington, Delaware 

Notes
Passage 9:
Karen Lord (swimmer)
Karen Lord (born 13 March 1970) is an Australian swimmer  She competed in two events at the 1988 Summer Olympics 
Passage 10:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Context 2: Passage 1:
Husain Bey, Crown Prince of Tunisia
Husain Bey Gouta, Crown Prince of Tunisia (22 April 1893 – 22 April 1969) was the titular head of the Husainid Dynasty  He was the third son of Muhammad V al-Nasir, Bey of Tunis, by his second wife, Lalla Husn ul-Ujud, from 1906 until 1922 

Biography
Husain Bey Gouta was born in Sidi Bou Said  He was educated at the Prytanée National Militaire school situated in the city of La Flèche in western France  At the time of attending the Prytanée National Militaire school, Tunisia was a French protectorate 
On 1 October 1955, Husain Bey Gouta was invested as the heir apparent of the Beylik of Tunis, receiving the title Bey al-Mahalla, meaning Bey of the Camp  This is a title used for the most senior member of the Beylical family after the reigning Bey  In addition to becoming Bey al-Mahalla, he also became a Lieutenant General in the Beylical Army  Following Tunisia's independence from France on 20 March 1956, Husain Bey received the new title of Crown Prince following its independence as a Kingdom 
Husain Bey Gouta's chances of ascending the throne came to an end on 25 July 1957, when the prime minister, Habib Bourguiba, usurped power and abolished the monarchy  Following the death of King Muhammad VIII al-Amin on 30 September 1962, Husain Bey Gouta succeeded as head of the Husainid Dynasty as Head of the Royal House of Tunisia, and of the Nishan ad-Dam, Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman, and the Nishan al-Iftikhar and remained so until his death, when he was succeeded by Prince Mustafa Bey Gouta  He was Sovereign and Grand Master of the Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman, Nishan ad-Dam, and Nishan al-Iftikhar 
He was decorated with the Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman al-Murassa on 1 October 1955, Nishan ad-Dam, Grand Cross of the Nishan al-Iftikhar, Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour of France, the Sharifian Order of Al-Alaoui of Morocco, etc 
He died in Sidi Bou Said  Some sources stated he died in October 1964 

Marriage and children
Husain Bey Gouta was married on 22 July 1914, at the Dar al-Taj Palace in La Marsa as his only wife to Lalla Aisha Maria, the daughter of Si Ahmad bin Abdullah Maria, an Italian convert to Islam, and his wife Princess Traki, eldest daughter of Sidi Husain Bey, Bey al-Taula  Husain and Aisha had five children: 

Prince Ali Bey Gouta (1915–1945) 
Princess Husn al-Ujud Gouta (born 1918) 
Prince Murad Bey Gouta (1919–2005) 
Prince Muhammad al-Afif Bey Gouta (1926–1985) 
Prince Muhammad Bey Gouta (1934–1934) 

Ancestry


== External links ==
Passage 2:
Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Yūsuf ibn Abd al-Muʾmin al-Manṣūr (Arabic: أبو يوسف يعقوب بن يوسف بن عبد المؤمن المنصور; c  1160 – 23 January 1199 Marrakesh), commonly known as Yaqub al-Mansur (يعقوب المنصور) or Moulay Yacoub (مولاي يعقوب), was the third Almohad Caliph  Succeeding his father, al-Mansur reigned from 1184 to 1199  His reign was distinguished by the flourishing of trade, architecture, philosophy and the sciences, as well as by victorious military campaigns in which he was successful in repelling the tide of the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula 

Military actions
Al-Mansur's father was killed in Portugal on 29 July 1184; upon reaching Seville with his father's body on 10 August, he was immediately proclaimed the new caliph  Al-Mansur vowed revenge for his father's death, but fighting with the Banu Ghaniya, delayed him in Africa  After inflicting a new defeat on the Banu Ghaniya, he set off for the Iberian Peninsula to avenge his father's death 
His 13 July 1190 siege of Tomar, center of the Portuguese Templars failed to capture the fortress  However, further south he in 1191 recaptured a major fortress, Paderne Castle and the surrounding territory near Albufeira, in the Algarve – which had been controlled by the Portuguese army of King Sancho I since 1182  Having inflicted other defeats on the Christians and captured major cities, he returned to the Maghreb with three thousand Christian captives 
Upon Al-Mansur's return to Africa, however, Christians in Iberian Peninsula resumed the offensive, capturing many of the Moorish cities, including Silves, Vera, and Beja 
When Al-Mansur heard this news, he returned to the Iberian Peninsula, and defeated the Christians again  This time, many were taken in chained groups of fifty each, and later sold in Africa as slaves 
While Al-Mansur was away in Africa, the Christians mounted the largest army of that period, of over 300,000 men, to defeat Al-Mansur  However, immediately upon hearing this, Al-Mansur returned again to Iberia and defeated Castilian King Alfonso VIII Alfonso's army in the Battle of Alarcos, on 18 July 1195  It was said that Al-Mansur's forces killed 150,000 and took money, valuables and other goods "beyond calculation"  It was after this victory that he took the title al-Mansur Billah ("Made Victorious by God") 

Internal policy
Architectural patronage
During his reign, Al-Mansur undertook several major construction projects  He added a monumental gate to the Kasbah of the Udayas in Rabat and he may have been responsible for finishing the construction of the current Kutubiyya Mosque in Marrakesh   He also created a vast royal citadel and palace complex in Marrakesh which subsequently remained the seat of government in the city for centuries afterward  This royal district included the Kasbah Mosque (or El-Mansuriyya Mosque) in Marrakesh and was accessed via the monumental gate of Bab Agnaou, both dating from al-Mansur's time  He also embarked on the construction of an even bigger fortified capital in Rabat, where he attempted to build what would have been the world's largest mosque  However, construction on the mosque and on this new citadel stopped after his death  Only the beginnings of the mosque had been completed, including a large part of its massive minaret now known as the Hassan Tower 
Some of Rabat's historic gates, most notably Bab er-Rouah, also date from this time, one of Al-Mansur's famous works is the Bimaristan of Marrakesh, the first hospital in Morocco to be ever built, Al-Mansur embellished it with luxurious ornaments and sculptures, it had gardens, water canals attached to it and it was Funded personally by Almohad's government, it is said that Averroes worked there for some time 

Philosophy and religion
Al-Mansur protected the philosopher Averroes and kept him as a favorite at court  Like many of the Almohad caliphs, Al-Mansur was religiously learned  He favored the Zahirite or literalist school of Muslim jurisprudence per Almohad doctrine and possessed a relatively extensive education in the Muslim prophetic tradition; he even wrote his own book on the recorded statements and actions of the prophet Muhammad  Mansur's Zahirism was clear when he ordered his judges to exercise judgment only according to the Qur'an, said recorded statements and absolute consensus  Mansur's father Abu Yaqub appointed Cordoban polymath Ibn Maḍāʾ as chief judge, and the two of them oversaw the banning of all non-Zahirite religious books during the Almohad reforms; Mansur was not satisfied, and when he inherited the throne he ordered Ibn Maḍāʾ to actually undertake the burning of such books 

Death and legacy
He died on 23 January 1199 in Marrakech His victory in Alarcos was remembered for centuries later, when the tide of war turned against the Muslim side  It is recounted by the historian Ibn Abi Zar in his 1326 Rawd al-Qirtas ("History of the Rulers of the Maghreb") The town of Moulay Yacoub, outside of Fez, Morocco, is named after Al-Mansur, and is best known for its therapeutic hot springs 
Passage 3:
Umar of Borno
Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin (Arabic: اولعمر ابن محمد لرشيد) or Umar of Borno (died 1881) was Shehu (Sheik) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire and son of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi 

Reign of Umar
Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837  Umar did not match his father's vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers (wazirs)  Umar ruled from 1837 until November 1853 when he was deposed by his brother `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin who became Shehu  The latter only reigned until 1854 when Umar reconquered his throne Umar ruled as Shehu for a second time from September 1854 to 1880  Borno began to decline, as a result of administrative disorganization, regional particularism, and attacks by the militant Ouaddai Empire to the east  The decline continued under Umar's sons, and in 1894 Rabih az-Zubayr, leading an invading army from eastern Sudan, conquered Borno 

Dynasty
Footnotes
Bibliography
Brenner, Louis, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973) 
Cohen, Ronald, The Kanuri of Bornu, Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967) 
Denham, Dixon  and Captain Clapperton and the Late Doctor Oudney, Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, (Boston: Cummings, Hilliards and Co , 1826) 
Isichei, Elizabeth, A History of African Societies to 1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp  318–320, ISBN 0-521-45599-5 
Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in General history of Africa, ed  by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp  238–265 
Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in Histoire Generale De l'Afrique, Rev  ed  (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp  599–646 
Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd  2, Frankfurt a  M  1993: 179-186 
Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore (2005)  Africa Since 1800, Fifth Edition  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press  ISBN 0-521-83615-8 
Palmer, Herbert Richmond, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936) 
Taher, Mohamed (1997)  Encyclopedic Survey of Islamic Dynasties A Continuing Series  New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT  LTD  ISBN 81-261-0403-1 

External links
Kanuri Studies Association
Passage 4:
Muhammad al-Nasir
Muhammad al-Nasir (Arabic: الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور, al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr, c  1182 – 1213) was the fourth Almohad Caliph from 1199 until his death  Contemporary Christians referred to him as Miramamolin           
On 25 January 1199, al-Nasir's father Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur died; al-Nasir was proclaimed the new caliph that very day  Al-Nasir inherited from his father an empire that was showing signs of instability  Because of his father's victories against the Christians in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus), he was temporarily relieved from serious threats on that front and able to concentrate on combating and defeating Banu Ghaniya attempts to seize Ifriqiya (Tunisia)  Needing, after this, to deal with problems elsewhere in the empire, he appointed Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as governor of Ifriqiya, so unwittingly inaugurating the rule of the Hafsid dynasty there, which lasted until 1574 

Dynasty and Iberian presence
He now had to turn his attention back to Iberia, to deal with a Crusade proclaimed by Pope Innocent III at the request of King Alfonso VIII of Castile  This resulted in his defeat by a Christian coalition at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)  He died the following year, and was succeeded by his young son Yusuf al-Mustansir, born of Christian slave Qamar 

Relationship with King John of England
In the early 13th century, John, King of England was under pressure after a quarrel with Pope Innocent III led to England being placed under an interdict, by which all forms of worship and other religious practices were banned  John himself was excommunicated, parts of the country were in revolt and there were threats of a French invasion Writing two decades after the events, Matthew Paris, a St Albans chronicler of the early thirteenth century, claims that, in desperation, John sent envoys to al-Nâsir asking for his help  In return John offered to convert to Islam, to make the country at disposal of the caliph and turn England into a Muslim state  Among the delegates was Master Robert, a London cleric  Al-Nâsir was said to be so disgusted by John's grovelling plea that he sent the envoys away  Historians have cast doubt on this story, due to the lack of other contemporary evidence 

Viziers
Abu Zayd bin Yujan (1198–1199)
Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs (1199–1205), the future governor of Ifriqiya (see above)
Abu Sa`id Uthman ibn Jam`i (1205–1214)
Passage 5:
Clare Nasir
Clare Lyn Nasir (born 20 June 1970) is an English meteorologist, author, and TV presenter 

Early life
Born in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, Nasir's family is musical, with Nasir playing the saxophone, while three of her brothers are professional musicians  Nasir attended Kingsbrook School in South Northamptonshire, where in 1988 she obtained A-levels in Mathematics, Geography and History  She then studied at the University of Plymouth, graduating with an honours degree in Mathematics, continuing on with her master's degree in Applied Marine Sciences 

Career
After university studies, Nasir joined the Met Office, training to become a qualified weather forecaster Two years later, Nasir joined the Met Office's London Weather Centre, offering weather forecasting and presenting services to London radio stations and media outlets  Subsequently, she took a position as forecaster and presenter for Anglia Television in 1997  She returned to London to work for Carlton Television in 1998 
In 2000 Nasir joined GMTV as maternity leave cover for regular weather forecaster Andrea McLean, however this led to a permanent contract, with her sharing duties with McLean following her return 
In 2001 Nasir was made weather producer and presenter being responsible for all weather output and weather-related features on GMTV  GMTV forecasts include outside broadcasts, the most famous of which involves Nasir reporting from Bridlington seafront  Being lashed by wind and rain, in the middle of the report an enormous wave burst over the harbour wall, completely covering her and sending her flying out of shot  Undeterred, she picked herself up and finished her report, having to speak directly into the boom microphone as she had lost her microphone pack As well as presenting the weather on GMTV, Nasir has hosted several series, including "Interactive Wedding", the travel series "Great Escapes", and "Extreme Weather", wherein she investigated globally changing weather patterns 
In 2007 Nasir served as one of many panelists on Through the Keyhole 
On 1 August 2010, the Daily Mirror announced Nasir was to quit GMTV prior to the following month, to launch a fitness DVD  On 3 September 2010, on the final broadcast of GMTV, Nasir presented her last weather forecast 
From 20 November 2010 until 27 October 2013, Nasir presented weather forecasts for the ITN produced regional news programme ITV News London on ITV London 
In 2011, Nasir completed a diploma in International Environmental Policy from the Open University In February 2012, Nasir appeared as a celebrity guest on the Channel 5 TV show, "Live With    " and spoke of her journey of having achieved her goal of having a baby Nasir has written a regular weather-related blog column for The Huffington Post (UK) In June 2012 Nasir presented weather forecasts for the ITN produced 5 News on Channel 5 to cover for Sian Welby while she is on holiday or a break 
As of 4 October 2013, Nasir has presented weather forecasts for the BBC North West produced regional news programme BBC North West Tonight as well as Look North for Yorkshire and Look North for Lincolnshire and Yorkshire 
Since 2016, Nasir has hosted the weather bulletins for the Met Office online  Nasir has also written a series of children's books including Colin The Cloud 
On 31 October 2016, Nasir joined as full-time weather forecaster for 5 News on Channel 5 

Filmography
Personal life
Nasir has been married to DJ Chris Hawkins since March 2005  She gave birth to a daughter on 11 November 2009, seven weeks early  Clare took maternity leave from GMTV for 5 months from October 2009 to February 2010 
In 2012, Nasir and Hawkins moved to Wilmslow as Hawkins continues working for BBC Radio 6 Music at MediaCityUK Nasir's brother Matt plays in Frank Turner's backing band, The Sleeping Souls 

Books
COLIN THE CLOUD  (2014) Rudling House 
STEVE THE STRATUS  (2015) Rudling House 
What Does Rain Smell Like? (2019)
Passage 6:
Muhammad Nasir
Muhammad Nasir (born 28 March 1937) is a Pakistani boxer  He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics 
Passage 7:
Mohammad Jibran Nasir
Mohammad Jibran Nasir  (Urdu: محمد جبران ناصر; born 10 February 1987) is a Pakistani civil rights activist, and lawyer 

Early life and education
Nasir was born on 10 February 1987 in Karachi, Pakistan  He completed his O-Levels from Saint Michael's Convent School in Karachi, A-Levels from The Lyceum School in Karachi, and went to the University of London International Programme for Bachelor of Law (LLB Hons )  Later, he completed LLM in International Commercial Law from the University of Northumbria, UK 

Activism
He is a lawyer by profession and is known for criticizing state policies regarding banned organisations in Pakistan and call attention to the need for protection of minorities Nasir has been a trustee at Elaj Trust and involved in relief work through Elaj Trust  He founded the NGO, Never Forget Pakistan and is also involved in advocacy for marginalised communities through Pakistan For All Nasir became prominent following the December 2014's Peshawar's school attack which led to 150 dead after he led the procession calling for the arrest of Lal Masjid cleric Abdul Aziz, for which he subsequently received alleged threats from Taliban spokesman He was noted by Foreign Policy Magazine amongst the three Pakistanis making considerable effort against sectarian violence In January 2015, Nasir played a key role in organising a new movement to "Reclaim Pakistan" from violent extremism and played a major role in organising demonstrations carrying playcards and candles  Nasir had been leading protests against terrorism in Pakistan, and was arrested on 5 February 2015 for protesting near the Chief Minister's residence along with other Civil Society activists  Later on the same day, Nasir was released by the Karachi Police   Following his release he addressed protesters gathered and reiterated his 15-day ultimatum to government for taking action against banned organizations In 2017, Nasir filed a complaint with Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) alleging Aamir Liaquat Hussain in his TV show of running a defamatory and life-threatening campaign against him  Following which PEMRA banned TV show of Aamir Liaquat  Rawalpindi police also registered a case against Aamir Liaquat for threatening the life of Nasir  Amnesty International  in a letter to Interior Minister of Pakistan called on the government to take action to protect the lives and rights of activists including of Nasir due to harassment and threats by Aamir Liaquat 

Political career
Nasir ran for seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan and Provincial Assembly of Sindh as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-250 (Karachi-XII) and Constituency PS-113 (Karachi-XXV) respectively in 2013 Pakistani general election, but was unsuccessful after securing a meager 259 votes for the NA seat  He lost the National Assembly seat to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's candidate Arif Alvi and Sindh Assembly seat to Samar Ali Khan  NA-250 was described as one of the most hotly contested seats for the National Assembly  After the 2018 delimitation, the NA-250 constituency was renamed NA-247 In June 2018, he announced to contest in 2018 Pakistani general election as an independent candidate, for the seat of the National Assembly from Constituency NA-247 and for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from Constituency PS-111  His election campaign was titled "Hum Mein Se Aik"  Despite numerous publicity campaigns, he lost elections for both the national and provincial assembly seats by substantial margins 
He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from Constituency PS-111 as an independent candidate in by-election held on 21 October 2018, but was unsuccessful 
Passage 8:
Shoaib Nasir
Shoaib Nasir (born 26 February 1983) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer who plays for Rawalpindi 
Passage 9:
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi al-Amri (Arabic: عُثْمَان ٱبْن سَعِيد ٱلْأَسَدِيّ عَمْرِوْيّ ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd al-ʾAsadīy al-ʿAmrīy) was the first of the Four Deputies, who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE)  Uthman is also said to have been a trusted representative of the tenth and eleventh Imams, Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively  The date of his death is not certain, though it is believed that Uthman did not survive al-Askari for long 

Historical background
Until their deaths, the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams (Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively) were held under close surveillance in the garrison town of Samarra by the Abbasids, who are often responsible in Shia sources for poisoning the two Imams  The two Imams witnessed the deterioration of the Abbasid caliphate, as the imperial authority rapidly transitioned into the hands of the Turks, particularly after al-Mutawakkil Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil violently prosecuted the Shia, partly due to the renewed Zaydi opposition  The restrictive policies of al-Mutawakkil towards the tenth Imam were later adopted by his son, al-Mu'tamid, who is reported to have kept the eleventh Imam under house arrest without any visitors  Instead, al-Askari is known to have mainly communicated with his followers through a network of representatives  Among them was Uthman ibn Sa'id, who is said to have disguised himself as a seller of cooking fat to avoid the Abbasid agents, hence his nickname al-Samman  Tabatabai suggests that these restrictions were placed on al-Askari because the caliphate had come to know about traditions among the Shia elite, predicting that the eleventh Imam would father the eschatological Mahdi 

Underground network
The underground network of representatives might date back to Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam, in response to the Abbasid restrictions on him  At the time, the main purpose of this network was to collect the Islamic alms, such as khums and zakat  The Abbasid al-Rashid is said to have carried out a campaign of arrests in 179 (795) to decimate this underground network which ultimately led to the arrest of Musa al-Kazim, the seventh Imam, and his death in prison By the time of Muhammad al-Jawad, the ninth Imam, some of the representatives took administrative and military roles in the caliphate by practicing religious dissimulation (taqiya)  The underground network of Ali al-Hadi, the tenth Imam, was highly developed, especially in Samarra, Baghdad, Mada'in, and Sawad  However, a campaign of arrests and the subsequent tortures by the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil (r  847–861) might have led the caliph to discover that the Imam was behind their activities  Al-Mutawakkil then summoned the Imam to Samarra, where he was kept under close surveillance and possibly house arrest  According to Hussain, restrictions on the later Imams inevitably expanded the role and authority of their representatives, particularly their main agent  By performing certain functions of the Imams, these representatives might have hoped to save the Imams from the political pressure of the Abbasids 

Tenure as an agent of al-Hadi
Uthman was a close associate of the tenth Imam, Ali al-Hadi  It is reported that he was eleven when he first served as an agent for this Imam 

Tenure as an agent of al-Askari
After the death of al-Hadi in 254 (868), his successor, Hasan al-Askari, appointed Uthman as a representative in 256 (869-70)  It also seems certain that Uthman became the closest associate of the eleventh Imam  Both al-Hadi and al-Askari are said to have praised Uthman as highly trustworthy  As a representative of the two Imams, Uthman disguised himself as a seller of cooking fat to avoid the Abbasid agents, hence his nickname al-Samman  It is reported that he collected religious donations, hid them in the containers of cooking fat, and delivered them to al-Askari  After the death of al-Askari in 260 (874), Uthman performed the funeral rites of the eleventh Imam, an honor for which he must have received the permission of al-Askari beforehand 

Tenure as an agent of al-Mahdi
Immediately after the death of al-Askari in 260 (874), Uthman claimed that the eleventh Imam had a young son, named Muhammad, who had entered a state of occultation (ghayba) due to the Abbasid threat to his life  As the special agent of al-Askari, Uthman also claimed that he had been appointed to represent the son of the eleventh Imam  Twelver sources detail that Muhammad al-Mahdi made his only public appearance to lead the funeral prayer for his father instead of his uncle, Ja'far As the closest associate of al-Askari, the local representatives and the Shia community largely recognized Uthman's claim to be the agent of the Hidden Imam  However, there were possibly doubts among the Shia about Uthman's authority to collect and distribute the religious donations  In his new capacity as the caretaker of the office of imamate, Uthman also received petitions and made available their responses, sometimes in writing The date of his death is not certain, but it is believed that Uthman did not survive al-Askari for long  Klemm holds that Uthman died in 880 CE  Uthman was succeeded by his son, Abu Ja'far Muhammad, as the next agent of the Hidden Imam  Tusi in his Rijal reports that the eleventh Imam had appointed Uthman and his son as agents of his son, Muhammad, in the presence of a group of Yemeni followers 

See also
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Uthman
Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri
Passage 10:
Nasir (footballer)
Nasir (born 8 October 1995) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays for Liga 1 club Dewa United, mainly as a left back but also as a left winger 

Club career
Arema FC
At first he was just following his selection at Arema FC, but when Ahmad Nufiandani joined PS TNI, Nasir also got a place to fill the slot for U-23 players  Nasir could follow the selection in Arema FC because it was recommended by former Arema FC players, Andi Robot  He was able to captivate the attention of the coaching team during the selection 

Persebaya Surabaya
He was signed for Persebaya Surabaya to play in the Liga 1 in the 2020 season  This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic  The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021 

Persela Lamongan
He was signed for Persela Lamongan to play in 2021 Menpora Cup and Liga 1 in the 2021 season  Nasir made his debut on 4 September 2021 in a match against PSIS Semarang at the Wibawa Mukti Stadium, Cikarang 

Dewa United
Nasir was signed for Dewa United to play in Liga 1 in the 2022–23 season  He made his debut on 1 October 2022 in a match against RANS Nusantara at the Indomilk Arena, Tangerang 

Career statistics
Club
As of match played 8 July 2023

Honours
Club
Arema

Indonesia President's Cup: 2017, 2019Persebaya Surabaya

East Java Governor Cup: 2020



ground_truth: Poznań

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the father of Muhammad Al-Nasir born?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Sir Hew Dalrymple-Hamilton, 4th Baronet
Sir Hew Dalrymple-Hamilton, 4th Baronet (1774 – 23 February 1834) was a British politician 
He was the eldest son of Sir Hew Dalrymple, 3rd Baronet  He succeeded his father in February, 1800 and took the additional surname of Hamilton 

He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 24 October 1791  On 16 June 1814, he was made a DCL He served in the British Army as an Ensign in the 1st Foot Guards from 1792, as a lieutenant and captain from 1794 and as a major in the 28th Light Dragoons from 1799 to c 1800 
He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Haddingtonshire 1795–1800, Ayrshire 1803-1807 and 1811–1818 and Haddington Burghs 1820–1826 He died at Bargany in 1834  He had married the Hon  Jane Duncan, daughter of Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan and had one daughter  He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his brother Sir John Hamilton-Dalrymple, 5th Baronet 
Passage 2:
Sir John Gage (15th-century landowner)
Sir John Gage was a major landowner and grandfather of the Tudor courtier Sir John Gage KG 

Background
He was a son of John Gage and his wife Joan, heiress of John Sudgrove of Sudgrove, Gloucestershire  The marriage of his parents appears in a pedigree that was compiled in 1627 from family deeds by Richard Hoskins of the Inner Temple  In 1416-17, John Sudgrove settled his lands at Miserden and Sudgrove on John and Joan Gage and Alice, his other daughter, with her husband John Bovey  Joan survived her husband and, on 10 August 1438, she and her son John conveyed their lands in Cirencester, Nether Siddington, Miserden and Brimsfield to trustees  That transaction may have taken place in connection with the marriage of John the son 

Marriage and family
John married Eleanor, a daughter of Thomas St Clere and his wife, Margaret Hoo   As Sir Thomas had no son, his three daughters were co-heirs to the extensive properties that he held at the time of his death in 1435 Sir John and Eleanor were the parents of:

William Gage
John GageIn December 1445, the properties formerly held by Thomas St Clere were released from the King's hands into which they had been taken, despite Sir Thomas' attempts to deprive the King of his rights over the property and control of the marriages of its heiresses  By that stage, all three of Sir Thomas' daughters were married A deed dated 8 July 1446 set out the agreed partition of Sir Thomas' lands between his three daughters and their husbands  The agreement involved John and Eleanor Gage receiving the following share:

In Sussex: The manors of Heighton St Clere, Hoathly & Tarring St Clere, with the advowson of Tarring 
In Surrey: The manors of Burstow, Hedgecourt and Marden 
In Kent: The manor of Wodeland  “Woodland alias Week” was a manor in the parish of West Kingsdown 
In Buckinghamshire: The manor of Aston Chiverey in the parish of Aston Clinton 
In Northamptonshire: The manor of Old (alias Wold) 

Career
John Gage was appointed Escheator of Northamptonshire and Rutland in 1446 and described as "late escheator" of Rutland in 1448  In November 1454, "John Gauge" was one of six men appointed to enquire into various details of the manor of Geddington  In July 1461, he was granted the post of Receiver of the Duchy of Lancaster lands in Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire "during good behaviour" Evidence of how Hedgecourt Manor was managed by Sir John and his family has been extensively analysed by the Felbridge & District History Group 

Death and legacy
Inquisitions post mortem that were held after Sir John's death, which took place on 3 September 1475, established the contemporary extent of his landholdings  
On 28 November 1475, orders were issued to the escheators for Buckinghamshire, Surrey and Sussex stating that William Gage was the son and heir of Eleanor (late the wife of John Gage and one of the daughters and heirs of Thomas St Clere) and that William was now to have full seisin of those lands  The orders confirmed that Sir John had survived his wife and after her death held her lands for his own lifetime by courtesy of England Various accounts, in Burke's Peerage and elsewhere, report the year of Sir John's death as 1486  They appear to be based on a reference in the Visitation of Gloucestershire 1623 to a statement taken from "Howard 17, Herald's College" to the effect that his inquisition post mortem was held on 30 September 26 Edward IV (i e  1486)  However, 1486 cannot be the correct year because the records of his inquisitions post mortem are dated 1475  Moreover, "26 Edward IV" is not a valid Regnal year, as Edward IV died on 9 April 1483 
Passage 3:
Thomas Gladstones
Thomas Gladstones (3 June 1732 – 12 May 1809) was a Scottish flour merchant and philanthropist  He was the father of Sir John Gladstone and the grandfather of the British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone 

Early life
Born at the farm of Mid Toftcombs in the parish of Biggar, Lanarkshire, Thomas Gladstones was the fourth son of John Gladstones (c 1696–1757), a miller and farmer at Mid Toftcombs  John Gladstones also served as an elder of Biggar Kirk  Thomas's elder brother, James, was a Church of Scotland minister and rector of Leith Academy 
In 1746, when he was aged 14, Thomas's father arranged for him to be apprenticed to Alexander Somerville, a wine merchant in Leith  When Thomas completed his apprenticeship he decided that the corn trade offered better prospects than did wine, and he established himself in Leith as a provision merchant and corn dealer, eventually trading at both wholesale and retail 
He died in 1809 at his home on Coalhill in Leith 

Marriage and family
On 21 April 1762, Gladstones married Nelly Neilson (1738–1806), the daughter of Walter Neilson, a merchant from Springfield near Edinburgh  They had sixteen children together, the second-born, and eldest son, being Sir John Gladstones 

Career
Thomas Gladstones' corn business prospered during the 1760s  His business operated from a shop at the front of his house on Coalhill in Leith  Thomas became the lessee of the Dalry paper mill, where he appointed his brother-in-law, James Murray, as superintendent  He also bought and sold grain from the Baltic ports, was an investor in a Leith whaling syndicate, owned a number of trading ships, and had an interest in the sulfuric acid plants at Barrowmuirhead, near Leith  His provisions business focused on provisioning ships with butter, oranges, wine, vinegar and other goods 
Thomas Gladstones was a Whig and an elder in the Church of Scotland  He died at his home in Leith in May 1809, aged 86  He was buried in the churchyard of North Leith Parish Church 

See also
Gladstone baronets
Passage 4:
John Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair
John Hamilton Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair, KT (1 April 1819 – 3 December 1903), styled Viscount Dalrymple from 1853 until 1864, was a Scottish peer and politician, who served as Governor of the Bank of Scotland for thirty-three years 

Biography
He was the eldest son of North Dalrymple, 9th Earl of Stair, and married Louisa-Jane-Henrietta-Emily, eldest daughter of the 3rd Duc de Coigny, in 1846  They had 6 children:

John Dalrymple, 11th Earl of Stair (1848–1914)
Lady Jane Georgina Dalrymple (1850 − 8 June 1914; twin), married Sir Arthur Vivian and had issue
Lady Anne Henrietta Dalrymple (1850 – 18 Feb 1899; twin), married Major-Gen  William Vesey Brownlow and had no issue
Hon  North de Coigny Dalrymple-Hamilton (31 October 1853 – 9 November 1906), married Marcia Liddell and had issue, including Frederick Dalrymple-Hamilton
Hon  Sir Hew Hamilton Dalrymple KCVO (27 September 1857 – 11 July 1945), unmarried and had no issue
Rev  the Hon  Robert McGill Dalrymple (b  1862), Vicar of St  Stephen's Church, Sneinton, NottinghamHe represented Wigtownshire in Parliament from 1841 to 1856  He became Earl of Stair on the death of his father in 1864, and served as Lord Lieutenant of Ayrshire from 1870 to 1897  From 1870 to 1903 he was the Governor of the Bank of Scotland  After it was proposed in 1877, he successfully opposed the southward extension to Drummore of the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway  He also served as Lord High Commissioner to the Church of Scotland from 1869 to 1871  Between 1896 and 1902 he served as President of the Edinburgh conservation body the Cockburn Association 
Passage 5:
Sir Hew Dalrymple, 3rd Baronet
Sir Hew Dalrymple, 3rd Baronet (26 October 1746 – 13 February 1800) was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Haddingtonshire 1780–1786 

Early life
He was the son of Sir Hew Dalrymple, 2nd Baronet  He succeeded his father to the baronetcy in 1790 

Career
He was an army officer, serving as an ensign in the 31st Foot from 1763, a captain in the 1st Foot from 1768, and the 92nd Foot from 1779 He stepped down as MP in 1786, when he was appointed Auditor of the Excise in Scotland 1786, holding this post until his death  He changed his name to Hamilton-Dalrymple in 1796 when he inherited the estate of Bargany from his uncle, John Hamilton (formerly Dalrymple) 

Personal life
He married in 1770 his cousin Janet, the daughter of William Duff of Crombie, sheriff depute of Ayrshire, and had eight sons and four daughters, including Janet Dalrymple (wife of Robert Haldane-Duncan, 1st Earl of Camperdown)  He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Sir Hew Dalrymple-Hamilton, 4th Baronet 
Passage 6:
John Dalrymple, 5th Earl of Stair
John Dalrymple, 5th Earl of Stair (1720–1789) was a Scottish soldier and politician 

Life
He was eldest son of George Dalrymple of Dalmahoy, fifth son of John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair, and a baron of the court of exchequer of Scotland, by his wife Euphame, eldest daughter of Sir Andrew Myrton of Gogar  He passed advocate of the Scottish bar in 1741, but he entered the army and attained the rank of captain  He was a favourite with his uncle John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, who having in 1707 obtained a new charter containing, in default of male issue, a reversionary clause in favour of any one of the male descendants of the first Viscount Stair whom he should nominate, selected him to succeed him in the states and honours on his own death  He therefore, in 1745, assumed the title, and voted as Earl of Stair in 1747, but by a decision of the House of Lords in 1748 the titles were assigned to his cousin James Dalrymple, who became 3rd Earl of Stair John Dalrymple succeeded to the title as fifth earl on the death of his cousin William, William Dalrymple-Crichton, 5th Earl of Dumfries, 4th Earl of Stair, on 27 July 1768  He was chosen a representative peer in 1771, and in the House of Lords opposed the measures which led to the American War of Independence  He presenting a petition on behalf of Massachusetts in 1774  In the general election of 1774 he was not returned to parliament Stair died on 13 October 1789 

Works
Stair wrote pamphlets, mainly on national finance  Their gloomy character and their predictions, earned for him, according to Horace Walpole, the nickname "Cassandra of the State"  They included:
The State of the National Debt, Income, and Expenditure, 1776 
Considerations preliminary to the fixing the Supplies, the Ways and Means, and the Taxes for the year 1781, 1781 
Facts and their Consequences submitted to the Consideration of the Public at large, 1782 
An Attempt to balance the Income and Expenditure of the State, 1783 
An Argument to prove that it is the indispensable Duty of the Public to insist that Government do forthwith bring forward the consideration of the State of the Nation, 1783 
State of the Public Debts, 1783 
On the Proper Limits of Government's Interference with the Affairs of the East India Company, 1784 
Address to, and Expostulation with, the Public, 1784 
Comparative State of the Public Revenue for the years ending on 10 October 1783 and 10 Oct  1784, 1785 

Family
By his wife, a daughter of George Middleton, banker, London, Dalrymple had one son John, who succeeded him as sixth earl 

Notes
Attribution This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephen, Leslie, ed  (1888)  "Dalrymple, John (1720-1789)"  Dictionary of National Biography  Vol  13  London: Smith, Elder & Co 

External links
Works by John Dalrymple at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about John Dalrymple, 5th Earl of Stair at Internet Archive
Passage 7:
Sir John Hamilton-Dalrymple, 5th Baronet
Sir John Hamilton-Dalrymple, 5th Baronet (2 December 1780 – 26 May 1835) was a Scottish politician and the MP for Haddington Burghs between 1805 and 1806  He was the second son of Sir Hew Dalrymple, 3rd Baronet, and the younger brother of Sir Hew Dalrymple-Hamilton, 4th Baronet An army officer, he served as a cornet in the 28th Light Dragoons in 1795, rising through the ranks of lieutenant in 1797, captain in 1800 and then going on to half-pay in 1802 during the Peace of Amiens  He became captain-commandant of the North Berwick Volunteers in 1803, and then a captain in the 73rd Regiment of Foot on the resumption of the war with France  He changed regiments, joining the 42nd Regiment of Foot as a captain in 1803, and by 1805 was a major in the 64th Regiment of Foot  He became a lieutenant-colonel in the 10th Regiment of Foot later that year, and served with the 22 Regiment of Foot in 1806  He became a brevet colonel in 1813 and a major-general in 1819  He served for a time at Madras and inherited his brother's baronetcy on 23 February 1834  He had married Charlotte Warrender, the daughter of Sir Patrick Warrender, on 30 July 1806  They had two sons and five daughters  He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son, Hew 

Citations
Passage 8:
John Fletcher (American football)
John Hamilton Fletcher, Sr  (March 31, 1901 - June 4, 1977) was a college football player 

College Football
Fletcher was a prominent fullback for the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia, selected All-Southern in 1922   Walter Camp gave him honorable mention on his All-America team  In the game against Tennessee in 1923, one account reads "he rammed the ball almost the entire length of the field on two occasions " He was elected captain of the 1924 team, but went down with injury and had his place at captain filled by tackle Jim Taylor  At Georgia he was a member of Alpha Tau Omega 
Passage 9:
John Dalrymple, 8th Earl of Stair
General John Hamilton Dalrymple, 8th Earl of Stair, KT (14 June 1771 – 10 January 1853), known as Sir John Dalrymple, 5th Baronet, between 1810 and 1840, was a British soldier and politician 

Background
Stair was the son of Sir John Dalrymple, 4th Baronet, and Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Hamilton-Makgill and heiress and representative of the Viscounts of Oxfuird (or Oxenfoord)  In 1810 he succeeded in the baronetcy, and inherited Oxenfoord Castle, on the death of his father   In March 1840 following the death of his 2nd cousin John Dalrymple, 7th Earl of Stair, who died without issue, he inherited the title of Earl of Stair 

Military and political career
Stair was a general in the British Army  In 1832 he was returned to Parliament for Midlothian, as seat he held until 1835  He succeeded a distant relative as eighth Earl of Stair in 1840  As this was a Scottish peerage it did not entitle him to an automatic seat in the House of Lords  However, in 1841 he was created Baron Oxenfoord, of Cousland in the County of Edinburgh, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him a seat in the upper chamber of parliament  The peerage was created with special remainder to his younger brother  The choice of title was in honour of the title held by his mother's family, Viscount of Oxfuird of Oxenfoord  In 1847 he was further honoured when he was appointed a Knight of the Thistle 

Family
Lord Stair was twice married  He married firstly Harriet, daughter of Reverend Robert Augustus Johnson, in 1795  After her death in 1823 he married secondly the Hon  Adamina, daughter of Admiral Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, in 1825  Both marriages were childless  Lord Stair died in January 1853, aged 81, and was succeeded in his titles (in the barony of Oxenfoord according to the special remainder) by his younger brother, North Dalrymple  The Countess of Stair died in August 1857 
Passage 10:
Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet
Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet (c  1714 – 21 May 1777), was a British Tory Member of Parliament 
Wodehouse was the son of Sir John Wodehouse, 4th Baronet, and Mary Fermor  His unusual first name reflects his connection with the Armine Baronets through his grandmother Anne Armine  He was elected to the House of Commons for Norfolk in 1737, a seat he held until 1768  In 1754 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy and to the family seat of Kimberley Hall in Norfolk 
Wodehouse married Letitia Bacon, daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon, 6th Baronet, in 1738  He died in 1777 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John, who was created Baron Wodehouse in 1797 and who was the great-grandfather of statesman John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley  Wodehouse's second son Reverend Philip Wodehouse (1745–1811) was the great-grandfather of the author P  G  Wodehouse while his third son Thomas Wodehouse was the grandfather of the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse 



ground_truth: Morocco

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Sir John Hamilton-Dalrymple, 5Th Baronet?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  con le donne) is a 1955 Italian comedy film directed by Giorgio Bianchi 

Plot
Professor Maldi, a researcher on the company held by Commendatore Tassinetti (Aldo Fabrizi), experiments on various animals, and especially on the capon Gildo, its preparation which should give courage to the men  Pressed by Tassinetti Maldi decides to experiment on himself the latest version of its compound, without waiting to know the reaction of the capon 
Soon, the shy Maldi finds himself desired by every woman he meets: rather than courage, his discovery provides an irresistible fascination for twenty-four hours 

Cast
Walter Chiari: Prof  Roberto Maldi
Aldo Fabrizi: Commendatore Tassinetti
Peppino De Filippo: Nicolino Donati
Dorian Gray: Doriana Paris
Bianca Maria Fusari: Sandra, Maldi's assistant
Tina Pica: Sibilla
Mario Carotenuto: Marassino
Sandra Mondaini:Giovanna
Lina Volonghi: Lucia, Tassinetti's wife
Valeria Fabrizi: Wardrobe supervisor
Enrico Glori: Butler at Caprice nightclub
Riccardo Billi: Husband
Erminio Spalla: Doriana's confidence man
Bruno Corelli: Director
Dina Perbellini: Marassino's wife
Passage 6:
It's in the Bag
It's in the Bag can refer to:

It's in the Bag, a pricing game on The Price Is Right
It's in the Bag (game show), a long-running New Zealand game show
L'affaire est dans le sac (English: It's in the Bag), a 1932 French film
It's in the Bag (1936 film), a British film
It's in the Bag (1944 film), a British film
It's in the Bag! (1945 film), a 1945 American film starring Fred Allen
Passage 7:
The Bag Man
The Bag Man (also known as Motel or The Carrier) is a 2014 neo-noir crime thriller film directed by David Grovic  It is based on an original screenplay by James Russo and a rewrite by David Grovic and Paul Conway and an inspiration of The Cat: A Tale of Feminine Redemption by Marie-Louise von Franz  The film stars John Cusack, Rebecca Da Costa, Crispin Glover, Dominic Purcell, Robert De Niro, and Sticky Fingaz  The film premiered on February 28, 2014, in New York and Los Angeles 

Plot
Brutal gangster Dragna recruits professional killer Jack to pick up a bag and wait for his arrival at a motel   Dragna stresses that Jack is not to open the bag or allow anyone to view its contents under any circumstances   Confused as to why Dragna wants him to do such an apparently easy job, Jack presses for more details, but Dragna only reiterates the rules   When Jack acquires the bag and a henchman of Dragna's shoots him in the hand, Jack kills him and stuffs the body in his car's trunk   Dragna is unsympathetic when Jack calls him and instructs Jack to stick to the plan 
At the motel, Jack meets several people: Ned, the desk clerk who uses a wheelchair; Rivka, a tall hooker; and Lizard and Guano, a pair of pimps  Jack requests room number thirteen, and Ned cautions him that it is a deathtrap, as it is unconnected   When two suited men become curious about Jack, he abruptly breaks into their room and kills both  A subsequent search reveals FBI badges and a briefcase  Jack sets the briefcase aside and leaves to dump the corpse stored in his car, but promptly returns upon being spotted, only to discover that Rivka has broken into his room  Fearful that Lizard will kill her, she requests that he allow her to stay 
Jack initially demands that she leave, then detains her when he cannot be sure whether she opened the bag  Rivka points out that the briefcase contains a photo of the bag, and Jack becomes worried that others may attempt to acquire it  When Jack attempts to drive Rivka to a bus station, she spots the corpse in the back of his car  Lizard and Guano first question Jack about Rivka and later, on the road, attack him  On their corpses he finds another photo of the bag  Unsure what to do with Rivka, or of her involvement, he returns to the hotel with her to await Dragna's arrival 
Ned becomes suspicious that Jack has a guest in his room and calls the sheriff when Jack refuses to pay the double occupancy fee  Sheriff Larson briefly questions Jack, and, after Larson leaves, Jack threatens Ned  Increasingly worried about the safety of the bag, Jack buries it near the motel, only to be caught by Ned, who is now out of his wheelchair  Jack kills Ned and returns to the motel, where Larson arrests him under suspicion of Ned's disappearance 
As Larson prepares to torture Jack for information, Rivka shows up  Larson threatens to rape her, but she overpowers a deputy and frees Jack, who then kills Larson  When Rivka demonstrates detailed knowledge of the bag, Jack becomes suspicious of her again, but she points out that she has saved his life   Somewhat mollified, he retrieves the bag and waits in room fourteen  Dragna finally appears, disappointed in Jack's apparent lack of trust  Nonetheless satisfied that Jack has not looked in the bag, Dragna explains that the whole situation was a test of Jack's skills and character, as he doubted Jack's resolve in the wake of Jack's fiancee's unsolved murder some months earlier  The motel and the local cops are all on Dragna's payroll, and were all (unwittingly) part of the test 
As Dragna prepares to leave, Rivka spontaneously tells Jack that she looked in the bag  Frustrated, Jack points out that Dragna will now kill them both  Jack dutifully reports Rivka's action to Dragna, who orders her killed  Jack instead kills Dragna's bodyguard, who wounds Rivka  Jack hunts down Dragna, and both are wounded  Jack looks in the bag and discovers the head of his fiancee, whom Dragna had killed in order to prevent Jack from quitting the murder-for-hire business  Trying to persuade Jack to surrender, Dragna destroys the hotel (where Rivka supposedly is) with remote-detonated explosives  Moments later, Rivka appears and saves Jack by killing Dragna, but she is shot again  Later, in Dragna's lawyer's office, Rivka reveals herself as Dragna's mistress and personal assassin who was sent to the motel to ensure things went Dragna's way  She collects a five million dollar reward for Jack's assassination, and she and Jack drive off together 

Cast
John Cusack as Jack
Rebecca Da Costa as Rivka
Robert De Niro as Dragna
Crispin Glover as Ned Stensen
Dominic Purcell as Sheriff Larson
Sticky Fingaz as Lizard
Martin Klebba as Guano
Theodus Crane as Goose
David Shumbris as Pike
Mike Mayhall as Deputy Jones
Danny Cosmo as Bishop
David Grovic as Dragna's lawyer

Reception
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 10% of 42 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 3 4/10   Metacritic rated it 28/100 based on 18 reviews   Scott Foundas of Variety called it "a tedious, self-consciously quirky postmodern noir"   Stephen Farber of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "If it weren't for the touches of cruelty, this might have been a passable B-movie, but Bag Man ends up wasting the A-list talent caught up in the lurid exercise "  Stephen Holden of The New York Times described the plot as "a protracted and increasingly tedious cat-and-mouse game" that "pathetically tries to build up expectations about what might be in the bag"   Mike D'Angelo of The A V  Club called it a Quentin Tarantino knock-off made two decades too late 
Passage 8:
Una prostituta al servizio del pubblico e in regola con le leggi dello stato
Una prostituta al servizio del pubblico e in regola con le leggi dello stato (literally "A prostitute serving the public and complying with the laws of the state", also known as Prostitution Italian Style) is a 1970  Italian comedy-drama film written and directed by Italo Zingarelli For her performance Giovanna Ralli won the Grolla d'oro for best actress 

Cast
Giovanna Ralli: Oslavia
Giancarlo Giannini: Walter
Jean-Marc Bory: François Coly
Denise Bataille
Paolo Bonacelli
Roberto Chevalier
Passage 9:
The Man with the Bag
"The Man with the Bag" may refer to:

The Sack Man, a mythical figure
"(Everybody's Waitin' for) The Man with the Bag", a Christmas song
"The Man with the Bag", an episode of Ally McBeal
Passage 10:
The Police Serve the Citizens?
La polizia è al servizio del cittadino? (internationally released as The Police Serve the Citizens?) is a 1973 Italian giallo-poliziottesco film directed by Romolo Guerrieri  The film is set in Genova 

Cast
Enrico Maria Salerno: Commissioner Nicola Sironi
Giuseppe Pambieri: Commissioner Marino
John Steiner: Lambro
Venantino Venantini: Mancinelli
Alessandro Momo: Michele Sironi
Memmo Carotenuto: Baron
Marie Sophie Persson: Cristina
Daniel Gélin: Ing  Pier Paolo Brera
Gabriella Giorgelli: Eros, Prostitute
Enzo Liberti: Greengrocer

Release
The film was released on August 25, 1973  It was distributed by P I C  in Italy  The film grossed a total of ₤1 033 billion in Italy 



ground_truth: Sir Hew Dalrymple, 2nd Baronet