prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are Revolt In The Big House and The Fugitive (1914 Film) from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Taking his Chance
Taking his Chance is a 1914 film from director Raymond Longford based on a poem by Henry Lawson It is considered a lost film 
Passage 2:
Mutiny in the Big House
Mutiny in the Big House is a 1939 American film directed by William Nigh 

Plot
Father Joe Collins is a kindly but realistic prison chaplain who tries to bring some humanity behind the grim walls of a major penitentiary  One of his success stories is "Dad" Schultz, a kindly convict who was released after 20 years but found the outside world so overwhelming that he had a nervous breakdown  Father Collins convinces the prison officials to take him back as a civilian employee/gardener, so he will "feel at home" 
Father Collins also takes an interest in Johnny Davis, an educated inmate who received an overly stiff sentence for
forging a $10 00 check  Hardened lifer Red Manson does his best to lessen the influence of Father Collins among the inmates, while planning a mass breakout 
When the break begins, Davis wildly fires a rifle to keep Father Collins from being taken hostage  The distraction
enables the guards to regain control of the prison 
His actions gain Davis an early release, meanwhile Manson, who killed two guards during the riot, is headed for death row 

Cast
Charles Bickford as Father Joe Collins
Barton MacLane as Red Manson
Pat Moriarity as Pat, the Warden
Dennis Moore as Johnny Davis
William Royle as Captain of Guards Ed Samson
Charley Foy as Convict Bitsy
George Cleveland as Convict "Dad" Schultz
Nigel De Brulier as Convict Mike Faleri
Eddie Foster as Convict Del
Richard Austin as Singing Jim
Russell Hopton as Convict Frankie

External links
Mutiny in the Big House at IMDb
Mutiny in the Big House is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
Passage 3:
Road to the Big House
Road to the Big House is a 1947 American crime drama film directed by Walter Colmes  It was based on a script by Aubrey Wisberg 
It was also known as The Dark Road 

Plot
Cast
John Shelton as Eddie Clark
Ann Doran as Agnes Clark
Guinn "Big Boy" Williams as Butch McQuinn

Production
The film was made by a new company, Somerset Pictures, established in 1947 by Walter Combes, Solly Levenstn and Jake Milstein  It followed their first film The Burning Cross Somerset announced their third film would be about teachers' salaries  But it appears to have not been made 
Passage 4:
Mabel's Latest Prank
Mabel's Latest Prank is a 1914 film both starring and co-directed by Mabel Normand and Mack Sennett 

Cast
Mabel Normand
Mack Sennett
Hank Mann
Slim Summerville

External links
Mabel's Latest Prank at IMDb
Passage 5:
A Kind of America
A Kind of America (Hungarian: Valami Amerika) is a Hungarian comedy film from 2002 

Plot
The film is situated in Budapest, where the brothers Ákos, András, and Tamás live  Tamás is a director of video clips and commercials, but dreams of directing a feature film  He has written a script with the title 'The Guilty City', but has trouble financing the project  At his surprise, he receives an email from an American film producer named Alex Brubeck, who writes that he likes the script  Offering to pay half the budget, he wants to meet Tamás personally in Budapest to talk things through  With the help of his brothers Ákos, a successful manager and sex addict, and András, a failed poet, he does everything to impress the American producer 

External links
A Kind of America at IMDb
Passage 6:
The Fugitive (1914 film)
The Fugitive (Russian: Беглец) is a 1914 Russian-French short film directed by Alexandre Volkoff 

Plot
The film is based on a poem by Mikhail Lermontov 
Part 1  There are folk festivals in the village  Russian troops are approaching  Harun goes to war  During the battle, Harun's father and two brothers are killed, and he flees the battlefield out of fear 
Part 2 (not preserved)  Harun wanders, returns to the aul, tries to justify himself to his relatives and dies 

Starring
Asho Shakhatuni
Alesandr Rusteikis
Passage 7:
Shima (film)
Shima is a 2007 film from Uzbekistan 

Plot
At the end of the Second World War, imperial Japanese fanaticism seals the fate of an island's inhabitants and its garrison, through a massacre, interrupting the love between a soldier and a fisherman's daughter  The daughter survives, but the other survivor Taro- a soldier cut off from all communication- continues to serve the emperor for another thirty years  Tormented in his dreams by memories and his secret aspiration for eternal peace 
Taro is regularly 'inspected' by his former military inspector Yamada, who exploits the situation to entertain former Japanese officers, nostalgic of Imperial Japan, by luring visitors to the island through his War Veterans Association  The visitors are held captive and enrolled by Taro to serve in the army of the Great Emperor  For the sadistic pleasure of the former Japanese officers, Yamada organises "inspections" during which the new recruits must prove their devotion to the emperor by sacrificing their lives 
Many years later Shintaro, the son of the fisherman's daughter, finds himself on the island after searching for his father  He learns his father disappeared on the island just before the massacre  He contacts Yamada through the War Veterans Association, who agrees to take him and others to the island  But once they arrive he abandons them and puts Taro in charge  For Shintaro and his comrades this means forced enrolment, military drills and suffering  After months of torture Shintaro and the other captives start to accept Taro's twisted sense of reality  The training intensifies as Taro prepares the recruits to fight a mysterious enemy 

Cast
Seidula Moldakhanov as Taro
Mikhail Vodzumi as Shintaro
Anvar Kenjaev as Yamada

Influences
Based on the true story of Lieutenant Hiroo Onoda, a Japanese holdout who did not surrender until 1974  During his service, it has been estimated that he killed about thirty people, including American soldiers and local police militia 
Passage 8:
Revolt in the Big House
Revolt in the Big House is a 1958 American film noir directed by R  G  Springsteen and starring Gene Evans, Robert Blake and Timothy Carey Portions of the film were shot on location at Folsom State Prison in California Blacklisted screenwriter Daniel Lewis James was listed in the onscreen credits as Daniel Hyatt  In 1998 his credit was reinstated under his real name as the film's cowriter by the Writers Guild of America 

Plot
Cast
Gene Evans as Lou Gannon
Robert Blake as Rudy Hernandez
Timothy Carey as Ed 'Bugsy' Kyle
John Qualen as Doc
Sam Edwards as Al Carey
John Dennis as Red
Walter Barnes as Guard Capt  Starkey
Frank Richards as Jake
Emile Meyer as Warden
Arline Hunter as Girl (as Arlene Hunter)
Passage 9:
Big House Blues
Big House Blues is a 1947 Flippy short film 

External links
Big House Blues (1947) at IMDB
Big House Blues at the Big Cartoon Database
Passage 10:
The Boer War (film)
The Boer War is a 1914 film, directed by George Melford about the Second Boer War 

Cast
Edward Clisbee as General Lambert, retired
Jane Wolfe	as Mrs  Lambert
Marin Sais as Jane Lambert, their daughter
William Brunton as Lt  Jack Lambert, their son
Lawrence Peyton as Captain Doane
William H  West as Jaubert, a Boer general
Context 2: Passage 1:
Henry Krause
Henry J  "Red" Krause, Jr  (August 28, 1913 – February 20, 1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins   He played college football at St  Louis University 
Passage 2:
John Mackay (poet)
John Mackay (Scottish Gaelic: Iain (Dall) MacAoidh; 1656–1754), known as Am Pìobaire Dall (The Blind Piper), was a Scottish Gaelic poet and composer, and the grandfather of William Ross 
Passage 3:
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: قایا الپ, lit  'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah  He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I  He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp  He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks 
Passage 4:
Zhao Shoushan
Zhao Shoushan (simplified Chinese: 赵寿山; traditional Chinese: 趙壽山; pinyin: Zhào Shòushān; 12 November 1894 – 20 June 1965) was a KMT general and later Chinese Communist Party politician  He is the grandfather of Zhao Leji 

Career
Zhao Shoushan was born in Hu County, Shaanxi in 1894  After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Zhao was the CCP Chairman of Qinghai and Governor of Shaanxi 

External links
(in Chinese) Biography of Zhao Shoushan, Shaanxi Daily July 9, 2006 
Passage 5:
John Westley
Rev  John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister  He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism) 

Life
John Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev  Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland  He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B A  on 23 January 1655, and M A  on 4 July 1657  After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset  Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of Winterborne Whitechurch The report of his interview in 1661 with Gilbert Ironside the elder, his diocesan, according to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, shows him to have been an Independent  He was imprisoned for not using the Book of Common Prayer, imprisoned again and ejected in 1662  After the Conventicle Act 1664 he continued to preach in small gatherings at Preston and then Poole, until his death at Preston in 1678 

Family
He married a daughter of John White, who was related also to Thomas Fuller  White, the "Patriarch of Dorchester", married a sister of Cornelius Burges  Westley's eldest son was Timothy (born 1659)  Their second son was Rev  Samuel Wesley, a High Church Anglican vicar and the father of John and Charles Wesley  A younger son, Matthew Wesley, remained a nonconformist, became a London apothecary, and died on 10 June 1737, leaving a son, Matthew, in India; he provided for some of his brother Samuel's daughters 

Notes
Additional sources
Matthews, A  G , "Calamy Revised", Oxford University Press, 1934, page 521  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Wesley, Samuel (1662-1735)"  Dictionary of National Biography  London: Smith, Elder & Co  1885–1900 
Passage 6:
Dibyasambandh
Princess Dibyasambanna (Thai: พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าทิพยสัมพันธ์; RTGS: Phra Worawong Thoe Phra Ong Chao Thipphayasamphan; Née Her Serene Highness Princess (Mom Chao) Dibyasambanna Bhanubandh Thai: ทิพยสัมพันธ์ ภาณุพันธ์; RTGS: Thipphayasamphan Phanuphan; 17 May 1885 - 26 July 1908) was a Princess of Siam (later Thailand)  She was a member of Siamese royal family, specifically the Bhanubandh family, as a daughter of Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse and Mom Liam 

Biography
Princess Dibyasambanna is the eldest child of Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse and Mom Liam, the princess born at Buraphaphirom Palace On 7 July 1885  As for the name, Dibyasambanna Bhanubandh was bestowed by King Chulalongkorn  As well as being close to King Chulalongkorn since childhood, Princess Dibyasambanna was married to Abhakara Kiartivongse, Prince of Chumphon on February 28, 1900  They had three sons: Prince Kiat Abhakara (Born and died on the same day), Prince Aditya Dibabha and Prince Rangsiyakorn Abhakara 
While Prince Rangsiyakorn Abhakara, the youngest son, had only 1 year old, an unexpected incident occurred when Princess Dibyasambanna died of poison on July 26, 1908  The royal fire ceremony began on 2 February 1908, which has dug a burial ground to be sent to cremate the cremation at the crematorium of Wat Debsirindrawas Ratchaworawiharn  The cremation ceremony was held on 3 February, with King Chulalongkorn become the president of the ceremony 
Passage 7:
Bhanurangsi Savangwongse
Bhanurangsi Savangwongse, the Prince Bhanubandhu Vongsevoradej (11 January 1859 – 13 June 1928)  (Thai: สมเด็จพระราชปิตุลาบรมพงศาภิมุข เจ้าฟ้าภาณุรังษีสว่างวงศ์ กรมพระยาภาณุพันธุวงศ์วรเดช) was a son of King Mongkut of Siam and Queen Debsirindra Although the Prince held a number of posts in the government of his elder brother, King Chulalongkorn, including the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Siamese Army, he is best remembered as the founder of the Thai postal service and the first Field marshal in Royal Siamese Army during King Vajiravudh His most famous son is the Formula One racer, Prince Birabongse Bhanutej Bhanubandh, better known as Prince Bira 

Early life and education
Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse born on 11 January 1860 at the Grand Palace, Bangkok  He has 3 brothers and sisters, including King Chulalongkorn, Princess Chandrmondol and Prince Chaturonrasmi  After 2 years, his mother died  Later, his father died when he was 10 years old  He was the scatterer of rice in the procession of the royal funeral of King Mongkut  When he was 12 years old King Chulalongkorn appointed him as Prince Brother, with a royal ceremony at the Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall  When he was 13 years old he was ordained as a novice at Wat Phra Kaew with Supreme Patriarch Pavares Variyalongkorn as a preceptor then went out to Wat Bowonniwet Vihara He began his studies in the school of female teachers and began to study by himself  After that, he studied the books of Khmer and Pali at the Bureau of Phraya Priyatthi Dhammada when he is ordained  After that, he studied military education at the Bureau of the King's Guard since 1872 and learning the Thai language from Phraya Srisoonthorn Waham (Noi Ajarayangkul) including studying civil service traditions and royal traditions from Prince Mahamala, the Prince Bamrapporapak 

Careers
He carried out military service in a special officer rank, with a first lieutenant's uniform in Bureau of the King's Guard When King Chulalongkorn travelled to Singapore (2nd time) and Burma, parts of England throughout India including the rising districts of Siam along the western coast of Malaya  He held positions including Minister of the Council and Privy Council of King Chulalongkorn, Chancellor of the Ministry of Defense, The Privy Council of King Rama VI and the President and Privy Councilor in King Rama VII, Inspector General, Commander of the Navy Department and Director-General of the Post and Telegraph Department 

Death
Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse died on 13 June 1928 aged 68 at Buraphaphirom Palace 

Issue
He had 16 children, 9 sons and 7 daughters:

Princess Dibyasambandh
Prince Nibanna Bhanubongse
Prince Siriwongse Vadhanadej
Princess (unnamed)
Princess Chalermkhetramongmol
Prince Suriyon Yiembayab
Prince Ballap Danaya
Prince Daeng (stillborn)
Princess Khaimuk
Princess Rambhai Prabha
Prince Aphassorawongse
Prince Birabongse Bhanudej
Prince Norasetdha Suriyalaksana
Prince Chirasakdi Suprabhas (th:พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าจิรศักดิ์สุประภาต)
Princess Lek (died at six days old)

Ancestry
Passage 8:
Fred Le Deux
Frederick David Le Deux (born 4 December 1934) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL)  He is the grandfather of Tom Hawkins 

Early life
Le Deux grew up in Nagambie and attended Assumption College, after which he went to Bendigo to study teaching 

Football
While a student at Bendigo Teachers' Training College, Le Deux played for the Sandhurst Football Club  He then moved to Ocean Grove to take up a teaching position and in 1956 joined Geelong A follower and defender, Le Deux made 18 appearances for Geelong over three seasons, from 1956 to 1958 He was troubled by a back injury in 1958, which kept him out of the entire 1959 VFL season In 1960 he joined Victorian Football Association club Mordialloc, as he had transferred to a local technical school 

Family
Le Deux's daughter Jennifer was married to former Geelong player Jack Hawkins  Jennifer died in 2015  Their son, Tom Hawkins, currently plays for Geelong 
Passage 9:
Lyon Cohen
Lyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist  He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen 

Biography
Cohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868  He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871  He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal  In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L  Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W  R  Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co , a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co  in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd   The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada  The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism  In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69 

Philanthropy
Cohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada  Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal  He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada 

Personal life
Cohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891  She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School  They had three sons and one daughter:

Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:
Esther Cohen and
singer/poet Leonard Cohen 
Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;
Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, and
Sylvia Lillian Cohen 
Passage 10:
Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شَيْبَة إبْن هَاشِم; c  497–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, (Arabic: عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب, lit  'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation  He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 

Early life
His father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81  the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca  They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm  His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah)  Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born : 81 His real name was "Shaiba" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-Ḥamd ("The white streak of praise") : 81–82  After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care  Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent  Muṭṭalib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca  Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go  Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib ("servant of Muttalib") : 85–86

Chieftain of Hashim clan
When Muṭṭalib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan  Following his uncle Al-Muṭṭalib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people  He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them : 61 
'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib and Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba  Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib  Addressing Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, he said:
Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate  You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe 

Discovery of Zam Zam Well
'Abdul-Muṭṭalib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila  There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca  The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-Ḥārith stood guard until they gave up their protests  After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, "Allahuakbar!" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar  It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well  So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition  They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost  There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out  One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others  So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Muṭṭalib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed  It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well  Thereafter he supplied pilgrims to the Kaaba with Zam Zam water, which soon eclipsed all the other wells in Mecca because it was considered sacred : 86–89 : 62–65

The Year of the Elephant
According to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Kaaba's reverence among the Arabs and, being a Christian, he built a cathedral on Sana'a and ordered pilgrimage be made there : 21  The order was ignored and someone desecrated (some saying in the form of defecation: 696 note 35 ) the cathedral  Abrahah decided to avenge this act by demolishing the Kaaba and he advanced with an army towards Mecca : 22–23 There were thirteen elephants in Abrahah's army: 99 : 26  and the year came to be known as 'Ām al-Fīl (the Year of the Elephant), beginning a trend for reckoning the years in Arabia which was used until 'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb replaced it with the Islamic Calendar in 638 CE (17 AH), with the first year of the Islamic Calendar being 622 CE 
When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinānah, Khuzā'ah and Hudhayl united in defence of the Kaaba  A man from the Ḥimyar tribe was sent by Abrahah to advise them that he only wished to demolish the Kaaba and if they resisted, they would be crushed  "Abdul-Muṭṭalib told the Meccans to seek refuge in the nearest high hills while he, with some leading members of Quraysh, remained within the precincts of the Kaaba  Abrahah sent a dispatch inviting 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib to meet him and discuss matters  When 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib left the meeting he was heard saying, "The Owner of this House is its Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonour the servants of His House ": 24–26 It is recorded that when Abrahah's forces neared the Kaaba, Allah commanded small birds (abābīl) to destroy Abrahah's army, raining down pebbles on it from their beaks  Abrahah was seriously wounded and retreated towards Yemen but died on the way : 26–27  This event is referred to in the following Qur'anic chapter:

Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant?
Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray?

And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay, so He rendered them like straw eaten up 
Most Islamic sources place the event around the year that Muhammad was born, 570 CE, though other scholars place it one or two decades earlier  A tradition attributed to Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri in the musannaf of ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani places it before the birth of Muhammad's father 

Sacrificing his son Abdullah
Al-Harith was 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's only son at the time he dug the Zamzam Well : 64  When the Quraysh tried to help him in the digging, he vowed that if he were to have ten sons to protect him, he would sacrifice one of them to Allah at the Kaaba  Later, after nine more sons had been born to him, he told them he must keep the vow  The divination arrows fell upon his favourite son Abdullah  The Quraysh protested 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's intention to sacrifice his son and demanded that he sacrifice something else instead  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib agreed to consult a "sorceress with a familiar spirit"  She told him to cast lots between Abdullah and ten camels  If Abdullah were chosen, he had to add ten more camels, and keep on doing the same until his Lord accepted the camels in Abdullah's place  When the number of camels reached 100, the lot fell on the camels  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib confirmed this by repeating the test three times  Then the camels were sacrificed, and Abdullah was spared : 66–68

Family
Wives
Abd al-Muttalib had six known wives 

Sumra bint Jundab of the Hawazin tribe 
Lubnā bint Hājar of the Khuza'a tribe 
Fatima bint Amr of the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Halah bint Wuhayb of the Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Natīla bint Janab of the Namir tribe 
Mumanna'a bint Amr of the Khuza'a tribe 

Children
According to Ibn Hisham, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib had ten sons and six daughters : 707–708 note 97  However, Ibn Sa'd lists twelve sons : 99–101 By Sumra bint Jundab:

Al-Ḥārith : 708  He was the firstborn and he died before his father : 99 
Quthum : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham By Fatima bint Amr:

Al-Zubayr : 707  He was a poet and a chief; his father made a will in his favour : 99  He died before Islam, leaving two sons and daughters : 101 : 34–35 
Abu Talib, born as Abd Manaf,: 99 : 707  father of the future Caliph Ali  He later became chief of the Hashim clan 
Abdullah, the father of Muhammad : 99 : 707 
Umm Hakim al-Bayda,: 100 : 707  the maternal grandmother of the third Caliph Uthman : 32 
Barra,: 100 : 707  the mother of Abu Salama : 33 
Arwa : 100 : 707 
Atika,: 100 : 707  a wife of Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira : 31 
Umayma,: 100 : 707  the mother of Zaynab bint Jahsh and Abd Allah ibn Jahsh : 33 By Lubnā bint Hājar:

Abd al-'Uzzā, better known as Abū Lahab : 100 : 708 By Halah bint Wuhayb:

Ḥamza,: 707  the first big leader of Islam  He killed many leaders of the kufar and was considered as the strongest man of the quraysh  He was martyred at Uhud : 100 
Ṣafīyya : 100 : 707 
Al-Muqawwim : 707  He married Qilaba bint Amr ibn Ju'ana ibn Sa'd al-Sahmia, and had children named Abd Allah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, and Umm Amr (Qutayla or Amra) 
Hajl : 707  He married Umm Murra bint Abi Qays ibn Abd Wud, and had two sons, named Abd Allah, Ubayd Allah, and three daughters named Murra, Rabi'a, and Fakhita By Natīlah bint Khubāb:

al-'Abbas,: 100 : 707  ancestor of the Abbasid caliphs 
Ḍirār,: 707  who died before Islam : 100 
Jahl, died before Islam
Imran, died before IslamBy Mumanna'a bint 'Amr:

Mus'ab, who, according to Ibn Saad, was the one known as al-Ghaydāq : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham 
Al-Ghaydaq, died before Islam 
Abd al-Ka'ba, died before Islam : 100 
Al-Mughira,: 100  who had the byname al-Ghaydaq 

The family tree and some of his important descendants
Death
Abdul Muttalib's son 'Abdullāh died four months before Muḥammad's birth, after which Abdul Muttalib took care of his daughter-in-law Āminah  One day Muhammad's mother, Amina, wanted to go to Yathrib, where her husband, Abdullah, died  So, Muhammad, Amina, Abd al-Muttalib and their caretaker, Umm Ayman started their journey to Medina, which is around 500 kilometres away from Makkah  They stayed there for three weeks, then, started their journey back to Mecca  But, when they reached halfway, at Al-Abwa', Amina became very sick and died six years after her husband's death  She was buried over there  From then, Muhammad became an orphan  Abd al-Muttalib became very sad for Muhammad because he loved him so much  Abd al-Muttalib took care of Muhammad  But when Muhammad was eight years old, the very old Abd al-Muttalib became very sick and died at age 81-82 in 578-579 CE 
Shaybah ibn Hāshim's grave can be found in the Jannat al-Mu'allā cemetery in Makkah, Saudi Arabia 

See also
Family tree of Muhammad
Family tree of Shaiba ibn Hashim
Sahaba
Context 3: Passage 1:
Power Le Poer Trench
Power Le Poer Trench (1770–1839) was an Anglican clergyman who served in the Church of Ireland as firstly Bishop of Waterford and Lismore, then Bishop of Elphin and finally Archbishop of Tuam 

Life
He was the second surviving son of William Trench, 1st Earl of Clancarty, among his nine brothers and nine sisters was his elder brother Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty, and Lady Emily La Touche was a younger sister  Born in Sackville Street, Dublin, on 10 June 1770, he was first educated at a preparatory school at Putney, whence he went for a short time to Harrow, and afterwards at the academy of Mr  Ralph at Castlebar, in the immediate neighbourhood of his home  Trench matriculated at Trinity College, Dublin, on 2 July 1787, where his tutor was Matthew Young, afterwards bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh, and graduated B A  on 13 July 1791  Later in the same year (27 November) Trench was ordained deacon, and, having received priest's orders on 24 June 1792, he was in the same month inducted into the benefice of Creagh, in which his father's residence and the great fair town of Ballinasloe were situated  In the following year (5 November 1793) he was presented to the benefice of Rawdenstown, County Meath  He obtained a faculty to hold the two cures together, and combined with their clerical duties the business of agent on his father's Galway estate  Trench was a man of great bodily strength and a fine horseman, and he retained a fondness for field sports to the end of his days  During the Irish rebellion of 1798 he acted as a captain in the local yeomanry raised by his father to resist the French invading army under Humbert 
In 1802 Trench was appointed to the see of Waterford, in succession to Richard Marlay, and was consecrated on 21 November 1802  In 1810 he was translated to the bishopric of Elpin, and, on the death of Archbishop Beresford, was on 4 October 1819 advanced to the archepiscopal see of Tuam  In May 1834, on the death of James Verschoyle, the united sees of Killala and Achonry were, under the provisions of the Irish Church Temporalities Act, added to the charge of Trench  By the same act, the archdiocese of Tuam was reduced, on Trench's death, to an ordinary bishopric 
In the history of the Irish church Trench chiefly deserves to be remembered for his activity in promoting the remarkable evangelical movement in the west of Ireland which was known in Connaught as the Second Reformation, and which, chiefly through the agency of the Irish Society, made a vigorous effort to win converts to Protestantism  From 1818 to his death Trench was president of the Irish Society; and it is evidence of his large-heartedness that the religious controversies in which his leadership of this movement involved no wise impaired the remarkable personal popularity which he enjoyed among his Roman Catholic neighbours  Holding strong views as to the paramount importance of the 'open bible,' Trench was a strenuous opponent of the mixed system of national education founded by Mr  Stanley (Lord Derby), and was one of the founders of the Church Education Society  Trench was a man of strong and masterful character, and during the twenty years of his archiepiscopate was one of the foremost figures in the Ireland of his day 
He died on 26 March 1839  Trench married, on 29 January 1795, his cousin Anne, daughter of Walter Taylor of Castle Taylor, co  Galway  By her, he had two sons, William and Power, and six daughters  Elizabeth, his third daughter, married Captain Henry Gascoyne in 1830  Another daughter Anne married James O'Hara, MP for Galway in 1823 
Passage 2:
Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty
Richard Le Poer Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty, 1st Marquess of Heusden  (19 May 1767 – 24 November 1837), styled The Honourable from 1797 to 1803 and then Viscount Dunlo to 1805, was an Anglo-Irish peer, a nobleman in the Dutch nobility, and a diplomat  He was an Irish, and later British, Member of Parliament and a supporter of Pitt  Additionally he was appointed Postmaster General of Ireland, and later, of the United Kingdom 

Background and education
Clancarty was the son of William Trench, 1st Earl of Clancarty and Anne, daughter of Charles Gardiner and his seat was Garbally Court in Ballinasloe, East County Galway where he was associated with the Great October Fair  His brother was Power Le Poer Trench (1770–1839), archbishop of Tuam  He was educated at Kimbolton School and St John's College, Cambridge 

Political career
Trench represented Newtown Limavady in the Irish House of Commons from 1796 to 1798  He sat further for County Galway from 1798 to a short time before the Act of Union, when he was replaced by "Humanity Dick" Martin 
He was credited with resolving various border disputes in Holland, Germany and Italy at the Congress of Vienna, 1814–1815, and in his role as Ambassador to the Netherlands  For his service as ambassador to The Hague, he was awarded the hereditary title of Marquess of Heusden in the peerage of The Netherlands on 8 July 1815 by William I of the Netherlands, following the defeat of Napoleon in Brabant, in that same province's southern reaches  Trench was elected one of the 28 representative peers of Ireland on 16 December 1808  His seat in the House of Lords became hereditary when he was created Baron Trench (4 August 1815) and Viscount Clancarty (created 8 December 1823), in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, his older peerages being Irish peerages  He was a Commissioner for the Affairs of India and Custos Rotulorum of County Galway 
In the same Royal Decree that awarded the Marquessate of Heusden, K B  of 8 July 1815, numbers 13 and 14, and Arthur Wellesley was granted the Netherlands' Kingdom hereditary nobility-title Prince of Waterloo, following his recent exploits at Waterloo in modern-day Kingdom of Belgium 

Postmaster General
Between 1807 and 1809 Trench was one of the joint Postmasters General of Ireland and he was appointed Postmaster General of the United Kingdom being one of the last joint holders of that office from 1814 to 1816 

Family
On 6 February 1796 he married Henrietta Margaret Staples, daughter of John Staples and Harriet Conolly  They had the following children:

Lady Lucy Le Poer Trench (d  1839), married Robert Maxwell
Lady Louisa Augusta Anne Le Poer Trench (b  23 December 1796, d  7 February 1881), married Reverend William Le Poer Trench
Lady Harriet Margaret Le Poer Trench (b  13 October 1799, d  1885), married Thomas Kavanagh "the MacMurrough", a descendant of Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh
Lady Emily Florinda Le Poer Trench (b  7 November 1800), married Giovanni Cossiria
Lady Frances Power Le Poer Trench (b  22 January 1802, d  28 December 1804)
William Thomas Le Poer Trench, 3rd Earl of Clancarty (b 21 September 1803, d  26 April 1872), married Lady Sarah Juliana Butler, daughter of Somerset Richard Butler, 3rd Earl of Carrick
Hon  Richard John Le Poer Trench (b  1805)
Commander Hon  Frederick Robert Le Poer Trench (b  23 July 1808, d  April 1867), married Catherine Maria Thompson

Ancestry
Passage 3:
Power Henry Le Poer Trench
Power Henry Le Poer Trench (11 May 1841 – 30 April 1899) was a British diplomat Trench was the son of William Thomas Le Poer Trench, 3rd Earl of Clancarty and Lady Sarah Juliana Butler 

Career
Trench was Secretary of the British Embassy in Berlin between 1888 and 1893 In Mexico, he was the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary  between 1893 and 1894 He was the British Minister in Tokyo in 1894-1895 

See also
List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Japan
Anglo-Japanese relations

Notes
Passage 4:
Theodred II (Bishop of Elmham)
Theodred II was a medieval Bishop of Elmham 
The date of Theodred's consecration unknown, but the date of his death was sometime between 995 and 997 
Passage 5:
Nicholas Trench, 9th Earl of Clancarty
Nicholas Le Poer Trench, 9th Earl of Clancarty, 8th Marquess of Heusden (born 1 May 1952), is an Anglo-Irish peer, as well as a nobleman in the Dutch nobility  Lord Clancarty serves as an elected Crossbench hereditary peer in the British House of Lords  His earldom is in the Peerage of Ireland  He was educated at Westminster School  He also studied at Ashford Grammar School, Plymouth Polytechnic, University of Colorado, Denver, USA, and Sheffield University 

Family
Lord Clancarty was born in Uxbridge, on 1 May 1952, the only son of Power Edward Ford Le Poer Trench, second son of the fifth Earl from his second marriage  He is married to the journalist Victoria Lambert and has one daughter with her 

Membership of House of Lords
In 1995 he succeeded to the titles on the death of his childless uncle, Brinsley Le Poer Trench, 8th Earl of Clancarty  He took his seat in the House of Lords at this time as Viscount Clancarty, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, because titles in the Peerage of Ireland did not entitle their holders to sit even before the House of Lords Act 1999 removed the majority of the hereditary peers 
Under the terms of that Act, Clancarty lost his automatic right to a seat; he was unsuccessful in the election by the Crossbench hereditary peers of 28 of their number to continue to sit after the Act came into force, finishing 37th in a field of 79 candidates He was an unsuccessful candidate in four by-elections caused by the deaths of sitting hereditary peers, being runner-up on two occasions  In 2010 he returned to the House after winning the by-election to replace the 4th Viscount Colville of Culross Besides being a British and an Irish peer, he also belongs to the Dutch nobility as Marquess of Heusden  Besides H M  King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, who is also Marquess of Veere and Vlissingen, Lord Clancarty is the only marquess in Dutch nobility 

Career
Clancarty is a self-employed artist, freelance writer, and translator 
Passage 6:
Robert Le Poer Trench
Robert Le Poer Trench (c 1811 – 8 February 1895) was a judge and an Attorney-General of Victoria Trench was the third son of Ven  Charles Le Poer Trench, D D



ground_truth: no

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Dibyasambandh?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: , of Ballinasloe, County Galway, Archdeacon of Ardagh, and grandson of the first Earl of Clancarty  He entered as a student of the Middle Temple in May 1839, and was called to the Bar in June 1842  Having emigrated to Victoria, he was clerk of petty sessions at Kilmore, Victoria and afterwards at Ballarat  In 1855 he was admitted to the Victorian Bar, and quickly obtained a large practice, especially in mining cases  Though he never entered parliament he was Attorney-General in the first Graham Berry Government from August to October 1875, and in Berry's second Administration, from May 1877 to March 1878, when he was appointed a Commissioner of Land Tax, and a County Court Judge in April 1880  Mr  Trench, who was appointed Q C  in 1878, subsequently retired on a pension 
Passage 7:
William Le Poer Trench
Colonel The Hon  William Le Poer Trench CVO, JP (17 June 1837 – 16 September 1920) was an Anglo-Irish politician and British army officer 
He was the third son of William Trench, 3rd Earl of Clancarty and Lady Sarah Juliana Butler 
He married Harriet Maria Georgina Martins, daughter of Sir William Martins, on 21 April 1864 
He fought in the Second Opium War between 1857 and 1858, commanding a ladder company at the capture of Guangzhou and Nankow, and was mentioned in despatches  He gained the rank of Colonel in the service of the Royal Engineers 
Between 1872 and 1874, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for County Galway, having unseated the elected MP, John Philip Nolan, on petition; the case was one of the most controversial Irish cases of its time and permanently damaged the reputation of the judge, William Keogh 
He held the office of Justice of the Peace for Westminster, London, Buckinghamshire, and Middlesex  He was made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1912 He was scandalised by the marriage on 10 July 1889 of his 20-year-old son and heir, William LePoer-Trench, to a London showgirl, Isabel Maud Penrice Bilton, who used the stage name of Belle   As a result, he did all in his power to dissolve the marriage   When this was unsuccessful he stopped his son's allowance, and resorted to selling lands in order to diminish his heir's eventual income, but his daughter-in-law's income from the stage was too great for these expedients to have much impact 
Passage 8:
William Le Poer Trench (Royal Navy officer)
Rear-Admiral The Hon  William Le Poer Trench (4 July 1771 – 14 August 1846) was born in Garbally, Galway, Ireland to William Power Keating Trench, 1st Earl of Clancarty and Anne Gardiner  He acted for a considerable period as the agent of the estates of his father's family in Ireland He was made a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy in 1793; promoted to the rank of Commander in 1799; to that of Post Captain 1802; and to that of Rear Admiral in 1840 In 1819 he was appointed Secretary to the Board of Customs and Port Duties in Ireland 

Family
He was married twice, first on 8 March 1800 to Sarah Cuppage, daughter of John Loftus Cuppage  Sarah died in June 1834, and on 1 February 1837 William married a second time to Margaret Downing, daughter of Dawson Downing and Anne Boyd 

See also
O'Byrne, William Richard (1849)  "Trench, William Le Poer"   A Naval Biographical Dictionary   John Murray – via Wikisource 
Passage 9:
Brinsley Le Poer Trench, 8th Earl of Clancarty
William Francis Brinsley Le Poer Trench, 8th Earl of Clancarty, 7th Marquess of Heusden (18 September 1911 – 18 May 1995) was a prominent ufologist   He was an Irish peer, as well as a nobleman in the Dutch nobility 

Biography
He was the fifth son of William Frederick Le Poer Trench, 5th Earl of Clancarty by Mary Gwatkin Ellis  He had four older half-brothers born to the 5th Earl's first wife, Isabel Maud Penrice Bilton, the actress known as Belle Bilton, who died of cancer in 1906  Brinsley was educated at the Pangbourne Nautical College 
From 1956 to 1959 Clancarty edited the Flying Saucer Review and founded the International Unidentified Object Observer Corps  He also found employment selling advertising space for a gardening magazine housed opposite Waterloo station 
In 1967, he founded Contact International and served as its first president  He also served as vice-president of the British UFO Research Association (BUFORA)  Clancarty was an honorary life member of the now defunct Ancient Astronauts Society which supported the ideas put forward by Erich von Däniken in his 1968 book Chariots of the Gods? 
In 1975 he succeeded to the earldom on the death of his half-brother, Grenville Sydney Rocheforte, 7th Earl of Clancarty, giving him a seat in the British Parliament  He used his new position to found a UFO Study Group at the House of Lords, introducing Flying Saucer Review to its library and pushing for the declassification of UFO data 
Four years later he organised a celebrated debate in the House of Lords on UFOs which attracted many speeches on both sides of the question  In one debate, Lord Strabolgi, for the Government, declared that there was nothing to convince him that any alien spacecraft had ever visited the Earth 

Private life
Clancarty first married, in 1940, Diana (1919–1999), daughter of Sir William Younger, Bt  This marriage was dissolved in 1947  He married secondly, in 1961, Mrs Wilma Belknap (née Vermilyea) (1915–1995) and that marriage was dissolved in 1969  His third marriage was in 1974, to Mrs Mildred Allewyn Spong (née Bensusan) (1895–1975)  She died in 1975 but Clancarty remarried a fourth time, in 1976, to Mrs May Beasley (née Radonicich) (1904–2003) 
He lived most of his life in South Kensington and died in Bexhill-on-Sea in 1995, leaving his extensive collection of papers to Contact International 
He was succeeded to the earldom by his nephew Nicholas Le Poer Trench (b  1952) 

Hollow Earth theory
In 1974, Trench published Secret of the Ages: UFOs from Inside the Earth, a book which theorised that the centre of the Earth was hollow, with entrances to its interior located at both the north and south polar areas  The interior, he suggested, consisted of large tunnel systems connecting a large cavern world  Trench also believed that the lost continent of Atlantis actually once existed and that these tunnels were probably constructed all over the world by the Atlanteans, for various purposes 
Trench believed that there was no actual North Pole, but instead a large area with a warm sea dipping gradually into the interior of the Earth  He said that humans were 'living on the deck of a ship, unaware of the life going on under our feet'  One argument he put forward for this theory was that whilst the Earth is spherical, it is flattened at the poles  Additionally, he questioned how all icebergs could be composed of frozen fresh water, if no rivers were flowing from the inside of the Earth to the outside  He had also suggested that a large proportion of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) emanated from the Earth's interior  These objects were likely to have been created by a group of much more technically advanced beings, similar to humans, but a group that likely possessed extrasensory abilities, as well as the ability to manipulate psychic phenomena  Another argument for the Hollow Earth theory was that everything he suggested, nebulae, comets and planets, are hollow and these conditions would certainly prove favourable for a hollow Earth 
Whilst Trench had in one of his earlier books disregarded the Hollow Earth theory, he admitted to at the time 'being educated along with millions of other people to believe that the Earth had a liquid molten core' 

Other claims
According to Trench in his book The Sky People, Adam and Eve, Noah and many of the other characters from the Bible originally lived on Mars  Trench believed that Adam and Eve were experimental creations of extraterrestrials  His claim was that the Biblical description of the Garden of Eden was inconsistent with what was on Earth and as Mars contained canals, that the Garden of Eden must have been located on Mars  He further claimed that the north polar ice cap melted on Mars, and this caused the descendants of Adam and Eve to move to Earth Trench also claimed to know a former U S  test pilot who said he was one of six persons present at a meeting between President Eisenhower and a group of aliens, which allegedly took place at Edwards Air Force Base on 4 April 1954  Clancarty reported that the test pilot told him "Five different alien craft landed at the base  Three were saucer-shaped and two were cigar shaped    the aliens looked something like humans, but not exactly "He claimed that he could trace his descent from 63,000 BC, when beings from other planets had landed on Earth in spaceships 

Bibliography
The Sky People (1960)
Men Among Mankind (1962)
Forgotten Heritage (1964)
The Flying Saucer Story (1966)
Operation Earth (1969)
The Eternal Subject (1973)
Secret of the Ages: UFO's from Inside the Earth (1974) 
Reptiles from the Internal World (1979)
China in the Closet: A Romantic Mystery (1981)
Egos and Sub-Egos (1983)
UFOs: Just Shiny Birds? with Anna Robb (1984) 
Passage 10:
William Trench, 3rd Earl of Clancarty
William Thomas Le Poer Trench, 3rd Earl of Clancarty, 2nd Marquess of Heusden (21 September 1803 –  26 April 1872), styled Viscount Dunlo between 1805 and 1837, was an Irish peer, as well a nobleman in the Dutch nobility  He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge Trench was born in Castleton, County Kildare, Ireland the son of Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty and Henrietta Margaret Staples  On 8 September 1832, he married Lady Sarah Juliana Butler  They had six children 

Richard Somerset Le Poer Trench, 4th Earl of Clancarty (13 January 1834 – 29 May 1891) married Lady Adeliza Georgiana Hervey
Major Hon  Frederick Le Poer Trench (10 February 1835 – 17 December 1913) married (1) Harriet Mary Trench (2) Catherine Simpson
Colonel William Le Poer Trench (17 June 1837 – 16 September 1920) married Harriet Maria Georgina Martins
Lady Anne Le Poer Trench (1839 – 12 March 1924) married Frederic Sydney Charles Trench
Power Henry Le Poer Trench (11 May 1841 – 30 April 1899)
Lady Sarah Emily Grace Le Poer Trench (6 December 1843 – 2 August 1875) married John Melville Hatchell 



ground_truth: Mongkut

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When did William Le Poer Trench's father die?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  From her ten older and younger siblings, eight survive adulthood: Marie (by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), Magdalene, Sophie (by marriage Duchess of Württemberg-Oels), Christine (by marriage Countess of Stolberg-Gedern), Charles, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Hedwig (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig), Louise (by marriage Queen of Denmark and Norway) and Augusta 

Life
In Güstrow on 29 March 1692, Elisabeth married Prince Henry of Saxe-Merseburg, fourth surviving son of Duke Christian I  Two years later (1694), Henry received the town of Spremberg as his appanage, and took his residence there 
The marriage produced three children, of whom only one survived to adulthood:
Maurice, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Spremberg (Spremberg, 29 October 1694 - Spremberg, 11 April 1695) 
Christiana Fredericka (Spremberg, 17 May 1697 - Spremberg, 21 August 1722) [1]
Gustava Magdalena (Spremberg, 2 October 1699 - Spremberg, 3 October 1699) Elisabeth became Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg in 1731 after her husband inherited the main domains of the family as their last surviving male member  She died in Doberlug in 1738, aged 69, having survived her husband for one month  She was buried in Merseburg Cathedral 
Passage 6:
Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1 January 1570 – 15 August 1649) was a daughter of Duke William "the younger" of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his wife, Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg She married Count Palatine Charles I of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld   They had four children:

George William (1591–1669), Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
Sophia (1593–1676), married Kraft VII of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim (1582–1641)
Frederick (1594–1626), canon at Strasbourg
Christian I (1598–1654), Count Palatine and Duke of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
Passage 7:
Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (24 August 1758 – 29 November 1794) was born a Princess and Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and by marriage Hereditary Princess of Denmark and Norway 

Life
Born in Schwerin, she was the only daughter of Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, second son of Christian Louis II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld  Her only sibling was Frederick, who was about two years older 

Life in Denmark
On 21 October 1774 in Copenhagen, she married Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway, the son of King Frederick V of Denmark and his second wife Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who was the regent in Denmark between 1772 and 1784  She was sixteen years old when she was married 
Sophia Frederica, known as Sofie Frederikke af Mecklenburg-Schwerin in Denmark, was described as jolly, charming and intelligent   She had a hard time in the beginning adapting to her new, stiffer environment, but became quite popular    During the first ten years of her marriage (1774-1784), she gave birth to three daughters, the eldest two were stillborn and the third lived only five months; it was only in 1786 when she had the first of her living children, the future King Christian VIII 
It is said she was disappointed when she met her husband for the first time, but they came to be fond of each other, although they both supposedly took lovers; her husband had a mistress, her companion Caja Hviid, while the father of Sophia Frederica's children was rumored to be her husband's adjutant, Frederik von Blücher  It was said that the harmony of their marriage was based on mutual understanding    The harmonious friendship between the spouses created a fear that Sophia Frederica's influence over her husband would lead to her interfering in politics She died in Sorgenfri Palace 

Issue
Sophia Frederica and Prince Frederick had the following children: 

Stillborn daughter (19 September 1781) 
Stillborn daughter (17 February 1783) 
Princess Juliana Marie (2 May 1784 - 28 October 1784), died in infancy 
Prince Christian Frederick (18 September 1786 - 20 January 1848), future King Christian Frederick of Norway and Christian VIII of Denmark 
Princess Juliane Sophie (18 February 1788 - 9 May 1850), married in 1812 to Prince William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld; they had no issue 
Princess Louise Charlotte (30 October 1789 - 28 March 1864), married in 1810 to Prince William of Hesse-Cassel; they had issue 
Hereditary Prince Ferdinand (22 November 1792 - 29 June 1863), married in 1829 to Princess Caroline of Denmark; they had no issue 

Ancestry
Passage 8:
Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Prussia
Dorothea of Denmark (1 August 1504 – 11 April 1547), was a Duchess of Prussia by marriage to Duke Albert, Duke of Prussia  She was the daughter of King Frederick I of Denmark and Anna of Brandenburg 

Life
After her father's accession to the throne in 1523 a marriage was suggested to the English claimant to the throne, Duke Richard of Suffolk, who was supported by King Francis of France, but without success 
In 1525, she received a proposal from the newly made Duke of Prussia  The marriage was arranged by her father's German chancellor Wolfgang von Utenhof  The wedding was conducted 12 February 1526 and Dorothea arrived with a large entourage in Königsberg in June 
Dorothea had a very good relationship with Albert and this contributed to a good and active contact between Denmark and Prussia which continued during her brother's reign and until her death  
Dorothea and her spouse corresponded with her brother, the king of Denmark, and acted as his political advisors  Dorothea and Albert were present at the coronation of Christian III of Denmark in Copenhagen in 1537; they also acted as foster-parents of her nephew Duke Hans of Denmark in 1536–1542 
The Königsberg Cathedral has a monument of her 

Issue
Anna Sophia (11 June 1527 – 6 February 1591), married John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 
Katharina (b  and d  24 February 1528) 
Frederick Albert (5 December 1529 – 1 January 1530) 
Lucia Dorothea (8 April 1531 – 1 February 1532) 
Lucia (3 February 1537 – May 1539) 
Albert (b  and d  March 1539) 
Passage 9:
Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg
Elisabeth of Denmark (14 October 1524 – 15 October 1586) was Danish princess and a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and later of Mecklenburg-Güstrow through marriage  She was the elder daughter of King Frederick I of Denmark and his second spouse Sophie of Pomerania 

Biography
Elizabeth was raised at the royal Danish court of her half brother and described as an extraordinary beauty  In 1542 she was engaged, and on 26 August 1543 Elizabeth was married to Duke Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (4 July 1509 – 28 January 1550)  This marriage was childless  She returned to Denmark in 1551 and stayed there until her second marriage in 1556 
Secondly, she married on 14 February 1556 Duke Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and had the only daughter Sophie, who married King Frederick II of Denmark in 1572  Her relationship to Ulrich is described as a happy one 
Elizabeth made frequent visits to the Danish royal court, and also to her former sister in law queen dowager Dorothea  After her daughter became Queen of Denmark in 1572, her visits to Denmark became longer  She is described as kind, sensible, religious and practical  She was also active in Mecklenburg-Güstrow: she reconstructed the churches in Güstrow and Doberan and protected hospitals and convents  She died on return from one of her visits to Denmark 

Legacy
Elizabeth's granddaughter Anne of Denmark married King James I of England  Thus every British monarch since has been her direct descendant, the present King Charles III being king of 15 independent nations 

Ancestry
Passage 10:
Hedwig of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
Hedwig of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (Hedwig Eleonore; 12 January 1666 – 9 August 1735), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Mecklenburg and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig 
Born in Güstrow, she was the eighth of eleven children born from the marriage of Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp  From her ten older and younger siblings, eight survive adulthood: Marie (by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), Magdalene, Sophie (by marriage Duchess of Württemberg-Oels), Christine (by marriage Countess of Stolberg-Gedern), Charles, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Louise (by marriage Queen of Denmark and Norway), Elisabeth (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg) and Augusta 

Life
In Güstrow on 1 December 1686, Hedwig married Prince August of Saxe-Merseburg, second surviving son of Duke Christian I  Five years later (1691), August received the town of Zörbig as his appanage, and took his residence there 
They had eight children, of whom only one survived to adulthood:
Christiane Magdalene (Zörbig, 11 March 1687 - Merseburg, 21 March 1689) 
Stillborn daughter (Alt-Stargard, Mecklenburg, 30 December 1689) 
Caroline Auguste (Zörbig, 10 March 1691 - Zörbig, 23 September 1743) 
Hedwig Eleonore (Zörbig, 26 February 1693 - Zörbig, 31 August 1693) 
Gustav Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig (Zörbig, 28 October 1694 - Zörbig, 24 May 1695) 
August, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig (Zörbig, 26 February 1696 - Zörbig, 26 March 1696) 
Stillborn twin sons (1707) Hedwig died in Zörbig aged 69  She was buried in Merseburg Cathedral 

See also
BWV Anh  16



ground_truth: 26 April 1872