prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film was released earlier, Moment Of Danger or The Ballad Of Josie?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
The Ballad of Uhlans
The Ballad of Uhlans (Уланская баллада) is a 2012 Russian historical adventure film directed by Oleg Fesenko, and stars Sergei Bezrukov, Anna Chipovskaya, Anton Sokolov and Vladimir Gostyukhin 
The Ballad of Uhlans was released on 1 November 2012 in Russia 

Plot
In 1812, on the eve of the decisive Battle of Borodino, a French secret agent steals a battle plan of the Russian troops  This fact is known to General Kutuzov, thanks to a young nobleman named Alexey Tarusov  Tarusov joins a regiment of Russian lancers, and finds new friends and together they have many adventures   

Cast
Sergei Bezrukov - (Go) Rzhevskiy
Anna Chipovskaya - Panna Beata
Anton Sokolov - Alexey Tarusov
Vladimir Gostyukhin - Turusov Sr 
Anatoliy Beliy - Knyaz Kiknadze
Stanislav Duzhkinov - Ptukha
Valery Nikolaev - De Vitt
Olga Kabo - Martha
Sergei Juravel - Mikhail Kutuzov
Boris Klyuyev - Arkacheev
Eric Fratichelli - Napoleon
Dimitri Isayev - Alexander I
Gedininas Adomaitis - Armand de Kolencour
Paweł Deląg - Ledokhovskiy
Alexei Makarov - Troitskiy
Egor Pazenko - Uvarov
Svetlana Metkina - Maria Valevskaya

Home Media
The Ballad of Uhlans was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in the Russian Federation in January 2013 

External links
Official website
The Ballad of Uhlans at IMDb
information in Kino-Teatr Ru
Passage 2:
The Ballad of Uhlans
The Ballad of Uhlans (Уланская баллада) is a 2012 Russian historical adventure film directed by Oleg Fesenko, and stars Sergei Bezrukov, Anna Chipovskaya, Anton Sokolov and Vladimir Gostyukhin 
The Ballad of Uhlans was released on 1 November 2012 in Russia 

Plot
In 1812, on the eve of the decisive Battle of Borodino, a French secret agent steals a battle plan of the Russian troops  This fact is known to General Kutuzov, thanks to a young nobleman named Alexey Tarusov  Tarusov joins a regiment of Russian lancers, and finds new friends and together they have many adventures   

Cast
Sergei Bezrukov - (Go) Rzhevskiy
Anna Chipovskaya - Panna Beata
Anton Sokolov - Alexey Tarusov
Vladimir Gostyukhin - Turusov Sr 
Anatoliy Beliy - Knyaz Kiknadze
Stanislav Duzhkinov - Ptukha
Valery Nikolaev - De Vitt
Olga Kabo - Martha
Sergei Juravel - Mikhail Kutuzov
Boris Klyuyev - Arkacheev
Eric Fratichelli - Napoleon
Dimitri Isayev - Alexander I
Gedininas Adomaitis - Armand de Kolencour
Paweł Deląg - Ledokhovskiy
Alexei Makarov - Troitskiy
Egor Pazenko - Uvarov
Svetlana Metkina - Maria Valevskaya

Home Media
The Ballad of Uhlans was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in the Russian Federation in January 2013 

External links
Official website
The Ballad of Uhlans at IMDb
information in Kino-Teatr Ru
Passage 3:
Moment of Truth
Moment of Truth or The Moment of Truth may refer to:

Music
Album
Moment of Truth (Gerald Wilson album), 1962
Moment of Truth (Terri Nunn album), 1991
Moment of Truth, a 2004 album by Da' T R U T H 
The Moment of Truth (compilation album), a 1999 album in The Emo Diaries series
Moment of Truth (ELO Part II album), 1994
Moment of Truth (Gang Starr album), 1998, or its title track
The Moment of Truth (The Real Milli Vanilli album), 1990
Moment of Truth (Suzy Bogguss album), 1990
Moment of Truth (Man with No Name album), 1996
Moment of Truth, a 2013 album by Glenn Lewis
Moment of Truth (Tinsley Ellis album), 2007
The Moment of Truth (Crow Mother album), 2017

Songs
"The Moment of Truth" (Survivor song), 1984, part of the soundtrack for The Karate Kid
"Moment of Truth", a 2004 song by Damageplan from New Found Power
"Moment of Truth", a 1971 song by Earth, Wind & Fire from Earth, Wind & Fire
"Moment of Truth", a 1993 song by Jeff Watson from Around the Sun
"Moment of Truth", a 2023 song by Lil Durk from Almost Healed
"Moment of Truth", a 2001 song by Timothy B  Schmit from Feed the Fire

Film and television
Moment of Truth (Canadian TV series), a Canadian serial drama television series which aired on CBC Television from 1964 to 1969
Moment of Truth (2021 TV series), an American true crime documentary about the unsolved murder of James R  Jordan Sr  in 1993 
The Moment of Truth (American game show), an American game show
The Moment of Truth (British game show), a British game show
Moment of Truth (film series), a series of made-for-television movies from the Lifetime cable channel
"The Moment of Truth" (Merlin), an episode of Merlin
The Moment of Truth (1952 film), a French film
The Moment of Truth (1965 film), an Italian film
In August of 1944, or The Moment of Truth, a 2001 Russian-Belarusian action film

Other
Moment of truth (marketing), when a customer interacts with a product that changes an impression about that particular product
The Moment of Truth (novel), a 2003 novel based on the Star Wars franchise
The Moment of Truth (play), a 1951 satire comedy drama play by Peter Ustinov

See also
Epiphany (disambiguation)
Passage 4:
The Ballad of Josie
The Ballad of Josie is a 1967 Technicolor American comedy Western film directed by Andrew V  McLaglen and starring Doris Day, Peter Graves, and George Kennedy  It humorously tackles 1960s themes of feminism in a traditional Western setting 
The film featured the last acting role for William Talman  It was filmed on two locations in Thousand Oaks, California: North Ranch and Wildwood Regional Park 

Plot
Josie (Doris Day) is a young woman living in (fictional) Arapahoe County, Wyoming  She accidentally kills her abusive alcoholic husband when she opens the bedroom door and knocks him backward down the stairs  She is put on trial for his death, but is acquitted  Her father-in-law gets custody of her young son (since he was better able to provide for his care) and takes him to Cheyenne to live while she tries to build a life as a rancher (including wearing Levi's pants, boots, etc )  Josie then incurs the annoyance of her male cattle rancher neighbors by farming sheep north of the Wyoming deadline), and setting up a women's suffrage movement 

Cast
Doris Day as Josie Minick
Peter Graves as Jason Meredith
George Kennedy as Arch Ogden
Andy Devine as Judge Tatum
William Talman as District Attorney Charlie Lord
David Hartman as Sheriff Fonse Pruitt
Guy Raymond as Doc
Audrey Christie as Annabelle Pettijohn
Karen Jensen as Deborah Wilkes
Elisabeth Fraser as Widow Renfrew
Linda Meiklejohn as Jenny McCardle
Shirley O'Hara as Elizabeth
Timothy Scott as Klugg The Sheepherder
Don Stroud as Bratsch The Sheepherder
Paul Fix as Alpheus Minick
Harry Carey as Mooney, Meredith's Foreman
John Fiedler as Simpson, general store owner
Robert Lowery as Whit Minick, town drunk
Teddy Quinn as Luther Minick, Josie's son
Edward Faulkner as Juror/Liveryman

See also
List of American films of 1967
Passage 5:
The Ballad of Narayama
The Ballad of Narayama may refer to:

The Ballad of Narayama (novel), a 1956 novel by Shichirō Fukazawa
The Ballad of Narayama (1958 film)
The Ballad of Narayama (1983 film)
Passage 6:
Point Danger
Point Danger or Danger Point may refer:

Places
AustraliaPoint Danger (Tweed Heads), on the border of New South Wales and Queensland
Point Danger (Portland), south-western Victoria
Point Danger (Torquay), south-western VictoriaOther placesDanger Point (County Devon), England, UK

Facilities and structures
Danger Point Lighthouse, Walker Bay, South Africa
Point Danger Light, located at Point Danger (Tweed Heads) on the border of New South Wales and Queensland, Australia

See also
Danger (disambiguation)
Point (disambiguation)
Passage 7:
The Ballad of Cossack Golota
The Ballad of Cossack Golota (Russian: Дума про казака Голоту) is a 1937 Soviet action drama film directed by Igor Savchenko 

Plot
The film is based on the novel R V S  by Arkady Gaidar  The film takes place in 1920 during the Civil War  All the men of Olkhovka village went to war  A young man Zhigan visits his grandfather and meets the son of a soldier of the Red Army - Sashko, who becomes his friend  Sashko receives information that the bandits want to kill the red commissar who must visit the village  Guys want to warn him   The characters get mixed up with a wounded commissar and a marauding White Russian officer  They find themselves in all sorts of predicaments before the Reds arrive to save the day, and become the mascots of a troop of Bolshevik cavalry 

Starring
Konstantin Nassonov as Commissar
Leonid Shekhtman as Zhigan
Konstantin Tyrtov as Sashko
Nina Rusinova as Mother
Nikolai Sokolov as Grandfather
Viktor Seleznyov as (as Vitya Seleznyov)
Nikolay Gorlov as Ataman Levka
Faina Ranevskaya as priest's wife
Aleksandr Grechanyy as Goloven (as A  Grechanyj)
Konstantin Starostin as Ataman Kozolup (as K  Starostin)
Aleksandr Zhutaev as Vassili (as A  Zhutayev)
Y  Martsinchik as Polish Officer
Passage 8:
The Ballad of Little Joe
This is a list of VHS and DVD releases of the animated children's television series VeggieTales 

Videos
Original videos (1993–2015)
Theatrical films
Compilation videos
Collections
Lessons From The Sock Drawer (May 6, 2008): Includes various "Veggie Vault" Silly Songs, shorts, and briefs including Binky the Opera Singer, Dr  Jiggle & Mr  Sly, The Story of St  Patrick, Paco and The Singing Aardvark,  Gated Community, Paco and the Chicken, The Englishman Who Went Up The Hill, Larry's High Silk Hat, Larry's Lagoon, Modern Major General, Forgive-O-Matic, Larry's Blues, Going Up, Omelet, and Lunch
The Bumblyburg Super-Hero Value Pack: Includes Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space!, Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed, Dave and the Giant Pickle (first Larry-Boy Appearance), and all four episodes of Larryboy: The Cartoon Adventures 
LarryBoy Superhero Power Pack: Includes Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space!, Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed, LarryBoy and the Bad Apple, the 16 Feature Songs of LarryBoy: The New Soundtrack! CD and all four episodes of Larryboy: The Cartoon Adventures 
The Ultimate Christmas Collection: Includes The Toy That Saved Christmas, The Star of Christmas, Saint Nicholas: A Story of Joyful Giving, the 25 Favorite Christmas Songs! CD, Christmas Sing-Along Songs!, It's a Meaningful Life, and The Little Drummer Boy 
A Very Veggie Easter Collection: Includes An Easter Carol, Twas The Night Before Easter, and the songs from CD collections "A Very Veggie Easter" and "Hosanna!" 
The Complete Silly Song Collection: Includes Very Silly Songs!, The End of Silliness? and The Ultimate Silly Song Countdown 
VeggieTales: 30 Episodes DVD Set: Includes Where's God When I'm S-Scared?, God Wants Me to Forgive Them!?!, Are You My Neighbor?, Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space!, Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed, LarryBoy and the Bad Apple, The Toy That Saved Christmas, The Star of Christmas, Saint Nicholas: A Story of Joyful Giving, King George and the Ducky, Esther    The Girl Who Became Queen, Duke and the Great Pie War, Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Samson's Hairbrush, Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Noah's Umbrella, Sheerluck Holmes and the Golden Ruler, Rack, Shack and Benny, Dave and the Giant Pickle, Josh and the Big Wall!, The Ballad of Little Joe, Moe and the Big Exit, Tomato Sawyer and Huckleberry Larry's Big River Rescue, It's a Meaningful Life, Sweetpea Beauty: A Girl After God's Own Heart, The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's, Sumo of the Opera, Gideon: Tuba Warrior, Abe and the Amazing Promise, Lyle the Kindly Viking, A Snoodle's Tale and Pistachio - The Little Boy That Woodn't 
All the Shows Volume 1 1993–2000: Includes "Where's God When I'm S-Scared", "God Wants Me to Forgive Them!?!", "Are You My Neighbor?", "Rack, Shack and Benny", "Dave and the Giant Pickle", "The Toy That Saved Christmas", "Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space!", "Josh and the Big Wall", "Madame Blueberry" and "Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed" 
All the Shows Volume 2 2000–2005: Includes "King George and the Ducky", "Esther: The Girl Who Became Queen", "Lyle the Kindly Viking", "The Star of Christmas", "The Ballad of Little Joe", "An Easter Carol", "A Snoodle's Tale", "Sumo of the Opera", "Duke and the Great Pie War" and "Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Samson's Hairbrush" 
All the Shows Volume 3 2006–2010: Includes "Sheerluck Holmes and the Golden Ruler", "LarryBoy and the Bad Apple", "Gideon: Tuba Warrior", "Moe and the Big Exit", "Tomato Sawyer and Huckleberry Larry's Big River Rescue", "Abe and the Amazing Promise", "Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Noah's Umbrella", "Saint Nicholas", "Pistachio" and "Sweetpea Beauty" 
25th Anniversary 10-Movie Collection: Includes Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie, The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything: A VeggieTales Movie, A Snoodle's Tale, Lyle the Kindly Viking, Pistachio - The Little Boy That Woodn't, Sweetpea Beauty, Sumo of the Opera, Sheerluck Holmes and the Golden Ruler, Robin Good and His Not So Merry Men and The Penniless Princess 
The VeggieTales Christmas Classics: Includes The Toy That Saved Christmas, The Star of Christmas, Saint Nicholas: A Story of Joyful Giving, Christmas Sing-Along Songs!, It's a Meaningful Life, The Little Drummer Boy and Merry Larry and the True Light of Christmas 
LarryBoy Ultimate Superhero Collection: Includes Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space!, Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed, LarryBoy and the Bad Apple, The League of Incredible Vegetables, and all four episodes of Larryboy: The Cartoon Adventures 

Double features
Holiday Double Feature: Includes The Toy that Saved Christmas and The Star of Christmas 
Lessons in Telling the Truth and The Power of Words Double Feature: Includes Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space! and Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed 
Lessons in Thankfulness and Courage Double Feature: Includes Madame Blueberry and Esther    The Girl Who Became Queen 
Lessons in Obedience and Selfishness Double Feature: Includes Josh and the Big Wall and King George and the Ducky 
Halloween Double Feature: Includes Where's God When I'm S-Scared? and Rack, Shack & Benny 
Heroic Legends Double Feature: Includes The League of Incredible Vegetables and Esther    The Girl Who Became Queen 
Lessons in Friendship and Facing Hardship Double Feature: Includes Sheerluck Holmes and the Golden Ruler and The Ballad of Little Joe 
Silly Songs! Double Feature: Includes Very Silly Songs! and The Ultimate Silly Song Countdown 
Good Friends! Double Feature: Includes Rack, Shack & Benny and Tomato Sawyer and Huckleberry Larry's Big River Rescue  
Growing Generous Kids!: Includes Lyle the Kindly Viking and King George and the Ducky 
Growing Patient Kids!: Includes Abe and the Amazing Promise and Sumo of the Opera 
Growing Faithful Kids!: Includes "The Grapes Of Wrath" (from God Wants Me To Forgive Them!?!) and 'Gideon: Tuba Warrior' 
Growing Kindhearted Kids!: Includes  Tomato Sawyer and Huckleberry Larry's Big River Rescue and Babysitter in De Nile" (from Duke and the Great Pie War)
Growing Courageous Kids!: Includes The Ballad of Little Joe and "Bully Trouble" (from Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Samson's Hairbrush) 
Growing Confident Kids!: Includes Rack, Shack and Benny and A Snoodle's Tale 
Movie Time!: Includes Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie &  The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything 

Triple features
Bob and Larry's Favorite Stories! (March 31, 1998): Includes Where's God When I'm S-Scared?, God Wants Me to Forgive Them!?!, and Are You My Neighbor? 
More of Bob and Larry's Favorite Stories (August 25, 1998): Includes Rack, Shack and Benny, Dave and the Giant Pickle, and Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space! 
Junior's Favorite Stories (November 9, 1999): Includes Josh and the Big Wall!, Very Silly Songs!, and Madame Blueberry 
Larry's Favorite Stories (May 23, 2000): Includes Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed, The End of Silliness, and King George and the Ducky 
Classics from the Crisper (September 18, 2001): Includes Esther: The Girl Who Became Queen, Lyle the Kindly Viking, and The Ultimate Silly Song Countdown 
"Lions, Shepherds and Queens (Oh My!)" Includes "Daniel and the Lions' Den", "Dave and the Giant Pickle" and "Esther    The Girl Who Became Queen" 
"Stand Up, Stand Tall, Stand Strong!" Includes "The Story of Flibber-o-Loo", "Rack, Shack and Benny" and "Josh and the Big Wall!"
Multi-Feature: Includes Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Samson's Hairbrush, Sumo of the Opera, and Dave and the Giant Pickle 
Girl Power! A VeggieTriple Feature: Includes Madame Blueberry, Duke and the Great Pie War, and Esther: The Girl Who Became Queen 
Superhero! A VeggieTriple Feature: Includes Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space!, Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed, and LarryBoy and the Bad Apple 
Lessons for a Lifetime! A VeggieTriple Feature: Includes Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie, Lyle the Kindly Viking, and Gideon: Tuba Warrior 
God Made You Special! (August 11, 2007): Includes "Dave and the Giant Pickle", "The Gourds Must Be Crazy", and "A Snoodle's Tale"  Also includes a new short, "Bob's Vacation"
"A Baby, A Quest and the Wild Wild West!": Includes "The Ballad of Little Joe", "Babysitter in DeNile" and "Mo and the Big Exit" 
God Loves You Very Much! A VeggieTriple Feature: Includes "The Ballad of Little Joe", "Gideon, Tuba Warrior", and "Rack, Shack and Benny" 
"A Silly Little Thing Called Love" A VeggieTale Triple Feature : Includes "The Story of Flibber -o-Loo", "Duke and the Great Pie War", and "Madame Blueberry" 
"Happy Together": Includes "Sherlock Holmes and the Golden Ruler", "The Grapes of Wrath" and "Esther    The Girl Who Became Queen" 
Veggie Classics! A VeggieTriple Feature: Includes Where's God When I'm S-Scared?, God Wants Me to Forgive Them!?!, and Are You My Neighbor? 
Bible Heroes! A VeggieTriple Feature: Includes Josh and the Big Wall!, Esther    The Girl Who Became Queen, and Moe and the Big Exit 
Royalty Collection! A Queen, A King and a Very Blue Berry: Includes Madame Blueberry, King George and the Ducky, and Esther: The Girl Who Became Queen 
Adventure Pack! The Search and Rescue Edition!: Includes Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Samson's Hairbrush, Sheerluck Holmes and the Golden Ruler, and Tomato Sawyer and Huckleberry Larry's Big River Rescue 
Good Guys! Triple Feature: Includes Dave and the Giant Pickle, Josh and the Big Wall!, and Tomato Sawyer and Huckleberry Larry's Big River Rescue 

Quadruple features
Funtastic Four!: Includes Robin Good, Big River Rescue, Minnesota Cuke and the Search for Noah's Umbrella, and Sheerluck Holmes 
Bible Story Collection: Includes King George and the Ducky, Dave and the Giant Pickle, Rack, Shack and Benny and Josh and the Big Wall!
Princess Story Collection: Includes Sweetpea Beauty, Esther    The Girl Who Became Queen, The Penniless Princess, and Princess and the Popstar 
Bible Heroes - 4 Movie Collection: Includes Noah's Ark, Gideon: Tuba Warrior, Josh and the Big Wall! and King George and the Ducky 
Bible Heroes - 4 Movie Collection 2: Includes Moe and the Big Exit, The Ballad of Little Joe, Esther    The Girl Who Became Queen and Dave and the Giant Pickle 
Superhero! - 4 Movie Collection: Includes Larry-Boy! And the Fib from Outer Space!, Larry-Boy and the Rumor Weed, LarryBoy and the Bad Apple and The League of Incredible Vegetables 
Passage 9:
Eskimo Nell (film)
Eskimo Nell, also known as The Ballad of Eskimo Nell and as The Sexy Saga of Naughty Nell and Big Dick, is a 1975 British sex comedy film directed by Martin Campbell and produced by Stanley Long  Though inspired by "The Ballad of Eskimo Nell", the movie owes little to the original bawdy song 
Long called it "my definitive statement about the sex films" 

Plot
Budding film director Dennis Morrison (Michael Armstrong), producer Clive Potter (Terence Edmond), and screenwriter Harris Tweedle (Christopher Timothy) are hired by seedy erotic film producer Benny U  Murdoch (Roy Kinnear) to make a dirty movie based on the poem "The Ballad of Eskimo Nell"  However they run into difficulty when each of the production's backers want a completely different style of film made  Then Murdoch makes off with the money and the three have to produce four different versions of the movie to keep everybody happy - a gay Western, a hardcore porno, a Kung Fu-style musical, and a wholesome family production 

Cast
Background
Many of the film's characters are based on real personalities of the time  Lady Longhorn and Lord Coltwind — the backers of the wholesome family version — are thinly veiled caricatures of Mary Whitehouse and Lord Longford  Benny U  Murdoch is loosely based on Tony Tenser, head of Tigon films  A more obscure figure the film ridicules is Louis "Deke" M  Heyward, the London representative of AIP (American International Pictures), who had previously clashed with the film's writer Michael Armstrong in 1969 during the making of Armstrong's directing debut, The Haunted House of Horror  In Eskimo Nell Heyward is parodied as "Big Dick", a crass, foul-mouthed American producer from "A W P Films", and the backer of the hardcore porno version  A similar character had previously appeared in Armstrong's script for The Sex Thief in 1973 
A pre-fame Mary Millington, then just a jobbing actress and model using her married name Mary Maxted, has a small role in the film as a stripping traffic warden who auditions for a part in the film within a film   Although Millington appears only fleetingly (with her audition speeded up for comic effect), stills from her scene were used to publicize the film in magazines including Titbits and Cinema X 
The film is not to be confused with Richard Franklin's 1975 film The True Story of Eskimo Nell which was released in the UK as Dick Down Under  Campbell's film was re-titled The Sexy Saga of Naughty Nell and Big Dick in Australia 
Long half financed with Eagle films  He was a director by then but let Martin Campbell direct because he "thought he was very talented"  Long says the film is loosely based on fact and real people who were in the film industry 

Home media
Eskimo Nell was released in a 'special edition' DVD and Blu-ray on 16 February 2015, to celebrate its 40th anniversary (the film was originally released in London in January 1975)  The new edition has been digitally re-mastered at Pinewood Studios and comes with several extra features including the original theatrical trailer (unseen since 1975), an audio commentary by the film's actor-writer Michael Armstrong and film historian Simon Sheridan, an 8-page booklet, plus an extensive stills gallery and a newly re-mastered version of Mary Millington's short 1974 film Wild Lovers 
Passage 10:
Moment of Danger
Moment of Danger (also known as Malaga) is a 1960 British crime drama film starring Trevor Howard, Dorothy Dandridge and Edmund Purdom  It was filmed in Europe in the late months of 1959 
The film is based on the novel by Donald MacKenzie, and it was brought to the screen by David D  Osborn  The film proved to be the final completed film for Dorothy Dandridge 

Plot
Starting with a wordless jewel heist pulled-off by thief Peter Curran and locksmith John Bain, Curran then double-crosses his accomplice, dumps his lover Gianna and escapes with his ill-gotten gains   In the aftermath Gianna teams up with Bain and the two of them decide to even the score with Curran, developing feelings for each other along the way 

Cast
Trevor Howard as John Bain
Dorothy Dandridge as Gianna
Edmund Purdom as Peter Carran
Michael Hordern as Inspector Farrell
Paul Stassino as Juan Montoya
John Bailey as Cecil
Alfred Burke as Shapley
Peter Illing as Pawnbroker
Martin Boddey as Sir John Middleburgh

Background
Before the film's release, Jet magazine said it "concerns a girl     and a man     who, broke and stranded, are on the run from the law   (at one point) the girl goes out and gets money as a prostitute "  One author describes Michael Hordern's appearance in the movie as a "sympathetic copper who knows that Trevor Howard is a jewel thief – thanks to Howard's double-crossing partner Edmond Purdom – but lacks the evidence to make an arrest "In the film Dorothy Dandridge was cast as a woman of colour of European descent with the Italian name of Gianna   In some pre-release publicity, one magazine article made a point of saying that when Trevor Howard's character kissed Dorothy, it was the first time in her career that she had received an on-screen kiss from a white man  This was not so as the actors barely touched throughout, but director László Benedek created some strongly understated sexual tension  The actress' first screen kiss so described occurred when starring with German actor Curd Jürgens in the 1958 Italian production Tamango 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Marie of Évreux
Marie d'Évreux (1303 – October 31, 1335) was the eldest child of Louis d'Évreux and his wife Margaret of Artois  She was a member of the House of Capet 
She was Duchess of Brabant by her marriage to John III, Duke of Brabant  Her paternal grandmother being Marie of Brabant, she was a great-granddaughter of Henry III, Duke of Brabant and so, her husband's second cousin 
Marie was the eldest of five children born to her parents  Marie's younger siblings included: Charles d'Évreux; Lord of Étampes, Philip III of Navarre; husband of Joan II of Navarre, and Jeanne d'Évreux; Queen of France by her marriage to Charles IV of France 

Marriage
In 1311, Marie married John III, Duke of Brabant as his father's gesture of rapprochement with France 
They had six children:

Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (1322–1406)
Margaret of Brabant (February 9, 1323 – 1368), married at Saint-Quentin on June 6, 1347 Louis II of Flanders
Marie of Brabant (1325 – March 1, 1399), Lady of Turnhout, married at Tervuren on July 1, 1347 Reginald III of Guelders
John (1327–1335/36)
Henri (d  October 29, 1349)
Godfrey (d  aft  February 3, 1352)Marie's daughter Joanna was the first woman to be Duchess of Brabant in her own right 
Marie died October 31, 1335, aged thirty-one or thirty-two 

Genealogy
Passage 2:
Hannah Arnold
Hannah Arnold may refer to:

Hannah Arnold (née Waterman) (c 1705–1758), mother of Benedict Arnold
Hannah Arnold (beauty queen) (born 1996), Filipino-Australian model and beauty pageant titleholder
Passage 3:
Beatrice of Luxembourg
Beatrice of Luxembourg (Hungarian: Luxemburgi Beatrix; 1305 – 11 November 1319), was by birth member of the House of Luxembourg and by marriage Queen of Hungary 
She was the youngest child of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife, Margaret of Brabant  Her two siblings were John of Luxembourg and Marie of Luxembourg, Queen of France 

Life
At the time of his death (1313), Emperor Henry VII initiated the negotiations for a marriage between Beatrice and Charles, Duke of Calabria, son and heir of King Robert of Naples, and also planned to marry again (his wife was already dead in 1311) with Catherine of Habsburg  Beatrice was called by her father to Italy, where she arrived with her paternal grandmother, Beatrice d'Avesnes  The marriage plans with the Duke of Calabria failed, and the Emperor began negotiations for a marriage with Prince Peter of Sicily, eldest son and heir of King Frederick III; however, the current political conflicts between the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Sicily soon ended this planned betrothal too 
When King Charles I of Hungary (whose first wife Maria of Bytom, had died in 1317) decided to marry again, he sent to the Kingdom of Bohemia two representants, Thomas Szécsényi and Simon Kacsics, in addition to an interpreter, a bourgeois from Szoprońskim called Stephen, in order to find a bride  King John called his two sisters to his court; at that moment, Marie resided in St  Marienthal Abbey and Beatrice remained in Italy  Both princesses arrived to Prague on 20 June 1318, and three days later, the Hungarian envoys met both girls at the monastery of Zbraslav, where the Bohemian king gave them the opportunity to choose between them their future queen  After a calculated assessment of both personal and physical attitudes, they chose Beatrice  Soon after, the formal engagement took place, and the young bride parted with the Hungarian entourage to her new home  On the border of the Kingdom of Hungary she was officially welcomed by Charles I's messengers  Beatrice and Charles I married at the Octave of Saint Martin (between 12 and 17 November) and she was crowned Queen of Hungary in the ceremony 
Beatrice became pregnant in 1319  In November, she went into labour but died while giving birth  The child was stillborn  She was buried at Nagyvárad Cathedral 
Passage 4:
Matilda of Brabant, Countess of Artois
Matilda of Brabant (14 June 1224 – 29 September 1288) was the eldest daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and his first wife Marie of Hohenstaufen 

Marriages and children
On 14 June 1237, which was her 13th birthday, Matilda married her first husband Robert I of Artois  Robert was the son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile  They had:

Blanche of Artois (1248 – 2 May 1302)  Married first Henry I of Navarre and secondly Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster 
Robert II, Count of Artois (1250 – 11 July 1302 at the Battle of the Golden Spurs) On 8 February 1250, Robert I was killed while participating in the Seventh Crusade   On 16 January 1255, Matilda married her second husband Guy III, Count of Saint-Pol  He was a younger son of Hugh I, Count of Blois and Mary, Countess of Blois  They had:

Hugh II, Count of Blois (died 1307), Count of Saint Pol and later Count of Blois
Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol (died 1317), Count of Saint Pol
Jacques I of Leuze-Châtillon (died 11 July 1302 at the Battle of the Golden Spurs), first of the lords of Leuze, married Catherine de Condé and had issue; his descendants brought Condé, Carency, etc  into the House of Bourbon 
Beatrix (died 1304), married John I of Brienne, Count of Eu
Jeanne, married Guillaume III de Chauvigny, Lord of Châteauroux
Gertrude, married Florent, Lord of Mechelen (French: Malines) 
Passage 5:
Marie of Brabant, Countess of Savoy
Marie of Brabant (1277/80–1338), was a Countess Consort of Savoy by marriage to Amadeus V, Count of Savoy  She was the daughter of John I, Duke of Brabant and Margaret of Flanders 

Life
She was engaged to Amadeus after the death of her father  The marriage was arranged when Savoy joined Brabant in an alliance with France against England  A Papal dispensation was obtained in October 1297  The wedding took place at the Château de Chambéry in 1298  
As countess of Savoy, Marie of Brabant appears to have brought with her a certain cultural influence from Brabant, and brought with her several artisans which influenced the court of Savoy, such as her tailor Colin de Brabant  The marriage resulted in close ties between Savoy and Brabant, and gave Brabant closer access to Italy  Marie appears to have had some influence at court, playing a role as diplomat and political adviser In 1308, her brother-in-law was elected King in Germany  When her sister and brother-in-law travelled to Italy in 1310, they visited Maria at the court of Savoy in Geneva on their way to Rome  
In 1323, she became a widow  Her spouse was succeeded by Maria's stepson  The exact date of her death is unknown 

Issue
Maria of Savoy
Catherine of Savoy, d  1336, married to Leopold I (duke of Austria and Styria)
Anna of Savoy, d  1359, married to Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos
Beatrice of Savoy (1310–1331), married in 1327 to Henry VI, Duke of Carinthia, count of Tirol
Passage 6:
Hubba bint Hulail
Hubba bint Hulail (Arabic: حبة بنت هليل) was the grandmother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus the great-great-great-grandmother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 

Biography
Hubbah was the daughter of Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah ibn Salul ibn Ka’b ibn Amr al-Khuza’i of Banu Khuza'a who was the trustee and guardian of the Ka‘bah (Arabic: كَـعْـبَـة, 'Cube')  She married Qusai ibn Kilab and after her father died, the keys of the Kaaba were committed to her  Qusai, according to Hulail's will, had the trusteeship of the Kaaba after him 
Hubbah never gave up ambitious hopes for the line of her favourite son Abd Manaf  Her two favourite grandsons were the twin sons Amr and Abd Shams, of ‘Ātikah bint Murrah  Hubbah hoped that the opportunities missed by Abd Manaf would be made up for in these grandsons, especially Amr, who seemed much more suitable for the role than any of the sons of Abd al-Dar  He was dear to the ‘ayn (Arabic: عـيـن, eye) of his grandmother Hubbah 

Family
Qusai ibn Kilab had four sons by Hubbah: Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai dedicated to his house, Abdu’l Qusayy dedicated to himself, Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai to his goddess (Al-‘Uzzá) and Abd Manaf ibn Qusai to the idol revered by Hubbah  They also had two daughters, Takhmur and Barrah  Abd Manaf's real name was 'Mughirah', and he also had the nickname 'al-Qamar' (the Moon) because he was handsome 
Hubbah was related to Muhammad in more than one way  Firstly, she was the great-great-grandmother of his father Abdullah  She was also the great-grandmother of Umm Habib and Abdul-Uzza, respectively the maternal grandmother and grandfather of Muhammad's mother Aminah 

Family tree
* indicates that the marriage order is disputed
Note that direct lineage is marked in bold 

See also
Family tree of Muhammad
List of notable Hijazis
Passage 7:
Margaret of France, Queen of England
Margaret of France (c  1279 – 14 February 1318) was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I  She was a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant 

Childhood
Margaret was the daughter of King Philip III of France and his second wife, Maria of Brabant  Margaret was only six years old when her father died  She grew up under guidance of her mother, and also of Queen Joan I of Navarre, the wife of her half-brother, King Philip IV 

Marriage negotiations
The death of his beloved first wife, Eleanor of Castile, in 1290, left King Edward I of England grief-stricken  He was at the time at war with France and Scotland  He and Eleanor had only one surviving son, Edward, and so the king was anxious to remarry to have more sons  In summer of 1291, Edward betrothed his son to Blanche, half-sister to Margaret and Philip IV, in order to achieve peace with France  However, having been told of Blanche's renowned beauty, Edward decided to have his son's bride for his own and sent emissaries to France  Philip IV agreed to have Blanche marry Edward on the conditions that a truce would be concluded between the two countries, and that Edward would give up the province of Gascony 
Edward agreed, and sent his brother Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, to fetch the new bride  Edward had been deceived, for Blanche was to be married to Rudolph, the eldest son of King Albert I of Germany  Instead, Philip IV offered her younger sister Margaret to marry Edward (then 55)  Upon hearing this, Edward declared war on France, refusing to marry Margaret  After five years, a truce was agreed upon under the influence of Pope Boniface VIII  A series of treaties in the first half of 1299 provided terms for a double marriage: Edward I would marry Margaret and his son would marry Isabella, Philip IV's only surviving daughter  Additionally, the English monarchy would regain the key territory of Guyenne and receive £15,000 owed to Margaret as well as the return of Eleanor of Castile's lands in Ponthieu and Montreuil as a dower first for Margaret and then Isabella 

Queenship
Edward was then 60 years old, at least 40 years older than his bride  The wedding took place at Canterbury on 10 September 1299  Margaret was never crowned due to financial constraints, being the first uncrowned queen since the Conquest  This in no way lessened her dignity as the king's wife, however, for she used the royal title in her letters and documents, and appeared publicly wearing a crown even though she had not received one during a formal rite of investiture Edward soon returned to the Scottish border to continue his campaigns and left Margaret in London, but she had become pregnant quickly after the wedding  After several months, bored and lonely, the young queen decided to join her husband



ground_truth: Moment Of Danger

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandmother of Marie Of Brabant, Queen Of France?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  Nothing could have pleased the king more, for Margaret's actions reminded him of his first wife Eleanor, who had had two of her sixteen children abroad  In less than a year Margaret gave birth to a son, Thomas, who was named after Thomas Becket, since she had prayed to him during her pregnancy  The next year she gave birth to another son, Edmund 
Many who fell under the king's wrath were saved from too stern a punishment by the queen's influence over her husband, and the statement, Pardoned solely on the intercession of our dearest consort, queen Margaret of England, appears  In 1305, the young queen acted as a mediator between her step-son and husband, reconciling the heir apparent to his aging father, and calming her husband's wrath  She and her stepson, who was only two years younger than she, also became fond of each other: he once made her a gift of an expensive ruby and gold ring, and she on one occasion rescued many of the prince's friends from the wrath of the king 
Margaret favoured the Franciscan order and was a benefactress of a new foundation at Newgate  She employed the minstrel Guy de Psaltery and both she and her husband liked to play chess  The mismatched couple were blissfully happy  When her sister Blanche died in 1305, Edward ordered full court mourning to please his wife  He had realised the wife he had gained was "a pearl of great price" as Margaret was respected for her beauty, virtue, and piety  The same year Margaret gave birth to a girl, Eleanor, named in honour of Edward's first wife, a choice which surprised many, and showed Margaret's unjealous nature 
In 1307, when Edward went on summer campaign to Scotland, Margaret accompanied him  Edward died in Burgh by Sands 

Widowhood
Margaret never remarried after Edward's death in 1307, despite being only 26 when widowed  She was alleged to have stated that, "when Edward died, all men died for me" 
Margaret was not pleased when Edward II elevated Piers Gaveston to become Earl of Cornwall upon his father's death, since the title had been meant for one of her own sons  She attended the new king's wedding to her half-niece Isabella, and a silver casket was made with both their arms  After Isabella's coronation, Margaret retired to Marlborough Castle (which was by this time a dower house), but she stayed in touch with the new queen and with her half-brother Philip IV by letter during the confusing times leading up to Gaveston's death in 1312  Margaret, too, was a victim of Gaveston's influence over her stepson  Edward II gave several of her dower lands to the favourite, including Berkhamsted Castle  In May 1308, an anonymous informer reported that Margaret had provided £40,000 along with Philip IV to support the English barons against Gaveston  Due to this action, Gaveston was briefly exiled and Margaret remained fairly unmolested by the upstart until his death in June 1312 
She was present at the birth of Edward III in November 1312 
On 14 February 1318 she died in her castle at Marlborough  Dressed in a Franciscan habit, she was buried at Christ Church Greyfriars in London, a church she had generously endowed  Her tomb was destroyed during the Reformation 

Issue
In all, Margaret gave birth to three children:
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1 June 1300 – 4 August 1338)
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 1301 – 19 March 1330)
Eleanor (4 May 1306 – 1311) Died at Amesbury Abbey, buried at Beaulieu Abbey 

Genealogical table
Passage 8:
Henry III, Duke of Brabant
Henry III of Brabant (c  1230 – February 28, 1261, Leuven) was Duke of Brabant between 1248 and his death  He was the son of Henry II of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufen  He was also a trouvère 
The disputed territory of Lothier, the former Duchy of Lower Lorraine, was assigned to him by the King Alfonso X of Castile, a claimant to the German throne  Alfonso also appointed him imperial vicar to advance his claims on the Holy Roman Empire 
In 1251, he married Adelaide of Burgundy (c  1233 – October 23, 1273), daughter of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy and Yolande de Dreux, by whom he had four children:

Henry IV, Duke of Brabant (c  1251 – aft  1272) Mentally disabled, and made to abdicate in favor of his brother John on 24 May 1267 
John I, Duke of Brabant (1253–1294) Married first to Marguerite of France, daughter of King Louis IX of France (Saint Louis) and his wife Margaret of Provence, and later to Margaret of Flanders, daughter of Guy, Count of Flanders and his first wife Mathilda of Béthune 
Godfrey of Brabant, Lord of Aarschot (d  July 11, 1302, Kortrijk), killed at the Battle of the Golden Spurs, married 1277 Jeanne Isabeau de Vierzon (d  aft  1296)
Maria of Brabant (1256, Leuven – January 12, 1321, Murel), married at Vincennes on August 27, 1274 to King Philip III of France On February 26, 1261, Henry III signed his will, which included a clause threatening to banish Jewish people from Brabant unless they ceased the practice of usury, albeit only after his death  He died two days later  His wife Adelaide, acting as regent since Henry IV was incapable of ruling, never enforced this policy laid out in the will, and the Jews were able to stay 

See also
Dukes of Brabant family tree
Passage 9:
Marie of Brabant, Queen of France
Marie of Brabant (13 May 1254 – 12 January 1322) was Queen of France from 1274 until 1285 as the second wife of King Philip III  Born in Leuven, Brabant, she was a daughter of Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy 

Queen
Marie married the widowed Philip III of France on 21 August 1274  His first wife, Isabella of Aragon, had already given birth to three surviving sons: Louis, Philip and Charles 
Philip was under the strong influence of his mother, Margaret of Provence, and his minion, surgeon and chamberlain (Chambellan) Pierre de la Broce  Not being French, Marie stood out at the French court  In 1276, Marie's stepson Louis died under suspicious circumstances  Marie was suspected of ordering him to be poisoned  La Broce, who was also suspected, was imprisoned and later executed for the murder 

Queen dowager
After the death of Philip III in 1285, Marie lost some of her political influence, and dedicated her life to their three children: Louis (May 1276 – 19 May 1319), Blanche (1278 – 19 March 1305) and Margaret (died in 1318)  Her stepson Philip IV was crowned king of France on 6 January 1286 in Reims 
Together with Joan I of Navarre and Blanche of Artois, she negotiated peace in 1294 between England and France with Edmund Crouchback, the younger brother of Edward I of England Marie lived through Philip IV's reign and she outlived her children  She died in 1322, aged 67, in the monastery at Les Mureaux, near Meulan, where she had withdrawn to in 1316  Marie was not buried in the royal necropolis of Basilica of Saint-Denis, but in the Cordeliers Convent, in Paris  Destroyed in a fire in 1580, the church was rebuilt in the following years 

See also
Marie of Brabant (disambiguation)

Notes
Sources
Bradbury, Jim (2007)  The Capetians, Kings of France 987–1328  Hambledon Continuum 
Dunbabin, Jean (2011)  The French in the Kingdom of Sicily, 1266–1305  Cambridge University Press 
Gaude-Ferragu, Murielle (2016)  Queenship in Medieval France, 1300-1500  Palgrave Macmillan 
Jordan, William Chester (2009)  A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century  Princeton University Press 
Morris, Marc (2008)  Edward I and the Forging of Britain  Windmill Books 
Stanton, Anne Rudloff (2001)  The Queen Mary Psalter: A Study of Affect and Audience  Vol  91 Part 6  American Philosophical Society 
Viard, Jules Marie Édouard (1930)  Grandes Chroniques de France  Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion 
Passage 10:
Marie of Luxembourg, Queen of France
Marie of Luxembourg (1304 – 26 March 1324) was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Charles IV and I 
She was the daughter of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and Margaret of Brabant  Her two siblings were John of Luxembourg and Beatrice of Luxembourg, Queen of Hungary 

Life
Marie was betrothed in 1308 to Louis of Bavaria, son and heir to Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria  The engagement was agreed on soon after Marie's father Henry became King of the Romans; Rudolf had been a supporter of her father during the struggle for power  It ended due to the death of Louis around 1311  During the same year, Marie's mother Queen Margaret died whilst travelling with Henry in Genoa 
On 21 September 1322 in either Paris or Provins Marie married to Charles IV of France following the annulment of his first marriage to the adulterous Blanche of Burgundy  Blanche had given birth to two children, Philip and Joan, but both of them died young and Charles needed a son and heir to carry on the House of Capet 
On 15 May 1323 Marie was consecrated Queen of France at Sainte-Chapelle by Guillaume de Melum, Archbishop of Sens  In the same year she became pregnant but she later miscarried a girl  Whilst pregnant again in March 1324, Marie travelling to Avignon with King Charles to visit the pope when Marie fell out of the bottom of the coach  As a result, she went into labour and her child, a boy (Louis), was born prematurely, and died several hours later; Queen Marie died on 26 March 1324 and was buried at Montargis in the Dominican church  Following her death Charles married Jeanne d'Évreux, but failed to father a son, so the direct House of Capet was succeeded by its branch, the House of Valois 

Ancestors
Context 3: Passage 1:
The Abduction Club
The Abduction Club is a 2002 British-Irish romantic comedy-drama adventure film directed by Stefan Schwartz  Based loosely on real events, the plot centres on a group of outlaws who abduct women in order to marry them  It was written by Richard Crawford and Bill Britten 

Plot
In 18th century Ireland, there are two financially insecure young bachelors, Garrett Byrne and James Strang, whose exploits evolve from the need to secure wealth  Both are younger sons that will not inherit titles and estates so they become members of an infamous society known as the 'Abduction Club', whose main aim is to woo and then abduct wealthy heiresses in order to marry them (therefore providing themselves with financial security)  The men decide to set their sights on the beautiful yet feisty Kennedy sisters, Catherine and Anne, but are unprepared for the negative reaction they are to receive, and they soon find themselves on the run across the Irish countryside (with the sisters in tow) from Anne's cold-hearted admirer, John Power, who does not take kindly to the news of their kidnapping, and with the help of the embittered Attorney General Lord Fermoy, implicates Byrne and Strang in the murder of a Redcoat soldier 

Cast
Alice Evans as Catherine Kennedy
Daniel Lapaine as Garrett Byrne
Sophia Myles as Anne Kennedy
Matthew Rhys as James Strang
Liam Cunningham as John Power
Edward Woodward as Lord Fermoy
Patrick Malahide as Sir Myles
Tom Murphy as Knox
Passage 2:
Wooden Crosses
Wooden Crosses (French: Les Croix de Bois) is a 1932 French war film by Raymond Bernard, based upon a novel by Roland Dorgelès 

Plot
Patriotic student Demachy enlists in the French army in 1914 at the start of World War I  He and his comrades soon experience the terrifying, endless trench war in Champagne, where more and more wooden crosses have to be erected for this cannon fodder 

Cast (in credits order)
Pierre Blanchar as Adjudant Gilbert Demachy
Gabriel Gabrio as Sulphart
Charles Vanel as Caporal Breval
Raymond Aimos as Soldat Fouillard
Antonin Artaud as Soldat Vieuble
Paul Azaïs as Soldat Broucke
René Bergeron as Soldat Hamel
Raymond Cordy as Soldat Vairon
Marcel Delaitre as Sergent Berthier
Jean Galland as Capitaine Cruchet
Pierre Labry as Soldat Bouffioux, Le Cuistot
Geo Laby as Soldat Belin
René Montis as Lieutenant Morache
Jean-François Martial as Soldat Lemoine
Marc Valbel as Maroux
Passage 3:
John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)
John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957 

Surrey cricketer
McMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29  In the first innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs In his first full season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in the space of 6 3 overs for seven runs  This would remain the best bowling performance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later  In the following game, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth  In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28 07  As a tail-end left-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4 22 The emergence of Tony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career  Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets  In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times  In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's County Championship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12 38 runs apiece, while McMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21 53  At the end of the 1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of the County Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries 

Somerset cricketer
Somerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with support from the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service  McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement of Horace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed to realise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly 
McMahon instantly became a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, not missing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957, after which he did not play in the Championship again In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellow newcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spin bowlers, McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the rest of the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their own batsmen," it said  McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27 47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higher average)  His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the first innings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of his career  He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of the table 
The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28 77 apiece  There was a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the batting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9 03  This included his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome  A week later in Somerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46 runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clever variation of flight and spin"  These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955 season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourth season running At the end of the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956 season, with Langford returning from National Service as the main support  McMahon responded with his most successful season so far, taking 103 wickets at an average of 25 57, the only season in his career in which he exceeded 100 wickets  The bowling average improved still further in 1957 to 23 10 when McMahon took 86 wickets  But his season came to an abrupt end in mid-August 1957 when, after 108 consecutive Championship matches, he was dropped from the first team during the Weston-super-Mare festival  Though he played some games for the second eleven later in August, he regained his place in the first team for only a single end-of-season friendly match, and he was told that his services were not required for the future, a decision, said Wisden, that "proved highly controversial" 

Sacked by Somerset
The reason behind McMahon's sacking did not become public knowledge for many years  In its obituary of him in 2002, McMahon was described by Wisden as "a man who embraced the antipodean virtues of candour and conviviality"  It went on: "Legend tells of a night at the Flying Horse Inn in Nottingham when he beheaded the gladioli with an ornamental sword, crying: 'When Mac drinks, everybody drinks!'" The obituary recounts a further escapade in second eleven match at Midsomer Norton where a curfew imposed on the team was circumvented by "a POW-type loop" organised by McMahon, "with his team-mates escaping through a ground-storey window and then presenting themselves again"  As the only Somerset second eleven match that McMahon played in at Midsomer Norton was right at the end of the 1957 season, this may have been the final straw  But in any case there had been "an embarrassing episode at Swansea's Grand Hotel" earlier in the season, also involving Jim Hilton, who was also dismissed at the end of the season  Team-mates and club members petitioned for McMahon to be reinstated, but the county club was not to be moved 
After a period in Lancashire League cricket with Milnrow Cricket Club, McMahon moved back to London where he did office work, later contributing some articles to cricket magazines 


== Notes and references ==
Passage 4:
Stefan Schwartz
Stefan Schwartz (born 1 May 1963) is an English and Canadian film and television director, writer and actor, most known for the feature film Shooting Fish and his work on the BBC's Spooks and Luther, AMC's The Walking Dead and Fear The Walking Dead as well as The Americans and The Boys 

Career
1992–2007
Stefan Schwartz teamed up with Richard Holmes at The University of York and formed The Gruber Brothers  The duo made a number of films together including their feature film debut Soft Top Hard Shoulder (1992) starring Peter Capaldi and Phyllis Logan, which won two BAFTAs in Scotland and the London Film Festival's prestigious audience award  Building on this success in 1995 he directed Giving Tongue, shown as part of BBC2′s Wicked Women series and in 1997 wrote and directed Shooting Fish, a crime-caper comedy starring Kate Beckinsale which won several awards and made over twenty million dollars worldwide He then signed a three-year deal to write and direct for Miramax and wrote screenplays for them, teaming up with notable producers such as Laurence Bender and Jennifer and Suzanne Todd before directing The Abduction Club (2002) for Pathe Films His next film as writer/director was the romantic comedy The Best Man starring Stuart Townsend, Amy Smart and Seth Green in 2005 

2007–2015
In television, he directed Hustle, the award-winning Spooks and The Ghost Train for Lynda La Plante before moving on to the season finale of the ground-breaking series, Luther, for the BBC  In the US he has directed several episodes of the critically acclaimed Crash with Dennis Hopper, joined the Starz series Camelot, which he directed for and also co-executive produced, and directed for the much praised Dexter series 
After finishing Being Human for Syfy Stefan directed in the final season of House and worked in New York on White Collar  He then went back to Showtime for another episode of Dexter 
Autumn 2012 he worked in Paris with Jean Reno on the series Jo, before travelling to Atlanta to shoot The Walking Dead for which he won Online Film & Television Association -  Television Award - Best Direction in a Drama Series for The Walking Dead 
Early 2013 he directed the mid-season finale of ABC's hit show Revenge, then went back to work on the final season of Dexter 
AMC then asked him back to direct Low Winters Sun in Detroit before heading back to New York to shoot the season opener of  White Collar  From there to Pittsburgh to direct Chloe Sevigny and James D'Arcy in Those Who Kill, and then to South Africa to shoot the first episode of Black Sails for Starz, (second season) 
In 2014 he started the year in New York on The Americans then worked with Diane Kruger on The Bridge  He won the OFTA Television Award for Best Direction in a Drama Series  – The walking Dead 
Summer 2014 he completed an episode of the new Starz show called Flesh and Bone set in the world of ballet and written by Adam Rapp and Moira Walley-Beckett  Then Power 

2015–2018
In 2015 Stefan returned to Cape Town to shoot two new episodes of Black Sails directing some of the most complex action/vfx sequences on television at that time  In the same year, he also directed the season finale of Fear the Walking Dead season 1 in Los Angeles, before crossing the country to direct episode 4 of The Americans season 4 in New York 

Filmography
Film
Television
As director
As actor
Passage 5:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 6:
Raymond Bernard
Raymond Bernard (10 October 1891 – 12 December 1977) was a French film director and screenwriter whose career spanned more than 40 years  He is best remembered for several large-scale historical productions, including the silent films Le Miracle des loups (The Miracle of the Wolves) and Le Joueur d'échecs (The Chess Player) and in the 1930s Les Croix de bois (Wooden Crosses) and a highly regarded adaptation of Les Misérables 

Biography
Raymond Bernard was born in Paris in 1891, the son of the author and humorist Tristan Bernard and younger brother of the playwright Jean-Jacques Bernard  He began his career as an actor appearing on stage in plays written by his father, including Jeanne Doré (1913) alongside Sarah Bernhardt (also filmed in 1916)  In 1917, Bernard began to work behind the camera as assistant to Jacques Feyder at Gaumont and then continued as a director, principally adapting plays by his father  In these popular entertainments, he soon gained experience of working with leading performers such as Max Linder and Charles Dullin In 1924, Bernard embarked upon a new style of film, the historical spectacle, with Le Miracle des loups set in 15th-century France in the reign of Louis XI  This proved to be the most expensive film of its day and one of the more profitable  Bernard's ability to combine dramatic narrative with spacious settings and large numbers of performers was utilised in the two remaining productions of his silent film career, Le Joueur d'échecs (1927) and Tarakanova (1930) Bernard's film-making in the sound era continued for nearly three decades  Further large-scale productions included his film about the First World War, Les Croix de bois (1932), and a three-part adaptation of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables (1934) which was nearly five hours in length  In his later films, he returned to modest projects and budgets, including a number of sophisticated comedies  During the wartime Occupation of France, Bernard as a Jew was obliged to remain in hiding, and his film-making ceased until the end of the war 
He retired from film-making in 1958, but in the 1970s, when he was in his 80s, he was able to supervise the reconstruction of Les Misérables, which had been severely truncated in the 1940s for easier distribution  In 1977, shortly after the broadcast of a nearly complete version on French television, Bernard died at age 86 Raymond Bernard was an Officer of the Legion of Honour 

Filmography (as director)
Le Ravin sans fond (1917) (co-directed with Jacques Feyder)
Le Traitement du hoquet (1917)
Le Gentilhomme commerçant (1918)
Le Petit Café (1919) (The Little Café)
Le Secret de Rosette Lambert (1920) (The Secret of Rosette Lambert)
La Maison vide (1921)
Triplepatte (1922)
L'Homme inusable (1923)
Grandeur et Décadence (1923)
Le Costaud des Épinettes (1923)
Le Miracle des loups (1924) (The Miracle of the Wolves)
Le Joueur d'échecs (1927) (The Chess Player)
Tarakanova (1930)
Faubourg Montmartre (1931) (Montmartre)
Les Croix de bois (1932) (Wooden Crosses)
Les Misérables (1934)
Tartarin de Tarascon (1934)
Amants et Voleurs (1935) (Lovers and Thieves)
Anne-Marie (1936)
Le Coupable (1937) (Culprit)
Marthe Richard au service de la France (1937)
J'étais une aventurière (1938) (I Was an Adventuress)
Les Otages (1939) (The Mayor's Dilemma)
Cavalcade d'amour (1940) (Love Cavalcade)
Un ami viendra ce soir (1946) (A Friend Will Come Tonight)
Adieu chérie (1946) (Goodbye Darling)
Maya (1949)
Le Cap de l'espérance (1951) (The Cape of Hope)
Le Jugement de Dieu (1952) (Judgement of God)
La Dame aux camélias (1953) (Lady of the Camelias)
La Belle de Cadix (1953) (The Beauty of Cadiz)
Les Fruits de l'été (1955) (Fruits of Summer)
Le Septième Commandement (1957) (The Seventh Commandment)
Le Septième Ciel (1958) (Seventh Heaven)
Passage 7:
Deepak Sareen
Deepak Sareen is a Bollywood film director and assistant director  His first film as director was Ranbhoomi and last film as director was Albela 

As assistant director
Deewaar (1975)
Kabhi Kabhi (1976)
Doosra Aadmi (1977)
Silsila (1981)
Mashaal (1984)
Faasle (1985)

As director
Ranbhoomi (1991)
Aaina (1993)
Gaddaar (1995)
Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai (1998)
Albela (2001)

External links
Deepak Sareen at IMDb
Passage 8:
Ringo-en no shōjo
Ringo-en no shōjo (リンゴ園の少女, Ringo-en no shōjo, lit  "Girl of Apple Park") is a 1952 black and white Japanese film directed by Koji Shima The art director was Tomoo Shimogawara 

Cast
Hibari Misora as Marumi
Akihiko Katayama
Kokuten Kōdō
Yōko Kosono as Yoko Kozono
Koji Mitsui
Hideaki Miura
Bontarō Miyake as Bontaro Miake
Zeko Nakamura as Zekō Nakamura
Takeshi Sakamoto
Isao Yamagata
So Yamamura

See also
List of films in the public domain in the United States
Passage 9:
Henry Moore (cricketer)
Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand 

Life and family
Henry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849  He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch  One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted  Their great 
grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805  One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch  He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son  In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 
Passage 10:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 



ground_truth: Marie of Hohenstaufen

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film whose director was born first, The Abduction Club or Wooden Crosses?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: 

Art collection and auction
At the suggestion of Brody's father and her stepmother, medical philanthropist Mary Lasker, she and Sidney began collecting art  Through her work with the UCLA Art Council, which was founded in the early 1950s, she fell in love with a Henry Moore sculpture  "Sid put it under the Christmas tree  And well, by then I guess we were hooked," she told the Los Angeles Times in 1969 With her late husband, Sidney, she played a major role in the launch of LACMA, which opened in 1965, and for many years was a force on the UCLA Art Council, which she helped found and served as president  Under her leadership, the council mounted an important exhibition on the works of Pablo Picasso for his 80th birthday in 1961  She was the catalyst for a major Matisse retrospective at UCLA in 1966 that, with its unprecedented loans from the Matisse family, was what Los Angeles Times critic Henry J  Seldis called "one of the most ambitious exhibitions ever organized locally "
Brody was a member of the Huntington's board of overseers for 20 years, playing a crucial early role in the development of its Chinese garden Sotheby's and Christie's competed for four months for the auction with an original estimated value of $150 million  The Brody collection was a huge success, totaling $224 17 million  Because Brody was passionate about gardens, some of the sale’s proceeds were to go to the Huntington Library A Picasso painting, Nu au Plateau de Sculpteur (Nude, Green Leaves and Bust), was the jewel of the collection and estimated to bring more than $80 million  The painting sold for a $95 million bid, which with the sale charge raised the full price to $106 48 million  Painted in rich blues, pinks and greens, it depicts the artist’s mistress Marie-Thérèse Walter asleep naked; above her, a bust of her head rests on a pedestal  The couple bought the painting from Paul Rosenberg, a New York dealer, who acquired it from Picasso in 1936  Picasso painted several canvases of Marie-Thérèse Walter that year, including Le Rêve, (The Dream), which belongs to the casino owner Stephen A  Wynn A bust by Alberto Giacometti, Grande tête mince (1954), was expected to sell for $25 million to $35 million  His bronze La main (1948) sold for $25 million  The bronze figure of a cat by Giacometti, cast in 1955, sold for $20 8 million Georges Braque’s La Treille set a world record for the painter at $10 16 million  A Marino Marini bronze of a rider, Piccolo cavaliere, followed at $2 32 million, also more than the highest estimate  Picasso’s Femme au chat assise dans un fauteuil, painted in 1964, sold for $18 million In 1951, the Brodys purchased Camille Pissarro’s “Rue Saint-Honoré, dans l’après-midi  Effet de pluie” from the Frank Perls Gallery  The Pissarro is the object of a long-running claim for restitution for Nazi-looted art  The Pissarro had been acquired by the Nazi appraiser Jackob Scheidwimmer from Lilly Cassirer and her husband Otto Neubauer, seized by the Gestapo, and auctioned at a Nazi auction before being smuggled from Germany to California and sold at the Frank Perls Gallery  The Brodys resold the Pissarro via Knoedler in 1952 and, after more transactions it ended up via the Stephen Hahn Gallery in the collection of  Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza 

House
In 1949, the couple commissioned a modernist house in Holmby Hills by architect A  Quincy Jones and interior designer William Haines  The house combined two fashionable contemporary styles: California mid-century Modernist architecture and sophisticated Hollywood Moderne décor  The house became a gathering spot for a cross-section of the city's elite, from old Los Angeles families such as the Chandlers to Hollywood icons Gary Cooper and Joan Crawford and also served as a showcase for a stunning art collection Shortly after the house was completed, the Brodys commissioned Henri Matisse in 1952 to execute a massive ceramic-tile wall mural, one of few the artist ever made, for their courtyard  In 1953 they traveled to France to review his preliminary maquette  The story of Frances’s polite resistance to Matisse’s first cut-out design and how she persuaded the artist to provide alternatives is now legend  Matisse eventually created a 12-by-11-foot ceramic-tile wall mural for the courtyard  It was later donated to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art The Brody House was listed for sale in May 2010 for $24 95 million, the same week the Brody's art collection hit the auction block at Christie's in New York  The 11,500-square-foot (1,070 m2) home at 360 South Mapleton Drive, next door to the Playboy Mansion, sits on 2 3 acres (9,300 m2) and includes a tennis court and a pool with a guesthouse  It was designed with a modernist décor that includes a floating staircase and floor-to-ceiling glass windows that create an indoor-outdoor living space considered cutting edge at the time The Brody House was sold for $14 8 million in late December 2010  The investor/owner spent three years working with the Los Angeles Conservancy to restore the house  In 2014, Ellen DeGeneres bought the house for $39 888 million in an off-market deal 
Passage 8:
David Scotus
David Scotus was a Gaelic chronicler who died in 1139 

Biography
His date of birth is unknown  Early in the twelfth century there was at Würzburg an ecclesiastic and teacher known as David  His surname Scotus shows that he was probably a Gael from either Ireland or Scotland, if he is identical with the homonymous  Bishop of Bangor, from Wales (see below) 
According to Ekkehard's Chronicon, Emperor Henry V received him, was charmed with his virtue and knowledge, and made him one of the imperial chaplains  With other scholars, David accompanied Henry on his expedition to Italy in 1110, and was appointed royal historiographer for the occasion with the intention, perhaps, of drafting the emperor's relatio, a brief narrative stringing together the documents of the intended treaty and presenting his master's achievements in the best light  The expedition did not go to plan, with the incumbent Pope Pascal II at first refusing to crown Henry and his wife, Matilda, relenting only after two months of imprisonment  The work written by David has been lost, although it was used as authority in the writings of William of Malmesbury and Ordericus Vitalis He died in 1139 

Writings
His work in three books is now known only from excerpts of it in later historians, especially in Ekkehard and William of Malmesbury  The latter says that David described the expedition with partiality for the king 

Possibly identical homonym
A certain David was consecrated Bishop of Bangor in Wales, 4 April 1120; according to Malmesbury he was none other than the chaplain David Scotus  As bishop he took part in several English synods, and probably died in 1139, since his successor was then consecrated  But it is not easy to reconcile with the foregoing, the statement of the later historian Trithemius, that David became a monk under St  Macharius in the monastery of St  James in Würzburg, as this abbey was not founded until 1140 

See also
Aaron Scotus (died 1052)
Blessed Marianus Scotus (died circa 1088)
Joseph Scottus (died near 800), Irish deacon, scholar, diplomat, poet, and ecclesiastic
Johannes Scotus Eriugena (circa 815–877), Irish theologian
Marianus Scotus (circa 1028–1082), Irish monk
Marianus Scotus (died c  1088), Irish abbot of St Peter's at Ratisbon (Regensburg)
Sedulius Scottus (9th century), Irish teacher, grammarian and Scriptural commentator

Notes
Sources
 Herbermann, Charles, ed  (1913)  "David Scotus"  Catholic Encyclopedia  New York: Robert Appleton Company 

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed  (1913)  Catholic Encyclopedia  New York: Robert Appleton Company  {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
Passage 9:
Nathanael Salmon
Nathanael (or Nathaniel) Salmon (22 March 1675 – 2 April 1742) was an English antiquary who wrote books on Roman and other antiquities to be found in the south-east of England  He was not well respected as a scholar in his time or subsequently, but he was industrious and well travelled, and he recorded many local customs and much folklore 

Early life
Nathanael Salmon was born on 22 March 1675 at Meppershall Rectory, Bedfordshire, the eldest son of Thomas Salmon, the Rector, and his wife Katherine Bradshaw  He was educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (LLB, 1695) 

Career
Salmon was ordained a priest in 1699, but refused to swear allegiance to Queen Anne in 1702 and thereby reject the son of King James II  He resigned as a curate and worked for a time as a physician  He rejected the offer of a parish in Suffolk, although it paid a stipend of £140 a year Salmon wrote a number of books on local history, collecting folklore and detailing local customs, and he "could turn a pungent phrase " He travelled extensively in England, carefully observing landscape and recording what he was told of the folklore, as well as current life and conditions  His histories are considered inaccurate, but he usefully published much manuscript material 

Death
Salmon died in London on 2 April 1742, leaving three daughters  He was buried at St Dunstan in the West, London 5 April 1742 

Works
The History of Hertfordshire, describing the county and its ancient monuments, particularly the Roman, Richardson, London, 1728 
A New Survey of England, wherein the Defects of Camden are supplied &c, 11 parts, 1728–1729 
The Lives of the English Bishops from the Restauration to the Revolution, 1731–1733 
Antiquities of Surrey, collected from the most ancient records, London, 1736 
The History and Antiquities of Essex, 1740 

See also
Henry Chauncy
Passage 10:
Muiredach Ua hÉnlainge
Muiredach Ua hÉnlainge was a Bishop of Clonfert who died in 1117 



ground_truth: Wooden Crosses