prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who was born first, Bogdan Țăruș or Robert Wulnikowski?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Tom Dickinson
Thomas or Tom Dickinson may refer to: 

Thomas Dickenson, or Dickinson, merchant and politician of York, England
Thomas R  Dickinson, United States Army general
J  Thomas Dickinson, American physicist and astronomer
Tom Dickinson (cricketer),  Australian-born cricketer in England
Tom Dickinson (American football), American football player
Passage 2:
Robert Wulnikowski
Robert Wulnikowski (born 11 July 1977) is Polish-German former professional football goalkeeper and now goalkeeping coach 

Career
Born in Bydgoszcz, Wulnikowski began with football in his hometown at the Polish club Zawisza Bydgoszcz  In 1990, he entered the youth division of the FC Schalke 04  In 1997, he was promoted to the second team of the club and played in the Oberliga Westfalen  In 1999, he joined the third division team 1  FC Union Berlin  At Union Berlin, Wulnikowski was initially substitute goalkeeper behind Kay Wehner (Saison 1999–2000) and Sven Beuckert (2000–2002)  In 2001, Union was promoted to the 2  Bundesliga without Wulnikowski playing a single league match  In the 2000–01 DFB-Pokal quarter-final against VfL Bochum, Wulnikowski came on after 30 minutes for an injured Beuckert  Union Berlin won that match and succeeded in reaching the final (0–2 against Schalke 04)  After the dismissal of longtime coach Georgi Vasilev in October 2002 and the commitment of coach Mirko Votava, Wulnikowski became first-choice goalkeeper For Union Berlin  By the end of the 2003–04 season, after the club was relegated as next to last in the table again, Wulnikowski had completed a total of 54 second-division games for the club 
Wulnikowski moved then to Rot-Weiss Essen for an unknown transfer fee  At the beginning of the season, Wulnikowski was in the starting squad, but made an error in the first match  From matchday three on, coach Jürgen Gelsdorf replaced him with René Renno  At the end of the season, Rot-Weiss Essen was relegated and the contract with the goalkeeper cancelled 
In 2005, Wulnikowski subsequently joined VfR Aalen in the Regionalliga Süd  He completed two seasons as first-choice goalkeeper there  In April 2007, Wulnikowski announce his move to league rivals Sportfreunde Siegen  During the 2007–08 season, he was first-choice goalkeeper for Siegen 
At the beginning of the 2008–09 season, he moved to the third division club Kickers Offenbach  In the 2009–10 winter break, he extended his contract for another three years until the end of the 2012–13 season 
On 27 October 2010, he became nationwide famous for his fantastic match in the 2010–11 DFB-Pokal against Borussia Dortmund, in which he saved two penalties and single-handedly destroyed Dortmund's several other good goal chances  Offenbach won the match 4–2 after Penalty shootout and moved on to round three  He left Offenbach at the end of the 2012–13 season, after they were relegated from the 3  Liga  After six months without a club, he signed for RB Leipzig II for half a season, before joining Würzburger Kickers in July 2014  In June 2017, Wulnikowski ended his professional career and became goalkeeping coach for Würzburger Kickers 
Passage 3:
Greg A  Hill (artist)
Greg A  Hill is a Canadian-born First Nations artist and curator  He is 
Kanyen'kehà:ka Mohawk, from Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario 

Early life
Hill was born and raised in Fort Erie, Ontario 

Art career
His work as a multidisciplinary artist focuses primarily on installation, performance and digital imaging and explores issues of his Mohawk and French-Canadian identity through the prism of colonialism, nationalism and concepts of place and community Hill has been exhibiting his work since 1989, with solo exhibitions and performance works across Canada as well as group exhibitions in North America and abroad  His work can be found in the collections of the Canada Council, the Indian Art Centre, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the Canadian Native Arts Foundation (now Indspire), the Woodland Cultural Center, the City of Ottawa, the Ottawa Art Gallery and the International Museum of Electrography 

Curatorial career
Hill serves as the Audain Senior Curator of Indigenous Art at the National Gallery of Canada 

Awards and honours
In 2018, Hill received the Indspire Award for Arts 
Passage 4:
John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)
John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957 

Surrey cricketer
McMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29  In the first innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs In his first full season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in the space of 6 3 overs for seven runs  This would remain the best bowling performance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later  In the following game, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth  In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28 07  As a tail-end left-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4 22 The emergence of Tony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career  Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets  In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times  In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's County Championship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12 38 runs apiece, while McMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21 53  At the end of the 1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of the County Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries 

Somerset cricketer
Somerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with support from the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service  McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement of Horace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed to realise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly 
McMahon instantly became a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, not missing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957, after which he did not play in the Championship again In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellow newcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spin bowlers, McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the rest of the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their own batsmen," it said  McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27 47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higher average)  His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the first innings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of his career  He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of the table 
The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28 77 apiece  There was a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the batting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9 03  This included his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome  A week later in Somerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46 runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clever variation of flight and spin"  These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955 season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourth season running At the end of the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956 season, with Langford returning from National Service as the main support  McMahon responded with his most successful season so far, taking 103 wickets at an average of 25 57, the only season in his career in which he exceeded 100 wickets  The bowling average improved still further in 1957 to 23 10 when McMahon took 86 wickets  But his season came to an abrupt end in mid-August 1957 when, after 108 consecutive Championship matches, he was dropped from the first team during the Weston-super-Mare festival  Though he played some games for the second eleven later in August, he regained his place in the first team for only a single end-of-season friendly match, and he was told that his services were not required for the future, a decision, said Wisden, that "proved highly controversial" 

Sacked by Somerset
The reason behind McMahon's sacking did not become public knowledge for many years  In its obituary of him in 2002, McMahon was described by Wisden as "a man who embraced the antipodean virtues of candour and conviviality"  It went on: "Legend tells of a night at the Flying Horse Inn in Nottingham when he beheaded the gladioli with an ornamental sword, crying: 'When Mac drinks, everybody drinks!'" The obituary recounts a further escapade in second eleven match at Midsomer Norton where a curfew imposed on the team was circumvented by "a POW-type loop" organised by McMahon, "with his team-mates escaping through a ground-storey window and then presenting themselves again"  As the only Somerset second eleven match that McMahon played in at Midsomer Norton was right at the end of the 1957 season, this may have been the final straw  But in any case there had been "an embarrassing episode at Swansea's Grand Hotel" earlier in the season, also involving Jim Hilton, who was also dismissed at the end of the season  Team-mates and club members petitioned for McMahon to be reinstated, but the county club was not to be moved 
After a period in Lancashire League cricket with Milnrow Cricket Club, McMahon moved back to London where he did office work, later contributing some articles to cricket magazines 


== Notes and references ==
Passage 5:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 6:
Bogdan Țăruș
Gabriel Bogdan Țăruș (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡabriˈel boɡˈdan t͡səˈruʃ]; born 1 August 1975 in Piatra Neamț, Neamț) is a former Romanian athlete who competed in long jump  He has, success in World Championships  His personal best is 8 29 metres, achieved in 1996  He retired in the summer of 2006 

Competition record
External links
Bogdan Tarus at World Athletics
Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill;  et al  "Bogdan Țăruș"  Olympics at Sports-Reference com  Sports Reference LLC  Archived from the original on 2011-09-15 
Passage 7:
Henry Moore (cricketer)
Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand 

Life and family
Henry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849  He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch  One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted  Their great 
grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805  One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch  He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son  In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 
Passage 8:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 
Passage 9:
Robert McGowan Coventry
Robert McGowan Coventry or Robert McGown Coventry  (1855–1914) was a Scottish painter born in Glasgow 

Biography
Coventry studied at the Glasgow School of Art under Robert Greenlees and in Paris  Although he traveled much to the continent and the Middle East, many of his paintings depict quayside and highland scenes from eastern Scotland  He used the signature "R M G COVENTRY"  His daughter, Gertrude Mary was also an artist, known for her portrait paintings In 1889 Coventry became a member of the Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour and in 1906 he was elected an associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, RSA  He exhibited his marine and landscape paintings mainly at the RSA 
Passage 10:
Wesley Barresi
Wesley Barresi (born 3 May 1984) is a South African born first-class and Netherlands international cricketer  He is a right-handed wicket keeper-batsman and also bowls right-arm offbreak  In February 2021, Barresi announced his retirement from all forms of cricket, but returned to the national team in August 2022 

Career
Wesley became the 100th victim to Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh, when he was dismissed in the 2011 World Cup game against India In July 2018, he was named in the Netherlands' One Day International (ODI) squad, for their series against Nepal  Ahead of the ODI matches, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player for the Netherlands In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Amsterdam Knights in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament  However, the following month, the tournament was cancelled 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Puka Rumi
Puka Rumi (Quechua puka red, rumi stone, "red stone", Hispanicized spelling Pucarumi) is a 5,000-metre-high (16,404 ft) mountain in the northern part of the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru  It is situated in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Acobambilla District, and in the Junín Region, Huancayo Province, Chongos Alto District  Puka Rumi lies southeast of Ñawinqucha 
Passage 2:
Yana Urqu (Q'umirqucha)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", Hispanicized spelling Yanaorjo) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high  It is situated in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District  It lies southwest of Wanakuni and west of a little lake named Q'umirqucha 
Passage 3:
Yana Urqu (Mizque)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", also spelled Yana Orkho) is a 3,572-metre-high (11,719 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes  It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Mizque Province, Mizque Municipality  The Yana Urqu Mayu ("black mountain river") originates northwest of the mountain  Its waters flow to the Mizque River 
Passage 4:
Yana Urqu (Yayamari)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", Hispanicized spelling Yanaorjo) is a mountain in the Willkanuta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high  It is situated in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District  Yana Urqu lies southwest of the mountain Q'illu Wallayuq and northeast of Yayamari 
Passage 5:
Yana Urqu (Lima)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", also spelled Yana Orco) is mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately  4,800 metres (15,748 ft)  It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province,  Laraos District  Yana Urqu lies northwest of Uchku and a lake named Pumaqucha
Context 3: Passage 1:
Clara Law
Clara Law Cheuk-yiu (traditional Chinese: 羅卓瑤; simplified Chinese: 罗卓瑶; pinyin: Luó Zhuóyáo; Jyutping: lo4 coek3 jiu4, born 29 May 1957 in Macau) is a Hong Kong Second Wave film director who currently resides in Australia 

Early life
Clara Law was born on 29 May 1957 in Macau  At the age of 10 she moved to Hong Kong  Law studied at the University of Hong Kong and graduated with a degree in English Literature  In 1978 she joined Radio Television Hong Kong as an assistant producer and director  During her time there she tried many aspects of television from screenwriting to directing  Between 1978 and 1981 she directed twelve drama programs for the television channel  In 1982 she began studying film direction and writing at the National Film and Television School in England  She won the Silver Plaque Award at the Chicago Film Festival in 1985 for her graduation film They Say the Moon is Fuller Here 

Career
1985–1994
In 1985 she returned to Hong Kong and began development on her first long feature film The Other Half and the Other Half, which was released in 1988  Since her return to Hong Kong she has worked with Eddie Fong on all of her projects  In 1989 she created her second film The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus  The film was screened at the Toronto Film Festival and was released commercially in the US  A year later she created Farewell China  It won the Special Jury Award at the Torino Film Festival  She was also nominated for best director at the Hong Kong Film Awards for the film  She directed Fruit Punch in 1991, which was a commercial film produced by a large Hong Kong film studio  In 1992 she directed and produced Autumn Moon  The film was a hit in the film festival circuit  It won the Golden Leopard Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 1992, as well as the European Art Theatres Association Best Picture Award and the Youth Special Jury Award in Switzerland and the Best Screenplay in Valencia (1994)  It was also awarded at the Belgium and Portugal film festivals  Autumn Moon was selected for official screenings at the New York Film Festival as well as in Sundance, Toronto, London, Rotterdam, Gothenburg, Thessaloniki, Nantes, San Francisco, Créteil, Dublin, Puerto Rico, Seattle, Jerusalem, New Delhi, Wellington, Midnight Sun Finland, Rio de Janeiro, Reykjavik, Ghent, Munich, Ankara, Sydney and Melbourne  In 1993 she released Temptation of a Monk  The film is an adaptation of a novella by Lillian Lee  The film was shot entirely on location in the north and northwestern part of China  The film was selected for competition at the Venice Film Festival in 1993  It won the Grand Prix at the Créteil International Film Festival in France (1994)  The film was also selected for official screenings at the Toronto, Sundance, Rotterdam and Brisbane film festivals, and as the closing film at the L A  Film Festival  In 1994, Law finished a segment of the movie Erotique called Wonton Soup  Later that year she and Eddie Fong moved to Australia 

1994 – present
She moved to Australia with Eddie Fong in 1994  The pair's first film after their move to Australia is Floating Life, which was completed in 1996  It won the Silver Leopard Award at the Locarno Film Festival in 1996, and two other awards including Best Film, it was selected by Prix FICC and the "Ambiente salute: Qualita di vita" award  It also won the Best Film and Best Director Awards at the Gijon International Film Festival in Spain, and the Grand Prix at the Créteil International Film Festival in France  It was nominated for three awards at the Australian Film Institute Awards including Best Director and Best Screenplay, and it received nine nominations at the Golden Horse International Film Festival in Taiwan, including the awards for Best Film, Best Director and Best Screenplay  Floating Life was also Australia's official entry in the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 69th Academy Awards (1997)  The film was also screened at the Sydney, Melbourne, London, Rotterdam, Hof, Stockholm, Toronto and Hawaii film festivals  The Goddess of 1967, shot on location in the outback of Australia and Tokyo, was completed in 2000  It was in competition at the Venice film festival in 2000 where Rose Byrne won the Best Actress Award  What's more, Clara Law was nominated for the Golden Lion in Venice  The film also pocketed the Best Director Award at the Chicago International Film Festival, the Best Director Award at the Teplice Art Film Festival in Slovakia and the FIPRESCI Critics' Award for Best Film at the Tromsø Film Festival in Norway  The film was also selected for official screenings at the Toronto, London, Pusan, Hof, Vancouver, Hawaii, Taipei, Rotterdam, Jerusalem, Karlovy Vary and Oslo film festivals  She directed her first digital documentary in 2004 called Letters to Ali with Eddie Fong who co-produced, edited, and shot the film  The film was selected for competition at the Venice Film Festival and for official screenings at the Toronto, Pusan, Gothenburg and Melbourne film festivals  She completed Like a Dream in 2009  This film marked her return to Asia  The film was nominated in nine categories at the 2009 Golden Horse Awards  It also opened the 2010 Hong Kong International Film Festival  In 2010, Law made a short film, Red Earth, commissioned by the Hong Kong International Film Festival  The short was selected in the Horizon category at the 2010 Venice film festival Law's films explore themes surrounding migration and exile, including loyalty, family, love, and nostalgia  She has used a variety of visual and narrative styles throughout her oeuvre to interrogate cultural dislocation and its effect on individuals and communities 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
See also
List of graduates of University of Hong Kong
Passage 2:
I'll Get By (film)
I'll Get By is a 1950 American comedy musical film directed by Richard Sale, and starring June Haver, Gloria DeHaven and William Lundigan 
This story follows themes explored in 1940's Tin Pan Alley, with updated characters and music  The plot revolves around songwriters and their struggles in the music industry 

Plot
Song plugger Bill Spencer runs into Liza Martin, literally  He slams a door into her accidentally while rushing to bring a new recording to Peter Pepper, an influential New York disc jockey  The record breaks 
After he is fired, Bill opens his own music publishing business  He hires a secretary, Miss Murphy, and gains a partner in Freddy Lee, a young man from Texas, with whom he peddles a song that piano player Chester Dooley has written  They hear the singer Terry Martin is performing with trumpeter Harry James at a club, so they go there to pitch the song to her  Terry's sister is also in the act; she is Liza, the girl Bill once awkwardly met 
Freddy annoys Terry but the girls like the song, "I'll Get By," and agree to record it  Before long, it and they become huge successes  But, before a benefit in Hollywood, when the actress Jeanne Crain asks to perform the song, Bill says no because he promised it to Liza, but behind his back, Freddy agrees to let the actress have it  A furious Liza leaves Bill and refuses to listen to his attempts to explain 
The boys are drafted into the Marines, and when they report to a San Diego base, they run into Miss Murphy, who is now stationed there as an officer  After the boys ship out for duty, Miss Murphy goes out of her way to explain to Liza and Terry what happened with the song  The girls go on a USO show tour to the South Pacific where the guys have been sent, and all are reunited 

Cast
June Haver as Liza Martin
William Lundigan as William Spencer
Gloria DeHaven as Terry Martin
Dennis Day as Freddy Lee
Thelma Ritter as Miss Murphy
Harry James as Harry James (himself)
Jeanne Crain as Jeanne Crain (herself)
Steve Allen as Peter Pepper
Harry Antrim as Mr  Olinville
Danny Davenport as Chester Dooley
Dan Dailey as Pvt  Dan Dailey (himself)

Awards
Lionel Newman received a nomination for the 1951 Academy Award in the category of Best Music, Scoring for this film 
Passage 3:
The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus
The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (Chinese: 潘金蓮之前世今生) is a 1989 Hong Kong film directed by Clara Law and produced by Teddy Robin, and written by Lilian Lee  The film stars Joey Wong, Eric Tsang, Wilson Lam, Pal Sinn, and Ku Feng  The film premiered in Taiwan on 4 August 1989 

Plot
During Song Dynasty, Pan Jinlian was beheaded by the warder, she is reborn into the body of a baby girl named Shan Yulian, in Shanghai, after the Chinese Communist Revolution 
The war orphaned Shan Yulian at an early age  She graduated from Shanghai Arts School, majoring in Ballet 
In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution, Shan Yulian was brought to be persecuted and suffered political persecution by the CPC Government, she was raped by the President of Shanghai Dance Troupe  During the Down to the Countryside Movement, Shan Yulian was sent to the May Seventh Cadre Schools to work, she married a stupid farmer Wu Da, but she falls in love with Wu Da's brother, Wu Long, at the same time, Simon, who is a local playboy start to pursue her, and she falls into a love triangle with Wu Long and Simon 

Cast
Joey Wong as Pan Jinlian/ Shan Yulian
Eric Tsang as Wu Da
Wilson Lam as Wu Long
Pal Sinn as Simon
Ku Feng

Release
The film was first released in Taiwan on 4 August 1989, and it was given a wider release on 16 February 1990 
The film was screened at the Toronto Festival of Festivals 
The film grossed $8,160,911 00 million 

Award
Passage 4:
9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu
The 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (January 6, 1933 – March 1, 2012) was the 9th reincarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the third highest lama in the Tibetan Buddhism hierarchy and the spiritual leader of the Gelug lineage among the Khalkha Mongols  Although recognized as the reincarnation of the Bogd Khan in 1936, his identity was kept a secret by the Dalai Lama until 1990, due to the persecution of the Buddhist religion by the Communist Mongolian People's Republic, and he did not reside in Mongolia until the final year of his life 

Biography
He was born as Jampal Namdol Chökyi Gyaltsen on the tenth day of the eleventh month of Water Monkey year (6 January 1933) near the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet  Six months after his birth, his parents separated and his mother left him in the care of his uncle who was a bodyguard of the thirteenth Dalai Lama  The thirteenth Dalai Lama died in December 1933, and Reting Rinpoche became Regent of Tibet until a new Dalai Lama was discovered and crowned  In 1936, because of the inability of the Mongolian lamas to proclaim the discovery of the ninth Khutughtu, Reting Rinpoche recognised Jampal Namdol Chökyi Gyaltsen, then aged four, as the reincarnation of the Jetsundamba Khutughtu, after the boy passed three sets of tests  Due to the complex political situation, his existence was kept a secret  At the age of seven, he entered the Drepung Monastery, but because his identity was kept secret, he could not enter the Khalkha Mitsen, but had to follow the life of a common monk  At age 25, he renounced his monastic vows and became a householder, took a wife and had two children  When the fourteenth Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet in 1959, Jampal Namdol did also, fearing that his identity would be revealed and he would be killed or used by the Communists for propaganda 

In exile in India, he worked at various jobs, including in the Tibetan language section of All India Radio, and at Tibet House in New Delhi  His first wife died, and he remarried  In 1975, his family (now including seven children) moved to Karnataka  In 1984, Jampal Namdol visited Lhasa, and in 1990 the Dalai Lama issued a statement revealing the identity of the ninth Khutughtu  In 1991 the Dalai Lama performed an installation ceremony in Madhya Pradesh and in 1992 an enthronement ceremony in Dharmshala for the ninth Jebtsundamba Khutughtu  In July 1999, while visiting Mongolia on a tourist visa, Jampal Namdol took part in an enthronement ceremony at the Gandantegchinlen Khiid Monastery in Ulaanbaatar  He continued to live in exile in India  Now he was considered the leader of Mongolian Buddhists  In 2010 he came to Mongolia at the invitation of the Gandantegchinlin monastery and received Mongolian citizenship, but returned to Dharamshala afterwards  Then he returned to Mongolia  In November 2011 he was enthroned as the head of Buddhists of Mongolia The 14th Dalai Lama appointed the 9th Jebtsundamba to develop the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism Rinpoche died on March 1, 2012, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a prolonged illness On November 23, 2016, during a visit to Mongolia, the Dalai Lama announced his belief that the 10th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu had been reborn in Mongolia and that a process for identifying him had begun  He was found and was anointed on 8 March 2023 by Dalai Lama in India 

See also
Mongolians in India
Passage 5:
Richard Sale (director)
Richard Sale, (December 17, 1911 in New York – March 4, 1993 in Los Angeles) was an American screenwriter, pulp writer, and film director 

Career
Born in New York City, Sale was educated at Washington and Lee University Sale started his career writing as a freelance writer for pulps in the Thirties, appearing regularly in Detective Fiction Weekly (with the Daffy Dill series ), Argosy, Double Detective, and a number of other magazines  In the Forties, he graduated to slick publications like The Country Gentleman and The Saturday Evening Post  In the 1930s, Sale was one of the highest-paid pulp writers   In the mid-Forties to mid-Fifties, he made a career change from writing magazine fiction to screenplays  He became a writer for Paramount pictures, a writer-director for Republic Pictures, 20th Century-Fox, British Lion, United Artists, and Columbia pictures  He also became a television writer, director, and producer for Columbia Broadcasting System Sale's 1936 novel Not Too Narrow, Not Too Deep was filmed as Strange Cargo (1940) starring Joan Crawford and Clark Gable 
He directed several films, including A Ticket to Tomahawk (1950), Meet Me After the Show (1951) with Betty Grable, Let's Make It Legal (1951) featuring one of Marilyn Monroe's earliest film appearances, Malaga (1954), and Gentlemen Marry Brunettes (1955) with Jane Russell  He also wrote many screenplays, Suddenly (1954), The French Line (1954) and  Gentlemen Marry Brunettes, both with Mary Loos, his wife at the time, The Oscar (1966), The White Buffalo (1977) and Assassination (1987)  Alongside his work for many production companies, Sale wrote over 400 short stories Together with Mary Loos, he created the Western television series Yancy Derringer which ran for one season in 1958–59 
Sale died in 1993 after complications from two strokes 

Selected screenplay filmography
As director
Some of these additional movies were found in the Los Angeles Times 
Passage 6:
Max Ehrlich (writer)
Max Simon Ehrlich (October 10, 1909 – February 11, 1983) was an American writer  He is best known for the novel The Reincarnation of Peter Proud and the movie of the same name 

Biography
Early life and education
Max Simon Ehrlich was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on October 10, 1909 to Simon and Sarah Ehrlich  He received a B A  degree from the University of Michigan in 1933 

Career
Ehrlich began his career in newspapers, working as a correspondent for the Albany, New York Knickerbocker Press and Evening News during his college years, then after graduating as a feature writer for the Springfield, Massachusetts Republican  From there he turned to radio, working as the chief writer of the script division of WSPR in 1938 and 1939, in the script division of the American Jewish Committee from 1939 to 1941, and from 1941 to 1945 he was the assistant script director of the radio division of the American Red Cross After 1945, Ehrlich was a novelist, playwright, radio and TV dramatist, and author of adaptations for radio, television, and feature films  He wrote radio scripts for series including The Big Story, The Shadow, Big Town, Mr  and Mrs  North, and Murder at Midnight  His television work included scripts for the series Barney Blake, The Big Story, The Defenders, The Nurses, The United States Steel Hour, and Star Trek (episode "The Apple")  Three of his feature film scripts (listed below) were adaptations of his own novels 

Marriage and children
Ehrlich married and had two daughters  One daughter, Amy Ehrlich, is a writer of books for children 

Death
Ehrlich died on February 11, 1983 

Published books
The Big Eye (Doubleday, 1949)
Spin the Glass Web (Harper & Brothers, 1952)
First Train to Babylon (Harper, 1955)
The Takers (Harper, 1961)
Deep is the Blue (Doubleday, 1964)
The High Side (Fawcett Publications, 1970)
The Edict (Doubleday, 1971)
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud (Bobbs-Merrill, 1974)
The Savage is Loose (Bantam Books, 1974)
The Cult (Simon & Schuster, 1978)
Reincarnation in Venice (Simon & Schuster, 1979)
Naked Beach (Granada, 1979)
The Big Boys (Houghton Mifflin, 1981)
Shaitan (Arbor House, 1981)

Filmography
Films
Television
Awards
1944: Writers' War Board Award
1963: Huntington Hartford Foundation Fellowship
Passage 7:
Pal Sinn
Pal Sinn Lap-man (born 17 March 1959) is a Hong Kong musician, singer and actor Sinn is noted for his roles as Sai-Mun Hing in The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus, for which he received Hong Kong Film Award nomination for Best New Performer 

Life
Early life
Sinn was born and raised in Hong Kong, where he attended the Lung Cheung Government Technical Secondary School in the early 1970s 

Career
At 16, Sinn began his career as a singer at a bar on Lockhart Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong In 1986, Sinn joined Chyna, a heavy metal rock band founded by Donald Ashley   After the band was disbanded, then he founded the Blue Jeans with Su Dehua, but Blue Jeans was disbanded in 1990 He had his first experience in front of the camera in 1986, and he was chosen to act as a support actor in Jeffrey Lau's Operation Pink Squad, an action film starring Sandra Ng, Guan Xiumei, Ann Bridgewater, Elsie Chan, and Charlie Cho 
For his role as Sai-Mun Hing in The Reincarnation of Golden Lotus (1989), Sinn was nominated for the Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer  That same year, he participated in Tai Kit Mak's All Night Long, a story film starring Carol Cheng, Shui-Fan Fung, Elizabeth Lee, Elsie Chan, Crystal Kwok, and Wu Ma  Then he appeared as a fast food restaurant staff in Clarence Fok's The Iceman Cometh, the film stars Yuen Biao, Yuen Wah, and Maggie Cheung 
He co-starred with Michelle Monique Reis, Natalis Chan and Iwanbeo Leung in Yuen Cheung-Yan's Coup De Grace (1990)  Sinn also filmed in Love Is Love, alongside Stephen Chow, Suki Kwan, Sandra Ng, and Sing Fui On 
In 1991, Sinn played Hussein, who is a gambler, in Wong Jing's God of Gamblers II, an action film starring Andy Lau, Stephen Chow, and Ng Man Tat  That same year, he starred as Sai-Mun Hing in The Golden Lotus 'Love and Desire', based on the novel The Golden Lotus by Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng 
In 1992, Sinn portrayed Gao Ya'nei, the son of Grand Marshal Gao Qiu, in All Men Are Brothers – Blood of the Leopard, adapted from Shi Nai'an's classical novel The Water Margin  The film also stars Tony Leung, Joey Wang, and Elvis Tsui 
In 1993, Sinn had a minor role as Da Jiaoban in Wong Jing's City Hunter, which starred Jackie Chan, Chingmy Yau, Joey Wang, and Richard Norton 
In 1994, Sinn starred in a historical film called Fire Dragon with Brigitte Lin, Max Mok, and Sandra Ng, directed by Yuen Woo-ping  He played the lead role in Whatever You Want, opposite Jordan Chan, Anita Yuen, and Law Kar-ying 
In 1995, Sinn appeared as Julian in Detective Investigation Files II, he also participated in its sequel Detective Investigation Files IV (1999) 
In 2007, Sinn was cast in Ho-Cheung Pang's Exodus, a suspense film starring Simon Yam, Irene Wan, and Nick Cheung 
Sinn had a cameo appearance in Dream Home (2010), which starred Eason Chan as Zheng Lichang's lover (played by Josie Ho) 
In 2011, Sinn acted in the romantic comedy film Lan Kwai Fong 
In 2012, Sinn had a supporting role in The Silent War, a film adaptation based on the novel Plot by Mai Jia 

Personal life
In the 1980s, Sinn fell in love with Anita Mui Sinn began dating Paisley Wu in 1996, and they married in 2008 

Instruments
Pal Sinn has played a number of basses in his music career, such Tune, Fodera and Bacchus 

Filmography
Film
Television
Discography
Albums
Awards
Passage 8:
Escape Route (film)
Escape Route is a 1952 British black-and-white thriller film, directed by Seymour Friedman and Peter Graham Scott, and starring George Raft, Sally Gray and Clifford Evans The film was known in the US as I'll Get You (not to be confused with an earlier Raft film, I'll Get You for This) The film is largely filmed in the streets of London 

Plot
An American, Steve Rossi, enters Britain by slipping past immigration at Heathrow Airport, leading to a national manhunt by the police led by Scotland Yard 
Rossi heads into London where he tracks down Bailey, a barman in a cocktail bar, and asks him about Michael Grand  The barman passes him a note with an address which leads him to a woman, who says she does not know Grand  She agrees to change his US currency and buy him a coat while he waits in her flat  For money, she gives him another address: Kingston House, a swanky block of flats on Kingston Road  He takes a taxi there 
Their he meets Joan Miller who says yes it is Grand's flat but she is his secretary and he is not there  She claims that Grand is not going to return, but calls Grand who agrees to meet  Rossi wants to stay put in Grand's flat but Joan pulls a gun on him and together they drive to an old terraced house where Rossi meets Wilkes who starts quizzing Rossi 
Rossi says that Grand offered him a job, working on aircraft design  Joan is asked to accommodate Rossi in her own flat 
Meanwhile the police post Rossi's picture in all the newspapers and quiz various underworld figures to try to locate him  The taxi driver recognises the picture 
Joan Miller is revealed to be an MI5 agent  Rossi reveals himself to be an FBI agent posing as a nuclear scientist in an attempt to infiltrate a gang kidnapping western scientists and taking them across the Iron Curtain  Grand has recently arranged the kidnap of an American  With MI5's assistance, Rossi monitors Grand and arranges a meeting with him  Growing increasingly suspicious of Rossi, Grand and his organisation make several attempts to kill him 
Rossi and Joan follow Irma Brookes, Grand's female assistant in an attempt to find him  Irma Brookes and a body with some of Grand's ID is found in a burned out car 
Rossi is caught and taken to Hammersmith Police Station  It is explained that Rossi wanted to get into the papers so that Grand would be aware of his presence 
Rossi cannot identify the body in the mortuary as Grand as he is unsure of his appearance 
The viewer finally sees Grand when Max, another taxi driver, informs him of what he has seen both at the burning car and near the mortuary 
Rossi dons a naval uniform and tails Grand on foot through empty streets in the city, leaving a chalk trail of markers for Joan to follow  Grand goes to the River Thames where the low tide allows him to walk along the edge  They end at the Old Swan Pier near London Bridge  Grand pulls a gun and a scuffle begins  Grand escapes to a rooftop of a grain elevator close to The Monument  They end up fighting on an external freight lift heading back to the ground  Rossi wins and the police arrive 

Cast
George Raft as Steve Rossi
Sally Gray as Joan Miller
Clifford Evans as Michael Grand
Frederick Piper as Inspector Reid
Reginald Tate as Colonel Wilkes
Patricia Laffan as Irma Brookes
June Ashley as Beauty Shop Attendant
John Warwick as Security Chief Brice
Roddy Hughes as Porter
Grace Arnold as Neighbour
Cyril Chamberlain as Bailey
Howard Douglas as Taxi Driver
Arthur Lovegrove as Phillips
Anthony Pendrell as Rees
Norman Pierce as Inspector Hobbs
Harry Towb as Immigration Officer

Production
It was made at Walton Studios and on location around London, mostly in the City of London, at a time when there was still much bomb damage from the Second World War  American actress Coleen Gray was reported to have been cast opposite Raft, but the role was eventually played by the English star Sally Gray  It was one of several films made by British companies in connection with the low-budget American outfit Lippert Pictures, which distributed the film in the United States  It was made on a larger budget than most Lippert releases 

Reception
The Los Angeles Times said the film was "so mysterious" the filmmakers "almost succeeded in keeping the story to themselves "
Passage 9:
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud is a 1975 American psychological horror film directed by J  Lee Thompson, and starring Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder, and Jennifer O'Neill  It follows a university professor who, after experiencing a series of bizarre nightmares, comes to believe he is the reincarnation of someone else  It is based on the 1973 novel of the same title by Max Ehrlich, who adapted the screenplay 

Plot
Peter Proud, a college professor in Los Angeles, begins having recurring dreams he cannot explain  In one particular nightmare, Peter witnesses the murder of a young man by his girlfriend, Marcia, while he swims naked in a lake near a hotel  As he screams his final words, "Marcia, don't!," she bludgeons him with an oar, and he drowns  In subsequent dreams, Peter witnesses brief vignettes from the man's life, including romances with two different women, and has visions of houses and landmarks that are unknown to him 
Peter is haunted by his dreams and seeks medical treatment  He attends a sleep laboratory to try to decipher his dreams  However, the resident doctor, Sam Goodman, informs him that his dreams do not register as being dreams; in fact, they do not register at all  One evening while watching television, several of Peter's visions play out before him on a local documentary film titled The Changing Face of America  He sees an arch and church in the documentary that have figured prominently in his dreams, and calls the television station to discover the location  Upon learning that the location of his "visions" is in Massachusetts, Proud and his girlfriend Nora travel there 
In Massachusetts, the couple drive from town to town, but are unsuccessful until they arrive in Springfield  It is here that Proud begins to see familiar sights from his visions, such as a bridge, a church, the Puritan statue, and others  Nora decides to return to California, tired of Peter's relentless searching, which she dismisses as delusion  After Nora leaves, Peter continues his journey  Eventually, Peter locates Marcia, the mystery woman from his nightmares, now a middle-aged alcoholic  Peter subsequently befriends Marcia's daughter Ann at a local country club where Marcia's husband Jeff was once a tennis pro; Ann has recently returned home to care for her emotionally unstable mother  Through his research, Peter uncovers that Jeff was found drowned in Crystal Lake in 1946 under mysterious circumstances 
Marcia is suspicious of Peter and curious about his motives, specifically how much he seems to know about her life  Ann and Peter quickly develop a romance, much to the disapproval of Marcia, who responds by increasingly drinking and taking prescription drugs  Peter initially has some hesitation toward pursuing a relationship with Ann after considering that she may have been his daughter in a previous life, but he ultimately chooses to continue the romance  Ann tells Peter her father proposed to Marcia in the same area where they just made love 
One afternoon, Marcia accompanies Peter and Ann to the country club, where they lounge at the poolside  While Ann goes for a swim, Marcia witnesses a sleeping Peter repeating the phrase "Marcia, don't!" in Jeff's voice  This horrifies her, and she flees home where she locks herself in her bedroom  Later, she masturbates to the memory of Jeff raping her after she confronted him about an affair he had while she was pregnant with Ann  The following day, Marcia confronts Peter, demanding to know his true identity  The two get into a heated argument, during which he confirms that he is a reincarnation of her deceased husband 
Meanwhile, Peter realizes that by having re-enacted or visited the sites of his visions, they seem to have ceased haunting him  The lake vision of Jeff's murder is his last to be conquered  Drawn to the lake where Jeff died years prior, Peter enters the water, hoping to unfetter himself from the vision  While in the water, Marcia approaches him in the same boat she did Jeff years ago, now brandishing a pistol  Addressing Peter as Jeff, Marcia asks why he has returned to torment her, and accuses him of incest with Ann  When Peter tries to climb into the boat, Marcia shoots him to death  She watches as his body sinks to the bottom of the lake 

Cast
Production
Film rights to the novel were sold to Bing Crosby Productions before the novel had been published  In April 1974 it was announced the film would star Michael Sarrazin, Margot Kidder and Jennifer O'Neill, and be directed by J  Lee Thompson  The novel came out in October - the Los Angeles Times called it "riveting" Principal photography began on 24 April 1974 in Los Angeles and Massachusetts 

Release
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud premiered in New York City on April 25, 1975, and subsequently opened in Los Angeles on May 2 

Critical response
The Reincarnation of Peter Proud received a mixed response from critics upon its release  Steven H  Scheuer labelled the film as a "clunky yarn"  Mick Martin and Marsha Porter awarded the film their "turkey" rating and criticized it for its "turgid direction" and "contrived plot"  Leslie Halliwell also panned the film as a "hysterical psychic melodrama which pretty well ruins its own chances by failing to explain its plot"  The Philadelphia Inquirer's Desmond Ryan dismissed the film as "an obtuse essay into the much trampled world of the occult, and it is aptly named since it seems to take several lifetimes to trudge through the film from its modest beginnings to its silly conclusion "Some critics were more generous  Leonard Maltin wrote that the film was "moderately gripping"  A H  Weiler, like Halliwell, was unconvinced by the film's plot, but lauded it for its "polished [filmic] treatment" and Thompson's "properly moody [directorial] style" In a retrospective review, Michael Barrett of PopMatters praised the film's cinematography and editing, which he notes provides "a sense of propulsion to what, in other hands, might be a stagnantly paced story; either sound or image are continually pulling at us, like fate     There's something about The Reincarnation of Peter Proud that keeps it lodged in the memory like a nasty splinter "

Home media
In 2018, Kino Lorber released The Reincarnation of Peter Proud in a special edition Blu-ray featuring a new 4K restoration of the original film elements 

Proposed remake
On November 9, 2009, it was announced that Andrew Kevin Walker and David Fincher (the writer and director, respectively, of Seven) would work on the remake, with Paramount Pictures and Columbia Pictures financing the project  Filming and theatrical release of the remake were planned for 2016, but as of 2018, the project was listed as "in development" New reports of a planned remake emerged in 2021, with development and production now handed over to David Goyer of Phantom Four Films in collaboration with Village Roadshow, and with Sean Durkin serving as writer and director 

See also
List of American films of 1975
Karz, 1980 Indian film which serves as a partial remake
Passage 10:
Unmistaken Child
Unmistaken Child is a 2008 independent documentary film, which follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, a world-renowned lama  It was directed by Nati Baratz 

Plot
The documentary follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, the world-renowned lama (master teacher) Geshe Lama Konchog  The filming, which began in October 2001, spans a time frame of five and a half years  It follows the deceased lama's closest disciple – a modest young monk named Tenzin Zopa, who speaks English well – as he seeks to find the child who is his master's reincarnation 
Because Tenzin is only a humble monk, he questions his ability to accurately find and recognize the reincarnation of an enlightened master  He is daunted by the difficulty of the task, for which he alone seems responsible 
Following a combination of prayer, intuition, and various forms of divination, Tenzin travels to the tiny villages of the remote Tsum Valley on the Nepal–Tibet border, and checks many families and many children  He seeks to find a young boy of the right age who responds emotionally to one of his former master's possessions  Still, many questions would remain, and many tests and trials must be met before the existence of a tulku – a reincarnated Tibetan master – could be confirmed  And even beyond the question of the confirmation of a reincarnation is the emotional toll involved in removing a small child from his loving parents and familiar village 

Inception
The film was created, directed, and written by Israeli filmmaker Nati Baratz  He and his wife had attended a lecture given by Tenzin Zopa, who at the end asked everyone to pray for the location of the reincarnation of Geshe Lama Konchog, his recently deceased teacher "Tenzin really touched me in a profound way", Baratz said in an interview  “He has a huge heart, and he's very smart  And when I heard that he’s looking for the reincarnation of his master, I thought this is a movie I must make "

Release, broadcast, and DVD
Unmistaken Child was first screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2008  Festival screenings in Berlin, San Francisco, and other festivals around the world followed  The film opened in limited theatrical release in the U S  in June 2009, and subsequently in limited theatrical release around the world 
Unmistaken Child was selected for and aired on the award-winning PBS series Independent Lens in April 2010  Oscilloscope Laboratories published the film on DVD in 2009 

Awards
Full Frame Documentary Film Festival
Full Frame Inspiration Award
Anne Dellinger Special Jury Award
The Charles E  Guggenheim Emerging Artist Award – Honorable MentionRiverRun International Film Festival
Best DocumentaryEBS International Documentary Festival
Grand Prix
Audience AwardIndependent Film Festival Boston
Special Jury Prize – DocumentaryCamerimage
Grand Prix – Feature Documentary FilmHaifa International Film Festival
Best DocumentaryKrakow Film Festival
Golden Horn – Best Documentary
Cracow Students Jury Award – Best Documentary

See also
Tenzin Phuntsok Rinpoche
Tulku (film)
My Reincarnation
Pearl relics



ground_truth: Bogdan Țăruș

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are both mountains, Yana Urqu (Q'Umirqucha) and Puka Rumi, located in the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 
Passage 6:
Yana Urqu (Jaqhichuwa)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", Hispanicized spelling Yanaorjo) is a mountain in the Willkanuta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high  It is situated in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District  Yana Urqu lies southeast of the mountain Jaqhichuwa 
Passage 7:
Yana Urqu (Castrovirreyna)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", Hispanicized spelling Yana Orjo) is a mountain in the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high  It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Castrovirreyna Province, Santa Ana District  Yana Urqu lies south of Wayra Q'asa 
Passage 8:
Yana Urqu (Apurímac)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", hispanicized spelling Yanaorjo) is a mountain in the north of the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,404 ft) high  It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Oropesa District  Yana Urqu lies southwest of Willkarana and Kisu Qutu 
Passage 9:
Yana Urqu (Chapi Urqu)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", Hispanicized spelling Yanaorcco) is a 4,890-metre-high (16,040 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru  It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Huacocolpa District  Yana Urqu lies southeast of Chapi Urqu and northeast of Inqhana 
Passage 10:
Yana Urqu (Huancavelica)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", hispanicized spelling Yana Orjo) is a mountain in the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high  It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Huacocolpa District  Yana Urqu lies northwest of Inqhana and northeast of Wayra Q'asa 



ground_truth: yes

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both films The Reincarnation Of Golden Lotus and I'Ll Get By (Film) have the directors from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: From this point onward, the Empress' entourage wore only Western-style clothes in public, to the point that in January 1887 
Empress Haruko issued a memorandum on the subject: traditional Japanese dress was not only unsuited to modern life, but Western-style dress was closer than the kimono to clothes worn by Japanese women in ancient times In the diplomatic field, Empress Haruko hosted the wife of former US President Ulysses S  Grant during his visit to Japan  She was also present for her husband's meetings with Hawaiian King Kalākaua in 1881  Later that same year, she helped host the visit of the sons of future British King Edward VII: Princes Albert Victor and George (future George V), who presented her with a pair of pet wallabies from Australia On  26 November 1886, Empress Haruko accompanied her husband to Yokosuka, Kanagawa to observe the new Imperial Japanese Navy cruisers Naniwa and Takachiho firing torpedoes and performing other maneuvers  From 1887, the Empress was often at the Emperor's side in official visits to army maneuvers  When Emperor Meiji fell ill in 1888, Empress Haruko took his place in welcoming envoys from Siam, launching warships and visiting Tokyo Imperial University  In 1889, Empress Haruko accompanied Emperor Meiji on his official visit to Nagoya and Kyoto  While he continued on to visit naval bases at Kure and Sasebo, she went to Nara to worship at the principal Shinto shrines Known throughout her tenure for her support of charity work and women's education during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), Empress Haruko worked for the establishment of the Japanese Red Cross Society  She participated in the organization's administration, especially in their peacetime activities in which she created a money fund for the International Red Cross  Renamed "The Empress Shōken Fund", it is presently used for international welfare activities  After Emperor Meiji moved his military headquarters from Tokyo to Hiroshima to be closer to the lines of communications with his troops, Empress Haruko joined her husband in March 1895  While in Hiroshima, she insisted on visiting hospitals full of wounded soldiers every other day of her stay 

Death
After Emperor Meiji's death in 1912, Empress Haruko was granted the title Empress Dowager (皇太后, Kōtaigō) by her adoptive son, Emperor Taishō  She died in 1914 at the Imperial Villa in Numazu, Shizuoka and was buried in the East Mound of the Fushimi Momoyama Ryo in Fushimi, Kyoto, next to her husband  Her soul was enshrined in Meiji Shrine in Tokyo  On 9 May 1914, she received the posthumous name Shōken Kōtaigō (昭憲皇太后)  Her railway-carriage can be seen today in the Meiji Mura Museum, in Inuyama, Aichi prefecture 

Honours
National
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown, 1 November 1888

Foreign
She received the following orders and decorations:
 Russian Empire: Grand Cross of the Order of St  Catherine, 13 December 1887
 Spain: Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa, 29 November 1889
 Siam: Dame of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 12 October 1899
 German Empire: Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Class, 19 May 1903
 Kingdom of Bavaria: Dame of Honour of the Order of Theresa, 29 February 1904
 Korean Empire: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Auspicious Phoenix, 27 July 1908

Ancestry
See also
Empress of Japan
Ōmiya Palace

Notes
Passage 6:
Eunoë (wife of Bogudes)
Eunoë Maura was the wife of Bogudes, King of Western Mauretania  Her name has also been spelled Euries or Euryes or Eunoa 

Biography
Early life
Eunoë Maura was thought to be descended from Berbers, but her name is Greek so it appears she might have been from there or had Greek ancestry  She was likely of very high status, as she is mentioned by historian Suetonius in the same context as Cleopatra 

Marriage
At an unspecified early date in her marriage to her husband Bogud he mounted an expedition along the Atlantic coast, seemingly venturing into the tropics  When he returned he presented his wife Eunoë with gigantic reeds and asparagus he had found on the journey She is believed to have been a mistress of Julius Caesar  She may have replaced Cleopatra in Caesar's affections, when he arrived in North Africa prior to the Battle of Thapsus on 6 April 46 BC, the two were among several queens courted by Caesar  It is also possible that they first met in Spain if she accompanied her husband there on a campaign  Only a brief romance for the Roman, both Eunoe and Bogudes profited through gifts bestowed on them by Caesar  Caesar departed from Africa in June 46 BC, five and a half months after he landed 

Cultural depictions
Eunoë and Caesar's affair is greatly exaggerated and expanded on in the Medieval French prose work Faits des Romains  Jeanette Beer in her book A Medieval Caesar states that the Roman general is "transformed into Caesar, the medieval chevalier" in the text, and that the author is more interested in Caesar's sexual dominance over the queen than the political dominance he held over her husband Bogud  The text describes her; "Eunoe was the most beautiful woman in four kingdoms — nevertheless, she was Moorish", which Beer further analysed as being indicative of the fact that it was unimaginable to audiences of the time to believe that a lover of Caesar could be ugly, but that Moors still represented everything that was ugly to them Eunoë has also been depicted in several novels about Caesar, as well as serialized stories in The Cornhill Magazine  In such fiction her character often serves as a foil for the relationship between Caesar and another woman, mostly Cleopatra, such as in The Memoirs of Cleopatra, The Bloodied Toga and When We Were Gods  In Song of the Nile she also plays a posthumous role as a person of interest for Cleopatra's daughter Selene II who became queen of Mauritania after her Eunoe has also been depicted in a numismatic drawing by Italian artist and polymath Jacopo Strada, who lived in the 16th century  There is however no archaeological evidence of a coin that bears her name or picture 

See also
Women in ancient Rome
Passage 7:
Catherine Exley
Catherine Exley (1779–1857) was an English diarist  She was the wife of a soldier who accompanied her husband when he served in Portugal, Spain, and Ireland during the Napoleonic Wars  Exley is best known as the author of a diary that gives an account of military life in that era from the viewpoint of the wife of a common soldier 

Background
Catherine Whitaker was born at Leeds in 1779 and married Joshua Exley there in 1806  Between  1805 and 1815, Joshua served in the Second Battalion of the 34th Regiment of Foot, initially as a private and then for a little over two years, as a corporal  Exley accompanied her husband for a substantial portion of this time and in due course wrote an account that is probably unique in that it records and reflects on life in the British Army from the perspective of the wife of a soldier who did not reach the rank of an officer 

The diary
Catherine's diary was first published as a booklet issued shortly after her death  A single copy of the booklet is known to exist, it was also reprinted in The Dewsbury Reporter during August 1923  The text of the diary is included in full in a more recently issued book, edited by Professor Rebecca Probert, along with essays on its military and religious context, the treatment of prisoners of war and the role of women in the British, French and Spanish armed forces during the Peninsular War 
The diary unfolds the hardships that both Catherine and her husband suffered during his military service, including one period when they both wrongly thought that the other had died  There are detailed accounts of the births and deaths of children, the cold, hunger and filthy conditions of military life and the horror of the aftermaths of battles  Details of the author's religious experiences which led her to membership of the Methodist church also appear  Exley wrote the diary during the last 20 years before her death, which took place in 1857 at Batley, Yorkshire 
Passage 8:
Ilona Zrínyi
Countess Ilona Zrínyi (Croatian: Jelena Zrinska, Hungarian: Zrínyi Ilona) (1643, Ozalj – 18 February 1703, Izmit) was a noblewoman and heroine  She was one of the last surviving members of the Croatian-Hungarian Zrinski/Zrínyi noble family  She was the daughter of Petar Zrinski, Ban (viceroy) of Croatia, the niece of both Miklós Zrínyi and Fran Krsto Frankopan and the wife of Francis Rákóczi I and Imre Thököly, as well as the mother of Francis Rákóczi II  She is remembered in history for her Defense of Palanok Castle against the Imperial army in 1685-1688, an act for which she was regarded a heroine in Hungary 

Life
Early years and family
Ilona was born Ilona Zrínyi in Ozalj, present day Croatia  She was the eldest child of Croatian Ban, Peter Zrinyi, and his wife Katarina Zrinyi née Frankopan, a Croatian poet  Later her parents had two daughters, Judita Petronila (1652-1699), and Aurora Veronika (1658-1735), as well as a son, Ivan Antun (1651-1703)  Ilona and her siblings were the last generation of descendants of the once-powerful Zrinski family 
From her childhood, she was known for her beauty and good education  There is little information on her schooling; it is known though that she acquired a high level of knowledge within her family, not only from her father and mother, Croatian writers and erudite persons but from her uncle Nikola VII Zrinski as well 

Marriages
On 1 March 1666, she married Francis Rákóczi, with whom she had three children: György, born in 1667, who died in infancy; Julianna, born in 1672; and Ferenc (commonly known as Francis Rákóczi II), born in 1676  On June 8, 1676, not long after Francis II's birth, the elder Francis died  The widowed Ilona requested guardianship of her children and was granted it, against the advice of Emperor Leopold I's advisers and against Francis I's will  In this way she also retained control over the vast Rákóczi estates, which included among them the castles of Regéc, Sárospatak, Makovica, and Munkács  In 1682 she married Imre Thököly and became an active partner in her second husband's Kuruc uprising against the Habsburgs 

Defense of Munkács (Palanok) Castle
After their defeat at the 1683 Battle of Vienna, both the Ottoman forces and Thököly's allied Kuruc fighters had no choice but to retreat, and Thököly quickly lost one Rákóczi castle after another  At the end of 1685, the Imperial army surrounded the last remaining stronghold, Munkacs Castle in today's Ukraine  Ilona Zrínyi alone defended the castle for three years (1685–1688) against the forces of General Antonio Caraffa 

Internment, exile and death
After the recapture of Buda, the situation became untenable, and on 17 January 1688, Ilona had no choice but to surrender the castle, with the understanding that the defenders would receive amnesty from the Emperor, and that the Rákóczi estates would remain in her children's name  Under this agreement, she and her children traveled immediately to Vienna, where in violation of the pact the children were taken from her  Ilona lived until 1691 in the convent of the Ursulines, where her daughter Julianna was also raised  Her son Francis was immediately taken to the Jesuit school in Neuhaus 
At the time, her husband, Thököly, was still fighting with his Kuruc rebels against the Habsburg army in Upper Hungary  When Habsburg General Heisler was captured by Thököly, a prisoner exchange was arranged, and Ilona joined her husband in Transylvania  In 1699, however, after the Treaty of Karlowitz was signed, both spouses, having found themselves on the losing side, had to go into exile in the Ottoman Empire  The countess lived in Galata, district of Constantinople, and later in Izmit, where she died on 18 February 1703  She was buried in the French church of Saint Benoit in Galata 

Descendants
From her first marriage with Francis Rákóczi, Ilona had three children:

György (1667–1667)
Julianna Borbála (September 1672 – 1717); married Count Ferdinand Gobert von Aspremont-Lynden (1643-1708)
Francis II (27 March 1676 – 8 April 1735)From her second marriage with Imre Thököly, Ilona had three children, all of whom died at a young age (including one she was pregnant with during the siege of Munkács) 

Legacy
Ilona Zrínyi is celebrated in Croatia and Hungary as one of the greatest national heroines, patriots and fighters for freedom, who opposed, although unsuccessfully, the autocracy and absolutism aspirations of the Habsburgs  Her even more famous son Francis II Rákóczi continued the struggle for the independence of Hungary (1703–1711) 
In October 1906 the remains of the Croatian countess were reinterred with her son's in the St Elisabeth Cathedral in present-day Košice, Slovakia 

Honors
Postage stamp issued by Hungary on 28 September 1952 

See also
House of Zrinski
Zrinski family tree
Zrinski–Frankopan conspiracy
Kuruc
Rákóczi's War for Independence
Wesselényi conspiracy
Passage 9:
Artaynte
Artaynte (f  478 BC), was the wife of the Crown Prince Darius 

Life
Daughter of an unnamed woman and Prince Masistes, a marshall of the armies during the invasion of Greece in 480-479 BC, and the brother of King Xerxes I 
During the Greek campaign Xerxes developed a passionate desire for the wife of Masistes, but she would constantly resist and would not bend to his will  Upon his return to Sardis, the king endeavoured to bring about the marriage of his son Daris to Artaynte, the daughter of this woman the wife of Masistes, supposing that by doing so he could obtain her more easily 
After moving to Susa he brought Artaynte to the royal house with him for his son Daris, but fell in love with her himself, and after obtaining her they became lovers  
At the behest of Xerxes, Artaynte committed adultery with him (Xerxes)  When queen Amestris found out, she did not seek revenge against Artaynte, but against her mother, Masistes' wife, as Amestris thought that it was her connivance  On Xerxes' birthday, Amestris sent for his guards and mutilated Masistes' wife by cutting off her breasts and threw them to dogs, and her nose and ears and lips also, and cutting out her tongue as well  On seeing this, Masistes fled to Bactria to start a revolt, but was intercepted by Xerxes' army who killed him and his sons 
Passage 10:
Hafsa Hatun
Hafsa Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: حفصه خاتون, "young lioness") was a Turkish princess, and a consort of Bayezid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 

Life
Hafsa Hatun was the daughter of Isa Bey, the ruler of the Aydinids  She was married to Bayezid in 1390, upon his conquest of the Aydinids  Her father had surrendered without a fight, and a marriage was arranged between her and Bayezid  Thereafter, Isa was sent into exile in Iznik, shorn of his power, where he subsequently died  Her marriage strengthened the bonds between the two families 

Charities
Hafsa Hatun's public works are located within her father's territory and may have been built before she married Bayezid  She commissioned a fountain in Tire city and a Hermitage in Bademiye, and a mosque known as "Hafsa Hatun Mosque" between 1390 and 1392 from the money she received in her dowry 

See also
Ottoman dynasty
Ottoman Empire



ground_truth: no