prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which magazine was established first, Rock Street Journal or De As?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Baer House (Little Rock, Arkansas)
The Baer House is a historic house located at 1010 Rock Street in Little Rock, Arkansas 

Description and history
It is a simple two-story L-shaped masonry structure, with a cross-gable roof configuration and a porch at the crook of the L  The front-facing gable has Craftsman-style brackets and half-timbering effects  The porch has a shed roof, and is supported by groups of short box columns set on tall brick piers, with a brick balustrade  The house was designed by the architect Charles L  Thompson, and was built about 1915 The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1982 

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Little Rock, Arkansas
Passage 2:
Soyol Erdene
Soyol Erdene (Mongolian: Соёл Эрдэнэ, [ˈsɔjɔɮ ˈɛrdən]) is the first rock band of Mongolia 

Name
"Soyol Erdene" is the name of a melodious popular song of 1920s which the band played on an electric guitar  The approximate meaning is "Cultural jewel" 

History
The band was established in late 1971  The Minister of Culture of that time, famous novelist Ch  Lodoidamba called four young musicians and said: "England has a band The Beatles of four young men  Why shouldn't we have a similar band?" The four young musicians, who had recently graduated from the School of Music and Dance in Ulaanbaatar (nowadays College of Music and Dance) as yatga (ятга) players, established a rock band  The members were Tserenbat (drums), Erdenekhuyag (guitar), Batsaikhan (guitar) and Naranbaatar (keyboard)  Later members were Galsanbat (guitar-solo), Zundari (bass), Bayar (vocal), Damdinsuren (guitar), Jargalsaikhan (drums), Jargalsaikhan (guitar/vocal), B  Tsolmon (drums)  Among the more recent members were D  Enkhbold (guitar-solo) and Kh  Bulgan (keyboard)  Soyol Erdene also performed for female singers Rentsenkhand, Nandintsetseg, Dulamsuren, Uranchimeg, Nasantogtokh, and Ariunaa 
During socialism, the band worked under the administration of the State Philharmony which also supervised a symphony orchestra and the jazz band Bayan Mongol 
The first compositions of the band were Mongolian folk songs in a rock style arrangement as well as songs written by the members of the band  They often used poems of famous Mongolian writers 
The rock band was frequently criticized by the MPRP censorship for promotion of the Western musical style and Western fashion 
Soyol Erdene won the gold medal at the 10th World Festival of Youth and Students in 1973 Soyol Erdene's only full album, Soyol Erdene, was re-released in 2019 by the Everland Music Group 

Repertoire
Among the most popular songs created by the members of Soyol Erdene during its merseybeat period in the early 1970s were "Setgeliin jigüür" (The wings of the Mood), "Zürhnii aizam" (Melody of the Heart), and "Uchraliin uyanga" (Melody of Love) by Zundari, Ankhnii khairiin duu (Song of the First Love) and Hüleelt (Waiting) by Jargalsaikhan G, glam rock 6:45 (Six forty-five), Tursun udriin duu (Happy Birthday's song), 18 nas mini namaig buu orkhioch (Don’t leave me, my childhood), Burged (The Eagle), rock composition Chinggis khaan by Jargalsaikhan D,
The most popular rock interpretations of Mongolian folk songs were "Damdin" and "Tonjoo" (Western Mongolian folk song)  Western Mongolian folklore fitted well with the rock arrangement 
The most renowned instrumental compositions of Soyol Erdene were "Soyol Erdene", "Sansriin khölög" (Spaceship composed by Baatarsukh S 1969), Tsenkher zalaa (a yatga solo that became a jingle for weather forecasts composed by Baatarsukh S 1969) and "Ankhnii tsas" (The First Snow) by Naranbaatar, rock composition "Bid" (We are) by Jargalsaikhan D

See also
Music of Mongolia
Passage 3:
Central Congregational Church (Fall River, Massachusetts)
Central Congregational Church is a historic church at 100 Rock Street in Fall River, Massachusetts 

History
The church was built in 1875 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983  It was designed by Boston architects Hartwell & Swasey, who also designed several other notable buildings in Fall River, including the Academy Building and several city fire stations  It was well known in its early days for being the home church of Lizzie Borden and her family 
In the 1990s and 2000s, the church and abbey were renovated into the International Culinary Academy, with the Abbey Grille and classrooms in the abbey and a large function hall in the main church  The Academy and restaurant closed in March 2009 
In 2019 the church became a venue for events  Weddings and other large events  It is now called The Historic Abbey at 100 Rock Street 
The Hook & Hastings organ was built some time ago  This Hook & Hastings organ is one of the only ones in the area  The organ is located in the main hall 

In popular culture
It was the site used, in the spring of 1993, for the performance segment of the video for "Cryin'" by Aerosmith, who had played the area in the early days  The church was also featured on the first-season episode of Haunted Towns where paranormal team Tennessee Wraith Chasers were the first ones to investigate it, trying to communicate with the ghost of Lizzie Borden who taught Sunday school here 

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Fall River, Massachusetts
Massasoit Fire House No  5
Pocasset Firehouse No  7
Passage 4:
De León
De León or de León or De Leon may refer to:

De Leon, Texas, USA
De Leon Independent School District of De Leon, Texas
Manuel Márquez de León International Airport, the airport serving La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
De León (surname), people with the surname De León, de León or De Leon
Passage 5:
Mission Rock station
Mission Rock station is a light rail station on the Muni Metro T Third Street line, located in the median of Third Street at Mission Rock Street in the Mission Bay neighborhood of San Francisco, California  The station opened with the T Third Street line on January 13, 2007  It has two side platforms; the northbound platform is north of Mission Rock Street, and the southbound platform south of Mission Rock Street, which allows trains to pass through the intersection before stopping at the station 
The stop is also served by the route 22 bus, plus the T Bus and 91 Owl bus routes, which provide service along the T Third Street line during the early morning and late night hours respectively when trains do not operate 
Passage 6:
Rock Street Journal
Rock Street Journal or RSJ is a monthly magazine covering the rock scene in India and South Asia  It was started in January 1993 in Allahabad by Amit Saigal and Shena Gamat Saigal after they noted the lack of a support system for Indian rock musicians  The magazine has grown in popularity ever since and is now published from Delhi  It organizes the yearly Great Indian Rock Festival (GIR) to promote original music of new and upcoming rock bands in India 

History
Amit Saigal and Sam Eric Lal used to perform in a band called Impact in the 1980s  They realized that there was no support system in place for new and upcoming rock musicians and bands in India  They only had college fests as platforms  According to Sam, "The community was large and strong but very fragmented at the same time  When we thought about this, we decided to come up with RSJ which would provide news about rock music anywhere in the country " And thus RSJ was born to bring a sense of community among these struggling musicians, the first issue published from Allahabad in January 1993  It was initially planned as subscription-only magazine  Amit promoted the magazine in college festivals but only sold a handful of subscriptions at that time  The magazine has grown substantially since then, and has a circulation of 1, 42,000 copies per issue 

Features
RSJ regularly covers professional and college festival concerts throughout India  It also publishes reviews of new music albums, new bands, old bands and everything that falls under the gamut of the Indian and the international rock scene, they also publish reviews of Indian Bands along with extensive reviews and interviews of International bands  Its website has an extensive database of over a thousand rock bands and musicians hailing from the Indian subcontinent, including desi rock bands from elsewhere in the world  The website also contains the official forums frequented by thousands of Indian rock fans  Between 2004 and 2007, a thread called the "Deadman show" was the most visited and read thread in the forum  Currently boasting of a registered database of over 40,000 
Over the years RSJ changed the overall approach to the content and now covers an array of varied music and concerts  The magazine also regularly does free CD releases every month 
The latest initiative however is the Breaking Boundaries Split EP series which features music from across the globe and renowned bands  The first edition featured Textures, New Way Home and Indian metal legends Bhayanak Maut, Scribe and Undying Inc  The second edition is rumored to feature bands like Tesseract, Fell Silent and hardcore band Norris from Canada 

Concerts and music festivals
RSJ organizes the Great Indian Rock Festival each year showcasing the best among upcoming talent in rock and roll in the Indian subcontinent  The first GIR was in 1997 in Kolkata  It is usually held in Delhi in the month of February, in the 11th year of GIR; Norway's biggest Black Metal Act Enslaved were headlining  In addition, RSJ has organized several other concerts including the Concert for Tibet in 2003 in Dharamsala, and the Brotherhood of Rock in Shillong 
RSJ has also conceptualised and executed events like the Pubrockfest and RocktoberFest which are now regular events in Delhi, however the PubrockFest went national this year going to 7 cities and with over 30 gigs in all  This year the Pubrockfest is bigger going to 20 cities with 60 gigs and also features two international artistes from Australia and Canada respectively 
2007 also saw the inception of a new festival called LiveAlive - Experience Jazz, Blues and Beyond, this festival focused on music like jazz, blues and other experimental music 
Every year in November, Jazz fans in Delhi get a treat in the form of The Jazz Utsav which is organised by Capital Jazz in association with Rock Street Journal, the Jazz Utsav features some of the biggest acts in Jazz from across the globe 
Over the years the number of festivals have grown and the key festivals that RSJ does are
1  Great Indian Rock
2  Live Alive
3  Pubrockfest
4  Rocktoberfest
5  Global Groove
6  Jazz Utsav

See also
Indian rock
Passage 7:
Delisle
Delisle or De Lisle or de Lisle may refer to:

People
Delisle (surname)
DeLisle Worrell, a former governor of the Central Bank of Barbados

Places
CanadaDelisle, Quebec, a former municipality that is now part of Alma, in RCM of Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, in administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec
Richmond Gulf (French: Lac Guillaume-Delisle), a waterbody in Nunavik, in administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, Canada
Sector Delisle, a sector of Alma, Quebec, in Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec
Delisle, Saskatchewan, a town in SaskatchewanUnited StatesDeLisle, Mississippi, a census-designated place
Delisle, Ohio, an unincorporated communityThe MoonMons Delisle, a mountain on the moon
Delisle (crater), a lunar crater

Other uses
Delisle scale, a temperature scale
De Lisle carbine, a World War II silent rifle
De Lisle College, a Roman Catholic school in Leicestershire, England
De Lisle (novel), an 1828 novel by Elizabeth Caroline Grey

See also
Lisle (disambiguation)
Passage 8:
DeLorenzo
DeLorenzo or De Lorenzo or de Lorenzo is an Italian surname  It may refer to:

Giovanni de Lorenzo Larciani (1484-1527), Italian painterBart DeLorenzo (born 1965), American theater director
Dana DeLorenzo (born 1983), American actress
Enrico de Lorenzo, Italian bobsledder who competed during the 1960s
Francesco De Lorenzo (born 1938), Italian doctor and politician
Italo de Lorenzo, Italian bobsledder who competed in the mid-1960s
Leonardo De Lorenzo (1875–1962), Italian musician
Michael DeLorenzo (born 1959), American actor
Tista De Lorenzo (born 1934), Australian football player
Victor DeLorenzo (born 1954), American musicianJax DeLorenzo (born 2014)
Dog

See also
De Lorenzo's Tomato Pies, a pizzeria in New Jersey
Lorenzo (name)
Passage 9:
De AS
De AS (Anarcho-Socialist) (also called De AS) is a Dutch anarchist quarterly, published by De AS Foundation in Moerkapelle  The first issue appeared in December 1972 
De AS appears in the form of special issues and once per year in the form of a Yearbook Anarchism  Sometimes, these two appear together, as is the case with number 156 (Winter 2006)  Sometimes there are also double numbers  The themes followed by the 13th Yearbook Anarchism concern uprooting of Europe  The aim of De AS is to develop an anarchist vision regarding the social environment (from politics to art) as well a critique of the point of view of anarchism 
From 1973 to 1983, Anton Levien Constandse served as an editor for the magazine  As of May 2009, Marius de Geus, Jaap van der Laan, Wim de Lobel and Hans Ramaer edited the magazine 
Passage 10:
Everybody's Magazine
Everybody's Magazine was an American magazine published from 1899 to 1929  The magazine was headquartered in New York City 

History and profile
The magazine was founded by Philadelphia merchant John Wanamaker in 1899, though he had little role in its actual operations  Initially, the magazine published a combination of non-fiction articles and new fiction stories   By 1926, the magazine had become a pulp fiction magazine and in 1929 it merged with Romance magazine 
In 1903, it had a circulation of 150,000, and Wanamaker sold the magazine for $75,000 to a group headed by Erman Jesse Ridgway   A series of muckraking articles called "Frenzied Finance" in 1904 boosted circulation to well over 500,000, and it stayed above the half million mark for many years   During America's involvement in World War I, circulation declined below 300,000   By the late 1920s, it had declined to about 50,000 Beginning in 1915, the magazine began referring to itself simply as Everybody's  Writers who appeared in it include Jack London, Talbot Mundy, Victor Rousseau, O  Henry, A  A  Milne (Milne's novel The Red House Mystery was serialised in the magazine from August to December 1921 as The Red House Murder) Hugh Pendexter, Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd, Raoul Whitfield and Dornford Yates 
The last issue of Everybody's Magazine was published in March 1929  In 1931, publisher Alfred A  Cohen purchased Everybody's Magazine from the Butterick Publishing Company and attempted to revive it with F  Orlin Tremaine as editor  No known issues were produced and the magazine was soon declared discontinued 

Gallery
Context 2: Passage 1:
Obata Toramori
Obata Toramori (小畠虎盛, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" 
He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters  
He was the father of Obata Masamori 

See also
Isao Obata
Passage 2:
Inoue Masaru (bureaucrat)
Viscount Inoue Masaru (井上 勝, August 25, 1843 – August 2, 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known as the "father of the Japanese railways" 

Biography
He was born into the Chōshū clan at Hagi, Yamaguchi, the son of Katsuyuki Inoue  He was briefly adopted into the Nomura family and became known as Nomura Yakichi, though he was later restored to the Inoue family 
Masaru Inoue was brought up as the son of a samurai belonging to the Chōshū fief  At 15, he entered the Nagasaki Naval Academy established by the Tokugawa shogunate under the direction of a Dutch naval officer  In 1863, Inoue and four friends from the Chōshū clan stowed away on a vessel to the United Kingdom  He studied civil engineering and mining at University College London and returned to Japan in 1868  After working for the government as a technical officer supervising the mining industry, he was appointed Director of the Railway Board in 1871  Inoue played a leading role in Japan's railway planning and construction, including the construction of the Nakasendo Railway, the selection of the alternative route (Tokaido), and the proposals for future mainline railway networks In 1891 Masaru Inoue founded Koiwai Farm with Yanosuke Iwasaki and Shin Onogi   After retirement from the government, Inoue founded Kisha Seizo Kaisha, the first locomotive manufacturer in Japan, becoming its first president in 1896  In 1909 he was appointed President of the Imperial Railway Association  He died of an illness in London in 1910, during an official visit on behalf of the Ministry of Railways 

Honors
Inoue and his friends later came to be known as the Chōshū Five  To commemorate their stay in London, two scholarships, known as the Inoue Masaru Scholarships, are available each session under the University College London 1863 Japan Scholarships scheme to enable University College students to study at a Japanese University  The value of the scholarships are £3000 each 

His tomb is in the triangular area of land where the Tōkaidō Main Line meets the Tōkaidō Shinkansen in Kita-Shinagawa 

Chōshū Five
These are the four other members of the "Chōshū Five":

Itō Shunsuke (later Itō Hirobumii)
Inoue Monta (later Inoue Kaoru)
Yamao Yōzō who later studied engineering at the Andersonian Institute, Glasgow, 1866-68 while working at the shipyards by day
Endō Kinsuke

See also
Japanese students in Britain
Statue of Inoue Masaru
Passage 3:
John Templeton (botanist)
John Templeton (1766–1825) was a pioneering Irish naturalist, sometimes referred to as the "Father of Irish Botany"  He was a leading figure in Belfast's late eighteenth century enlightenment, initially supported the  United Irishmen, and figured prominently in the town's scientific and literary societies 

Family
Templeton was born in Belfast in 1766, the son of James Templeton, a prosperous wholesale merchant, and his wife Mary Eleanor, daughter of Benjamin Legg, a sugar refiner  The family resided in a 17th century country house to the south of the town, which been named Orange Grove in honour of William of Orange who had stopped at the house en route to his victory over James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 Until the age of 16 Templeton attended a progressive, co-educational, school favoured by the town's liberal, largely Presbyterian, merchant class  Schoolmaster David Manson sought to exclude "drudgery and fear" by combining classroom instruction with play and experiential learning  Templeton counted among his schoolfellows brother and sister Henry Joy and Mary Ann McCracken, and maintained a warm friendship with them throughout his life In 1799, Templeton married Katherine Johnson of Seymour Hill  Her family had been touched by the United Irish rebellion the previous year: her brother-in-law, Henry Munro, commander of the United army at the Battle of Ballynahinch, had been hanged  The couple had five children: Ellen, born on 30 September 1800, Robert, born on 12 December 1802, Catherine, born on 19 July 1806, Mary, born on 9 December 1809 and Matilda on 2 November 1813 
The union between the two already prosperous merchant families provided more than ample means enabling Templeton to devote himself passionately to the study of natural history 

United Irishman
Like many of his liberal Presbyterian peers in Belfast, Templeton was sympathetic to the programme and aims of the Society United Irishmen:  Catholic Emancipation and democratic reform of the Irish Parliament  But it was several years before he was persuaded to take the United Irish "test" or pledge  In March 1797 his friend, Mary Ann McCracken, wrote to her brother: [A] certain Botanical friend of ours whose steady and inflexible mind is invulnerable to any other weapon but reason, and only to be moved by conviction has at last turned his attention from the vegetable kingdom to the human species and after pondering the matter for some months, is at last determined to become what he ought to have been months ago 
She hoped his sisters would "soon follow him " Having committed himself to the patriotic union of Catholic, Protestant and Dissenter, Templeton changed the name of the family home from loyalist Orange Grove to Irish "Cranmore" (crann mór, 'big tree') 
Templeton was disenchanted by the Rebellion of 1798, and mindful of events in France , repelled by the violence  He nonetheless withdrew from the Belfast Literary Society, of which he had been a founding member in 1801, rather than accept the continued presence of Dr  James MacDonnell  MacDonnell's offence had been to subscribe forty guineas in 1803 for the capture (leading to execution) of the unreformed rebel Thomas Russell who had been their mutual friend  (While unable to "forget the amiable Russell", time, he conceded,  "softened a little my feelings": in 1825, Templeton and MacDonnell met and shook hands) 

Garden
The garden at Cranmore spread over 13-acre garden was planted with exotic and native species acquired on botanical excursions, from fellow botanists, nurseries, botanical gardens and abroad: "Received yesterday a large chest of East Indian plants which I examined today " "Box from Mr  Taylor" Other plants arrived, often as seeds from North America, Australia, India, China and other parts of the British Empire  Cranmore also served as a small animal farm for experimental animal husbandry and a kitchen garden 

Botanist
John Templeton's interest in botany began with this experimental garden laid out according to a suggestion in Rousseau's 'Nouvelle Heloise' and following Rousseau's 'Letters on the Elements of Botany Here he cultivated many tender exotics out of doors (a list provided by Nelson and began botanical studies which lasted throughout his life and corresponded with the most eminent botanists in England Sir William Hooker, William Turner, James Sowerby and, especially Sir Joseph Banks, who had travelled on Captain James Cook's voyages, and in charge of Kew Gardens  Banks tried (unsuccessfully) to tempt him to New Holland (Australia) as a botanist on the Flinders's Expedition with the offer of a large tract of land and a substantial salary  An associate of the Linnean Society, Templeton visited London and saw the botanical work being achieved there  This led to his promotion of the Belfast Botanic Gardens as early as 1809, and to work on a Catalogue of Native Irish Plants, in manuscript form and now in the Royal Irish Academy, which was used as an accurate foundation for later work by succeeding Irish botanists  He also assembled text and executed many beautiful watercolour drawings for a Flora Hibernica, sadly never finished, and kept a detailed journal during the years 1806–1825 (both now in the Ulster Museum, Belfast) [1] Of the 12000 algal specimens in the Ulster Museum Herbarium about 148 are in the Templeton collection and were mostly collected by him, some were collected by others and passed to Templeton  The specimens in the Templeton collection in the Ulster Museum (BEL) have been catalogued  Those noted in 1967 were numbered: F1 – F48  Others were in The Queen's University Belfast  All of Templeton's specimens have now been numbered in the Ulster Museum as follows: F190 – F264; F290 – F314 and F333 – F334 
Templeton was the first finder of Rosa hibernicaThis rose, although collected by Templeton in 1795, remained undescribed until 1803 when he published a short diagnosis in the Transactions of the Dublin Society 

Early additions to the flora of Ireland include Sisymbrium Ligusticum seoticum (1793), Adoxa moschatellina (1820), Orobanche rubra and many other plants  His work on lichens was the basis of this secton of Flora Hiberica by James Townsend Mackay who wrote of him The foregoing account of the Lichens of Ireland would have been still more incomplete, but for the extensive collection of my lamented friend, the late Mr  John Templeton, of Cranmore, near Belfast, which his relict, Mrs  Templeton, most liberally placed at my disposal  I believe that thirty years ago his acquirements in the Natural History of organised beings rivalled that of any individual in Europe : these were by no means limited to diagnostic marks, but extended to all the laws and modifications of the living force  The frequent quotation of his authority in every preceding department of this Flora, is but a brief testimony of his diversified knowledge

Botanical Manuscripts
The MSS  left by Templeton consist of seven volumes  One of these is a small 8vo  half bound ; it is in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, and contains 280 pp  of lists of Cryptogams, chiefly mosses, with their localities  In this book is inserted a letter from Miss F  M  More, sister of Alexander Goodman More, to Dr  Edward Perceval Wright, Secretary, Royal Irish Academy, dated March, 1897, in which she says—‘*‘ The Manuscript which accompanies this letter was drawn up between 1794 and 1810, by the eminent naturalist, John Templeton, in Belfast  It was lent by his son, Dr  R  Templeton, to my brother, Alex  G  More, when he was preparing the second edition of the ‘ Cybele Hibernica,’ on condition that it should be placed in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy afterwards " The other six volumes are quarto size, and contain 1,090 folios, with descriptions of many of the plants, and careful drawings in pen and pencil and colours of many species  They are now lent to the Belfast Museum  About ten years ago I [Lett]spent a week in examining these volumes, and as their contents have hitherto never been fully described, I would like to give an epitome of my investigation of them 

Vol  1 —Phanerogams, 186 folios, with 15 coloured figures, and 6 small drawings in the text 
Vol  Il —Fresh-water Algae, 246 folios, 71 of which are coloured 
Vol IIl —Marine Algae, 212 folios, of which 79 are coloured figures  At the end of this volume are 3 folios of Mosses, the pagination of which runs with the rest of this volume, but it is evident they had at some time been misplaced 
Vol  IV Fungi, 112 folios 
Vol  V —Mosses, 117 folios, of which 20 are coloured, and also 73 small drawings in the text  *Vol  VI —Mosses and Hepatics  117 folios are Hepatics, 40 of which are in colours ; 96 folios are Mosses, of which 39 are full-page coloured figures; and in addition there are 3 small coloured drawings in the text All these drawings were executed by Templeton himself, they are every one most accurately and beautifully drawn; and the colouring is true to nature and artistically finished; those of the mosses and hepatics being particularly good  Templeton is not mentioned in Tate’s ‘‘ Flora Belfastiensis,’ published in 1863, at Belfast  The earliest published reference to his MSS  is in the "* Flora of Ulster," by Dickie, published in 1864, where there is this indefinite allusion—‘* To the friends of the late Mr  Templeton I am indebted for permission to take notes of species recorded in his manuscript " The MS  was most likely the small volume now in the Royal Irish Academy Library  In the introduction to the "*‘ Flora of the North-east of Ireland"’ (1888), there is a brief biographical sketch of Templeton, but no mention of any MS  However, in a ‘‘ Supplement" to the Flora (1894), there is this note— ‘* Templeton, John, four volumes of his ‘ Flora Hibernica’ at present deposited with the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, contain much original matter, which could not be worked out in time for the present paper " This fixes the approximate date of the MSS  being loaned to the Belfast Museum  They were not known to the authors of the ‘‘ Cybele Hibernica’"’ in 1866, while in the second edition (1898) the small volume of the MSS  in R 1 A  Library is described in the Index of Authors under its full title—Catalogue of the Native Plants of Ireland, by John Templeton, A L S 

Notable plant finds
Antrim:Northern beech fern Glenaan River, Cushendall 1809: intermediate wintergreen Sixmilewater 1794: heath pearlwort :Muck Island Islandmagee  1804: dwarf willow Slievenanee Mountain 1809: thin-leaf brookweed beside River Lagan in its tidal reaches – gone now 1797: Dovedale moss Cave Hill 1797: Arctic root Slemish Mountain pre 1825: Cornish moneywort  formerly cultivated at Cranmore, Malone Road, Belfast1 pre-1825 J  persisted to 1947: rock whitebeam  basalt cliffs of the Little Deerpark, Glenarm 15 July 1808: yellow meadow rue Portmore Lough 1800:  Moschatel Mountcollyer Deerpark 2 May 1820 , Bearberry  Fair Head pre 1825, Sea Bindweed Bushfoot dunes pre 1825,  Flixweed , 'Among the ruins of Carrickfergus I found Sisymbrium Sophia in plenty' 2 Sept  1812 – Journal of J  Templeton J4187, Needle Spike-rush Broadwater pre 1825, Dwarf Spurge Lambeg gravel pit 1804, Large-flowered Hemp-nettle, Glenarm  pre 1825
Down:
Field Gentian Slieve Donard 1796: Lesser Twayblade Newtonards Park pre 1825:  Rough poppy 15 July 1797: Six-stamened Waterwort Castlewellan Lake 1808: Great Sundew going to the mountains from Kilkeel 19 August 1808: Hairy Rock-cress Dundrum Castle 1797: Intermediate Wintergree Moneygreer Bog 1797 Cowslip Holywood Warren pre 1825 long gone since: Water-violet Crossgar 7th July 1810 Scots Lovage Bangor Bay 1809, Mountain Everlasting  Newtownards 1793, Frogbit boghole near Portaferry, Parsley fern, Slieve Binnian, Mourne Mountains  19 August 1808, Bog-rosemary Wolf Island Bog 1794,  Marsh Pea Lough Neagh
Fermanagh: Marsh Helleborine

Natural History of Ireland
John Templeton had wide-ranging scientific interests including chemistry as it applied to agriculture and horticulture, meteorology and phenology following Robert Marsham  He published very little aside from monthly reports on natural history and meteorology in the 'Belfast Magazine' commenced in 1808  John Templeton studied birds extensively, collected shells, marine organisms (especially "Zoophytes") and insects, notably garden pest species  He planned a 'Hibernian Fauna' to accompany 'Hibernian Flora'  This was not published, even in part, but A catalogue of the species annulose animals and of rayed ones found in Ireland as selected from the papers of the late J Templeton Esq  of Cranmore with localities, descriptions, and illustrations Mag  Nat  Hist  9: 233- 240; 301 305; 417–421; 466 -472[2], 1836   Catalogue of Irish Crustacea, Myriapoda and Arachnoida, selected from the papers of the late John Templeton Esq  Mag  Nat  Hist  9: 9–14 [3] and 1837 Irish Vertebrate animals selected from the papers of the late  John Templeton Esq Mag  Nat  Hist   1: (n  s ): 403–413 403 -413 were (collated and edited By Robert Templeton)  Much of his work was used by later authors, especially by William Thompson whose 'The Natural History of Ireland' is its essential continuation 

Dublin
Templeton was a regular visitor to the elegant Georgian city of Dublin (by 1816 the journey was completed in one day in a wellington coach with 4 passengers) and he was a Member of the Royal Dublin Society By his death in 1825 the Society had established a Botanic at Glasnevin "with the following sections:
1 The Linnaean garden, which contains two divisions, - Herbaceous plants, and shrub-fruit; and forest-tree plants 
2  Garden arranged on the system of Jussieu  3  Garden of Indigenous plants (to Ireland), disposed according to the system of Linnaeus  4  Kitchen Garden, where six apprentices are constantly employed, who receive a complete knowledge of systematic botany  5  Medicinal plants  6  Plants eaten, or rejected, by cattle  7  Plants used in rural economy  8  Plants used in dyeing  9  Rock plants  10  Aquatic and marsh plants  - For which an artificial marsh has been formed  11  Cryptogamics  12  Flower garden, besides extensive hot-houses, and a conservatory for exotics" 
Other associations were with Leinster House housing the RDS Museum and Library 
"Second Room  Here the animal kingdom is displayed, arranged in six classes  1  Mammalia  2  Aves  3  Amphibia  4  Pisces  5  Insectae  6  Vermes  Here is a great variety of shells, butterflies and beetles, and of the most beautiful species" and the Leske collection 
The library at Leinster House held 12,000 books and was particularly rich in  works on botany; "amongst which is a very valuable work in four large folio volumes, "Gramitia Austriaca" [Austriacorum Icones et descriptions graminum]; by Nicholas Thomas Host" Templeton was also associated with theFarming Society funded 1800, the 
Kirwanian Society  founded 1812, Marsh's Library, Trinity College Botanic Garden  Four acres supplied with both exotic and indigenous plants,the Trinity Library (80,000 volumes) and Trinity Museum Also the Museum of the College of Surgeons 

Death and legacy
Never of strong constitution, he was not expected to survive, he was in failing health from 1815 and died in 1825 aged only 60, "leaving a sorrowing wife, youthful family and many friends and townsmen who greatly mourned his death"  The Australian leguminous genus Templetonia is named for him 
In 1810 Templeton had supported the veteran United Irishman, William Drennan, in the foundation of the Belfast Academical Institution  With the staff and scholars of the Institution's early Collegiate Department, he then helped form the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society (the origin of both the Botanical Gardens and what is now the Ulster Museum) 
Although always ready to communicate his own findings, Templeton did not publish much  Robert Lloyd Praeger (1865-1953), editor of the Irish Naturalist and President of the Royal Irish Academy, described him nonetheless as "the most eminent naturalist Ireland has produced" Templeton's son, Robert Templeton (1802-1892), educated at the Belfast Academical Institution (which was eventually to acquire Cranmore House), became an entomologist renowned for his work on Sri Lankan arthropods  Robert's fellow pupil James Emerson Tennent went on to write Ceylon, Physical, Historical and Topographical

Contacts
Thomas Martyn From 1794 supplied Martyn with many remarks on cultivation for Martyn's edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary 
George Shaw
James Edward Smith Contributions to English Botany and Flora Britannica
James Lee
Samuel Goodenough
Aylmer Bourke Lambert
James Sowerby
William Curtis
Joseph Banks
Robert Brown 
Lewis Weston Dillwyn's Contributions to British Confervæ (1802–07)
Dawson Turner Contributions to British Fuci (1802), and Muscologia Hibernica (1804) 
John Walker
Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings
John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel
Jonathan Stokes
Walter Wade

Other
John Templeton maintained a natural history cabinet containing specimens from Calobar, New Holland and The Carolinas as well as is Ireland cabinets  His library included Rees's Cyclopædia and works by Carl Linnaeus, Edward Donovan and William Swainson s:Zoological Illustrationsand he used a John Dollond microscope and lenses  He made a tour of Scotland with Henry MacKinnon  His diaries record the Comet of 1807 and the Great Comet of 1811 

Gallery
|

See also
Late Enlightenment
James Townsend Mackay
Passage 4:
Arthur Beauchamp
Arthur Beauchamp (1827 – 28 April 1910) was a Member of Parliament from New Zealand  He is remembered as the father of Harold Beauchamp, who rose to fame as chairman of the Bank of New Zealand and was the father of writer Katherine Mansfield 

Biography
Beauchamp came to Nelson from Australia on the Lalla Rookh, arriving on 23 February 1861 He lived much of his life in a number of locations around the top of the South Island, also Whanganui when Harold was 11 for seven years and then to the capital (Wellington)  Then south to Christchurch and finally Picton and the Sounds  He had business failures and was bankrupted twice, in 1879 and 1884  He married Mary Stanley on the Victorian goldfields in 1854; Arthur and Mary lived in 18 locations over half a century, and are buried in Picton  Six of their ten children born between 1855 and 1893 died, including the first two sons born before Harold Beauchamp represented the Picton electorate from 1866 to 1867, when he resigned   He had the energy and sociability required for politics, but not the private income then required to be a parliamentarian  He supported the working man and the subdivision of big estates, opposed the confiscation of Māori land and was later recognised as a founding Liberal, the party that Harold supported and was a "fixer" for  Yska calls their life an extended chronicle of rootlessness, business failure and almost ceaseless family tragedy and Harold called his father a rolling stone by instinct  Arthur also served on the council of Marlborough Province and is best-remembered for a 10-hour speech to that body when an attempt was made to relocate the capital from Picton to Blenheim In 1866 he attempted to sue the Speaker of the House, David Monro  At the time the extent of privilege held by Members of Parliament was unclear; a select committee ruled that the case could proceed, but with a stay until after the parliamentary session 

See also
Yska, Redmer (2017)  A Strange Beautiful Excitement: Katherine Mansfield's Wellington 1888-1903  Dunedin: Otago University Press  pp  91–99  ISBN 978-0-947522-54-4 
Passage 5:
Takayama Tomoteru
Takayama Tomoteru (高山友照) (1531–1596) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period, who served Matsunaga Hisahide 
He was the father of Takayama Ukon, and was a Kirishitan 
Passage 6:
Eystein Glumra
Eystein Glumra ("Eystein the Noisy" or "Eystein the Clatterer"; Modern Norwegian Øystein Glumra), also known as Eystein Ivarsson, was reputedly a petty king on the west coast of Norway during the 9th century 
The Heimskringla saga states that Eystein Glumra was the father of Rognvald Eysteinsson and Sigurd Eysteinsson: "The first earl of the Orkney Islands was     Sigurd     a son of Eystein Glumra, and brother of Ragnvald earl of More  After Sigurd, his son Guthorm was earl for one year  After him Torf-Einar, a son of Ragnvald     was long earl, and was a man of great power" 
According to the Orkneyinga saga, Eystein Glumra was the son of Ivar Halfdansson and grandson of Halfdan the Old  The Orkneyinga Saga also named Eystein Glumra as the father of Rognvald Eysteinsson: "Heiti, Gorr's son, was father of Sveiði the sea-king, [who was] the father of Halfdan the old, [who was] the father of Ivar the Uplanders' earl, [who was] the father of Eystein the noisy, [who was] the father of earl Rognvald the mighty and wise in council" 
Two novels by Linnea Hartsuyker, The Half-Drowned King (2017) and The Sea Queen (2018), cover the lives of Eystein's children 
Passage 7:
Anacyndaraxes
Anacyndaraxes (Greek: Ἀνακυνδαράξης) was the father of Sardanapalus, king of Assyria 

Notes

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed  (1870)  "Anacyndaraxes"  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology  Vol  1  p  157-158 
Passage 8:
Giorgio Ordelaffi
Giorgio Ordelaffi (died 1423) was lord of Forlì and Papal vicar in Romagna (northern Italy)  He was a member of the Ordelaffi family 
The son of Teobaldo Ordelaffi, he married Lucrezia Alidosi of the Alidosi family  He kept the seigniory of Forlì from 1411 until his death, moving his residence in the current Palazzo Comunale 
Just before his death, when his son Teobaldo II Ordelaffi was still young, he offered to Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan the occasion to invade Romagna in 1423, initiating the 30-year long Wars in Lombardy 
Passage 9:
Cleomenes II
Cleomenes II (Greek: Κλεομένης; died 309 BC) was king of Sparta from 370 to 309 BC  He was the second son of Cleombrotus I, and grandfather of Areus I, who succeeded him  Although he reigned for more than 60 years, his life is completely unknown, apart from a victory at the Pythian Games in 336 BC  Several theories have been suggested by modern historians to explain such inactivity, but none has gained consensus 

Life and reign
Cleomenes was the second son of king Cleombrotus I (r  380–371), who belonged to the Agiad dynasty, one of the two royal families of Sparta (the other being the Eurypontids)  Cleombrotus died fighting Thebes at the famous Battle of Leuctra in 371  His eldest son Agesipolis II succeeded him, but he died soon after in 370  Cleomenes' reign was instead exceptionally long, lasting 60 years and 10 months according to Diodorus of Sicily, a historian of the 1st century BC  In a second statement, Diodorus nevertheless tells that Cleomenes II reigned 34 years, but he confused him with his namesake Cleomenes I (r  524–490) 

Despite the outstanding length of his reign, very little can be said about Cleomenes  He has been described by modern historians as a "nonentity"  Perhaps that the apparent weakness of Cleomenes inspired the negative opinion of the hereditary kingship at Sparta expressed by Aristotle in his Politics (written between 336 and 322)  However, Cleomenes may have focused on internal politics within Sparta, because military duties were apparently given to the Eurypontid Agesilaus II (r  400–c 360), Archidamus III (r  360–338), and Agis III (r  338–331)  As the Spartans notably kept their policies secret from foreign eyes, it would explain the silence of ancient sources on Cleomenes  Another explanation is that his duties were assumed by his elder son Acrotatus, described as a military leader by Diodorus, who mentions him in the aftermath of the Battle of Megalopolis in 331, and again in 315 Cleomenes' only known deed was his chariot race victory at the Pythian Games in Delphi in 336  In the following autumn, he gave the small sum of 510 drachmas for the reconstruction of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, which had been destroyed by an earthquake in 373  Cleomenes might have made this gift as a pretext to go to Delphi and engage in informal diplomacy with other Greek states, possibly to discuss the consequences of the recent assassination of the Macedonian king Philip II One short witticism of Cleomenes regarding cockfighting is preserved in the Moralia, written by the philosopher Plutarch in the early 2nd century AD:
Somebody promised to give to Cleomenes cocks that would die fighting, but he retorted, "No, don't, but give me those that kill fighting "
As Acrotatus died before Cleomenes, the latter's grandson Areus I succeeded him while still very young, so Cleomenes' second son Cleonymus acted as regent until Areus' majority  Some modern scholars also give Cleomenes a daughter named Archidamia, who played an important role during Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese, but the age difference makes it unlikely 
Passage 10:
Teobaldo II Ordelaffi
Teobaldo II Ordelaffi (also known as Tebaldo, 1413–1425) was briefly lord of Forlì from 1422 to 1424  He was the son of Giorgio Ordelaffi 
Giorgio has named Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan as his trustee, but Teobaldo's mother Lucrezia degli Alidosi, appointed herself as regent  Spurred by Visconti, the Forliveses rebelled and called in the Milanese condottiero Agnolo della Pergola  Florence reacted and, after some initial setbacks, it was joined by Venice in 1425 thanks to the efforts of the Count of Carmagnola  The war moved to Lombardy, and Visconti ceded Forlì and Imola to Pope Martin V  The Ordelaffi would return in Forlì in 1433 with Antonio I 

See also
Wars in Lombardy
Context 3: Passage 1:
Philip Pendleton Barbour
Philip Pendleton Barbour (May 25, 1783 – February 25, 1841) was the tenth speaker of the United States House of Representatives and an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States  He is the only individual to serve in both positions  He was also a slave owner Born in Gordonsville, Virginia, Barbour established a legal career in Gordonsville after studying at the College of William & Mary  Several members of Barbour's family, including his brother, James Barbour, went on to hold prominent political office  Barbour won election to the House of Representatives in 1814 as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party  He served a single term as Speaker from 1821 to 1823 and declined to seek re-election to Congress in 1824  Barbour returned to Congress in 1827 as an ally of Andrew Jackson 
Barbour served in Congress until 1830, when he accepted appointment as a judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia  President Jackson appointed Barbour to the Supreme Court in 1835 to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation in 1835 of Gabriel Duvall  Barbour served on the Court until his death in 1841  On the Court, Barbour generally supported Jacksonian principles and states' rights 

Early and family life
Barbour was born near Gordonsville, Orange County, Virginia, as the son of a planter, Thomas Barbour, who was a legislator, neighbor and early political sponsor of James Madison  He was named for his ancestor Philip Pendleton, through whom he was related to Edmund Pendleton, a politician and judge  The family was one of the First Families of Virginia, descended from a Scottish merchant who married a Miss Taliaferro and made his home in nearby Culpeper County, Virginia Like his brother James Barbour, Philip attended common and private schools before beginning formal legal studies under jurist St  George Tucker in Williamsburg, Virginia, but financial circumstances forced Tucker to end this arrangement in 1799 
He soon moved to Kentucky to make his fortune, where after a year reading law, he was admitted to the bar, and began practicing law in Bardstown  After another year, friends persuaded him to return to Virginia and resume his studies at the College of William & Mary, so in 1802, he began practicing law near his family home in Gordonsville In 1804, Barbour married a local planter's daughter, Frances Johnson, with whom he had one son named Sextus Barbour 

Political and early judicial career
Barbour practiced law for eight years before he started his public life as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1812 to 1814   When U S  Representative John Dawson died, Barbour won the special election to fill the seat, and served as a Jeffersonian Republican in the U S  House of Representatives from September 19, 1814 to March 4, 1825, reaching the office of Speaker from 1821 to 1823  Barbour entered politics as the nation witnessed a political shift in which former state's rights activists such as current President James Madison, Henry Clay, and his brother James, now a U S  Senator, began supporting nationalistic policies  Throughout this shift in power, Philip Barbour remained a strong advocate of Jeffersonian "Old Republican" principles of states' rights and maintaining a strict construction of the Constitution 

First term in Congress
Barbour's reputation for constitutional conservatism grew with his opposition to the Bonus Bill of 1817  The Bill permitted the federal funding of internal
improvement projects such as building roads like that being constructed to connect Buffalo, New York to New Orleans, Louisiana, through Washington  Barbour viewed federally funded internal projects as outside the sphere of Congress' powers and therefore unconstitutional and undermining state sovereignty  Barbour viewed states as sovereign, political communities, independent of an overarching political dynasty and free to secede from the Union if the federal government infringed on the rights of the states, an argument that he employed when countering restrictions to Missouri's admission to the Union as a slave state  
Barbour also defended Missouri's ban on free Black Americans entering the state  To those who argued that this ban was a violation of Article IV of the Constitution, he replied that banning free Black Americans was no different than banning destitute white men who would become a burden on the state  He argued that the term "citizen" did not apply to Black Americans, whether free or not His opposition to national restrictions on slave states served to foment his passion for states' rights but also develop his pro-slavery argument in politics  As a Congressman, Barbour was the first prominent politician to openly contest the constitutionality of protective tariffs 

Cohens v  Virginia
In Cohens v  Virginia (1821), Congressman Barbour represented the Commonwealth of Virginia to argue the issue of the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to hear the case, in which two men from Baltimore were convicted for selling D C  lottery tickets in Virginia  Barbour unsuccessfully argued that the Supreme Court lacked jurisdiction, since the law banning the sale of foreign lottery tickets was not meant to affect Virginia, rendering this a purely local issue  He also maintained that the suit was barred by the Eleventh Amendment, which prohibits suit against a state without its consent  However, Chief Justice Marshall held that the Court had jurisdiction based on the Supremacy Clause, Art  VI, cl  2  This case strengthened Barbour's reputation as an Old Republican leader in a political system in which Virginian influence was waning and power was shifting between parties with the election of Andrew Jackson as the seventh President of the United States 

Jacksonian Democratic-Republican Party
Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 led to the bifurcation of the Old Republican Party into the Jacksonian Democratic Republicans and the opposing National Republicans  Jackson formed the Democratic party on the foundation of Old Republican principles, such as Jefferson's displeasure with Hamilton's National Bank  During his two terms, President Jackson destroyed the Second Bank of the United States, and advocated for individual liberty, states' rights, and slavery 

State judge and second term in Congress
Barbour declined to run for re-election in 1824 and turned down an offer from Thomas Jefferson to become the professor of law in the University of Virginia in 1825  Instead, he accepted election by Virginia legislature as a judge of the General Court of Virginia succeeding the late Hugh Holmes  Barbour served for two years as a state judge 
In 1827, Barbour returned to his seat in the House of Representatives as a Jacksonian  For the first two years of his second stint in the House, he was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee 
In 1829, Barbour became one of the first Jeffersonian Old Republicans to join the Jacksonian Democrats in opposition to the National Bank  He fought to expose the Second Bank of the United States as a private enterprise, endowed with federal funds while only masquerading as a government institution  Although his anti-Bank campaign did not take hold, Barbour's advocacy for state sovereignty, the removal of the National Bank, and the legalization of slavery in territories such as Missouri earned him favor with President Andrew Jackson 
Also in 1829, while continuing to serve as a U S  Representative, Barbour became a delegate for the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830, and the Convention elected him their second president, after the Convention's first president, James Monroe, had to withdraw due to failing health on December 8  As such, Barbour (with distinguished Virginians such as Monroe, James Madison, and John Marshall) helped restrict discussion of slavery's role in the Commonwealth, and limited the rancorous assembly's debates to issues of representation and suffrage (Virginia had been one of the last states to allow only landowners to vote, and slaveholders had disproportionate power)  The resulting constitution was adopted in 1830, despite the votes against it from the state's northern and western areas (much of which ultimately split off to become West Virginia during the American Civil War decades after Barbour's death) 

Federal district judge and the 1832 campaign season
Barbour also turned down offers of a chancellorship and the post of U S  Attorney General before finally resigning his congressional seat October 15, 1830 to accept President Jackson's appointment to become judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia  Jackson appointed Barbour by recess appointment on October 8, 1830, to a seat on that court vacated by George Hay  Barbour was formally nominated on December 14, 1830, and two days later he was confirmed by the Senate, and received his commission, serving thereafter until March 17, 1836 In 1832, Democrats unhappy with the selection of Martin Van Buren as their party's vice-presidential nominee held a convention in Virginia, at which they nominated Jackson for president and Barbour for vice president  Barbour eventually withdrew his candidacy and endorsed the Jackson-Van Buren ticket, but the alternative Democratic ticket still appeared on the ballot in several Southern states 
Barbour also refused nominations for judge of the court of appeals, for Governor, and for United States Senator 
Although it was unknown whether Barbour could gain favor with voters outside Virginia, Barbour's campaigning on the Democratic ticket illuminated the similarities in parties and gained favor for the Democratic party   Voters reasoned that, if a man like Barbour, loyal to his party even when his fellow Virginians chose different principles, could switch to the Democratic party, then the Democrats must hold the same values  By joining the Jacksonian Democratic Party, Barbour entrenched Old Republican principles into a new political dynasty, therefore continuing the legacy of Jefferson and further validating the strength of Democratic principles  This was similar to Lincoln's argument that secession should not occur due to the state of perpetual Union that had existed since the first draft of the Constitution before the term "Union" was first used to describe the North during the Civil War  Therefore, Barbour's resignation allowed the second party system to coalesce by unifying the Democratic Party on the ideologies of war in the American system through the national reform retrenchment and economy, and a restoration of republican constitutionalism 

United States Supreme Court
Appointment
In 1835, Chief Justice Marshall's death and Justice Gabriel Duvall's resignation created two vacancies on the Supreme Court  President Jackson, at the end of his second Presidential term, nominated Judge Barbour to fill Duvall's vacancy  Nationalists feared Jackson's appointment of Barbour because Barbour's anti-administration Congressional legacy and Democratic beliefs suggested that he would attempt to undermine the federal supremacy achieved during the Marshall Court  This fear made the finalization of the decision an arduous process with two attempts at delaying the Senate's decision  On March 15, 1836, the Senate approved the appointment of Barbour by a vote of 30-11 

Tenure
Barbour served on the Supreme Court for five years  He heard 155 cases, for which he authored one major opinion and two dissents  His passion for states' rights, strict constructionism, and limits on federal power helped shape the legacy of the Taney Court 
During Barbour's first term (1837), he heard three cases that mitigated Marshall's accomplishment of judicial nationalism, Briscoe v  Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Charles River Bridge v  Warren Bridge, and New York v  Miln  Justice Barbour authored the majority opinion in New York v  Miln  In 1824, the state of New York passed a law that required all ship masters to provide a report delineating personal information of passengers in order to prevent smuggling and immigration of the impoverished for whom the state could not provide  Ship master Miln refused to comply with the law and was therefore jailed and fined  The case went to the Court on the issue of whether the statute violated the Commerce Clause, U S  Const , Art  1, § 8  Barbour held that the New York statute did not violate the Commerce Clause, because it was an exercise of the power granted to the state to "regulate their internal police and to take care that no detriment comes to the commonwealth " People were "not the subject of commerce, and not being imported goods, cannot fall within a train of reasoning founded upon the construction of a power given to Congress to regulate commerce and the prohibition to the states from imposing a duty on imported goods "  Justice Barbour argued that the statue was valid as an act of police power to protect the health and welfare of the community  Because it is within the powers of the state to have jurisdiction over its people and things within its territorial boundaries, then "the authority of a state is complete, unqualified, and exclusive "Justice Barbour's holding in Miln was supported by Taney's opinion in Charles River Bridge that the people have rights and it is the duty of both the state and the nation to preserve those rights in order to ensure the happiness and welfare of every citizen  Miln helped Barbour develop a states' rights constitutional vision for the Supreme Court, by narrowing the scope of federal commerce power while expanding state policing power  For both Briscoe v  Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky and Charles River Bridge v  Warren Bridge, Barbour voted with the majority, simultaneously gaining more power for states and weakening Marshall Court nationalism 
While Barbour did not spend enough time on the court to amass a large body of judicial opinions, he authored dissents in Kendall v  United States ex rel  Stokes (1838) and Holmes v  Jennison (1840)  These two dissents sought to diminish federal authority by supporting Jacksonian political aspirations and opposing restrictions to state sovereignty  Kendall dealt with judicial supervision of executive acts  In 1835, President Jackson appointed Amos Kendall the Postmaster General for the United States  A firm, Stockton and Stokes, had had a contract with the previous Postmaster General, and demanded payment of outstanding debts thereunder, which Kendall declined, in favor of the debt-ridden U S  Postal Service's other creditors 
The Court viewed Kendall as a proceeding against an Executive Branch official who acted within the scope of his powers  The Court dealt with the issues of whether it had jurisdiction to hear the case under Section 25 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 and whether it had the power to issue a writ of mandamus under Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 to an official of the Executive Branch  The majority held that the Supreme Court could issue a writ of mandamus to "compel the Postmaster General to perform any ministerial duty devolved on him by law " This issue and holding is similar to that in Marbury v  Madison (1803), which also involved writs of mandamus to an executive officer and held that the Supremacy Clause in Article VI and the notion of popular sovereignty granted the Court jurisdiction over state court cases and the power of judicial review to make legitimate and final rulings on constitutional questions 
Justices Taney and Catron concurred with Barbour's opinion that it was never within the scope of judicial power to control executive actions  Although Barbour believed that "Congress has the constitutional power to give to the federal judiciary …authority to issue the writ of mandamus," Barbour did not believe that the lower court had the "power to issue the writ in question"  Even though the Postmaster General was subject to direction and control of the President with respect of the duties imposed by law, when the law is 'ministerial,' Congress can limit and regulate the executive officials  Because Congress created the executive office, then Congress could monitor executive decisions, but the President is not controlled by the federal courts  While the majority opinion served to further define separation of powers by holding acts of the executive branch as subject to the rulings of the Supreme Court, Barbour's dissenting opinion sought to discourage judicial supervision of executive acts by applying President Jackson's departmental theory, the notion that the executive branch has the right to interpret the Constitution for itself  Barbour's opinion in Kendall demonstrated his loyalty to President Jackson's political agenda 
Barbour made his most powerful argument in favor of states' rights in Holmes v  Jennison (1840), which focused on the extradition of a fugitive from Vermont to Canada  In 1838, George Holmes, a resident of Quebec, was convicted of murdering Louis Paschal Achille Tache in Canada  Holmes escaped to the United States where he was detained under issue of warrant in Vermont  Silas H  Jennison, the governor of Vermont, issued the warrant stating that Holmes, being a citizen of the lower province of Canada, would be arrested and returned to suffer prosecution according to the Canadian justice system, even though the United States had no extradition treaty with Canada  Because the Vermont Supreme Court refused to issue a writ of habeas corpus, Holmes petitioned to the Supreme Court on grounds that he was unlawfully imprisoned and deprived of his personal liberties 
The case became a contentious debate further polarizing the Court between nationalists and states' rights Justices  Holmes focused on whether the Court had the authority to review the case based on Section 25 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 and whether the governor's warrant violated the Extradition Clause of Article IV, section 2 of the Constitution, which gave the federal government power to surrender a fugitive to a foreign government  Chief Justice Taney believed that the case fell within the Court's jurisdiction and that the federal government had the exclusive power to engage in foreign relations and so believed that the governor had violated the Extradition Clause 
However, as the Court divided 4-4 over the issue of jurisdiction, the Court dismissed the petition   The Vermont Supreme Court subsequently ordered Holmes released in light of the fact that five of the eight Justices expressed the opinion that the governor had violated the Extradition Clause, an expression of the principle that the Constitution gives state officers no power to take independent actions concerned with foreign governments  Barbour was one of the four Justices who disagreed with the Chief Justice  Barbour believed that, because "there is no treaty on the subject of surrendering fugitives," between Vermont and Canada, then the returning of fugitives to Canada did not violate a power granted to the federal government by the Constitution, and therefore the "authority, exercised by the Governor of Vermont, is not repugnant to the power of making treaties in its dormant state, because, in the language of the Chief Justice before cited, it is not the mere existence of the power but its exercise which is incompatible with the exercise of the same power by the states " Barbour opined that, because the Constitution did not explicitly define the affairs of states with foreign countries, Governor Jennison was completely within his rights to order the extradition 
Barbour's opinion in Holmes accorded with his opinion in New York v  Miln that the state has the duty to maintain the welfare of its people  Holmes v  Jennison provides an example of Barbour's strict reading of the Constitution, which allowed him to read a more pronounced states' rights view into the text 

Death and legacy
Barbour died of a coronary thrombosis on February 25, 1841, while asleep in his bed, and partway through the arguments of John Quincy Adams, who sought freedom for African captives in the Amistad Case  Justice Story (although opposing slavery and personally more nationalist than Barbour) eulogized Barbour as earning the respect of his colleagues by his commitment to personal values, persistence in fighting for his beliefs, and legal acumen Barbour owned fifty-four slaves at the time of the 1840 census An Episcopalian throughout his life, Philip Pendleton Barbour was buried in the Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D C  Barbour's long-time friend and fellow Virginian, Peter V  Daniel, succeeded him on the U S  Supreme Court, and continued Barbour's legacy of maintaining Jacksonian principles, states' rights, and strict constructionist reading of the Constitution Locations named after him include Barbour County, West Virginia, Philippi, West Virginia and its Philip Barbour High School 
Barbour's tenure on the Court demonstrated his loyalty to President Jackson's national vision while applying a narrowed reading of state's rights into the Constitution  Barbour's decisions in major Court cases created an enduring Jacksonian legacy on the Taney Court  Barbour's furtherance of Jacksonian principles of departmental theory in his Kendall dissent, his states' rights advocacy in his majority opinion in New York v  Miln, and textualist reading of the Constitution in order to distinguish state from Congressional power in his dissent in Holmes, all served in this regard 
Barbour's opinions began to unravel the work of Marshall's Court, and set a precedent for future cases as the country became more polarized



ground_truth: De As

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the father of Teobaldo Ii Ordelaffi born?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Barbour's arguments for the authority of the President to interpret the Constitution in Kendall, and those in defense of the states' police power in Cohens v  Virginia, allowed Chief Justice Taney to rule that slaves were not citizens in Dred Scott v  Sanford (1857)  Ironically, they were also used by President Abraham Lincoln to issue a suspension of habeas corpus in 1861 

See also
Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830
List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
Passage 2:
Obata Toramori
Obata Toramori (小畠虎盛, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" 
He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters  
He was the father of Obata Masamori 

See also
Isao Obata
Passage 3:
Arthur Beauchamp
Arthur Beauchamp (1827 – 28 April 1910) was a Member of Parliament from New Zealand  He is remembered as the father of Harold Beauchamp, who rose to fame as chairman of the Bank of New Zealand and was the father of writer Katherine Mansfield 

Biography
Beauchamp came to Nelson from Australia on the Lalla Rookh, arriving on 23 February 1861 He lived much of his life in a number of locations around the top of the South Island, also Whanganui when Harold was 11 for seven years and then to the capital (Wellington)  Then south to Christchurch and finally Picton and the Sounds  He had business failures and was bankrupted twice, in 1879 and 1884  He married Mary Stanley on the Victorian goldfields in 1854; Arthur and Mary lived in 18 locations over half a century, and are buried in Picton  Six of their ten children born between 1855 and 1893 died, including the first two sons born before Harold Beauchamp represented the Picton electorate from 1866 to 1867, when he resigned   He had the energy and sociability required for politics, but not the private income then required to be a parliamentarian  He supported the working man and the subdivision of big estates, opposed the confiscation of Māori land and was later recognised as a founding Liberal, the party that Harold supported and was a "fixer" for  Yska calls their life an extended chronicle of rootlessness, business failure and almost ceaseless family tragedy and Harold called his father a rolling stone by instinct  Arthur also served on the council of Marlborough Province and is best-remembered for a 10-hour speech to that body when an attempt was made to relocate the capital from Picton to Blenheim In 1866 he attempted to sue the Speaker of the House, David Monro  At the time the extent of privilege held by Members of Parliament was unclear; a select committee ruled that the case could proceed, but with a stay until after the parliamentary session 

See also
Yska, Redmer (2017)  A Strange Beautiful Excitement: Katherine Mansfield's Wellington 1888-1903  Dunedin: Otago University Press  pp  91–99  ISBN 978-0-947522-54-4 
Passage 4:
James Barbour (singer)
James Barbour (born April 25, 1966) is an American singer and theatre actor who played the title role in the Broadway production of The Phantom of the Opera from February 2015 until December 2017  Among his other credits are the Beast in Beauty and the Beast and Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities, for which he was nominated for a Drama Desk Award 
In 2008, Barbour pleaded guilty to two counts of endangering the welfare of a child, and he admitted to engaging in sexual activities with a 15-year-old on more than one occasion 

Early life and education
Barbour was born April 25, 1966, in Cherry Hill, New Jersey  He graduated from Hofstra University, where he majored in English and Theatre with a minor in Philosophy and Physics 

Career
Barbour made his Broadway debut in 1993, in the production of Cyrano: The Musical  He also played Billy Bigelow in Carousel in 1994 and the Beast in Beauty and the Beast in 1998  He was nominated for a Drama League Award in the Outstanding Actor In A Musical category for his role as Edward Rochester in Jane Eyre  He played Leon Czolgosz in Assassins  He also appeared in the Broadway production of Urinetown, and in the national tours of The Secret Garden and Camelot  He also co-founded Laughing Dog Entertainment with the theatre director Steve Binder He played Lancelot in the 2005 Hollywood Bowl production of Camelot  In late 2007, he performed the role of Sydney Carton in a pre-Broadway musical adaptation of Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities at the Asolo Repertory Theatre in Sarasota, Florida  In 2008, Barbour reprised his role in the Broadway production of A Tale of Two Cities, which closed after 60 performances  In the New York Times, critic Ben Brantley wrote that he disliked both the production and Barbour's performance in it  Barbour was nominated for the Drama League, Drama Desk, and Outer Critics Circle Awards in the Best Actor in a Musical category for his role in A Tale of Two Cities In 2011, it was announced that he would play the supporting role of Jack Favel in the Broadway musical adaptation of Rebecca  The production was plagued with legal and financial problems, and the production has been indefinitely postponed after multiple delays  Barbour then played the title role in the Broadway production of The Phantom of the Opera for nearly three years, from February 2015 until December 2017 He launched a holiday concert series at New York's Sardi's Restaurant in 2008  Each performance featured a guest performer, including Brandi Burkhardt, Natalie Toro, Deborah Gibson, Marla Schaffel, Marc Kudisch, and Kevin Earley  He repeated the holidays concerts in 2009 in both New York and Los Angeles  In 2010, he expanded these concerts to six cities  He followed this with a second Sardi's concert series, "Love Songs", featuring numerous Broadway classics  The annual holiday concert series has since moved to Birdland, a Manhattan jazz club In March 2017, Barbour's likeness was immortalized in a caricature portrait on the wall at Sardi's  The same year, he finished writing The Ghosts of the Majestic, a solo show about John Raitt, Robert Goulet, and Ezio Pinza, three notable actors that performed at the Majestic Theatre 

Personal life
Barbour is married to fellow performer Dana Stackpole, with whom he has two daughters He has been an Artist Committee Board member of The Actors Fund of America for since 2000 during which time he has performed many charitable fundraisers in support of the Fund and Broadway Cares/ Equity Fights AIDS  In 2014, he gave a fundraising performance for Scientology  He has given benefit concerts for his alma mater, Hofstra University 

Arrest
In April 2006, Barbour was arrested and charged with five counts of sexual abuse and sodomy, after a woman accused him of committing statutory rape against her in 2001, when she was 15 years old  In December 2006 he was indicted by a grand jury in New York for said crime In January 2008, Barbour pleaded guilty to two misdemeanor counts of endangering the welfare of a minor in exchange for a lesser sentence in jail and three years' probation  Also, in accordance with his plea bargain, Barbour made a public allocution to these misdemeanors  He served his sentence at Rikers Island, which lasted for 36 days beginning on February 29, 2008 

Broadway appearances
Cyrano: The Musical (1993)
Carousel (1994)
Beauty and the Beast (1998–1999)
Jane Eyre (2000)
Urinetown (2001)
Assassins (2004 & 2012)
A Tale of Two Cities (2008)
The Phantom of the Opera (2015-2017)

Filmography
Beauty and the Beast: A Concert on Ice (1996) (TV)
The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest (1996) (TV)
Cyrano: The Musical (1997) (TV)
Just Shoot Me! (1997) (TV)
Houdini (1998)
Sex and the City (1999) (TV)
Twinkle Toes (1999)
The District (2000) (TV)
That's Life (2001) (TV)
Eight Crazy Nights (2002)
Ed (2003) (TV)
Alchemy (2005)

Discography
Bring Me Giants (2010)
A Gift of Christmas (2009)
A Tale of Two Cities, The Musical: International Studio Cast Recording (2008)
Broadway in Concert (with Hershey Felder) (2007)
Dracula: The Musical Concept Recording
Jane Eyre – Original Cast Recording
Assassins – Broadway Cast Recording
Love Songs
The Gift

Awards
2001 Drama League Award – Edward Rochester, Jane Eyre ~ The Musical (WIN)
2006/7 LA Weekly Garland Award – Back From Broadway (WIN)
2007 Sarasota Magazine Award for Best Actor in a Musical – Sydney Carton, A Tale of Two Cities (WIN – Tie)
2008-2009 BroadwayWorld Fan Choice Award for Best Actor in a Musical – Sydney Carton, A Tale of Two Cities (Finalist /Runner-Up )
2009 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Actor in a Musical – Sydney Carton, A Tale of Two Cities (Nomination)
2009 Drama Desk Award for Best Actor in a Musical – Sydney Carton, A Tale of Two Cities (Nomination)
Passage 5:
Ross Barbour (footballer)
Ross Barbour (born 1 February 1993) is a Scottish semi-professional footballer who plays for Darvel in the West of Scotland League Premier Division 

Playing career
Kilmarnock
A member of Kilmarnock's under 19 squad, Barbour was promoted to the first team on 17 December 2011, where he was an unused substitute in their match against Dundee United  He went on to make his debut aged 19, on 7 April 2012 as a second-half substitute in a 6–0 defeat to champions Celtic  On 22 May 2014, Barbour signed a new two-year contract with the club 

Kirkintilloch Rob Roy
On 25 March 2016, Barbour signed for Junior club Kirkintilloch Rob Roy on a short-term contract after he was released by Kilmarnock 

Stranraer
Barbour signed for Stranraer in July 2016  After only one month at Stranraer, Barbour left the club, citing differences with Manager Brian Reid 

Troon
Barbour signed for Troon on 24 August 2016  after leaving Stranraer 

Linlithgow Rose
Upon the expiry of his contract at Troon, Barbour joined East of Scotland side Linlithgow Rose in July 2018, where he revelled in a previously unfamiliar midfield role  After the departure of Manager Mark Bradley, Barbour requested a move back to his native West Coast 

Troon return
On 24 October 2019  Barbour re-signed for Troon 

Career statistics
As of 30 August 2016
Passage 6:
Antwain Barbour
Antwain La'Mar Barbour (born June 27, 1982) is an American former professional basketball player who last played for Hoops Club of the Lebanese Basketball League 
Kentucky High School Sweet 16 State Champion 2000 (Elizabethtown) 
MVP Kentucky High School State Tournament 2000 

Career
After playing for Kentucky Wildcats at NCAA, Barbour joined Kentucky Colonels of ABA league in 2004 
Next season he played in the Continental Basketball Association with Yakima Sun Kings and on 2006 he arrives to Spain for finishing the 2005–06 LEB season with UB La Palma  He only played four games, but it was sufficient for signing for Tenerife Rural 
On the team of the island of Tenerife, Barbour played during two seasons and a half becoming one of the most spectacular players of the LEB League  He has got the scoring record at this league, with 50 points against CB Lucentum Alicante After two seasons reaching the promotion playoffs to Liga ACB and a half of another one, he leaves Tenerife for signing for Erdemir SK of the Turkish Basketball League  In this first season in Turkey, he becomes runner-up of the Turkish Cup Basketball and finishes the 2008–09 season saving the spot in the TBL  When he arrived, the team was in the 15th position On 2009, he returns to Spain to play at Lagun Aro GBC, team of the Liga ACB, the top Spanish basketball league  One year later, Barbour comes back to Zonguldak for playing again at Erdemir SK 
For the 2011–12 season, Antwain Barbour signed with KK Cibona On July 3, 2013, Barbour signed with Mersin BB  After a stint in Poland he came back with Mersin BB on December 10, 2014 
Passage 7:
Cleomenes II
Cleomenes II (Greek: Κλεομένης; died 309 BC) was king of Sparta from 370 to 309 BC  He was the second son of Cleombrotus I, and grandfather of Areus I, who succeeded him  Although he reigned for more than 60 years, his life is completely unknown, apart from a victory at the Pythian Games in 336 BC  Several theories have been suggested by modern historians to explain such inactivity, but none has gained consensus 

Life and reign
Cleomenes was the second son of king Cleombrotus I (r  380–371), who belonged to the Agiad dynasty, one of the two royal families of Sparta (the other being the Eurypontids)  Cleombrotus died fighting Thebes at the famous Battle of Leuctra in 371  His eldest son Agesipolis II succeeded him, but he died soon after in 370  Cleomenes' reign was instead exceptionally long, lasting 60 years and 10 months according to Diodorus of Sicily, a historian of the 1st century BC  In a second statement, Diodorus nevertheless tells that Cleomenes II reigned 34 years, but he confused him with his namesake Cleomenes I (r  524–490) 

Despite the outstanding length of his reign, very little can be said about Cleomenes  He has been described by modern historians as a "nonentity"  Perhaps that the apparent weakness of Cleomenes inspired the negative opinion of the hereditary kingship at Sparta expressed by Aristotle in his Politics (written between 336 and 322)  However, Cleomenes may have focused on internal politics within Sparta, because military duties were apparently given to the Eurypontid Agesilaus II (r  400–c 360), Archidamus III (r  360–338), and Agis III (r  338–331)  As the Spartans notably kept their policies secret from foreign eyes, it would explain the silence of ancient sources on Cleomenes  Another explanation is that his duties were assumed by his elder son Acrotatus, described as a military leader by Diodorus, who mentions him in the aftermath of the Battle of Megalopolis in 331, and again in 315 Cleomenes' only known deed was his chariot race victory at the Pythian Games in Delphi in 336  In the following autumn, he gave the small sum of 510 drachmas for the reconstruction of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, which had been destroyed by an earthquake in 373  Cleomenes might have made this gift as a pretext to go to Delphi and engage in informal diplomacy with other Greek states, possibly to discuss the consequences of the recent assassination of the Macedonian king Philip II One short witticism of Cleomenes regarding cockfighting is preserved in the Moralia, written by the philosopher Plutarch in the early 2nd century AD:
Somebody promised to give to Cleomenes cocks that would die fighting, but he retorted, "No, don't, but give me those that kill fighting "
As Acrotatus died before Cleomenes, the latter's grandson Areus I succeeded him while still very young, so Cleomenes' second son Cleonymus acted as regent until Areus' majority  Some modern scholars also give Cleomenes a daughter named Archidamia, who played an important role during Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese, but the age difference makes it unlikely 
Passage 8:
Roy Barbour
Roy Hilton Barbour (born 2 June 1935) is a Rhodesian former field hockey player  He competed in the men's tournament at the 1964 Summer Olympics 
Passage 9:
Sextus Barbour
Dr  Sextus Barbour (July 26, 1813 – December 20, 1848) was a prominent American physician and planter  As the son of Philip P  Barbour (May 25, 1783 – February 25, 1841), U S  Congressman from Virginia and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, Barbour was a scion of the Barbour political family 

Early life and education
Barbour was born on July 26, 1813, in Orange County, Virginia  He was the sixth child of Philip P  Barbour and his wife Frances Todd Johnson Barbour was a matriculant at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1834 

Writings
Sometime between 1839 and '43, Barbour wrote "Directions for Writing" which is widely cited in literature on writing and grammar:In notes in the third person, the address, and date, are to be placed, on the right side just below the last line  Both letters, and notes, are to be addressed, to the persons for whom they are intended, on the left side, of the lower part of the paper  The place of abode of the person to whom sent, to be first  This is the case when they are in the third person  The letter, or note should never be carried so, near the bottom, as not to have room for the usual conclusion, and signature or to crunch it  Postscripts should if possible be avoided, and, on no account should civilities be postponed to this part  All letters should be enveloped but such as are sent by the post  Nothing should be written when [?] the inside of the envelope; not must any address, be put on the enclosed letter  A half sheet to be used for the envelope 
A hiring agreement in 1846 between Barbour and his eldest brother Edmund Pendleton Barbour serves as a historically significant source for the safety of, hiring of, and caring for slaves  The agreement did not list a price for a slave's services but included the standard food and clothing clause along with an additional clause stating that "the boy Edwin not be allowed to cross the Libertyville millpond or the watercourse when it is high "

Death
Both Barbour and his brother Thomas Barbour, also a physician, died of cholera during the 1848-49 St  Louis cholera epidemic  The epidemic killed 4,500 people, one-tenth of the population of St  Louis  Barbour died on December 20, 1848, and his brother Thomas died the following year in June 1849 
Passage 10:
John Templeton (botanist)
John Templeton (1766–1825) was a pioneering Irish naturalist, sometimes referred to as the "Father of Irish Botany"  He was a leading figure in Belfast's late eighteenth century enlightenment, initially supported the  United Irishmen, and figured prominently in the town's scientific and literary societies 

Family
Templeton was born in Belfast in 1766, the son of James Templeton, a prosperous wholesale merchant, and his wife Mary Eleanor, daughter of Benjamin Legg, a sugar refiner  The family resided in a 17th century country house to the south of the town, which been named Orange Grove in honour of William of Orange who had stopped at the house en route to his victory over James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 Until the age of 16 Templeton attended a progressive, co-educational, school favoured by the town's liberal, largely Presbyterian, merchant class  Schoolmaster David Manson sought to exclude "drudgery and fear" by combining classroom instruction with play and experiential learning  Templeton counted among his schoolfellows brother and sister Henry Joy and Mary Ann McCracken, and maintained a warm friendship with them throughout his life In 1799, Templeton married Katherine Johnson of Seymour Hill  Her family had been touched by the United Irish rebellion the previous year: her brother-in-law, Henry Munro, commander of the United army at the Battle of Ballynahinch, had been hanged  The couple had five children: Ellen, born on 30 September 1800, Robert, born on 12 December 1802, Catherine, born on 19 July 1806, Mary, born on 9 December 1809 and Matilda on 2 November 1813 
The union between the two already prosperous merchant families provided more than ample means enabling Templeton to devote himself passionately to the study of natural history 

United Irishman
Like many of his liberal Presbyterian peers in Belfast, Templeton was sympathetic to the programme and aims of the Society United Irishmen:  Catholic Emancipation and democratic reform of the Irish Parliament  But it was several years before he was persuaded to take the United Irish "test" or pledge  In March 1797 his friend, Mary Ann McCracken, wrote to her brother: [A] certain Botanical friend of ours whose steady and inflexible mind is invulnerable to any other weapon but reason, and only to be moved by conviction has at last turned his attention from the vegetable kingdom to the human species and after pondering the matter for some months, is at last determined to become what he ought to have been months ago 
She hoped his sisters would "soon follow him " Having committed himself to the patriotic union of Catholic, Protestant and Dissenter, Templeton changed the name of the family home from loyalist Orange Grove to Irish "Cranmore" (crann mór, 'big tree')



ground_truth: Italy

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the place of birth of Sextus Barbour's father?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 
Templeton was disenchanted by the Rebellion of 1798, and mindful of events in France , repelled by the violence  He nonetheless withdrew from the Belfast Literary Society, of which he had been a founding member in 1801, rather than accept the continued presence of Dr  James MacDonnell  MacDonnell's offence had been to subscribe forty guineas in 1803 for the capture (leading to execution) of the unreformed rebel Thomas Russell who had been their mutual friend  (While unable to "forget the amiable Russell", time, he conceded,  "softened a little my feelings": in 1825, Templeton and MacDonnell met and shook hands) 

Garden
The garden at Cranmore spread over 13-acre garden was planted with exotic and native species acquired on botanical excursions, from fellow botanists, nurseries, botanical gardens and abroad: "Received yesterday a large chest of East Indian plants which I examined today " "Box from Mr  Taylor" Other plants arrived, often as seeds from North America, Australia, India, China and other parts of the British Empire  Cranmore also served as a small animal farm for experimental animal husbandry and a kitchen garden 

Botanist
John Templeton's interest in botany began with this experimental garden laid out according to a suggestion in Rousseau's 'Nouvelle Heloise' and following Rousseau's 'Letters on the Elements of Botany Here he cultivated many tender exotics out of doors (a list provided by Nelson and began botanical studies which lasted throughout his life and corresponded with the most eminent botanists in England Sir William Hooker, William Turner, James Sowerby and, especially Sir Joseph Banks, who had travelled on Captain James Cook's voyages, and in charge of Kew Gardens  Banks tried (unsuccessfully) to tempt him to New Holland (Australia) as a botanist on the Flinders's Expedition with the offer of a large tract of land and a substantial salary  An associate of the Linnean Society, Templeton visited London and saw the botanical work being achieved there  This led to his promotion of the Belfast Botanic Gardens as early as 1809, and to work on a Catalogue of Native Irish Plants, in manuscript form and now in the Royal Irish Academy, which was used as an accurate foundation for later work by succeeding Irish botanists  He also assembled text and executed many beautiful watercolour drawings for a Flora Hibernica, sadly never finished, and kept a detailed journal during the years 1806–1825 (both now in the Ulster Museum, Belfast) [1] Of the 12000 algal specimens in the Ulster Museum Herbarium about 148 are in the Templeton collection and were mostly collected by him, some were collected by others and passed to Templeton  The specimens in the Templeton collection in the Ulster Museum (BEL) have been catalogued  Those noted in 1967 were numbered: F1 – F48  Others were in The Queen's University Belfast  All of Templeton's specimens have now been numbered in the Ulster Museum as follows: F190 – F264; F290 – F314 and F333 – F334 
Templeton was the first finder of Rosa hibernicaThis rose, although collected by Templeton in 1795, remained undescribed until 1803 when he published a short diagnosis in the Transactions of the Dublin Society 

Early additions to the flora of Ireland include Sisymbrium Ligusticum seoticum (1793), Adoxa moschatellina (1820), Orobanche rubra and many other plants  His work on lichens was the basis of this secton of Flora Hiberica by James Townsend Mackay who wrote of him The foregoing account of the Lichens of Ireland would have been still more incomplete, but for the extensive collection of my lamented friend, the late Mr  John Templeton, of Cranmore, near Belfast, which his relict, Mrs  Templeton, most liberally placed at my disposal  I believe that thirty years ago his acquirements in the Natural History of organised beings rivalled that of any individual in Europe : these were by no means limited to diagnostic marks, but extended to all the laws and modifications of the living force  The frequent quotation of his authority in every preceding department of this Flora, is but a brief testimony of his diversified knowledge

Botanical Manuscripts
The MSS  left by Templeton consist of seven volumes  One of these is a small 8vo  half bound ; it is in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, and contains 280 pp  of lists of Cryptogams, chiefly mosses, with their localities  In this book is inserted a letter from Miss F  M  More, sister of Alexander Goodman More, to Dr  Edward Perceval Wright, Secretary, Royal Irish Academy, dated March, 1897, in which she says—‘*‘ The Manuscript which accompanies this letter was drawn up between 1794 and 1810, by the eminent naturalist, John Templeton, in Belfast  It was lent by his son, Dr  R  Templeton, to my brother, Alex  G  More, when he was preparing the second edition of the ‘ Cybele Hibernica,’ on condition that it should be placed in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy afterwards " The other six volumes are quarto size, and contain 1,090 folios, with descriptions of many of the plants, and careful drawings in pen and pencil and colours of many species  They are now lent to the Belfast Museum  About ten years ago I [Lett]spent a week in examining these volumes, and as their contents have hitherto never been fully described, I would like to give an epitome of my investigation of them 

Vol  1 —Phanerogams, 186 folios, with 15 coloured figures, and 6 small drawings in the text 
Vol  Il —Fresh-water Algae, 246 folios, 71 of which are coloured 
Vol IIl —Marine Algae, 212 folios, of which 79 are coloured figures  At the end of this volume are 3 folios of Mosses, the pagination of which runs with the rest of this volume, but it is evident they had at some time been misplaced 
Vol  IV Fungi, 112 folios 
Vol  V —Mosses, 117 folios, of which 20 are coloured, and also 73 small drawings in the text  *Vol  VI —Mosses and Hepatics  117 folios are Hepatics, 40 of which are in colours ; 96 folios are Mosses, of which 39 are full-page coloured figures; and in addition there are 3 small coloured drawings in the text All these drawings were executed by Templeton himself, they are every one most accurately and beautifully drawn; and the colouring is true to nature and artistically finished; those of the mosses and hepatics being particularly good  Templeton is not mentioned in Tate’s ‘‘ Flora Belfastiensis,’ published in 1863, at Belfast  The earliest published reference to his MSS  is in the "* Flora of Ulster," by Dickie, published in 1864, where there is this indefinite allusion—‘* To the friends of the late Mr  Templeton I am indebted for permission to take notes of species recorded in his manuscript " The MS  was most likely the small volume now in the Royal Irish Academy Library  In the introduction to the "*‘ Flora of the North-east of Ireland"’ (1888), there is a brief biographical sketch of Templeton, but no mention of any MS  However, in a ‘‘ Supplement" to the Flora (1894), there is this note— ‘* Templeton, John, four volumes of his ‘ Flora Hibernica’ at present deposited with the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, contain much original matter, which could not be worked out in time for the present paper " This fixes the approximate date of the MSS  being loaned to the Belfast Museum  They were not known to the authors of the ‘‘ Cybele Hibernica’"’ in 1866, while in the second edition (1898) the small volume of the MSS  in R 1 A  Library is described in the Index of Authors under its full title—Catalogue of the Native Plants of Ireland, by John Templeton, A L S 

Notable plant finds
Antrim:Northern beech fern Glenaan River, Cushendall 1809: intermediate wintergreen Sixmilewater 1794: heath pearlwort :Muck Island Islandmagee  1804: dwarf willow Slievenanee Mountain 1809: thin-leaf brookweed beside River Lagan in its tidal reaches – gone now 1797: Dovedale moss Cave Hill 1797: Arctic root Slemish Mountain pre 1825: Cornish moneywort  formerly cultivated at Cranmore, Malone Road, Belfast1 pre-1825 J  persisted to 1947: rock whitebeam  basalt cliffs of the Little Deerpark, Glenarm 15 July 1808: yellow meadow rue Portmore Lough 1800:  Moschatel Mountcollyer Deerpark 2 May 1820 , Bearberry  Fair Head pre 1825, Sea Bindweed Bushfoot dunes pre 1825,  Flixweed , 'Among the ruins of Carrickfergus I found Sisymbrium Sophia in plenty' 2 Sept  1812 – Journal of J  Templeton J4187, Needle Spike-rush Broadwater pre 1825, Dwarf Spurge Lambeg gravel pit 1804, Large-flowered Hemp-nettle, Glenarm  pre 1825
Down:
Field Gentian Slieve Donard 1796: Lesser Twayblade Newtonards Park pre 1825:  Rough poppy 15 July 1797: Six-stamened Waterwort Castlewellan Lake 1808: Great Sundew going to the mountains from Kilkeel 19 August 1808: Hairy Rock-cress Dundrum Castle 1797: Intermediate Wintergree Moneygreer Bog 1797 Cowslip Holywood Warren pre 1825 long gone since: Water-violet Crossgar 7th July 1810 Scots Lovage Bangor Bay 1809, Mountain Everlasting  Newtownards 1793, Frogbit boghole near Portaferry, Parsley fern, Slieve Binnian, Mourne Mountains  19 August 1808, Bog-rosemary Wolf Island Bog 1794,  Marsh Pea Lough Neagh
Fermanagh: Marsh Helleborine

Natural History of Ireland
John Templeton had wide-ranging scientific interests including chemistry as it applied to agriculture and horticulture, meteorology and phenology following Robert Marsham  He published very little aside from monthly reports on natural history and meteorology in the 'Belfast Magazine' commenced in 1808  John Templeton studied birds extensively, collected shells, marine organisms (especially "Zoophytes") and insects, notably garden pest species  He planned a 'Hibernian Fauna' to accompany 'Hibernian Flora'  This was not published, even in part, but A catalogue of the species annulose animals and of rayed ones found in Ireland as selected from the papers of the late J Templeton Esq  of Cranmore with localities, descriptions, and illustrations Mag  Nat  Hist  9: 233- 240; 301 305; 417–421; 466 -472[2], 1836   Catalogue of Irish Crustacea, Myriapoda and Arachnoida, selected from the papers of the late John Templeton Esq  Mag  Nat  Hist  9: 9–14 [3] and 1837 Irish Vertebrate animals selected from the papers of the late  John Templeton Esq Mag  Nat  Hist   1: (n  s ): 403–413 403 -413 were (collated and edited By Robert Templeton)  Much of his work was used by later authors, especially by William Thompson whose 'The Natural History of Ireland' is its essential continuation 

Dublin
Templeton was a regular visitor to the elegant Georgian city of Dublin (by 1816 the journey was completed in one day in a wellington coach with 4 passengers) and he was a Member of the Royal Dublin Society By his death in 1825 the Society had established a Botanic at Glasnevin "with the following sections:
1 The Linnaean garden, which contains two divisions, - Herbaceous plants, and shrub-fruit; and forest-tree plants 
2  Garden arranged on the system of Jussieu  3  Garden of Indigenous plants (to Ireland), disposed according to the system of Linnaeus  4  Kitchen Garden, where six apprentices are constantly employed, who receive a complete knowledge of systematic botany  5  Medicinal plants  6  Plants eaten, or rejected, by cattle  7  Plants used in rural economy  8  Plants used in dyeing  9  Rock plants  10  Aquatic and marsh plants  - For which an artificial marsh has been formed  11  Cryptogamics  12  Flower garden, besides extensive hot-houses, and a conservatory for exotics" 
Other associations were with Leinster House housing the RDS Museum and Library 
"Second Room  Here the animal kingdom is displayed, arranged in six classes  1  Mammalia  2  Aves  3  Amphibia  4  Pisces  5  Insectae  6  Vermes  Here is a great variety of shells, butterflies and beetles, and of the most beautiful species" and the Leske collection 
The library at Leinster House held 12,000 books and was particularly rich in  works on botany; "amongst which is a very valuable work in four large folio volumes, "Gramitia Austriaca" [Austriacorum Icones et descriptions graminum]; by Nicholas Thomas Host" Templeton was also associated with theFarming Society funded 1800, the 
Kirwanian Society  founded 1812, Marsh's Library, Trinity College Botanic Garden  Four acres supplied with both exotic and indigenous plants,the Trinity Library (80,000 volumes) and Trinity Museum Also the Museum of the College of Surgeons 

Death and legacy
Never of strong constitution, he was not expected to survive, he was in failing health from 1815 and died in 1825 aged only 60, "leaving a sorrowing wife, youthful family and many friends and townsmen who greatly mourned his death"  The Australian leguminous genus Templetonia is named for him 
In 1810 Templeton had supported the veteran United Irishman, William Drennan, in the foundation of the Belfast Academical Institution  With the staff and scholars of the Institution's early Collegiate Department, he then helped form the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society (the origin of both the Botanical Gardens and what is now the Ulster Museum) 
Although always ready to communicate his own findings, Templeton did not publish much  Robert Lloyd Praeger (1865-1953), editor of the Irish Naturalist and President of the Royal Irish Academy, described him nonetheless as "the most eminent naturalist Ireland has produced" Templeton's son, Robert Templeton (1802-1892), educated at the Belfast Academical Institution (which was eventually to acquire Cranmore House), became an entomologist renowned for his work on Sri Lankan arthropods  Robert's fellow pupil James Emerson Tennent went on to write Ceylon, Physical, Historical and Topographical

Contacts
Thomas Martyn From 1794 supplied Martyn with many remarks on cultivation for Martyn's edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary 
George Shaw
James Edward Smith Contributions to English Botany and Flora Britannica
James Lee
Samuel Goodenough
Aylmer Bourke Lambert
James Sowerby
William Curtis
Joseph Banks
Robert Brown 
Lewis Weston Dillwyn's Contributions to British Confervæ (1802–07)
Dawson Turner Contributions to British Fuci (1802), and Muscologia Hibernica (1804) 
John Walker
Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings
John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel
Jonathan Stokes
Walter Wade

Other
John Templeton maintained a natural history cabinet containing specimens from Calobar, New Holland and The Carolinas as well as is Ireland cabinets  His library included Rees's Cyclopædia and works by Carl Linnaeus, Edward Donovan and William Swainson s:Zoological Illustrationsand he used a John Dollond microscope and lenses  He made a tour of Scotland with Henry MacKinnon  His diaries record the Comet of 1807 and the Great Comet of 1811 

Gallery
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See also
Late Enlightenment
James Townsend Mackay



ground_truth: Gordonsville, Virginia