prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the place of death of the composer of film Miracle Of Marcelino?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Henri Verdun
Henri Verdun (1895–1977) was a French composer of film scores 

Selected filmography
Napoléon (1927)
The Sweetness of Loving (1930)
The Levy Department Stores (1932)
The Lacquered Box (1932)
The Weaker Sex (1933)
The Flame (1936)
Girls of Paris (1936)
The Assault (1936)
Les Disparus de Saint-Agil (1938)
The Woman Thief (1938)
Ernest the Rebel (1938)
Rail Pirates (1938)
The Fatted Calf (1939)
Camp Thirteen (1940)
The Man Without a Name (1943)
The Bellman (1945)
My First Love (1945)
The Murderer is Not Guilty (1946)
Distress (1946)
The Fugitive (1947)
The Ironmaster (1948)
The Tragic Dolmen (1948)
The Ladies in the Green Hats (1949)
La Fugue de Monsieur Perle (1952)
The Lovers of Midnight (1953)
The Big Flag (1954)
Blood to the Head (1956)
Passage 2:
Tarcisio Fusco
Tarcisio Fusco was an Italian composer of film scores  He was the brother of the composer Giovanni Fusco and the uncle of operatic soprano Cecilia Fusco 

Selected filmography
Boccaccio (1940)
Free Escape (1951)
Abracadabra (1952)
The Eternal Chain (1952)
Beauties in Capri (1952)
Milanese in Naples (1954)
Conspiracy of the Borgias (1959)
Passage 3:
Walter Ulfig
Walter Ulfig was a German composer of film scores 

Selected filmography
Das Meer (1927)
Venus im Frack (1927)
Svengali (1927)
Bigamie (1927)
Homesick (1927)
The Awakening of Woman (1927)
The Famous Woman (1927)
Alpine Tragedy (1927)
The Strange Case of Captain Ramper (1927)
Assassination (1927)
Queen Louise (1927)
Homesick (1927)
Das Schicksal einer Nacht (1927)
The Hunt for the Bride (1927)
The Orlov (1927)
Serenissimus and the Last Virgin (1928)
Mariett Dances Today (1928))
The Woman from Till 12 (1928)
The Beloved of His Highness (1928)
The Schorrsiegel Affair (1928)
It Attracted Three Fellows (1928)
Miss Chauffeur (1928)
The King of Carnival (1928)
The Weekend Bride (1928)
Honeymoon (1928)
Spring Awakening (1929)
The Right of the Unborn (1929)
The Heath Is Green (1932)
Höllentempo (1933)
The Two Seals (1934)
Pappi (1934)
Mädchenräuber (1936)

Bibliography
Jung, Uli & Schatzberg, Walter  Beyond Caligari: The Films of Robert Wiene  Berghahn Books, 1999 

External links
Walter Ulfig at IMDb
Passage 4:
Bert Grund
Bert Grund (1920–1992) was a German composer of film scores 

Selected filmography
Crown Jewels (1950)
Immortal Light (1951)
I Can't Marry Them All (1952)
We're Dancing on the Rainbow (1952)
My Wife Is Being Stupid (1952)
Knall and Fall as Detectives (1952)
The Bachelor Trap (1953)
The Bird Seller (1953)
The Immortal Vagabond (1953)
The Sun of St  Moritz (1954)
The Witch (1954)
The Major and the Bulls (1955)
Operation Sleeping Bag (1955)
Love's Carnival (1955)
The Marriage of Doctor Danwitz (1956)
Between Time and Eternity (1956)
That Won't Keep a Sailor Down (1958)
Arena of Fear (1959)
The Thousand Eyes of Dr  Mabuse (1960)
The Count of Luxemburg (1972)
Mathias Sandorf (1979, TV series)
Die Wächter (1986, TV miniseries)
Carmen on Ice (1990)
Passage 5:
Miracle of Marcelino
Miracle of Marcelino (Spanish: Marcelino, pan y vino, "Marcelino, bread and wine") is a 1955 Spanish film written by José Maria Sanchez-Silva, based on his novel, and directed by Ladislao Vajda  It starred, Juan Calvo (who also starred together as Don Quixote and Sancho Panza in the 1947 Spanish film version of Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote) and the young child star Pablito Calvo (no relation to Juan) as Marcelino  The musical score and theme song – sung in full during the action, rather than at the start of the film – are by Pablo Sorozábal 
The story, revised and modernised in both the book and film, dates back to a medieval legend, one of many gathered together in a volume by Alfonso el Sabio  It was a critical and commercial success, and other countries have produced versions of it 

Plot
The story revolves around Marcelino, an orphan abandoned as a baby on the steps of a monastery in nineteenth-century Spain  The monks raise the child, and Marcelino grows into a rowdy young boy  He has been warned by the monks not to visit the monastery attic, where a "very big man who will take him away" lives, but he ventures upstairs anyway, sees the man and tears off back down the stairs 
At a festival, Marcelino causes havoc when he accidentally topples a pile of fruit and lets some animals loose   The new local mayor, a blacksmith whom the monks would not let adopt Marcelino because of his coarse behaviour, uses the incident as an excuse to try to shut down the monastery 
Given the silent treatment by the monks, Marcelino gathers up the courage to once again enter the attic, where he sees not a bogeyman, but a beautiful statue of Christ on the Cross  Remarking that the statue looks hungry, Marcelino steals some bread and wine and offers it to the statue, which comes to life, descends from the Cross, and eats and drinks what the boy has brought him  The statue becomes Marcelino's best friend and confidant and begins to give him religious instruction  For his part, Marcelino realizes that the statue is Christ 
The monks know something is strange when they notice bread and wine disappearing, and arrange to spy on Marcelino  One day, the statue notices that Marcelino is pensive and brooding instead of happy, and tells him that he would like to reward his kindness  Marcelino answers: "I want only to see my mother, and to see Yours after that"  The statue cradles Marcelino in its arms, tells Marcelino to sleep - and Marcelino dies happy 
The monks witness the miracle through a crack in the attic door and burst in just in time to see the dead Marcelino bathed in a heavenly glow  The statue returns to its place on the Cross, and Marcelino is buried underneath the chapel and venerated by all who visit the now flourishing monastery-turned-shrine 
The main story is told in flashback by a monk (played by Fernando Rey), who, visiting a dying girl, tells her the story of Marcelino for inspiration  The film ends with the monk entering the now completely remodelled chapel in the monastery during Mass, and saying to the crucifix once kept in the attic: "We have been speaking about You, O Lord", and then, to Marcelino's grave, which is situated nearby, "And about you, too, Marcelino "

Cast
Legacy
The film remains one of the most famous and successful Spanish films ever made in history, and one of the first Spanish films to become successful in the U S  as well 
Three key scenes of the film were filmed in La Alberca (Salamanca)  Its Plaza Mayor serves as a stage for the initial scene, in which the narrator friar, Fernando Rey, goes down to the village to tell the sick child the story of Marcellino  The scene of the market, where Marcelino has just climbed into a cockpit after causing the stampede of a yoke of oxen  Finally, back to the convent, they pass in front of the Hermitage of San Blas of said locality  All the atmosphere related to the convent is located in the chapel of the Cristo del Caloco in El Espinar (Segovia) one which has great devotion in the region;
The figure of the Christ, however, does not correspond to that of the Caloco, but is a sculpture of the sculptor Antonio Simont and is currently on the altar of the Chapel of St  Teresa of the Convent of the Carmelites of Don Benito (Badajoz)  There it ended up at the wish of one of the sound engineers of the film, Miguel López Cabrera, whose sister was a nun in the convent 

Remakes
A Philippine remake of Miracle of Marcelino, under its original title, was released in 1979 
An Italian remake, Marcellino, was produced in 1991 in color, and was much less successful than the original film 
In 2000, VIP Toons of Spain, PMMP and TF1 of France and Nippon Animation of Japan created the first TV series adaptation of the story, also titled Marcelino Pan y Vino after the original novel   The first 26-episode run (2000-2001) was adapted into several languages, including French, Spanish, Tagalog, Portuguese, and Italian, and became a success across Europe  An additional 26 episodes were made in 2004 and aired in Germany in 2006 
The film became the inspiration for the 2009–2010 ABS-CBN teleserye, May Bukas Pa 
A Mexican remake was released on 16 December 2010, with the basic storyline and framed by the Mexican Revolution of 1910 
The 2023 Brazilian telenovela Amor Perfeito is also based on Marcelino, pan y vino 

Awards
Won1955 Cannes Film FestivalOCIC Award - Special Mention
Pablito Calvo - Special Mention
5th Berlin International Film Festival: Silver BearNominated1955 Cannes Film Festival: Palme d'Or
Passage 6:
José María Sánchez-Silva
José María Sánchez-Silva y García-Morales (11 November 1911 – 13 January 2002) was a Spanish writer  He received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1968 for his contribution to children's literature  He is best known for his novel Marcelino Bread and Wine (1953) which was filmed in 1955, as Miracle of Marcelino 

Early life
Sánchez-Silva was born in Madrid  His father, also José María Sánchez Silva, was a journalist close to anarchism, writing in the journal Earth, who went into exile in 1939  The family had been unstructured and the son (Sánchez-Silva) at times was practically a vagrant child  He joined institutions for orphans and children at risk such as Del Pardo School of Madrid (dependent on the City Council of Madrid)  In these institutions he learned typing and shorthand, which earned him a stenographer's position in Madrid 

Career
In 1934, he published his first book The Man in the Scarf 
During the Spanish Civil War, he remained in the Republican zone in Madrid, working with the Falange until Nationalist troops entered the city  In 1939, he began working as a journalist in the newspaper Arriba  He became assistant principal of the paper and collaborated with the newspaper El Pueblo 
Sánchez-Silva won fame as a result of Marcelino Bread and Wine (Marcelino, pan y vino, 1953), which was made into a film by Ladislao Vajda as Miracle of Marcelino, and became one of the great successes of Spanish cinema worldwide  It was further adapted into Marcelino (anime) 
After the success of Marcelino, he returned to the character in stories Marcelino Pan y Vino and Adventures in the sky Marcelino Pan y Vino 
Together with José Luis Sáenz de Heredia, he was the author of the screenplay of the movie Franco, ese hombre, a biography in the caudillo 

Awards
The biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books  Sánchez-Silva received the writing award in 1966 He won the Spanish prize for literature in 1957 
Passage 7:
Abe Meyer
Abe Meyer (1901–1969) was an American composer of film scores 

Selected filmography
Painted Faces (1929)
Honeymoon Lane (1931)
Unholy Love (1932)
A Strange Adventure (1932)
Take the Stand (1934)
Legong (1935)
The Unwelcome Stranger (1935)
Suicide Squad (1935)
The Mine with the Iron Door (1936)
The Devil on Horseback (1936)
Song of the Trail (1936)
County Fair (1937)
The 13th Man (1937)
Raw Timber (1937)
Roaring Timber (1937)
The Law Commands (1937)
The Painted Trail (1938)
My Old Kentucky Home (1938)
The Secret of Treasure Island (1938)
Saleslady (1938)
Numbered Woman  (1938)
The Marines Are Here (1938)
Fisherman's Wharf (1939)
Undercover Agent (1939)
Passage 8:
Alonso Mudarra
Alonso Mudarra (c  1510 – April 1, 1580) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance, and also played the vihuela, a guitar-shaped string instrument   He was an innovative composer of instrumental music as well as songs, and was the composer of the earliest surviving music for the guitar 

Biography
The place of his birth is not recorded, but he grew up in Guadalajara, and probably received his musical training there   He most likely went to Italy in 1529 with Charles V, in the company of the fourth Duke of the Infantado, Íñigo López de Mendoza, marqués de Santillana   When he returned to Spain he became a priest, receiving the post of canon at the cathedral in Seville in 1546, where he remained for the rest of his life   While at the cathedral, he directed all of the musical activities; many records remain of his musical activities there, which included hiring instrumentalists, buying and assembling a new organ, and working closely with composer Francisco Guerrero for various festivities   Mudarra died in Seville, and his sizable fortune was distributed to the poor of the city according to his will 

Mudarra wrote numerous pieces for the vihuela and the four-course guitar, all contained in the collection Tres libros de musica en cifras para vihuela ("Three books of music in numbers for vihuela"), which he published on December 7, 1546 in Seville   These three books contain the first music ever published for the four-course guitar, which was then a relatively new instrument  The second book is noteworthy in that it contains eight multi-movement works, all arranged by "tono", or mode 
Compositions represented in this publication include fantasias, variations (including a set on La Folia), tientos, pavanes and galliards, and songs  Modern listeners are probably most familiar with his Fantasia X, which has been a concert and recording mainstay for many years    The songs are in Latin, Spanish and Italian, and include romances, canciones (songs), villancicos, (popular songs) and sonetos (sonnets)   Another innovation was the use of different signs for different tempos:  slow, medium, and fast 

References and further reading
John Griffiths: "Alonso Mudarra", Grove Music Online ed  L  Macy (Accessed March 24, 2005), (subscription access)
Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance   New York, W W  Norton & Co , 1954   ISBN 0-393-09530-4
Guitar Music of the Sixteenth Century, Mel Bay Publications (transcribed by Keith Calmes)
The Eight Masterpieces of Alonso Mudarra, Mel Bay Publications (transcribed by Keith Calmes)
Fantasia VI in hypermedia (Shockwave Player required) at the BinAural Collaborative Hypertext
Jacob Heringman and Catherine King: "Alonso Mudarra songs and solos"  Magnatune com (http://www magnatune com/artists/albums/heringman-mudarra/hifi_play)

External links
Free scores by Alonso Mudarra in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
Free scores by Alonso Mudarra at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
Passage 9:
Pablo Sorozábal
Pablo Sorozábal Mariezcurrena (18 September 1897 – 26 December 1988) was a Spanish composer of zarzuelas, operas, symphonic works, and the popular romanza, "No puede ser" 
He was born in San Sebastián, in a working-class family  Trained in San Sebastián, Madrid and Leipzig; then in Berlin, where he preferred Friedrich Koch as composition teacher to Arnold Schönberg, whose theories he disliked  It was in Germany that he made his conducting debut, and the rostrum remained at the centre of his working life  His Leipzig concert works include the choral Suite vasca (1923); Dos apuntes Vascos (1925) and Symphonic Variations on a Basque Theme (1927); of later works the funeral march Gernika for chorus and orchestra (1966) is outstanding  The Siete Lieder, 1929 settings of Heinrich Heine for mezzo-soprano and orchestra, are perhaps the finest works he produced in Germany  Two short but powerful compositions for chorus and orchestra, Maite (‘Our Lady’, from the 1946 film Jai-Alai) and ¡Ay, tierra vasca! (1956) retain their place in the hearts of his Basque countrymen 
Katiuska (1931) was his stage debut, and the twenty or so zarzuelas which followed combine lyric fire and inimitable orchestration with an unfailing sense of theatre  Best-loved are his classic madrileño comedy La del manojo de rosas (1934) and the “nautical romance” set on the Atlantic Coast La tabernera del puerto of 1936  The latter includes the romanza "No puede ser", made internationally popular when sung in the Three Tenors concerts by Plácido Domingo  His one-act verismo opera Adiós a la bohemia (from a short story by Pío Baroja) also retains its popularity in Spain 
Sorozábal's liberal sympathies left him somewhat isolated after the Spanish Civil War, and many of his later zarzuelas were first seen outside the capital or in less prestigious Madrid theatres  They include the ambitious, allegorical romance Black, el payaso (1942) and the ski-sports musical Don Manolito (1943), both of which starred popular Basque soprano Pepita Embil 
Sorozábal also wrote scores for non-musical films, notably the classic Spanish film Marcelino Pan y Vino (1955) 
His tenure as director of the Madrid Symphony Orchestra ended abruptly in 1952 when he was refused permission to conduct Shostakovich’s Leningrad Symphony; and though his musical comedy Las de Caín was premiered at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in 1958, the opera Juan José had to wait for its belated (and highly successful) concert premiere until February 2009, after a full production was suspended during rehearsals in Madrid during 1979  With his death in Madrid on 26 December 1988 the last chapter in the creative history of the romantic zarzuela came to an end  Sorozábal's theatrical vitality, musical wit and dramatic force are second to none in the history of zarzuela and rival the best of his German and Italian music theatre contemporaries, such as Kurt Weill 
Passage 10:
Rafael Calvo
Rafael Luis Calvo Muñoz (30 December 1911 – 9 December 1988) was a Spanish film actor  He appeared in more than 60 films including Miracle of Marcelino (1955) 

Selected filmography
Context 2: Passage 1:
Bonnie Tyler
Gaynor Sullivan  (née Hopkins; born 8 June 1951), known professionally as Bonnie Tyler, is a Welsh singer who is known for her distinctive husky voice  Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album The World Starts Tonight and its singles "Lost in France" and "More Than a Lover"  Her 1977 single "It's a Heartache" reached number four on the UK Singles Chart, and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 
In the 1980s, Tyler ventured into rock music with songwriter and producer Jim Steinman  He wrote Tyler's biggest hit "Total Eclipse of the Heart", the lead single from her 1983 UK chart-topping album Faster Than the Speed of Night  Steinman also wrote Tyler's other major 1980s hit "Holding Out for a Hero"  She had success in mainland Europe during the 1990s with Dieter Bohlen, who wrote and produced her hit "Bitterblue"  In 2003, Tyler re-recorded "Total Eclipse of the Heart" with singer Kareen Antonn  Their bilingual duet, titled "Si demain    (Turn Around)", topped the French charts 
Rocks and Honey was released in 2013 and features the single "Believe in Me", which she performed representing the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö, Sweden  After reuniting with the producer David Mackay, she released Between the Earth and the Stars (2019) and The Best Is Yet to Come (2021) 
Her work has earned her three Grammy Award nominations and three Brit Award nominations (including twice for British Female Solo Artist), among other accolades  In 2022 she was awarded an MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours for services to music 

Early life
Tyler was born Gaynor Hopkins in Skewen, Wales, to a coal miner father Glyndŵr and mother Elsie Hopkins  She grew up in a four-bedroom council house with three sisters and two brothers  Her siblings had varied music tastes, exposing her to artists such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra and the Beatles  Hopkins and her family were deeply religious Protestants  Her first public performance took place in a chapel as a child, singing the Anglican hymn "All Things Bright and Beautiful" Leaving school with no formal qualifications, Hopkins began working in a grocery shop  In 1969, she entered a local talent contest, and after coming in second place, was inspired to pursue a career in singing  Responding to a newspaper advertisement, she found work as a backing singer for Bobby Wayne & the Dixies before forming her own soul band called Imagination  It was around this time that she changed her name to Sherene Davis, to avoid being confused with Welsh folk singer Mary Hopkin 

Career
1975–1978: The World Starts Tonight and Natural Force
In 1975, Davis was spotted singing with her band in the Townsman Club, Swansea, by talent scout Roger Bell, who invited her to London to record a demo track  After many months had passed, she received a phone call from RCA Records, offering her a recording contract  They also recommended that she change her name again  After compiling a list of surnames and first names from a newspaper, Davis found a new name in "Bonnie Tyler" Ronnie Scott and Steve Wolfe became her managers, songwriters and producers  "My! My! Honeycomb" was released as her debut single in April 1976, and failed to impact any charts worldwide  RCA increased their promotional efforts for the release of Tyler's second single, "Lost in France", arranging for her to meet with a party of journalists at a French château  The single had no immediate impact upon its release in September 1976, but became a Top 10 single by the end of the year  Tyler's next single "More Than a Lover" was favoured by some critics, and she performed the song on the BBC's Top of the Pops on 31 March 1977  The song peaked at number 27 in the UK Despite producing two popular singles, Tyler's debut album, The World Starts Tonight, proved unsuccessful in Europe, except in Sweden, where it climbed to number 2 "It's a Heartache" saw Tyler return to prominence again in 1978, reaching number 4 in the United Kingdom  The song also became her first hit in the United States, peaking at number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 Her second studio album Natural Force, released in the same year, was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) with sales of over half a million copies  "Here Am I" was released as a third single in the spring of 1978, but the song failed to sustain her success in the United Kingdom and the United States, though it charted in other European countries 

1979–1981: Diamond Cut and Goodbye to the Island
Tyler's third studio album, Diamond Cut, was released in 1979  Most of the songs were again written and produced by Ronnie Scott and Steve Wolfe Diamond Cut was a hit in Norway and Sweden, but it only charted on the Billboard 200 at number 145  AllMusic declared the album to be the high point of Tyler's early career, "and a dynamite showcase for Tyler's inimitable voice"  Record Mirror rated the album three stars out of five, stating that "only a minority of the material [was] holding her back", and that the album is "essential listening" for Country music fans "Two singles were released from Diamond Cut; those were "My Guns Are Loaded" and "Too Good to Last"  Tyler also released "(The World Is Full of) Married Men", which was used as the theme song for the film of the same name  Tyler appears in the film singing the song during the title sequence  It peaked at number 35 on the UK Singles Chart in July 1979  Record Mirror criticised the song; its reviewer wrote: "Bonnie stops chewing gravel for a minute or two   " and continued with "she ends up sandpapering my eardrums again  Ouch "Tyler's first tour of Japan took place in 1979  During her visit, she represented the United Kingdom in the World Popular Song Festival held in Tokyo  Tyler won the competition with the song "Sitting on the Edge of the Ocean", written by Scott and Wolfe  "I Believe in Your Sweet Love" was also released in 1979, and listed as a single of the week in 1979 by Record Mirror upon its release Both singles featured on Tyler's final studio album with RCA  Goodbye to the Island was released in 1981, recorded in the Algarve, Portugal  AllMusic rated the album three stars out of five, with other critics predicting that Tyler was "doomed to be a one-hit wonder"  Phil Hendricks from Cherry Records said that Tyler "[proved] time and time again that she was one of those rare artists who was able to take the odd chart flop on the chin and bounce back having suffered little collateral damage "

1982–1989: The CBS Years
After her contract with RCA expired, Tyler signed with CBS/Columbia  A&R man Muff Winwood asked Tyler to scout a new producer  She considered Phil Collins, Jeff Lynne and Alan Tarney, but Jim Steinman was her first choice  "I'm a huge fan of his records, especially his solo album, and when my manager and I were discussing my comeback we both agreed that I had to sound the best or nobody would take me seriously " Steinman initially declined, but reconsidered after Tyler sent him demos of the rock material she was hoping to record After their initial meeting, Tyler returned to Steinman's apartment in New York a few weeks later where he performed "Total Eclipse of the Heart" with Rory Dodd  Steinman described the song as "a Wagnerian-like onslaught of sound and emotion", and a "showpiece" for Tyler's voice  Her fifth album was recorded at the Power Station in New York, with members of the E Street Band, Rick Derringer on guitar, Rory Dodd and Eric Troyer on backing vocals, and Steinman as producer "Total Eclipse of the Heart" was released in the UK on 11 February 1983  It became one of the best-selling singles of all time with over six million units sold  Her fifth studio album, Faster Than the Speed of Night, debuted at no  1 on the UK Albums Chart and no  3 on the Cashbox and 4 on the Billboard 200, selling over one million copies in the United States  Tyler's commercial success led to several award nominations, including two Grammys, two AMAs and a BRIT Award  Tyler was named Best Recording Artist at the Variety Club of Great Britain Awards, and she received a Goldene Europa Tyler also found success through some of her soundtrack recordings in the mid-80s  In 1984, she released "Holding Out for a Hero" from the Footloose soundtrack  In the following year, her recording of "Here She Comes" for Giorgio Moroder's restoration of the 1927 film Metropolis earned Tyler a Grammy nomination for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance  Tyler also declined an offer to record the theme for the James Bond spin-off Never Say Never Again 
In 1986, Tyler released her sixth studio album, Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire  In another collaboration with Jim Steinman, the album also featured songs written by Desmond Child and Bryan Adams and a cover of "Band of Gold" by Freda Payne  "If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)" became the album's most successful single, selling over 250,000 units in France  The music video, directed by Steinman and Stuart Orme, received six nominations at the Billboard Video Music Conference In 1987, Tyler collaborated with Mike Oldfield on the title track to his album Islands  In the following year, Tyler played Polly Garter in George Martin's album Under Milk Wood, a radio drama by Dylan Thomas  The music was composed by Elton John, and features vocal contributions from Tom Jones, Anthony Hopkins and Mary Hopkin Tyler asked Desmond Child to produce her seventh album, Hide Your Heart, which came out on 9 May 1988  The album featured collaborations with Michael Bolton, Albert Hammond and Diane Warren  The album's singles, "Hide Your Heart", "Save Up All Your Tears" and "The Best" became major hits for other artists 

1990–2000: Success in continental Europe
In 1990, Tyler signed to Hansa/BMG Ariola and began working with various producers for her eighth studio album  She collaborated with Dieter Bohlen, Giorgio Moroder, Nik Kershaw and Roy Bittan  "We used so many producers in efforts to capture many different moods for many different territories, because we believed in the international crossover potential of Tyler," stated David Brunner, A&R manager for Hansa Bitterblue was released on 11 November 1991  In a retrospective review, AllMusic's Tomas Mureika noted that the album marked a "much more mainstream and less bombastic" direction in Tyler's career  The title track was released a month ahead of the album and became a top 40 hit in several European countries  It was named ‘Catchy Song of the Year' at the RSH-Gold Awards  In the following year, "Bitterblue" was released as a promotional single in the United States where it was met with criticism  Billboard wrote that "bombastic production, with a rush of bagpipes and a choir of chirping children at the forefront, overpower Tyler's distinctive raspy voice "While Bitterblue was never released in the UK or US, the album was a commercial success in mainland Europe  It topped the charts in Austria and Norway, achieving 4× Platinum status in the latter country with eleven weeks at no  1 Tyler's subsequent albums, Angel Heart (1992) and Silhouette in Red (1993), were also successful in mainland Europe  Both albums featured a greater share of songs written and produced by Dieter Bohlen  Tyler was named Best International Singer at the Goldene Europa Awards in 1993, and Best Pop/Rock Singer at the ECHO Awards in 1994 In 1995, Tyler moved to EastWest Records and released Free Spirit  The album featured collaborations with a variety of producers including Humberto Gatica, David Foster and Jim Steinman  The lead single, a cover of Air Supply's "Making Love (Out of Nothing At All)", reached no  45 on the UK Singles Chart in January 1996  The album was re-released in March 1996 featuring a cover of "Limelight" by the Alan Parsons Project  The track was used as a theme for the German team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia Tyler's twelfth studio album, All in One Voice, was released in 1998  Much of the album was recorded with Jimmy Smyth in Dublin, and Harold Faltermeyer in Hamburg In 1998, Tyler appeared on Rick Wakeman's orchestral album Return to the Centre of the Earth on the song "Is Anybody There?"  The album also included narration from Star Trek actor Patrick Stewart and vocals from Ozzy Osbourne, Katrina Leskanich and Justin Hayward 

2001–2003: Greatest Hits and Heart Strings
On 14 September 2001, Tyler released Greatest Hits, a compilation album containing seventeen tracks  The album entered the UK Albums Chart at number 18, and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales of over 60,000 units  Greatest Hits reached the Top 10 in a further five European countries In 2002, Tyler began working on her thirteenth studio album, Heart Strings  EMI approached her with the idea of recording a cover album with an orchestra and Tyler's band  She selected thirteen songs by artists such as U2, The Beatles and Bruce Springsteen  The songs were arranged by composers Nick Ingman and Karl Jenkins, and performed by the City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra Heart Strings was released on 18 March 2003, and was followed by a tour in Germany  The album charted in Europe, reaching the Top 50 in five countries 

2004–2005: Success in France
In 2003, vocalist Kareen Antonn invited Tyler to re-record "Total Eclipse of the Heart" as a bilingual duet in French and English  The new version was re-titled "Si demain    (Turn Around)" and released in December 2003  It went to no  1 in Belgium and France, where it held the top position for ten weeks, selling over 500,000 units  The success of the single was considered to be Tyler's comeback in France, and received overwhelmingly positive reviews from music critics Tyler's fourteenth studio album Simply Believe was released in April 2004  It featured seven new songs and various re-recordings and covers  Tyler and Antonn recorded "Si tout s'arrête (It's a Heartache)" as a second bilingual duet  It peaked at number 12 in France  Tyler co-wrote the title track of the album, and two additional songs, with producer Jean Lahcene  Simply Believe spent 23 weeks on the French Album Charts and peaked at number 18 
Tyler released her fifteenth studio album Wings in the spring of 2005  It was recorded in Paris, and featured twelve new songs, two of which were also recorded in French, and new versions of "Total Eclipse of the Heart" and "It's a Heartache"  Tyler promoted the album with an extensive tour of Europe, including a televised performance at the Sopot International Song Festival in Poland, and recorded concerts at La Cigale in Paris and at the Fiestas del Pilar in Zaragoza, Spain  Footage from all three concerts appeared on Tyler's live DVD Bonnie on Tour which was released in 2006  Wings was issued in the UK in 2006 under the title Celebrate  Tyler also received the Lifetime Achievement Steiger Award in 2005 

2006–2011: From the Heart: Greatest Hits and Best of 3 CD
In 2006, Tyler made her first appearance on US television in years when she performed "Total Eclipse of the Heart" with actress Lucy Lawless on Celebrity Duets  In the following year she recorded a new version of "Total Eclipse of the Heart" with punk band BabyPinkStar and released From the Heart: Greatest Hits, which reached number 2 in Ireland and number 31 in the UK 
In April 2009, Tyler joined Welsh male voice choir Only Men Aloud! on their UK tour to perform "Total Eclipse of the Heart"  They recorded the song for their second studio album Band of Brothers, which was released in October  In the same year, she also recorded the title song for Mal Pope's new musical Cappuccino Girls, and performed the song at the opening night in Swansea's Grand Theatre  Tyler also made a cameo on Hollyoaks Later to sing "Holding Out for a Hero" in a dream sequence with Carmel McQueen (Gemma Merna) In 2010, Tyler appeared in a television advertisement for MasterCard singing a parody of "Total Eclipse of the Heart"  She released "Something Going On" with Country singer Wayne Warner and a new version of "Making Love (Out of Nothing At All)" with Matt Pétrin in July and August respectively  In October, she toured with Robin Gibb in Australia and New Zealand 

In 2011, Tyler appeared on Swedish TV show Kvällen är din ("The Evening Is Yours" in English), singing "Total Eclipse of the Heart" with Swedish singer Niklas Paulström  Tyler also performed "It's a Heartache"  She also made a guest appearance in the music video "Newport (Ymerodraeth State of Mind)", a parody of the Jay-Z and Alicia Keys song "Empire State of Mind" for the BBC's Comic Relief charity  Also in 2011, Tyler won an award at the BMI London Awards for "It's a Heartache" gaining over 3 million airplays on US television and radio since it was first recorded in 1977  She also appeared on the Ukrainian version of X Factor as one of the three British guests, alongside Kylie Minogue and Cher Lloyd  She performed "It's a Heartache", "Total Eclipse of the Heart" and "Holding Out for a Hero"  In December 2011, a portrait of Tyler by Rolf Harris, owned by Cathy Sims, was valued at £50,000 on BBC's Antiques Roadshow In September 2011, Tyler released a new compilation titled Best of 3 CD, which charted at number 36 in France  The album featured a cover of "Eternal Flame" by The Bangles, which was recorded as a duet with Laura Zen in French and English and released as a single 

2012–2018: Rocks and Honey and the Eurovision Song Contest
In early 2012, Tyler began working on her sixteenth album, Rocks and Honey  She travelled to Nashville, Tennessee in search of material for the album  It was recorded at the Blackbird Studios in Nashville, and produced by David Huff  Tyler sent the album to the BBC ahead of its release for feedback  After hearing the third track "Believe in Me", they asked Tyler to represent the United Kingdom with the song at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013  Although she was initially reluctant, Tyler accepted, describing Eurovision as "great publicity for my album" Tyler was announced as the United Kingdom's entrant on 7 March 2013, and was met with a mixed reaction  "Believe in Me" was released on 13 March, and peaked at number 93 in the United Kingdom  As a member of the "Big Five", the United Kingdom automatically qualified to the Eurovision Grand Final on 18 May  Tyler finished in 19th place with 23 points  Reacting to the results, Tyler stated, "I did the best that I could do with a great song", adding, "I'm so glad and so happy that I did it because it was an incredible experience  It was like the Grammy awards all over again "Following the Eurovision Song Contest, Tyler became the first representative for the United Kingdom to receive a Eurovision Song Contest Radio Award  She received the accolades for Best Song and Best Female Singer Rocks and Honey was released on 6 May 2013 in the United Kingdom, and peaked at number 52 on the UK Albums Chart  The album was titled in reference to the contrast between Tyler and Vince Gill's voice on their duet "What You Need from Me", which was likened to "rocks and honey"  "This Is Gonna Hurt" and "Love Is the Knife" were released as the second and third singles in August and September 2013 respectively, though both songs failed to chart In 2014, Tyler released "Miserere" on Rhydian Roberts's album One Day like This, and "Fortune" on Spike's album 100% Pure Frankie Miller In June 2015, Tyler appeared on Die schönsten Disney Songs aller Zeiten, a one-off televised celebration of popular Disney songs in Germany  She performed "Circle of Life" from The Lion King  In September 2015, Tyler performed "Total Eclipse of the Heart" and "Holding Out for a Hero" on Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris, Nicole Scherzinger and Alec Baldwin In 2016, Tyler featured on Frankie Miller's album Double Take  In March 2017, Tyler released a new single titled "Love's Holding On" with German metal band Axel Rudi Pell In August 2017, Tyler performed "Total Eclipse of the Heart" aboard the MS Oasis of the Seas with American dance-rock band DNCE to mark the solar eclipse of 21 August 2017  The song received an increase of 31,000 online downloads, which led to a placement of number 13 on the Billboard Digital Songs chart  In November, she released a new compilation titled Remixes and Rarities  The album debuted numerous tracks from her back catalogue that had not previously been released on CD In March 2018, Tyler embarked on a 22-date tour of Germany and Austria to celebrate the 40th anniversary of "It's a Heartache", with Sharron Levy as support 

2019–present: Recent albums
In February 2019, Tyler released "Hold On" as the lead single from her seventeenth studio album, Between the Earth and the Stars  The album followed in March 2019 and peaked at no  34 on the UK Albums Chart  It was recorded with David Mackay, who produced Tyler's first two albums in the 1970s  Between the Earth and the Stars features three duets with Rod Stewart, Francis Rossi and Cliff Richard  Tyler embarked on a 23-date tour of Europe to support the album in April 2019, culminating with an appearance at BBC Proms in the Park in Hyde Park, London, and a headline concert at the London Palladium in September  Her show at L'Olympia in Paris was filmed and released through Canal+ In August 2019, Cherry Red Records released a box set compiling Tyler's first four studio albums  Classic Pop magazine described The RCA Years as "a thoroughly-researched 4CD-set"  In November 2019, Tyler made a guest appearance at Ben Zucker's concert at the Mercedes-Benz Arena, Berlin to sing "It's a Heartache"  Their duet features on his live album, Wer Sagt das?! Zugabe!, released in May 2020 In December 2019, Tyler released a new version of her 2005 song "Streets of Stone" for The World's Big Sleep Out, an international homeless charity event  On 14 December 2019, she performed at the Vatican's annual Concerto di Natale in the presence of Pope Francis In May 2020, Tyler released "Through Thick and Thin (I'll Stand by You)" with Lorraine Crosby as a charity single in aid of the Teenage Cancer Trust  It reached no  64 on the UK Downloads Chart  Her latest studio album, The Best Is Yet to Come, followed in February 2021 
On 2 September 2022, Tyler and Mike Batt released their duet "Into the Sunset" as a digital single  The track was originally released on the soundtrack to The Dreamstone in 1990  In October 2022, Tyler performed "Total Eclipse of the Heart" live with the cast of Tanz der Vampire in Stuttgart to mark the musical's 25th anniversary In November 2022, Tyler embarked on her first ever tour of South America, with eight dates in Brazil, and one date in Uruguay  Speaking with El País, Tyler stated that she hopes to release another studio album in 2023 

Artistry
Influences
Born into a musical family, Tyler grew up listening to a wide range of musical genres  One of Tyler's earliest musical memories was listening to her mother singing opera music in the family home  Tyler attended church until she was sixteen years old  Her first ever performance was singing "All Things Bright and Beautiful" in church  She was also exposed to the music of Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, The Beatles and other 1960s bands due to her siblings' musical tastes  Frankie Miller was the first live act that Tyler saw, and she later recorded duets with him Tyler's two biggest influences from a young age were Janis Joplin and Tina Turner
Context 3: Passage 1:
De Sacia Mooers
De Sacia Mooers (November 19, 1888 – January 11, 1960) was a film actress, disputably from Los Angeles, California  She appeared in over one hundred movies in the silent film era  She was perhaps best known as the "Blonde Vamp" for her role in The Blonde Vampire in 1922  Her career ended with talking films 

Early life
Newspaper accounts of the era differ as to her birthplace  At the time, it was common for the various studios to exaggerate or fabricate an actor's biography to make them seem more exotic and interesting to the general public  One report contends that she was a Los Angeles native and a member of the California Saville family  This is borne out by the fact that she was billed as De Sacia Saville in the serial The Son of Tarzan (1920)  The Savilles were among California's pioneer settlers  Another article says that Mooers was from New York  Yet another source has her birthplace as Michigan  A 1927 movie review described her ancestry as French-Dutch 

Movie career
She began her career with Samuel Goldwyn Productions  At first she was known as De Sacia Saville  In the comedy Potash and Perlmutter (1923), she was cast with Martha Mansfield and Ben Lyon 
Mooers began working on a series of vamp roles starting with The Blonde Vampire in 1922  Mooers was writing a book at the time  It was due to be published when the vamp film was released  A natural blond, Mooers defied the stereotype of a vamp having to have dark hair 
Mooers appeared in over one hundred movies in the silent film era  Among her co-stars were Tom Mix and Warner Baxter  Mooers made Lonesome Ladies (1927), a First National Pictures comedy-drama about romance and marital strife  The screenplay was written by Lenore Coffee and the film featured Lewis Stone and Anna Q  Nilsson  Her final movie was a western, The Arizona Kid (1930)  It stars Baxter, Carole Lombard, and Mona Maris 
Mooers also performed on stage in New York City 

Personal life
In 1917, Mooers became the wife of Edward "Eddie" Demarest Mooers, owner of the Yellow Aster gold mine in Randsburg, California, the richest gold mine in the United States  Mr  Mooers' family disapproved of her career from the time she left her home on Alvarado Terrace, barely out of her teens  An agreement was made in which representatives of the wealthy husband's family accompanied him to Mooers' studio once a month  They observed her behavior for signs of changes  The union between actress and mining scion became fractured and collapsed after the inquisitors decided Mooers had become less "lovely, charming, and conventional"  The couple were divorced in May 1925 
Mooers had a relationship with Allan Rock, who produced "The Blonde Vampire " Mooers signed as a witness on the contract that Rock made with "America's First Supermodel", Audrey Munson, that led to Munson's syndicated 1921 newspaper series and its spin-off movie "Heedless Moths" (1921) Mooers later married actor Harry Lewis  She was a member of the Woman's Breakfast Club and director of the McKinley Home For Boys 

Searcher
In October 1920 Mooers was enticed by St  Louis Cardinals owner, Warren Fuzzy Anderson to locate his nephew, Jimmy Anderson  Fuzzy Anderson was once a partner of Henry Ford  He handled foreign distribution for Ford Motor Company parts  He had no other close relatives to leave his wealth to aside from Jimmie, who left St  Louis, Missouri in 1918 
Mooers resided at the Canterbury Inn on Westlake Avenue in Los Angeles while she performed her investigation  She was promised a diamond necklace by the baseball owner if she could find Jimmie  The nephew was rumored to have relocated to Hollywood and become a stunt man in motion pictures 

Death
In 1960 De Sacia Mooers died following a six-week illness in Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center  She was seventy-two years old  Her residence was at 1523 North McCadden Place, Los Angeles 

Partial filmography
The Challenge (1922)
The Blonde Vampire (1922)
Potash and Perlmutter (1923)
Restless Wives (1924)
It Is the Law (1924)
The Average Woman (1924)
Any Woman (1925)
Forbidden Waters (1926)
Broadway Nights (1927)
Lonesome Ladies (1927)
Back to Liberty (1927)
Tongues of Scandal (1927)
By Whose Hand? (1927)
Confessions of a Wife (1928)
Shanghai Rose (1929)
Just Off Broadway (1929)
The Arizona Kid (1930)
Passage 2:
Joseph De Grasse
Joseph Louis De Grasse (May 4, 1873 – May 25, 1940) was a Canadian film director  Born in Bathurst, New Brunswick, he was the elder brother of actor Sam De Grasse 

Biography
Joseph De Grasse had studied and was a first-class graduate of accounting and he began his career as a journalist, but soon became enamored with the theater and took work as a stage actor  In 1903, he quit his full-time job as the City of Boston's bookkeeper to pursue acting  In 1910, he acted in his first motion picture and although he would appear as an actor in 13 films, and write 2 screenplays, his real interest was in directing 
While working in Hollywood for Universal Pictures, De Grasse met and married one of the few female directors working at the time, Ida May Park (1879–1954)  In 1915, he became a founding member of the Motion Picture Directors Association, a forerunner to today's Directors Guild of America 
During his career he directed a total of 86 films  In 1924, actor Lon Chaney said of the De Grasses:

Joe and Sam De Grasses are two of the most talented personalities in today's film industry  Joe, a very skilled actor, is also the consummate director, firm in his demands yet gentle in his way of dealing with many different temperaments to be found in the movie industry  Sam is the only actor I know who can horrify an audience without make-up and without grotesque posturing and playing to the camera  He is the only actor I know who pulls teeth on the set in between takes  A rare pair, they have given the industry not one but two dimensions 
Joseph De Grasse died in Eagle Rock, California; he collapsed on a street while walking, and was taken to hospital where he was pronounced dead  The cause of his death was a heart attack 

Filmography
Director
Actor
The Place Beyond the Winds (1916) - Anton Farwell
Triumph (1917) - Man at Theatre (uncredited)
After the War (1918)
So Big (1924) - Simeon Peake
The Cowboy Kid (1928) - John Grover
The Drunkard (1935) - Mr  Miller
The Dawn Rider (1935) - Dad Mason
The Adventures of Frank Merriwell (1936, Serial) - Dr  Cummings (uncredited) (final film role)

Preservation
The three surviving reels of De Grasse's film Triumph were restored by the Academy Film Archive in 2012 

See also
Other Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood
Passage 3:
The Piper's Price
The Piper's Price is a 1917 silent drama film directed by Joe De Grasse and starring Lon Chaney, William Stowell and Dorothy Phillips  It was the first in a series of films co-starring William Stowell and Dorothy Phillips together  The screenplay was written by Ida May Park, based on the short story by Nancy Mann Waddel Woodrow (aka Mrs  Wilson Woodrow)  The film was released in the U K  as Storm and Sunshine  The film is today considered lost  A still exists showing Lon Chaney in the role of Billy Kilmartin 

Plot
Ralph Hadley's ex-wife, Jessica, is a shrewd businesswoman, while his new wife, Amy, is the perfect homemaker  Billy Kilmartin (Lon Chaney), an attorney, has sought to woo Jessica for many years, and now that she is divorced from Ralph, he doubles down on his efforts to win her  At a stockholders meeting, Jessica makes several intelligent suggestions that win both the approval of the company and Ralph's admiration  Ralph wants Jessica back and takes her to lunch  Amy soon hears gossip about her husband dating his ex-wife and she worries about losing him to the other woman 
Amy learns that she is pregnant, but decides to keep it a secret from Ralph  She goes to Ralph's office and is introduced to Jessica at a meeting there, and after Jessica leaves, Amy starts a fight with Ralph  Ralph considers the whole thing entirely innocent, but soon realizes that it's not just a harmless fling  He is indeed falling in love with his ex-wife 
Amy goes to Jessica, telling her that she and Ralph are going to have a child together, and Jessica realizes she must stop seeing Ralph  But when Ralph finally demands to see her, she tells him that she and Billy Kilmartin were married that morning  Ralph goes home, prepared to commit suicide, when the doctor enters and congratulates him on the birth of his child  Ralph realizes that Amy was his true love all the time,  and the happy family are reunited 

Cast
William Stowell as Ralph Hadley
Dorothy Phillips as Amy Hadley, Ralph's wife
Maude George as Jessica Hadley, Ralph's ex-wife (credited as Maud George)
Lon Chaney as Billy Kilmartin
Claire Du Brey as Jessica's Maid

Reception
"Such conduct on the part of the two offenders against common decency should put them outside the pale of sympathy, and the second wife exhibits such a lamentable weakness of character during the affair that pity for her should be mingled with contempt  It cannot be denied, however, that there exists a grade of mind which will follow the fortunes of these three humans with the deepest interest and herald the ending as a triumph for justice and truth  An important factor in bringing about this result is the excellence of the acting by the entire cast " ---Moving Picture World"A well treated domestic drama is THE PIPER'S PRICE, quite conventional when you get down to the bottom of things, but original on the surface, due to a few new twists   Dorothy Phillips, as Amy, gives an emotional performance   while Lon Chaney has the only other part of importance " ---Motion Picture News
Passage 4:
Daisy Irani
Daisy Irani may refer to:

Daisy Irani (actress), an Indian actress
Daisy Irani (television personality), an Indian-born Singaporean actress and TV personality
Passage 5:
Razif Onn
Razif Onn is a professional football coach from Singapore 

Warriors FC
First taking the reins of Warriors FC in 2015 right before the end of the season, he was in charge of them for five games  Calculated in total, he lost three, won one, and drew one despite winning the first game, a 2–0 victory over Hougang United  In the end, they finished fifth and the youth coach asseverated that it was unequivocally 'unacceptable' for a club like Warriors FC  On their last fixture, Geylang International beat them 6-0 as well After Jorg Steinebrunner's unheralded departure in May 2016, Onn was appointed coach of Warriors FC;there was already speculation about Onn's return anyway  His first match would be a round 13 clash opposing Tampines Rovers; he managed to hold them to a scoreless draw  Unlike his predecessor, he managed to get 18 points from 13 matches, and recorded only one defeat in his first five games in charge which signified an improvement However, he lost all his cup matches in 2016 by exiting the Singapore Cup and losing three times in the League Cup In the 2017 season, he improved well in terms of the Warriors FC style of play bringing back the lights of Shahril Ishak and Baihakki Khaizan  He finished the season 5th as a first full season manager at Warriors FC  At the end of the season, Razif were reassigned as Warriors FC head of youth development, the head coach position later taken by Mirko Grabovac 
Passage 6:
The Blonde from Singapore
The Blonde from Singapore (also released as Hot Pearls) is a 1941 American adventure film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Florence Rice



ground_truth: Madrid

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which country the performer of song I Believe In Your Sweet Love is from?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  She cites "River Deep – Mountain High" as being her all-time favourite song  Other artists that influenced Tyler in her youth include Aretha Franklin, Wilson Pickett, Meat Loaf, Joe Cocker, Dusty Springfield and Tommy Steele  She has also expressed admiration for contemporary artists such as Guns N' Roses, Anastacia, Toni Braxton, Duffy, and Eminem  She has also expressed interest in collaborating with Adele, whom she describes as "a great song writer, singer and performer "

Vocal style
Tyler's music contains elements of country, rock, pop, blues and Celtic  Her voice has been likened to Rod Stewart and Kim Carnes as a result of her vocal cord nodule operation in the 1970s, sometimes even being referred to as "the female Rod Stewart", and, after her collaborations with Jim Steinman, "the female Meat Loaf"  Soon after her operation, when recording her second album, Natural Force, the studio band complimented Tyler's changed voice  Reviewers from AllMusic have described Tyler's voice as "inimitable", "wonderfully gritty", and an "effective instrument" for drawing notice to her first managers, Ronnie Scott and Steve Wolfe In a review of Rocks and Honey, OMH Media described Tyler's vocals as being "good for only one thing and that's belting out gravelly vocals," suggesting that she sounds like Johnny Cash in his later years when she "tries to restrain [her voice] " With reference to her modern voice, The Yorkshire Times wrote that Tyler's vocals have "still got what it takes to make you tingle " Jim Steinman told People magazine that he wrote "Total Eclipse of the Heart" as a "showpiece for [Tyler's] voice " AllMusic said that Tyler's voice "produced the perfect type of 'desperate lovelorn' effect to suit the romantic lyrics "

Songwriting
Though songwriting has never been a significant part of Tyler's career, she has co-written a handful of B-Sides and other tracks  "Gonna Get Better", a B-Side to the 1980 Japanese single "Sayonara Tokyo", was written with her brother, Paul Hopkins In 2001, Tyler co-wrote four songs with Gary Pickford-Hopkins on his GPH album, and duetted with him on the track "Loving You Means Leaving You"  Tyler was also involved in writing several tracks for her 2005 album Wings, including its singles "Louise" and "Celebrate" 

Philanthropy
Tyler has featured in three charity supergroups  In 1986, she joined the Anti-Heroin Project to record "It's a Live-In World"  The proceeds were donated to the Phoenix House Charities who funded heroin recovery centres in the UK 
In the following year, Tyler featured as a chorus vocalist in the British-American charity group Ferry Aid, who released a cover of "Let It Be" by the Beatles  Proceeds were donated to a charity supporting the victims of the Zeebrugge Disaster  The single sold over 500,000 copies in the UK where it topped the charts for three weeks  In 1990, Tyler joined Rock Against Repatriation to record a cover of "Sailing"  It was a protest song in response to the repatriation of Vietnamese boat people who fled to Hong Kong  The single peaked at no  89 on the UK Singles Chart Since the 1990s, Tyler has been a patron of the Bobath Children's Therapy Centre in Cardiff, Wales, who provide care for children with cerebral palsy  In 2013, she campaigned for Bobath to be recognised at the Pride of Britain Awards  Tyler is also an ambassador for the Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales  In January 2005, Tyler performed at the Rock for Asia benefit concert in Ingolstadt, Germany, raising funds for the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami  The event was recorded and released on DVD  In 2007, Tyler recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for Over the Rainbow, a charity album conceptualised by Anneka Rice on the television show Challenge Anneka  The album reached no  1 on the UK Compilation Chart, with proceeds going to the Association of Children's Hospices On 1 November 2009, Tyler performed as the headline act at the Pinktober Women in Rock concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London  In the following year, she co-headlined at a benefit concert alongside Leo Sayer raising funds for Variety, the Children's Charity, in New Zealand  In 2012, Tyler was named patron of the AAG animal charity association in Guia, Portugal  Tyler re-recorded "Holding Out for a Hero" for the 2013 Children in Need appeal  In 2014, she endorsed the BUAV's campaign to make it mandatory for animals in testing laboratories to be re-homed  In 2020, Tyler contributed to a cover of "Don't Answer Me" by the Alan Parsons Project to raise funds for Bergamo, an Italian city that was deeply impacted by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic 

Personal life
In July 1973, Tyler married Robert Sullivan  He is a property developer and 1972 Olympic judo competitor  They have no children; Tyler miscarried when she was aged 39  Tyler and her family are Protestant Since 1988, Tyler and her husband have owned a five-bedroom home in Albufeira, Portugal in the Algarve  Tyler had recorded one of her albums there in the late 1970s, and the couple spend much of the year there  In 2005, Tyler was filmed in the Algarve for the Polish entertainment TV show Zacisze gwiazd, which explores the houses of actors and musicians Tyler and Sullivan have invested in property  As of a 1999 interview, they owned farmland in Portugal and New Zealand, 22 houses in Berkshire and London, and 65 stables offering horse boarding services  In a 2013 interview, Tyler stated that the farm in New Zealand had been converted to a dairy farm twelve years after they purchased the land  In the same interview, she stated that she and Sullivan also own a quarry 

Discography
Studio albums
The World Starts Tonight (1977)
Natural Force (1978)
Diamond Cut (1979)
Goodbye to the Island (1981)
Faster Than the Speed of Night (1983)
Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire (1986)
Hide Your Heart (1988) also known as Notes From America
Bitterblue (1991)
Angel Heart (1992)
Silhouette in Red (1993)
Free Spirit (1995)
All in One Voice (1998)
Heart Strings (2003) also known as Heart & Soul
Simply Believe (2004)
Wings (2005) also known as Celebrate
Rocks and Honey (2013)
Between the Earth and the Stars (2019)
The Best Is Yet to Come (2021)

Honours, awards and recognition
"Total Eclipse of the Heart" and "It's a Heartache" have estimated sales of over 6 million units each, and are among the best-selling singles of all time Tyler's 1976 breakthrough with "Lost in France" led to her nomination for Best British Female Newcomer at the 1977 Brit Awards  In the 1980s, she received nominations for two more Brit Awards, and three Grammy Awards  In 2013, she was presented with the Gold Badge award by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) In 1979, Tyler won the 10th World Popular Song Festival with "Sitting on the Edge of the Ocean", representing the United Kingdom  Tyler also became the first and only representative of the United Kingdom to receive a Eurovision Song Contest Radio award in 2013  She was also one of the first western artists to tour the Soviet Union In addition to her music awards, Tyler has received local honours in Wales; including being named freeman of Neath Port Talbot in 2011, and an honorary degree and doctorate from Swansea University in 2013  She is also an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama  In 2016, she was honoured by the Lord Mayor of Swansea for Services to Music Tyler was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to music 

See also
List of artists who reached number one on the UK Singles Chart
List of artists who reached number one in the United States
Passage 2:
Sweet Love
Sweet Love may refer to:

"Sweet Love" (Anita Baker song), 1985
"Sweet Love" (Company of Strangers song), 1992
"Sweet Love" (Chris Brown song), 2012
"Sweet Love" (Commodores song), 1976
Passage 3:
Shine On (Shine All Your Sweet Love on Me)
"Shine On (Shine All Your Sweet Love on Me)" is a song written by Johnny MacRae and Bob Morrison, and recorded by American country music artist George Jones   It was released in January 1983 as the first single from his album Shine On  The song peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart  "Shine On" was Jones' sixth Top 10 solo hit in less than three years  The song also displayed some of the pop elements that producer Billy Sherrill would introduce into George's sound over the course of his next few albums 

Chart performance
Passage 4:
O Valencia!
"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife 
The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy  It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers  The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang  At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer 

Track listing
The 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side 

Music videos
For the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage  Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea  The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2  The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location  At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape  Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office"  The letters have all burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song  The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers  Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis)  They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan  Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before they gang up on him  The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca  They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch  After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection  2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe  The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town  Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick 
The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums)  The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives"  The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in Bottle Rocket 
Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists video footage 
Passage 5:
I Believe in Your Sweet Love
"I Believe in Your Sweet Love" is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler  It was released as a standalone single in November 1979, and Tyler later re-recorded it for her fourth studio album, Goodbye to the Island (1981)  The song was written by Ronnie Scott and Steve Wolfe, who co-produced the track with Hugh Murphy 
The song was a hit in Canada, where it reached number 27 on the RPM Adult Contemporary chart  Record Mirror nominated it as a single of the week upon its release 

Background
Tyler's success was in decline (except in Scandinavian countries) after she failed to match the success of her 1978 single "It's a Heartache" with subsequent releases  Diamond Cut (1979) only reached number 145 in the United States, and its most successful singles "Too Good to Last" and "My Guns Are Loaded" only saw regional success in mainland Europe and Canada 
Tyler released two singles in late 1979: "Sitting on the Edge of the Ocean", which saw her win the World Popular Song Festival in Japan; and "I Believe in Your Sweet Love" 
"I Believe in Your Sweet Love" was also released on Tyler's album Lost in France: The Early Years (2005) 

Music video
The video was filmed in Beaulieu Palace House in Brockenhurst, United Kingdom 

Charts
External links
Lyrics to this song at Genius
Passage 6:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 7:
I Believe in Everything (song)
"I Believe in Everything" is a song by John Entwistle  "I Believe in Everything" was released as a single in 1971  The B-side was "My Size"  The song also appears on Entwistle's debut solo album, Smash Your Head Against the Wall  When Entwistle was asked about the song in comparison to the rest of the album, he said:

I've been saying a lot of stuff that I didn't really believe in  I sort of wrote it for the heads, really, the people thinking, "ah, so that's where Entwistle's brain's at, he really sort of believes in the devil and hell and all that sort of business " So I wrote a number that touches on reincarnation, then goes into the absurd, with Father Christmas and the whole bit and right at the end just to prevent the heads from thinking that I did believe in everything like I was saying, 'cause they always seem to believe that you actually believe in your own words  I believe in some of them but not all of them, so I just wrote the joke in to throw them off, and it's done it 
The song ends with a chorus of "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" 

Personnel
John Entwistle – vocals, bass
Dave "Cyrano" Langston – guitar
Jerry Shirley – drums
Keith Moon – backing vocals
Passage 8:
Believe in Me (Bonnie Tyler song)
"Believe in Me" is a song by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler from her sixteenth studio album Rocks and Honey (2013)  American songwriter Desmond Child composed the song with British songwriters Lauren Christy and Christopher Braide  It was released as the album's lead single on 13 March 2013  The song was written to "uplift the world", and was completed by Child whilst having dinner with Tyler 
The song was recorded in the Blackbird Studios, Nashville, Tennessee  The lyrics depict Tyler telling a lover who does not believe in love or religion to just believe in her  "Believe in Me" was selected as the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest entry for the United Kingdom  To comply with the song duration rules, the album version was cut to three minutes and three seconds for radio play and for live performance  The photograph used for the cover art was taken by Tyler's nephew, Andrew Hopkins  Following the Eurovision Song Contest, the song peaked at No  93 in the United Kingdom, but did not chart elsewhere 
"Believe in Me" received mixed reviews from music critics, and the song was largely blamed for Tyler's mediocre final score in the Eurovision Song Contest Grand Final  Despite the single's chart placing and result at Eurovision, both Tyler and the single won categories in the Eurovision Song Contest Radio Awards; the first time a UK representative has won in a category in the ESC Radio's history 

Background and release
Tyler had been working on her sixteenth studio album Rocks and Honey since 2008  She recorded the album in the Blackbird Studios, Nashville, Tennessee, and released the album on 8 March 2013 in Europe, one day after Tyler was announced as the United Kingdom's representative at the Eurovision Song Contest  The official release of "Believe in Me" followed a week later, released on 13 March by Celtic Swan Recordings in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and 15 March in Europe  At her appearance on The One Show Tyler explained that the song had already been written before the BBC suggested it as the Eurovision entry when she sent a demo of Rocks and Honey to them  The song has also been added to the SingStar store as a karaoke track  A remix single of the song by Blutonium Boy & Matty Menk was released on 13 May by Celtic Swan Recordings The music video was published on the BBC's official YouTube channel on 6 March 2013  The video was shot in East Sussex in a beach hut and on a nearby beach  Alongside the music video film crew there was a second crew that filmed a 'making-of' video  The BBC published the film in late March 

Composition
Lauren Christy and Christopher Braide's involvement in composing "Believe in Me" is unknown, though when it was announced that the song would represent the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013, Bonnie Tyler told The Telegraph that Child finished composing the song at dinner 

"When I got to Nashville, I was looking for songs around the publishers, and got in touch with Desmond and he said "come up for dinner tomorrow night and I'll give you some songs " He'd already recorded some of these demos, but I said "I really love these two songs " And he said "But "Believe in Me" isn't finished yet  I tell you what, come back up for dinner tomorrow night and I'll finish writing it then," which is what he did  I'll never forget that night, we got there and Bob Ezrin was there, the producer of The Wall for Pink Floyd  After dinner [Child] wrote the second verse "
Welsh singer Paul Child conducted an interview with Desmond Child in Nashville in April 2013 to discuss his work with Bonnie Tyler, both with "Believe in Me" and in the beginnings when he wrote her hit single "If You Were a Woman" in the 1980s  Paul Child drew similarities between the lyrical and rhythmic structure of "Believe in Me" and the Labelle song "Lady Marmalade", specifically with the lines "Voulez-vous coucher avec moi (ce soir)?" and "[   ] and you laugh at the thought of putting your faith in stuff, like love"  Desmond stated that they (Child, Christy and Braide) wanted to write a song that would "uplift the world, and we're so thrilled that Bonnie sang it and that it got chosen to represent the UK "

Reception
Critical response
Upon its initial release, the song received mixed reviews from music critics  UKMIX described the song as "quite blissful with a smooth vocal delivery and some pretty nice lyrics," but despite not being able to fault the song, the reviewer was unsure that the song was the right choice for the Eurovision Song Contest and predicted that Tyler would suffer the same criticism that Engelbert Humperdinck received the previous year  Robert Copsey from Digital Spy gave the song two stars out of five, stating that the song is a "polar opposite to the slew of Euro-club bangers entering this year's contest," but applauded Tyler for entering the Eurovision Song Contest with the contrasting song  The Guardian held a poll on their website asking the public if they expected Tyler to be successful at Eurovision  The results were fairly even with 46% predicting that Tyler would win and 54% voting that they didn't expect Tyler to win  Ann Gripper from the Daily Mirror described the song as "heartfelt," and went on to say that Tyler "can still sing " She criticised the songwriters' choice of "above" and "stuff" as the first rhyming lyrics, but noted the line "you never see the rainbow, you just curse the rain" as an improvement, and an opportunity to "have some fun with the staging on finals night in Malmo " Gripper concluded by saying that it "doesn't get into your head like (2012 Sweden winning song) "Euphoria"," and stated that unless the staging is "spectacular", the song won't be remembered by voting time 

Commercial performance
Commercially, the song reached minor success on record charts  On 19 May 2013, "Believe in Me" scored the highest Eurovision-related new entry on that week's Top 100 UK Singles Chart, despite finishing 19th in the contest  The song climbed up to No  86 in the UK mid-week charts following its debut at No  93, but dropped out of the Top 100 by the following week 

Accolades
Bonnie Tyler won Best Song (with 12 6% of the vote) and Best Female Singer (with 16 9% of the vote) at the Eurovision Song Contest Radio Awards, and became the first representative of the United Kingdom to receive an award from ESC Radio since its initiation in 2006 

Eurovision Song Contest 2013
Tyler was selected by the BBC to represent the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013  The first rehearsal took place on 12 May, the second on 15 May and the performance in front of the jury on 17 May 2013  Tyler's final performance of "Believe in Me" took place on 18 May during the Grand Final, with Anthony Goldsbrough (guitar and backing vocals), Michael Gazzard (guitar and backing vocals), Hayley Sanderson (guitar and backing vocals), Kristen Cummings (keyboards and backing vocals) and Grant Mugent-Kershaw (drums)  The song was staged with Tyler standing by a microphone stand with her backing group before walking down the catwalk onto a rising platform The song finished in 19th place with points from Ireland (7), Malta (5), Spain (4), Romania (3), Switzerland (2), Sweden (1) and Slovenia (1), a total of 23 points 

Reaction to the Eurovision results
Several journalists and singers have made public their views on the song and the result  Irish entrant and three-time winner of Eurovision Johnny Logan complimented Tyler, but argued that the song wasn't strong enough  He continued, "If you're going to win Eurovision, to go through some of the incredible voting I've noticed over the last few years, you have to have something that's going to stand out above everything else  Otherwise you're just going to hope to pick up 10 or 11 votes " Similarly, Nathan Moore agreed that the song was not strong enough, but said "It was a great idea to get Bonnie involved, there's a lot of love for Bonnie out there " Mick Dalley (of Yahoo! News) agreed that "although Tyler herself was on form, singing beautifully and rousing the crowd with her podiumed finale, "Believe in Me" was simply not good enough as a song" 1997 UK winner Katrina Leskanich (of Katrina and the Waves) stated that she was underwhelmed by Denmark's entry, and expected Tyler to have scored higher than she did  British journalist Dave Goodman acknowledged that Tyler's entry was an improvement on the previous year, though argued that it was a combination of a poor position in the running order and the song that kept the UK from scoring higher During promotion for Rocks and Honey in France, Bonnie Tyler spoke out against the Eurovision Song Contest's incidents  After being asked if she believes the contest is rigged, she replied, "I think so "
"The next day after the Eurovision, the Russians were complaining to Azerbaijan, "why didn't you give us the ten points we paid for?" Excuse me! "We paid for?" Is this a competition?     I don't care about that  We [United Kingdom] haven't won for sixteen years, and I didn't expect to win  It's too bad that politics come in to it, it should be a songwriting competition, not who lives next door to you "
The Daily Mail claimed that Tyler overheard the conversation of Russians complaining to Azerbaijanis and spread the rumour; Tyler challenged this and said that she had seen it on Sky News 

Performances and promotion
Tyler first performed the song in Berlin, Germany where she featured as a guest on the Rock Meets Classic Tour in February to March 2013  Tyler was still involved with the tour when it was announced that she would be representing the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest in May, and after appearing on The One Show in London, she returned to Germany to begin promoting "Believe in Me"  On 19 April, she stopped off at the Cologne Cathedral and the Madame Tussauds wax museum in Berlin for a photo shoot and unveiled wax figurines of the members of ABBA  On 28 April, the Leute Heute (German TV show) film team published a video from visiting Tyler's house a few weeks before to interview her on her participation in the Eurovision Song Contest  At mid-day, Tyler was interviewed and then performed an acoustic version of the song on BBC Radio 2's Weekend Wogan with her Eurovision group  Her final television appearance in the UK was on 3 May, when she performed "Believe in Me" on The Graham Norton Show After arriving in Malmö on 10 May, Tyler was received positively by the press and by the other Eurovision entrants  Particular support came from Finland's entrant Krista Siegfrids and Malta's entrant Gianluca Bezzina  Before the voting concluded, the UK received 2 more points from Switzerland and the Lithuanian spokesperson spoke "I love you, Bonnie Tyler" despite the UK not scoring any Lithuanian votes 

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of the CD single 

Track listings and formats
Germany Maxi CD single"Believe in Me" (Radio edit) – 3:01
"Believe in Me" (Album version) – 3:57
"Stubborn" – 3:46UK Digital download"Believe in Me" (Eurovision edit) – 3:01

Charts
Release history
Passage 9:
I Believe in Love (Bonnie Guitar song)
"I Believe in Love" is a song written by Boudleaux Bryant and recorded by American country artist, Bonnie Guitar 
The song was recorded in January 1968 and officially released as a single in April  "I Believe in Love" peaked at number ten on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, becoming her third and final top ten on any Billboard list  The single also became Guitar's final major hit as a musical artist  Additionally, "I Believe in Love" reached a peak of number thirty on the Canadian RPM Country Songs chart in August 1968  It became her final chart appearance on the latter chart  The single was later issued on Guitar's album for Dot Records, also entitled I Believe in Love 

Chart performance
Passage 10:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb



ground_truth: United Kingdom

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died first, The Piper'S Price or The Blonde From Singapore?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 

Cast
Florence Rice as Mary Brooks
Leif Erickson as Terry Prescott
Gordon Jones as 'Waffles' Billings
Don Beddoe as Sgt  Burns
Alexander D'Arcy as Prince Sali
Adele Rowland as Sultana
Lumsden Hare as Reginald Belvin
Richard Terry as Tada
Emory Parnell as Capt  Nelson
Uncredited actors include Filipino Hollywood actor Rudy Robles as the servant 
Passage 7:
The Blonde from Peking
The Blonde from Peking (French: La blonde de Pékin, Italian: La bionda di Pechino, German: Die Blonde von Peking, also known as Peking Blonde) is a 1967 French-Italian-German adventure film written and directed by Nicolas Gessner  It is loosely based on the 1966 novel You Have Yourself a Deal by James Hadley Chase 

Cast
Mireille Darc as Erika Olsen / Christine
Claudio Brook as Garland / Gandler
Giorgia Moll  as Jinny / Nurse Peggy
Edward G  Robinson as Douglas
Pascale Roberts as  Monica Davis
Carl Studer as Captain  Hardy
Jean-Jacques Delbo as  Olsen
Valéry Inkijinoff  as  Fang O Kung
Yves Elliot as  Jackson
Tony Young  as  Yen Hay Sun
Guido Celano as De Luca
Joe Warfield  as Doctor
Philippe March as Bijoutier
Françoise Brion as  Erika Olsen #2
Hellmut Lange  as  Malik
Werner Schwier  as  Smernoff
Passage 8:
Edward Dmytryk
Edward Dmytryk (September 4, 1908 – July 1, 1999) was a Canadian-born American film director and editor  He was known for his 1940s noir films and received an Oscar nomination for Best Director for Crossfire (1947)  In 1947, he was named as one of the Hollywood Ten, a group of blacklisted film industry professionals who refused to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in their investigations during the McCarthy-era Red Scare  They all served time in prison for contempt of Congress  In 1951, however, Dmytryk testified to the HUAC and named individuals, including Arnold Manoff, whose careers were then destroyed for many years, to rehabilitate his own career   First hired again by independent producer Stanley Kramer in 1952, Dmytryk is likely best known for directing The Caine Mutiny (1954), a critical and commercial success  The second-highest-grossing film of the year, it was nominated for Best Picture and several other awards at the 1955 Oscars  Dmytryk was nominated for a Directors Guild Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures 

Background
Dmytryk was born on September 4, 1908, in Grand Forks, British Columbia, Canada   His Ukrainian immigrant parents were Frances (Berezowski) and Michael Dmytryk, a severe disciplinarian who bounced among jobs as truck driver, smelter worker, and motorman   The family moved to San Francisco, California, and then to Los Angeles  After his mother died, his father remarried 

Career
Dmytryk worked as a messenger at Famous Players-Lasky (forerunner of Paramount Pictures) for $6 per week while attending Hollywood High School  He progressed to projectionist, film editor, and by age 31, a director and a naturalized citizen of the United States 

1930–1940s
Dmytryk worked in the editing department on films such as The Dance of Life (1929), Only Saps Work (1930), The Royal Family of Broadway (1930), Make Me a Star (1932), The Phantom President (1932), and If I Had a Million (1932)  He helped edit two Leo McCarey movies: Duck Soup (1933) and Six of a Kind (1934)  He edited College Rhythm (1934), followed by Leo McCarey's Ruggles of Red Gap (1935) 
Dmytryk made his directorial debut with The Hawk (1935), a low-budget, independent Western  He returned to editing duties at Paramount, but was assigned to B films:Too Many Parents (1936), Three Cheers for Love (1936), Three Married Men (1936), Easy to Take (1936), Murder Goes to College (1937), Turn Off the Moon (1937), Double or Nothing (1937) with Bing Crosby, and That Navy Spirit (1937)   Dmytryk also edited Bulldog Drummond's Peril (1938) and Prison Farm (1938)  He moved his way to A movies with Zaza (1938), directed by George Cukor  McCarey asked him over to RKO to edit Love Affair (1939)  He returned to Paramount to edit the Bob Hope comedy Some Like It Hot (1939) 
Dmytryk did some uncredited directing on Million Dollar Legs (1939) with Betty Grable  This encouraged Paramount to allow him to direct Television Spy (1939)  He followed it with Emergency Squad (1940), Golden Gloves (1940), and Mystery Sea Raider (1940) with Carole Landis 
Dmytryk went to Monogram Pictures to direct the musical Her First Romance (1940) 
He went over to Columbia to direct for its B picture unit: The Devil Commands (1941) with Boris Karloff, Under Age (1941), Broadway Ahead (1941), Hot Pearls (1941), Secrets of the Lone Wolf (1941), Confessions of Boston Blackie (1941), and Counter-Espionage (1942), a "Lone Wolf" movie 
Dmytryk signed a contract to RKO, where he continued to direct B movies, starting with Seven Miles from Alcatraz (1942)  However, he then made Hitler's Children (1943), which turned out to be a massive "sleeper" hit, earning over $3 million The one-time success did not immediately change his career, and he remained in B movies such as The Falcon Strikes Back (1943), and then went to Universal for Captive Wild Woman (1943)  Back at RKO, he directed Behind the Rising Sun (1943), a Hitler's Children-style thriller about the Japanese  It was another box-office sensation, and Dmytryk was promoted to A films Dmytryk directed Ginger Rogers, RKO's biggest star, in the melodrama Tender Comrade (1943), which was a huge hit  He followed it with  the popular film noir Murder, My Sweet (1944), adapted from Raymond Chandler's novel Farewell, My Lovely by John Paxton and produced by Adrian Scott; the star was Dick Powell, whose performance as Philip Marlow completely revitalized Powell's career  Dymtryk did Back to Bataan (1945), a war film starring John Wayne, then he was reunited with Powell, Paxton, and Scott for another film noir, Cornered (1945)  He did Till the End of Time (1946), a drama about soldiers coming back from the war, which was a big hit, and went to England to make So Well Remembered (1947) with Paxton and Scott 
Dmytryk, Scott, and Paxton then collaborated on the hugely successful thriller Crossfire (1947), for which Dmytryk received a Best Director Oscar nomination  The success of his pictures and recognition from his peers established him as RKO's leading director 

Hollywood Ten
After the war, many Americans were alarmed by the Cold War actions of the Soviet Union in central and western Europe, magnified by reports of covert communist activity in the U S   Fueled by the accusations of U S  Senator Joseph McCarthy, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigated Communist Party influence in the film industry as part of a period known as McCarthism (or the "Second Red Scare")  Dmytryk was among those called to testify about it before HUAC in 1947  Dmytryk briefly had been a Communist Party member in 1944 and 1945  He was persuaded by his former party associates to join nine other Hollywood figures in a public refusal to testify  The Hollywood Ten were cited for contempt of Congress and sentenced to prison terms  Dmytryk was fired from RKO 
Dmytryk fled to England and unofficially was ostracized by the American film industry and his former friends in it  In England, he made two films for producer Nat Bronstein: a thriller Obsession (1949), and Give Us This Day (1949), a neo-realistic movie sympathetic to the working man, based on the novel Christ in Concrete  The latter movie, which was successful in Europe, was released as Christ in Concrete in the United States and quickly suppressed  When his U S  passport expired, Dmytryk returned to the United States, where he was arrested and imprisoned  He served four months and 17 days in Millspoint Prison, West Virginia 
On April 25, 1951, Dmytryk appeared before HUAC for the second time and answered all questions  He spoke of his own brief party membership in 1945 and named party members, including seven film directors: Arnold Manoff, Frank Tuttle, Herbert Biberman, Jack Berry, Bernard Vorhaus, Jules Dassin, and Michael Gordon, and 15 others  He said that he was prompted to change his mind by the Alger Hiss case, the discovery of spies in the U S  and Canada, and the invasion of South Korea  He said that John Howard Lawson, Adrian Scott, Albert Maltz, and others had pressured him to include communist elements in his films  His testimony damaged several court cases that others of the "Ten" had filed He recounted his experiences of the period in his 1996 book, Odd Man Out: A Memoir of the Hollywood Ten 

1950s–1980s
Dmytryk's first film after his testimony was Mutiny (1952) from the King Brothers  Independent American producer Stanley Kramer then hired Dmytryk to direct a trio of low-budget films for Kramer's company, which were released through Columbia: The Sniper (1952), Eight Iron Men (1952) and The Juggler (1953) with Kirk Douglas  In between, he directed Three Lives (1953), a short film for the United Jewish Appeal Kramer then selected Dmytryk to direct Humphrey Bogart and Van Johnson in Columbia's The Caine Mutiny (1954), a World War II naval drama adapted from Herman Wouk's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel   It proved to be a great critical and commercial success, ranking second among high-grossing films of the year, and in 1955, received Oscar nominations for Best Picture and Best Actor Dmytryk went over to 20th Century Fox, where he directed Spencer Tracy and Robert Wagner in Broken Lance (1954)  He went to England to do The End of the Affair (1955) with Deborah Kerr and Van Johnson for Columbia, then returned to Fox to make Soldier of Fortune (1955) with Clark Gable, The Left Hand of God (1955) with Bogart, and The Mountain (1956) with Tracy and Wagner  Dmytryk produced the latter He went to MGM, then under his old RKO boss Dore Schary, to make Raintree County (1957) with Montgomery Clift and Elizabeth Taylor  At Fox, he did The Young Lions (1958), a popular war film with Clift and Marlon Brando, then the Western Warlock (1959) (which he produced), and a flop remake of The Blue Angel (1959) Dmytryk made Walk on the Wild Side (1962) for producer Charles Feldman  He produced and directed The Reluctant Saint (1962)  He had a huge hit with The Carpetbaggers (1964) from the novel by Harold Robbins for producer Joseph E  Levine  He was given Where Love Has Gone (1964), another Robbins adaptation by Levine  This was followed by the Gregory Peck thriller Mirage (1965), the William Holden Western Alvarez Kelly (1966), a war film Anzio, (1968) and Shalako (1968), a Western with Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot Dmytryk wrote and directed Bluebeard (1972) with Richard Burton  He did the little-seen He Is My Brother (1975) and The 'Human' Factor (1975)  His last film was Not Only Strangers (1979) In the 1980s, Dmytryk entered academic life  He taught about film and directing at the University of Texas at Austin and at the University of Southern California film school  He wrote several books on the art of film-making (such as On Film Editing and On Screenwriting)  He also appeared on the lecture circuit, speaking at various colleges and theaters, such as the Orson Welles Cinema 

Personal life and death
Dmytryk married his second wife, actress Jean Porter, on May 12, 1948  He died at age 90 on July 1, 1999, in Encino, California, from heart and kidney failure  He was buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Hollywood 

Legacy and honors
1948: Best Director (Oscar nomination) for Crossfire
1955: Best Picture (Oscars nomination) for The Caine Mutiny
1955: Directors Guild Award (nomination) for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures

Filmography
This filmography lists all the feature films directed by Dmytryk and may be complete:

See also
The Hollywood Ten documentary
Passage 9:
Grace Ciao
Grace Ciao is a fashion illustrator from Singapore 

Early life
Ciao was born in Singapore 

Education
Ciao graduated with a degree in business from National University of Singapore 

Career
Ciao is known for her illustrations using real flower petals and watercolor painting Ciao grew up developing an interest in fashion, trying to recreate the designs she saw on TV and in magazines  She began using petals for illustration after wanting to preserve a red rose that was given to her  Her designs are mainly dresses, using natural form of each flower on her illustrations, so each piece has an element of realism as well as fantasy  She has created illustrations for companies such as Chanel, Christian Dior, and Fendi 
Passage 10:
An American in Buenos Aires
An American in Buenos Aires (Spanish: Una Americana en Buenos Aires) is a 1961  Argentine film directed by George Cahan  The film was based on the story by Antonio de Lara  The film starred Mamie Van Doren and Jean-Pierre Aumont  It is also known by the alternative title of The Blonde from Buenos Aires 
The movie was Van Doren's last film for three years  She didn't return to the screen until 1964, playing the lead role in The Candidate 

Cast
Mamie Van Doren
Jean-Pierre Aumont
Carlos Estrada
Catherine Zabó
Juan Carlos Mareco
Nathán Pinzón
Guido Gorgatti
Chela Ruíz

External links
Una Americana en Buenos Aires at IMDb



ground_truth: The Piper'S Price