prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both Beauty And The Bad Man and Wild Child (Film) films have the directors from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Betty Hall
Beatrice Perin Barker Hall (March 18, 1921 – April 26, 2018) was an American politician from the state of New Hampshire  Hall served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives for a total of 28 years, serving non-consecutively from 1970 until 2008 
Hall grew up in New York City, where she attended Barnard College  In 1948, she and her husband moved to the town of Brookline, New Hampshire, where they started a textile manufacturing firm  Beginning in the 1950s and early 1960s, Hall began participating in local politics, serving on several boards and commissions in Brookline  Hall was elected to the Brookline school board in 1963, and in 1972, she was elected to the town board of selectmen 
Hall's career in statewide politics began in 1970 when she was elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party  In 1986, Hall switched her party affiliation to the Democratic Party, citing the Republican Party's shift towards conservatism during the Reagan Era  During her political career, Hall was described as a firebrand who frequently bucked her party  While a Republican, Hall was seen as a liberal member of that party, and was considered to be a political enemy by conservative leaders  In the Democratic Party, Hall was a member of the grassroots base, challenging the party's establishment in a 2007 campaign for chairman of the New Hampshire Democratic Party 
In the 2000s, Hall became nationally known for her activism  In 2004, she was arrested for disorderly conduct for her participation in a protest against President George W  Bush; she was later acquitted of the charge  In 2008, Hall introduced New Hampshire House Resolution 24, which would have petitioned the United States Congress to introduce articles to impeach President Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney for their actions leading to and during the Iraq War  While the bill ultimately failed, it generated a large amount of media coverage 

Pre-political life and career
Early life and education
Beatrice Perin Barker was born on March 18, 1921, in Koblenz, Germany, where her father Joseph Warren Barker, a United States Army officer, served as the administrator of a military district following World War I  After leaving the military, Barker's father completed his education in engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving an academic position at the institution  He later became the Dean of Engineering at Columbia University, and she primarily grew up in New York City  This led to Barker's entry into academia, as her father's position at Columbia University brought prominent scientists such as Enrico Fermi and Harold Urey to their home for dinner where Barker would serve as a hostess  In 1937, her mother Mary died when Barker was 16 Barker attended the Horace Mann School and later studied engineering at Barnard College  Barker would later do graduate work at the University of New Hampshire, Boston University, and the College of the Holy Cross 

Family and career
After graduating from Barnard College in 1943, Barker worked as an engineer at Western Electric  During World War II, she helped manufacture vacuum tubes for radar equipment, and her father served as a special assistant to Frank Knox, the United States Secretary of the Navy On May 27, 1944, she married Sidney Leavitt Hall, an engineer from Concord, New Hampshire, leaving her job at Western Electric to join her husband in Ohio, where he was undergoing training with the United States Air Force in order to fight in World War II  However, the war ended before he was sent overseas, and in 1948, the couple moved to Brookline, New Hampshire, a town of 800 people in Hillsborough County  Hall's grandmother, Florence Hobart Perin, was a resident of Brookline, and Hall had frequently visited and spent several summers in the town during her youth  Sidney Hall initially worked at Textron, and in 1951, the couple started a textile manufacturing firm called Hall Manufacturing Company, which was informally known as Hall Tote Bags  The company produced stitching for dry-cleaners, as well as steam air covers for dry-cleaning machines  Later, the company became locally famous for the tote bags they produced, as well as other stitched products  Hall and her husband were members of the local Church of Christ, and she was credited with uniting the Brookline Methodist and Congregationalist churches into one single church In 1957, Hall received a fellowship from the National Science Foundation  Hall served as the assistant manager for Hall Manufacturing Co  until 1962, whereupon she became a science and mathematics teacher in Groton, Massachusetts  Hall transferred to Fairgrounds Junior High School in Nashua, New Hampshire, in 1964, and taught mathematics there until 1972  In 1968, Hall was awarded a grant by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement in order to start an experimental "Mathematics Learning Laboratory" at her school  She had also been invited to academic conferences, such as the Advanced Modern Math Institute, which was sponsored by Science Research Associates Sidney Hall died in 1987 at the age of 66  Hall and her husband had 4 sons and 1 daughter  One of their sons, Sidney Hall Jr , is a locally-known author   Following her husband's death, Hall solely ran Hall Manufacturing Co , and the company was featured in a White House symposium on small businesses in 1994  Hall Manufacturing Co  closed in 2001 

Early political career
Local politics
During the 1950s and 1960s, Hall became very active in local politics, serving on numerous boards and committees in Brookline, including the board of assessors and the town finance committee  In 1961, Hall was defeated in an election for Brookline library trustee  In 1963, Hall was elected unopposed to the Brookline school board  She was re-elected in 1966, defeating future state representative Eben Bartlett and another candidate  In 1969, Hall was re-elected for her third and final term on the school board  She served as the chairman of the school board from 1964 until 1968 and again in 1971  She served a total of 9 years on the school board In 1967, Hall ran for the Brookline board of selectmen; however, she was defeated by Walter W  Frost, receiving 138 votes to Frost's 152  In 1972, Hall served as the chairman of the Brookline Republican Town Committee  Later that year, Hall again ran for the Brookline board of selectmen to succeed the retiring Grover C  Farwell, defeating two candidates to win a three-year term as selectman  Following her election to the board of selectmen, Hall did not seek another term for the school board and resigned as a teacher  In 1974, Hall served as the chairman of the board of selectmen 

Early 1970s
In 1970, Hall ran for the New Hampshire House of Representatives in Hillsborough County's 13th district as a member of the Republican Party  Hall had decided to run for state office because she "realized she was not accomplishing what she wanted to" in local office  She was recruited to run by Governor Walter R  Peterson Jr  Hall and fellow Republican Daniel Brocklebank were elected with 43% and 41% of the vote, respectively  In 1972, Hall ran for re-election in Hillsborough County's 12th district, and was elected unopposed alongside fellow Republican Jack Boyd  During the 1970s, Hall held multiple positions in the local Republican Party, serving as a member of the Republican state committee the Hillsborough County Republican Party Executive Committee 

1974 state senate campaign
In 1974, Hall ran for the 12th district of the New Hampshire Senate, running to replace retiring Republican incumbent Frederick A  Porter  In the Republican primary, Hall faced fellow state representative D  Alan Rock, as well as Milford town selectman Frederic Fletcher, a former state senator and former member of the Executive Council  During the primary, Hall campaigned via bicycle, cycling a total of 1,000 miles through the 26 towns in the district  Hall won the primary election, narrowly defeating Rock  Despite Hall placing second in her hometown of Brookline and only winning two towns, Amherst and Hollis, both towns gave her large margins  Additionally, she placed second in nearly every other town in the district, offsetting the large margin by which Rock won in Nashua  Official sources conflict on the final vote tally: the New Hampshire General Court officially reported that Hall received 1,544 votes, Rock received 1,485 votes, and Fletcher received 1,198 votes, giving Hall a winning margin of just 59 votes  However, a recount found that the margin was actually 114 votes in favor of Hall, with the town of Amherst alone overcounting 50 ballots in favor of Rock; however, the results of the recount are not officially recorded  Hall's campaign expenditure for the primary was $1,470 While there was no official Democratic Party candidate running in the heavily Republican district, both Hall and Rock also contested the Democratic primary as write-in candidates  Rock won the Democratic write-in nomination, with official sources again conflicting on the tally: the New Hampshire General Court reported that Rock received 72 votes to Hall's 71, a margin of just one vote, while a recount reportedly increased Rock's margin to 3 votes During the general election campaign, Rock was heavily supported by William Loeb III, the publisher of the Manchester Union Leader, an influential conservative newspaper  Rock frequently used the newspaper's front page to promote his campaign  While Hall was endorsed by the Nashua Telegraph, her campaign did not have the media capabilities that Rock's did, and Rock ultimately won the general election, defeating Hall by a margin of 53% to 47%  Judd Gregg, then the chairman of the Nashua Republican Party, alleged that the party's campaign literature had been tampered with; specifically, Gregg alleged that an individual had switched out Hall's campaign literature from several envelopes and replaced it with Rock's campaign literature before they were sent out to voters in Nashua  However, Hall stated that she did not believe the incident had influenced the end result of the election  Hall was succeeded in the state house by Republican Dorothy Foss Colson 

Late 1970s and early 1980s
In 1975, Hall became the chairman of the New Hampshire branch of Common Cause, a lobbying group that opposes corruption and promotes campaign finance reform  In this role, Hall advocated for good government  In the 1976 presidential election, Hall criticized Republican candidate Ronald Reagan and independent candidate Eugene McCarthy for being the only two major candidates who had not agreed to the campaign standards proposed by Common Cause  She later criticized all the presidential candidates for not discussing the costs of the programs they propose  Hall left the position in September 1977 In 1978, Hall was elected back to the New Hampshire House of Representatives for Hillsborough County's 12th district  Hall and fellow Republican Eliot B  Ware won with 36% and 31% of the vote  Hall and Ware were re-elected unopposed in 1980 In November 1980, Rock, who had still serving as the state senator for the 12th district, died of cancer just three days after winning re-election  Hall was one of four candidates vying for the Republican nomination for the February 1981 special election; instead of being elected in a primary election, the party nominee was instead to be selected by delegates of the Hillsborough County Republican Party  Hall's campaign for the nomination was heavily opposed by Robert B  Monier, the influential Republican president of the New Hampshire Senate, who viewed Hall as a political opponent  Monier instead supported John Stabile, a Nashua businessman and the New Hampshire campaign chair for John Connally's 1980 presidential campaign  The other Republican candidates were state representatives Joanne Head, Philip Labombarde, and Emma Wheeler  Despite an initial convention ending in deadlock, with 9 delegates voting for Hall and the other 9 for Stabile, the party reconvened and ultimately selected Stabile to be the Republican nominee  Stabile would go on to defeat Democratic state representative Selma Pastor and independent candidate Mark Knox, a Nashua alderman, in the special election In 1982, Hall ran for the 11th district of the New Hampshire Senate to replace retiring Republican incumbent Arthur Mann  Hall placed third in the Republican primary, losing to fellow state representative Jean T  White; Hall received 29% of the vote, while White received 40%  The second-place candidate, state representative Richard Amidon, received 31% of the vote  However, Hall won the Democratic nomination as a write-in candidate, receiving 199 votes compared to White's 81 and Amidon's 55  Hall was defeated by White in the general election, receiving 4,668 votes to White's 6,632 

Party switch and later political career
Late 1980s and 1990s
In 1986, Hall switched to the Democratic Party, citing the Republican Party's shift towards conservatism  That year, Hall ran as a Democrat for the state house in Hillsborough County's 16th district  Hall defeated incumbent Republican state representative Barbara Fried, who had been facing charges of embezzlement after it was revealed she used her position as Greenville town clerk to embezzle $10,000 in fees  Hall received 642 votes, while Fried received 555  Hall was narrowly re-elected in 1988, defeating Republican candidate Shirley A  Morley by just 54 votes out of 2,274 cast  Hall was re-elected in 1990, defeating former Republican state representative Webster E  Bridges, 56% to 44% In 1992, Hall ran for re-election in Hillsborough County's 20th district  Hall and Republican Thomas I  Arnold were elected, receiving 1,488 votes and 1,384 votes, respectively  Hall and Arnold had previously served together on the Brookline school board in the 1960s, where Arnold was the school board's moderator  The two were re-elected unopposed in 1994  In 1996, they were again re-elected, with Hall receiving 46% of the vote and Arnold receiving 36%  In 1996, Hall served as the chairman of the Hillsborough County Democratic Party  In 1998, Hall and Arnold were again re-elected  Arnold received 1,063 votes, while Hall received 1,001 Hall was an early supporter of Bill Clinton in the 1992 United States presidential election, and was a delegate for Clinton at the 1996 Democratic Party convention  Hall also praised Richard Lugar during the 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries, supporting his tax policy and stating that he seemed honest 

2000s
In 2000, Hall and Arnold were re-elected unopposed  In 2002, Hall ran for re-election in Hillsborough County's 46th district  However, Hall was defeated in the general election, placing fifth with 12% of the vote In 2004, Hall was arrested and charged with disorderly conduct at a protest against President George W  Bush in Nashua  Hall, who was 83 at the time, was sitting in a chair outside the designated area for protestors, and was close to the presidential motorcade route  Hall was also holding a sign that said, "Bush is bad for America"  After Hall refused to move, three police officers picked Hall up, "chair, cane, and all", carrying her away and arresting her  A photographer captured the arrest, and the incident became national news  Hall was acquitted in September 2004 after Nashua District Court judge Clifford Kinghorn ruled that the evidence provided did not fit the charge of disorderly conduct; Kinghorn stated that "the police had no authority under state law to make Hall move because she wasn't getting in their way"  Hall also explained that she had originally written the law that was being applied to her case Later in 2004, Hall ran again for the state house for Hillsborough County's 5th district  Hall won, placing fourth with 13% of the vote  In the 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Hall was a supporter of Howard Dean's campaign  Hall was re-elected in 2006, placing fourth and receiving 13% of the vote; Hall narrowly defeated fellow incumbent Donald Ryder, a Republican, receiving just 25 more votes than him In 2007, Hall announced her candidacy for chairman of the New Hampshire Democratic Party  Her main opponent was Raymond Buckley, the vice chair of the state party and an executive member of the Democratic National Committee  During the campaign, Buckley, who was considered to be the frontrunner, was falsely accused of possessing child pornography by former state representative Steve Vaillancourt, who had been a former friend of his  Buckley was exonerated following an official state investigation, and Vaillancourt later stated that he had exaggerated in the allegations  Later in the campaign, Joe Kelly Levasseur, the chairman of the Manchester Republican Party, posted an old home video of Buckley to YouTube, in which Buckley, who is openly gay, is seen "cursing and unzipping his pants", as well as highlighting Buckley's membership in a MySpace group called "Gays in New Hampshire"  Despite this, Buckley maintained his support amongst statewide Democrats, with the exception of U S  representative Paul Hodes, who withdrew his support for Buckley following the release of the video  Buckley ultimately defeated Hall, receiving 109 votes to Hall's 17  A third candidate, former state house Democratic Leader Jim Craig, withdrew following Buckley's exoneration, but remained on the ballot 

Proposed impeachment of George W  Bush
In 2008, Hall again gained national prominence for introducing a bill in the New Hampshire House of Representatives which would petition the United States Congress to introduce articles to impeach President Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney for high crimes and misdemeanors relating to the Iraq War  The bill accused Bush and Cheney of electioneering, torture, unlawful surveillance, misleading Congress, and violating the United Nations Charter by engaging in an unlawful aggressive war, as well as other alleged crimes  The bill, New Hampshire House Resolution 24, cited section 603 of Jefferson's Manual, which states that "an impeachment may be set in motion by the United States House of Representatives by charges transmitted from the legislature of a state"  In 1973, Hall had opposed a similar bill calling for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon Hall campaigned for impeachment alongside U S  representative Dennis Kucinich, whose campaign she supported in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries  Hall's bill was supported by Pentagon Papers leaker Daniel Ellsberg, former US attorney general Ramsey Clark, and former director of the Strategic Defense Initiative Robert M  Bowman  However, the bill also had several outspoken opponents, such as Republican state representative David Hess, who stated he had "never seen a document more vitriolic and more inflammatory" In February 2008, the House State-Federal Relations and Veterans Affairs Committee voted 10-5 to recommend that the House not vote for the bill  In April 2008, the state house voted 227-95 to table the resolution, effectively killing the legislation  Some Democrats who voted in favor of tabling the bill, such as state representatives Ray Gagnon and Susan Almy, both of whom said they supported the bill in principle, stated that the bill would take away time that could be spent fixing everyday issues  Bernie Benn, another Democratic state representative, stated that impeachment would be too divisive 

Independent candidacies
Later in 2008, Hall ran for the 12th district of the New Hampshire Senate as an independent candidate, despite still being a registered Democrat  Hall placed a distant third with just 10% of the vote  Democrat Peggy Gilmour won with 47% of the vote, while Republican state representative Paul LaFlamme received 43%  In 2010, Hall officially switched her party registration to independent, stating that she "wanted to make a statement [that] neither party was doing what they should be"  That year, Hall ran as an independent candidate for the New Hampshire House of Representatives in Hillsborough County's 5th district  However, Hall placed seventh out of eight candidates, receiving just 6% of the vote in the district she formerly represented  In 2012, Hall ran as an independent candidate for the state house in Hillsborough County's 12th district  She placed last out of five candidates, receiving 10% of the vote 

Death
Hall died on April 26, 2018, of congestive heart failure in Petersburgh, New York  At the time of her death, Hall had 5 children, 12 grandchildren, and 21 great-grandchildren 

Tenure
During her tenure with both the Republican and Democratic parties, Hall frequently challenged her party's political establishment  While in the Republican Party, Hall was seen as a member of the party's liberal wing; she was an objector to the Vietnam War and opposed an attempt to outlaw abortion, with Hall stating, "I don't think I should legislate my religious beliefs on someone else"  While a Democrat, Hall was seen as a firebrand emblematic of the party's grassroots base, challenging the Democratic establishment by opposing Buckley in 2007 and leading the attempt to impeach Bush  Hall was described as "a giant among the moral compass-holders in the community" While in the state house, Hall's primary issues were the government integrity and campaign finance reform  Hall was also an advocate for mental health issues  She served as the first president of Milford Regional Counseling Services in the 1970s, and later founded Harbor Homes, an organization that provides transitional housing for people with mental illness  In the 1960s, Hall was also the president of the Waban Association for Retarded Children 

Economy, regulation, and taxation
In 1989, Hall led opposition towards a bill which would introduce new regulations against gravel pit operators  However, the following week, in what was described as "parliamentary shenanigans", the bill was revived, amended, and passed in both chambers of the state legislature  Later in 1989, Hall sponsored a bottle bill which would have introduced a 5-cent deposit on bottles and cans in order finance recycling centers  The bill also called for bottles and cans to be recycled instead of reused  Hall sponsored a similar bill in 1979, which would have imposed a tax ranging from $25 to $9,000 a year on businesses in order to fund litter control and recycling In 1990, New Hampshire's economy collapsed and the state fell heavily into debt  Hall opposed a bill which would order the state to repay all of its bills within 30 days, stating that it didn't solve the problem and "would only make us think we're doing something"  Hall also opposed a budget which would marginally cut spending and levy small taxes, such as a 4-cent cigarette tax and a 5% phone tax, stating that "cutting 10 percent and 20 percent isn't going to do  Nickel and dime taxes aren't going to do it either"  She was instead supportive of the legislature stepping back and allow the governor to "reduce spending any way he could"  Hall had previously opposed the state budget in 1979 due to the inclusion of a 1-cent gas tax  In 2007, Hall supported legislation pushed by the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which would "reduce carbon pollution from power plants, lower energy bills and strengthen our economy" 

Education
Throughout her career, Hall supported the breaking up of cooperative school districts  Cooperative school districts, known as school administrative units (SAUs), were school districts consisting of multiple towns  Hall said that wealthier, smaller towns would be forced to disproportionately fund an SAU when grouped with poorer, larger towns  She also said the small towns were effectively trapped in the SAU as long as the larger towns were able to out-vote the smaller towns In 1971, Hall sponsored legislation which would establish a volunteer corps to provide assistance and counseling to minors who violated the law  In 1973, she sponsored a bill which would create a scholarship program for college students from New Hampshire  After a first attempt failed in the House, the bill was amended to apply only to students attending in-state colleges  The program would provide matching funds for college students: the state would allocate 25 cents for every dollar given by a private scholarship  During her 2008 state senate campaign, Hall stated that she opposed funding education from property taxes, instead supporting a "pay-as-you-go" model 

Government integrity and reform
In 1972, Hall supported an election reform bill which would restrict candidates from working in polling places in which their name was on the ballot  She was the only representative from a small town to support the bill  Introduced by state representative Chris Spirou, the bill had public support, but faced heavy opposition in the House after being "verbally beaten into the ground by many state representatives from small towns who double as election officials in their home communities"  In her support for the bill, Hall said that it could allow for more people to become involved in the political process 
While with Common Cause in 1977, Hall supported a state ethics commission to watch over the state legislature, stating that at the time New Hampshire was the only state that didn't have conflict-of-interest legislation  In 1979, Hall supported a rule change in the state house that would require all members of the House to list their sources of income  In the mid-2000s, Hall stated her concerned with the outsourcing of New Hampshire's vote counting systems to private companies, citing security and integrity concerns  In 2006, Hall proposed a bill which would make primary and general election days a state holiday  The same year, Hall supported a rules change in the state house which would end segregated party seating, which she said increased partisanship by keeping members of opposing parties separated from each other  During her independent candidacies, Hall also advocated for elections to be publicly funded in order to limit the effects of corporate influence on elections  Due to her work on campaign finance reform, Hall was frequently compared to Doris Haddock, who she was friends with, and with whom she collaborated on election reform issues with 

Notes
Passage 2:
William Worthington (actor)
William Worthington (April 8, 1872 in Troy, New York – April 9, 1941 in Beverly Hills, California) was an American silent film actor and director 

Career
Worthington became interested in the performing arts when he began his career as an opera singer and stage actor  He entered films with a lead role in 1913, and one of his more notable films was Damon and Pythias in 1914  From 1917 to 1925, William concentrated on directing films and was the head of a film production firm called Multicolor, which was bought by Cinecolor in 1932  He was active in films up until his death in 1941 

Filmography
Actor
Director
See also
Multicolor
Passage 3:
Wild Child (film)
Wild Child is a 2008 teen comedy film directed by Nick Moore and starring Emma Roberts, Natasha Richardson, Shirley Henderson, Alex Pettyfer and Aidan Quinn, with Georgia King, Kimberley Nixon, Juno Temple, Linzey Cocker and Sophie Wu  Roberts portrays Poppy Moore, a wealthy and spoiled American teenager who is sent to a boarding school in England by her widowed father, where she soon learns the true meaning of life and friendship  This was Richardson's final film role before her death the following year 

Plot
Poppy Moore, a wealthy but spoiled and rebellious teenager from Malibu, California, damages and discards the belongings of her widowed father's new girlfriend, Rosemary  She grabs a handful of Rosemary's clothes and jumps into the ocean just as her furious father, Gerry, arrives  Gerry announces he will be sending Poppy to Abbey Mount, a boarding school in England, in the hopes that attending the school will turn her life around  When Poppy arrives at Abbey Mount, she is warmly greeted by the headmistress Mrs  Kingsley, and later the head girl, Harriet Bentley, who is disgusted by her sense of entitlement  Poppy learns to her dismay that the bedrooms are communal and is introduced to Kate, Josie, Kiki and Jennifer, also known as "Drippy"  She is initially hostile towards her new roommates upon meeting them, and her behaviour gets them into trouble when she insults the Matron, who confiscates their cellphones and gives them three weeks of detention 
When Kate asks Poppy about her mother, she reveals that she died in a car crash when Poppy was eleven years old  Kate lets Poppy use her actual cellphone to message her friend from back home, Ruby, who is secretly cheating with Poppy's boyfriend, Roddy  The girls decide to help Poppy get expelled from Abbey Mount by carrying out several pranks, which gradually brings them closer together  When none of their plans work, they decide to have Poppy seduce Mrs  Kingsley's son, Freddie, who is forbidden from fraternizing with the female students  After the girls go shopping at a charity shop, they take Poppy to a hair salon for a makeover, where hairdresser Mr  Christopher removes her blonde hair dye and reveals her natural brunette hair  At the school dance, Freddie rejects Harriet in favour of dancing with Poppy, much to Harriet's dismay  Poppy trips on the dancefloor and Freddie takes her outside for fresh air, where he asks her out on a date  
The next day, Poppy discovers her newfound talent for lacrosse and becomes the team's new captain  After several weeks of practicing and improving their skills, the team advances to the finals for the first time since 1976  Finding themselves falling in love with one another, Poppy and Freddie go for a drive in the countryside, where Freddie takes Poppy out for lunch and they kiss  Poppy returns to school only to find her roommates reading an email allegedly written by her, suggesting she was pretending to be friends with them so she could get herself expelled and return to Malibu  Poppy claims she did not write the emails, but the girls refuse to listen and walk out on her  When Freddie receives a similar email, Poppy tries to explain herself, but he slams the door in her face  With no one else to turn to, Poppy sneaks into the kitchen and calls Ruby, who accidentally reveals her affair with Roddy and hangs up on her  
Feeling even more alone, Poppy starts playing with her lighter and accidentally sets a curtain on fire  Hearing footsteps, she quickly puts out the fire and runs back to her bedroom, but a few minutes later, Drippy sees the curtains engulfed in flames and is locked inside the freezer  When Poppy is awoken by the sound of an explosion, she looks out the window and sees the fire growing and immediately wakes the school  When everyone realizes Drippy is missing, Poppy runs into the burning school to rescue her  After the fire is extinguished, Freddie finds her lighter and gives it back to her, refusing to hear any explanation  Realizing she no longer wants to leave, Poppy writes an apology letter to Freddie and later goes to Mrs  Kingsley's office to take the blame for the fire  Afterwards, she finds a portrait of her late mother in the 1976 Abbey Mount lacrosse team and begins to cry upon realizing her mother had attended the school  
While Poppy waits for the Honour Court to decide whether or not she should be expelled, Freddie finds her crying and becomes convinced the fire was an accident, and forgives her  Meanwhile, Drippy reads aloud Poppy's diary, revealing how much Poppy likes her roommates, and Kiki discovers who actually wrote the emails  At the hearing, Poppy gives her testimony and Harriet is determined to prove her guilt, while Poppy's roommates arrive and begin whispering to the other girls  When they all stand up in support of Poppy, Harriet bursts into a tirade and mentions Poppy's lighter  The girls realize that no lighter was ever mentioned and Mrs  Kingsley questions how Harriet knew about the lighter  When Poppy deduces that Harriet was responsible, Harriet snaps at her and accidentally confesses to restarting the fire after Poppy had put it out  A furious Mrs  Kingsley demands to see Harriet in her office and Poppy is absolved  
At the lacrosse finals, Gerry arrives and is taken aback by Poppy's dramatic change in personality and how much she resembles her mother  Abbey Mount wins the lacrosse championship and Poppy, who admits that her father did the right thing by enrolling her at the school, reconciles with him  The next morning, Harriet is expelled and prepares to leave with her father, but not before Harriet's former friends toss her dead pheasants out the window and onto her  Several months later, Poppy and Freddie have resumed their relationship, and she invites her roommates to a pool party at her Malibu mansion  When Freddie notices Ruby trying to call Poppy, she ignores her, now well aware she is not a real friend, and the girls prepare to jump into the ocean 

Cast
Production
The interiors of the boarding school were filmed at Cobham Hall in Kent  The facade of the school was filmed at Balls Park  They also filmed at 82 Main Street, 84 Main Street, 117 Main Street, and at the Brontë Parsonage Museum in Haworth, Keighley, Bradford  Filming also took place in Harrogate, and at Robin Hood's Bay in North Yorkshire 

Reception
Wild Child was released in the United Kingdom on 15 August 2008, taking fifth place at the box office with $2,196,366 from 359 cinemas with an average of $6,118  In its fourth weekend, it dropped to twelfth place  As of November 2008, Wild Child had grossed $8,235,794  In Australia, Wild Child was released 18 September, taking fourth place with only 93 cinemas and making $315,114  The following week, it made a 60% increase with $566,918 but still slipped to 6th place  On 16 October, Wild Child fell to 11th  As of November 2008, Wild Child had grossed US$3,268,424 (A$4,236,579) in Australia  The film has been released in many other countries, proving popular in some: the Netherlands ($1,553,825) and not so popular in others  The film has grossed a worldwide total of $21,972,336  Universal had planned a North American release in the summer of 2009, but canceled it and chose to release the film directly to DVD 

Critical response
Wild Child has a 41% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 27 reviews with an average rating of 4 8/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "More mild than wild  This tween comedy mess falls flat on its face due to poor characters, poor direction and poor jokes"  The Sun Online gave the film 2/5 saying "WILD? More like mild, unless you think short skirts and 'horse face' put-downs are outrageous " Urban Cinefile gave Wild Child a much more favourable review, stating "The film has an energy and honesty about it: it's lively, funny and smart and the characters are appealing "
Rating the film 2 out of 5 stars, The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw deemed the film's story and characters "amiable enough, but still a bit tame" compared to films such as Clueless and Freaky Friday  Describing Wild Child as "A tweenie comedy with an uplifting American-style sports movie awkwardly bolted on", David Gritten of The Daily Telegraph considered the film to be "a mess" with predictable plot twists and inferior to the film Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging  In a mostly positive review for Variety, Leslie Felperin wrote that Dahl's script "puts more emphasis on character development and plot mechanics than the recent, slapstick-laden, girls’-school-set "St  Trinian's," and still manages to have funnier one-liners"  Felperin also found that the film's "third-act endorsement of female friendship turns out to be surprisingly affecting, despite obvious sentimentality " Meanwhile, Jack Wilson of The Age took a different view of the characters' development, finding that Dahl's screenplay "dwells unpleasantly on cruelty and humiliation, and finally Poppy does little more than exchange one form of snobbery for another "

DVD release
Wild Child was released on DVD in the United Kingdom on 8 December 2008  In Australia, it was released on 15 January 2009  In the United States, it was released directly to DVD on 17 November 2009 

Soundtrack
Wild Child: The Movie Soundtrack Party Album is a soundtrack album by the film of the same name, released in the United Kingdom and Australia on 18 August 2008  In the United States, the soundtrack wasn't released 
Track listing
Other songs non-includedThe following songs appeared in the movie and trailers, although they were not included on the soundtrack for the film, due to licensing restrictions:

"Angels" – Robbie Williams
"Black Gloves" – Goose
"Chasing Pavements" – Adele
"Heaven Is a Place on Earth" – Belinda Carlisle
"I Got It from My Mama" – will i am
"Real Wild Child" – Everlife
"Roadkill Morning" – Children of Bodom
"Set 'Em Up" – Imran Hanif
"You Think I Don't Care" - Jack McManus
"Surrender Your Groove" – Geri Halliwell
"Toxic" (instrumental) – Britney Spears
Passage 4:
Nick Moore (film director)
Nick Moore is a British film director and editor  He directed the 2011 British Movie Horrid Henry: The Movie  He directed the 2008 Wild Child, and other previous work included editing the 1997 The Full Monty for which he was nominated for a BAFTA award, the 1999 hit  Notting Hill, the 2002 About a Boy for which he was nominated for the American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical, and the 2003 Love Actually 

Filmography
Director
2008: Wild Child
2011: Horrid Henry: The Movie
2014: Pudsey: The Movie

Editor
1983: Never Say Never Again
1987: Empire of the Sun
1989: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
1990: Spies Inc 
1990: Memphis Belle
1991: Meeting Venus
1992: Orlando
1993: Little Buddha
1994: A Business Affair
1994: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
1996: Mission: Impossible
1997: The Full Monty
1998: The Land Girls
1998: Divorcing Jack
1999: Notting Hill
2000: Beautiful Joe
2001: What's the Worst That Could Happen?
2001: Ghost World
2001: All the Queen's Men
2002: About a Boy
2003: Love Actually
2004: Along Came Polly
2004: Christmas with the Kranks
2005: Nanny McPhee
2006: Freedomland
2006: Little Man
2007: Meet Bill
2008: Last Chance Harvey
2010: Leap Year
2010: Morning Glory
2012: Mirror Mirror
2013: Enough Said
2014: Finding Fanny
2014: She's Funny That Way
2015: Jenny's Wedding
2015: Burnt
2016: Bridget Jones's Baby
2017: The Ottoman Lieutenant
2018: Patrick
2018: King of Thieves
Passage 5:
Tula Belle
Tula Belle (28 July 1906 – 13 October 1992) was an American child film actress  She was born in what is now Oslo, Norway She starred in The Blue Bird 

Filmography
The Brand of Cowardice (1916)
Over the Hill (1917)
The Vicar of Wakefield (1917)
The Blue Bird (1918)
A Doll's House (1918) based on A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen
At the Mercy of Men (1918)
Deliverance (1919)
The Miracle Man (1919)
Old Dad (1920)
Passage 6:
West of Shanghai
West of Shanghai is a 1937 American adventure film directed by John Farrow and starring Boris Karloff as a Chinese warlord  It is based on the 1920 Porter Emerson Browne play The Bad Man  Three other films, all titled The Bad Man, are also based on the same play: 

in 1923, directed by Edwin Carewe and starring Holbrook Blinn
in 1930, directed by Clarence Badger and starring Walter Huston
in 1941, starring Wallace Beery and Ronald Reagan and directed by Richard Thorpe 

Plot
On a train bound for lawless northern China, businessman Gordon Creed (Ricardo Cortez) encounters acquaintance Myron Galt (Douglas Wood) and his attractive daughter Lola (Sheila Bromley)  Galt is on his way to foreclose on a very promising oilfield built up by Jim Hallet (Gordon Oliver)  Creed, on the other hand, wants to offer Hallet enough money to pay off his loan from Galt (for a tidy share of the oilfield) 
Creed is annoyed when his reserved compartment is appropriated by General Chow Fu-Shan (Vladimir Sokoloff)  The general is on his way to deal with self-styled General Wu Yen Fang (Boris Karloff), a warlord who has taken control of a province  However, Chow Fu-Shan is assassinated on the train by one of Fang's men 
After being questioned by military governor General Ma (Tetsu Komai), the three travel by horse to a remote town, where they find not only Hallet (Gordon Oliver), but Creed's estranged wife Jane (Beverly Roberts), who is working for missionary Dr  Abernathy (Gordon Hart)  Then, Fang's subordinate, Captain Kung Nui (Chester Gan) and his men take over the town  When Kung Nui casts his eyes on Jane, Hallet impulsively punches him  Jane and Hallet have fallen in love, though she does not believe in divorce and has kept their relationship strictly platonic  Hallet is knocked out and imprisoned 
When Fang arrives, he tries to persuade Jane to go with him, promising she would enjoy it (blithely explaining "I am Fang")  Hallet escapes with the help of an associate disguised as one of Fang's soldiers, and sends him to notify General Ma of Fang's whereabouts  Hallet then breaks in on Fang and Jane's private discussion  Fang remembers Hallet, who once hid a coolie and dug three bullets out of his shoulder; that was Fang before his meteoric rise  The warlord decides to help his benefactor  Fang robs Creed of $50,000, uses it to pay Galt what Hallet owes, then takes the money and offers it to Dr  Abernathy 
Creed bribes Captain Kung Nui to rebel against Fang  Kung Nui wants to regain face by having Hallet executed  Fang pretends to give in, but just before a firing squad shoots the oilman, Fang has his right-hand man, Mr  Cheng (Richard Loo), kill Kung Nui  Afterward, Fang personally shoots Creed to fix Hallet's romantic problem, but only manages to wound him 
Government troops arrive and force their way into the town  In the confusion, Jane, accompanied by Hallet, goes to attend to her husband's wound  Creed produces a gun and announces that Hallet is going to have a fatal accident, but is killed by Fang 
With the battle lost, Fang decides to surrender rather than risk the lives of his captives by fighting to the end  He is taken out and shot 

Cast
Boris Karloff as General Wu Yen Fang
Beverly Roberts as Mrs  Jane Creed
Ricardo Cortez as Gordon Creed
Gordon Oliver as Jim Hallet
Sheila Bromley as Lola Galt
Douglas Wood as Myron Galt
Vladimir Sokoloff as General Chow Fu-Shan
Gordon Hart as Dr  Abernathy
Richard Loo as Mr  Cheng
Chester Gan as Captain Kung Nui
Tetsu Komai as General Ma

Production
This was the second film John Farrow directed for Warner Bros 
Karloff was to make Black Widow for Warner Bros  But the studio pushed forward the film in their schedule to take advantage of the Second Sino-Japanese War It was known during production as China Bandit, then War Lord, then The Adventures of Fang  Filming took place in February 1937 Willard Parker was to have made his debut in the film  Karloff's makeup required three hours of work per day; this was less time than was required for his non-human roles 

Reception
The New York Times wrote Karloff "admirably acquits himself as a comedian" in the film which nonetheless had "atmospheric validity" due to "numerous Chinese extras and an imaginative treatment of sets "

See also
Boris Karloff filmography
Passage 7:
John Chaffey
John Chaffey is an English osteopathic doctor and former child film actor 

Film career
Chaffey was featured in many television adverts as a child  He is best remembered for a role in the 1973 Peter Sellers movie The Optimists of Nine Elms 

Medical career
Chaffey studied at University of East London, receiving in 1991 a research-based degree comparing osteopathic and physiotherapeutic interventions in the mechanical discomforts of pregnancy  He qualified at the British School of Osteopathy (1988)  He headed an osteopathic group practice beginning in 1991, working with a team of 11 osteopathic specialists  He attained leadership positions in the UK Osteopathy profession, being appointed as a Member of Council of UK Regulator, the General Osteopathic Council, in 2012  He is a member of the Education and Registration Standards Committee 
Chaffey has worked in osteopathic education since 1991 as a lecturer and clinic tutor  He is currently a Clinical Tutor
at the European School of Osteopathy, lecturing on communication and compliance issues  He was Module Leader for Osteopathy for 2 years at Oxford Brookes University, and currently serves as an external examiner for that institution  He became an external examiner for Final Clinical Competence in 2001 
Passage 8:
Shreya Sharma
Shreya Sharma  is an Indian child film actress  She lives in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 

Filmography
She acted first at the age of 13 in film The Blue Umbrella 

Other
On the occasion of 125th birth year of popular Hindi writer Chandradhar Sharma ‘Guleri’, a special screening of the film Usne Kaha Tha based on one of his popular stories was held on 19 July 2008 in the capital city of Himachal Pradesh  Shreya Sharma narrated the story ahead of the screening, held at Auckland House School, Longwood 
Passage 9:
Beauty and the Bad Man
Beauty and the Bad Man is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by William Worthington and starring Mabel Ballin, Forrest Stanley, and Russell Simpson 

Plot
As described in a film magazine review, Cassie, an orphan with vocal abilities, enters the mining town after fleeing from her worthless husband of one day  She meets the gambler, who likes her and stakes her with the money he won after breaking the bank  She uses the money to cultivate her voice, and then returns to the mining town famous  Her old husband wants her to return, and when she refuses he fires a gun, but he is late and is winged by a friend of the gambler  Cassie then realizes her love for the gambler 

Cast
Preservation
With no prints of Beauty and the Bad Man located in any film archives, it is a lost film 
Passage 10:
Alias – the Bad Man
Alias – the Bad Man, also known as Alias Bad Man, is a 1931 American  pre-Code Western film, directed by Phil Rosen and starring Ken Maynard, Virginia Brown Faire, and Frank Mayo  It was released on July 15, 1931 

Plot
Clem Neville and fellow rancher Warner are being plagued by a group of rustlers  He sends for his son, Ken, to come help him round up the criminals  However, when Ken arrives he finds out that his father and Warner have been killed  He does not reveal his identity to any of the townspeople, and Warner's daughter, Mary, suspects him of being one of the rustlers  As they verbally spar, Ken learns that Mary had known of a plan of Clem and her father to trap the rustlers  The only person she shared the information with was Rance Collins  He meets up with an old friend Ranger Simpson, known by the nickname of "Repeater", who he lets know what he is attempting to do 
Suspecting that Rance must be involved, Ken learns who some of his associates are  He follows one back to the gang's hideout, and after overhearing of their plans to finish rustling Warner's cattle, steps into the room and asks for a job  Collins is skeptical, but then Repeater shows up and, as set up before by him and Ken, arrests Ken for Clem's murder  Collins suspicions of Ken are alleviated, and he and some of his men ride after the two  They help Ken escape, during which Ken makes it appear as if Repeater has been killed  However, once back at the hideout, suspicions once again begin to arise  Finally, one of the rustlers returns to the hideout and recognizes Ken from Warner's ranch earlier that day  Surrounded by the gang, Ken's horse, Tarzan comes to his rescue and breaks a window allowing him to escape 
Collins henchmen take off after Ken, while Collins remains behind to continue planning their rustling activities  Ken eludes the gang and doubles back to the hideout  He delays Collins long enough for Repeater to arrive with the sheriff to arrest Collins  Afterwards, Mary apologizes to Ken for jumping to conclusions, and Ken decides to stay on in town and run his father's ranch 

Cast list
Ken Maynard as Ken Neville
Virginia Brown Faire as Mary Warner
Frank Mayo as Rance Collins
Charles King as Black
Robert Homans as Mr  Warner
Irving Bacon as Ranger Simpson
Lafe McKee as Clem Neville

Production
In early April it was announced that one of Maynard's upcoming pictures would be titled, The Bad Man  By the middle of the month, the film had become known as Alias The Bad Man, the third of a series of eight films Maynard was slated to do for Tiffany Productions  On April 18, it was reported that Maynard had wrapped on his prior film, Two Gun Man, and that production on Alias the Bad Man would begin in the near future  The picture began filming the week of May 16, with production complete by the first week in June  The film was released on July 15, 1931 

Reception
The Film Daily gave the film a positive review, lauding the direction, story and cinematography  They also highlighted the acting work of Ken Maynard and Virginia Brown Faire  "The story is above the average western opus material, having an intelligent plot, with plenty of surprises and twists to keep the suspense always at a fever heat " Harrison's Reports said, "A good Western  The story is interesting and there is plenty of action and suspense  Some of the situations will hold the spectator breathless    "
Context 3: Passage 1:
Douglas Tait (illustrator)
Douglas Tait is a Canadian children's book illustrator  He won the Amelia Frances Howard-Gibbon Illustrator's Award in 1981 for illustrating The Trouble with Princesses, written by Christie Harris 
Passage 2:
The Trouble with Girls (film)
The Trouble with Girls (and How to Get into It), also known as simply The Trouble with Girls, is a 1969 film directed by  Peter Tewksbury and starring Elvis Presley  It was one of Presley's final acting roles, along with the same year's Change of Habit  It is based on the 1960 novel Chautauqua by Day Keene and Dwight Vincent Babcock 

Plot
In a small Iowa town in 1927, a traveling Chautauqua company arrives, with internal squabbles dividing the troupe  The new manager, Walter Hale (Elvis Presley), is trying to prevent Charlene, the troupe's "Story Lady" (Marlyn Mason), from recruiting the performers to form a union 
Meanwhile, the town has a scandal following the murder of the local pharmacist Wilby (Dabney Coleman)  Although a shady gambler is arrested, Walter realizes that the real killer is Nita (Sheree North), one of Wilby's employees 
Walter successfully gets Nita to confess during a Chautauqua performance, where she makes public the sexual harassment that Wilby directed at her  Nita's self-defense plea frees the wrongly jailed man, but Charlene is outraged that Walter used the crime to financially enrich the Chautauqua, and attempts to quit 
Walter attempts to reason with Charlene, but when she refuses to give in, he deceives her and uses the local police force to be sure that she must leave on the train with the rest of the troupe 

Cast
Elvis Presley as Walter Hale
Marlyn Mason as Charlene
Nicole Jaffe as Betty Smith
Sheree North as Nita Bix
Edward Andrews as Johnny
John Carradine as Mr  Drewcolt
Vincent Price as Mr  Morality
Dabney Coleman as Harrison Wilby
Duke Snider as The Cranker
Anissa Jones as Carol Bix
John Rubinstein as Princeton College kid
Frank Welker as Rutgers College kid
Joyce Van Patten as The Swimmer
Susan Olsen as Auditioning Singer
Pepe Brown as WillyCast notes

Anissa Jones, best known for playing Buffy on the television program Family Affair, made her only film appearance in The Trouble with Girls 
Nicole Jaffe and Frank Welker went on to become regular members of the voice cast for the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo, which debuted on CBS ten days after the release of The Trouble with Girls 

Production and release
Development
In June 1959 it was announced that Don Mankiewicz would write a screenplay of an unpublished story by Mauri Grashin, Day Keene, and Dwight Babcock  By December 1960, with the project titled Chautauqua, MGM was ready to make the film with Glenn Ford  Rumours circulating in Hollywood at the time stated that Presley would co-star with Ford, Hope Lange, and Arthur O'Connell, but nothing came of it and the film was shelved 
In 1964, Dick Van Dyke had been signed up to star in a film titled Chautauqua based on a book called Morally We Roll Along by Gay MacLaren  After several years of failed screenplays and cast changes, MGM sold the rights to Columbia Pictures in May 1965  Columbia also struggled to get the project off the ground, and in April 1968 sold the rights back to MGM  This time MGM lined up Presley to star and production began in the fall of 1968  Chautauqua was the working title, but it was later changed to The Trouble with Girls when the producers worried that audiences would not understand the title or be able to pronounce it 

Filming
Elvis Presley was paid $850,000 plus 50% of the profits  Production ran from October 28 to December 18, 1968 Colonel Tom Parker, Presley's manager, originally wanted actress Jean Hale for the female lead, but Marlyn Mason was cast at the insistence of director Peter Tewksbury  Ironically, Jean Hale's husband, Dabney Coleman, would later be cast 
The Trouble with Girls was released as the bottom half of a double feature, sharing the screen with the Raquel Welch drama Flareup 

Reception
The Trouble with Girls (and How to Get into It) performed poorly in cinemas but strongly on the drive-in circuit 
Roger Greenspun of The New York Times called it "a charming though ineptly titled comedy" with Presley performing "a reasonably developed characterization as the chautauqua company manager, and he sings very well " Variety wrote, "Elvis Presley is lost in this one  Without star’s usual assortment of 10 to 12 songs, and numbers cut down to a bare three, picture has little to offer  Title suggests a gay comedy but it’s a mass of contrived melodramatics and uninteresting performances that do not jell into anything but program fare " Margaret Harford of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film "never makes up its mind where to go and how to get there     The trouble with the picture is not girls; it's indecision by the writers, Arnold and Lois Peyser about whether we should laugh at the corny entertainment of 40-odd years ago, or cry over the troubles of a lonely widow who drinks too much " The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote, "The plot's rather curious blend of amateur theatricals, folksy humour and straight melodrama strains credulity even for a Presley film, and the few songs are instantly forgettable  Vincent Price makes an odd and quite appealing guest appearance as an itinerant lecturer known as Mr  Morality, but Presley himself seems uninterested in the whole affair "

Soundtrack
Entering the studio for The Trouble with Girls, Presley found himself in the position of knowing he had the goods in the can with his looming comeback television special but given that his last three singles – "You'll Never Walk Alone," "Your Time Hasn't Come Yet Baby," "A Little Less Conversation" – and the Speedway album all tanked, faced a practically dead recording career  The soundtrack contained some minor songs, its only distinctive track by Billy Strange, the producer of the session, and Mac Davis The recording session took place at United Artists Recorders in Hollywood, on October 23, 1968  "Clean Up Your Own Backyard" by Strange and Davis, their fourth successful submission to a Presley soundtrack in a row, was the only one released concurrently with the film's release, as the single RCA 47-9747 in 1969, peaking at #35 on the Billboard Hot 100  "Almost" would appear in 1970 on the budget album Let's Be Friends, the only other track from the film to be released during Presley's lifetime  His remake of the His Hand in Mine track "Swing Down Sweet Chariot" would not see release until 1983 on Elvis: A Legendary Performer Volume 4  The other songs would wait to be issued until RCA's soundtrack compilations of the 1990s combining released songs and outtakes from multiple films on one compact disc 
Tracks

"Clean Up Your Own Backyard" (Billy Strange and Mac Davis)
"Swing Down Sweet Chariot" (traditional, arranged by Elvis Presley)
"Signs of the Zodiac" (Buddy Kaye and Ben Weisman, Duet with Marlyn Mason)
"Almost" (Buddy Kaye and Ben Weisman)
"The Whiffenpoof Song" (Ted Galloway, Meade Minnigerode, George Pomeroy; not used in film)
"Violet (Flower of NYU)" (Steven Dueker and Peter Lohstroh) – The second adaptation in Presley's career of the American Civil War song "Aura Lee" from 1861, the first being the song "Love Me Tender" Notes

In some versions of the soundtrack, "Doodle Doo Doo" is included, performed by Linda Sue Risk, who plays Lily-Jeanne, the mayor's daughter  In the film, the song is performed by Anissa Jones, who plays Carol Bix Personnel

Elvis Presley – vocals
The Blossoms, The Mellomen – backing vocals
Jack Halloran, Ronald Hicklin, Marilyn Mason – backing vocals
Roy Caton – trumpet
Lew McCreary – trombone
Buddy Collette – clarinet
Gerry McGee, Joseph Gibbons, Morton Marker – electric guitar
Don Randi – piano
Max Bennett – bass
John Guerin, Frank Carlson – drums

Home media
The Trouble With Girls was released to DVD by Warner Home Video on August 7, 2007, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD 

See also
List of American films of 1969
Passage 3:
The Trouble with Men and Women
The Trouble with Men and Women is a 2005 film written and directed by Tony Fisher and starring Joseph McFadden and Kate Ashfield 

Plot
Serious and intense Matt is tired of mooning over a woman who has deserted him for a life in the United States  After enduring the bar room philosophising of his friends as they vainly try to cheer him up, he starts dating various women, desperate for an understanding of the opposite sex  Yet he may well harbour the notion that it is his best mate's girlfriend that he is destined to be with 

Cast
Joseph McFadden – Matt
Kate Ashfield – Susie
Matthew Delamere – Vinnie

Music
Matt Cattell Innovation of Sound - Sam Gibb  –

External links
The Trouble with Men and Women at IMDb
Passage 4:
Michael Sorvino
Michael Ernest Sorvino (born November 21, 1977) is an American actor and producer  He is best known as the voice of Tommy Angelo, the protagonist in Mafia  His other acting roles include parts in Summer of Sam, The Trouble with Cali, and Once Upon a Time in Queens  He is the son of actor Paul Sorvino (1939–2022) and Lorraine Ruth Davis and the brother of actress Mira Sorvino 

Career
Sorvino was born in Tenafly, New Jersey to actor Paul Sorvino and graduated from Tenafly High School in 1996  He went on to graduate from Rutgers University's Mason Gross School of the Arts in New Brunswick, New Jersey with a Bachelor's Degree in Theater in May 2001  Sorvino first started acting in 1993 with a part in the film Amongst Friends  He had a recurring role in 2005 on the television series Human Trafficking  He also voiced the lead character Tommy Angelo in the game Mafia Sorvino also produced the 2016 comedy-drama film Almost Paris, which was directed by Domenica Cameron-Scorsese 

Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Passage 5:
The Trouble with Cali
The Trouble with Cali is an American drama film directed by Paul Sorvino and written by his daughter Amanda Sorvino  It stars Laurence Leboeuf, Glynnis O'Connor, Raviv Ullman and RZA 
The film will not be released in theaters as a distribution deal was not able to be successfully negotiated spurring contention with Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, residents as $500,000 in tax payer funds was used to finance the film  Subsequently, the Scranton Cultural Center hosted a free premiere of the film on July 9, 2015, with additional showings on July 10, 2015 and July 11, 2015 

Plot
Cast
Laurence Leboeuf as Cali Bluejones
Paul Sorvino as Ivan Bluejones
Glynnis O'Connor as Avie Bluejones
Chris Meyer as Vail Bosenthall
Joanne Baron as Zelda Hirschorn
Frank Adonis as Uncle Vito
Annie Golden as Mrs  Katie Saperstein
Mira Sorvino as The Ballet Master
Raviv Ullman as Lois
Peyton List as Young Cali Bluejones
RZA as himself
Bill Sorvino as Jimmy Lamberchin
Michael Sorvino as Young Guido
Passage 6:
Paul Sorvino
Paul Anthony Sorvino (, Italian: [sorˈviːno]; April 13, 1939 – July 25, 2022) was an American actor  He often portrayed authority figures on both the criminal and the law enforcement sides of the law 
Sorvino was particularly known for his roles as Lucchese crime family caporegime Paulie Cicero (based on real life gangster Paul Vario) in Martin Scorsese's 1990 gangster film Goodfellas and as NYPD Sergeant Phil Cerreta on the second and third seasons of the TV series Law & Order  He also played a variety of father figures, including Juliet's father in Baz Luhrmann's 1996 film Romeo + Juliet, as well as guest appearances as the father of Bruce Willis' character on the TV series Moonlighting and the father of Jeff Garlin's character on The Goldbergs  He was in additional supporting roles in A Touch of Class (1973), Reds (1981), The Rocketeer (1991), Nixon (1995, as Henry Kissinger), and The Cooler (2003) 
Usually cast in dramatic supporting roles, he occasionally acted in lead roles in films including Bloodbrothers (1978), and also in comedic roles including his turn as a bombastic Southern evangelist in Carl Reiner's Oh, God! (1977)  Sorvino was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor for the 1972 play That Championship Season, and later starred in film and television adaptations  He was the father of actors Mira Sorvino and Michael Sorvino 

Early life
Sorvino was born on April 13, 1939, and raised in the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn  His mother, Angela Maria Mattea (née Renzi; 1906–1991), was a homemaker and piano teacher of Italian (Molisan) descent who was born in Connecticut  His father, Ford Sorvino, was an Italian (Neapolitan) immigrant who worked in a robe factory as a foreman Sorvino attended Lafayette High School (where he was a classmate of Peter Max, a painter and artist), graduated, and then went to the American Musical and Dramatic Academy 

Career
Sorvino began his career as a copywriter in an advertising agency  He took voice lessons for 18 years  While attending The American Musical and Dramatic Academy, he decided to go into the theatre  He made his Broadway debut in the 1964 musical Bajour, and six years later he appeared in his first film, Carl Reiner's Where's Poppa?, starring George Segal and Ruth Gordon  In 1971, he played a supporting role in Jerry Schatzberg's critically acclaimed The Panic in Needle Park, starring Al Pacino and Kitty Winn 
Sorvino received critical praise for his performance as Phil Romano in Jason Miller's 1972 Broadway play That Championship Season, a role he reprised in the 1982 film version  He acted in another George Segal-starring film with a prominent supporting role in the Academy Award-winning romantic comedy A Touch of Class (1973)  In It Couldn't Happen to a Nicer Guy (1974), he played Harry Walters, a real estate salesman randomly picked up by a beautiful woman (JoAnna Cameron) and raped at gunpoint as a prank  He appeared in the 1976 Elliott Gould/Diane Keaton vehicle I Will, I Will    for Now  He starred in the weekly series We'll Get By (1975, as George Platt), Bert D'Angelo/Superstar (1976, in the title role), and The Oldest Rookie (1987, as Detective Ike Porter)  He also directed Wheelbarrow Closers, a 1976 Broadway play by Louis La Russo II, which starred Danny Aiello In 1981, Sorvino played the role of Italian-American communist Louis C  Fraina in Warren Beatty's film Reds  He appeared in Larry Cohen's 1985 horror film The Stuff as a reclusive militia leader, alongside future Law & Order co-star Michael Moriarty  Sorvino also helped found the American Stage Company, a group that launched several successful Off-Broadway shows, in 1986 In 1991, Sorvino took on the role of Sergeant Phil Cerreta (replacing actor George Dzundza in a new role) on the popular series Law & Order  Sorvino initially was excited about the role but left after 29 episodes, citing the exhausting schedule demanded by the filming of the show, a need to broaden his horizons, and the desire to preserve his vocal cords for singing opera  Sorvino's exit from the series came in an episode in which Sgt  Cerreta is shot in the line of duty and transferred to an administrative position in another precinct (He was replaced by Jerry Orbach In 1993, Sorvino substituted for Raymond Burr in a Perry Mason TV movie, The Case of the Wicked Wives  He had earlier appeared as Bruce Willis' father in the weekly series Moonlighting and the "Lamont" counterpart in the never-aired original pilot for Sanford and Son  Some of his most notable film roles were caporegime Paul Cicero in Martin Scorsese's Goodfellas (1990) and Henry Kissinger in Oliver Stone's Nixon (1995)  In addition to Goodfellas, Sorvino also played mob bosses Eddie Valentine in The Rocketeer and Tony Morolto in The Firm Sorvino founded the Paul Sorvino Asthma Foundation; he intended to build asthma centers for children and adults across the United States  In 1998, he narrated the series The Big House for The History Channel  In 1999, he directed and again starred in (albeit playing a different role) a TV version of That Championship Season 
In Hey Arnold!: The Movie, Sorvino voiced the main antagonist, Mr  Scheck, the CEO of Future Tech Industries, who wants to convert Arnold's neighborhood into a huge shopping mall  From 2000 to 2002, Sorvino had a lead role as Frank DeLucca in the television drama That's Life  He also starred in the comedy Still Standing as Al Miller, father to Bill (Mark Addy)  Sorvino filmed The Trouble with Cali in the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre area of Pennsylvania  He directed and starred in the film, and his daughter Mira also acted in a lead role in the film Sorvino played GeneCo founder Rotti Largo in the 2008 musical film Repo! The Genetic Opera  Working with Repo! director Darren Lynn Bousman again, Sorvino played God in The Devil's Carnival, a short film screened on tour beginning in April 2012 Sorvino's final motion picture The Ride will be released posthumously in 2022  Sorvino appeared alongside Dean Cain, D B  Sweeney, and his wife Dee Dee Sorvino for his final performance  Sorvino's scenes were filmed in Jacksonville, Florida 

Personal life
Sorvino lived in Los Angeles and Madison, Indiana  He had three children: Mira, Michael, and Amanda from his first marriage with Lorraine Davis  Mira and Michael are actors 
On January 17, 2007, news reports detailed that he pulled a gun in front of Daniel Snee, an ex-boyfriend of his daughter Amanda, after the man pounded on her hotel room door and made threats  Amanda testified that Snee threatened to kill her at a hotel on January 3 in Stowe, Vermont  She said she locked herself in the bathroom and called both the police and her father  Her 67-year-old father showed up before police, she testified  When police arrived, the young man was arrested and charged with disorderly conduct, she said  As a deputy sheriff in Pennsylvania, Sorvino was legally authorized to carry a gun in different states  He did not point the gun at Snee or threaten him In March 2008, Sorvino and his daughter Amanda lobbied with the Americans Against Horse Slaughter in Washington D C , for U S  Congress to pass the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act (S311/HR503)  The Sorvinos run a private horse rescue operation in Gilbert, Pennsylvania Sorvino was also an accomplished sculptor, specializing in cast bronze  In December 2008 his sculpture of the late playwright Jason Miller was unveiled in Scranton, Pennsylvania  In addition, he guest-starred on the 2008 album of Neapolitan singer Eddy Napoli, Napulitanata, performing a duet of the song "Luna Rossa" In 2007, Sorvino launched Paul Sorvino Foods to market a range of pasta sauces  Based on his mother's recipe, the product appeared in supermarkets in the northeastern United States in late 2009  Three years later, Sorvino became part owner in Janson-Beckett Cosmeceuticals In an April 2014 interview, Sorvino said, "Most people think I'm either a gangster or a cop or something, but the reality is I'm a sculptor, a painter, a best-selling author, many, many things—a poet, an opera singer, but none of them is gangster, but, you know, obviously I sort of have a knack for playing these things  It's almost my later goal in life to disabuse people of the notion that I'm a slow-moving, heavy-lidded thug, and most people's impression of me IS that—because of the success of Goodfellas and a few other things, but they forget that I was also Dr  Kissinger in Nixon, the deaf lawyer in Dummy, and they forget a lot of things that I've done  It would be nice to have my legacy more than that of just tough guy "Before screening his film Once Upon a Time in Queens at the Florida Film Festival in Orlando in April 2014, Sorvino revealed that he practiced New Formalism, by writing rhymed and metrical verse after the heyday of Modernist poetry, and recited one of his own poems as an example In December 2014, Sorvino married political pundit Dee Dee Benkie after he met her while appearing as a guest on Your World With Neil Cavuto In January 2018, Sorvino found out that Harvey Weinstein allegedly sexually harassed his daughter Mira, and blacklisted her within the film industry after she rejected the film mogul's sexual demands  In response, Sorvino told TMZ, "He's going to go to jail  Oh yeah  That son of a bitch  Good for him if he goes, because if not, he has to meet me  And I will kill the motherfucker  Real simple  If I had known it, he would not be walking  He'd be in a wheelchair  This pig will get his comeuppance  The law will get him  He's going to go to jail and die in jail "

Death
Sorvino died of natural causes at Mayo Clinic Florida in Jacksonville on July 25, 2022, aged 83  He was interred at Hollywood Forever Cemetery 

Filmography
Film
Television
Passage 7:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 8:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 9:
The Trouble with You
The Trouble With You (French: En liberté !) is a 2018 French film directed by Pierre Salvadori  It was selected to screen in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival 

Cast
Adèle Haenel : Yvonne Santi
Pio Marmaï : Antoine Parent
Damien Bonnard : Louis
Vincent Elbaz : Jean Santi
Audrey Tautou : Agnès Parent
Hocine Choutri : Mariton
Octave Bossuet : Théo Santi
Steve Tran : A client

Plot
Yvonne tells her young son every night the adventures of his father Jean, a police officer who died two years before  She is a lieutenant herself, and she prefers being on the field to the desk job she has  During a routine interrogation, she learns that Jean was in fact a corrupt cop, and had got Antoine imprisoned, who had a clean history before, for a hold-up of a jewellery shop  Louis, a colleague who is in love with her, convinces Yvonne to not reveal anything and let Antoine finish his last weeks in jail 
Antoine gets released soon  Yvonne, who is regretful, follows him and observes that after years of imprisonment, he is now mentally disturbed  Antoine finds his wife Agnès, who has been waiting for him  He has strange and sometimes violent reactions - he commits petty theft and beats up several people who attack him at a pub  Yvonne lets him get away at each instance 
After a fight with his wife, he is wandering around on the road, when he decides to jump in the sea  Yvonne who has been following him, jumps to save him  They get back to the city in a stolen car  Yvonne is both stunned and attracted to him, comes home to her son, who is being babysat by Louis  She then flirts with him, to his great surprise 
The next day, Antoine is taken to the police station for having crashed the car  Yvonne, who doesn't want Antoine to know that she works with the police, sits on a bench with prostitutes, to make it look like she is one of them 
Antoine, thinking that Yvonne is a prostitute, invites her to dinner, but Louis takes Yvonne on a fake suspect chase  Disappointed, Antoine takes the restaurant personnel hostage and burns down the restaurant  Yvonne removes him from the scene and hides him in a disused underground sado-masochist club  Antoine escapes, leaves his wife and handcuffs Yvonne to a bedpost to go rob the jewellery shop that he was supposed to have robbed, thus making him truly guilty and giving a meaning to the imprisonment which destroyed his youth 
Yvonne escapes and meets Antoine in the jewellery shop  She helps him to take the jewels and convinces him to escape to join his wife, while Yvonne gets arrested 
Much later, Yvonne is released from prison and finds Louis, who has taken care of her son during this time 
Passage 10:
National Lampoon's Pucked
National Lampoon's Pucked (also known as Pucked, and National Lampoon's The Trouble with Frank) is a 2006 comedy movie starring Jon Bon Jovi in the main role  This is the last film directed by Arthur Hiller before his death in 2016 

Plot
Frank Hopper (Bon Jovi) is a former lawyer, who receives a credit card in the mail, and believes he's hit the jackpot  It's not long before he's working his way toward financing his dream – an all-woman hockey team  He's also put himself in debt to more than $300,000  He winds up in court when his plan backfires 

Cast
Jon Bon Jovi as Frank Hopper
Estella Warren as Jessica
David Faustino as Carl
Curtis Armstrong as Janitor
Nora Dunn as Leona
Cary Elwes as Norman
Pat Kilbane as Elvis
Dana Barron as Tiny
Danielle James as herself

See also
List of films about ice hockey



ground_truth: no

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who was born later, Paul De Scherff or Lyudmyla Olyanovska?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Paul De Weert
Paul De Weert (born 27 November 1945) is a Belgian rower  He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics 
Passage 2:
Paul de Longpré
Paul de Longpré (1855–1911), was a French painter of flowers, who worked mainly in the United States 

Early life
Paul de Longpré was born in Lyon, France, in 1855, and was an entirely self-taught artist  From age 12, he practiced successfully in Paris as a painter of fans  In 1876, at 21, he first exhibited at the Paris Salon  Having lost his money by the failure of a Paris bank, he moved in 1890 to New York City and in 1896 held an exhibition of flower paintings which secured him instant recognition 

Life in Hollywood
De Longpré arrived in Los Angeles, Southern California with his family in 1899  Daeida Wilcox, with husband H  H  Wilcox the founders of Hollywood, was so eager to attract culture to the town that she gave him her homesite for his estate, three lots on Cahuenga on the north of Prospect (later Hollywood Boulevard), in exchange for three of his paintings In 1901, Canadian architect Louis Bourgeois designed a landmark residence for the 3 acres (1 2 ha) estate, in the Mission Revival style  The house included an art gallery to sell prints of de Longpré's paintings, and was surrounded by the expansive "Le Roi de Fleur" flower gardens  Estate tours became a popular tourist destination off an exclusive Balloon Route trolley spur of the Los Angeles Pacific Railroad, that later became a Pacific Electric Redcar line, and with print sales additional sources of income for de Longpré Paul de Longpré is listed in the 1900 US Census, Los Angeles City Ward 5, Precincts 38 B and 73 A, with his wife Josephine and daughters Blance, Alice, and Pauline  His occupation is listed as Artist, but the last name is misspelled as De Lonpre, It indicates Paul, Josephine, Blance, and Alice were born in France, and Pauline was born in New York City  The architect Louis Bourgeois also taught French to de Longpré's daughters, and later married his daughter Alice Paul de Longpré died at home in Los Angeles at age 56, on 29 June 1911 Afterwards, the family moved back to France  The increased property values in rapidly developing Hollywood resulted in demolition of the gardens by 1924, and the house in 1927 

Works
De Longpré only painted specimens of flowers  With a delicacy of touch and feeling for color he united scientific knowledge and art  He also knew how to give expression to the subtle essence of the flowers  Painting floral scenes almost exclusively in watercolors, in the 1900s de Longpre found inspiration in the 4,000 rose bushes he planted on his Hollywood estate  The finest of his paintings include Double Peach Blossoms and White Fringed Poppies (1902) – both widely known through popular reproductions 

Legacy
In present-day Hollywood, the street De Longpre Avenue, and De Longpre Park on it are both named for him 
Passage 3:
Paul de Scherff
Paul de Scherff (14 July 1820 – 22 July 1894) was a Luxembourgian politician 
De Scherff was born in Frankfurt to F  H  W  von Scherff-Arnoldi, who was minister plenipotentiary of the King-Grand Duke to the German Federal Diet   After studying law, Paul de Scherff came to Luxembourg  For six years he was avocat géneral, and later became president of the superior court, at the age of 34  From 24 June 1856 to 11 November 1858 he was Administrateur général (Minister) for Public Works and Railways in the Simons Ministry  From 1869 to 1871, and then again from 1886 to 1892 he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for the Centre, and was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1869 until 1872 When the walls of the fortress of Luxembourg were demolished in the 1870s and 1880s, Paul de Scherff was working in the ministry of public works, where he dealt with the building of the municipal parks 
He married Marie Pescatore on 14 September 1842, daughter of Constantin Jos  Antoine Pescatore and niece of Theodore Pescatore   De Scherff was a practising member of the Reformed Church 

Footnotes
Passage 4:
Paul de Cordon
Paul de Cordon (born in 1908 in Toulouse - died in 1998 in Paris) was a French photographer known for his photographs of the circus and the Crazy Horse Saloon  He was also recognized for his portraits and his nudes for which he was, in 1964, considered one of the greatest photographers in the world together with Guy Bourdin and Lucien Clergue  He produced portraits of many personalities such as Johnny Hallyday, Gilbert Bécaud, Mireille Darc, Jacques Brel, Fernand Raynaud, Anna Karina, Samy Davis Jr , Jeanne Moreau, Steve McQueen and his long-time friends, Daniel Sorano and Jacques Dufilho as well as Gonzague Saint Bris with whom he was very close  and who nicknamed him “The Toulouse-Lautrec of photography’’  In 1961 he participated alongside Edouard Boubat, Agnès Varda, Man Ray, Frank Horvat, William Klein and Robert Doisneau in the mythical exhibition "Metamorphosis and invention of a face" around the portrait of Anne- Marie Edvina  He was also an equestrian, fashion and advertising photographer, notably for Nikon and Beaulieu  He collaborated with Europe 1 in the years 1960/70  Paul de Cordon even tried his hand at television by co-presenting the Cirques du Monde program with Jean Richard on channel A2  His works are present in prestigious collections such as those of the National Library of France (BNF), the Rodin museum and W M  Hunt 

Early years
Paul de Cordon was born in Toulouse  His father, Comte Pierre de Cordon, was a cavalry officer; his mother, Marthe de Boyer-Montegut, a cultivated, book-loving woman, was the daughter of Paul de Boyer- Montégut, who, for many years, was mayor of Cugnaux, near Toulouse, where he owned the château de Maurens 
It was in Maurens that Paul de Cordon, as a child, spent his holidays and it was there that he discovered horses which were to become one of the great passions of his life  His grandfather Boyer-Montegut was what was the French call, a “Homme de cheval’’ whose four-in-hand teams were renowned in Toulouse and across the region  As a child, he also lived for several years in Mainz (Germany), where his father was stationed after the First World War  It was around this time that he started taking pictures with a small camera, a gift from his parents  He learned the basic techniques from an old German photographer during long hours spent in his shop 
It was also in Germany where his attraction to the circus was born  The large travelling circuses, like Althoff, then crisscrossed the country with quality shows and numerous animals 
As a teenager, he was a boarder in a Paris school  He was then able to discover a very intense artistic and cultural life thanks to his aunt, the Marquise du Crozet, his mother's elder sister  He attended performances by Serge de Diaghilev's Ballets Russes which, after the war, came on tour every year to Paris  He went to the theater and visited exhibitions with his first cousin, Aimar du Crozet, who was much older than him and took him "under his wing" to serve as his guide to the Paris of the 1920s  Aimar du Crozet also had a passion for horses and races  He was the owner of Master Bob, who won the 1924 Paris Grand Steeple Chase * and who became so famous an athlete that he is mentioned by Ernest Hemingway at the start of his book ‘’Death in the Afternoon’’ 
After his studies Paul de Cordon enlisted in the 18th Dragons cavalry regiment  More than a true military vocation, it was once again the love of horses that motivated him 
At that time almost all the cavalry regiments were mounted and each maintained and trained horses to enter in show jumping events and steeple chases, in which both officers and noncommissioned officers participated  In the 1930s, he thus took part in dozens of races on tracks in France and across Europe 
After the 18th Dragons he was assigned to the 2nd Hussards, in Tarbes, the “Chamborant’’, where he continued his favorite activities; training and riding horses  By an amusing coincidence, his great-grandmother on his mother’s side was Louise de Séganville, daughter of Colonel Baron de Séganville who had been the regiment’s commanding officer between 1813 and 1815 
It was at the 2nd Hussards that he had two encounters that would mean a lot in his life  He befriended Jacques Dufilho who, after interrupting his studies in dental prosthesis, had signed an eighteen-month enlistment contract  * Dufilho will become one of his dearest friends when they meet again after the war  There he also meets Jean Devaivre who completed his military service at “Chamborant’’  Jean Devaivre then went to work in cinema and became a great director, it was he who enabled Paul de Cordon, after the war, to embark on a new life 
Devaivre was not only a cineaste but also an authentic character actor: working during the occupation for the German group Continental Films in Paris, he was at the same time a very active member of the French resistance  His exploits include flying from the Nevers region to London clandestinely after having made the journey from Paris to Nevers in the afternoon    by bicycle  Bertrand Tavernier's film “Laissez-passer’’ is directly inspired by his life, as recounted in his autobiography, “Action’’ 
In 1939, the 2nd Hussards broke up into reconnaissance groups which took part in the 1940 battles on the Ardennes front, * Paul de Cordon participated in these actions in a mounted squadron and was taken prisoner by the Germans  He ended his captivity in the fortress of Colditz where he was liberated by the US military on April 16, 1945 
In 1945 he married Dilette de Rigaud de Vaudreuil and they had three children  He remained in the army for a few more months and was assigned to the Cadre Noir in Saumur 

Second life
After a few months in Saumur, he decided to leave the army  In 1947 Jean Devaivre who had just directed “La dame d’onze heure" with Paul Meurisse, a film of astonishing modernity, offered him a job as his assistant and Paul de Cordon accepted 
He was Devaivre’s first assistant director for “La ferme des sept péchés" ( he was also the stuntman for scenes on horseback) and for "Vendetta en Camargue" where he reunited with Jacques Dufilho  At that time, in addition to being a stuntman he was also an acrobatic and burlesque dancer 
At the beginning of the 1950s, Paul de Cordon decided to become a professional photographer  He set up a studio in Paris and started developing relations with various clients in the press, advertising agencies, fashion designers, show business    
He also began to develop a large-scale personal project on the circus and the Crazy Horse Saloon cabaret  He spent many nights with his camera at Medrano, at the Bouglione brothers' Cirque d’Hiver and at the Crazy Horse Saloon  Until the 1990s he also traveled the world to visit
circuses and bring back photos  Over these years, he has developed close ties with the great dynasties of the circus ring : Schumann, Rancy, Knie, Gruss, Bouglione, Houcke, Medrano, Fratellini etc     In all these families the horse occupied a central role in their performances  This equestrian culture and Paul de Cordon’s experience as a horseman facilitated and consolidated links with all these artists and strengthened their mutual confidence and friendship  His taste for spectacle, ballets and theater helped him to appreciate and better understand the work represented by all these artists  During these years, in addition to his work as a photographer, Paul de Cordon wrote a lot about the circus and this is how the Swiss magazine “L’Année Hippique" often published his articles on horses and circus equestrians 

Circus instants
"Faced with this obstinate pursuit of the perfect gesture, I understood that I was living there what I had always sought: a circus moment"  “Instants de Cirque’’ is the title of Paul de Cordon's most famous book, which brings together a selection of images taken over more than thirty years and which he considered particularly representative  The book was edited by Bernard de Fallois who was also a circus lover and an admirer of Paul de Cordon's photos 
This book, published in 1977 by Le Chêne, allows us, with hindsight, to better understand the originality and peculiarity of Paul de Cordon’s photos  The circus is a subject that has greatly inspired photographers attracted by the spectacular and flashy nature of the circus ring  But there is no flashiness in the photos that appear there, they are intimate, shrouded in mystery, charged with a secret emotion  A photo of Gilbert Houcke with his tiger Prince illustrates their peculiarity well: there is no circus ring nor lights, we are backstage, the tamer wears a worn bathrobe, there is a sort of semi-darkness which brings out the eye of the tiger and his outstretched paw, claws extended, which he offers to the caress of the human hand  Few images make you feel with as much force the reciprocal respect and the affection that there can be between a wild beast and his tamer but also the formidable danger, the courage it takes to face it and the amount of work and humility that represent a successful act  This photo may not be what people call a circus photo, but it illustrates what Paul de Cordon called the “instant de cirque’’  Paul de Cordon had a great admiration for tamers and loved wild animals  He liked to enter their cages, accompanied by the tamer of course  He also
chose to include on the jacket of his book, a photo of himself with the lionesses of Georges Marck, wearing the uniform of the 2nd Hussards  The photo was shot by his brother, Benoît de Cordon 
Paul de Cordon was passionately fond of the circus, but he did not like being labeled as a circus photographer because the documentary aspect often linked to that genre and most often sought after by circophiles, was of no interest to him  What he was interested in and what he wanted to express in his photos was, he said, “the peculiarity of an artist, the very core of his art’’  He had an exceptional talent for capturing what others didn't always see, which is probably why so many circus performers wanted to be photographed by him 

Crazy Horse Saloon
Paul de Cordon met Alain Bernardin at the very beginning of the Crazy Horse Saloon The old coal cellar on the avenue George V had just been converted into a micro cabaret  The former antique dealer who invented the most cerebral strip show in the world and the recently converted cavalry officer shared a common aversion for rules and conventions and were both attracted to show business and pretty women  The friendship between them that lasted many years was punctuated with sulking  They both had a touch of dandyism and a taste for beautiful fabrics and bespoke suits which led them to share a Russian tailor before he emigrated to Hollywood to dress movie stars  Paul de Cordon took hundreds of photos at the Paris cabaret which illustrate the long history of the place   There are also many images shot in the dressing rooms  They are more intimate, devoid of any sort of voyeurism and translate the total confidence of the dancers This part of his work is less well known as it reveals a different face of his talent 

Portraits
Paul de Cordon is not considered a portrait photographer and yet, one realizes when looking at his work, that he also excelled in this particular art as evidenced by portraits of his friends the Gruss brothers, Alexis and André, of the clown Pipo and of Jean Houcke  His striking portrait of the actor Jacques Dufilho, in a black leather coat captures all the austerity and intelligence of this comedian  His portraits of pop stars are of interest in that they totally ignore the canons of the yé-yé aesthetic
imposed by the iconic music magazine « Salut les copains » (Hello mates) 
Paul de Cordon worked regularly for advertising, fashion, and the press 
In advertising he worked for Nikon and Beaulieu shooting their ads and catalogues for several years 
In the press he began working for horse magazines  During the 60’s he did many jobs for the music press and for record companies including photos of pop groups, yé-yé stars, or even latin music groups (Chaussettes noires, Johnny Hallyday, Hugues Aufray, Françoise Hardy, Sylvie Vartan and los Machucambos) 
He was also involved in fashion photography and participated for several years in the July fashion show marathons when Paris studios were overbooked for night photoshoots 

3 zebras
In the contemporary world, images are everywhere, and some photos are more famous than their photographers  Everyone knows “Le baîser de l’hôtel de Ville’’ by Robert Doisneau, “Death of a republican soldier’’ by Robert Capa, or “Dovima and the elephants" by Avedon  Paul de Cordon most famous photo, undoubtedly, is “Three zebras’’ which has been presented in all his exhibitions and appears, of course, in Instants de Cirque although it was not shot in a circus but at the Amsterdam Zoo in 1957  This photo was published worldwide, including in the American edition of Life in March 1962 
Paul de Cordon died in March 1998 in Paris, two years before his wife, Dilette, who had accompanied him to circuses around the world  They are buried in Verneuil in the Nièvre  Paul de Cordon is the grandfather of Pierre-Elie de Pibrac, a photographer known in
particular for his work on the Paris Opera  Photos from his book “In Situ’’ (2014) have been exhibited in France and around the world  It was thanks to his grandfather with whom he was very close, that Pierre-Elie de Pibrac developed his vocation for photography 

Books by Paul de Cordon
Girls of the Crazy Horse Saloon Verlagspresse 1971
Instants de Cirque Edition du chêne 1977
Le Cadre Noir Julliard 1981
Passage 5:
Paul De Keyser
Paul De Keyser (born 7 February 1957) is a former Belgian racing cyclist  He rode in the 1980 Tour de France 
Passage 6:
Catherine I of Russia
Catherine I Alekseevna Mikhailova (Russian: Екатери́на I Алексе́евна Миха́йлова, tr  Ekaterína I Alekséyevna Mikháylova; born Polish: Marta Helena Skowrońska, Russian: Ма́рта Самуи́ловна Скавро́нская, tr  Márta Samuílovna Skavrónskaya; 15 April [O S  5 April] 1684 – 17 May [O S  6 May] 1727) was the second wife and empress consort of Peter the Great, and empress regnant of Russia from 1725 until her death in 1727 

Life as a servant
The life of Catherine I was said by Voltaire to be nearly as extraordinary as that of Peter the Great himself  Only uncertain and contradictory information is available about her early life  Said to have been born on 15 April 1684 (o s  5 April), she was originally named Marta Helena Skowrońska  Marta was the daughter of Samuel Skowroński (later spelled Samuil Skavronsky), a Roman Catholic farmer from the eastern parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, born to Minsker parents  In 1680 he married Dorothea Hahn at Jakobstadt  Her mother is named in at least one source as Elizabeth Moritz, the daughter of a Baltic German woman and there is debate as to whether Moritz's father was a Swedish officer  It is likely that two stories were conflated, and Swedish sources suggest that the Elizabeth Moritz story is probably incorrect  Some biographies state that Marta's father was a gravedigger and handyman, while others speculate that he was a runaway landless serf 
Marta's parents died of the plague around 1689, leaving five children  According to one of the popular versions, at the age of three Marta was taken by an aunt and sent to Marienburg (the present-day Alūksne in Latvia, near the border with Estonia and Russia) where she was raised by Johann Ernst Glück, a Lutheran pastor and educator who was the first to translate the Bible into Latvian  In his household she served as a lowly servant, likely either a scullery maid or washerwoman   No effort was made to teach her to read and write and she remained illiterate throughout her life 
Marta was considered a very beautiful young girl, and there are accounts that Frau Glück became fearful that she would become involved with her son  At the age of seventeen, she was married off to a Swedish dragoon, Johan Cruse or Johann Rabbe, with whom she remained for eight days in 1702, at which point the Swedish troops were withdrawn from Marienburg  When Russian forces captured the town, Pastor Glück offered to work as a translator, and Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev agreed to his proposal and took him to Moscow 
There are unsubstantiated stories that Marta worked briefly in the laundry of the victorious regiment, and also that she was presented in her undergarments to Brigadier General Rudolph Felix Bauer, later the Governor of Estonia, to be his mistress  She may have worked in the household of his superior, Sheremetev  It is not known whether she was his mistress, or household maid   She travelled back to the Russian court with Sheremetev's army Afterwards she became part of the household of Prince Alexander Menshikov, who was the best friend of Peter the Great of Russia  Anecdotal sources suggest that she was purchased by him  Whether the two of them were lovers is disputed, as Menshikov was already engaged to Darya Arsenyeva, his future wife  It is clear that Menshikov and Marta formed a lifetime alliance 
It is possible that Menshikov, who was quite jealous of Peter's attentions and knew his tastes, wanted to procure a mistress on whom he could rely  In any case, in 1703, while visiting Menshikov at his home, Peter met Marta  In 1704, she was well established in the Tsar's household as his mistress, and gave birth to a son, Peter  In 1703, she converted to Orthodoxy and took the new name Catherine Alexeyevna (Yekaterina Alexeyevna)  She and Darya Menshikova accompanied Peter and Menshikov on their military excursions 

Marriage and family life
Though no record exists, Catherine and Peter are described as having married secretly between 23 October and 1 December 1707 in Saint Petersburg  They had twelve children, two of whom survived into adulthood, Anna (born 1708) and Elizabeth (born 1709) 
Peter had moved the capital to St  Petersburg in 1703  While the city was being built he lived in a three-room log cabin with Catherine, where she did the cooking and caring for the children, and he tended a garden as though they were an ordinary couple  The relationship was the most successful of Peter's life and a great number of letters exist demonstrating the strong affection between Catherine and Peter  As a person she was very energetic, compassionate, charming, and always cheerful  She was able to calm Peter in his frequent rages and was often called in to do so 
Catherine went with Peter on his Pruth Campaign in 1711  There, she was said to have saved Peter and his Empire, as related by Voltaire in his book Peter the Great  Surrounded by overwhelming numbers of Turkish troops, Catherine suggested before surrendering, that her jewels and those of the other women be used in an effort to bribe the Ottoman grand vizier Baltacı Mehmet Pasha into allowing a retreat 
Mehmet allowed the retreat, whether motivated by the bribe or considerations of trade and diplomacy  In any case Peter credited Catherine and proceeded to marry her again (this time officially) at Saint Isaac's Cathedral in St  Petersburg on 9 February 1712   She was Peter's second wife; he had previously married and divorced Eudoxia Lopukhina, who had borne him the Tsarevich Alexis Petrovich  Upon their wedding, Catherine took on the style of her husband and became Tsarina  When Peter elevated the Russian Tsardom to Empire, Catherine became Empress  The Order of Saint Catherine was instituted by her husband on the occasion of their wedding 

Issue
Catherine and Peter had twelve children, all of whom died in childhood except Anna and Elizabeth:

Peter Petrovich (1704–1707), died in infancy
Paul Petrovich (October 1705–1707), died in infancy
Catherine Petrovna (7 February 1707–7 August 1708)
Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna (27 January 1708–15 May 1728)
Grand Duchess Elizabeth Petrovna (29 December 1709–5 January 1762)
Grand Duchess Mary Natalia Petrovna (20 March 1713–17 May 1715)
Grand Duchess Margaret Petrovna (19 September 1714–7 June 1715)
Grand Duke Peter Petrovich (9 November 1715–6 May 1719)

Grand Duke Paul Petrovich (13 January 1717–14 January 1717)
Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna (31 August 1718–15 March 1725)
Grand Duke Peter Petrovich (7 October 1723–7 October 1723)
Grand Duke Paul Petrovich (1724–1724)

Siblings
Upon Peter's death, Catherine found her four siblings, Krystyna, Anna, Karol, and Fryderyk, gave them the newly created titles of Count and Countess, and brought them to Russia 

Krystyna Skowrońska, renamed Christina (Russian: Христина) Samuilovna Skavronskaya (1687–14 April 1729), had married Simon Heinrich (Russian: Симон Гейнрих) (1672–1728) and their descendants became the Counts Gendrikov 
Anna Skowrońska, renamed Anna Samuilovna Skavronskaya, had married one Michael-Joachim N and their descendants became the Counts Efimovsky 
Karol Skowroński, renamed Karel Samuilovich Skavronsky, was created a Count of the Russian Empire on 5 January 1727 and made a Chamberlain of the Imperial Court; he had married Maria Ivanovna, a Russian woman, by whom he had descendants who became extinct in the male line with the death of Count Paul Martinovich Skavronskyi (1757-1793), father of Princess Catherine Bagration 
Fryderyk Skowroński, renamed Feodor Samuilovich Skavronsky, was created a Count of the Russian Empire on 5 January 1727 and was married twice: to N, a Lithuanian woman, and to Ekaterina Rodionovna Saburova, without having children by either of them 

Reign as empress regnant
Catherine was crowned in 1724  The year before his death, Peter and Catherine had an estrangement over her support of Willem Mons, brother of Peter's former mistress Anna, and brother to one of the current ladies in waiting for Catherine, Matryona  He served as Catherine's secretary  Peter had fought his entire life to clear up corruption in Russia  Catherine had a great deal of influence over who could gain access to her husband  Willem Mons and his sister Matryona had begun selling their influence to those who wanted access to Catherine and, through her, to Peter  Apparently this had been overlooked by Catherine, who was fond of both  Peter found out and had Willem Mons executed and his sister Matryona exiled  He and Catherine did not speak for several months  Rumors flew that she and Mons had had an affair, but there is no evidence for this 
Peter died (28 January 1725 Old Style) without naming a successor  Catherine represented the interests of the "new men", commoners who had been brought to positions of great power by Peter based on competence  A change of government was likely to favor the entrenched aristocrats  For that reason during a meeting of a council to decide on a successor, a coup was arranged by Menshikov and others in which the guards regiments with whom Catherine was very popular proclaimed her the ruler of Russia  Supporting evidence was "produced" from Peter's secretary Makarov and the Bishop of Pskov, both "new men" with motivation to see Catherine take over  The real power, however, lay with Menshikov, Peter Tolstoy, and other members of the Supreme Privy Council 
Catherine viewed the deposed empress Eudoxia as a threat, so she secretly moved her to Shlisselburg Fortress near St  Petersburg to be put in a secret prison under strict custody as a state prisoner 

Death
Catherine I died two years after Peter I, on 17 May 1727 at age 43, in St  Petersburg, where she was buried at St  Peter and St  Paul Fortress  Tuberculosis, diagnosed as an abscess of the lungs, caused her early demise 
Before her death she recognized Peter II, the grandson of Peter I and Eudoxia, as her successor 

Assessment and legacy
Catherine was the first woman to rule Imperial Russia, opening the legal path for a century almost entirely dominated by women, including her daughter Elizabeth and granddaughter-in-law Catherine the Great, all of whom continued Peter the Great's policies in modernizing Russia   At the time of Peter's death the Russian Army, composed of 130,000 men and supplemented by another 100,000 Cossacks, was easily the largest in Europe   However, the expense of the military was proving ruinous to the Russian economy, consuming some 65% of the government's annual revenue   Since the nation was at peace, Catherine was determined to reduce military expenditure   For most of her reign, Catherine I was controlled by her advisers   However, on this single issue, the reduction of military expenses, Catherine was able to have her way   The resulting tax relief on the peasantry led to the reputation of Catherine I as a just and fair ruler The Supreme Privy Council concentrated power in the hands of one party, and thus was an executive innovation  In foreign affairs, Russia reluctantly joined the Austro-Spanish league to defend the interests of Catherine's son-in-law, the Duke of Holstein, against Great Britain 
Catherine gave her name to Catherinehof near St  Petersburg, and built the first bridges in the new capital  She was also the first royal owner of the Tsarskoye Selo estate, where the Catherine Palace still bears her name 
The city of Yekaterinburg is named after her, Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name 
She also gave her name to the Kadriorg Palace (German: Katharinental, meaning "Catherine's Valley"), its adjacent Kadriorg Park and the later Kadriorg neighbourhood of Tallinn, Estonia, which today houses the Presidential Palace of Estonia  The name of the neighbourhood is also used as a metonym for the institution of the President 
In general, Catherine's policies were reasonable and cautious   The story of her humble origins was considered by later generations of tsars to be a state secret 

See also
Bibliography of Russian history (1613–1917)
Rulers of Russia family tree

Notes
Passage 7:
Lyudmyla Olyanovska
Lyudmyla Olyanovska (Ukrainian: Людмила Оляновська; born 20 February 1993, in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian race walker 

Career
She won the bronze medal in the 20 kilometer racewalking event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China 
In 2014, she won the silver medal in the 20 kilometres racewalking event at the 2014 European Championships in Athletics 
In February 2017, she was disqualified for doping rules violation for four years since 30 November 2015 until 29 November 2019 

National records
She holds three national records in racewalking:
Passage 8:
Antoine Pescatore
Constantin-Joseph-Antoine Pescatore, known as Antoine Pescatore, was born on 16 December 1787 in Luxembourg City, and died on 31 October 1858 in Sandweiler  He was a businessman and politician 
From 1817 to 1820, he was mayor of the city of Luxembourg From 1842 to 1848 he was a member of the Assembly of Estates, and from 1854 to 1856 was a member of the Chamber of Deputies In 1845 he became a founding member of the Société pour la recherche et la conservation des monuments historiques dans le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg 
His daughter Marie Pescatore (1819-1894) married Paul de Scherff 
Passage 9:
Paul de Maleingreau
Paul Constant Eugène de Maleingreau (23 November 1887 - 9 January 1956) was a Belgian composer and organist 

Biography
Paul Constant Eugène Malengreau was born in  Trélon, Nord, France  He later changed his surname to "de Maleingreau"  From 1905 to 1912 he studied at the Brussels Conservatory where his principal teachers were Alfons Desmet, Paul Gilson and Edgar Tinel  He began teaching at the Conservatory in 1913 and was professor of organ (succeeding Desmet) from 1929 until 1953   His pupils included Pierre Froidebise, Charles Koenig, Robert Kohnen, Marcel Druart, Paul Sprimont and Herman Roelstraete 
In 1921 and 1922 he was the first to play Bach’s complete organ works in Brussels 
Gregorian plainsong forms the basis of most of Malengreau’s compositions, and indeed part of his output is intended for the liturgy  He also wrote programme music, his organ symphonies being inspired by paintings by Rogier van der Weyden and the van Eyck brothers  While the chromaticism and cyclic treatment of themes reveal the influence of Franck, certain harmonic progressions are typical of Impressionist music 
He was a member of the Libre Académie, and died in Brussels in 1956 

Selected works
Publication dates and publishers in parentheses where known 

Organ
Op  2  Élévation (1912, Hérelle)
Op  3 no  1 Post partum Virgo inviolata permansisti (Hérelle, Fortemps)
Op  3 no  2 Ego sum panis vivus (Hérelle, Fortemps)
Op  10 Opus sacrum: In nativitate Domini (1920, Chester)
Op  14 Suite (1919, Durand)
Op  18 nos 1 & 2 Offrande musicale (1920, Chester)
Op  18 no  3 Toccata (1920, Chester)
Op  19 Symphonie de Noël (1920, Chester)
Op  20 Symphonie de la Passion (1923, Senart)
Op  22 Opus sacrum II: In feriis Quadragesimae (1923, Senart)
Op  23 Triptyque pour la Noël (1923, Salabert)
Op  24 Symphonie de l’Agneau mystique (1926, Leduc)
Op  25 Préludes à l’introit pour orgue sans pédale (1924, Senart)
Op  26 no  4 Noël parisienne
Op  27 Élévations liturgiques (1935, Herelle-Philippo)
Op  30 Messe du jour de Noël (1938, Philippo)
Op  31 Messe de pâques (Hérelle-Philippo)
Op  35 Méditation pour le temps pascal: Quoniam ipsius est mare (1939, Hérelle)
Op  60 Préludes de carème (1952, Oxford)
Op  65 Suite mariale (1939, Oxford)
Op  71 Suite: Four paraphrases on hymns to the Virgin (1937, Oxford)
Op  103 Diptyque de la Toussaint (1952, Fischer)

Piano
Op  7 Prélude-Chorale et fugue (1920, Chester)
Op  8 No  1 Cygnes de neige sur des lacs de Lapis-Lazuli (F  Lauweryns)
Op  9 Suite pour piano (1920, Chester)
Op  12 Sonatine pour piano (1917, Lauweryns)
Op  17 Les angelus du printemps : suite pittoresque pour piano (1920, Chester)
Suite enfantine  (1934, Senart)

Chamber
Op  15 Sonate pour violoncelle et piano (1919, Durand)
Passage 10:
W  Augustus Barratt
W  Augustus Barratt (3 June 1873 – 12 April 1947) was a Scottish-born, later American, songwriter and musician 

Early life and songs
Walter Augustus Barratt was born 3 June 1873 in Kilmarnock, the son of composer John Barratt; the family later lived in Paisley  In 1893 he won a scholarship for composition to the Royal College of Music 
In his early twenties he contributed to The Scottish Students' Song Book, with three of his own song compositions and numerous arrangements 
By the end of 1897 he had published dozens of songs, such as Sir Patrick Spens, The Death of Cuthullin, an album of his own compositions, and arrangements of ten songs by Samuel Lover 
He then, living in London, turned his attention to staged musical comedy, co-creating, with Adrian Ross, The Tree Dumas Skiteers, a skit, based on Sydney Grundy's The Musketeers that starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree  He co-composed with Howard Talbot the successful Kitty Grey (1900) He continued to write songs and to receive recognition for them  The 1901 and 1902 BBC Promenade Concerts, "The Proms", included four of his compositions, namely Come back, sweet Love, The Mermaid, My Peggy and Private Donald 
His setting of My Ships, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, was performed by Clara Butt and republished several times  It also appeared four times, with different singers, in the 1913 and 1914 Proms 

America
In September 1904 he went to live in New York City, finding employment with shows on Broadway, including the following roles:

on-stage actor (Sir Benjamin Backbite) in Lady Teazle (1904-1905), a musical version of The School for Scandal;
musical director of The Little Michus (1907), also featuring songs by Barratt;
co-composer of Miss Pocahontas (1907), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Love Cure (1909–1910), a musical romance;
composer of The Girl and the Drummer (1910), a musical romance with book by George Broadhurst  Tried out in Chicago and elsewhere, it did not do well and never reached Broadway;
musical director of The Quaker Girl (1911–1912);
co-composer and musical director of My Best Girl (1912);
musical director of The Sunshine Girl (1913);
musical director of The Girl who Smiles (1915), a musical comedy;
musical director and contributor to music and lyrics of Her Soldier Boy (1916–1917);
composer, lyricist and musical director of Fancy Free (1918), with book by Dorothy Donnelly and Edgar Smith;
contributor of a song to The Passing Show of 1918;
composer and musical director of Little Simplicity (1918), with book and lyrics by Rida Johnson Young;
contributor of lyrics to The Melting of Molly (1918–1919), a musical comedy;
musical director of What's in a Name? (1920), a musical revue

1921 in London
Though domiciled in the US, he made several visits back to England  During an extended stay in 1921 he played a major part in the creation of two shows, both produced by Charles B  Cochran, namely

League of Notions, at the New Oxford Theatre, for which he composed the music and co-wrote, with John Murray Anderson, the lyrics;
Fun of the Fayre, at the London Pavilion, for which similarly he wrote the music and co-wrote the lyrics

Back to Broadway
Back in the US he returned to Broadway, working as
composer and lyricist of Jack and Jill (1923), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Silver Swan (1929), a musical romance

Radio plays
In later years he wrote plays and operettas mostly for radio, such as:

Snapshots: a radioperetta (1929)
Sushannah and the Brush Wielders: a play in 1 act (1929)
The Magic Voice: a radio series (1933)
Men of Action: a series of radio sketches (1933)
Say, Uncle: a radio series (1933)
Sealed Orders: a radio drama (1934)
Sergeant Gabriel (with Hugh Abercrombie) (1945)

Personal
In 1897 in London he married Lizzie May Stoner  They had one son  In 1904 he emigrated to the US and lived in New York City  His first marriage ended in divorce in 1915 and, in 1918, he married Ethel J Moore, who was American  In 1924, he became a naturalized American citizen  He died on 12 April 1947 in New York City 

Note on his first name
The book British Musical Biography by Brown & Stratton (1897) in its entry for John Barratt refers to "his son William Augustus Barratt" with details that make it clear that Walter Augustus Barratt is the same person and that a "William" Augustus Barratt is a mistake  For professional purposes up to about 1900 he appears to have written as "W  Augustus Barratt", and thereafter mostly as simply "Augustus Barratt" 



ground_truth: Lyudmyla Olyanovska

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the child of the director of film The Trouble With Cali?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: 
In 1472, John VI was engaged to Sophie, the daughter of Duke Eric II of Pomerania   The marriage was set to be celebrated in 1474   However, John VI died before the marriage took place   The exact date of his death is unknown; he is last mentioned in a document dated 20 May 1474 
His last illness was contracted on a journey to Franconia to visit his uncle Elector Albrecht III Achilles of Brandenburg   In Kulmbach, he was infected with the plague and died   He was probably buried in Poor Clares monastery in Hof 

External links
Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg
Passage 7:
Duke William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Duke Frederick William Nicholas of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Nicolas; 5 March 1827 – 28 July 1879) was the second son of Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and his wife Princess Alexandrine, daughter of King Frederick William III of Prussia 

Life
He enlisted in the Prussian Army and became commander of the 6th (Brandenburg) Cuirassiers "Emperor Nicholas I of Russia"  William had a reputation for drunkenness and a dissolute character  On two occasions he was deprived of his command in the Prussian army and he proposed marriage to the celebrated ballerina Marie Taglioni; consequently he was generally considered to be the "black sheep" of the family  Under family pressure, on 9 December 1865, he married Alexandrine of Prussia, daughter of his uncle Albert of Prussia and Marianne of Orange-Nassau  William settled with his wife at Bellevue Palace in Berlin  The marriage was unhappy and the couple had an only child: Charlotte (1868-1944) who married Prince Heinrich XVIII Reuss of Köstritz 
William took part in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 as a major general in command of a cavalry brigade in the First Army  He managed, with difficulty, to secure a command in the Prussian Army during the Franco-Prussian War, leading the 6th Cavalry Division, but he was wounded on 9 September 1870 in Laon  As a result, he was long absent from the front and he showed a great lack of energy at the Battle of Le Mans  In 1873 he became commander of the 22nd Division in Kassel, completed in 1874 but it was only an honorary position  He died on 28 July 1879 

Issue
By his wife, he had an only daughter:

Duchess Charlotte of Meclemburgo-Schwerin (7 November 1868-20 Dicember 1944)  She married firstly Henry XVII of Reuss-Köstritz and secondly Robert Schmidt 

Honours
He received the following orders and decorations:

Ancestors


== Notes ==
Passage 8:
Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1906–1940)
Prince Wilhelm Friedrich Franz Joseph Christian Olaf of Prussia (4 July 1906 – 26 May 1940) was the eldest child of Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, and Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  At his birth, he was second in line to the German throne and was expected to succeed to the throne after the deaths of his grandfather, Emperor Wilhelm II, and his father, Crown Prince Wilhelm  Both, however, outlived him 

Early life and childhood
Wilhelm was born on 4 July 1906 at the Hohenzollern family's private summer residence, Marmorpalais, or Marble Palace, near Potsdam, where his parents were residing until their own home, Schloss Cecilienhof, could be completed  His father was Crown Prince Wilhelm, the eldest son and heir to the German Emperor, Wilhelm II  His mother was Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria was one of the Prince's godfathers 
The selection of a nanny for Wilhelm and his younger brother, Louis Ferdinand (born in 1907) caused considerable distress within the family On his tenth birthday in 1916, Wilhelm was made a lieutenant in the 1st Guards Regiment, and was given the Order of the Black Eagle by his grandfather  Two years later, when he was only twelve, the German monarchy was abolished  Wilhelm and his family remained in Germany, though his grandfather, the former Emperor, went into exile in the Netherlands  The former Crown Prince and his family remained in Potsdam, where Wilhelm and his younger brothers attended the local gymnasium 

After graduating from secondary school, Wilhelm went on to study at the Universities of Königsberg, Munich and Bonn  In 1926, while a student at the University of Bonn, Wilhelm joined the Borussia Corps, a student organization of which his father, grandfather, and other members of the Prussian royal family were members 

Marriage and children
While a student at Bonn, Wilhelm fell in love with a fellow student, Dorothea von Salviati (10 September 1907 – 7 May 1972)  Her parents were Alexander Hermann Heinrich August von Salviati and Helene "Ella" Crasemann (of the well-established Hamburg merchant family, Crasemann)  Her maternal grandfather was the Hamburg parliamentarian Gustav August Rudolph Crasemann 
Wilhelm's grandfather did not approve of the marriage of a member of the minor nobility with the second in line to the German throne  At the time, the former Kaiser still believed in the possibility of a Hohenzollern restoration, and he would not permit his grandson to make an unequal marriage  Wilhelm told his grandson, "Remember, there is every possible form of horse  We are thoroughbreds, however, and when we conclude a marriage such as with Fräulein von Salviati, it produces mongrels, and that cannot be allowed to happen "However, Wilhelm was determined to marry Dorothea  He renounced any rights to the succession for himself and his future children in 1933  Wilhelm and Dorothea married on 3 June 1933 in Bonn  They had two daughters  In 1940, the ex-Emperor recognized the marriage as dynastic and the girls were accorded the style of Princesses of Prussia, although their father was not restored to his former place in the putative line of succession,

Princess Felicitas Cecilie Alexandrine Helene Dorothea of Prussia, (7 June 1934 – 1 August 2009), married Dinnies von der Osten (1929–1998) on 12 September 1958 and they were divorced in 1972, with issue  She married secondly Jörg von Nostitz-Wallwitz (b  1937), with issue 
Princess Christa Friederike Alexandrine Viktoria of Prussia, (31 October 1936) she married Peter von Assis Liebes (1926–1967), son of Martin Liebes and Countess Clementine von Montgelas on 24 March 1960, without issue 

Military services
During the Weimar Republic, Wilhelm inadvertently caused a public scandal by attending Army manoeuvres in the uniform of the old Imperial First Foot Guards without first seeking government approval  The commander of the Reichswehr, Hans von Seeckt, was forced to resign as a result  The Oster conspiracy of 1938 sought to restore Wilhelm to the throne 
At the beginning of World War II, Wilhelm was among a number of princes from the former German monarchies who enlisted to serve in the Wehrmacht, the unified armed forces of Germany 

Death and reaction
In May 1940, Wilhelm took part in the invasion of France  He was wounded during the fighting in Valenciennes and died in a field hospital in Nivelles on 26 May 1940  His funeral service was held at the Church of Peace, and he was buried in the Hohenzollern family mausoleum in the Antique Temple in Sanssouci Park  The service drew over 50,000 mourners, by far the largest unofficial public turnout during Nazi rule in Germany Shortly after Wilhelm's death, a decree known as the Prinzenerlaß, or Prince's Decree, was issued, barring all members of the former German royal houses from service in the Wehrmacht 

Ancestry
Passage 9:
Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (12 July 1694 – 13 April 1748) was a daughter of Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg and Princess Marie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 

Family
Gustave Caroline was the fourth daughter and youngest child of Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg by his first wife Princess Maria of Mecklenburg  She was a younger sister of Adolphus Frederick III, Duke of Mecklenburg  Through her father's third marriage, she was an aunt of Queen Charlotte of the United Kingdom 

Marriage
On 13 November 1714, Gustave Caroline married her cousin Christian Ludwig of Mecklenburg  He was the third eldest son of Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow and his wife Princess Christine Wilhelmine of Hesse-Homburg  Christian Ludwig succeeded as Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1747, the year before Gustave Caroline's death 
They had five children:

Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1717–1785); married Duchess Louise Frederica of Württemberg
Louis (1725–78); married Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1731–1810)   They were the parents of Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 
Ulrike Sofie (1723–1813)
Luise (1730)
Amalie (1732–1775)

Ancestry
Passage 10:
Princess Alexandrine of Prussia (1842–1906)
Princess Friederike Wilhelmine Luise Elisabeth Alexandrine of Prussia (1 February 1842 – 26 March 1906) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern as the daughter of Prince Albert of Prussia and his wife Princess Marianne of the Netherlands 

Family and early life
Alexandrine ('Addy') was the youngest child born to Prince Albert of Prussia and his first wife Princess Marianne of the Netherlands  She was named after her aunt (and later mother-in-law) the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  She had two elder surviving siblings, Princess Charlotte (and Prince Albert  Her parents' marriage was dissolved on 28 March 1849  Her father later remarried in 1853 to one of the court maids-of-honor, Rosalie von Rauch, who was created Countess of Hohenau  The couple had two sons  Their mother also remarried morganatically to a former coachman, producing issue with Johannes van Rossum 
Due to the troubled marriage of her parents, Alexandrine was to all intents and purposes the adopted daughter of her otherwise childless uncle and aunt, King Frederick William IV of Prussia and Queen Elisabeth Ludovika, and became their ward  They took Alexandrine to live with them, bringing her up as their own offspring 

Marriage
Marriage prospects
As a young woman, Alexandrine was considered as a potential bride for the one-year older Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom), but was not considered "clever or pretty" enough by his sister Crown Princess Victoria of Prussia (‘Vicky’)  The prince married Alexandra of Denmark instead  Despite her comment, Vicky had a fondness for Alexandrine, writing to her mother that she was "such an excellent girl and much admired here"  There were also financial advantages to a marriage to Alexandrine; she already had one million dollars through her mother, and would have even more wealth when she married  Consequently, Vicky tried again to marry her off to another British relative, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge  Nothing came of this either, however 

Wedding
On 9 December 1865, Alexandrine married her much-older cousin Duke William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  He was a younger son of Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and Alexandrine's aunt and namesake Princess Alexandrine of Prussia  Though the marriage was meant to give her financial security in the future, it was certainly not a love match; Alexandrine cried during the entire wedding ceremony  Vicky described the wedding to her mother, 
"The wedding was celebrated with the greatest pomp, but had something of the solemnity of a funeral about it – nothing gay, festive or bridal  The only thing that made a pleasing impression on me was dear Addy herself, who although she cried the whole time, had such a dignified and touching appearance that I never saw her look so well  She went through it all with the most perfect tenue – though I never saw her smile once  She did not look a bit like a bride but I must say very elegant and distinguee    The bridegroom's tenance looked as evil as possible the whole time  I looked in vain for a trace of softness of feeling" 
 Furthermore, William had a reputation for drunkenness and a dissolute character, so it was surprising that the exceedingly pious and recently widowed Queen Elisabeth gave her consent to the match  On two occasions William had been deprived of his command in the Prussian army and had recently proposed marriage to the celebrated ballerina Marie Taglioni; consequently he was generally considered to be the "black sheep" of the family  Regardless, the Queen granted her permission, endowing her with a grand trousseau of lavish clothing and jewelry  Her other uncle Emperor Wilhelm I gave her an opulent diamond necklace, while her mother Princess Marianne gave her a necklace of Siberian amethysts as well as an emerald diadem 

Marriage and later life
William's older brother Frederick Francis already had many children from his two marriages, so there was no chance of William and Alexandrine succeeding to the throne of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  During their marriage, the couple lived at Bellevue Palace in Berlin; Alexandrine saw little of Mecklenburg, her husband's native country  The marriage was unhappy, and she tried to escape several times, only to be forced back by pressure from her powerful Aunt Alexandrine  William managed with difficulty to secure an unimportant command in the Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian War  He was badly injured from an explosion during the war, but continued to live on until 1879 

After her husband's death, Alexandrine dedicated her life to her daughter, and played very little part in public life  Alexandrine died on 26 March 1906 at Schloss Marley, near Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany  Bellevue Palace was next occupied by Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia and his new bride Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg 

Issue
By her husband, she had an only daughter:

Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (7 November 1868 - 20 December 1944)  She married firstly Henry XVII of Reuss-Köstritz and secondly Robert Schmidt 

Ancestry



ground_truth: Mira Sorvino