prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died first, Folgore Division or Sandflow?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Western Division
Western Division or West Division may refer to:

Locations
Western Division (The Gambia)
Western Division, Fiji
West Division (Northern Ireland)
Western Division (New South Wales)
West Division, Western Australia

Units
13th (Western) Division (United Kingdom)
19th (Western) Division (United Kingdom)
Western Rifle Division

Sport
Western Division (AFL)
West Division (CFL), a division of the Canadian Football League
West Division (NHL)
American League Western Division
National League Western Division
AFC West Division
NFC West Division
West Division of the Mid-American Conference
West Division of the Southeastern Conference
Western Division (cricket), a division of Minor League Cricket

See also

Western Conference (disambiguation)
Central Division (disambiguation)
Eastern Division (disambiguation)
Northern Division (disambiguation)
Southern Division (disambiguation)
All pages with titles containing Division West
All pages with titles containing West Division

All pages with titles beginning with Western Division
All pages with titles containing Western Division
Division (disambiguation)
Western (disambiguation)
West (disambiguation)
Passage 2:
Duilio Coletti
Duilio Coletti (28 December 1906 – 22 May 1999) was an Italian film director and screenwriter  He directed 29 films between 1934 and 1977 

Career
Born in Penne, Abruzzo, he took a degree in medicine and surgery and practiced the profession for a short time  He entered the film industry as a screenwriter and assistant director in early 1930s, then made his directorial debut in 1935 with Pierpin  Coletti specialized in films of great spectacular impact and was particularly appreciated in the direction of action movies His film Submarine Attack was entered into the 4th Berlin International Film Festival  He was a member of the jury at the 8th Berlin International Film Festival 

Selected filmography
Passage 3:
B Division
B Division, Division B, or variant may refer to:

B Division (New York City Subway)
B Division (Irish League), association football
Division B (Scottish Football League)
Divizia B (Romanian Football League)
Moldovan "B" Division
B-Division (Tuvalu)
Division B (FIBA EuroBasket)
Division B (Minor Hockey League), Russian ice hockey
Homicide: Division B, a 2008 short film

See also
A Division (disambiguation)
Second Division (disambiguation)
Passage 4:
Lesley Selander
Lesley Selander (May 26, 1900 – December 5, 1979) was an American film director of Westerns and adventure movies  His career as director, spanning 127 feature films and dozens of TV episodes, lasted from 1936 to 1968  Before that, Selander was assistant director on films such as The Cat and the Fiddle (1934), A Night at the Opera (1935), and Fritz Lang's Fury (1936) 
To this day Selander remains one of the most prolific directors of feature Westerns in cinema history, having taken the helm for 107 Westerns between his first directorial feature in 1936 and 1967   In 1956 he was nominated for the Directors Guild of America award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Television, for his work directing a 1954 episode of Lassie 

Filmography
Passage 5:
Folgore Division
Folgore Division (Italian: Divisione Folgore) is a 1955 Italian war film directed by Duilio Coletti  It is based on actual events and depicts the 185th Airborne Division Folgore during the battle of El-Alamein  The screenwriter and military advisor was Marcantonio Bragadin 

Plot
In the summer of 1942, during the Second World War, a group of young paratroopers from the Folgore Division, after having undergone a long and tiring training in Italy, was transported by air to the Libyan desert to cover the Italian-German front  The young soldiers believe that their destination is the island of Malta (operation C3) or the area of Alexandria: instead they find themselves thrown into a desert region where they are forced to live in holes dug in the sand and to face with insufficient means the armored British armored units  They will sadly see their parachutes piled up inside a warehouse in the desert  Thus develops that epic fight, which takes the name of the battle of El-Alamein, in which a handful of heroic fighters try with every effort to stop or at least delay the advance of General Montgomery's British tanks  Once their line-up has broken through, the survivors resist for several days an unequal struggle against the preponderant English forces, even being mentioned, for their heroism, by the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who called them "The lions of the Thunderbolt" 

Cast
Ettore Manni: The Captain
Fausto Tozzi: The Sergeant
José Jaspe: Salvi
Marco Guglielmi: Lt  Corsini
Aldo Bufi Landi: Friar Gabriele
Monica Clay: Captain's Wife
Lea Padovani:   Salvi's Wife
Mario Girotti: Paratrooper
Fabrizio Mioni: Gianluigi Corsini
Fernando Cicero
Carlo Tamberlani
Passage 6:
Sandflow
Sandflow is a 1937 American Western film directed by Lesley Selander and written by Frances Guihan  The film stars Buck Jones, Lita Chevret, Bob Kortman, Arthur Aylesworth, Bob Terry and Enrique de Rosas  The film was released on February 14, 1937, by Universal Pictures 

Plot
Lane Hallett is wanted for killing the Sheriff, however his brother Buck thinks he is innocent and sets out to prove it, but while he is out Quayle is after Lane for the reward money 

Cast
Buck Jones as Buck Hallett
Lita Chevret as Rose Porter
Bob Kortman as Quayle
Arthur Aylesworth as Tex
Bob Terry as Lane Hallett
Enrique de Rosas as Joaquin
Josef Swickard as Banker Porter
Lee Phelps as Singing Guard
Harold Hodge as Rillito
Tom Chatterton as Sheriff
Arthur Van Slyke as Santone
Malcolm Graham as Parable
Silver as Silver
Passage 7:
11th Division
11th Division or 11th Infantry Division may refer to:

Infantry divisions
11th Division (Australia)
11th Infantry Division (Bangladesh), see Md  Rashed Amin
11th Division (German Empire)
11th Reserve Division (German Empire)
11th Bavarian Infantry Division,  a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army, part of the Imperial German Army, in World War I
11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland
11th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
11th Infantry Division (Greece)
11th Indian Division, a unit of the British Indian Army during World War I
11th Infantry Division (India)
11th Infantry Division Brennero, Kingdom of Italy
11th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
11th Infantry Division (Pakistan)
11th Infantry Division (Poland)
11th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)
11th Division (Spain)
11th Division (Sri Lanka)
11th Infantry Division (Thailand), se Apirat Kongsompong
11th (East Africa) Division, a colonial unit of the British Empire during World War II
11th (Northern) Division, a unit of the British Army during World War I
11th Infantry Division (United States), a unit in World War I and World War II
11th Rifle Division (disambiguation)

Airborne divisions
11th Airborne Division (United States)

Armored divisions
11th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), Germany
11th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)
11th Armored Division (United States)

Aviation divisions
11th Air Division, a unit of the United States Air Force in Alaska

Air defense divisions
11th Air Defense Division, Yugoslavia

See also
11th Army (disambiguation)
XI Corps (disambiguation)
11th Group (disambiguation)
11th Brigade (disambiguation)
11th Regiment (disambiguation)
11th Battalion (disambiguation)
11 Squadron (disambiguation)
Passage 8:
Eastern Division
Eastern Division or East Division may refer to:

Military
12th (Eastern) Division, was a division raised by the British Army during the First World War
12th (Eastern) Infantry Division, was a division raised by the British Army during the Second World War
18th (Eastern) Division, was a division raised by the British Army during the First World War

Places
Eastern Division, Fiji
Eastern Division (New South Wales)
Eastern Land Division, a cadastral division of Western Australia

Sports
East Division (AFL), a division of the Arena Football League
East Division (CFL), a division of the Canadian Football League
East Division (NHL), a division of the National Hockey League
AFC East, a division of the American Football Conference
American League East, a division of Major League Baseball
National League East, a division of Major League Baseball
NFC East, a division of the National Football Conference
Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference
Eastern Division (cricket), a division of Minor League Cricket

Other uses
BMT Eastern Division of the New York City Subway
East Division High School, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

See also

Eastern Conference (disambiguation)
Central Division (disambiguation)
Northern Division (disambiguation)
Southern Division (disambiguation)
Western Division (disambiguation)
All pages with titles containing Division East
All pages with titles containing East Division

All pages with titles beginning with Eastern Division
All pages with titles containing Eastern Division
Division (disambiguation)
Eastern (disambiguation)
East (disambiguation)
Passage 9:
Division
Division or divider may refer to:

Mathematics
Division (mathematics), the inverse of multiplication
Division algorithm, a method for computing the result of mathematical division

Military
Division (military), a formation typically consisting of 10,000 to 25,000 troops
Divizion, a subunit in some militaries
Division (naval), a collection of warships

Science
Cell division, the process in which biological cells multiply
Continental divide, the geographical term for separation between watersheds
Division (biology), used differently in botany and zoology
Division (botany), a taxonomic rank for plants or fungi, equivalent to phylum in zoology
Division (horticulture), a method of vegetative plant propagation, or the plants created by using this method
Division, a medical/surgical operation involving cutting and separation, see ICD-10 Procedure Coding System

Technology
Beam compass, a compass with a beam and sliding sockets for drawing and dividing circles larger than those made by a regular pair of compasses
Divider caliper or compass, a caliper
Frequency divider, a circuit that divides the frequency of a clock signal

Society
Administrative division, territory into which a country is divided
Census division, an official term in Canada and the United States
Diairesis, Plato's method of definition by division
Division (business), of a business entity is a distinct part of that business but the primary business is legally responsible for all of the obligations and debts of the division
Division (political geography), a name for a subsidiary state or prefecture of a country
Division (sport), a group of teams in organised sport who compete for a divisional title
In parliamentary procedure:
Division of the assembly, a type of formally recorded vote by assembly members
Division of a question, to split a question into two or more questions
Partition (politics), the process of changing national borders or separating political entities
Police division, a large territorial unit of the British police

Places
Division station (CTA North Side Main Line), a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's North Side Main Line
Division station (CTA Blue Line), a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, serving the Blue Line
Division Mountain, on the Continental Divide along the Alberta - British Columbia border of Canada
Division Range, Humboldt County, Nevada

Music
Division (10 Years album), 2008
Division (The Gazette album), 2012
Divisions (album), by Starset, 2019
Division (music), a type of ornamentation or variation found in early music
Divider, as in Schenkerian music analysis, a consonant subdivision of a consonant interval
"Division", a song by Aly & AJ from Insomniatic, 2007
"Divider", a song by Scott Weiland from the album 12 Bar Blues (album), 1998

Other uses
Divider, a central reservation in Bangladesh
Division of the field, a concept in heraldry
Division (logical fallacy), when one reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts
Tom Clancy's The Division, a multiplayer video game by Ubisoft and Red Storm Entertainment
The Division (TV series), a police procedural

See also

Dvsn, Canadian musical group
Dividend, payments made by a corporation to its shareholder members
Compartment (disambiguation)
Div (disambiguation)
Divide (disambiguation)
Partition (disambiguation)
Section (disambiguation)
Segment (disambiguation)
Split (disambiguation)
Subdivision (disambiguation)
All pages with titles beginning with Division
All pages with titles containing Division
Passage 10:
A Division
A Division or A-Division or Division A or variant has the following meanings:

A Division (New York City Subway)
Moldovan "A" Division, football (soccer)
Tuvalu A-Division, football (soccer)
Martyr's Memorial A-Division League, football (soccer)

See also
B Division (disambiguation)
Division 1
Context 2: Passage 1:
Black King (comics)
Black King, in comics, may refer to:

Marvel Comics characters, members of Hellfire Club, in various branches at various times  The title also gives its owner complete ownership of the club 
Sebastian Shaw (comics), as originally introduced in X-Men comics
Blackheart, part of Selene's reformed group
Sunspot (comics), replaced Sebastian Shaw when he became Lord Imperial
DC Comics characters, who are members of Checkmate:
Amanda Waller, former organizer of Suicide Squad
Maxwell Lord, former organizer of the Justice League

See also
Black King (disambiguation)
White King (comics)
Black Queen (comics)
Passage 2:
The Black King (film)
The Black King is a comedy-drama 1932 race film chronicling the rise and fall of a fictionalized charismatic leader of a back-to-Africa movement, modeled on the life of Marcus Garvey  The film was directed by Bud Pollard 

Themes
The Black King chronicles the rise and fall of a fictionalized charismatic leader of a back-to-Africa movement, satirizing the life of Marcus Garvey  The film explores numerous critiques of Garvey's movement, including the lack of knowledge about Africa, the presumptuousness in making plans for future development and government in Africa without consultation of people already there, and conflicts between lighter skinned and darker skinned African Americans  While Garvey was a primarily a political leader with religious opinions, his counterpart in the film was primarily a preacher and religious leader  The film was intended to resonate with the audience's pre-existing disillusionment with Garvey 

History
The Black King was written as a stage play by Donald Heywood and plans were publicly announced to produce it on Broadway directed by Russian choreographer Léonide Massine  This never took place  Instead, Heywood's story was adapted by Morris M  Levinson and it was produced as a film by Southland Pictures under white director Bud Pollard in 1932  The film was re-released in the 1940s under the title, Harlem Big Shot 

Cast
A B  DeComathiere as Charcoal Johnson
Vivianne Baber as Mary Lou Lawton
Knolly Mitchell as Sug
Dan Micahels as Brother Longtree
Mike Jackson as Brother Lawton
James Dunmore as Nappy
Harry Gray as Deacon Jones
Mary Jane Watkins as Mrs  Bottoms
Freeman Fairley as Mob Leader
Ishmay Andrews as Mrs  Ashfoot
Trixie Smith as Delta
Lorenzo Tucker as Carmichael

Reception
Daniel J  Leab, a 1975 commentator, rates it well as entertainment, saying it has "a more carefully plotted storyline than most other black genre films of its time"  Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times wrote in 1988 that despite the film's small budget, the film has "considerable scope and energy     largely due to a dynamic, brutally comic burlesque of     [lead actor] A  B  Comathiere" 

Citations
Passage 3:
Indradhanura Chhai
Indradhanura Chhai is a 1993 Indian Oriya film directed by Susant Misra  This film reflects  the traditional structures of social and family life of a small town in India are growing strongly affected by the progressive urbanization of the country   Three generations of women see their perception of human nature to evolve, as their personal relationships   In their loneliness, they face problems of tradition, culture, religion and manage gender relations   Gradual urbanization and its consequences affect the traditional, social and family structures in a growing small town in India   The story explores the multidimensional conflicts of three women of different generations, their changing perceptions about human nature and personal relationships   Their lonely moments are highlighted in the context of the inexorable flow of time amidst issues of tradition, culture, religion and man-woman relationships
Context 3: Passage 1:
No Trees in the Street
No Trees in the Street is a 1959 British crime thriller directed by J  Lee Thompson and written by Ted Willis, from his 1948 stage play of the same name The film is set in the slums of London  It depicts the life of impoverished teenager Tommy, who becomes a criminal in an attempt at social mobility  He starts with minor thefts and progresses to murder  A subplot involves the romantic involvements of Tommy's sister Hetty, first with a racketeer and then with a policeman 
The film is another example of British kitchen sink realism, but is mainly noted for its naturalistic depiction of slum life 

Plot
Initially, the film's story is told by Frank (Ronald Howard) a local plainclothes policeman in love with Hetty (Sylvia Syms), to a young tearaway Kenny (David Hemmings) 
In the slums of London before World War II, Tommy (Melvyn Hayes) is an aimless teenager who tries to escape his squalid surroundings by entering a life of crime  He falls in with local racketeer Wilkie (Herbert Lom), who holds the rest of the slum citizens - including Tommy's own family - in a grip of fear 
For a brief period, Hetty (Tommy's older sister) becomes Wilkie's girlfriend until he humiliates her in front of the other slum citizens simply to show his power over them, after which she will have nothing to do with Wilkie despite him repeatedly asking her to come back to him 
The film chronicles Tommy's sordid progression from minor thefts to murder At the end of the film, Hetty and Frank are seen to be married and living in a new council flat long after the slums have been demolished 

Cast
Sylvia Syms as Hetty
Herbert Lom as Wilkie
Melvyn Hayes as Tommy
Ronald Howard as Frank
Stanley Holloway as Kipper
Joan Miller as Jess
Liam Redmond as Bill
David Hemmings as Kenny
Carole Lesley as Lova
Lily Kann as Mrs Jacobson
Lloyd Lamble as Superintendent
Campbell Singer as Inspector
Marianne Stone as Mrs  Jokel
Rita Webb as Mrs  Brown
Lana Morris as Marje

Production
Ted Willis based his script on his 1948 play of the same name Willis and J  Lee Thompson and Sylvia Syms had previously collaborated together on Woman in a Dressing Gown and Ice Cold in Alex Filming began 10 March 1958  The film was revised after previews, with new scenes added at the opening, and at the end showing the detective married the sister 

Critical reception
TV Guide wrote "NO TREES suffers from artificiality of plot and dialog  Characterizations are reduced to mere stereotypes   There are some notable exceptions within the drama, however  Syms is surprisingly moving, giving a sensitive performance despite the film's constraints  Holloway's characterization of a bookie's tout is comical and charming   The camerawork attempts a realistic documentary look, which manages to succeed in capturing the details of slum life that make the setting seem surprisingly naturalistic  The finer points of the film, however, are overshadowed by its faults "Time Out wrote "released at a time when kitchen sink drama was all the rage, this is an unremarkable 'we had it tough' chronicle from another age "Variety wrote "Ted Willis is a writer with a sympathetic eye for problems of the middle and lower classes   Syms gives a moving performance as the gentle girl who refuses to marry the cheap racketeer just to escape  Lom, as the opportunist who dominates the street, is sufficiently suave and unpleasant "
Passage 2:
True to the Navy
True to the Navy is a 1930 romantic comedy film directed by Frank Tuttle for Paramount Pictures  The film stars Clara Bow as a counter girl at a San Diego drugstore with a predilection for sailors  Eventually she sets her sights on Bull's Eye McCoy (Fredric March), a stiff-necked gunner's mate 

Cast
Clara Bow as Ruby Nolan
Fredric March as "Bull's-Eye" McCoy
Harry Green as Solomon Bimberg
Sam Hardy as Brady
Rex Bell as Eddie
Ray Cooke as Peewee
Eddie Fetherston as Michael
Eddie Dunn as Albert
Adele Windsor as Maizie
Harry Sweet as Artie

Critical reception
Allmovie wrote, "the spectacle of distinguished actor Frederic March in sailor togs, chewing gum and dispensing sez-you dialogue, is worth the admission price in itself" ; while The New York Times noted, "it is a moderately deserting Summer-weather film, which succeeded in eliciting a good deal of laughter at its showing yesterday "
Passage 3:
Abhishek Saxena
Abhishek Saxena is an Indian Bollywood and Punjabi film director who directed the movie Phullu  The Phullu movie was released in theaters on 16 June 2017, in which film Sharib Hashmi is the lead role  Apart from these, he has also directed Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi film  This film was screened in cinemas in 2014 

Life and background
Abhishek Saxena was born on 19 September 1988 in the capital of India, Delhi, whose father's name is Mukesh Kumar Saxena  Abhishek Saxena married Ambica Sharma Saxena on 18 December 2014  His mother's name is Gurpreet Kaur Saxena 
Saxena started his career with a Punjabi film Patiala Dreamz, after which he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu, which has appeared in Indian cinemas on 16 June 2017 

Career
Abhishek Saxena made his film debut in 2011 as an assistant director on Doordarshan with Ashok Gaikwad  He made his first directed film Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi movie After this, he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu in 2017, which has been screened in cinemas on 16 June 2017  Saxena is now making his upcoming movie "India Gate" 
In 2018 Abhishek Saxena has come up with topic of body-shaming in his upcoming movie Saroj ka Rishta 
 Where Sanah Kapoor will play the role of Saroj and actors Randeep Rai and Gaurav Pandey will play the two men in Saroj's life Yeh Un Dinon ki Baat Hai lead Randeep Rai will make his Bollywood debut  Talking about the film, director Abhishek Saxena told Mumbai Mirror, "As a fat person, I have noticed that body-shaming doesn’t happen only with those who are on the heavier side, but also with thin people  The idea germinated from there "
Career as an Assistant DirectorApart from this, he has played the role of assistant director in many films and serials in the beginning of his career, in which he has a television serial in 2011, Doordarshan, as well as in 2011, he also assisted in a serial of Star Plus 
In addition to these serials, he played the role of assistant director in the movie "Girgit" which was made in Telugu language 

Filmography
As Director
Passage 4:
Frank Tuttle
Frank Wright Tuttle (August 6, 1892 – January 6, 1963) was a Hollywood film director and writer who directed films from 1922 (The Cradle Buster) to 1959 (Island of Lost Women) 

Biography
Frank Tuttle was educated at Yale University, where he edited campus humor magazine The Yale Record After graduation, he worked in New York City in the advertising department of the Metropolitan Music Bureau  He later moved to Hollywood, where he became a film director for Paramount  His films are largely in the comedy and film noir genres In 1947, his career ground to a temporary halt with the onset of the first of the House Un-American Activities Committee hearings on Communist infiltration of the movie industry  Tuttle had joined the American Communist Party in 1937 in reaction to Hitler's rise to power  Unable to find work in the United States, he moved to France, where he made Gunman in the Streets (1950) starring Simone Signoret and Dane Clark  In 1951, after a decade as a member of the Communist Party, Tuttle gave 36 names to the HUAC 

Death
Tuttle died in Hollywood, California, on January 6, 1963, aged 70  He was survived by his three daughters 

Selected filmography
The Cradle Buster (1922)
Puritan Passions (1923) starring Mary Astor
Second Fiddle (1923) starring Mary Astor
Youthful Cheaters (1923)
Grit (1924)
Dangerous Money (1924)
The Manicure Girl (1925)
The Lucky Devil (1925)
Lovers in Quarantine (1925) starring Bebe Daniels and the other Harrison Ford
Kid Boots (1926) starring Eddie Cantor and Clara Bow
Love 'Em and Leave 'Em (1926) starring Evelyn Brent and Louise Brooks
The American Venus (1926) with Douglas Fairbanks, Jr 
The Untamed Lady (1926) starring Gloria Swanson
Blind Alleys (1927) starring Evelyn Brent and Thomas Meighan
Time to Love (1927)
One Woman to Another (1927)
Something Always Happens (1928)
Varsity (1928) starring Charles "Buddy" Rogers and Mary Brian
The Canary Murder Case (additional sound footage; 1929) starring William Powell as Philo Vance
The Green Murder Case starring William Powell as Philo Vance
Sweetie (1929) starring Nancy Carroll
Paramount on Parade (1930), Paramount's all-star revue with a screenplay by Joseph L  Mankiewicz
The Benson Murder Case (1930) starring William Powell as Philo Vance
True to the Navy (1930) starring Clara Bow and Fredric March
It Pays to Advertise (1931) starring Carole Lombard
No Limit (1931) starring Clara Bow and Thelma Todd
This Reckless Age starring Charles "Buddy" Rogers
The Big Broadcast (1932) starring Bing Crosby
This Is the Night (1932) with Cary Grant
Roman Scandals (1933) starring Eddie Cantor
Springtime for Henry (1934) starring Otto Kruger and Nigel Bruce
Here is My Heart (1934) starring Bing Crosby
Ladies Should Listen (1934) starring Cary Grant
Two for Tonight (1935) starring Bing Crosby
The Glass Key (1935), film adaptation of Dashiell Hammett's novel of the same name
All the King's Horses (1935) starring Carl Brisson
College Holiday (1936) starring Jack Benny, George Burns and Gracie Allen
Waikiki Wedding (1937) starring Bing Crosby
Doctor Rhythm (1938) starring Bing Crosby
Paris Honeymoon (1939) starring Bing Crosby
I Stole a Million (1939) starring George Raft and written by Nathanael West
Charlie McCarthy, Detective (1939) starring Edgar Bergen
Lucky Jordan (1942) starring Sheldon Leonard and Alan Ladd
This Gun for Hire (1942) starring Veronica Lake and Alan Ladd
Star Spangled Rhythm (contributing director; 1943) with sketches by George S  Kaufman
The Hour Before the Dawn (1944) starring Veronica Lake and based on the novel by W  Somerset Maugham
Don Juan Quilligan (1945) starring Phil Silvers
The Great John L  (1945) starring Linda Darnell
Suspense (1946) starring Barry Sullivan and Belita
Swell Guy (1946) starring Sonny Tufts
Gunman in the Streets (1950) starring Simone Signoret
The Magic Face (1951) starring Luther Adler
Hell on Frisco Bay (1956) starring Alan Ladd and Edward G  Robinson
A Cry in the Night (1956) starring Edmond O'Brien, Natalie Wood and Raymond Burr
Island of Lost Women (1959) starring Jeff Richards and produced by Alan Ladd
Passage 5:
True to Life
True to Life may refer to:

True to Life (Ray Charles album), 1977
True to Life (film), a 1943 film directed by George Marshall
"True to Life", a song by Roxy Music on the 1982 album Avalon
True to Life (Lisette Melendez album), 1994
Passage 6:
Sylvia Syms
Sylvia May Laura Syms  (6 January 1934 – 27 January 2023) was an English stage and screen actress  Her best-known film roles include My Teenage Daughter (1956), Woman in a Dressing Gown (1957), for which she was nominated for a BAFTA Award, Ice Cold in Alex (1958), No Trees in the Street (1959), Victim (1961), and The Tamarind Seed (1974) 
Known as the "Grand Dame of British Cinema", Syms was a major player in films from the mid-1950s until mid-1960s, usually in stiff-upper-lip English pictures, as opposed to kitchen sink realism dramas, before becoming more of a supporting actress in both film and television roles  On television, she was known for her recurring role as dressmaker Olive Woodhouse on the BBC soap opera EastEnders  She was also a notable theatre player Syms portrayed Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in the 2006 biopic The Queen 

Early life and education
Syms was born in Woolwich, London, England, in 1934, the daughter of Daisy (née Hale) and Edwin Syms, a trade unionist and civil servant  With the outbreak of World War II, Syms was evacuated to Kent and subsequently Monmouthshire  She grew up in Well Hall, Eltham When Syms was 12, her mother committed suicide  At 16, she suffered a nervous breakdown and contemplated taking her own life until an intervention from her stepmother  Syms was educated at convent schools before deciding to become an actress and attending The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, graduating in 1954  She later served on RADA's council  
Syms's career began in repertory theatre in Eastbourne and Bath  She made her West End debut in The Apple Cart with Noël Coward 

Film career
Syms appeared in a TV play The Romantic Young Lady  This led to two offers, one to make a film for Herbert Wilcox, My Teenage Daughter, another to sign a long term contract with Associated British  She accepted both  In My Teenage Daughter (1956), Syms played Anna Neagle's troubled daughter  The film was successful at the British box office For Associated British she made No Time for Tears then appeared in The Birthday Present  Syms had the third lead in Woman in a Dressing Gown for director J  Lee Thompson which was very popular  She then made the English Civil War film, The Moonraker and the war film Ice Cold in Alex, also directed by Thompson  In early 1958 she made a third film for Thompson, No Trees in the Street   She announced she would make her first screen comedy The Light Blue  This became Bachelor of Hearts  In March 1959 she was voted Variety Club's Film Actress of 1958 In 1959, Syms appeared in the film Expresso Bongo as Maisie King, opposite Cliff Richard  She played opposite Dirk Bogarde in the 1961 film Victim, as the wife of a barrister who is a closet homosexual  The film is thought to have broadened the debate that led to the decriminalisation of homosexual acts in private in the United Kingdom Syms made Ferry to Hong Kong, The World of Suzie Wong and Conspiracy of Hearts 
Syms travelled to Ireland to play opposite Patrick McGoohan as the wife of a condemned man in The Quare Fellow  
She played Tony Hancock's wife in The Punch and Judy Man  The film also featured her nephew, Nick Webb  In 1963 she ended her contract with Associated British which by then guaranteed her £10,000 a year but which she felt was too restrictive  She appeared in East of Sudan  In 1965 she appeared on stage in Dual Marriageway 

Later career
Other comedies followed, such as The Big Job (1965) with Sid James and Bat Out of Hell (1967), but it was for drama that she won acclaim, including The Tamarind Seed (1974) with Julie Andrews and Omar Sharif, for which she was nominated for a British Film Academy award  
Syms featured in the husband-and-wife TV comedy My Good Woman from 1972 to 1974 and on the weekly BBC programme Movie Quiz as one of two team captains 
In 1975, Syms headed the jury at the 25th Berlin International Film Festival In 1989, Syms guest-starred in the Doctor Who story Ghost Light  Shortly after the end of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's term in office in 1990, Syms portrayed her in Thatcher: The Final Days (1991), a Granada television film for ITV, which dramatises the events surrounding Thatcher's removal from power, a role she recreated for the stage  From 2000 to 2003, she played Marion Riley in the ITV comedy-drama At Home with the Braithwaites  She also featured in the serial The Jury (2002) and in the same year contributed Sonnet 142 to the compilation album When Love Speaks For Stephen Frears's biopic The Queen (2006), Syms was cast as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother  She also appeared in The Poseidon Adventure (2005), an American TV film that was a loose remake of the 1972 feature film  Syms also took up producing and directing 
In 2009, Syms appeared in the film Is Anybody There? alongside Michael Caine and Anne-Marie Duff 
In 2009, she featured in the ITV drama series Collision  In 2010, she guest-starred as a patient in BBC One's drama series Casualty, having played a different character in an episode in 2007  Syms also appeared as another character in Casualty's sister series Holby City in 2003  From 2007 to 2010, she had a recurring role in BBC One's EastEnders, playing dressmaker Olive Woodhouse  In 2010, Syms took part in the BBC's The Young Ones, a series in which six celebrities in their seventies and eighties attempt to overcome some of the problems of ageing by harking back to the 1970s  From 2013 to 2019, Syms was the narrator of Talking Pictures, which aired on BBC Two



ground_truth: Sandflow

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film came out earlier, Indradhanura Chhai or The Death Of Black King?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Synopsis
The film looks at the lives of three women living in Bhubaneshwar  Vijaya's husband died a few days after their wedding and she is trying to cope with her feelings for a kind, local teacher  Her friend, Sonia, is caught between modernity and traditional notions of female virtue while Aunt Nila has difficulty in facing up to getting old 

Cast
Robin Das as Pratap
Vijayani Mishra as  Vijaya
Sonia Mohapatra  as Sonia
Surya Mohanty as Sales Representative
Deba Das as Deb
Muktabala Rautray as Widow
Anjana Chowdhury

Crew
Susant Misra - Director
Susant Misra - Story & Screenplay
Jugala Debata -   Producer
Chakradhar Sahu - Editor
Devdas Chhotray - Dialogue
Jugala Debata - Director of Photography
Vikash Das - Music
Asim Basu - Art Director
Himanshu Shekhar Khatur - Sound

Music
Vikash Das has arranged music for this film

Review
Susant Mishra's Indradhanura Chhai (Shadows of the Rainbow ) shows how urbanization and the consequent rise of modern consumerism have affected the traditional social and family structures in Bhubaneswar  Against the backdrop of this changing cityscape, Indradhanura Chhai explores the multidimensional conflicts of its characters, their changing perceptions about human nature and personal relationships  With hypnotic visual rhythms, Susant Mishra shows the lives of three women living in the modernizing town of Bhubaneswar, its skyline dominated by magnificent temple architecture 

Awards & participation
Sochi International Film Festival, Russia( 1995) -Grand Prix for the Best Feature Film
National Film Awards, India(1994) -Special Jury award
Cannes Film Festival, (1995) - Official Selection in Un Certain Regard
Orissa State Film Awards, (1994) - Best Direction, Best Dialogues & Screenplay, Best Supporting Actress and Special Jury Award
Cairo International Film Festival
Rotterdam International Film Festival
Moscow International Film Festival
International Film Festival for Nouveau Cinema, Montreal
Festival at Institute Lumiere, Paris
Screened as the Closing Film of the Indomania "100 Years of Indian Cinema" Celebration in Paris
1st Bhubaneswar Film Festival
Passage 4:
The Death of the West (disambiguation)
The Death of the West is a 2001 book by paleoconservative commentator Patrick J  Buchanan 
The Death of the West may also refer to:

Death of the West (album), a 2002 Babylon Whores album
The Death of the West (album), a 1994 Sol Invictus album
Passage 5:
Kayra
Kayra or Kaira (Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰖𐰺𐰀) is the creator god in Turkic mythology  He is the god who planted the tree of life called Ulukayın  Kayra is described as both father and mother, and resides in the 17th layer of heaven He is the supreme god of the pantheon and the son of sky deity named Tengri  This son, Kara Han (the black king or ruler of the land – Kara may mean land, earth, black or in a sense strong, powerful), left his father's home in the heaven and went to live in the underworld  On occasion, identified as Kara-Khan (black king), he was the primordial god and his father was the ancordial god called Tengri 

Etymology
The name of this deity is found in several forms, as is that of his opponent  "Kayra-Khan" may be translated as "merciful king", while the form "Kara Han" signifies "black king"  For this reason, authority on Turkic Mythology Deniz Karakurt, considers Kara-Han and Kayra-Han to be two different deities  Furthermore, the Turkish word kara can mean both black and land, with the result that Kara Han can mean not only 'Black (Dark) Ruler' but also 'Ruler of the Land' 

God of Creation
In ancient Turkic  belief known as Altai myth of creation, Tangri (God) Kara Han is neither male nor female nor even human in form, but a pure-white goose that flies constantly over an endless expanse of water (time), the benign creator of all that is, including the other, lesser gods  Among all Altai people the dualistic division is most clear (Ulgen and Erlik), and the highest god, Tengre Kaira Khan, is a good power  But before Ak Ana appears to urge it to create, Kara-han becomes anxious, creation occurring in a context of loneliness, turmoil and fear: the water becomes turbulent, but it reassures itself that it "need not fear" (the implication of such self-reassurance being that it is indeed afraid)  Supreme being in the universe it created, Kara-han is the ruler of the three realms of air, water and land, seated on the seventeenth level of the universe, from which it determines the fate of its creation  After creating the universe it planted the nine-boughed tree of life, from the branches of which came the ancestors of humans  Thus emerged the nine races (nine clans) 
It has three sons: Ulgan, Mergen and Kyzaghan 
A Tuvinian / Soyoth legend, told as follows: The giant turtle which supported the earth moved, which caused the cosmic ocean to begin flooding the earth  An old man who had guessed something like this would happen, built a raft  Boarded it with his family, and he was saved  When the waters receded, the raft was left on a high wooded mountain, where, it is said, it remains today  After the flood Kaira-Khan created everything around the world  Among other things, he taught people how to make Araq (some kind of liquor) 

See also
Bai-Ulgan
Turul
Passage 6:
Black King
Black King may refer to:

The black king (chess)
A black king (playing card), either the King of Spades or the King of Clubs
Black King (comics), a number of comics characters
Black King, a character in Syphon Filter: Dark Mirror
Black King (Ultra monster), a kaiju from Return of Ultraman
Lampropeltis getula, the Black King Snake
The Black King (film), a 1932 race film starring A B  DeComathiere
Dub, King of Scotland, King of Alba, occasionally referred to as The Black King

See also
Black Is King, a 2020 film and visual album by Beyoncé
Passage 7:
The Death of Black King
The Death of Black King (Czech: Smrt černého krále) is a 1971 Czechoslovak film  The film starred Vlastimil Brodský, Jaroslav Marvan, Josef Vinklář, Josef Kemr, Stanislav Fišer, etc 
Passage 8:
The Death of Nelson
The Death of Nelson may refer to any of the following paintings depicting the death of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson:

The Death of Nelson (West painting), an 1806 work by Benjamin West
The Death of Nelson, 21 October 1805, an 1807 work by Arthur William Devis
The Death of Nelson (Maclise painting), an 1859–64 work by Daniel Maclise
Passage 9:
The Death of Tragedy
The Death of Tragedy may refer to:

The Death of Tragedy (Abney Park album) (2005)
The Death of Tragedy (Tragedy Khadafi album) (2007)
The Death of Tragedy, a 1961 work of literary criticism by George Steiner
Context 3: Syms had numerous theatre roles, including in productions of Much Ado About Nothing, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and Antony and Cleopatra 

Personal life and death
From 9 June 1956 to 1989, Syms was married to Alan Edney, whom she had dated since she was a teenager  In 1961 they lost a baby daughter, Jessica  Later that year Syms and her husband adopted a son, Benjamin Mark  In October 1962 she gave birth to a daughter, Beatie Edney who is also an actress  Syms and her husband divorced in 1989 when she discovered he had a mistress for several years and that they shared a two year old daughter She was the aunt of musicians Nick and Alex Webb 
Syms was a longtime supporter of the Stars Foundation for Cerebral Palsy, serving on its board as an officer for 16 years until 2020, with singer Vera Lynn In the last year of her life, Syms lived at Denville Hall, a retirement home for actors in London  She died there on 27 January 2023, three weeks after her 89th birthday 

Legacy
In the words of Filmink magazine:

I don’t think any actress in English speaking cinema of this era had such a variety of love interests as Sylvia Syms  It helped that she was beautiful, of course     that she could act: it’s hard to think of a bad Sylvia Syms performance – sometimes she was miscast, but never bad  She always brought a level of intelligence to her roles along with a sense of fun  And she was highly adept playing “smouldering hot lava of emotion and sensuality under an outwardly straight-laced and sensible facade” that made her – and this is meant with nothing but the greatest respect to the recently departed – sexy as hell "

Filmography
Source:

Film
Television
Theatre
1953 The Apple Cart - with Noël Coward
1966 Peter Pan
1984 The Vortex
1985 Entertaining Mr Sloane - with Adam Ant
1988 Better in My Dreams - director
1991 Anthony and Cleopatra
1991 The Price - director
1992 The House of the Stairs
1993 For Services Rendered
Passage 7:
G  Marthandan
G  Marthandan is an Indian film director who works in Malayalam cinema  His debut film is Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus

Early life
G  Marthandan was born to M  S  Gopalan Nair and P  Kamalamma at Changanassery in Kottayam district of Kerala  He did his schooling at NSS Boys School Changanassery and completed his bachelor's degree in Economics at NSS Hindu College, Changanassery 

Career
After completing his bachelor's degree, Marthandan entered films as an associate director with the unreleased film Swarnachamaram directed by Rajeevnath in 1995  His next work was British Market, directed by Nissar in 1998  He worked as an associate director for 18 years He made his directional debut with Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus in 2013, starring Mammooty in the lead role  His next movie was in 2015, Acha Dhin, with Mammooty and Mansi Sharma in the lead roles  Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus and Paavada were box office successes 

Filmography
As director
As associate director
As actor
TV serialKanyadanam (Malayalam TV series) - pilot episode

Awards
Ramu Kariat Film Award - Paavada (2016)
JCI Foundation Award - Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus (2013)
Passage 8:
Ben Palmer
Ben Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director 
His television credits include the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta! (2002–2006), the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009–2010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020)  Palmer has also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and the romantic comedy Man Up (2015) 

Biography
Palmer was born and raised in Penny Bridge, Barrow-in-Furness  He attended Chetwynde School His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta!, which he co-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis  Palmer directed the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010, respectively 

Filmography
Bo' Selecta! (2002–06)
Comedy Lab (2004–2010)
Bo! in the USA (2006)
The Inbetweeners (2009–2010)
The Inbetweeners Movie (2011)
Comedy Showcase (2012)
Milton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)
Them from That Thing (2012)
Bad Sugar (2012)
Chickens (2013)
London Irish (2013)
Man Up (2015)
SunTrap (2015)
BBC Comedy Feeds (2016)
Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)
Back (2017)
Comedy Playhouse (2017)
Urban Myths (2017–19)
Click & Collect (2018)
Semi-Detached (2019)
Breeders (2020)
Passage 9:
SA Navy
SA Navy or S A  Navy may refer to:

Royal Saudi Navy
South African Navy
Passage 10:
J  Lee Thompson
John Lee Thompson (1 August 1914 – 30 August 2002) was a British film director, active in London and Hollywood, best known for award-winning films such as Woman in a Dressing Gown, Ice Cold in Alex and The Guns of Navarone along with cult classics like Cape Fear, Conquest of the Planet of the Apes and The White Buffalo 

Early life
Thompson was born in Bristol on 1 August 1914  His family had links to the theatre  Thompson studied at Dover College then went to work in the theatre, joining the Nottingham Repertory Company as an actor and stagehand  He later went to work for a repertory company in Croydon, Surrey He wrote plays in his spare time, and had started when he was nine  One of them, Murder Happens? was performed at Croydon in 1934  His second staged play, Double Error, had a brief West End run at the Fortune Theatre in 1935  An article from this time about the play said he had written 40 plays already, including four in between his first two staged plays  A company worth £10,000 was formed to exploit Thompson's writings over the next seven years but this appears to have not had a long life Thompson later said he had written a part for himself to perform, but when management asked him if he wanted to do so he said "of course not," and "the die was cast  Later I decided if I didn't have the guts to admit I wanted to play the role I should never act again and I never did "

Screenwriter
The film rights to Double Error were purchased for £100  Thompson was hired to work in the scriptwriting department at British International Pictures at Elstree Studios  While there he made his one appearance as an actor in films, playing a small role in Midshipman Easy (1935) 
His first credit was The Price of Folly (1937), based on his play  He also worked on the scripts for Glamorous Night (1937), and he worked as dialogue coach on Jamaica Inn (1939), directed by Alfred Hitchcock 
He wrote the scripts for The Middle Watch (1940), made at Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC) and East of Piccadilly (1941) 

World War II
Thompson served in World War II as a tailgunner and wireless operator in the RAF  In 1942 a revised version of Double Error, titled Murder Without Crime, opened at the Comedy Theatre in London  The play had a run on Broadway in 1943 

Post War
After the war Thompson returned to his work as scriptwriter under contract at Associated British on such films as No Place for Jennifer (1949) and For Them That Trespass (1949), the latter starring Richard Todd in his debut 
Thompson was dialogue director on The Hasty Heart (1949), which turned Todd into a star  He later said he gave up dialogue directing because he found the job "impossible  My job was to take stars through their lines but I felt that I was also expected to be a spy for the front office  If a word was altered they wanted to know why  It was a way of keeping control "The same year his play The Human Touch, co written with Dudley Leslie, ran for more than a hundred performances at the Savoy Theatre in a production starring Alec Guinness 

British film director
Early films
His first film as a director was Murder Without Crime (1950), made at ABPC, who put Thompson under contract   Thompson was offered £500 for the screen rights to the play and £500 to direct  He said "it was not so much that I wanted to direct movies it was to get the money so I could continue writing plays  But while directing it I got the feeling that I wanted to be a movie director "Thompson said "the fact is I found directing to be much easier than writing and I enjoyed it much more than writing as well  So I became a film director "The film was about a man who thinks he has committed murder  Thompson also wrote the screenplay, based on his own play Double Error  In the words of Thompson's Screenonline profile "this well structured film went largely unnoticed but contained many of the themes which were to characterise Lee Thompson's work: a good person's struggle with their conscience, an external force of evil, and an out-of-character moment of violence which has long-term consequences  Believing people can "commit crimes without being criminals", he sought to make his audiences condone or at least understand behaviour that they would normally condemn "Thompson's first film success was one he directed and co-wrote (with Anne Burnaby), The Yellow Balloon (1953), the story of a child who is blackmailed into helping a criminal after accidentally causing his friend's death 
He followed it with a comedy, For Better, For Worse (1954) starring Dirk Bogarde, which was even more popular though it is little remembered today 

Social Realist films
Thompson's fourth film as director The Weak and the Wicked (1954), portrays the lives of women in prison and is based on memoirs by Joan Henry, who became Thompson's second wife  Thompson wrote the script, again in collaboration with Anne Burnaby  It starred Glynis Johns and Diana Dors and was a hit at the box office  The success of the film greatly added to Thompson's prestige and he began to be regarded as one of the leading directors in the country Thompson was loaned to Rank Films to direct a Jack Buchanan comedy, As Long as They're Happy (1955), co-starring Dors and An Alligator Named Daisy (1955), also starring Dors, along with Donald Sinden  He returned to ABPC and the theme of female prisoners in Yield to the Night (1956), an anti-capital punishment tale with Diana Dors as the condemned prisoner 
Thompson later said the "pattern" of his ABPC films was "two pieces of tepid rubbish for one decent project - if I could persuade Robert Clark, who was head of production  He used to wring his hands when I insisted  'Okay,' he'd finally say  'Do it if you must  But it won't make money ' I admired him for that really  He did give you a bit of a chance "The Good Companions (1957) was lighter fare, based on a book by J  B  Priestley  According to one obituary Thompson "made excellent use of the CinemaScope screen, assembled a fine supporting cast and, with zestful choreography    came up with one of the few successes in a genre for which the British cinema was not noted "Woman in a Dressing Gown (1957), with Yvonne Mitchell, Anthony Quayle and Sylvia Syms and written by Ted Willis, deals with the collapse of a 20-year marriage 

Action director
Thompson had a big success with Ice Cold in Alex (1958), the story of a British Army unit trekking across North Africa in the Second World War  It featured John Mills, Sylvia Syms, Anthony Quayle and Harry Andrews  It won three BAFTA Awards, including Best British Film  He followed it with North West Frontier (1959), an adventure film set in British India starring Kenneth More and Lauren Bacall  It was one of the most popular films in Britain in 1959 No Trees in the Street (1959) was a thriller written by Willis  Also in that genre was Tiger Bay (1959), starring John Mills  It introduced cinema audiences to Mills' daughter Hayley and German actor Horst Buchholz   Hayley Mills also earned a BAFTA for Most Promising Newcomer portraying a 12-year-old girl who refuses to betray a sailor accused of murder 
Thompson followed this with I Aim at the Stars (1960) 

Hollywood career
Guns of Navarone and Cape Fear
Thompson vaulted to international fame with The Guns of Navarone (1961) as a last-minute replacement for director Alexander Mackendrick  His take-charge attitude during its production earned him the nickname 'Mighty Mouse' from lead actor Gregory Peck  Co-star Anthony Quinn said Thompson:

Never read a scene until he had to shoot it and approached each shot on a whim  And yet the cumulative effect was astonishing  Lee Thompson made a marvelous picture but how? Perhaps his inventiveness lay in defying convention, in rejecting the accepted methods of motion picture making and establishing his own  Perhaps it was in his very formlessness that he found the one form he could sustain, and nurture, the one form that could, in turn, sustain and nurture him  Perhaps he was just a lucky Englishman who pulled a good picture out of his ass 
The Guns of Navarone, a World War II epic filmed on location in Rhodes, Greece, was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Thompson for Best Director  In 1961 he said "primarily I am in the business to entertain  This does not mean that I never want to try artistic movies again  But I do not think you can sell art on the big movie circuits  Art belongs in the art houses " Later he said "I liked the character bits best" about Navarone  "Anyone can make an explosion "The success of Navarone won him entry into Hollywood, where he directed Cape Fear (1962), a psychological thriller with Gregory Peck, Robert Mitchum, Polly Bergen and Lori Martin; Peck and Mitchum co-producing the film  Based on a novel called The Executioners by John D  MacDonald, Cape Fear shows how a sex offender can manipulate the justice system and terrorise an entire family  Highly controversial for its time, the film was cut heavily in both the United States and the United Kingdom 
He worked on a project with Warren Beatty and Clifford Odets based on an idea of Beatty's



ground_truth: The Death Of Black King

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died later, True To The Navy or No Trees In The Street?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  It was never made  Neither was The Short Cut which he discussed doing with Darryl F  Zanuck, or The Living Room from a novel by Graham Greene or Chips with Everything by Arnold Wesker 

Mirisch Brothers
Thompson directed Yul Brynner in the Cossack epic Taras Bulba (1962) for producer Harold Hecht  Thompson was going to follow it with Big Charlie starring Brynner but the movie was not made  In 1962 the Mirisch Brothers signed the director to a four-picture contract  The first film made under this contract was the Mayan Indian epic Kings of the Sun (1963), starring Brynner 
In September 1962 Thompson said he would make I Love Louisa with Elizabeth Taylor produced by Arthur Jacobs  (This film became What a Way to Go!(1964) with Shirley MacLaine ) He would put actors under personal contract like Talitha Pol In September 1963 Thompson announced he had formed a company, Bowhall Productions, to make around four films a year in the $120,000-$160,000 budget range  Thompson said it was "unlikely" the films would "make a profit" but they were movies he "deeply wanted to make"  They included Chips with Everything, Rose without a Thorn by Clifford Bax, and a film in Spain  Following Return from the Ashes he would also make a $7 million movie in Africa Thunder of Giants Instead he did another with MacLaine, John Goldfarb, Please Come Home (1965)  Back in England Thompson made Return from the Ashes (1965) for the Mirisch Brothers  In April 1965 Thompson announced he would make High Citadel based on a novel by Desmond Bagley for the Mirisch Brothers  These plans were postponed when Thompson received an offer to replace Michael Anderson, who had fallen ill before he was to start directing a thriller about cults with David Niven, Eye of the Devil (1967) (originally titled 13)  High Citadel was never filmed  Another film announced but never filmed was The Case Against Colonel Sutton which he was going to do with producer Martin Poll  Neither was a proposed musical remake of The Private Lives of Henry VIII After a war film, Before Winter Comes (1968) Thompson was reunited with the star, producer and writer of Navarone in the Western Mackenna's Gold (1969) but it did poorly at the box office  So too did the espionage tale The Chairman (1969) with Gregory Peck  He was meant to follow that with You?, about assassination from a script by Andrew Sinclair  It was never filmed  "I freely admit I've done some pretty bad stuff," he said in 1968  "It's entirely my own fault  The trouble was I accepted some dismal scripts   I wasn't tough enough    Writing is the fundamental thing " Some have argued that Thompson's creative decline coincided with the end of his relationship with Henry 

Apes Movies
Back in the UK he directed Country Dance, also known as Brotherly Love (1970)  Thompson's handling of a smaller scale film impressed producer Arthur Jacobs, with whom Thompson had made What a Way to Go; Thompson was the first director attached to the Jacobs production The Planet of the Apes and Thompson says he turned down the first two sequels  He was available to make the fourth and fifth movies in the series, Conquest of the Planet of the Apes and Battle for the Planet of the Apes  Writer Paul Dehn said Thompson had a reputation as someone with a drinking problem but that he had overcome it by the time of the Apes films "They were cutting back on the budgets the whole time after the first one", said Thompson later  "It was a bad policy "

Later career
US Television
Thompson began working more in US television, directing the television films A Great American Tragedy (1972), Huckleberry Finn (1974) starring Jeff East and Paul Winfield, The Reincarnation of Peter Proud (1974) and Widow (1976) as well as the pilot episode of The Blue Knight (1975) 
He returned to playwriting with Getting Away with Murder (1976) 

Charles Bronson
In 1976, Thompson began a long collaboration with actor Charles Bronson on the Warner Bros  crime story St  Ives   John Crowther, who worked with both men, later said "Thompson was the total antithesis of Charlie and they got along famously  They really worked well together ”In 1977, Bronson and Thompson teamed again on an unconventional western film called The White Buffalo Thompson directed two films starring Anthony Quinn, The Greek Tycoon and The Passage  Reviewing the latter The Guardian called Thompson a director who "should know better but often doesn't"  The Globe and Mail argued Thompson was "possibly the worst experienced director working in the world today "Thompson directed the horror film, Happy Birthday to Me in 1980 
In 1981 Thompson and Bronson made the film Caboblanco, which opened on Los Angeles on 24 April  Also that year he directed an episode of the TV show Code Red, and which he followed with another Bronson movie, 10 to Midnight Thompson worked with Bronson again on, The Evil That Men Do (1984), which was shot in Mexico   Thompson was hired to replace original director Fielder Cook, who was fired shortly before filming began  Producer Pancho Okhenr said Thompson "knew exactly what shots he needed to put together the film     [Bronson] had a lot of respect for Lee  The whole crew appreciated when the director did not make them work over and over to get the same shot from different angles    He was just a terrific filmmaker ”Also released that year was The Ambassador, starring Robert Mitchum 
On 22 November 1985, King Solomon's Mines premiered  Thompson made this film as an Indiana Jones-style pastiche  It was shot in Zimbabwe and starred Richard Chamberlain  The film was reasonably successful at the box office 
On 18 April 1986, Murphy's Law, the Thompson and Bronson collaboration of that year, started its theatrical run  It is a neo-noir thriller film  Acting in the film are Kathleen Wilhoite, Carrie Snodgress, Robert F  Lyons, and Richard Romanus  Thompson tried another Indiana Jones-type tale with Firewalker, which premiered on 21 November  The film paired the actors Chuck Norris with Louis Gossett Jr  as its leads  The action adventure co-stars Will Sampson and Melody Anderson  Norris and Gossett play Max Donigan and Leo Porter, two soldiers of fortune, whose adventures rarely result in any notable gain  They are befriended by an inscrutable woman of mystery Patricia (Anderson)  Patricia's map leads them on a quest for treasure in Central America  The name of the movie comes from the powerful guardian of the treasure 
Now working exclusively for Cannon, Thompson made two more Charles Bronson thrillers  On 6 November 1987 Death Wish 4: The Crackdown was released and 16 September 1988 saw the opening of Messenger of Death  He later reflected, "I realized these films were not going to enhance my reputation  I had to live with that  You're not going to be offered the great films at a certain age "3 February 1989, Thompson's final directorial effort was released Kinjite: Forbidden Subjects starring Charles Bronson In 1990 Thompson moved to Sooke In 1992 Thompson said he was trying to finance a remake of Tiger Bay with Anna Chumsky and Alec Baldwin  The director said "I have certain regrets now  I would rather have stuck to making films like Yield to the Night which had some integrity and importance  But the British film industry caved in  I shouldn't denigrate myself too much because I have enjoyed making my films but I suppose I sort of sold out "

Personal life
Thompson was married three times  His first wife was Florence Bailey, whom he married in 1935 when he was 20  They had a son, Peter (1938–1997), who became a film editor on several of his father's films and predeceased him, and a daughter, Lesley, who survived him  They divorced in 1957 
His second wife was prisoner and author Joan Henry, whom he married in 1958  They collaborated on Weak and the Wicked and Yield to the Night  He left her for actress Susan Hampshire  In March 1962 Hedda Hopper reported that Thompson was "sweating it out" in Los Angeles while Henry and Hampshire were "awaiting his decision in London " Thompson confirmed this in an interview, and Hampshire and Henry were less forthcoming to the press In September, Hopper reported that it was over between Thompson and Hampshire  Henry and Thompson were divorced in the late 1960s In November 1962, Thompson said he had proposed to Shirley Ann Field whom he said accepted then changed her mind His third wife was Penny, who was his widow 

Death
Thompson died of congestive heart failure on 30 August 2002, at his holiday home in Sooke, British Columbia, aged 88 

Critical appraisal
The Guardian obituary called him "a compelling craftsman"  The Washington Post said "he directed adventure films noted for their punchy pacing, rich atmosphere and nuanced characterization " Variety said he was "Known as a craftsman who had a clear sense of how each film should play, scene by scene" The Independent said "he lent his acute sense of atmosphere and vivid visual style to a wide range of material  His intimate kitchen-sink melodramas    were unflinching portraits of social realism unusually stark for their time  His thrillers were tautly edited exercises in suspense, and he also made some engaging comedies and a bracing musical   Though his later films can most kindly be labelled potboilers, his body of work in the Fifties and early Sixties was an impressive one "In 2000 he stated that he made so many American films "because of my insecurity and effort to stay here  If I was given a script and it had something good in it I'd say, 'Good, I've got my next picture!' That is not the way to make good films, so some of them were good and some not so good     What an idiot! 'You should have stayed at what you really wanted to make ' If I have anything to say to young directors today it's don't make a film for the sake of making it  Make it only if you really believe in it  Then success will eventually come to you "

Awards
Nominated, Best Director Academy Award, The Guns of Navarone (1961)
Nominated, Best Director Directors Guild of America, The Guns of Navarone (1961)
Nominated, Best Director Golden Globe, The Guns of Navarone (1961)
Winner, Best Film Golden Globe, The Guns of Navarone (1961)
Nominated, Best Film BAFTA, Tiger Bay (1959)
Nominated, Best Film BAFTA, North West Frontier (1959)
Nominated, Golden Bear Berlin International Film Festival, Tiger Bay (1959)
Winner, FIPRESCI Prize Berlin International Film Festival, Ice Cold in Alex (1958)
Nominated, Golden Bear Berlin International Film Festival, Ice Cold in Alex (1958)
Winner, Special Mention Berlin International Film Festival, Woman in a Dressing Gown (1957)
Winner, FIPRESCI Prize Berlin International Film Festival, Woman in a Dressing Gown (1957)
Nominated, Golden Bear Berlin International Film Festival, Woman in a Dressing Gown (1957)
Nominated, Palme d'Or Cannes Film Festival, Yield to the Night (1956)

Selected filmography
Screenwriter
The Price of Folly (1937)
The Middle Watch (1940)
Last Holiday 1950 film: additional dialogue contributions to J B Priestley's Script 

Director
1950s
Murder Without Crime (1950)
The Yellow Balloon (1953)
For Better, for Worse (1954)
The Weak and the Wicked (1954)
As Long as They're Happy (1955)
An Alligator Named Daisy (1955)
Yield to the Night (1956)
The Good Companions (1957)
Woman in a Dressing Gown (1957)
Ice Cold in Alex (1958)
North West Frontier (1959)
No Trees in the Street (1959)
Tiger Bay (1959)

1960s
I Aim at the Stars (1960)
The Guns of Navarone (1961)
Cape Fear (1962)
Taras Bulba (1962)
Kings of the Sun (1963)
What a Way to Go! (1964)
John Goldfarb, Please Come Home (1965)
Return from the Ashes (1965)
Eye of the Devil (1967)
Mackenna's Gold (1969)
Before Winter Comes (1969)
The Chairman (1969)

1970s
Country Dance (1970)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972)
A Great American Tragedy (1972) (TV)
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)
Huckleberry Finn (1974)
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud (1975)
Widow (1976) (TV)
St  Ives (1976)
The White Buffalo (1977)
The Greek Tycoon (1978)
The Passage (1979)

1980s
Caboblanco (1980)
Happy Birthday to Me (1981)
10 to Midnight (1983)
The Evil That Men Do (1984)
The Ambassador (1984)
King Solomon's Mines (1985)
Murphy's Law (1986)
Firewalker (1986)
Death Wish 4: The Crackdown (1987)
Messenger of Death (1988)
Kinjite: Forbidden Subjects (1989)

Notes and references
External links
J  Lee Thompson at IMDb
J  Lee Thompson at the BFI's Screenonline



ground_truth: No Trees In The Street