prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which song came out first, Joel The Lump Of Coal or Jugband Blues?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Cumulus (disambiguation)
Cumulus is a type of cloud with the appearance of a lump of cotton wool 
Cumulus may also refer to:

Computing and technology
Cumulus (software), digital asset management software developed by Canto Software
Cumulus Corporation, a defunct computer hardware company
Cumulus Networks, a computer software company

Gliders
Reinhard Cumulus, glider
US Aviation Cumulus, motorglider

Other uses
Cumulus Media, a radio broadcasting company
Cumulus oophorus, cells which surround a human egg after fertilisation
Passage 2:
Lump of labour fallacy
In economics, the lump of labour fallacy is the misconception that there is a finite amount of work—a lump of labour—to be done within an economy which can be distributed to create more or fewer jobs  It was considered a fallacy in 1891 by economist David Frederick Schloss, who held that the amount of work is not fixed The term originated to rebut the idea that reducing the number of hours employees are allowed to labour during the working day would lead to a reduction in unemployment  The term is also commonly used to describe the belief that increasing labour productivity, immigration, or automation causes an increase in unemployment  Whereas opponents of immigration argue that immigrants displace a country's workers, this is a fallacy, as the number of jobs in the economy is not fixed and immigration increases the size of the economy and may increase productivity, innovation, and overall economic activity, as well as reduce incentives for off-shoring and business closures, thus creating more jobs The lump of labor fallacy is also known as the lump of jobs fallacy, fallacy of labour scarcity, fixed pie fallacy, and the zero-sum fallacy—due to its ties to zero-sum games  The term "fixed pie fallacy" is also used more generally to refer to the idea that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world  This and other zero-sum fallacies can be caused by zero-sum bias 

Immigration
The lump of labour fallacy has been applied to concerns around immigration and labour  Given a fixed availability of employment, the lump of labour position argues that allowing immigration of working-age people reduces the availability of work for native-born workers ("they are taking our jobs") However, skilled immigrating workers can bring capabilities that are not available in the native workforce, for example in academic research or information technology  Additionally, immigrating workforces also create new jobs by expanding demand, thus creating more jobs, either directly by setting up businesses (therefore requiring local services or workers), or indirectly by raising consumption  As an example, a greater population that eats more groceries will increase demand from shops, which will therefore require additional shop staff 

Employment regulations
Advocates of restricting working hours regulation may assume that there is a fixed amount of work to be done within the economy  By reducing the amount that those who are already employed are allowed to work, the remaining amount will then accrue to the unemployed  This policy was adopted by the governments of Herbert Hoover in the United States and Lionel Jospin in France, in the 35-hour working week (though in France various exemptions to the law were granted by later centre-right governments) Many economists agree that such proposals are likely to be ineffective, because there are usually substantial administrative costs associated with employing more workers  These can include additional costs in recruitment, training, and management that would increase average cost per unit of output  This overall would lead to a reduced production per worker, and may even result in higher unemployment 

Early retirement
Early retirement has been used to induce workers to accept termination of employment before retirement age following the employer's diminished labour needs  Government support for the practice has come from the belief that this should lead to a reduction in unemployment  The unsustainability of this practice has now been recognised, and the trend in Europe is now towards postponement of the retirement age In an editorial in The Economist a thought experiment is proposed in which old people leave the workforce in favour of young people, on whom they become dependent for their living through state benefits  It is then argued that since growth depends on having either more workers or greater productivity, the society cannot really become more prosperous by paying an increasing number of its citizens unproductively  The article also points out that even early retirees with private pension funds become a burden on society as they also depend on equity and bond income generated by workers 

Arguments in favor of the concept
There have been critiques of the idea that the concept is a fallacy  Arguments include that Schloss' concept is misapplied to working hours and that he was originally critiquing workers intentionally restricting their output, that prominent economists like John Maynard Keynes believed shorter working hours could allieviate unemployment, and that claims of it being a fallacy are used to argue against proposals for shorter working hours without addressing the non-economic arguments for them 

See also
Indivisibility of labour
Labour (economics)
Luddite fallacy
Parable of the broken window
Working time
Zero-sum bias
Passage 3:
The Lump of Coal
The Lump of Coal is a Christmas short story written by Lemony Snicket and illustrated by Brett Helquist  Originally published in the December 10–12, 2004 issue of the now-defunct magazine USA Weekend, it was re-released as a stand-alone book in 2008  It is meant to parody traditional children's Christmas stories, à la the 1823 poem 'Twas the Night Before Christmas  Though illustrated and relatively short, the book uses vocabulary above that of most children, including the term objets d'art  Many elements of the story are easily recognizable as Snicket-esque to A Series of Unfortunate Events readers, including a culturally intelligent and talented protagonist who is dismissed by many a mumpsimus 

Plot summary
It is Christmas time  A living lump of coal falls off a barbecue grill  He wishes for a miracle to happen  The lump of coal is artistic and wants to be an artist  He goes in search of something  First, he finds an art gallery that, he believes, shows art by lumps of coal  But when he comes in, he sadly discovers the art is by humans who use lumps of coal  He then finds a Korean restaurant called Mr  Wong's Korean Restaurant and Secretarial School, but he goes in and discovers that all things used must be 100% Korean (although the owner does not use a Korean name or proper Korean spices)  The lump of coal continues down the street and runs into a man dressed like Santa Claus  The lump of coal tells the man about his problem, and the man gets an idea  He suggests he put the lump of coal in Jasper (his bratty son)'s stocking  The son finds it and is ecstatic; he has wanted to make art with coal  So he makes portraits and he and the lump of coal become rich  They move to Korea and open an authentic Korean restaurant, and have a gallery of their art 

See also
Lemony Snicket bibliography
Passage 4:
Energy value of coal
The energy value of coal, or fuel content, is the amount of potential energy coal contains that can be converted into heat  This value can be calculated and compared with different grades of coal and other combustible materials, which produce different amounts of heat according to their grade 
While chemistry provides ways of calculating the heating value of a certain amount of a substance, there is a difference between this theoretical value and its application to real coal  The grade of a sample of coal does not precisely define its chemical composition, so calculating the coal's actual usefulness as a fuel requires determining its proximate and ultimate analysis (see "Chemical Composition" below) 

Chemical composition
Chemical composition of the coal is defined in terms of its proximate and ultimate (elemental) analyses  The parameters of proximate analysis are moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon  Elemental or ultimate analysis encompasses the quantitative determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen within the coal  Additionally, specific physical and mechanical properties of coal and particular carbonization properties 
The calorific value Q of coal [kJ/kg] is the heat liberated by its complete combustion with oxygen  Q is a complex function of the elemental composition of the coal  Q can be determined experimentally using calorimeters  Dulong suggests the following approximate formula for Q when the oxygen content is less than 10%: 

Q = 337C + 1442(H - O/8) + 93S,where C is the mass percent of carbon, H is the mass percent of hydrogen, O is the mass percent of oxygen, and S is the mass percent of sulfur in the coal   With these constants, Q is given in kilojoules per kilogram 

See also
Coal assay techniques
Energies per unit mass
Heat of combustion
Passage 5:
Jugband Blues
"Jugband Blues" is a song by the English psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd, released on their second album, A Saucerful of Secrets, in 1968  Written by Syd Barrett, it was his sole compositional contribution to the album, as well as his last published for the band  Barrett and Pink Floyd's management wanted the song to be released as a single, but were vetoed by the rest of the band and producer Norman Smith  "Jugband Blues" is directed towards anyone within Barrett's proximity 

Background and recording
"Jugband Blues" was written around the same time as "Vegetable Man"  Both songs contain the same cynical humour, but while on "Vegetable Man" Barrett focuses his humour on himself, on "Jugband Blues" it is directed towards those around him "Jugband Blues" was either wholly or partly  recorded on 19 October 1967 at De Lane Lea Studios  The interview with producer Norman Smith, recorded for the DVD documentary Meddle: A Classic Album Under Review (2007), suggests that at least two separate recording 
sessions took place  The first session was evidently to record the basic Pink Floyd band track, which was possibly cut at EMI's Abbey Road Studios, since Smith clearly states in the interview that he was unable to use Abbey Road for the brass band session, and was obliged to book De Lane Lea Studios in Holborn instead  Smith's description of the De Lane Lea session implies that it was specifically booked to overdub the brass band onto an existing band track, and he makes no mention of the other members of the group, suggesting that only Barrett and the members of the brass band were present for this overdub session 
According to Smith, it had been his initial idea to add a brass arrangement to the basic track, which led Barrett to suggest using a Salvation Army band  Smith recalled that after some considerable effort he was able to contract the eight-piece Salvation Army International Staff Band for the session, which was booked from 7pm to 10pm, but Barrett was almost an hour late arriving  Smith then invited Barrett to outline his musical ideas for the ensemble, but Syd told them he wanted them to simply "play whatever they want" regardless of the rest of the group  Dismayed, Smith had to insist on scored parts, and he was obliged to sketch out an arrangement himself -- according to his account, Barrett walked out of the studio shortly afterwards and did not return  In the interview Smith also specifically mentions playing an existing version of the track for the brass players, to give them some idea of what they were expected to play  About The Salvation Army, band manager Andrew King said that Barrett "wanted a massive Salvation Army freak-out, but that's the only time I can remember Norman [Smith] putting his foot down " The song features a distinctive three-tiered structure: starting off in 34 meter, then into 24 and finishing off in 44 

Video
The promotional video for the song was filmed in December 1967, for the Central Office of Information in London  The video was supposed to be about Britain, and was meant to be distributed in the US and Canada  The video features Barrett (shown with an acoustic guitar for the first time) and the group miming to the song in a more conventional stage setting, with psychedelic projections in the background  The original audio to the promo is lost, and most versions use the BBC recording from late 1967, consequently causing sync issues most evident as Barrett sings the opening verse  The original film was considered to be lost, until it was re-discovered in the Manchester Arts Lab in 1999  Barrett and Waters first watched the promo video during the second week of December 1967 

Reception
In a contemporary negative review for A Saucerful of Secrets, Jim Miller of Rolling Stone asserts that ‘Jugband Blues’ "hardly does any credit to Barrett's credentials as a composer "

Legacy
Barrett, along with Pink Floyd's managers, Peter Jenner and King, wanted to release the song as a single in the new year, before being vetoed by both the band and Norman Smith  Jenner said that "Jugband Blues", along with two others that Syd wrote around this time, ("Scream Thy Last Scream" and "Vegetable Man") were "amazing songs " When compared to "Bike" and "The Scarecrow", Jenner said "You think, 'Well, OK, those are all right, but these are powerful disturbing art ' I wouldn't want anyone to have to go as mad and disturbed as Syd did to get that, but if you are going to go that disturbed give me something like that  That's great art " Jenner had also called "Jugband Blues" "an extraordinary song, the ultimate self-diagnosis on a state of schizophrenia, [and] the portrait of a nervous breakdown "Barrett, by the beginning of the recording sessions for A Saucerful of Secrets, was already shrinking into a delirious state of mind, exacerbated by his feelings of alienation from the rest of the band  The common interpretation of the lyrics is that they reflect his schizophrenia and it has been argued that they could also be read as a criticism of the other band members for forcing him out  King said of the song: "The most alienated, extraordinary lyrics  It's not addressed to the band, it's addressed to the whole world  He was completely cut off " Jenner said "I think every psychiatrist should be made to listen to those songs ["Jugband Blues", "Scream Thy Last Scream" and "Vegetable Man"]  I think they should be part of the curriculum of every medical college along with those Van Gogh paintings like The Crows ""Jugband Blues" is one of two songs (the other being "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun") from A Saucerful of Secrets that were later included on the compilation album Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd  The song was preceded on the compilation by "Wish You Were Here", with lyrics by Roger Waters written in tribute to Barrett  The band 
Opal released a cover of the song on the Barrett tribute album Beyond the Wildwood in 1987 

Personnel
Syd Barrett – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, lead vocals
Richard Wright – Farfisa organ, tin whistle
Roger Waters – bass guitar
Nick Mason – drums, castanets, kazoowith:

The Salvation Army International Staff BandRay Bowes (cornet), Terry Camsey (cornet), Mac Carter (trombone), Les Condon (E♭ bass), Maurice Cooper (euphonium), Ian Hankey (trombone), George Whittingham (B♭ bass), plus one other uncredited musician 
Passage 6:
High Coal, West Virginia
High Coal or Highcoal is an unincorporated community and coal town located in Boone County, West Virginia, United States 
Passage 7:
The Lump
The Lump is a short animated film released in 1991  It tells the story of an unattractive and unpopular man named George  One day, a lump appears on his head that looks like an attractive face  By pretending the lump is his real face, he gains fame and fortune, but soon he gets into trouble when he enters into the company of several corrupt politicians 
A National Film Board of Canada film, The Lump was written and directed by John Weldon  Harvey Atkin contributed the voice  It was nominated for the Genie Award for Best Animated Short at the 13th Genie Awards in 1992, and won the Gordon Bruce Award for Humor at the Ottawa International Animation Festival in that year 
Passage 8:
Joel the Lump of Coal
"Joel the Lump of Coal" is a song by Las Vegas-based rock band The Killers featuring late night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel  It was released on December 1, 2014  The song marks the ninth consecutive year in which the band has released a Christmas song  As with their previous Christmas releases, all proceeds from this song go to AIDS charities as part of the Product Red campaign   The song's announcement and debut occurred on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, where the music video and a montage about the recording process aired 

Music video
The animated music video first aired on Jimmy Kimmel Live! (December 1, 2014)   The style of the video is similar to that of the stop motion animated Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964) and other Rankin/Bass Productions holiday-themed films in digital collage form   The song tells the story of Joel, a lump of coal living at the North Pole  Joel is excited when Santa chooses him to be a child's present, but he is disappointed to learn that instead of being a special gift, Santa is taking him to a naughty boy for Christmas  Joel reluctantly accepts his fate, but he soon realizes that he is just the present the naughty boy needs to help him change his ways  At the end, selfless Joel turns himself into a diamond to make the naughty boy happy The song is written by Jimmy Kimmel, Jonathan Bines, and the Killers (Flowers, Keuning, Vannucci and Stoermer) with additional material by Tony Barbieri  The video is directed by Jonathan Kimmel, produced by Jennifer Sharron, and edited by Jason Bielski  The animation is by Sean Michael Solomon, Julian Petschek, Jonathan Kimmel, Jesse Griffith and Patrick Campbell, with Bernd Reinhardt as Director of Photography and Jim Alario as cameraman  The sound mix was recorded at Henson Studios, with field sound recorded by Brian Angely and Todd JeanPierre 

Track listing
Digital Download"Joel the Lump of Coal" – 3:58

Charts
Passage 9:
Ministry of Coal
The Ministry of Coal is an Indian government ministry headquartered in New Delhi  The portfolio is held by Cabinet Minister Pralhad Joshi 
The Ministry of Coal is charged with exploration of coal and lignite reserves in India, production, supply, distribution and price of coal through the government-owned corporations Coal India Limited and its subsidiaries, as well as Neyveli Lignite Corporation The Ministry of Coal also manages the Union Government's 49 percent equity participation in Singareni Collieries Company, a public sector undertaking that is a joint venture with Government of Telangana  in which equity is held partly by the State Government of Telangana (51%) and the Government of India 

Ministers of Coal
List of Ministers of State
Organisations
Central Public Sector Undertakings
Coal India
Neyveli Lignite Corporation

Statutory Bodies
Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation (CMPFO)
Coal Mines Welfare Organisation
Commissioner Of Payments
COAL CONTROLLER'S ORGANIZATION (CCO)

Functions And Responsibilities
The Ministry of Coal is responsible for development and exploitation of coal and lignite reserves in India  The subjects allocated to the Ministry which include attached and sub-ordinate or other organisations including PSUs concerned with their subjects under the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961, as amended from time to time, are as follows:

Exploration and development of coking coal and non-coking coal and lignite deposits in India
All matters relating to production, supply, distribution and prices of coal
Development and operation of coal washeries other than those for which Department of Steel (ISPAT Vibhag) is responsible
Low-Temperature carbonisation of coal and production of synthetic oil from coal
Administration of the Coal Mines (Conservation and Development) Act, 1974 (28 of 1974)
The Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation
The Coal Mines Welfare Organisation
Administration of the Coal Mines Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1948 (46 of 1948)
Administration of the Coal Mines Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1947 (32 of 1947)
Rules under the Mines Act, 1952 (32 of 1952) for the levy and collection of duty of excise on coke and coal produced and dispatched from mines and administration of rescue fund
Administration of the Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act, 1957 (20 of 1957)
Passage 10:
Singles: Individually Wrapped
Singles: Individually Wrapped is a greatest hits album by Odds, released in 2000  The album contains singles from all four of the band's studio albums, as well as a rendition of the Christmas song "Kings of Orient" which the band recorded for the 1991 Christmas compilation A Lump of Coal 

Track listing
"Someone Who's Cool" (3:17)
"Truth Untold" (3:55)
"It Falls Apart" (3:38)
"Love Is the Subject" (4:43)
"Jackhammer" (long version) (4:20)
"Satisfied" (3:00)
"Nothing Beautiful" (3:06)
"Eat My Brain" (4:26)
"Make You Mad" (4:07)
"Wendy Under the Stars" (4:15)
"Yes (Means It's Hard to Say No)" (single remix) (3:14)
"I Would Be Your Man" (3:26)
"King of the Heap" (single remix) (3:57)
"Heterosexual Man" (3:32)
"Mercy to Go" (5:18)
"Kings of Orient (We Three Kings)" (4:26)
Context 3: Passage 1:
Thulasi (1987 film)
Thulasi is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Ameerjan  The film stars Murali and Seetha  It was released on 27 November 1987 

Plot
Thirunavukarasu is considered as a God by his villagers  Nevertheless, his son Sammadham is an atheist and he doesn't believe in his father's power  Sammadham and Ponni, a low caste girl, fall in love with each other  Sammadham's best friend Siva, a low caste boy, passes the Master of Arts degree successfully  Thirunavukarasu's daughter Thulasi then develops a soft corner for Siva 
Thirunavukarasu cannot accept for his son Sammadham's marriage with Ponni due to caste difference  Sammadham then challenges him to marry her  Thirunavukarasu appoints henchmen to kill her and Ponni is found dead the next day in the water  In the meantime, Siva also falls in love with Thulasi  The rest of the story is what happens to Siva and Thulasi 

Cast
Murali as Sivalingam "Siva"
Seetha as Thulasi
Chandrasekhar as Sammadham
Major Sundarrajan as Thirunavukarasu
Senthil
Charle as Khan
Thara as Ponni
Mohanapriya as Sarasu
Vathiyar Raman
A  K  Veerasamy as Kaliyappan

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Sampath Selvam, with lyrics written by Vairamuthu 

Reception
The Indian Express gave a negative review calling it "thwarted love" 
Passage 2:
Querelle
Querelle is a 1982 West German-French English-language arthouse film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and starring Brad Davis, adapted from French author Jean Genet's 1947 novel Querelle of Brest  It was Fassbinder's last film, released shortly after his death at the age of 37 

Plot
The plot centers on the handsome Belgian sailor Georges Querelle, who is also a thief and murderer  When his ship, Le Vengeur, arrives in Brest, he visits the Feria, a bar and brothel for sailors run by the Madame Lysiane, whose lover, Robert, is Querelle's brother  Querelle has a love/hate relationship with his brother: when they meet at La Feria, they embrace, but also punch one another slowly and repeatedly in the belly  Lysiane's husband Nono works behind the bar and also manages La Feria's underhanded affairs with the assistance of his friend, the corrupt police captain Mario 
Querelle makes a deal to sell opium to Nono  During the execution of the deal, he murders his accomplice Vic by slitting his throat   After delivering the drugs, Querelle announces that he wants to sleep with Lysiane   He knows that this means he will have to throw dice with Nono, who has the privilege of playing a game of chance with all of her prospective lovers  If Nono loses, the suitor is allowed to proceed with his affair  If the suitor loses, however, he must submit to anal sex with Nono first, according to Nono's maxim that "That way, I can say my wife only sleeps with arseholes " Querelle deliberately loses the game, allowing himself to be sodomized by Nono  When Nono gloats about Querelle's "loss" to Robert, who won his dice game, the brothers end up in a violent fight   Later, Querelle becomes Lysiane's lover, and also has sex with Mario 
Luckily for Querelle, a builder, Gil, murders his work mate Theo, who had been harassing and sexually assaulting him   Gil hides from the police in an abandoned prison, and Roger, who is in love with Gil, establishes contact between Querelle and Gil in the hopes that Querelle can help Gil flee  Querelle falls in love with Gil, who closely resembles his brother   Gil returns his affections, but Querelle betrays Gil by tipping off the police  Querelle cleverly arranged it so that the murder of Vic is also blamed on Gil 
Querelle's superior, Lieutenant Seblon, is in love with Querelle, and constantly tries to prove his manliness to him  Seblon is aware that Querelle murdered Vic, but chooses to protect him   Later, Seblon reveals his love and concern to a drunken Querelle, and they kiss and embrace before returning to Le Vengeur 

Cast
Brad Davis as Querelle
Franco Nero as Lieutenant Seblon
Jeanne Moreau as Lysiane
Laurent Malet as Roger Bataille
Hanno Pöschl as Robert / Gil
Günther Kaufmann as Nono
Burkhard Driest as Mario
Roger Fritz as Marcellin
Dieter Schidor as Vic Rivette
Natja Brunckhorst as Paulette
Werner Asam as Worker
Axel Bauer as Worker
Neil Bell as Theo
Robert van Ackeren as Drunken legionnaire
Wolf Gremm as Drunken legionnaire
Frank Ripploh as Drunken legionnaire

Production
According to Genet's biographer Edmund White, Querelle was originally going to be made by Werner Schroeter, with a scenario by Burkhard Driest, and produced by Dieter Schidor  However, Schidor could not find the money to finance a film by Schroeter, and therefore turned to other directors, including John Schlesinger and Sam Peckinpah, before finally settling on Fassbinder  Driest wrote a radically different script for Fassbinder, who then "took the linear narrative and jumbled it up"  White quotes Schidor as saying "Fassbinder did something totally different, he took the words of Genet and tried to meditate on something other than the story  The story became totally unimportant for him  He also said publicly that the story was a sort of third-rate police story that wouldn't be worth making a movie about without putting a particular moral impact into it" Schroeter had wanted to make a black and white film with amateur actors and location shots, but Fassbinder instead shot it with professional actors in a lurid, expressionist color, and on sets in the studio  Edmund White comments that the result is a film in which, "Everything is bathed in an artificial light and the architectural elements are all symbolic "

Soundtrack
Jeanne Moreau – "Each Man Kills the Things He Loves" (music by Peer Raben, lyrics from Oscar Wilde's poem "The Ballad of Reading Gaol")
"Young and Joyful Bandit" (Music by Peer Raben, lyrics by Jeanne Moreau)Both songs were nominated to the 1984 Razzie Awards for "Worst Original Song" 

Release
Querelle sold more than 100,000 tickets in the first three weeks after its release in Paris, the first time that a film with a gay theme had achieved such success  On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, which categorizes reviews as positive or negative only, the film has an approval rating of 57% calculated based on 14 critics comments  By comparison, with the same opinions being calculated using a weighted arithmetic mean, the rating is 6 10/10  Writing for The New York Times critic Vincent Canby noted that Querelle was "a mess   a detour that leads to a dead end "
Penny Ashbrook calls Querelle Fassbinder's "perfect epitaph: an intensely personal statement that is the most uncompromising portrayal of gay male sensibility to come from a major filmmaker " Edmund White considers Querelle the only film based on Genet's book that works, calling it "visually as artificial and menacing as Genet's prose " Genet, in discussion with Schidor, said that he had not seen the film, commenting "You can't smoke at the movies



ground_truth: Jugband Blues

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the place of birth of Carrie Watson Fleming's husband?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Jon Leach
Jonathan Leach (born April 18, 1973) is a former professional tennis player from the United States  He is the husband of Lindsay Davenport 

Professional career
Leach, an All-American player at USC, made his Grand Slam debut at the 1991 US Open when he partnered David Witt in the men's doubles  He competed in the doubles at Indian Wells in 1992 with Brian MacPhie and before exiting in the second round they defeated a seeded pairing of Luke Jensen and Laurie Warder  A doubles specialist, his only singles appearance came at Indian Wells in 1994  With Brett Hansen-Dent as his partner, Leach made the second round of the 1995 US Open, with a win over Dutch players Richard Krajicek and Jan Siemerink  At the 1996 US Open, his third and final appearance at the tournament, Leach partnered with his brother Rick  He also played in the mixed doubles, with Amy Frazier  His only doubles title on the ATP Challenger Tour came at Weiden, Germany in 1996 

Personal life
The son of former USC tennis coach Dick Leach, he was brought up in California and went to Laguna Beach High School  Leach married tennis player Lindsay Davenport in Hawaii on April 25, 2003  Their first child, a son named Jagger, was born in 2007  They have had a further three children, all daughters  An investment banker, Leach is also involved in coaching and worked with young American player Madison Keys in the 2015 season  His elder brother, Rick Leach, was also a professional tennis player, who won five Grand Slam doubles titles and reached number one in the world for doubles 

Challenger titles
Doubles: (1)
Passage 2:
Stan Rice
Stanley Travis Rice Jr  (November 7, 1942 – December 9, 2002) was an American poet and artist  He was the husband of author Anne Rice 

Biography
Rice was born in Dallas, Texas, in 1942  He met his future wife Anne O'Brien in high school  They briefly attended North Texas State University together, before marrying in 1961 and moving to San Francisco in 1962, to enroll at San Francisco State University, where they both earned their bachelor's and master's degrees 
Rice was a professor of English and Creative Writing at San Francisco State University  In 1977, he received the Academy of American Poets' Edgar Allan Poe Award for Whiteboy, and in subsequent years was also the recipient of the Joseph Henry Jackson Award, as well as a writing fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts  Rice retired after 22 years as Chairman of the Creative Writing program as well as Assistant Director of the Poetry Center in 1989 It was the death of his and Anne's first child, daughter Michele (1966–1972), at age six of leukemia, which led to Stan Rice becoming a published author  His first book of poems, based on his daughter's illness and death, was titled Some Lamb, and was published in 1975  He encouraged his wife to quit her work as a waitress, cook and theater usher in order to devote herself full-time to her writing, and both eventually encouraged their son, novelist Christopher Rice, to become a published author as well 

Rice, his wife and his son moved to Garden District, New Orleans, in 1988, where he eventually opened the Stan Rice Gallery  In 1989, they purchased the Brevard-Rice House, 1239 First Street, built in 1857 for Albert Hamilton Brevard 
Stan Rice's paintings are represented in the collections of the Ogden Museum of Southern Art and the New Orleans Museum of Art  He had a one-person show at the James W  Palmer Gallery, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York  The Art Galleries of Southeastern Louisiana presented an exhibition of selected paintings in March 2005  Prospective plans are underway to present exhibitions of Rice's paintings at various locations in Mexico In Prism of the Night, Anne Rice said of Stan: "He's a model to me of a man who doesn't look to heaven or hell to justify his feelings about life itself  His capacity for action is admirable  Very early on he said to me, 'What more could you ask for than life itself'?"
Poet Deborah Garrison was Rice's editor at Alfred A  Knopf for his 2002 collection, Red to the Rind, which was dedicated to novelist son Christopher, in whose success as a writer his father greatly rejoiced  Garrison said of Rice: "Stan really attempted to kind of stare down the world, and I admire that "Knopf's Victoria Wilson, who edited Anne's novels and worked with Stan Rice on his 1997 book, Paintings, was particularly impressed by his refusal to sell his artworks, saying, "The great thing about Stan is that he refused to play the game as a painter, and he refused to play the game as a poet "

Personal life
Rice was an atheist 

Death
Stan Rice died of brain cancer at age 60, on December 9, 2002, in New Orleans where he lived and was survived by Anne and Christopher, as well as his mother, Margaret; a brother, Larry; and two sisters, Nancy and Cynthia 
Rice is entombed in Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans 

Poetry collections
Some Lamb (1975)
Whiteboy (1976) (earned the Edgar Allan Poe Award from the Academy of American Poets)
Body of Work (1983)
Singing Yet: New and Selected Poems (1992)
Fear Itself (1997)
The Radiance of Pigs (1999)
Red to the Rind (2002)
False Prophet (2003) (Posthumous)

Poetry video recordings
Two series of recordings – one from 1973 at San Francisco State University and the other from 1996 at the poet's New Orleans home by filmmaker Blair Murphy – capturing Stan Rice reading several of his poems are on the YouTube site dedicated to the poet 

Other books
Paintings (1997)

Footnotes
Notes
Passage 3:
Lucy Fleming
Eve Lucinda "Lucy" Fleming (born 15 May 1947) is a British actress 

Early life and ancestry
Fleming was born in Nettlebed, England  She is the second daughter of actress Celia Johnson and writer Peter Fleming (brother of James Bond author Ian Fleming)  She is a granddaughter of Valentine Fleming, a Conservative Member of Parliament who was killed during World War I in May 1917, and of his widow, Evelyn  Amaryllis Fleming was the actress's half-aunt, fathered by Welsh painter Augustus John during his relationship with Evelyn 
Fleming spent part of her childhood growing up in New Zealand: "My parents packed me off to some friends in New Zealand when I was 16, hoping I would grow up a little and perhaps change my mind about acting  I was quite a tomboy  I ended up at the Bay of Islands, which was just the most beautiful place in the world  I was meant to be looking after the friends' little boy, but I didn't have a clue, and I don't recall doing much of that at all  I loved the country, though "

Career
Fleming is perhaps best known for her role as Jenny Richards in the BBC post-apocalyptic drama series Survivors, which originally aired from 1975 to 1977  Jenny is the only character to appear in both the first and last episodes of the show  
Her numerous credits in other British television series include The Avengers, Lydia Bennet in BBC's 1967 Pride and Prejudice series, Maud Ruthyn on the Season 4 episode "Uncle Silas" of the anthology series Mystery and Imagination, Smiley's People, Mr  Bean, the regular role of Jo in Cold Warrior, the first Helen Wycliffe in Wycliffe, A Dance to the Music of Time, Heartbeat, Rosemary & Thyme and Kingdom  More recently she has appeared on the long running radio soap opera The Archers as Miranda, the depressed wife of minor tycoon Justin Elliot, who is played by her real-life husband 

Personal life
Fleming has been married twice; first to Joseph William Peter Laycock (b  July 1938 – d  14 December 1980) from 1971 to 1980, by whom she had a daughter Flora Laycock (b  16 March 1972 – d  14 December 1980), and two sons Robert Laycock (b  June 1973) and Diggory Laycock (b  December 1975)  Her husband and her daughter, Flora, drowned on 14 December 1980 in a boating accident on the Thames  She married her second husband, the actor Simon Williams, in 1986 Her uncle Ian's literary estate passed to her father Peter after his death  Since Peter's death, Fleming and her sister Kate have controlled Ian Fleming Publications 
Passage 4:
Anne Fleming (writer)
Anne Fleming (born 25 April 1964) is a Canadian fiction writer  Born in Toronto, Ontario, Fleming attended the University of Waterloo, enrolling in a geography program then moving to English studies  In 1991, she moved to British Columbia  She teaches at the University of British Columbia Okanagan campus in Kelowna  She formerly taught at the Victoria School of Writing Her fiction has been published in magazines and anthologies, including Toronto Life magazine, The Journey Prize Stories, and The New Quarterly, where it won a National Magazine Award Her first book, Pool-Hopping and Other Stories, was a finalist at the 1999 Governor General's Awards; it was also a contender for the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize and the Danuta Gleed Award  Her second book is the novel, Anomaly (Raincoast Books 2005) 
Aside from her literary endeavors, Fleming has hosted a radio program, played defense for the Vancouver Voyagers women's hockey team, and also plays the ukulele  She has a partner and child  Fleming's great-grandfather was the mayor of Toronto, and Toronto figures prominently in her writing In 2013 she served alongside Amber Dawn and Vivek Shraya on the jury of the Dayne Ogilvie Prize, a literary award for LGBT writers in Canada, selecting C  E  Gatchalian as that year's winner 

Bibliography
Pool-Hopping and Other Stories, 1998 (ISBN 1-896095-18-6)
Anomaly, 2005 (ISBN 1-55192-831-0)
Gay Dwarves of America, 2012 (ISBN 1897141467)
poemw, 2016 (ISBN 1-897141-76-9)
The Goat, 2017 (ISBN 1-55498-917-5)

See also
List of University of Waterloo people
Passage 5:
Carrie Watson Fleming
Caroline Margaret Watson Fleming (1844–1931) was the wife of former Governor of West Virginia Aretas B  Fleming and served as that state's First Lady from 1890 to 1893 

Biography
Fleming was born on April 29, 1844, at Fairmont, West Virginia, a daughter of Matilda Lamb and James Otis Watson, early coal operators in that region  She attended Mount de Chantal Visitation Academy at Wheeling, West Virginia In September 1865, she married the attorney for oil and gas magnate Johnson N  Camden: Aretas B  Fleming  They had one child, a daughter 
Her husband, Aretas Fleming, served as Governor of West Virginia from 1890-1893  After a shortened three year term as first lady, due to the controversial 1888 election, the Flemings returned to Fairmont, where she played a prominent role in Fairmont's cultural, civic, and religious activities  
In 1916, she signed a memorial from the West Virginia Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage that was sent to the legislature as they considered an amendment to the state constitution to expand the franchise to include women Fleming died at Fairmont on July 19, 1931, at the age of 87  She is buried next to her husband in the Woodlawn Cemetery 
Passage 6:
Stan Marks
Stan Marks is an Australian writer and journalist  He is the husband of Holocaust survivor Eva Marks 

Life
Born in London, Marks moved to Australia aged two  He became a reporter on rural daily papers and then on the State's evening The Herald (Melbourne), reporting and acting as a critic in the Melbourne and Sydney offices  He worked in London, Canada and in New York City for Australian journals  Back in Australia, Stan Marks became Public Relations and Publicity Supervisor for the Australian Broadcasting Commission, looking after television, radio and concerts, including publicity for Isaac Stern, Yehudi Menuhin, Igor Stravinsky, Daniel Barenboim, Maureen Forrester and international orchestras for Radio Australia and the magazine TVTimes  Later he became Public Relations and Publicity Manager for the Australian Tourist Commission, writing articles for newspapers and journals at home and abroad  Marks was also the editor of the Centre News magazine of the Jewish Holocaust Museum and Research Centre for over 16 years He is the author of 14 books, published in Australia, England, United States, Israel and Denmark  He originated and co-wrote MS, a cartoon strip dealing with male-female relationships, which appeared daily in Australian and New Zealand newspapers  Marks wrote the play VIVE LA DIFFERENCE
about male-female relations in the 21st century 
Stan Marks has given radio talks over BBC, CBC (Canada) and Australian Broadcasting Commission and to numerous groups, schools and organisations on many topics, particularly humour in all its forms  He has written much in Australia and overseas about fostering understanding and combating racism, hatred and prejudice, often advocating one united world   He wrote the first article (in the London Stage weekly) suggesting a British Commonwealth Arts Festival and then in various journals world wide  He also was first to suggest an Olympics Arts Festival as a way of possibly bringing the nations closer  A believer in bringing age-youth closer, including advocating, in the New York Times and other journals,  a Youth Council at the United Nations and also later an Australian organization to help young and old to better understand each other and work together 

Merits
Order of Australia for community activities, 2007
Glen Eira Citizen of the Year for community activities
B'nai B'rith Merit award for services to the community

Works
God gave you one face (1966)
Animal Olympics (1972)
Rarua lives in Papua New Guinea (1973)
Malvern sketchbook (1980)
Out & About In Melbourne (1988)
St Kilda heritage sketch book (1995)
Reflections, 20 years 1984-2004 : Jewish Holocaust Museum and Research Centre Melbourne (2004)
Passage 7:
Lam Siu-Por
Lam Siu-por (Chinese: 林兆波; Jyutping: Lam4 Siu6 Bo1; born 28 March 1954) is a Hong Kong mathematician and the husband of Carrie Lam, who served as the fourth Chief Executive of Hong Kong from 2017 to 2022 

Career
Lam earned his doctorate in algebraic topology from the University of Cambridge in 1983, after writing his thesis under the direction of Frank Adams He used to teach at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and had stayed in the UK  Lam also taught short courses at the Capital Normal University in Beijing before his wife announced her candidacy for chief executive in December 2016 

Personal life
With Carrie Lam, Lam Siu-por has two sons, Jeremy and Joshua, both of whom studied in Great Britain He and his two adult sons hold Hong Kong and British nationality, allowing Carrie Lam the ability to move to the UK alongside her family 

Political views
In a closed-door meeting during the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, Carrie Lam said that Lam Siu-por had told her that she would be "condemned by history" During the ceremony of the 20th anniversary of the handover of Macau in 2019, Lam was spotted not clapping and not singing during a group sing-along of the patriotic song "Ode to the Motherland" led by Chinese President and General Secretary of the Communist Party Xi Jinping  This was seen by some as a silent act of support for Hong Kong's pro democracy movement  An editorial compared Lam's behavior to August Landmesser's refusal to perform the Nazi salute with fellow workers during the reign of Nazi Germany 

Research
According to the mathematics review database zbMATH Open , Lam has only one publication so far, published when he was doing his PhD 
Passage 8:
Aretas B  Fleming
Aretas Brooks Fleming (October 15, 1839 – October 13, 1923) was the 8th governor of West Virginia  In 1865, he married Carrie Watson  When he ran as the Democratic nominee in the election of 1888, the election was disputed by the Legislature  In 1890, the Legislature agreed that Fleming had defeated Nathan Goff, Jr  Both Fleming and Goff were sworn in as governor on March 4, 1889 The Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia ruled that outgoing governor Emmanuel Willis Wilson would remain governor; State Senate President Robert S  Carr had claimed authority until the Court reached its decision  In 1890, the Legislature agreed that Fleming had defeated Nathan Goff, Jr  As a result, Fleming did not assume the office until February 6, 1890  He left office in 1893 and continued to practice law, and pursue business interests, specifically in the coal industry  Fleming, along with his brother-in-law Clarence W  Watson, formed many coal companies, and sought to remove their competitors Fleming died on October 13, 1923, in Fairmont, West Virginia  He is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery  A large obelisk marks his grave 

See also
List of governors of West Virginia
Passage 9:
Robert Fleming (footballer)
Robert Fleming (born 11 March 1860) was a Scottish footballer who played as a right winger 

Career
Born in Greenock, Fleming played for hometown club Morton, becoming their first ever international player when he represented Scotland in 1886 
Passage 10:
Andrew Upton
Andrew Upton is an Australian playwright, screenwriter, and director  He has adapted the works of Gorky, Chekhov, Ibsen, and others for London's Royal National Theatre and the Sydney Theatre Company  He wrote the original play Riflemind (2007), which premiered at the Sydney Theatre Company to favourable reviews, with Hugo Weaving starring and Philip Seymour Hoffman directing the London production 
Upton and his wife, the actor Cate Blanchett, are the co-founders of the film production company, Dirty Films, under which Upton served as a producer for the Australian film Little Fish (2005)  Upton and Blanchett became joint artistic directors of the Sydney Theatre Company from 2008 until 2012 

Early life and education
Upton attended The King's School, Parramatta and University of Sydney 

Career
As a playwright, Upton created adaptations of Hedda Gabler, The Cherry Orchard, Cyrano de Bergerac, Don Juan (with Marion Potts), Uncle Vanya, The Maids, Children of the Sun and Platonov for the Sydney Theatre Company (STC) and Maxim Gorky's The Philistines for the Royal National Theatre in London Upton's original play Riflemind opened with Hugo Weaving, playing an ageing rock star planning a comeback, at the Sydney Theatre Company on 5 October 2007, and received a  favourable review in Variety (magazine)  The London production of Riflemind, directed by Philip Seymour Hoffman, opened in 2008, but closed as a result of the financial pressure of the Global Financial Crisis after receiving poor popular press reviews In 2008, Upton and wife Cate Blanchett became joint artistic directors of the Sydney Theatre Company for what became a five-year term Upton and Blanchett formed a film production company, Dirty Films, whose projects include the films Bangers (1999) and Little Fish (2006)  Upton wrote, produced and directed the short, Bangers, which starred Blanchett  Upton shares writing credits for the feature film Gone (2007) Upton wrote the libretto to Alan John's opera Through the Looking Glass, which premiered with the Victorian Opera in Melbourne in May 2008 Upton acted in one of Julian Rosenfeldt's thirteen-part art film, Manifesto (2015) 

Awards and recognition
In June, 2014, Upton was recognised with the Rotary Professional Excellence Award, an award instituted "to honour a person who has demonstrated consistent professional excellence in his or her chosen vocation by contributing to the benefit of the wider community beyond their typical workplace role" 

Personal life
Upton and Blanchett met in Australia in the mid-1990s and married on 29 December 1997  The couple have three sons and one daughter, the latter adopted in 2015  The couple's children appeared with Upton in segment 11 of the 2015 film Manifesto Upton and Blanchett purchased a house in East Sussex, England, in early 2016 
Context 3: "
Passage 3:
Daughter of the Jungle
Daughter of the Jungle may refer to:

Daughter of the Jungle (1949 film), an American adventure film
Daughter of the Jungle (1982 film), an Italian romantic adventure film
Passage 4:
Bomba, the Jungle Boy (film)
Bomba, the Jungle Boy is a 1949 American adventure film directed by Ford Beebe  It was the first in a 12-film series featuring Bomba, a sort of teenage Tarzan, played by Johnny Sheffield, who as a child had played "Boy" in several previous Tarzan films 

Plot
A photographer and his daughter arrive in Africa hoping to capture the local wildlife on film  Instead, they encounter (and never end up photographing) a killer leopard, a swarm of locusts, deadly lion worshippers, and Bomba the Jungle Boy 
Bomba was raised by an aged naturalist, Cody Casson (since deceased)  He now lives beyond the Great Rift  The photographer's daughter, wearing a well-tailored leopard skin, spends most of the film with Bomba, while her father, Commissioner Barnes, and Eli search for her 

Cast
Johnny Sheffield as Bomba
Peggy Ann Garner as Patricia Harlan
Onslow Stevens as George Harland
Charles Irwin as Andy Barnes
Smoki Whitfield as Eli
Martin Wilkins as Mufti

Production
Walter Mirisch had been general manager of Monogram Pictures since 1945  They specialised in low-budget movies, including series of regular characters such as Charlie Chan, Joe Palooka and the Bowery Boys  Mirisch looked at the success of the Tarzan films and remembered the Bomba novels; he thought they might offer material to do a similar type of movie 
In November 1947 Monogram announced they had bought the rights to twenty of the stories  They assigned Walter Mirisch to oversee their production and said they intended to make three Bomba films per year  They were going to be in colour  They were seeking a male actor aged 18 to 20 to star In September 1948 Monogram's president Steve Broidy announced that the studio would make two Bomba films over the following year  (Other series at the studio included Joe Palooka, Charlie Chan and Bowery Boys )Mirisch later claimed he was paid $2,500 a film, and the success of the series launched him as a producer 

Reception
The New York Times called it a "dull flavorless picture about a vest pocket Tarzan " However the movie was a large success relative to its budget 
Passage 5:
Le Masque de la Méduse
Le masque de la Méduse (English: The Mask of Medusa) is a 2009 fantasy horror film directed by Jean Rollin  The film is a modern-day telling of the Greek mythological tale of the Gorgon and was inspired by the 1964 classic Hammer Horror film of the same name and the 1981 cult classic Clash of the Titans  It was Rollin's final film, as the director died in 2010 

Cast
Simone Rollin as la Méduse
Sabine Lenoël as Euryale
Marlène Delcambre as Sthéno
Juliette Moreau as Juliette
Delphine Montoban as Cornelius
Jean-Pierre Bouyxou as le gardien
Bernard Charnacé as le collectionneur
Agnès Pierron as la colleuse d'affiche au Grand-Guignol
Gabrielle Rollin as la petite contrebassiste
Jean Rollin as l'homme qui enterre la tête
Thomas Smith as Thomas

Production
It was thought that Rollin's 2007 film La nuit des horloges was the final film of his career, as he had mentioned in the past  However, in 2009, Rollin began preparation foe Le masque de la Méduse  Rollin originally directed the film as a one-hour short, which was screened at the Cinémathèque de Toulouse, but after the release, Rollin decided to add 20 minutes of additional scenes and then cut the film into two distinct parts, as he did with his first feature, Le Viol du Vampire   The film was shot on location at the Golden Gate Aquarium and Père Lachaise Cemetery, as well as on stage at the Theatre du Grande Guignol, which is where the longest part of the film takes place  It was shot on HD video on a low budget of €150,000  Before the release, it was transferred to 35mm film 

Release
The film was not released theatrically, although it premiered on 19 November 2009 at the 11th edition of the Extreme Cinema Film Festival at the Cinémathèque de Toulouse  As part of "An Evening with Jean Rollin", it was shown as a double feature with Rollin's 2007 film La nuit des horloges 

Home media
No official DVD was released, although for a limited time, a DVD of La masque de la Méduse was included with the first 150 copies of Rollin's book Jean Rollin: Écrits complets Volume 1 
Passage 6:
Sergio Bergonzelli
Sergio Bergonzelli (25 August 1924 – 24 September 2002) was an Italian director, screenwriter, producer and actor 

Life and career
Born in Alba, Cuneo, Bergonzelli graduated in Philosophy, then he started working as an actor with the stage name Siro Carme  After being assistant and second unit director in a number of genre films, in 1960 he made his debut as director and screenwriter with Seven in the Sun  Also a film producer, Bergonzelli was the first to produce Spaghetti Western films entirely shot in Italy  In the 1970s he specialized in the erotic genre 

Selected filmography
Director
'*' denotes he wrote the screenplayActor
Passage 7:
Law of the Jungle (film)
Law of the Jungle is a 1942 American adventure film directed by Jean Yarbrough 

Plot
A singer, Nona Brooks, is stranded at a hotel in Africa because her passport is missing  It turns out enemy agents, in collaboration with hotel owner Simmons, have stolen her papers, then try to use her for their nefarious schemes 
Brooks flees and encounters paleontologist Larry Mason in the jungle  He and his assistant Jefferson Jones give her shelter, then fend off unfriendly natives while Simmons is murdered by the villainous agents  All looks hopeless until the tribal chief turns out to be a reasonable, Oxford-educated man who helps Larry and Nona out of their jam 

Cast
Arline Judge as Nona Brooks
John 'Dusty' King as Larry Mason
Mantan Moreland as Jefferson 'Jeff' Jones
Arthur O'Connell as Simmons
C  Montague Shaw as Sgt  Burke
Guy Kingsford as Constable Whiteside
Laurence Criner as Chief Mojobo - an Oxford Graduate
Victor Kendall as Grozman
Feodor Chaliapin, Jr  as Belts
Martin Wilkins as Bongo

Soundtrack
Arline Judge - "Jungle Moon" (Written by Edward J  Kay as Edward Kay)

External links
Law of the Jungle at IMDb
Law of the Jungle is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
Passage 8:
Bomba and the Jungle Girl
Bomba and the Jungle Girl is a 1952 American adventure film directed by Ford Beebe and starring Johnny Sheffield  It is the eighth film (of 12) in the Bomba, the Jungle Boy film series 

Plot
Bomba decides to find out who his parents were  He starts with Cody Casson's diary and follows the trail to a native village  An ancient blind woman tells him his parents, along the village's true ruler, were murdered by the current chieftain and his daughter  With the aid of an inspector and his daughter, Bomba battles the usurpers in the cave where his parents were buried 

Cast
Johnny Sheffield as Bomba
Karen Sharpe as Linda Ward
Walter Sande as Mr  Ward
Suzette Harbin as Boru
Martin Wilkins as Chief Gamboso
Morris Buchanan as Kokoli
Leonard Mudie as Commissioner Barnes
Don Blackman as Boru's lieutenant
Passage 9:
George Blair (director)
George Blair  (December 6, 1905 – April 19, 1970) was an American film director who worked generally on supporting features including many B-Westerns  Two of his earliest films were British-set thriller films starring C  Aubrey Smith, made for Republic Pictures 

Selected filmography
Director

Secrets of Scotland Yard (1944)
A Sporting Chance (1945)
Scotland Yard Investigator (1945)
Gangs of the Waterfront (1945)
Affairs of Geraldine (1946)
That's My Gal (1947)
The Trespasser (1947)
Exposed (1947)
Madonna of the Desert (1948)
Lightnin' in the Forest (1948)
King of the Gamblers (1948)
Daredevils of the Clouds (1948)
Homicide for Three (1948)
Rose of the Yukon (1949)
Duke of Chicago (1949)
Streets of San Francisco (1949)
Under Mexicali Stars (1950)
Silver City Bonanza (1951)
Secrets of Monte Carlo (1951)
Desert Pursuit (1952)
Perils of the Jungle (1953)
Superman in Scotland Yard (1954)
Sabu and the Magic Ring (1957)
The Hypnotic Eye (1960)

TV series
Adventures of Superman (1953-1958, TV series, 27 episodes
Casey Jones (1957-1958, TV series, 23 episodes)
Highway Patrol (1957, TV series, 2 episodes)
Harbor Command (1958, TV series, 1 episode)
Tales of the Texas Rangers (1958, TV series, 7 episodes)
Death Valley Days (1959, TV series, 1 episode)
Lassie (1959–1960, TV series, 3 episodes)
Bonanza (1960, TV series, 1 episode)
Wanted: Dead or Alive (1960, TV series, 10 episodes)
Stagecoach West (1961, TV series, 2 episodes)
The Littlest Hobo (1963, TV series, 1 episode)
The Adventures of Superboy (1996, TV series)

TV shorts
Beach Patrol (1959, TV short)
The Adventures of Superboy (1961, TV short)

Bibliography
Richards, Jeffrey  Visions of Yesterday  Routledge, 1973 

External links
George Blair at IMDb
Passage 10:
Seven in the Sun
Seven in the Sun (Italian: Gli avventurieri dei Tropici) is a 1960 Italian adventure film written and directed  by Sergio Bergonzelli and starring Frank Latimore and Gianna Maria Canale 

Plot
Cast
Frank Latimore as Frank
Gianna Maria Canale as Libertà
Saro Urzì as  Fernand
John Kitzmiller as  Salvador
Marisa Belli as Jana
Marco Guglielmi
Eduardo Passarelli



ground_truth: Fairmont, West Virginia

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director died later, Seven In The Sun or Daughter Of The Jungle?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: 
Just when Romulus decides to return the money he had on loan to Giovanna, Salvatore with the help of an accomplice decides to break into Franco's jewelry and steal everything  However, he is stopped by Marisa, who explains to Salvatore that there is nothing between her and the young man  Even between Romulus and Annamaria everything is clarified  Romulus and Salvatore understand that what matters is inner wealth 
The marriages of Romulus with Annamaria and of Salvatore with Marisa are then celebrated on the same day, in the same church, that of Piazza Navona, with the same clothes  And also Giovanna finally gets married with Franco 

Cast
Marisa Allasio as  Giovanna
Maurizio Arena as Romolo
Renato Salvatori as Salvatore
Lorella De Luca as Marisa
Alessandra Panaro as Anna Maria
Riccardo Garrone as Franco
Memmo Carotenuto as Alvaro
Gildo Bocci
Marisa Castellani
Carlo Giuffrè
Nino Vingelli
Passage 4:
Poveri milionari
Poveri milionari (internationally released as Poor Millionaires) is a 1959 Italian comedy film directed by Dino Risi  It is the final chapter in the trilogy started with Poveri ma belli 

Cast
Maurizio Arena: Romolo
Renato Salvatori: Salvatore
Alessandra Panaro: Anna Maria
Lorella De Luca: Marisa
Sylva Koscina: Alice
Memmo Carotenuto: Alvaro
Gildo Bocci: Sor Nerone
Roberto Rey: Psichiatra
Lina Ferri: Sora Cecilia
Fred Buscaglione: himself
Passage 5:
Tom Tykwer
Tom Tykwer (German: [ˈtɪkvɐ]; born 23 May 1965) is a German film director, producer, screenwriter, and composer  He is best known internationally for directing the thriller films Run Lola Run (1998), Heaven (2002), Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006), and The International (2009)  He collaborated with The Wachowskis as co-director for the science fiction film Cloud Atlas (2012) and the Netflix series Sense8 (2015–2018), and worked on the score for Lana Wachowski's The Matrix Resurrections (2021)  Tykwer is also well known as the co-creator of the internationally acclaimed German television series Babylon Berlin (2017–) 

Early life
Tykwer was born in Wuppertal, West Germany  Fascinated by film from an early age, he started making amateur Super 8 films at the age of eleven  He later helped out at a local arthouse cinema in order to see more films, including those for which he was too young to buy tickets  After graduating from high school, he applied to numerous film schools around Europe, unsuccessfully 

Career
1986-1995
Tykwer moved to Berlin where he worked as a projectionist  In 1987, at the age of 22, he became the programmer of the Moviemento cinema and became known to German directors as a film buff  In Berlin, Tykwer met and befriended the filmmaker Rosa von Praunheim, who urged him to create stories from his own experience  He suggested, for example, that Tykwer record arguments with his girlfriend, and turn them into a short film  Because (1990) was screened at the Hof International Film Festival and well received by the audience, which inspired Tykwer to continue pursuing filmmaking 
He made a second short film, Epilog (1992), for which he took on personal financial debt, but he also gained valuable technical film making experience  Tykwer wrote the screenplay for, and directed, his first feature film, the psychological thriller Deadly Maria (1993)  It aired on German television and had a limited theatrical release in Germany and the international film festival circuit 
In 1994, Tykwer founded the production company X Filme Creative Pool with Stefan Arndt, Wolfgang Becker, and Dani Levy 

1996-2005
Tykwer and Becker wrote the screenplay for the comedy Life Is All You Get (1997), while working on Winter Sleepers (1997), Tykwer's second feature and a much bigger and more complex production than Deadly Maria  Winter Sleepers brought Tykwer to the attention of German cineastes and film festivals, but he was struggling financially His next feature film, Run Lola Run (1998), became the most successful German film of 1998, earned $7 mln at the US box office, and elevated Tykwer to international fame  As Lola was becoming a success worldwide, Tykwer was already at work on his next film, The Princess and the Warrior (2000), a love story about a nurse and a former soldier, which was shot in his home town of Wuppertal Miramax produced his next film, Heaven (2002), based on a screenplay by Polish filmmaker Krzysztof Kieślowski, which was shot in English, starred Cate Blanchett and Giovanni Ribisi, and was filmed in Turin and Tuscany 

2006-2015
Tykwer was approached by French producers to film a short contribution to Paris, je t'aime (2006), a film composed of 20 short films by many famous directors depicting love in Paris  Tykwer shot the 10-minute short film, True, with Natalie Portman and Melchior Beslon  He shot the film quickly with almost no pre-production  The result, Tykwer later said, "symbolises an entire life for me, in just ten minutes "Tykwer shot the film Pink Children (2012) together with 4 German directors about their mentor Rosa von Praunheim 
Tykwer's next film was Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006), an adaptation of the novel Perfume by the German novelist Patrick Süskind  It was filmed in the Spanish cities of Figueras, Girona and Barcelona  Tykwer later made his Hollywood debut with the big-budgeted 2009 conspiracy thriller The International, starring Clive Owen and Naomi Watts, which was shot in several locations ranging from Berlin, Milan, New York City, and Istanbul  The film received a lukewarm reception from the public and critics alike 

2016-present
Tykwer directed 2016's A Hologram for the King, starring Tom Hanks and Sarita Choudhury, based on a novel by American novelist Dave Eggers  In 2017, Tykwer co-created the television series Babylon Berlin, directing and writing the screenplay; set in 1920s Berlin, the series comprised 16 episodes in its first two seasons  A third season premiered in 2020  Later on, in 2023, the fifth season has been announced In 2018, Tykwer headed the 68th Berlinale 

Musical composition
Since Winter Sleepers, the music for all of Tykwer's films (with the exception of Heaven) has been composed by Johnny Klimek, Reinhold Heil, and Tykwer, unusual for a film director  The trio gave themselves the name "Pale 3", and it originally worked as a film scoring group, then expanding to produce music unrelated to film 

Critical reception
Both Tykwer's directing and his musical contributions have received accolades 

Awards
1994: Bavarian Film Awards, Best New Director
1998: Bavarian Film Awards, Best Production
2005: State-Award of the Film Commission North Rhine-Westphalia
2006: Bavarian Film Awards, Best Director
2012: Golden Globe Awards, Best Original Score for Cloud Atlas (Nominated)

Filmography
Other roles

Inglourious Basterds (2009) — German dialogue translator 

Personal life
In 2009, Tykwer signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 sexual abuse case 
Passage 6:
Roman Smishko
Roman Smishko (Ukrainian: Роман Володимирович Смішко) is a retired Ukrainian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper 
He is a younger brother of Ukrainian defender Bohdan Smishko 

Career
He played for clubs in Estonian, Lithuanian and Belarusian top levels In the 2014 Meistriliiga season he set the league clean sheet record by not conceding a single goal for 1,281 minutes between 5 April 2014 and 25 July 2014 which is 30 minutes short and allegedly the second best result in countries top flight after Edwin Van der Sar's 1,311 minutes 
Passage 7:
Dmitri Varfolomeyev (footballer, born 1978)
Dmitri Nikolayevich Varfolomeyev (Russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Варфоломеев; born 15 March 1978) is a Russian former football player He is a younger brother of Sergei Varfolomeyev 

Honours
Zhenis AstanaKazakhstan Premier League champion: 2001
Kazakhstan Cup winner: 2001
Passage 8:
Vadim Vlasov
Vadim Nikolayevich Vlasov (Russian: Вадим Николаевич Власов; born 19 December 1980) is a former Russian football player Vlasov played in the Russian Premier League with FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod 
He is a younger brother of Dmitri Vlasov 
Passage 9:
La Bestia humana
La Bestia humana is a 1957 Argentine film whose story is based on the 1890 novel La Bête Humaine by the French writer Émile Zola 

External links
La Bestia humana at IMDb
Passage 10:
Miloš Zličić
Miloš Zličić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Зличић; born 29 December 1999) is a Serbian football forward who plays for Smederevo 1924  He is a younger brother of Lazar Zličić 

Club career
Vojvodina
Born in Novi Sad, Zličić passed Vojvodina youth school and joined the first team at the age of 16  Previously, he was nominated for the best player of the "Tournament of Friendship", played in 2015  He made his senior debut in a friendly match against OFK Bačka during the spring half of the 2015–16 season, along with a year younger Mihajlo Nešković  Zličić made an official debut for Vojvodina in the 16th fixture of the 2016–17 Serbian SuperLiga season, played on 19 November 2016 against Novi Pazar 

Loan to Cement
In July 2018, Zličić joined the Serbian League Vojvodina side Cement Beočin on half-year loan deal  Zličić made his debut in an official match for Cement on 18 August, in the first round of the new season of the Serbian League Vojvodina, in a defeat against Omladinac  He scored his first senior goal on 25 August, in victory against Radnički 

International career
Zličić was called in Serbia U15 national team squad during the 2014, and he also appeared for under-16 national team between 2014 and 2015  He was also member of a U17 level later  After that, he was member of a U18 level, and scored goal against Slovenia U18 

Career statistics
As of 26 February 2020



ground_truth: Seven In The Sun