prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both films The Reincarnation Of Golden Lotus and I'Ll Get By (Film) have the directors from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Clara Law
Clara Law Cheuk-yiu (traditional Chinese: 羅卓瑤; simplified Chinese: 罗卓瑶; pinyin: Luó Zhuóyáo; Jyutping: lo4 coek3 jiu4, born 29 May 1957 in Macau) is a Hong Kong Second Wave film director who currently resides in Australia 

Early life
Clara Law was born on 29 May 1957 in Macau  At the age of 10 she moved to Hong Kong  Law studied at the University of Hong Kong and graduated with a degree in English Literature  In 1978 she joined Radio Television Hong Kong as an assistant producer and director  During her time there she tried many aspects of television from screenwriting to directing  Between 1978 and 1981 she directed twelve drama programs for the television channel  In 1982 she began studying film direction and writing at the National Film and Television School in England  She won the Silver Plaque Award at the Chicago Film Festival in 1985 for her graduation film They Say the Moon is Fuller Here 

Career
1985–1994
In 1985 she returned to Hong Kong and began development on her first long feature film The Other Half and the Other Half, which was released in 1988  Since her return to Hong Kong she has worked with Eddie Fong on all of her projects  In 1989 she created her second film The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus  The film was screened at the Toronto Film Festival and was released commercially in the US  A year later she created Farewell China  It won the Special Jury Award at the Torino Film Festival  She was also nominated for best director at the Hong Kong Film Awards for the film  She directed Fruit Punch in 1991, which was a commercial film produced by a large Hong Kong film studio  In 1992 she directed and produced Autumn Moon  The film was a hit in the film festival circuit  It won the Golden Leopard Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 1992, as well as the European Art Theatres Association Best Picture Award and the Youth Special Jury Award in Switzerland and the Best Screenplay in Valencia (1994)  It was also awarded at the Belgium and Portugal film festivals  Autumn Moon was selected for official screenings at the New York Film Festival as well as in Sundance, Toronto, London, Rotterdam, Gothenburg, Thessaloniki, Nantes, San Francisco, Créteil, Dublin, Puerto Rico, Seattle, Jerusalem, New Delhi, Wellington, Midnight Sun Finland, Rio de Janeiro, Reykjavik, Ghent, Munich, Ankara, Sydney and Melbourne  In 1993 she released Temptation of a Monk  The film is an adaptation of a novella by Lillian Lee  The film was shot entirely on location in the north and northwestern part of China  The film was selected for competition at the Venice Film Festival in 1993  It won the Grand Prix at the Créteil International Film Festival in France (1994)  The film was also selected for official screenings at the Toronto, Sundance, Rotterdam and Brisbane film festivals, and as the closing film at the L A  Film Festival  In 1994, Law finished a segment of the movie Erotique called Wonton Soup  Later that year she and Eddie Fong moved to Australia 

1994 – present
She moved to Australia with Eddie Fong in 1994  The pair's first film after their move to Australia is Floating Life, which was completed in 1996  It won the Silver Leopard Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 1996, and two other awards including Best Film, it was selected by Prix FICC and the "Ambiente salute: Qualita di vita" award  It also won the Best Film and Best Director Awards at the Gijon International Film Festival in Spain, and the Grand Prix at the Créteil International Film Festival in France  It was nominated for three awards at the Australian Film Institute Awards including Best Director and Best Screenplay, and it received nine nominations at the Golden Horse International Film Festival in Taiwan, including the awards for Best Film, Best Director and Best Screenplay  Floating Life was also Australia's official entry in the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 69th Academy Awards (1997)  The film was also screened at the Sydney, Melbourne, London, Rotterdam, Hof, Stockholm, Toronto and Hawaii film festivals  The Goddess of 1967, shot on location in the outback of Australia and Tokyo, was completed in 2000  It was in competition at the Venice film festival in 2000 where Rose Byrne won the Best Actress Award  What's more, Clara Law was nominated for the Golden Lion in Venice  The film also pocketed the Best Director Award at the Chicago International Film Festival, the Best Director Award at the Teplice Art Film Festival in Slovakia and the FIPRESCI Critics' Award for Best Film at the Tromsø Film Festival in Norway  The film was also selected for official screenings at the Toronto, London, Pusan, Hof, Vancouver, Hawaii, Taipei, Rotterdam, Jerusalem, Karlovy Vary and Oslo film festivals  She directed her first digital documentary in 2004 called Letters to Ali with Eddie Fong who co-produced, edited, and shot the film  The film was selected for competition at the Venice Film Festival and for official screenings at the Toronto, Pusan, Gothenburg and Melbourne film festivals  She completed Like a Dream in 2009  This film marked her return to Asia  The film was nominated in nine categories at the 2009 Golden Horse Awards  It also opened the 2010 Hong Kong International Film Festival  In 2010, Law made a short film, Red Earth, commissioned by the Hong Kong International Film Festival  The short was selected in the Horizon category at the 2010 Venice film festival Law's films explore themes surrounding migration and exile, including loyalty, family, love, and nostalgia  She has used a variety of visual and narrative styles throughout her oeuvre to interrogate cultural dislocation and its effect on individuals and communities 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
See also
List of graduates of University of Hong Kong
Passage 2:
I'll Get By (film)
I'll Get By is a 1950 American comedy musical film directed by Richard Sale, and starring June Haver, Gloria DeHaven and William Lundigan 
This story follows themes explored in 1940's Tin Pan Alley, with updated characters and music  The plot revolves around songwriters and their struggles in the music industry 

Plot
Song plugger Bill Spencer runs into Liza Martin, literally  He slams a door into her accidentally while rushing to bring a new recording to Peter Pepper, an influential New York disc jockey  The record breaks 
After he is fired, Bill opens his own music publishing business  He hires a secretary, Miss Murphy, and gains a partner in Freddy Lee, a young man from Texas, with whom he peddles a song that piano player Chester Dooley has written  They hear the singer Terry Martin is performing with trumpeter Harry James at a club, so they go there to pitch the song to her  Terry's sister is also in the act; she is Liza, the girl Bill once awkwardly met 
Freddy annoys Terry but the girls like the song, "I'll Get By," and agree to record it  Before long, it and they become huge successes  But, before a benefit in Hollywood, when the actress Jeanne Crain asks to perform the song, Bill says no because he promised it to Liza, but behind his back, Freddy agrees to let the actress have it  A furious Liza leaves Bill and refuses to listen to his attempts to explain 
The boys are drafted into the Marines, and when they report to a San Diego base, they run into Miss Murphy, who is now stationed there as an officer  After the boys ship out for duty, Miss Murphy goes out of her way to explain to Liza and Terry what happened with the song  The girls go on a USO show tour to the South Pacific where the guys have been sent, and all are reunited 

Cast
June Haver as Liza Martin
William Lundigan as William Spencer
Gloria DeHaven as Terry Martin
Dennis Day as Freddy Lee
Thelma Ritter as Miss Murphy
Harry James as Harry James (himself)
Jeanne Crain as Jeanne Crain (herself)
Steve Allen as Peter Pepper
Harry Antrim as Mr  Olinville
Danny Davenport as Chester Dooley
Dan Dailey as Pvt  Dan Dailey (himself)

Awards
Lionel Newman received a nomination for the 1951 Academy Award in the category of Best Music, Scoring for this film 
Passage 3:
The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus
The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (Chinese: 潘金蓮之前世今生) is a 1989 Hong Kong film directed by Clara Law and produced by Teddy Robin, and written by Lilian Lee  The film stars Joey Wong, Eric Tsang, Wilson Lam, Pal Sinn, and Ku Feng  The film premiered in Taiwan on 4 August 1989 

Plot
During Song Dynasty, Pan Jinlian was beheaded by the warder, she is reborn into the body of a baby girl named Shan Yulian, in Shanghai, after the Chinese Communist Revolution 
The war orphaned Shan Yulian at an early age  She graduated from Shanghai Arts School, majoring in Ballet 
In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution, Shan Yulian was brought to be persecuted and suffered political persecution by the CPC Government, she was raped by the President of Shanghai Dance Troupe  During the Down to the Countryside Movement, Shan Yulian was sent to the May Seventh Cadre Schools to work, she married a stupid farmer Wu Da, but she falls in love with Wu Da's brother, Wu Long, at the same time, Simon, who is a local playboy start to pursue her, and she falls into a love triangle with Wu Long and Simon 

Cast
Joey Wong as Pan Jinlian/ Shan Yulian
Eric Tsang as Wu Da
Wilson Lam as Wu Long
Pal Sinn as Simon
Ku Feng

Release
The film was first released in Taiwan on 4 August 1989, and it was given a wider release on 16 February 1990 
The film was screened at the Toronto Festival of Festivals 
The film grossed $8,160,911 00 million 

Award
Passage 4:
9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu
The 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (January 6, 1933 – March 1, 2012) was the 9th reincarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the third highest lama in the Tibetan Buddhism hierarchy and the spiritual leader of the Gelug lineage among the Khalkha Mongols  Although recognized as the reincarnation of the Bogd Khan in 1936, his identity was kept a secret by the Dalai Lama until 1990, due to the persecution of the Buddhist religion by the Communist Mongolian People's Republic, and he did not reside in Mongolia until the final year of his life 

Biography
He was born as Jampal Namdol Chökyi Gyaltsen on the tenth day of the eleventh month of Water Monkey year (6 January 1933) near the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet  Six months after his birth, his parents separated and his mother left him in the care of his uncle who was a bodyguard of the thirteenth Dalai Lama  The thirteenth Dalai Lama died in December 1933, and Reting Rinpoche became Regent of Tibet until a new Dalai Lama was discovered and crowned  In 1936, because of the inability of the Mongolian lamas to proclaim the discovery of the ninth Khutughtu, Reting Rinpoche recognised Jampal Namdol Chökyi Gyaltsen, then aged four, as the reincarnation of the Jetsundamba Khutughtu, after the boy passed three sets of tests  Due to the complex political situation, his existence was kept a secret  At the age of seven, he entered the Drepung Monastery, but because his identity was kept secret, he could not enter the Khalkha Mitsen, but had to follow the life of a common monk  At age 25, he renounced his monastic vows and became a householder, took a wife and had two children  When the fourteenth Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet in 1959, Jampal Namdol did also, fearing that his identity would be revealed and he would be killed or used by the Communists for propaganda 

In exile in India, he worked at various jobs, including in the Tibetan language section of All India Radio, and at Tibet House in New Delhi  His first wife died, and he remarried  In 1975, his family (now including seven children) moved to Karnataka  In 1984, Jampal Namdol visited Lhasa, and in 1990 the Dalai Lama issued a statement revealing the identity of the ninth Khutughtu  In 1991 the Dalai Lama performed an installation ceremony in Madhya Pradesh and in 1992 an enthronement ceremony in Dharmshala for the ninth Jebtsundamba Khutughtu  In July 1999, while visiting Mongolia on a tourist visa, Jampal Namdol took part in an enthronement ceremony at the Gandantegchinlen Khiid Monastery in Ulaanbaatar  He continued to live in exile in India  Now he was considered the leader of Mongolian Buddhists  In 2010 he came to Mongolia at the invitation of the Gandantegchinlin monastery and received Mongolian citizenship, but returned to Dharamshala afterwards  Then he returned to Mongolia  In November 2011 he was enthroned as the head of Buddhists of Mongolia The 14th Dalai Lama appointed the 9th Jebtsundamba to develop the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism Rinpoche died on March 1, 2012, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a prolonged illness On November 23, 2016, during a visit to Mongolia, the Dalai Lama announced his belief that the 10th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu had been reborn in Mongolia and that a process for identifying him had begun  He was found and was anointed on 8 March 2023 by Dalai Lama in India 

See also
Mongolians in India
Passage 5:
Richard Sale (director)
Richard Sale, (December 17, 1911 in New York – March 4, 1993 in Los Angeles) was an American screenwriter, pulp writer, and film director 

Career
Born in New York City, Sale was educated at Washington and Lee University Sale started his career writing as a freelance writer for pulps in the Thirties, appearing regularly in Detective Fiction Weekly (with the Daffy Dill series ), Argosy, Double Detective, and a number of other magazines  In the Forties, he graduated to slick publications like The Country Gentleman and The Saturday Evening Post  In the 1930s, Sale was one of the highest-paid pulp writers   In the mid-Forties to mid-Fifties, he made a career change from writing magazine fiction to screenplays  He became a writer for Paramount pictures, a writer-director for Republic Pictures, 20th Century-Fox, British Lion, United Artists, and Columbia pictures  He also became a television writer, director, and producer for Columbia Broadcasting System Sale's 1936 novel Not Too Narrow, Not Too Deep was filmed as Strange Cargo (1940) starring Joan Crawford and Clark Gable 
He directed several films, including A Ticket to Tomahawk (1950), Meet Me After the Show (1951) with Betty Grable, Let's Make It Legal (1951) featuring one of Marilyn Monroe's earliest film appearances, Malaga (1954), and Gentlemen Marry Brunettes (1955) with Jane Russell  He also wrote many screenplays, Suddenly (1954), The French Line (1954) and  Gentlemen Marry Brunettes, both with Mary Loos, his wife at the time, The Oscar (1966), The White Buffalo (1977) and Assassination (1987)  Alongside his work for many production companies, Sale wrote over 400 short stories Together with Mary Loos, he created the Western television series Yancy Derringer which ran for one season in 1958–59 
Sale died in 1993 after complications from two strokes 

Selected screenplay filmography
As director
Some of these additional movies were found in the Los Angeles Times 
Passage 6:
Max Ehrlich (writer)
Max Simon Ehrlich (October 10, 1909 – February 11, 1983) was an American writer  He is best known for the novel The Reincarnation of Peter Proud and the movie of the same name 

Biography
Early life and education
Max Simon Ehrlich was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on October 10, 1909 to Simon and Sarah Ehrlich  He received a B A  degree from the University of Michigan in 1933 

Career
Ehrlich began his career in newspapers, working as a correspondent for the Albany, New York Knickerbocker Press and Evening News during his college years, then after graduating as a feature writer for the Springfield, Massachusetts Republican  From there he turned to radio, working as the chief writer of the script division of WSPR in 1938 and 1939, in the script division of the American Jewish Committee from 1939 to 1941, and from 1941 to 1945 he was the assistant script director of the radio division of the American Red Cross After 1945, Ehrlich was a novelist, playwright, radio and TV dramatist, and author of adaptations for radio, television, and feature films  He wrote radio scripts for series including The Big Story, The Shadow, Big Town, Mr  and Mrs  North, and Murder at Midnight  His television work included scripts for the series Barney Blake, The Big Story, The Defenders, The Nurses, The United States Steel Hour, and Star Trek (episode "The Apple")  Three of his feature film scripts (listed below) were adaptations of his own novels 

Marriage and children
Ehrlich married and had two daughters  One daughter, Amy Ehrlich, is a writer of books for children 

Death
Ehrlich died on February 11, 1983 

Published books
The Big Eye (Doubleday, 1949)
Spin the Glass Web (Harper & Brothers, 1952)
First Train to Babylon (Harper, 1955)
The Takers (Harper, 1961)
Deep is the Blue (Doubleday, 1964)
The High Side (Fawcett Publications, 1970)
The Edict (Doubleday, 1971)
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud (Bobbs-Merrill, 1974)
The Savage is Loose (Bantam Books, 1974)
The Cult (Simon & Schuster, 1978)
Reincarnation in Venice (Simon & Schuster, 1979)
Naked Beach (Granada, 1979)
The Big Boys (Houghton Mifflin, 1981)
Shaitan (Arbor House, 1981)

Filmography
Films
Television
Awards
1944: Writers' War Board Award
1963: Huntington Hartford Foundation Fellowship
Passage 7:
Pal Sinn
Pal Sinn Lap-man (born 17 March 1959) is a Hong Kong musician, singer and actor Sinn is noted for his roles as Sai-Mun Hing in The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus, for which he received Hong Kong Film Award nomination for Best New Performer 

Life
Early life
Sinn was born and raised in Hong Kong, where he attended the Lung Cheung Government Technical Secondary School in the early 1970s 

Career
At 16, Sinn began his career as a singer at a bar on Lockhart Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong In 1986, Sinn joined Chyna, a heavy metal rock band founded by Donald Ashley   After the band was disbanded, then he founded the Blue Jeans with Su Dehua, but Blue Jeans was disbanded in 1990 He had his first experience in front of the camera in 1986, and he was chosen to act as a support actor in Jeffrey Lau's Operation Pink Squad, an action film starring Sandra Ng, Guan Xiumei, Ann Bridgewater, Elsie Chan, and Charlie Cho 
For his role as Sai-Mun Hing in The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (1989), Sinn was nominated for the Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer  That same year, he participated in Tai Kit Mak's All Night Long, a story film starring Carol Cheng, Shui-Fan Fung, Elizabeth Lee, Elsie Chan, Crystal Kwok, and Wu Ma  Then he appeared as a fast food restaurant staff in Clarence Fok's The Iceman Cometh, the film stars Yuen Biao, Yuen Wah, and Maggie Cheung 
He co-starred with Michelle Monique Reis, Natalis Chan and Iwanbeo Leung in Yuen Cheung-Yan's Coup De Grace (1990)  Sinn also filmed in Love Is Love, alongside Stephen Chow, Suki Kwan, Sandra Ng, and Sing Fui On 
In 1991, Sinn played Hussein, who is a gambler, in Wong Jing's God of Gamblers II, an action film starring Andy Lau, Stephen Chow, and Ng Man Tat  That same year, he starred as Sai-Mun Hing in The Golden Lotus 'Love and Desire', based on the novel The Golden Lotus by Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng 
In 1992, Sinn portrayed Gao Ya'nei, the son of Grand Marshal Gao Qiu, in All Men Are Brothers – Blood of the Leopard, adapted from Shi Nai'an's classical novel The Water Margin  The film also stars Tony Leung, Joey Wang, and Elvis Tsui 
In 1993, Sinn had a minor role as Da Jiaoban in Wong Jing's City Hunter, which starred Jackie Chan, Chingmy Yau, Joey Wang, and Richard Norton 
In 1994, Sinn starred in a historical film called Fire Dragon with Brigitte Lin, Max Mok, and Sandra Ng, directed by Yuen Woo-ping  He played the lead role in Whatever You Want, opposite Jordan Chan, Anita Yuen, and Law Kar-ying 
In 1995, Sinn appeared as Julian in Detective Investigation Files II, he also participated in its sequel Detective Investigation Files IV (1999) 
In 2007, Sinn was cast in Ho-Cheung Pang's Exodus, a suspense film starring Simon Yam, Irene Wan, and Nick Cheung 
Sinn had a cameo appearance in Dream Home (2010), which starred Eason Chan as Zheng Lichang's lover (played by Josie Ho) 
In 2011, Sinn acted in the romantic comedy film Lan Kwai Fong 
In 2012, Sinn had a supporting role in The Silent War, a film adaptation based on the novel Plot by Mai Jia 

Personal life
In the 1980s, Sinn fell in love with Anita Mui Sinn began dating Paisley Wu in 1996, and they married in 2008 

Instruments
Pal Sinn has played a number of basses in his music career, such Tune, Fodera and Bacchus 

Filmography
Film
Television
Discography
Albums
Awards
Passage 8:
Escape Route (film)
Escape Route is a 1952 British black-and-white thriller film, directed by Seymour Friedman and Peter Graham Scott, and starring George Raft, Sally Gray and Clifford Evans The film was known in the US as I'll Get You (not to be confused with an earlier Raft film, I'll Get You for This) The film is largely filmed in the streets of London 

Plot
An American, Steve Rossi, enters Britain by slipping past immigration at Heathrow Airport, leading to a national manhunt by the police led by Scotland Yard 
Rossi heads into London where he tracks down Bailey, a barman in a cocktail bar, and asks him about Michael Grand  The barman passes him a note with an address which leads him to a woman, who says she does not know Grand  She agrees to change his US currency and buy him a coat while he waits in her flat  For money, she gives him another address: Kingston House, a swanky block of flats on Kingston Road  He takes a taxi there 
Their he meets Joan Miller who says yes it is Grand's flat but she is his secretary and he is not there  She claims that Grand is not going to return, but calls Grand who agrees to meet  Rossi wants to stay put in Grand's flat but Joan pulls a gun on him and together they drive to an old terraced house where Rossi meets Wilkes who starts quizzing Rossi 
Rossi says that Grand offered him a job, working on aircraft design  Joan is asked to accommodate Rossi in her own flat 
Meanwhile the police post Rossi's picture in all the newspapers and quiz various underworld figures to try to locate him  The taxi driver recognises the picture 
Joan Miller is revealed to be an MI5 agent  Rossi reveals himself to be an FBI agent posing as a nuclear scientist in an attempt to infiltrate a gang kidnapping western scientists and taking them across the Iron Curtain  Grand has recently arranged the kidnap of an American  With MI5's assistance, Rossi monitors Grand and arranges a meeting with him  Growing increasingly suspicious of Rossi, Grand and his organisation make several attempts to kill him 
Rossi and Joan follow Irma Brookes, Grand's female assistant in an attempt to find him  Irma Brookes and a body with some of Grand's ID is found in a burned out car 
Rossi is caught and taken to Hammersmith Police Station  It is explained that Rossi wanted to get into the papers so that Grand would be aware of his presence 
Rossi cannot identify the body in the mortuary as Grand as he is unsure of his appearance 
The viewer finally sees Grand when Max, another taxi driver, informs him of what he has seen both at the burning car and near the mortuary 
Rossi dons a naval uniform and tails Grand on foot through empty streets in the city, leaving a chalk trail of markers for Joan to follow  Grand goes to the River Thames where the low tide allows him to walk along the edge  They end at the Old Swan Pier near London Bridge  Grand pulls a gun and a scuffle begins  Grand escapes to a rooftop of a grain elevator close to The Monument  They end up fighting on an external freight lift heading back to the ground  Rossi wins and the police arrive 

Cast
George Raft as Steve Rossi
Sally Gray as Joan Miller
Clifford Evans as Michael Grand
Frederick Piper as Inspector Reid
Reginald Tate as Colonel Wilkes
Patricia Laffan as Irma Brookes
June Ashley as Beauty Shop Attendant
John Warwick as Security Chief Brice
Roddy Hughes as Porter
Grace Arnold as Neighbour
Cyril Chamberlain as Bailey
Howard Douglas as Taxi Driver
Arthur Lovegrove as Phillips
Anthony Pendrell as Rees
Norman Pierce as Inspector Hobbs
Harry Towb as Immigration Officer

Production
It was made at Walton Studios and on location around London, mostly in the City of London, at a time when there was still much bomb damage from the Second World War  American actress Coleen Gray was reported to have been cast opposite Raft, but the role was eventually played by the English star Sally Gray  It was one of several films made by British companies in connection with the low-budget American outfit Lippert Pictures, which distributed the film in the United States  It was made on a larger budget than most Lippert releases 

Reception
The Los Angeles Times said the film was "so mysterious" the filmmakers "almost succeeded in keeping the story to themselves "
Passage 9:
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud is a 1975 American psychological horror film directed by J  Lee Thompson, and starring Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder, and Jennifer O'Neill  It follows a university professor who, after experiencing a series of bizarre nightmares, comes to believe he is the reincarnation of someone else  It is based on the 1973 novel of the same title by Max Ehrlich, who adapted the screenplay 

Plot
Peter Proud, a college professor in Los Angeles, begins having recurring dreams he cannot explain  In one particular nightmare, Peter witnesses the murder of a young man by his girlfriend, Marcia, while he swims naked in a lake near a hotel  As he screams his final words, "Marcia, don't!," she bludgeons him with an oar, and he drowns  In subsequent dreams, Peter witnesses brief vignettes from the man's life, including romances with two different women, and has visions of houses and landmarks that are unknown to him 
Peter is haunted by his dreams and seeks medical treatment  He attends a sleep laboratory to try to decipher his dreams  However, the resident doctor, Sam Goodman, informs him that his dreams do not register as being dreams; in fact, they do not register at all  One evening while watching television, several of Peter's visions play out before him on a local documentary film titled The Changing Face of America  He sees an arch and church in the documentary that have figured prominently in his dreams, and calls the television station to discover the location  Upon learning that the location of his "visions" is in Massachusetts, Proud and his girlfriend Nora travel there 
In Massachusetts, the couple drive from town to town, but are unsuccessful until they arrive in Springfield  It is here that Proud begins to see familiar sights from his visions, such as a bridge, a church, the Puritan statue, and others  Nora decides to return to California, tired of Peter's relentless searching, which she dismisses as delusion  After Nora leaves, Peter continues his journey  Eventually, Peter locates Marcia, the mystery woman from his nightmares, now a middle-aged alcoholic  Peter subsequently befriends Marcia's daughter Ann at a local country club where Marcia's husband Jeff was once a tennis pro; Ann has recently returned home to care for her emotionally unstable mother  Through his research, Peter uncovers that Jeff was found drowned in Crystal Lake in 1946 under mysterious circumstances 
Marcia is suspicious of Peter and curious about his motives, specifically how much he seems to know about her life  Ann and Peter quickly develop a romance, much to the disapproval of Marcia, who responds by increasingly drinking and taking prescription drugs  Peter initially has some hesitation toward pursuing a relationship with Ann after considering that she may have been his daughter in a previous life, but he ultimately chooses to continue the romance  Ann tells Peter her father proposed to Marcia in the same area where they just made love 
One afternoon, Marcia accompanies Peter and Ann to the country club, where they lounge at the poolside  While Ann goes for a swim, Marcia witnesses a sleeping Peter repeating the phrase "Marcia, don't!" in Jeff's voice  This horrifies her, and she flees home where she locks herself in her bedroom  Later, she masturbates to the memory of Jeff raping her after she confronted him about an affair he had while she was pregnant with Ann  The following day, Marcia confronts Peter, demanding to know his true identity  The two get into a heated argument, during which he confirms that he is a reincarnation of her deceased husband 
Meanwhile, Peter realizes that by having re-enacted or visited the sites of his visions, they seem to have ceased haunting him  The lake vision of Jeff's murder is his last to be conquered  Drawn to the lake where Jeff died years prior, Peter enters the water, hoping to unfetter himself from the vision  While in the water, Marcia approaches him in the same boat she did Jeff years ago, now brandishing a pistol  Addressing Peter as Jeff, Marcia asks why he has returned to torment her, and accuses him of incest with Ann  When Peter tries to climb into the boat, Marcia shoots him to death  She watches as his body sinks to the bottom of the lake 

Cast
Production
Film rights to the novel were sold to Bing Crosby Productions before the novel had been published  In April 1974 it was announced the film would star Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder and Jennifer O'Neill, and be directed by J  Lee Thompson  The novel came out in October - the Los Angeles Times called it "riveting" Principal photography began on 24 April 1974 in Los Angeles and Massachusetts 

Release
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud premiered in New York City on April 25, 1975, and subsequently opened in Los Angeles on May 2 

Critical response
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud received a mixed response from critics upon its release  Steven H  Scheuer labelled the film as a "clunky yarn"  Mick Martin and Marsha Porter awarded the film their "turkey" rating and criticized it for its "turgid direction" and "contrived plot"  Leslie Halliwell also panned the film as a "hysterical psychic melodrama which pretty well ruins its own chances by failing to explain its plot"  The Philadelphia Inquirer's Desmond Ryan dismissed the film as "an obtuse essay into the much trampled world of the occult, and it is aptly named since it seems to take several lifetimes to trudge through the film from its modest beginnings to its silly conclusion "Some critics were more generous  Leonard Maltin wrote that the film was "moderately gripping"  A H  Weiler, like Halliwell, was unconvinced by the film's plot, but lauded it for its "polished [filmic] treatment" and Thompson's "properly moody [directorial] style" In a retrospective review, Michael Barrett of PopMatters praised the film's cinematography and editing, which he notes provides "a sense of propulsion to what, in other hands, might be a stagnantly paced story; either sound or image are continually pulling at us, like fate     There's something about The Reincarnation of Peter Proud that keeps it lodged in the memory like a nasty splinter "

Home media
In 2018, Kino Lorber released The Reincarnation of Peter Proud in a special edition Blu-ray featuring a new 4K restoration of the original film elements 

Proposed remake
On November 9, 2009, it was announced that Andrew Kevin Walker and David Fincher (the writer and director, respectively, of Seven) would work on the remake, with Paramount Pictures and Columbia Pictures financing the project  Filming and theatrical release of the remake were planned for 2016, but as of 2018, the project was listed as "in development" New reports of a planned remake emerged in 2021, with development and production now handed over to David Goyer of Phantom Four Films in collaboration with Village Roadshow, and with Sean Durkin serving as writer and director 

See also
List of American films of 1975
Karz, 1980 Indian film which serves as a partial remake
Passage 10:
Unmistaken Child
Unmistaken Child is a 2008 independent documentary film, which follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, a world-renowned lama  It was directed by Nati Baratz 

Plot
The documentary follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, the world-renowned lama (master teacher) Geshe Lama Konchog  The filming, which began in October 2001, spans a time frame of five and a half years  It follows the deceased lama's closest disciple – a modest young monk named Tenzin Zopa, who speaks English well – as he seeks to find the child who is his master's reincarnation 
Because Tenzin is only a humble monk, he questions his ability to accurately find and recognize the reincarnation of an enlightened master  He is daunted by the difficulty of the task, for which he alone seems responsible 
Following a combination of prayer, intuition, and various forms of divination, Tenzin travels to the tiny villages of the remote Tsum Valley on the Nepal–Tibet border, and checks many families and many children  He seeks to find a young boy of the right age who responds emotionally to one of his former master's possessions  Still, many questions would remain, and many tests and trials must be met before the existence of a tulku – a reincarnated Tibetan master – could be confirmed  And even beyond the question of the confirmation of a reincarnation is the emotional toll involved in removing a small child from his loving parents and familiar village 

Inception
The film was created, directed, and written by Israeli filmmaker Nati Baratz  He and his wife had attended a lecture given by Tenzin Zopa, who at the end asked everyone to pray for the location of the reincarnation of Geshe Lama Konchog, his recently deceased teacher "Tenzin really touched me in a profound way", Baratz said in an interview  “He has a huge heart, and he's very smart  And when I heard that he’s looking for the reincarnation of his master, I thought this is a movie I must make "

Release, broadcast, and DVD
Unmistaken Child was first screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2008  Festival screenings in Berlin, San Francisco, and other festivals around the world followed  The film opened in limited theatrical release in the U S  in June 2009, and subsequently in limited theatrical release around the world 
Unmistaken Child was selected for and aired on the award-winning PBS series Independent Lens in April 2010  Oscilloscope Laboratories published the film on DVD in 2009 

Awards
Full Frame Documentary Film Festival
Full Frame Inspiration Award
Anne Dellinger Special Jury Award
The Charles E  Guggenheim Emerging Artist Award – Honorable MentionRiverRun International Film Festival
Best DocumentaryEBS International Documentary Festival
Grand Prix
Audience AwardIndependent Film Festival Boston
Special Jury Prize – DocumentaryCamerimage
Grand Prix – Feature Documentary FilmHaifa International Film Festival
Best DocumentaryKrakow Film Festival
Golden Horn – Best Documentary
Cracow Students Jury Award – Best Documentary

See also
Tenzin Phuntsok Rinpoche
Tulku (film)
My Reincarnation
Pearl relics
Context 3: Passage 1:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 2:
The Seventh Company Outdoors
The Seventh Company Outdoors (French: La Septième Compagnie au clair de lune) is a 1977 French comedy film directed by Robert Lamoureux  It is a sequel to Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to? 

Cast
Jean Lefebvre - Pithivier
Pierre Mondy - Chaudard
Henri Guybet - Tassin
Patricia Karim - Suzanne Chaudard
Gérard Hérold - Le commandant Gilles
Gérard Jugnot - Gorgeton
Jean Carmet - M  Albert, le passeur
André Pousse - Lambert
Michel Berto
Passage 3:
Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?
Now Where Did the 7th Company Get To? (French: Mais où est donc passée la septième compagnie?) is a 1973 French-Italian comedy war film directed by Robert Lamoureux  The film portrays the adventures of a French Army squad lost somewhere on the front in May 1940 during the Battle of France 

Plot
During the Battle of France, while German forces are spreading across the country, the 7th Transmission Company suffers an air raid near the Machecoul woods, but survive and hide in the woods  Captain Dumont, the company commander, sends Louis Chaudard, Pithiviers and Tassin to scout the area  After burying the radio cable beneath a sandy road, the squad crosses the field, climbs a nearby hill, and takes position within a cemetery  One man cut down the wrong tree for camouflage, pulling up the radio cable and revealing it to the passing German infantry  The Germans cut the cable, surround the woods, and order a puzzled 7th Company to surrender  The squad tries to contact the company, but then witness their capture and run away 
Commanded by Staff Sergeant Chaudard, the unit stops in a wood for the night  Pithiviers is content to slow down and wait for the end of the campaign  The next day, he goes for a swim in the lake, in sight of possible German fighters  When Chaudard and Tassin wake up, they leave the camp without their weapons to look for Pithiviers  Tassin finds him and gives an angry warning, but Pithiviers convinces Tassin to join him in the lake  Chaudard orders them to get out, but distracted by a rabbit, falls into the lake  While Chaudard teaches his men how to swim, two German fighter planes appear, forcing them out of the water  After shooting down one of the German planes, a French pilot, Lieutenant Duvauchel, makes an emergency landing and escapes before his plane explodes  PFC Pithiviers, seeing the bad shape of one of his shoes, destroys what is left of his shoe sole  Tassin is sent on patrol to get food and a new pair of shoes for Pithiviers  Tassin arrives in a farm, but only finds a dog, so he returns and Chaudard goes to the farm after nightfall  The farmer returns with her daughter-in-law and Lt Duvauchel, and she welcomes Chaudard  Duvauchel, who is hiding behind the door, comes out upon hearing the news and decides to meet Chaudard's men 
When Chaudard and Duvauchel return to the camp, Tassin and Pithiviers are roasting a rabbit they caught  Duvauchel realizes that Chaudard has been lying and takes command 
The following day, the men leave the wood in early morning and capture a German armored tow truck after killing its two drivers  They originally planned to abandon the truck and the two dead Germans in the woods, but instead realized that the truck is the best way to disguise themselves and free the 7th Company  They put on the Germans' uniforms, recover another soldier of the 7th Company, who succeeded in escaping, and obtain resources from a collaborator who mistook them for Germans 
On their way, they encounter a National Gendarmerie patrol, who appear to be a 5th column  The patrol injures the newest member of their group, a young soldier, and then are killed by Tassin  In revenge, they destroy a German tank using the tow truck's cannon gun 
They planned to go to Paris but are misguided by their own colonel, but find the 7th Company with guards who are bringing them to Germany  Using their cover, they make the guards run in front of the truck, allowing the company to get away  When Captain Dumont joins his Chaudard, Tassin, and Pithiviers in the truck, who salute the German commander with a great smile 

Casting
Jean Lefebvre : PFC Pithiviers
Pierre Mondy : Staff Sergent Paul Chaudard
Aldo Maccione: PFC Tassin
Robert Lamoureux: Colonel Blanchet
Erik Colin: Lieutenant Duvauchel
Pierre Tornade: Captain Dumont
Alain Doutey: Carlier
Robert Dalban : The peasant
Jacques Marin: The collaborationist
Robert Rollis: A French soldier

Production
The film's success spawned two sequels:– 1975 : On a retrouvé la septième compagnie (The Seventh Company Has Been Found) by Robert Lamoureux;
– 1977 : La Septième Compagnie au clair de lune (The Seventh Company Outdoors)) by Robert Lamoureux The story is set in Machecoul woods, but it was actually filmed near Cerny and La Ferté-Alais, as well as Jouars-Pontchartrain and Rochefort-en-Yvelines  The famous grocery scene was filmed in Bazoches-Sur-Guyonne 
Robert Lamoureux based this film on his own personal experiences in June 1940 during the war 
The final scene with the parachute is based on a true story  The 58 Free French paratroopers were parachuted into Brittany in groups of three, on the night of 7 June 1944 to neutralize the rail network of Normandy Landings in Brittany, two days before 

Box office
The movie received a great success in France reaching the third best selling movie in 1974 

Notes
External links
Mais où est donc passée la septième compagnie? at IMDb
Passage 4:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 5:
Balls Out (2014 film)
Balls Out is a 2014 American sports comedy film directed by Andrew Disney, based on a script by Bradley Jackson  The film stars Jake Lacy, Beck Bennett, Jay Pharoah, Nikki Reed, Kate McKinnon, DC Pierson, Nick Kocher, Brian McElhaney, Nick Rutherford and Gabriel Luna, and focuses on a group of college seniors that decide to form an intramural football team before graduating The film, originally titled Intramural, stars cast members of comedy groups Saturday Night Live, Derrick Comedy, BriTANicK, and Good Neighbor  The film was picked up by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Orion Pictures and was given a limited release on film and video on demand on June 19, 2015 

Synopsis
Caleb (Jake Lacy) is a fifth-year senior preparing to graduate  Not quite ready to settle into the life, expectations, and realities outside of his college, he decides that he wants to reassemble The Panthers, an intramural football team that had to shut down after one of the team members ended up getting partially paralyzed for life  Doing so is going to be far more difficult than he expected 

Cast
Jake Lacy as Caleb Fuller
Nikki Reed as Meredith Downs
Kate McKinnon as Vicky Albrecht
Beck Bennett as Dick Downs
Nick Kocher as Grant Rosenfalis
Brian McElhaney as Chance Gilman
Gabriel Luna as Vinnie
Will Elliott as George Irwin
Kirk C  Johnson as Ace
Sam Eidson as Jimmy Harris
Nick Rutherford as Hank
Jay Pharoah as Dan Albert
DC Pierson as Bill Costas
Michael Hogan as Mr  Albrecht
Clint Howard as Philip Bronson
John Merriman as Fireman
Mike MacRae as Doctor

Production
The film's script was written by Bradley Jackson during his sophomore year at the University of Texas, where he was inspired to create the script after listening to his friends brag about their intramural sports games  Jackson expressed his desire to have Andrew Disney direct the film, as he greatly enjoyed his work  Nikki Reed was later confirmed to be performing in the film, as were Beck Bennett and Michael Hogan  Jackson and Disney raised funds for the film through a successful Kickstarter campaign, and filming began on July 12, 2013, in Austin, Texas and continued for six weeks, ending on August 22, 2013 

Release
The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 19, 2014  The film went on to screen at the Montclair Film Festival on May 4, 2014  and the Seattle International Film Festival on June 6, 2014  The film was picked up by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Orion Pictures and was retitled Balls Out  The film was released in a limited release and video on demand on June 19, 2015 

Reception
The film was met with positive reviews from film critics  It currently holds an 80% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 15 reviews  Andy Webster of The New York Times praised the film for its self-aware humor and talented cast for having comedic timing, singling out Kate McKinnon as a standout, concluding that "she displays talent too vast for the small screen  Now watch her career rocket " Nick Prigge of Slant Magazine gave a mixed review of the film, saying that it was at odds with itself of being either a straight sports film or a satire of the genre  Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly said that while there's some funny commentary on the absurdity of sports films he found the film less a feature film and more a long television sketch It won both the Cinema Dulce Best of Fest and Best Actor (Jake Lacy) awards at the Hill Country Film Festival and the Best Guilty Pleasure Audience Award at the Seattle International Film Festival  It also won the Best Sport Comedy award in The Vancouver Sun's 2015 Sports Market Movie Awards 

See also
List of American football films
Searching for Sonny, the 2011 film directorial debut of Andrew Disney
Passage 6:
Marisa Tayui
Marisa Tayui (田結 万里紗) is a Japanese American actress  She appeared in the 2007 film Balls of Fury  She has also made appearances on The Andy Dick Show, Monk, Two and a Half Men, Heroes, MTV Movie Awards 2004, House, and The Bold and the Beautiful  She appeared in the Adam Sandler film Just Go With It 
Passage 7:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 8:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 9:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 10:
Andrew Disney
Andrew Disney is a Texas filmmaker and writer  He has attended the Tisch School of the Arts, where he received a BFA in Film Production 

Filmography
As director
What's It Worth (2003, also writer)
Frank's Last Shot (2007)
Searching for Sonny (2011, also writer)
Balls Out (2014)
Crunch Time (2016)



ground_truth: no

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the director of film The Dinner (2013 Film) born?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Jolly Blackburn
Jolly Randall Blackburn is an American publisher and cartoonist who is best known as the creator of the comic strip and identically titled magazine  Knights of the Dinner Table 

Early life
As a child, Jolly Blackburn enjoyed playing Monopoly, Life, Sorry  and many other board games  At age 15, he was introduced to the Avalon Hill wargame Luftwaffe, and soon owned several other wargames  While perusing wargames at the local games shop, Blackburn was introduced to Dungeons & Dragons, and he eventually created his own campaign world called Alderac  
Following high school, Blackburn entered Ball State University where he majored in anthropology, history, and classical cultures : 120

Shadis
After graduation, Blackburn enlisted in the Army, and married his wife Barbara  Blackburn had always wanted to be a writer, and while he was posted in Fort Jackson, South Carolina, he and Barbara launched a gaming magazine titled Shadis  He also created Alderac Entertainment Group, named after his D&D campaign world   (Shadis was the name of one of the moons that circled Alderac ): 262 Shadis was a black-and-white digest that featured gaming articles usually written by Blackburn, as well as several fictional works by Blackburn, collectively referred to as the "Alderac Anthology", since they were set in Blackburn's Alderac world : 262 In the second issue, faced with a blank last page, Blackburn drew a roughly drawn comic strip titled Knights of the Dinner Table that featured a group of gamers seated at a table playing a fictional role-playing game called Hackmaster  As Blackburn told Allen Varney,  "I had been a great fan of J D  Webster's Finieous Fingers from the early Dragon Magazine, and I wanted something similar  Unfortunately, I couldn't find anyone willing to do a strip  Finally I sat down and drew out a very crude cartoon showing a gamemaster and a player sitting around a table arguing over a rules call " Blackburn based the comic strip's players on his gamer friends, and the gamemaster B A  Felton on himself  Blackburn continued to draw the cartoon for Issues 3 to 5, but in Issue 6, believing that his readers wanted better artwork and a more involved storyline, Blackburn replaced his own comic strip with more professional cartoon strips  However, his readers' outcry convinced him to immediately return to Knights of the Dinner Table in the very next issue : 262 Blackburn had to put both Shadis and Knights of the Dinner Table on hold for 18 months in 1991–1992  He was still working as a sergeant in the army, and during Operation: Desert Storm, Blackburn was involved with activating reservists for remedial training prior to deployment, a job that required him to work working seven days a week for up to 16 hours a day  Following the end of the conflict, Blackburn returned to writing : 262

Knights of the Dinner Table
In 1994, Alderac published a Knights of the Dinner Table comic book, and followed up with two more issues  But by the following year, Blackburn felt that his plans for the future had diverged from his partners John Zinser and David Seay — they wanted to expand Alderac and look for success in the collectible card game industry while Blackburn wanted to keep the company fun and small and focus on Knights of the Dinner Table : 263  Blackburn sold his share of Alderac to his partners — keeping the rights to Knights of the Dinner Table — and also sold Shadis after Issue 21   
Blackburn believed that he could produce a monthly Knights of the Dinner Table magazine, and started up KODT Enteractive Facktory with that in mind : 309 While he was working on getting that new company together, Blackburn received a call from the editor of TSR's Dragon magazine, asking if the Knights of the Dinner Table strip was now available; although Blackburn originally planned to continue the strip in Shadis, he accepted the offer and Knights of the Dinner Table appeared Issue 226 of Dragon (February 1996)  Blackburn's comic suddenly reached ten times the audience that it in Shadis, and Blackburn was surprised at the overwhelmingly positive response  He later recounted "I think that's when the light bulb went on over my head   I was shocked by the interest and the apparent appetite for more " Knights of the Dinner Table would continue in Dragon until Issue 269 (March 2000), when it was replaced by an expanded Nodwick strip : 309 After he and Barbara finally published Knights of the Dinner Table #4, Blackburn questioned whether they could make it work on their own  In November 1996 when David Kenzer and some of his Kenzer & Company staff of met Blackburn at a local con, Kenzer asked Blackburn to join his company : 309  Blackburn decided that Kenzer had the sort of business sense and integrity that he was looking for in a partner, and he agreed to become a shareholder  Kenzer reprinted Issue 4 of Knights of the Dinner Table that the Blackburns had produced on their own  Starting with Issue 5 (February 1997), Knights of the Dinner Table was the work of the "KoTD Development Team" which consisted of Jolly Blackburn, David Kenzer, Brian Jelke and Steve Johansson : 310 Knights of the Dinner Table increased in popularity, and Blackburn was invited to be the guest of honor at several conventions, including U Con (November 1998),: 110  Key Con (April 2003) and Gencon (August 2004) In 2022, Knights of the Dinner Table published its 301st issue, becoming the longest comic book series by a single creator (passing the 300 issues of Cerebus the Aardvark created by David Sim) In 2023, Blackburn announced that Knights of the Dinner Table would be moving to an expanded format, but only once every two months, citing the short turnaround times for a monthly magazine and increased production costs 

Hackmaster
As early as 1995, Blackburn toyed with the idea of creating a one-off joke role-playing game called Hackmaster, based on the fictional role-playing game being played in Knights of the Dinner Table  However, Jim Kenzer urged him to wait, believing that it could become a serious product  In 2000, using Wizards of the Coast's Open Game License, Blackburn and Kenzer created Hackmaster, based on the rules for D&D Several years later, Blackburn made the decision to break away from the D&D game system and create an independent role-playing system for Hackmaster  This enabled him to include many items and ideas from the Knights of the Dinner Table comics 

Reception
Writing for Black Gate, John O'Neill noted that the artwork is not what draws readers to Knights of the Dinner Table, commenting, "Jolly has never claimed to be an artist, and in truth the art isn't where this strip shines anyway  Jolly's true gifts are as a writer, and the writing in KoDT is top notch "

Awards
Blackburn has received a number of awards for Knights of the Dinner Table, including:

Origins Awards for "Best Professional Game Magazine" of 1998 and 1999 
Origins Award for "Gamer's Choice: Best Periodical of 2003" 
Origins Award for "Best Game Accessory of 2009" 
Passage 2:
Menno Meyjes
Menno Meyjes (born 1954, Eindhoven) is a Dutch-born American screenwriter, film director, and film producer Meyjes moved to the United States in 1972 and studied at San Francisco Art Institute  He was nominated for several awards for his screenplay to the 1985 film The Color Purple, adapted from the novel by Alice Walker  In 1989, he gained recognition for cowriting Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade with George Lucas and winning a Goya Award for El Sueño del mono loco 
In 2002, Meyjes wrote and directed the film Max He attended the San Francisco Art Institute, where he studied with George Kuchar, James Broughton, and Larry Jordan 

Filmography
Uncredited written works:

Empire of the Sun (1987)
El Sueño del mono loco (1989)
Passage 3:
Jesse E  Hobson
Jesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955  Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation 

Early life and education
Hobson was born in Marshall, Indiana  He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology  Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children 

Career
Awards and memberships
Hobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948 
Passage 4:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 5:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 6:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 7:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 8:
S  N  Mathur
S N  Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980  He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab 
Passage 9:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 10:
The Dinner (2013 film)
The Dinner (Dutch: Het Diner) is a 2013 Dutch drama film written and directed by Menno Meyjes  It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival  The film is based on Herman Koch's novel Het diner 

Plot
Cast
Thekla Reuten as Claire
Kim van Kooten as Babette
Daan Schuurmans as Serge
Jacob Derwig as Paul
Sabine Soetanto
Reinout Bussemaker as Rector
Gusta Geleynse as Dakloze
Wil van der Meer as Tonio
Jonas Smulders as Michel

See also
The Dinner (2014)
The Dinner (2017)



ground_truth: Eindhoven

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did the director of film Balls Out (2014 Film) graduate from?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  Between sixty and one hundred people were trampled to death in the crowd 
Sven Anders Hedin, a medical doctor at the royal court, and married to one of the Queen's chambermaids, Charlotta Hellman, contributed two statements which have been quoted in connection with the scandal  In the summer of 1780, during the King's absence abroad, he passed through the private apartments of the Queen, which were expected to be empty at that hour  There, he claimed to have seen the Queen and Baron Munck embracing each other through the not-quite closed door to her bedroom   To warn them that they were not alone, he hummed a tune and pretended to speak to himself, saying that he would be in trouble if the Queen discovered him there, and then left the room  He claimed to have found three expensive court costumes in his room a few days after this event  In October 1781, Hedin met the King in the corridor on his way to the Queen's bedchamber  Gustav III asked Hedin what time it was, and Hedin claims to have added to his reply: "In nine months, I will be able to answer exactly!" in which Hedin insinuated that the King had expected him to remember the time should the fatherhood of the next child be questioned 
In 1782, Sophia Magdalena had a second son  After the death of her younger son in 1783, her marriage deteriorated  In May 1784, Sophia Magdalena is believed to have had a miscarriage, and after this, there are no further notes of any pregnancies  A brief reconciliation in 1787 was deemed by Duchess Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte in her diaries as temporary, with no hope of being complete and lasting,: 191  as the King was not "receptive to female charm": another insinuation that he was homosexual 
In 1787, Sophia Magdalena deposited a sum of 50 000 riksdaler in an account for Munck, which was generally rumoured to be a "farewell gift" : 156–7   At this point, Munck had started an affair with the ballerina Giovanna Bassi, to whom Sophia Magdalena showed great dislike : 157   The King was terrified when he heard that the Queen had made that deposit, and he tried to prevent the transaction from becoming public knowledge, which, however, did not succeed : 157  Munck was, however, continued to be used as a go-between and a messenger between the King and the Queen, especially during conflicts 
A child of Giovanna Bassi's, rumored to be the child of Munck, bore a strong likeness to the Crown Prince 

Queen Dowager
On 16 March 1792 Gustav III was attacked and mortally wounded  Sophia Magdalena was reportedly shocked and horrified by the attack  The conspirators intended to make her the regent of her son during his minority : 443  As a Guardian government had been necessary by putting a minor monarch on the throne, their plan was to offer this role to Sophia Magdalena by taking military control and offering the Queen dowager the role of presiding over the guardian council instead of her brother-in-law Duke Charles  Directly after she was told of the attack, Sophia Magdalena sent for the king's favorite, Gustav Mauritz Armfelt, and was taken by him to the sick bed of the King  There, she took the hands of the King between hers and cried out to Armfelt: "How horrifying! Such a cruel atrocity!" She was kept informed of his state by Armfelt, but she was prevented from further visits because Gustav did not wish to receive visits from women because of the smell from his wounds  At the death of Gustav III 29 March 1792, she attempted to visit him, but she was blocked by her brother-in-law Duke Charles, who fell on his knees before her to stop her from entering the bed room 
Sophia Magdalena caused a scandal as it was noted that she did not dress in mourning except when she was forced to do so at visits and on formal occasions : 442   This criticism was likely worsened because she was exposed to some suspicions, as it was known that the conspirators had planned to make her regent 
As Queen Dowager, it was a relief to Sophia Magdalena to withdraw from public life  Her brother-in-law, Duke Charles, became regent, and she eschewed a political role  As a widow, Sophia Magdalena lived a withdrawn life  She did not wish to take part in any representational duties, and she gave up her quarters at Drottningholm Palace to be relieved of them  She lived in the Royal Palace in Stockholm during the winter, and at Ulriksdal Palace during the summer  She lived in a circle of her own court, and seldom entertained any guests other than her lifelong friends Maria Aurora Uggla and Virginia Manderström  It is noted that, although she had hated the male favorites of her spouse during his lifetime, she gave several of them positions in her court as a widow  Sophia Magdalena had a close relationship with her son, King Gustav IV Adolf, who visited her regularly and with whom she shared an interest in religion 

In 1797, she insisted on skipping the protocol at the reception of her daughter-in-law, Frederica of Baden  The etiquette demanded that as Queen Dowager, she should not greet her daughter-in-law at the stair of the royal palace with the rest of the royal family, but wait for her in her own salon, but she refused: "I know myself how I suffered, when I arrived to Sweden, and how painfully I reacted to the cold reception I was given by Queen Louisa Ulrika  As for my daughter-in-law, I have decided to spare her from having to experience such bitter emotions!" During the reign of her son, she seldom showed herself at court except on Sundays and at court presentations, and preferred to stay at her estate  She regularly met her son and his family on family visits, but she did not participate in court life 
In 1809 she witnessed the coup and following abdication of her son, King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, after Sweden lost Finland to Russia  She was deeply affected by his deposition  On the day of the coup, she was informed by her friend Maria Aurora Uggla, and in her company she immediately rushed to the quarters of her son  She was prevented from seeing him by guards, and burst into tears in the arms of Uggla  Shortly after, she was visited in her quarters by Duke Charles in the company of guards, who officially told her what had happened and made her burst into tears again by officially banning her from seeing her son  When she, during the captivity of her son, formally applied for permission to see him, and was told by Charles that she could not unless given permission by the government, she publicly commented: "The government was not asked for permission for the murder of my husband, neither any permission was sought to depose and imprison my son, but I must have their permission, to speak to my child " She was never to see her son again, but she corresponded with him for the rest of her life  He was sent into exile and replaced by his paternal uncle Charles XIII, but she remained in Sweden until her death  She did, however, say goodbye to her daughter-in-law and her grandchildren when they left Stockholm to join Gustav Adolf 
In January 1810, she was presented to the elected heir to the throne, Charles August, Crown Prince of Sweden  During his visit, he stopped before the portrait of her grandson Gustav, and informed her that he wished to adopt him for his successor  Later that year (2 November 1810), she was presented to the next elected heir to the throne, Jean Baptiste Bernadotte  He regarded her with suspicion and believed that she did not wish to see him, but she commented: "I am grateful for the sensitivity of the Crown prince, but he is mistaken, if he believes that I do not wish to see him! It would be unfair if I were to hold the least bit of dislike toward him, for it is not he who has deposed my son!" At the meeting, her face was said to have turned white, but at the end, she is said to have been delighted by his charm  In 1811, she was one of the few in the Swedish Court who were nice to Désirée Clary 
In September 1812, Germaine de Staël was presented to her, and gave her the impression of her: "Her Majesty analyzed my books as an educated woman, whose judgement showed as much thoroughness as well as delicate feeling  Never has any one impressed me such as your Queen! I almost dared not reply to her, so taken was I by the royal glory around her – it gave me such respect, that I shivered!" When the Crown Prince banned any contact between Swedes and the former royal family, Germaine de Staël asked that an exception was to be made for Sophia Magdalena, and it was: her letters were however read by foreign minister Lars von Engeström 

Later life and death
Sophia Magdalena lived more isolated towards the end of her life and was affected by worsened health  From 1812, she devoted much of her time to her friendship with the young amateur botanic Baron Anton Fredrik Wrangel  She never fully recovered after having suffered a stroke in May 1813 

Children
In popular culture
The affair of the consummation of her marriage and the succession scandal was portrayed in SVT's period drama production of "Gustav III:s äktenskap" (The Marriage of Gustav III) in 2001, where Sophia Magdalena was portrayed by Danish actress Iben Hjejle 
It was also used to inspire the novel Drottningens juvelsmycke, famous in Sweden, where the character of Tintomara is portrayed as a half sibling of Gustav IV Adolf through Count Munck 

Ancestry
Inline references
Bibliographic references
Alm, Mikael (2003–2006)  Sophia Magdalena  Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (in Swedish)  Vol  32  Retrieved 28 April 2022 
Bech, Claus (1983)  Sophie Magdalene  Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish)  Vol  13 (3 ed )  Copenhagen: Gyldendals Forlag  ISBN 8700055514 
Jørgensen, Harald (1942)  Sophie Magdalene (PDF)  Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish)  Vol  22 (2 ed )  Copenhagen: J H  Schultz Forlag  pp  314–315 
Laursen, Laurs (1902)  "Sophie Magdalene af Danmark"  Dansk biografisk Lexikon, tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814 (in Danish) (1st ed )  Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag  XVI: 179–180 
Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon [Swedish biographical dictionary] (in Swedish), Runeberg, 1906
Stålberg, Wilhelmina (1864), Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor [Notes on Swedish women] (in Swedish), Runeberg 
Munk (in Swedish), SE: Passagen, archived from the original on 9 January 2001
Personakt för Gustav III av >> Holstein-Gottorp, Född 1746-01-24 (in Swedish), NU: Historiska Personer, archived from the original on 9 November 2007, retrieved 9 November 2007
Starbäck, Carl Georg; Bäckström, Per Olof (1885–1986), "Nionde bandet  Gustaf III  Gustaf IV Adolf", Berättelser ur svenska historien [Tales from the history of Sweden] (in Swedish)
Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon [Swedish biographical hand-dictionary] (in Swedish), Runeber, 1906
Andersson, Ingvar (1979)  Gustavianskt [The Gustavian age] (in Swedish)  Fletcher & Son  ISBN 91-46-13373-9 
Ribbing, Gerd, Gustav III:s hustru Sofia Magdalena [Sophia Madalena, wife of Gustav III]
Hartmann, Godfred (1993)  "Gode Dronning" – Om den svenske konge Gustaf III's dronning Sophie Magdalene (1746–1813) og hendes ulykkelige skæbne ["Good Queen" – About the Swedish king Gustaf III's queen Sophie Magdalene (1746–1813) and her unfortunate fate] (in Danish)  København: Gyldendal  ISBN 87-00-15758-9 

Primary sources
af Klercker, Cecilia, ed  (1942)  Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas Dagbok [The diaries of Hedvig Elizabeth Charlotte] (in Swedish)  Vol  IX  PA Norstedt & Söners förlag  Unknown ID 412070  on WorldCat

Further reading
Sophia Magdalena of Denmark at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon
Passage 3:
Guy Newall
Guy Newall (25 May 1885 – 25 February 1937) was a British actor, screenwriter and film director  He was born on the Isle of Wight on 25 May 1885  He began his film career by acting in the 1915 film The Heart of Sister Ann  In 1920 he directed his first film, and went on to direct a further ten including The Chinese Puzzle before his death in 1937  He established a production company with George Clark whom he had met during the First World War, and they raised finance to construct a new studios at Beaconsfield Studios  Newall was married twice, to actresses Ivy Duke and Dorothy Batley 

Partial filmography
Director

The Bigamist (1921)
Fox Farm (1922)
Boy Woodburn (1922)
A Maid of the Silver Sea (1922)
The Starlit Garden (1923)
What the Butler Saw (1924)
Rodney Steps In (1931)
The Rosary (1931)
The Marriage Bond (1932)
The Chinese Puzzle (1932)
Chin Chin Chinaman (1932)
The Admiral's Secret (1934)Actor

The Heart of Sister Ann (1915)
Esther (1916)
Driven (1916)
Money for Nothing (1916)
Mother Love (1916)
Trouble for Nothing (1916)
The Manxman (1916)
Comradeship (1919)
The Garden of Resurrection (1919)
I Will (1919)
Fancy Dress (1919)
The Lure of Crooning Water (1920)
Duke's Son (1920)
The Bigamist (1921)
Boy Woodburn (1922)
A Maid of the Silver Sea (1922)
The Starlit Garden (1923)
Ghost Train (1927)
Number 17 (1928)
The Road to Fortune (1930)
The Eternal Feminine (1931)
Potiphar's Wife (1931)
The Marriage Bond (1932)
Grand Finale (1936)
Merry Comes to Town (1937)
Passage 4:
Mehdi Abrishamchi
Mehdi Abrishamchi (Persian: مهدی ابریشم‌چی born in 1947 in Tehran) is a high-ranking member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) 

Early life
Abrishamchi came from a well-known anti-Shah bazaari family in Tehran, and participated in June 5, 1963, demonstrations in Iran  He became a member of Hojjatieh, and left it to join the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in 1969  In 1972 he was imprisoned for being a MEK member, and spent time in jail until 1979 

Career
Shortly after Iranian Revolution, he became one of the senior members of the MEK  He is now an official in the National Council of Resistance of Iran 

Electoral history
Personal life
Abrishamchi was married to Maryam Rajavi from 1980 to 1985  Shortly after, he married Mousa Khiabani's younger sister Azar 

Legacy
Abrishamchi credited Massoud Rajavi for saving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran after the "great schism" 
Passage 5:
Rodney Steps In
Rodney Steps In is a 1931 British comedy film directed by Guy Newall and starring Richard Cooper, Elizabeth Allan, Walter Piers and Leo Sheffield  A carefree aristocrat becomes involved with a woman suspected of murder - and assists her in proving her innocence 
Passage 6:
Adib Kheir
Adib Kheir (Arabic: أديب الخير) was a leading Syrian nationalist of the 1920s  He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle in Damascus  His granddaughter is the spouse of Manaf Tlass 
Passage 7:
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Maria Teresa (born María Teresa Mestre y Batista; 22 March 1956) is the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as the wife of Grand Duke Henri, who acceded to the throne in 2000 

Early life and education
Maria Teresa was born on 22 March 1956 in Marianao, Havana, Cuba, to José Antonio Mestre y Álvarez (1926–1993) and wife  María Teresa Batista y Falla de Mestre (1928–1988), both from bourgeois families of Spanish descent  She is also the granddaughter of Agustín Batista y González de Mendoza, who was the founder of the Trust Company of Cuba, the most powerful Cuban bank prior to the Cuban Revolution In October 1959, at the time of the Cuban Revolution, Maria Teresa Mestre’s parents left Cuba with their children, because the new government headed by Fidel Castro confiscated their properties  The family settled in New York City,  where as a young girl she was a pupil at Marymount School  From 1961 she carried on her studies at the Lycée Français de New York  In her childhood, Maria Teresa Mestre took ballet and singing courses  She practices skiing, ice-skating and water sports  She later lived in Santander, Spain, and in Geneva, Switzerland, where she became a Swiss citizen In 1980, Maria Teresa graduated from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva with a degree in political sciences  While studying there, she met her future husband Henri of Luxembourg 

Social and humanitarian interests
Soon after her marriage, Maria Teresa and the then Hereditary Grand Duke Henri established The Prince Henri and Princess Maria Teresa Foundation to help those with special needs integrate fully into society  In 2001, she and her husband created The Grand Duke and Grand Duchess Foundation, launched upon the accession of the couple as the new Grand Duke and Duchess of Luxembourg  In 2004, the Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess Maria Teresa Foundation was created after the merging of the two previous foundations 
In 1997, Maria Teresa was made a special ambassador for UNESCO, working to expand education for young girls and women and help to fight poverty Since 2005, Maria Teresa has been the chairwoman of the international jury of the European Microfinance Award, which annually awards holders of microfinance and inclusive finance initiatives in developing countries  Also, since 2006, Maria Teresa has been honorary president of the LuxFLAG (Luxembourg Fund Labeling Agency), the first agency to label responsible microfinance investment funds around the world On 19 April 2007, the Grand Duchess was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008), and Burundi (2009) She is a member of the Honorary Board of the International Paralympic Committee and a patron of the Ligue Luxembourgeoise de Prévention et d’Action medico-sociales and SOS Villages d’Enfants Monde  The Grand Duchess and her husband Grand Duke Henri are the members of the Mentor Foundation (London), created under the patronage of the World Health Organization  She is also the president of the Luxembourg Red Cross and the Cancer Foundation  In 2016, she organized the first international forum on learning disabilities in Luxembourg The Grand Duchess supports the UNESCO “Breaking the Poverty Cycle of Women” project in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan  The purpose of this project is to improve the living conditions of girls, women and their families  As honorary president of her own foundation, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa set up a project called Projet de la Main Tendue after visiting the Bujumbura prison in 2009 in Burundi  The purpose of this project is to liberate minor people from prison and to give them new opportunities for their future 
In October 2016, Maria Teresa accepted an invitation to join the eminent international Council of Patrons of the Asian University for Women (AUW) in Chittagong, Bangladesh  The university, which is the product of east-west foundational partnerships (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Society Foundation, IKEA Foundation, etc ) and regional cooperation, serves extraordinarily talented women from 15 countries across Asia and the Middle East In 2019, Maria Teresa presented her initiative "Stand Speak Rise Up!" to end sexual violence in fragile environments, launched in cooperation with the Women’s Forum and with the support of the Luxembourg government  The conference is in partnership with the Dr  Denis Mukwege Foundation and We Are Not Weapons of War In 2020 the Prime Minister of Luxembourg commissioned a report into the Cour le Grand Ducal following concerns over its working  The report found that up to 1/3 of employees had left since 2015 and that "The most important decisions in the field of personnel management, whether at the level of recruitment, assignment to the various departments or even at the dismissal level are taken by HRH the Grand Duchess ” Several newspaper reports at the time highlighted a 'culture of fear' around the Grand Duchess and "that no-one bar the Prime Minister dared confront her"  The report also raised concerns about the use of public funds to pay for the Grand Duchess' personal website and that this had been prioritised over the Cour's own official website  There were also allegations that staff at the Court has been subject to physical abuse and these reports were investigated by the Luxembourg judicial police 
In February 2023 it was reported by several Luxembourg based media that the Grand Duchess had once again been accused of treating staff poorly during an outfit fitting in October 22  The incident even involved the Prime Minister of Luxembourg having to speak to the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess about the treatment of the staff and commissioning a report into it 

Family
Maria Teresa married Prince Henri of Luxembourg in a civil ceremony on 4 February 1981 and a religious ceremony on 14 February 1981, since Valentine's Day was their favourite holiday  The consent of the Grand Duke had been previously given on 7 November 1980  She received a bouquet of red roses and a sugarcane as a wedding gift from Cuban leader, Fidel Castro  The couple has five children: Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince Félix of Luxembourg, Prince Louis of Luxembourg, Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, and Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg, They were born at Maternity Hospital in Luxembourg City 

Honours
National
Luxembourg:
 Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
 Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau

Foreign
Austria: Grand Star  of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold I
 Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
 Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant
 Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
 France: Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit
 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence
 Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 Japan: Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
 Latvia: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars
 Netherlands:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
 Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav
Portugal-
 Portuguese Royal Family:
Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel
 Portugal:
Grand Cross of the Order of Christ
Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Grand Cross of the Order of Infante Henry
Grand Cross of the Order of Camões
 Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
 Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III
 Sweden:
Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star
Recipient of the 50th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf

Footnotes
External links
 Media related to Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg at Wikimedia Commons
Official website
The Mentor Foundation charity website
Passage 8:
Gertrude of Bavaria
Gertrude of Bavaria (Danish and German: Gertrud; 1152/55–1197) was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI 
Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähringen in either 1152 or 1155  She was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia, in 1166, and became a widow in 1167  In 1171 she was engaged and in February 1177 married to Canute of Denmark in Lund  The couple lived the first years in Skåne  On 12 May 1182, they became king and queen  She did not have any children  During her second marriage, she chose to live in chastity and celibacy with her husband  Arnold of Lübeck remarked of their marriage, that her spouse was: "The most chaste one, living thus his days with his chaste spouse" in eternal chastity 
Passage 9:
Heather D  Gibson
Heather Denise Gibson (Greek: Χέδερ Ντενίζ Γκίμπσον) is a Scottish economist currently serving as Director-Advisor to the Bank of Greece (since 2011)  She was the spouse of Euclid Tsakalotos, former Greek Minister of Finance 

Academic career
Before assuming her duties at the Bank of Greece and alternating child-rearing duties with her husband, Gibson worked at the University of Kent, where she published two volumes on international exchange rate mechanisms and wrote numerous articles on this and other topics, sometimes in cooperation with her husband, who was teaching at Kent at the time 

Personal life
Gibson first came to Greece in 1993, with her husband, with whom she took turns away from their respective economic studies to raise their three children while the other worked The couple maintain two homes in Kifisia, along with an office in Athens and a vacation home in Preveza  In 2013, this proved detrimental to Tsakalotos and his party when his critics began calling him «αριστερός αριστοκράτης» (aristeros aristokratis, "aristocrat of the left"), while newspapers opposed to the Syriza party seized on his property holdings as a chance to accuse the couple of hypocrisy for enjoying a generous lifestyle in private while criticizing the "ethic of austerity" in public  One opposition newspaper published on the front page criticism reasoning that Tsakalotos own family wealth came from the same sort of investments in companies as made by financial institutions JP Morgan and BlackRock 

Works
Editor
Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece

Books
The Eurocurrency Markets, Domestic Financial Policy and International Instability (London, etc , Longman: 1989) ISBN 0312028261
International Finance: Exchange Rates and Financial Flows in the International Financial System (London, etc , Longman: 1996) ISBN 0582218136
Economic Transformation, Democratization and Integration into the European Union (London: Palgrave Macmillan: 2001) ISBN 9780333801222

Articles and papers
"Fundamentally Wrong: Market Pricing of Sovereigns and the Greek Financial Crisis," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol  39(PB), pp  405–419 (with Stephen G  & Tavlas, George S , 2014)
"Capital flows and speculative attacks in prospective EU member states" (with Euclid Tsakalotos, Economics of Transition Volume 12, Issue 3, pages 559–586, September 2004)
"A Unifying Framework for Analysing Offsetting Capital Flows and Sterilisation: Germany and the ERM" (with Sophocles Brissimis & Euclid Tsakalotos, International Journal of Finance & Economics, 2002, vol  7, issue 1, pp  63–78)
"Internal vs External Financing of Acquisitions: Do Managers Squander Retained Profits" (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, Studies in Economics, 1996; Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2000)
"Are Aggregate Consumption Relationships Similar Across the European Union" (with Alan Carruth & Euclid Tsakalotos, Regional Studies, Volume 33, Issue 1, 1999)
Takeover Risk and the Market for Corporate Control: The Experience of British Firms in the 1970s and 1980 (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, 1998) PDF
"The Impact of Acquisitions on Company Performance: Evidence from a Large Panel of UK Firms" (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, Oxford Economic Papers New Series, Vol  49, No  3 (Jul , 1997), pp  344–361)
"Short-Termism and Underinvestment: The Influence of Financial Systems" (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, The Manchester School of Economic & Social Studies, 1995, vol  63, issue 4, pp  351–67)
"Testing a Flow Model of Capital Flight in Five European Countries" (with Euclid Tsakalotos, The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, Volume 61, Issue 2, pp  144–166, June 1993)
Full list of articles by Heather D Gibson  researchgate net  Recovered 7 July 2015
Passage 10:
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (1875–1964)
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (German: Auguste Maria Luise Prinzessin von Bayern; 28 April 1875 – 25 June 1964) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and the spouse of Archduke Joseph August of Austria 

Birth and family
Auguste was born in Munich, Bavaria, the second child of Prince Leopold of Bavaria and his wife, Archduchess Gisela of Austria  She had one older sister, Princess Elisabeth Marie of Bavaria and two younger brothers, Prince Georg of Bavaria and Prince Konrad of Bavaria 

Marriage and issue
She married Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, on 15 November 1893 in Munich  The couple had six children;

Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, born on 28 March 1895; died on 25 September 1957(1957-09-25) (aged 62)
Archduchess Gisela Auguste Anna Maria, born on 5 July 1897; died on 30 March 1901(1901-03-30) (aged 3)
Archduchess Sophie Klementine Elisabeth Klothilde Maria, born on 11 March 1899; died on 19 April 1978(1978-04-19) (aged 79)
Archduke Ladislaus Luitpold, born on 3 January 1901; died on 29 August 1946(1946-08-29) (aged 44)
Archduke Matthias Joseph Albrecht Anton Ignatius, born on 26 June 1904; died on 7 October 1905(1905-10-07) (aged 1)
Archduchess Magdalena Maria Raineria, born on 6 September 1909; died on 11 May 2000(2000-05-11) (aged 90)

Ancestry
World War I
On the outbreak of war with Italy in 1915, Augusta Maria Louise, though in her 40s and the mother of a son serving as an officer, went to the front with the cavalry regiment of which her husband, the Archduke Josef August, a corps commander, was honorary colonel, and served a common soldier, wearing a saber and riding astride, until the end of the war 



ground_truth: Tisch