prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the place of birth of the performer of song Ruleta (Inna Song)?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Inna
Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu (born 16 October 1986), known professionally as Inna (stylized in all caps), is a Romanian singer and songwriter  Born in Mangalia and raised in Neptun, she studied political science at Ovidius University before meeting the Romanian trio Play & Win and pursuing a music career  She adopted the stage name "Alessandra" and a pop-rock style in 2008; later that year, she changed her stage name to "Inna" and began releasing house music  "Hot" (2008), her debut single, was a commercial success worldwide and topped the Romanian and Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart, among others  Her debut studio album of the same name followed in August 2009 and was certified Gold and Platinum  It featured several other successful singles in Europe, including "Amazing" (2009), the singer's second number-one single in Romania 
Inna's second album, I Am the Club Rocker (2011), yielded global success for the single "Sun Is Up" (2010)  The track won the Eurodanceweb Award, making Inna the first and only Romanian artist to win the award  In 2011, it was announced Inna was the highest-paid Romanian and Eastern European artist  Her follow-up studio album, Party Never Ends (2013), was nominated for two consecutive years for Best Album at the Romanian Music Awards and reached the top ten in Mexico  It featured "More than Friends", a moderate European hit in collaboration with Daddy Yankee  In 2014, Inna signed with Atlantic Records and released the commercially successful "Cola Song" with J Balvin, which was used to promote that year's FIFA World Cup 
Inna's fourth and eponymous studio album was released in October 2015 and included "Diggy Down", her third number-one single in Romania  Beginning in 2017, Inna has been a coach on the talent show Vocea României Junior alongside Andra and Marius Moga  In the same year, she also released her fifth album Nirvana, whose singles found chart success in European countries such as Romania and Turkey  She signed a record deal with Roc Nation in 2018 to release her sixth studio album Yo in May 2019  Entirely envisioned by Inna, the Spanish-language effort marks a change in direction for her, as she approaches experimental and gypsy-influenced music styles  Her first single outside the Yo era, "Bebe", reached number one in Romania in March 2020  The singer also attained success in various Eastern European territories with "Flashbacks" (2021) and "Up" (2021), with the former being the lead single from her seventh studio album, Heartbreaker, released in November 2020  Inna's eighth record, Champagne Problems, followed as a two-part release in January and March 2022 
With global album sales of four million copies from her first three studio albums, Inna is the best-selling Romanian artist  She has received several awards and nominations, including the Balkan Music Awards, European Border Breakers Award, MTV Europe Music Awards and the Romanian Music Awards  Inna is a human rights activist, participating in campaigns against domestic violence and in support of children's rights 

Life and career
1986–2007: Early life and career beginnings
Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu was born on 16 October 1986 in Mangalia, Romania, to Giorgic and Maria Apostoleanu  She was raised in Neptun, where her father worked as a sea rescuer and her mother as a dancer and singer  As a child, Inna competed as a swimmer and became interested in football and basketball as well as music  She listened to a variety of musical styles as a teenager, including electro house and europop, and to artists such as Beyoncé, Christina Aguilera, Celine Dion and Whitney Houston  Inna attended the sole, now dissolved, elementary school in Neptun  Following this, the singer enrolled at Colegiul Economic (Economy College) in Mangalia, later studying political science at Ovidius University in Constanța  She also took singing lessons and participated in music festivals  An early foray into the music industry was an unsuccessful audition for the Romanian band A S I A When Inna worked in an office, her manager heard her singing and contacted the production team Play & Win with whom she recorded several songs  Adopting the stage name Alessandra in 2008, she entered "Goodbye" and "Sorry" to represent Romania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008; neither was selected  The singer performed "Goodbye" live on the primetime TV show, Teo!, her first televised appearance  Later that year, she changed her stage name to Inna since it was easy to memorize and was the name her grandfather called her when she was young  Early in her career, Inna released pop-rock songs, but switched to "commercial" minimal-infused house music after changing her stage name  In a News of the World interview, Inna cited Swedish House Mafia, The Black Eyed Peas and Jessie J as inspirations  Others include Pink, Houston and Dion 

2008–2011: Hot and I Am the Club Rocker
Inna's debut single, "Hot", was sent to Romanian radio stations in August 2008  It topped the Romanian charts that winter, prompting her to be booked at Romanian nightclubs  The track was also commercially successful throughout Europe, and topped Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart in early 2010  "Love" (2009) was released as Inna's second single, reaching number four in Romania  The singer received the first nominations of her career at the 2009 Eska Music Awards in Poland for "Hot"  Her Romanian label, Roton, signed a contract with the American label Ultra Records in April 2009 Inna collaborated with Romanian musician Bogdan Croitoru on her follow-up single, "Déjà Vu" (2009), which they released under pseudonyms (Bob Taylor and Anni) before revealing their true identities after a period of speculation  The single was as commercially successful as its predecessors  Inna had her second number-one hit in Romania with "Amazing", her fourth single, in 2009  The song was originally written by Play & Win for Romanian singer Anca Badiu, who later complained they had "stolen" it  Inna's debut studio album, Hot, was released in August 2009 and also included the last single "10 Minutes" (2010)  The record was commercially successful and was certified Gold in Romania and Platinum in France  As of December 2011, it had sold 500,000 copies worldwide  Inna was the Best Romanian Act at the 2009 and 2010 MTV Europe Music Awards, the first Romanian artist to win the award in two consecutive years  In 2010, she was also nominated for Best European Act 
Inna's sixth single, "Sun Is Up", was released in October 2010 and peaked at number two on the Romanian Top 100  It did well in a number of other European countries, earning Gold in Switzerland and Italy and Silver in the United Kingdom  "Sun Is Up" won the Eurodanceweb Award in 2010, the first time Romania had won the award  That year, Inna also received a career award at the Zece Pentru România Awards  She released her second studio album, I Am the Club Rocker, in September 2011, which also included the single "Club Rocker" that received a remix with American rapper Flo Rida  Featuring europop, dance-pop, techno and house music, the record was honored as one of the year's best albums by her label Roton and was certified Gold in Poland  The album was promoted by the I Am the Club Rocker Tour (2011–12) of Europe and the United States  During Mexican dates, Inna did several interviews and radio appearances  She had her first major Romanian concert at the Arenele Romane (Roman Arena) in Bucharest, where she arrived by helicopter "like a diva" Titled "Club Rocker" (2011), the second single from I Am the Club Rocker was moderately successful  It was the subject of a lawsuit when Spanish singer Robert Ramirez sued Play & Win for copying the refrain of his song, "A Minute of Life"; Play & Win won the court case in 2018  Three subsequent singles, "Un Momento" (2011), "Endless" (2011) and "Wow" (2012), were released from the album  "Endless" peaked at number five on the Romanian Top 100, while "Wow" reached the top ten  According to Libertatea, Inna became the highest-paid Romanian and Eastern European artist in 2011 

2012–2016: Party Never Ends and Inna
Televiziunea Română (TVR) approached Inna in early 2012 to represent Romania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, but she turned the offer down due to scheduling conflicts  In the same year, she released the single "Caliente", which she dedicated to her Mexican fans, and "Tu și eu", which received heavy airplay in Romania and peaked at number five there  This was followed by another top ten hit, "Inndia" (2012)  On New Year's Eve, Inna presented a concert at Meydan Racecourse in Dubai She released her third studio album, Party Never Ends, in March 2013, featuring the commercially successful singles "More than Friends" (2013) with Daddy Yankee and "In Your Eyes" (2013) with Yandel  "More than Friends" was controversial, since its writers were accused of plagiarizing Pitbull, Akon and David Rush's "Everybody Fucks" (2012)  Party Never Ends peaked at number ten in Mexico, and was nominated for Best Album at the 2013 and 2014 Romanian Music Awards  In March 2013, Inna was the guest singer on "P O H U I " by the Moldovan music project Carla's Dreams, which reached number three in Romania  In late 2013, Inna contributed to Pitbull's "All the Things" on his EP, Meltdown "Cola Song", a collaboration with J Balvin released under Atlantic Records in April 2014, was successful in Europe, and was certified Platinum by Productores de Música de España (PROMUSICAE)  It promoted the FIFA World Cup 2014, and was used in the dance video game Just Dance 2017  In 2014, Inna collaborated a second time with Pitbull on "Good Time", and was featured on Romanian rapper Puya's "Strigă!", which peaked at number two in Romania  She released her fourth, eponymous studio album in October 2015  Another version of the album, Body and the Sun, was released in Japan in July 2015  One of the singles released from the record was "Diggy Down" (2014), her third number-one hit in Romania  Based on airplay, it won the Best Dance award at the Media Music Awards  Inna's next single, "Bop Bop" (2015), peaked at number two in Romania, and "Rendez Vous" (2016) was certified Gold in Poland  Also in 2015, Inna was the Best Romanian Act and was nominated for Best European Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards  Alexandra Stan's "We Wanna", with Inna and Daddy Yankee, was a moderate hit  Inna also contributed uncredited vocals to Carla's Dreams "Te rog", which went on to reach number one in Romania 

2016–2021: Nirvana, Yo and Heartbreaker
In August 2016, Inna was the opening act at the Untold Festival  She also became a member of the supergroup G Girls, with whom she released two singles ("Call the Police" and "Milk and Honey")  In early 2017, Inna was announced as a coach on Vocea României Junior with Andra and Marius Moga, and in the May of the same year her YouTube channel surpassed two billion total views  The singer's fifth studio album, Nirvana, was released in December 2017  Singles featured on the record included "Gimme Gimme" (2017), "Ruleta" (2017) and "Nirvana" (2017), which attained commercial success in several European countries including Romania and Turkey  "Ruleta" and "Nirvana" peaked at numbers three and two in her native country, respectively  Another pair of top ten singles in Romania, "Nota de plată" and "Pentru că", followed in late 2017 and 2018 with Moldovan group the Motans Inna released her sixth studio album, Yo, in May 2019  Containing songs written solely in Spanish, Inna took entire creative control over the record and worked extensively with Romanian producer David Ciente  She described Yo's material as experimental and gypsy-influenced, a departure from her previous work  "Ra" was released as the record's lead single in September 2018  It was promoted by several public appearances in Mexico and the United States—including the 2018 Telehit Awards and 19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards—as well as by Inna's inclusion in magazines such as Rolling Stone and Vogue México y Latinoamérica  The singer also signed a record deal with Jay-Z's record label Roc Nation  "Iguana", her follow-up single, went on to reach number four in Romania  In August, Inna launched her digital magazine titled InnaMag The non-album release "Bebe" with Ugandan artist Vinka peaked at number one on the native Airplay 100 in March 2020, and was the first in a string of singles that sonically returned to a more EDM sound but also encompassed deep house influences  As of 2020, Inna has been a juror for Pro TV's The Masked Singer Romania show  The singer released her seventh studio album, Heartbreaker, on 27 November 2020, which she created during a three-week period with Romanian songwriters and producers such as Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan, Ciente and Alexandru Cotoi at a mansion from which she uploaded daily YouTube vlogs to document the progress made; the vlogs constituted the first season of Inna's Dance Queen's House series  In January 2021, Inna's single "Read My Lips" (2020) featuring Colombian singer Farina reached number ten in Romania, and by May, Heartbreaker's lead single "Flashbacks" had peaked at number one in Russia and within the top ten in Romania, Ukraine, Bulgaria and the Commonwealth of Independent States  "Cool Me Down" with Gromee, and "It Don't Matter" with Alok and Sofi Tukker also became hits in selected territories  Inna participated as Alok's special guest at the Untold Festival in September 2021, held at Cluj Arena 

2021–present: Champagne Problems and Just Dance
In October 2021, Inna released the non-album single "Up", whose chart success in countries such as Bulgaria, Poland and Russia peaked in early 2022  The track, eventually receiving a remix with Jamaican rapper Sean Paul, also became Inna's fifth number-one in Romania, topping Uniunea Producătorilor de Fonograme din România's (UPFR) airplay ranking  Champagne Problems, the singer's eighth studio album, was issued in two parts in January and March 2022, as the result of the second season of Dance Queen's House  In June 2022, Inna's single "Tare" with the Motans reached the summit of the Romanian airplay chart  Her ninth studio album, Just Dance, was released in 2023 in two parts 

Philanthropy and awards
In late November 2011, Inna joined the anti-domestic violence campaign Durerea nu este iubire (Pain is Not Love) empowering women to stand up to abuse, and signed a petition asking the Romanian government to strengthen a domestic violence law  An activist for children's rights in Romania, she endorsed the 2012 UNICEF No More Invisible Children campaign  Inna began the Bring the Sun Into My Life campaign to increase public awareness of violence against women  She also recorded "Tu tens la força" ("You Have the Power"), a Catalan language cover version of Gala's "Freed from Desire" (1996), for the 2015 Marató de TV3 telethon  Inna participated in Cartoon Network Romania's anti-bullying CN Clubul Prieteniei (CN Friendship Club) in 2016, and recorded a new opening theme for the Romanian-language version of The Powerpuff Girls That year, she and other Romanian celebrities signed an open letter supporting the LGBT community in response to a Romanian Orthodox Church-backed action to amend the constitutional definition of a family  This had been criticized by Romanian and international human-rights groups as curtailing LGBT rights  In March 2022, Inna performed at the We Are One benefit concert in Bucharest, whose aim was to raise funds for Ukraine upon its 2022 invasion by Russia Inna was called "one of Romania's biggest exports" by The Guardian, based on her sales and popularity  She has also received a number of awards and nominations, including five Balkan Music Awards, a European Border Breakers Award, three MTV Europe Music Awards for Best Romanian Act and thirteen Romanian Music Awards  By March 2016, Inna had sold four million copies of her first three studio albums  In 2015, Antena 3 reported that Inna was Romania's best-selling artist abroad 

Personal life
Inna dated her manager Lucian Ștefan for ten years until 2013  In the same year, she began a relationship with the American photographer John Perez, with whom she collaborated on several occasions  Inna began dating Romanian rapper Deliric in 2020  He proposed to her in January 2023  As of March 2017, Inna resided with her mother and grandmother in a villa she bought in Bucharest  She also lives in Barcelona  In May 2018, the singer was hospitalized after collapsing on an unstable stage during her tour in Turkey; the tour was not affected by the event  Inna is multilingual, speaking Romanian, English, Spanish, "a little bit of French" and "a few words in Italian, Arabic, and Russian"; she added that it "help[s] connect easily to different countries and people  It's amazing how music brings us together "

Discography
Studio albums
Hot (2009)
I Am the Club Rocker (2011)
Party Never Ends (2013)
Inna (2015)
Nirvana (2017)
Yo (2019)
Heartbreaker (2020)
Champagne Problems (2022)
Just Dance (2023)
Passage 2:
O Valencia!
"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife 
The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy  It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers  The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang  At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer 

Track listing
The 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side 

Music videos
For the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage  Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea  The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2  The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location  At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape  Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office"  The letters have all burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song  The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers  Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis)  They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan  Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before they gang up on him  The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca  They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch  After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection  2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe  The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town  Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick 
The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums)  The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives"  The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in Bottle Rocket 
Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists video footage 
Passage 3:
Ruleta (Inna song)
"Ruleta" (English: "Roulette") is a song recorded by Romanian singer Inna, featuring collaborative vocals by Romanian performer Erik, for her fifth studio album, Nirvana (2017)  It was made available for digital download and streaming on 21 June 2017 by Global Records as the album's second single  The track was written by Inna, Erik, Marius Dia and Breyan Isaac, while production was handled by Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan and David Ciente  "Ruleta" features lyrics in English and Spanish  It is an EDM and reggaeton-influenced song, with touches of Indian and Caribbean music 
Music critics were positive towards the recording, praising its summery style and noting its commercial appeal  An accompanying music video for "Ruleta" was shot by Barna Nemethi at the Domeniul Greaca resort in Romania  It mainly portrays Inna and other people dancing to the song at a tennis court  Uploaded onto the singer's YouTube channel simultaneously with the single's release, it became trending on the platform worldwide  Commercially, the song reached the top five in Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey 

Background and composition
"Ruleta" was written by Inna, Erik, Marius Dia and Breyan Isaac, while production was handled by Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan and David Ciente  The track features lyrics in both English and Spanish language; some of them include: "Una vida ganaste en la ruleta, con tu movimiento gáname"  Originally, the single release of "Me Gusta" was expected by Jonathan Currinn of CelebMix, with the singer performing it live for Romanian radio station Radio ZU in April 2017  However, "Ruleta" was made available for digital download and streaming on 21 June 2017 by Global Records instead  Musically, it is an EDM and reggaeton-influenced track, containing touches of Indian and Caribbean music  When asked by a Direct Lyrics interviewer to describe the lyrics and sound of "Ruleta", Inna said, "It's summerish, it's cool, it's fun and I dare to say    it's catchy and addictive!"

Reception
Upon its release, "Ruleta" received positive reviews from music critics  Currinn from CelebMix wrote, "this new song has Inna proving that she's multilingual", and compared the style of "Ruleta" to her "Heaven" (2016)  Kevin Apaza, writing for Direct Lyrics thought, "summer doesn't officially start until Romanian pop queen Inna releases her summer single", further calling it "brilliant" and "club-ready"  An editor of Bihoreanul praised the "attractive" rhythms of "Ruleta" and noted its potential commercial success in Romania Commercially, the song debuted at number 32 on Romania's Airplay 100 for the week ending 9 July 2017 as the highest new entry, marking one of Inna's highest debuts on the chart  In late August 2017, "Ruleta" reached its peak position at number three, becoming the singer's highest charting single since "Bop Bop" (2015), which peaked at number two  The track also opened at number 39 on the French Club 40 chart for the week ending 15 July 2017 and rose up to number 26 on the following week  "Ruleta" further charted in other countries, most notably reaching number two in Bulgaria 

Music video
An accompanying music video for "Ruleta" was shot at the Domeniul Greaca resort in Romania by Barna Nemethi, with Marius Apopei serving as the director of photography  Inna recalled the experience, "Actually, I was super chill in that day, super relaxed, just going with the flow  Most of the times, I'm kind of stressed out, because I want everything to be perfect  Not too many funny stuff, just having fun "The clip was uploaded onto her official YouTube channel on 21 June 2017, where it gathered over seven million views in one week, and later 11 million views in 11 days  The video thus became trending on the platform in Romania, Austria, Israel, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Turkey, Norway, Finland, Ireland, Russia, Mexico, Italy, France, Venezuela, Canada, Peru, Ecuador and Chile  The visual features the singer and a huge crowd of background dancers and other people performing to the song at a tennis court, a night bar, a pool and around a bonfire  Inna wears a white hoodie along with an animal print waistcoat, while Erik also makes appearance sporting a yellow-blue jacket, black shorts and sunglasses  Alex Stănescu from InfoMusic called the music video "summery" 

Live performances and other usage
To promote the single, Inna and Erick performed a stripped-down version at Romanian radio stations Kiss FM and Radio ZU on 30 June 2017  Both performances had the same concept, featuring them singing, interspersed with background dancers and two children performing choreography during instrumental parts  Currinn from CelebMix applauded the appearances for Inna's vocal delivery, the singers' chemistry and the dance breaks  Another performance followed on Pro FM in late July 2017, as well as on O Ses Türkiye in December 2018  For Romanian reality talent show Te cunosc de undeva!, Lidia Buble impersonated Inna and delivered a performance of "Ruleta"  On 8 December 2017, Inna made an appearance on the seventh season of Romanian reality singing competition Vocea României to perform the song along with "Nirvana" (2017)  An alternative version of the song titled "La roulette" was released in February 2018, featuring French disc jockey DJ Sem and French singer Matt Houston  This version was registered on the Wallonian Ultratip chart 

Track listing
Digital download"Ruleta" (featuring Erick) – 3:18

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from Adevărul 
Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu – lead vocals, composer
Erik Tchatchoua – featured artist, composer
Sebastian Barac – producer
Marcel Botezan – producer
David Ciente – producer
Marius Dia – composer
Breyan Isaac – composer

Charts
Release history
Passage 4:
Panda (Astro song)
Astro is the first album of long duration (after the EP Le disc of Astrou) of Chilean indie band Astro, released in 2011  The first single from the album was "Ciervos" and followed "Colombo", "Panda" and "Manglares" 
This album was chosen by National Public Radio among the 50 discs of 2012 

Track listing
All tracks written by Andrés Nusser, except where noted 

Ciervos (Deer)
Coco (Coconut)
Colombo
Druida de las nubes (Druid of the clouds)
Panda
Miu-Miu
Manglares (Mangroves)
Mira, está nevando en las pirámides (Look, it's snowing in the pyramids)
Volteretas (Tumbles)
Pepa
Nueces de Bangladesh (Nuts of Bangladesh)
Miu-Miu reaparece (Miu-Miu reappears)

Personnel
Astro

Andrés Nusser – vocals, guitar
Octavio Caviares – drums
Lego Moustache – keyboards, percussion
Zeta Moustache – keyboards, bassProduction

Andrés Nusser – producer, recording and mixing
Chalo González – mixing and mastering
Cristóbal Carvajal – recording
Ignacio Soto – recording
Passage 5:
Caspar Babypants
Caspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist Chris Ballew, who is also the vocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States of America 

History
Ballew's first brush with children's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs to the nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled "PEPS Sing A Long!" Although that was a positive experience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist Kate Endle  Her art inspired Ballew to consider making music that "sounded like her art looked" as he has said  Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the public domain to interpret and make his own  The first album, Here I Am!, was recorded during the summer of 2008 and released in February 2009 
Ballew began to perform solo as Caspar Babypants in the Seattle area in January 2009  Fred Northup, a Seattle-based comedy improvisor, heard the album and offered to play as his live percussionist   Northrup also suggested his frequent collaborator Ron Hippe as a keyboard player  "Frederick Babyshirt" and "Ronald Babyshoes" were the Caspar Babypants live band from May 2009 to April 2012  Both Northup and Hippe appear on some of his recordings but since April 2012 Caspar Babypants has exclusively performed solo  The reasons for the change were to include more improvisation in the show and to reduce the sound levels so that very young children and newborns could continue to attend without being overstimulated  
Ballew has made two albums of Beatles covers as Caspar Babypants  Baby Beatles! came out in September 2013 and Beatles Baby! came out in September 2015 
Ballew runs the Aurora Elephant Music record label, books shows, produces, records, and masters the albums himself  Distribution for the albums is handled by Burnside Distribution in Portland, Oregon 
Caspar Babypants has released a total of 17 albums  The 17th album, BUG OUT!, was released on May 1, 2020  His album FLYING HIGH! was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Children's Album  All 17 of the albums feature cover art by Ballew's wife, Kate Endle 
"FUN FAVORITES!" and "HAPPY HITS!" are two vinyl-only collections of hit songs that Caspar Babypants has released in the last couple of years 

Discography
AlbumsPEPS (2002)
Here I Am! (Released 03/17/09) Special guests: Jen Wood, Fysah Thomas
More Please! (Released 12/15/09) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe
This Is Fun! (Released 11/02/10)  Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Krist Novoselic, Charlie Hope
Sing Along! (Released 08/16/11) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Stone Gossard, Frances England, Rachel Loshak
Hot Dog! (Released 04/17/12) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Rachel Flotard (Visqueen)
I Found You! (Released 12/18/12) Special guests: Steve Turner (Mudhoney), Rachel Flotard (Visqueen), John Richards
Baby Beatles! (Released 09/15/13)
Rise And Shine! (Released 09/16/14)
Night Night! (Released 03/17/15)
Beatles Baby! (Released 09/18/2015)
Away We Go! (Released 08/12/2016)
Winter Party! (Released 11/18/16)
Jump For Joy! (Released 08/18/17)
Sleep Tight! (Released 01/19/18)
Keep It Real! (Released 08/17/18)
Best Beatles! (Released 03/29/19)
Flying High! (Released 08/16/19)
Bug Out! (released 05/1/20)
Happy Heart! (Released 11/13/20)
Easy Breezy! (Released 11/05/21)AppearancesMany Hands: Family Music for Haiti CD (released 2010) – Compilation of various artists
Songs Stories And Friends: Let's Go Play – Charlie Hope (released 2011) – vocals on Alouette
Shake It Up, Shake It Off (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Keep Hoping Machine Running – Songs Of Woody Guthrie (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Apple Apple – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2013) – vocals on Monkey Love
Simpatico – Rennee and Friends (released 2015) – writer and vocals on I Am Not Afraid
Sundrops – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2015) – vocals on Digga Dog Kid
Passage 6:
Jim Bob
James Robert Morrison, known as Jim Bob, is a British musician and author  He was the singer of indie punk band Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine 

Biography
Jim Bob played in various bands during the late 1970s and early 1980s, including Jamie Wednesday, who were performing between 1984 and 1987  In 1987 Jamie Wednesday split up just before a gig at the London Astoria  Morrison and Les "Fruitbat" Carter filled in, playing along to a backing tape, and Carter USM was born  Jim Bob and Les Carter had known each other since the late 1970s, when their bands The Ballpoints (featuring Jim on vocals) and Dead Clergy (Les on bass and vocals) used to rehearse at the same studio behind Streatham station  When The Ballpoints' bassist quit at the end of 1980, Carter joined the band, who than went on to play several gigs under the name Peter Pan's Playground 
He was a member of Carter USM  The band split up in 1997  Since Carter USM, Jim Bob has released two albums and three singles with his disco-pop-punk group Jim's Super Stereoworld, seven solo albums as Jim Bob or James Robert Morrison, and played various live shows both with his band and solo   In 2001, he joined his old Carter bandmate Fruitbat on stage once again, as part of the group Who's The Daddy Now? 
In 2005, Cherry Red released a DVD of a live solo acoustic performance, titled Live From London, featuring songs from his solo career as well as many Carter USM tracks  This was followed by a concept album, School, released in March 2006 
A best-of album was released in the autumn of 2006, accompanied by a UK tour  This was originally intended as a download-only release, but a physical CD was produced  The album was accompanied by a free CD of Jim Bob and Jim's Super Stereoworld rarities  The cover design was re-worked by Jim Bob from an image by Jim Connolly 
The album A Humpty Dumpty Thing was released in November 2007 by Cherry Red Records  The album came with a Jim Bob-penned-mini novel, "Word Count"  A single from the album, "Battling The Bottle", was released with Jim Bob's re-working of the children's song "The Wheels on the Bus" on the B-side 
Jim Bob's next solo record, Goffam, was a semi-concept album about a city in the grip of crime, deserted by its superheroes  He toured the UK in April and September 2009 promoting the album 
In December 2009 Jim Bob performed his 2004 song "Angelstrike!" as part of the shows The Return of 9 Lessons and Carols for Godless People for two nights at the Bloomsbury Theatre and at Hammersmith Apollo  This was broadcast on BBC4 television under the title 'Nerdstack' 
His debut novel Storage Stories was released  on the day of a UK general election, 6 May 2010, by Ten Forty Books  This was followed by three novels with major publishers: Driving Jarvis Ham, The Extra Ordinary Life of Frank Derrick, Age 81 and Frank Derrick's Holiday of a Lifetime 
Jim Bob's autobiography, Goodnight Jim Bob – On The Road With Carter The Unstoppable Sex Machine, was published by Cherry Red Books in 2004  The sequel, Jim Bob from Carter, was published by Cherry Red Books on 23 March 2019  The double novel A Godawful Small Affair and Harvey King Unboxes His Family, written under the name J B  Morrison, was published by Cherry Red Books in March 2020 
The 26-second song "2020 WTF!" was released in March 2020 on Cherry Red Records  It was the first single from Jim Bob's August 2020 album, Pop Up Jim Bob  The second single, "Jo's Got Papercuts", followed in June, and a third, "If it Ain't Broke", was released in July 
The album Pop Up Jim Bob was released on Cherry Red Records on 14 August 2020  Entering the official UK album chart at number 26, it was Jim Bob's first top-30 LP since Carter The Unstoppable Sex Machine 
Jim Bob's 13th solo album, Who Do We Hate Today, was released on Cherry Red Records on 20 August 2021 and reached 34 in the UK album charts, his second top-40 solo LP 

Solo discography
All releases credited as Jim Bob unless otherwise stated  See Carter USM and Jamie Wednesday for those bands' discographies 

Albums
Jim's Super Stereoworld, 2001 (Jim's Super Stereoworld)
JR, 2001 (James Robert Morrison)
Big Flash Car on a Saturday Night, 2002 (Jim's Super Stereoworld)
Goodnight Jim Bob, 2003
Angelstrike!, 2004
School, 2006
Best of Jim Bob, 2006
A Humpty Dumpty Thing, November 2007
Goffam, April 2009
What I Think About When I Think About You, November 2013
Jim Bob Sings Again, November 2016
Pop Up Jim Bob, August 2020 
Who Do We Hate Today, August 2021
The Essential Jim Bob, November 2022
Thanks for Reaching Out, June 2023

Singles
Jim's Super Stereoworld – "Bonkers in the Nut", 1999
Jim's Super Stereoworld – "Could U B The 1 I Waited 4", 1999
Jim's Super Stereoworld – "Bubblegum EP", 2002
"Dumb and Dumber", March 2005
"Battling The Bottle (Fighting The Flab, At War with the World)", November 2007
"The Man Behind the Counter of the Science Fiction Superstore", Marc 2009
"Our Heroes", June 2009
"Dream Come True", September 2013
"Breaking News", October 2013
"2020 WTF!", April 2020

Other releases
Acoustic Party 7A Free CD recorded by Morrison at home and given away to the first 10 people to visit the T-shirt stall and ask for Marc or Neil on the October 2003 tour

Stolen from Westlife25 readers of Morrison's book won a copy of the CD 'Stolen From Westlife' – 8 cover versions recorded by Morrison – after answering some questions posed by the author on page 95 

BuskerA free CD recorded by Morrison and containing six acoustic covers, the CD is currently being issued only to members of Morrison's "street team"  The CD includes a cover of a track originally written and recorded by his former Carter bandmate Les Carter 

DVDs
Live From London, 2005A DVD featuring a live acoustic performance of Jim Bob songs and Carter USM songs   Bonus features include an interview with Morrison, Morrison reading excerpts from his autobiography and the video for the Jim's Super Stereoworld song "Bubblegum" 

NATIONAL TREASURE – Live at the Shepherd’s Bush Empire , July 2019

Bibliography
Non-fiction

Goodnight Jim Bob (2006) – On the Road With Carter The Unstoppable Sex Machine Jim Bob's autobiographic tale of his time on tour with Carter USM  Published by Cherry Red Books 
Jim Bob from Carter: In the Shadow of my Former Self (2019) Published by Cherry Red BooksFiction

Storage Stories (2010) – Jim Bob's debut novel, which took six years to write  described as a darkly comic rollercoaster ride full of thrills, spills and warm sick on the back of the neck  Published by 1040 Books 
Driving Jarvis Ham (2012) – Jim Bob's second novel, following the life of the awkward character of Jarvis Ham, from the perspective of his oldest friend  A brilliantly witty story of unconventional, unwavering, and regularly exasperating friendship  Published by The Friday Club/HarperCollins 
The Extra Ordinary Life of Frank Derrick, Age 81 (June 2014) – Under the name J B  Morrison  Published by Pan Macmillan 
Frank Derrick's Holiday Of A Lifetime (2015) Published by Pan Macmillan
A Godawful Small Affair b/w Harvey King Unboxes His Family (2020) – Under the name J B  Morrison  Published by Cherry Red Books
Passage 7:
Kristian Leontiou
Kristian Leontiou (born February 1982) is an English singer  Formerly a solo artist, he is the lead singer of indie rock band One eskimO 

Early life
Kristian Leontiou was born in London, England and is of Greek Cypriot descent  He went to Hatch End High School in Harrow and worked several jobs in and around London whilst concentrating on music when he had any free time   In 2003 he signed a major record deal with Polydor  At the time, Leontiou was dubbed "the new Dido" by some media outlets  His debut single "Story of My Life" was released in June 2004 and reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart  His second single "Shining" peaked at #13 whilst the album Some Day Soon was certified gold selling in excess of 150,000 copies 
Leontiou toured the album in November 2004 taking him to the US to work with L A Reid, Chairman of the Island Def Jam music group   Unhappy with the direction his career was going, on a flight back from the US in 2004 he decided to take his music in a new direction   Splitting from his label in late 2005, he went on to collaborate with Faithless on the song "Hope & Glory" for their album ‘'To All New Arrivals'’   It was this release that saw him unleash the One eskimO moniker   It was through working with Rollo Armstrong on the Faithless album, that Rollo got to hear an early demo of "Astronauts" from the One eskimO project  Being more than impressed by what he heard, Rollo opened both his arms and studio doors to Leontiou and they began to co-produce the ‘'All Balloons’' album 
It was at this time that he paired up with good friend Adam Falkner, a drummer/musician, to introduce a live acoustic sound to the album  They recorded the album with engineer Phill Brown (engineer for Bob Marley and Robert Plant) at Ark studios in St John's Wood where they recorded live then headed back to Rollo's studio to add the cinematic electro touches that are prominent on the album 
Shortly after its completion, One eskimO's "Hometime" was used on a Toyota Prius advert in the USA  The funds from the advert were then used to develop the visual aspect of One eskimO  He teamed up with friend Nathan Erasmus (Gravy Media Productions) along with animation team Smuggling Peanuts (Matt Latchford and Lucy Sullivan) who together began to develop the One eskimO world, the first animation produced was for the track ‘Hometime’ which went on to win a British animation award in 2008 
In 2008 Leontiou started a new management venture with ATC Music  By mid-2008 Time Warner came on board to develop all 10 One eskimO animations which were produced the highly regarded Passion Pictures in London   Now with all animation complete and a debut album, One eskimO prepare to unveil themselves fully to the world in summer 2009 
Leontiou released a cover version of Tracy Chapman's "Fast Car", which was originally released as a single in 2005  Leontiou's version was unable to chart, however, due to there being no simultaneous physical release alongside the download single, a UK chart rule that was in place at the time  On 24 April 2011, the song entered the singles chart at number 88 due to Britain's Got Talent contestant Michael Collings covering the track on the show on 16 April 2011 

Discography
Albums
Singles
Notes
A  - Originally released as a single in April 2005, Leontiou's version of "Fast Car" did not chart until 2011 in the UK 

Also featured on
Now That's What I Call Music! 58 (Story of My Life)
Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! OST, Love Love Songs - The Ultimate Love Collection (Shining)
Summerland OST (The Crying)
Passage 8:
Astrid North
Astrid North (Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973, West Berlin – 25 June 2019, Berlin) was a German soul singer and songwriter  She was the singer of the German band Cultured Pearls, with whom she released five Albums  As guest singer of the band Soulounge she published three albums 

Career
North had her first experiences as a singer with her student band Colorful Dimension in Berlin  In March 1992 she met B  La (Bela Braukmann) and Tex Super (Peter Hinderthür) who then studied at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg and who were looking for a singer for their band Cultured Pearls  The trio entered the German charts with four singles and four albums 

In 1994 North sang for the dance-pop band Big Light on their hit single Trouble Is  In 1996 she was a guest on the side project Little Red Riding Hood by Fury in the Slaughterhouse brothers Kai and Thorsten Wingenfelder which resulted in the release of the single Life's Too Short from the eponymous album The song Sleepy Eyes, texted and sung by North, appears in the soundtrack of the movie Tor zum Himmel (2003) by director Veit Helmer  In 2003 she appeared at the festival Das Fest in Karlsruhe and sang alongside her own songs a cover version of the Aerosmith hit Walk This Way together with the German singer Sasha  North also toured with the American singer Gabriel Gordon After the end of her band Cultured Pearls in 2003 North moved 2004 to New York City to write new songs, work with a number of different musicians and to experiment with her music In 2005 she joined the charity project Home, which produced an album for the benefit of the orphans from the Beluga School for Life in Thailand which have been affected by the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 and the subsequent tsunami  Beside the orphans themselves also the following artists have been involved, guitarist Henning Rümenapp (Guano Apes), Kai Wingenfelder (Fury in the Slaughterhouse), Maya Saban and others  With Bobby Hebb Astrid North recorded a new version of his classic hit Sunny  It was the first time Hebb sung this song as duett and it appeared on his last album That's All I Wanna Know 
North sang in 2006 My Ride, Spring Is Near and No One Can Tell on the album The Ride by Basic Jazz Lounge, a project by jazz trumpeter Joo Kraus  In addition, she worked as a workshop lecturer of the Popkurs at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg 
In spring 2010 North performed as the opening act of the Fakebling-Tour of Miss Platnum  The magazine Der Spiegel described her as one of the "leading ladies of the local soul scene"  On 20 July 2012 her solo debut album North was released 
On 16 September 2016 Astrid North released her second solo album, Precious Ruby, dedicated to her grandmother Precious Ruby North  North used crowdfunding to finance the album  The first single published from this album was the song Miss Lucy  In 2016 she also started her concert series North-Lichter in Berlin's Bar jeder Vernunft to which she invited singers such as Katharina Franck, Elke Brauweiler, Lizzy Scharnofske, Mia Diekow, Lisa Bassenge or Iris Romen 

Life
Astrid North was born in West Berlin, West Germany to Sondria North and Wolf-Dieter Radmann  She commuted between her birth city and her family in Houston, Texas until she was nine years old  In the USA she lived mainly with her grandparents and her time there significantly shaped her musical development Besides her music career Astrid North worked also as lecturer in Hamburg at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater and as yoga teacher  North was the mother of two children, her daughter was born in 2001 and her son in 2006  Her sister Ondria North works as make-up artist and hair stylist in the German film industry 
She died in June 2019 at the age of 45 years from pancreatic cancer 

Discography
with Cultured PearlsAlbums

1996: Sing Dela Sing (German chart position 92, 3 weeks)
1997: Space Age Honeymoon (German chart position 54, 6 weeks)
1999: Liquefied Days (German chart position 19, 9 weeks)
2002: Life on a Tuesday (German chart position 74, 1 week)Singles

1996: Tic Toc (1996) (German chart position 65, 10 weeks)
1997: Sugar Sugar Honey (German chart position 72, 9 weeks)
1998: Silverball (German chart position 99, 2 weeks)
1999: Kissing the Sheets (German chart position 87, 9 weeks)with Soulounge

2003: The Essence of the Live Event – Volume One
2004: Home
2006: Say It AllSolo

2005: Sunny (Single, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2012: North (Album, 20  Juli 2012)
2013: North Live (Album, live recordings from different venues in Germany)
2016: Sunny (Compilation, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2016: Precious Ruby (Album, 16  September 2016)as guest singer

1994: Trouble Is – Big Light (Single)
1996: Life's Too Short – Little Red Riding Hood (Single)
2006: Basic Jazz Lounge: The Ride – Joo Kraus (Album)
Passage 9:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb
Passage 10:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Context 2: Passage 1:
Michel Barbey
Michel Barbey (1927-) is a French stage, film, and television actor known for his comic roles  He starred in the 1950 film Dominique 

Selected filmography
Lawless Roads (1947)
Rendezvous in July (1949)
The Wolf (1949)
Cartouche, King of Paris (1950)
Dominique (1950)
The Girl with the Whip (1952)
The Secret of the Mountain Lake (1952)
Their Last Night (1953)
The Case of Doctor Laurent (1957)
La Horse (1970)
Passage 2:
Chris Segar
Chris Segar is a Welsh television presenter best known for presenting the consumer affairs programme The Ferret since 1996 

Career
Chris Segar started his career as a daily newspaper reporter and from 1963 (maybe) worked for Radio Clwyd and BBC Wales before moving to ITV Wales, where he has specialised in presenting current affairs programmes such as Wales This Week and The Ferret  He has also directed and produced documentary programmes Segar has also presented Welsh and Wealthy and Segar On Success on ITV1 Wales 

Personal life
Segar is married and has a son, daughter, stepson, and six grandchildren  He lives in Cardiff and also has a home in France 
Passage 3:
René Clément
René Clément (French: [ʁəne klemɑ̃]; 18 March 1913 – 17 March 1996) was a French film director and screenwriter  He is known for directing the films The Battle of the Rails (1946), Forbidden Games (1952), Gervaise (1956), Purple Noon (1960), and Is Paris Burning (1966)  He received numerous accolades including five prizes at the Cannes Film Festival and the Honorary César in 1984 

Early life
Clément studied architecture at the École des Beaux-Arts where he developed an interest in filmmaking  In 1936, he directed his first film, a 20-minute short written by and featuring Jacques Tati  Clément spent the latter part of the 1930s making documentaries in parts of the Middle East and Africa  In 1937, he and archaeologist Jules Barthou were in Yemen making preparations to film a documentary, the first ever of that country and one that includes the only known film image of Imam Yahya 

Career
Almost ten years passed before Clément directed a feature but his French Resistance film, La Bataille du rail (1945), gained much critical and commercial success  From there Clément became one of his country's most successful and respected directors, garnering numerous awards including two films that won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the first in 1950 for The Walls of Malapaga (Au-delà des grilles) and the second time two years later for Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)  Clément had international success with several films but his star-studded 1966 epic Is Paris Burning?, written by Gore Vidal and Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Paul Graetz was a costly box office failure 
He began directing Play Dirty (a k a  Written in the Sand) but quit early in production due to disputes with the film's producer Harry Saltzman  He directed the thriller Joy House (1964) with Jane Fonda and Alain Delon  
In May 2023 On Watch What Happens Live! with Andy Cohen, Fonda alleged that Clément sexually harassed her during the film's production telling her that the film involved a love scene and that she needed to sleep with him so that he could judge her orgasm  During the production he was 51 and she was 27 In 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival  Clément continued to make a few films until his retirement in 1975, including an international success with Rider on the Rain that starred Charles Bronson and Marlène Jobert  In 1984 the French motion picture industry honored his lifetime contribution to film with a special César Award 

Personal life
Clément's second wife was Irish-born screenwriter Johanna Harwood whom he had met on the set of his 1954 film Monsieur Ripois 

Death
Clément died on 17 March 1996, a day before his 83rd birthday and was buried in the local cemetery in Menton on the French Riviera where he had spent his years in retirement 

Films
Director
Soigne ton gauche, 1936
Paris la nuit, 1939
La Bataille du rail (Battle of the Rails), 1946
Le Père tranquille (Mr  Orchid), 1946
Les Maudits (The Damned), 1947
Au-delà des grilles (The Walls of Malapaga), 1949
Le Château de verre (Glass Castle), 1950
Jeux interdits (Forbidden Games), 1952
Monsieur Ripois (Knave of Hearts), 1954
Gervaise, 1956
This Angry Age (Barrage contre le Pacifique, La Diga sul Pacifico), 1958
Plein soleil (Purple Noon), 1960
Quelle joie de vivre (The Joy of Living, Che gioia vivere), 1961
Le Jour et l'Heure (The Day and the Hour), 1963
Les Félins (Love Cage/Joy House), 1964
Paris brûle-t-il? (Is Paris Burning?), 1966
Le Passager de la pluie (Rider on the Rain), 1969
La Maison sous les arbres (The Deadly Trap), 1971
La Course du lièvre à travers les champs (   and Hope to Die), 1972
La Baby-Sitter (Wanted: Babysitter), 1975

Actor
Plein soleil (1960) - Le serveur maladroit (uncredited)
The Joy of Living (1963) - French General
Yoroppa tokkyu (1984) - (final film role)

Accolades
1946: International Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival - La Bataille du rail (Battle of the Rails)
1949: Cannes Film Festival Best Director award - Au-delà des grilles (The Walls of Malapaga)
1952: Lion d'or at the Venice Film Festival - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1952: New York Film Critics Circle Awards for Best Foreign Language Film - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1953: BAFTA Award for Best Film - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1954: Prix du jury at Cannes Film Festival - Monsieur Ripois (Lover Boy)
1956: Lion d'or at the Venice Film Festival - Gervaise
1956: BAFTA Award for Best Film - Gervaise
Passage 4:
The War of the Volcanoes
The War of the Volcanoes (Italian original title La guerra dei vulcani) is a 2012 documentary film directed by Francesco Patierno detailing the filming of Roberto Rossellini's 1950 film Stromboli starring Ingrid Bergman and the 1950 film Volcano starring Anna Magnani 

External links
The War of the Volcanoes at IMDb
Passage 5:
The Glass Castle (2017 film)
The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham, and Marti Noxon  It is based on Jeannette Walls' 2005 best-selling memoir of the same name  Depicting Walls' childhood,  where her family lived in poverty and sometimes as squatters, the film stars Brie Larson as Walls, with Naomi Watts, Woody Harrelson, Max Greenfield, and Sarah Snook in supporting roles 
The Glass Castle was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics  They praised the performances of its cast, particularly Larson, but criticized the emotional tones and adaptation  The film grossed $22 million in North America 

Plot
As a child, Jeannette Walls lives a nomadic life with her painter mother Rose, her intelligent but irresponsible father Rex, older sister Lori, and younger brother Brian  While cooking unsupervised, Jeannette is severely burned  At the hospital, a doctor and social worker question her home life, but Rex distracts the staff and escapes with Jeannette  The family leaves town, and Jeannette is enchanted by Rex’s plans for the family’s dream house, a glass castle 
The family soon includes Jeannette’s infant sister Maureen, and remains on the move for years, eventually relocating to a dilapidated house in Utah  Jeannette nearly drowns when a drunk Rex aggressively teaches her to swim  He assaults the lifeguard, forcing the family – now pursued by the law and with no money – to go to Welch, West Virginia, where the children meet their grandparents and uncle Stanley  
Rex moves his family into a ramshackle house in the wilderness, living without running water, gas, or electricity  When the family has not eaten in days, Rex takes their remaining money to buy food, but returns home drunk after a fight  Sewing up his wound, Jeannette asks him to stop drinking, and Rex ties himself to his bed, successfully enduring withdrawal  He lands a job as a construction worker and the family enjoys a comfortable Christmas 
The parents attend the funeral of Rose’s mother in Texas, leaving the children with their grandparents in Welch  The sisters discover Erma sexually assaulting Brian and attack her, but are pulled away by Stanley  When their parents return, Rex refuses to listen to his children about the incident  The family returns home and he resumes drinking, leading to a violent altercation with Rose  Jeannette is unable to convince her mother to leave Rex, and the siblings promise to care for each other and escape their poverty 
As a teenager, Jeannette is drawn to journalism  The siblings have now saved enough money for Lori to leave for New York City, infuriating Rex; Jeannette prepares to do the same  Erma dies, and after the funeral, Jeannette is pulled into her father’s scheme to hustle his acquaintance Robbie at pool  He loses to Rex and unwittingly reveals Jeannette’s plan to move to New York City  She accompanies Robbie upstairs and he attempts to rape her, but she shows her scars from her childhood burns and leaves  
At home, she discovers her father has stolen her savings, but escapes from home anyway  Attending college in New York City, Jeannette faces financial difficulties and prepares to drop out, but Rex arrives with a pile of gambling winnings, telling her to follow her dreams 
By 1989, Jeannette is a gossip columnist for New York magazine and engaged to marry David, a financial analyst  At dinner with a client of David’s, Jeannette lies about her parents  On the way home, she sees her now-homeless parents dumpster diving  She later meets with her mother, who is dismissive of her engagement  Jeannette and David visit her family at the abandoned building where her parents are squatting  Brian, now a police officer, and Lori live comfortably, but Maureen has moved in with their parents  Rex and David drunkenly arm wrestle and David wins, but Rex punches him in the nose anyway  Returning home, David tells Jeannette that he wants nothing more to do with her parents 
Maureen calls Jeannette to explain that she is moving to California  At her engagement party, Jeannette discovers that her parents have owned valuable land – now worth almost $1 million – since she was a child, but chose never to sell  Furious at Rex’s refusal to admit to the pain he caused his family, Jeannette bans him from her life  Some time later, Jeannette is unhappily married to David  Rose reaches out to tell her Rex is dying, but Jeannette refuses to see him  At dinner with another of David’s clients, Jeannette finds the courage to reveal the truth about her parents  She races to her father, and they reconcile before he dies  The following Thanksgiving, Jeannette – now a freelance writer living alone – celebrates with her family, reminiscing about Rex’s unconventional life 

Cast
Brie Larson as Jeannette Walls
Chandler Head as Jeannette Walls (age 8)
Ella Anderson as Jeannette Walls (age 11)
Naomi Watts as Rose Mary Walls
Woody Harrelson as Rex Walls
Sarah Snook as Lori Walls
Olivia Kate Rice as Lori Walls (age 10)
Sadie Sink as Lori Walls (age 13)
Josh Caras as Brian Walls
Iain Armitage as Brian Walls (age 6)
Charlie Shotwell as Brian Walls (age 9)
Brigette Lundy-Paine as Maureen Walls
Charlie and Noemie Guyon as Baby Maureen Walls
Eden Grace Redfield as three-year-old Maureen Walls
Shree Crooks as Young Maureen Walls
Max Greenfield as David
Dominic Bogart as Robbie
Joe Pingue as Uncle Stanley
Robin Bartlett as Erma

Production
In April 2012, Lionsgate was reported to have acquired the rights to the book and Jennifer Lawrence was in talks to star in the film  In October 2013, it was noted that director Destin Daniel Cretton was in talks to direct the film and re-write the screenplay with Andrew Lanham from a previous draft by Marti Noxon  In October 2015, Brie Larson joined the cast of the film, replacing Lawrence; she had exited the film after a prolonged search for a male lead  In November 2015, Woody Harrelson joined the cast of the film as the father  In March 2016, Naomi Watts joined the cast as the mother  In April 2016, Max Greenfield and Sarah Snook joined the cast  In May 2016, Ella Anderson joined the cast Principal photography began on May 20, 2016, in Welch, West Virginia 

Release
The Glass Castle was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate 

Box office
The Glass Castle grossed $22 million in the United States and Canada
Context 3: Passage 1:
Hugh Evelyn Wortham
Hugh Evelyn Wortham (7 May 1884 – 9 July 1959), best known as H  E  Wortham was an English biographer, journalist, music critic and writer 
Wortham was educated at King's College, Cambridge and received an MA in 1921  He worked as a foreign correspondent, editor and journalist in Egypt, 1909–1919  From 1934 up until his death he wrote articles in the 'London Day by Day' column under the pseudonym 'Peterborough' in The Daily Telegraph Wortham was the nephew of Oscar Browning  In June 1923 Browning sent a letter to Wortham requesting him to write a biography about his life  In 1927, he authored a biography of Browning  It was reprinted and revised in 1956 under the title Victorian Eton and Cambridge: Being the Life and Times of Oscar Browning 

Publications
A Musical Odyssey (1924)
Oscar Browning (1927)
Mustapha Kemal of Turkey (1930)
Three Women: St  Teresa, Madame de Choiseul, Mrs  Eddy (1930)
Edward VII, Man and King (1931)
The Delightful Profession: Edward VII, a Study in Kingship (1931)
Chinese Gordon (1933)
Gordon: An Intimate Portrait (1933)
Victorian Eton and Cambridge: Being the Life and Times of Oscar Browning (1956)
Passage 2:
John Metgod
Johannes Anthonius Bernardus Metgod (born 27 February 1958) is a Dutch former professional footballer who works as assistant manager of United Arab Emirates 

Club career
Playing as a centre-back, Metgod started his professional career in the 1970s playing for HFC Haarlem  After one season with Haarlem, he moved to play for AZ Alkmaar, spending six years at the club, including their UEFA Cup final defeat against English side Ipswich Town, during which he scored a goal in the 4–2 second leg win 
In 1982, Metgod moved to Spain to play for Real Madrid  He then moved to England in 1984 to sign for Nottingham Forest, where he was a regular player for three seasons before signing for Tottenham Hotspur in 1987  He spent just one season with the North London club before he moved back to the Netherlands, where he signed for Feyenoord  He spent six years at Feyenoord before finally retiring as a player in 1994 

International career
Metgod won 21 caps for the Netherlands national team, scoring four goals 

Style of play
Metgod was noted for his free-kicks, particularly during his spell at Nottingham Forest 

Coaching career
After retiring Metgod became a coach, working for Excelsior Rotterdam and Feyenoord 
On 11 November 2008, Metgod was appointed first team coach by Portsmouth, but left the club on 8 February 2009 when manager Tony Adams was sacked On 21 May 2009, Metgod was appointed as a first team coach at Derby County, but left the club in October 2013 along with the rest of the coaching staff, following the dismissal of manager Nigel Clough In January 2014, Metgod was appointed as an assistant at Colorado Rapids 
In July 2014, Metgod was appointed as a scout at Brighton & Hove Albion 
On 1 July 2015, Metgod was appointed as a technical manager at ADO Den Haag and left in June 2016 
On 10 April 2017, Metgod was added to the staff at Granada CF by trainer Tony Adams, but left the club in May 2017 when manager Adams was sacked 
On 8 January 2018, Metgod was added to the staff at Nottingham Forest by trainer Aitor Karanka, but left the club on 10 January 2019 when manager Aitor Karanka resigned as coach  However, he continued at the club as a part of the board 
On 21 March 2019, he left Nottingham to become the assistant manager of United Arab Emirates national football team 

Personal life
Metgod was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands  Metgod's son, Dimitri, is also a professional footballer, playing as midfielder, whereas John's younger brother, Edward, is a retired goalkeeper 

Honours
AZ

Eredivisie: 1980–81: runner-up 1979–80
KNVB Cup: 1977–78, 1981, 1981–82
UEFA Cup: runner-up 1980–81Real Madrid

La Liga: runner-up 1982–83, 1983–84
Copa del Rey: runner-up 1982–83
Supercopa de España: runner-up 1982
Copa de la Liga: runner-up 1982–83
European Cup Winners' Cup: runner-up 1983Feyenoord

Eredivisie: 1992–93; runner-up 1993–94
KNVB Cup: 1990–91, 1992, 1993–94
Johan Cruijff Shield: 1991
Passage 3:
W  Augustus Barratt
W  Augustus Barratt (3 June 1873 – 12 April 1947) was a Scottish-born, later American, songwriter and musician 

Early life and songs
Walter Augustus Barratt was born 3 June 1873 in Kilmarnock, the son of composer John Barratt; the family later lived in Paisley  In 1893 he won a scholarship for composition to the Royal College of Music 
In his early twenties he contributed to The Scottish Students' Song Book, with three of his own song compositions and numerous arrangements 
By the end of 1897 he had published dozens of songs, such as Sir Patrick Spens, The Death of Cuthullin, an album of his own compositions, and arrangements of ten songs by Samuel Lover 
He then, living in London, turned his attention to staged musical comedy, co-creating, with Adrian Ross, The Tree Dumas Skiteers, a skit, based on Sydney Grundy's The Musketeers that starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree  He co-composed with Howard Talbot the successful Kitty Grey (1900) He continued to write songs and to receive recognition for them  The 1901 and 1902 BBC Promenade Concerts, "The Proms", included four of his compositions, namely Come back, sweet Love, The Mermaid, My Peggy and Private Donald 
His setting of My Ships, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, was performed by Clara Butt and republished several times  It also appeared four times, with different singers, in the 1913 and 1914 Proms 

America
In September 1904 he went to live in New York City, finding employment with shows on Broadway, including the following roles:

on-stage actor (Sir Benjamin Backbite) in Lady Teazle (1904-1905), a musical version of The School for Scandal;
musical director of The Little Michus (1907), also featuring songs by Barratt;
co-composer of Miss Pocahontas (1907), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Love Cure (1909–1910), a musical romance;
composer of The Girl and the Drummer (1910), a musical romance with book by George Broadhurst  Tried out in Chicago and elsewhere, it did not do well and never reached Broadway;
musical director of The Quaker Girl (1911–1912);
co-composer and musical director of My Best Girl (1912);
musical director of The Sunshine Girl (1913);
musical director of The Girl who Smiles (1915), a musical comedy;
musical director and contributor to music and lyrics of Her Soldier Boy (1916–1917);
composer, lyricist and musical director of Fancy Free (1918), with book by Dorothy Donnelly and Edgar Smith;
contributor of a song to The Passing Show of 1918;
composer and musical director of Little Simplicity (1918), with book and lyrics by Rida Johnson Young;
contributor of lyrics to The Melting of Molly (1918–1919), a musical comedy;
musical director of What's in a Name? (1920), a musical revue

1921 in London
Though domiciled in the US, he made several visits back to England  During an extended stay in 1921 he played a major part in the creation of two shows, both produced by Charles B  Cochran, namely

League of Notions, at the New Oxford Theatre, for which he composed the music and co-wrote, with John Murray Anderson, the lyrics;
Fun of the Fayre, at the London Pavilion, for which similarly he wrote the music and co-wrote the lyrics

Back to Broadway
Back in the US he returned to Broadway, working as
composer and lyricist of Jack and Jill (1923), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Silver Swan (1929), a musical romance

Radio plays
In later years he wrote plays and operettas mostly for radio, such as:

Snapshots: a radioperetta (1929)
Sushannah and the Brush Wielders: a play in 1 act (1929)
The Magic Voice: a radio series (1933)
Men of Action: a series of radio sketches (1933)
Say, Uncle: a radio series (1933)
Sealed Orders: a radio drama (1934)
Sergeant Gabriel (with Hugh Abercrombie) (1945)

Personal
In 1897 in London he married Lizzie May Stoner  They had one son  In 1904 he emigrated to the US and lived in New York City  His first marriage ended in divorce in 1915 and, in 1918, he married Ethel J Moore, who was American  In 1924, he became a naturalized American citizen  He died on 12 April 1947 in New York City 

Note on his first name
The book British Musical Biography by Brown & Stratton (1897) in its entry for John Barratt refers to "his son William Augustus Barratt" with details that make it clear that Walter Augustus Barratt is the same person and that a "William" Augustus Barratt is a mistake  For professional purposes up to about 1900 he appears to have written as "W  Augustus Barratt", and thereafter mostly as simply "Augustus Barratt" 
Passage 4:
John Littlejohn
John Wesley Funchess (April 16, 1931 – February 1, 1994) known professionally as John (or Johnny) Littlejohn, was an American electric blues slide guitarist  He was active on the Chicago blues circuit from the 1950s to the 1980s 

Biography
Born in Lake, Mississippi, Littlejohn first learned to play the blues from Henry Martin, a friend of his father's  In 1946 he left home and traveled widely, spending time in Jackson, Mississippi; Arkansas; Rochester, New York; and Gary, Indiana  He settled in Gary in 1951, playing whenever possible in the nearby Chicago area  Through his connections in Gary, he was acquainted with Joe Jackson, the patriarch of the musical Jackson family, and Littlejohn and his band reputedly served as an occasional rehearsal band for the Jackson 5 in the mid- to late 1960s 
Littlejohn played regularly in Chicago clubs (he was filmed by drummer Sam Lay playing with Howlin' Wolf's band about 1961) but did not make any studio recordings until 1966, when he cut singles for several record labels  Later that year he recorded an album for Arhoolie Records and four songs for Chess Records  The Chess tracks were not issued at the time He recorded a few singles for small local labels but did not record another album until 1985, when Rooster Blues issued So-Called Friends  Soon after, he fell into ill health  He died of renal failure in Chicago, on February 1, 1994, at the age of 62 

Discography
Albums
Chicago Blues Stars (Arhoolie Records, 1969)
Funky From Chicago (BluesWay, 1973)
Dream (MCM, 1977)
Sweet Little Angel (Black & Blue, 1978)
Easy Blues (Lafayette Leak, 1978)
Blues Show! Live At The Pit Inn (P-Vine, 1982; co-featuring Carey Bell)
So-Called Friends (Rooster Blues, 1985)
John Littlejohn's Blues Party (Wolf Records, 1989)
When Your Best Friend Turns His Back On You (JSP Records, 1989)
Dream (Storyville Records, 1995; recorded live in 1976)
Sweet Little Angel (Black And Blue Records, 2006)

Compilation albums
Slidin' (Chess Records, 1991, with Elmore James and Hound Dog Taylor)

Singles
"Kitty O" / "Johnny's Jive" (Margaret Records, 1966)
"What In The World (You Gonna Do)" / "Can't Be Still" (Terrell Records, 1966)
"Father Popcorn (just Got To Town)" (T-S-D Records, 1968, backed by "I Am Back Home" by Bo Dud and Johnny Twist)
"29 Ways" / "I Need Lovin'" (T-S-D Records, 1968)
"Dream/Catfish Blues" (Joliet Records, 1968)
"Shake Your Moneymaker" (Love Records, 1970)
"She's 19 Years Old" / "I Wanna Go Home" (Ace Records, 1975)
"Poor Man's Blues" (Full Scope Records, 1980)
"Bloody Tears" / "Just Got In Town" (Weis Records)
Passage 5:
Jackie Scott
John "Jackie" Scott (22 December 1933 – June 1978), also known as Jack Scott or Johnny Scott, was a former Northern Ireland international footballer and football manager who played as an outside forward for Manchester United, Grimsby Town and York City in the 1950s and 1960s 

Club career
Born in Belfast, Scott played football for Boyland Youth Club and Ormond Star in Northern Ireland, before moving to England as an apprentice with Manchester United  He signed his first professional contract with United in October 1951, and made his debut a year later, playing on the left wing in a 6–2 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers on 4 October 1952  However, due to the competition for places in the Manchester United first team, Scott's appearances were few and far between, having made just three appearances when he left for Grimsby Town in June 1956 Scott flourished at Grimsby, his performances catching the attention of the Northern Irish selectors, who called him up for a B international in 1957, before naming him in the squad for the 1958 World Cup  However, that was to be the end of his involvement with the Northern Irish national team as he was not selected again 
Scott played for Grimsby for a total of seven seasons, making 250 appearances in all competitions and scoring 54 goals  In 1963, he was allowed to leave the club on a free transfer to York City  He played for York for one season before dropping out of the Football League to play for Margate in the Southern League  In two seasons at Margate, he played in 95 matches and scored 26 goals, before retiring to Manchester 

International career
Scott played in two matches at the 1958 FIFA World Cup; a 2–1 victory over Czechoslovakia and a 4–0 defeat to France in the quarter-finals 

Later life
Scott was killed in a building site accident in 1978, aged 44 

Career statistics
Source:

International
Honours
Grimsby Town

Third Division second-place promotion: 1961–62
Passage 6:
Hugh Evelyn
Sir Hugh Evelyn, 5th Baronet (31 January 1769 – 28 August 1848) was a British baronet and naval officer 

Family background
Hugh was the youngest son of Charles Evelyn, by Philippa Wright, the daughter of Fortunatus Wright, the privateer  Charles Evelyn was the only son of another Charles Evelyn, who was the brother of Sir John Evelyn, 2nd Baronet, and the second son of Sir John Evelyn, 1st Baronet of Wotton  The elder Charles, of Yarlington, Somerset, died aged 40 in January 1748, while the younger Charles died before 1781  As the third baronet, Sir Frederick Evelyn, had no children, Sir John Evelyn, 4th Baronet, his first cousin once removed, was his nearest male heir 

Succession
Hugh Evelyn was born on 31 January 1769 at Totnes, Devon  He was an officer in the Royal Navy, marrying first 1815 Henrietta Harrison (born c



ground_truth: Mangalia

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both films, The Glass Castle (1950 Film) and The Ferret (Film), have the directors who are from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: In North America, The Glass Castle was released alongside The Nut Job 2: Nutty by Nature and Annabelle: Creation, and was projected to gross around $5 million from 1,461 theaters in its opening weekend  The film made $1 7 million on its first day and $4 7 million over the weekend, finishing 9th at the box office  The film made $2 6 million in its second weekend (a drop of 45 5%), finishing 12th 

Critical response
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 164 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "The Glass Castle has an affecting real-life story and an outstanding performance by Brie Larson, but these aren't enough to outweigh a fundamentally misguided approach to the material " On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score 56 out of 100, based on reviews from 39 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers said the film "peddles easy uplift instead of cold, hard truths" and gave it two stars out of four, saying, "Hollywood has a knack for sanitizing books that deserve better  In the case of The Glass Castle, it's a damn shame " Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film two out of four stars and was equally critical for its presentation, writing: "   a film that presents overwhelming evidence of Rex and Rose Mary as appalling human beings for 90 percent of the journey, and then asks us to give them a break? No sale "
Passage 6:
Brigette Lundy-Paine
Brigette Lundy-Paine (born August 10, 1994) is an American actor  They first came to prominence for portraying Casey Gardner on all four seasons of the Netflix comedy-drama Atypical (2017–2021)  In 2020, Lundy-Paine achieved further recognition for playing Billie Logan, the daughter of Ted Logan, in the science fiction comedy film Bill & Ted Face the Music 

Personal life
Born August 10, 1994, in Dallas, Texas, Brigette Lundy-Paine is the child of Laura Lundy and Robert Paine, who are both actors and directors, and has a younger brother  When Lundy-Paine was two years old, their family moved to Alameda, California  In 2012, they graduated from Encinal High School, where they were a cheerleader  They graduated from New York University in 2015 On November 8, 2019, Lundy-Paine came out as non-binary, going by they/them pronouns, and had previously said they are queer  They have also been involved as an activist, including participating in the Black Lives Matter movement 

Career
Lundy-Paine is known for their portrayal of Casey Gardner on the television series Atypical   Lundy-Paine also co-founded the "vocal band" Subtle Pride, as well as Waif Magazine, an art publication 

Filmography
Passage 7:
Raymond Leboursier
Raymond Leboursier (22 May 1917 – 26 July 1987) was a French film editor, film director, actor, and screenwriter 

Filmography
Actor
1930: Le Réquisitoire (first title of the film: Homicide) by Dimitri Buchowetzki
1931: The Devil's Holiday by Alberto Cavalcanti: Monk McConnell
1931: À mi-chemin du ciel by Alberto Cavalcanti
1932: Une jeune fille et un million by Fred Ellis and Max Neufeld
1934: Un de la montagne by Serge de Poligny
1934: Château de rêve by Géza von Bolváry and Henri-Georges Clouzot

Director
1942: Les Petits Riens
1945: Naïs, directed with Marcel Pagnol
1949: Menace de mort (film)
1949: Le Furet
1951: La vie est un jeu
1952: La femme à l'orchidée
1959: Henri Gagnon organiste
1960: Le Prix de la science (short film)
1961: Dubois et fils (documentary), codirected with Bernard Devlin
1969: Les Gros Malins

Assistant director
1948: Les Parents terribles by Jean Cocteau

Film editor
1936: Les Petites Alliées de Jean Dréville
1937: Les Nuits blanches de Saint-Pétersbourg de Jean Dréville
1937: Les Hommes de proie de Willy Rozier
1938: His Uncle from Normandy de Jean Dréville
1938: The Chess Player de Jean Dréville
1938: Rasputin de Marcel L'Herbier
1939: Entente cordiale by Marcel L'Herbier
1940: Marseille mes amours by Jacques Daniel-Norman
1940: President Haudecoeur by Jean Dréville
1941: L'An 40 by Fernand Rivers
1941: Un chapeau de paille d'Italie (1941 film) by Maurice Cammage
1942: Le journal tombe à cinq heures by Georges Lacombe
1942: Monsieur La Souris by Georges Lacombe
1943: Domino by Roger Richebé
1948: The Eagle with Two Heads by Jean Cocteau
1949: The Cupid Club by Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon
1953: Their Last Night by Georges Lacombe
1953: La Belle de Cadix by Raymond Bernard
1955: Les Fruits de l'été by Raymond Bernard
1955: The Light Across the Street by Georges Lacombe
1956: Babes a GoGo by Paul Mesnier
1957: Les Suspects by Jean Dréville
1958: Les Mains nettes by Claude Jutra
1959: Les Brûlés by Bernard Devlin
1960: Walk down Any Street (short film) by Bernard Devlin
1967: Comment les séduire de Jean-Claude Roy
1967: The Viscount by Maurice Cloche

External links
Raymond Leboursier at IMDb
Passage 8:
The Glass Castle (1950 film)
The Glass Castle (French: Le Château de verre) is a 1950 French romantic drama film directed by René Clément who co-wrote the screenplay with Gian Bistolfi and Pierre Bost, based on the 1935 novel Das große Einmaleins by Vicki Baum  The film stars Michèle Morgan and Jean Marais, Jean Servais (French version), Fosco Giachetti (Italian version) and Elisa Cegani 
The film's sets were designed by the art director Léon Barsacq 

Main characters
Michèle Morgan as  Evelyne Lorin-Bertal
Jean Marais as  Rémy Marsay
Jean Servais as  Laurent Bertal (French version)
Fosco Giachetti as  Laurent Bertal (Italian version)
Elisa Cegani as  Eléna
Elina Labourdette as  Marion
Giovanna Galletti as  Louise Morel - l'accusée
André Carnège as  Le secrétaire
Roger Dalphin as  Marcel
Albert Michel as  Le charmeur d'oiseaux
Colette Régis as  La tenancière de l'hôtel
Allain Dhurtal as  Le procureur

See also
Rendezvous in Paris (1982 film)
Passage 9:
Destin Daniel Cretton
Destin Daniel Cretton  is an American filmmaker  He is best known for his films Short Term 12 (2013), The Glass Castle (2017), Just Mercy (2019) and the Marvel Studios film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021)  He has also been tapped to direct Marvel Studios' Avengers: The Kang Dynasty (2026) 

Early life
Cretton was born in 1978 in Haiku, Hawaii on the island of Maui  He is of half-Japanese descent  He was home-schooled by his Christian mother  His sister Joy is a costume designer who has worked on several of Destin's projects  He lived in Haiku in a two-bedroom house with his five siblings, until he was 19 years old  He moved to San Diego, California to attend Point Loma Nazarene University, where he majored in communications  After graduating, Cretton worked for two years as a staff person at a group home for at-risk teenagers He made short films as a hobby, which developed as a vocational path  He attended and graduated from film school at San Diego State University 

Career
While at San Diego State University, Cretton made a 22-minute short film, Short Term 12, based on his experiences at the facility for teenagers  The short film premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking  After graduating from film school, Cretton made his feature directorial debut with the 90 minute film, I Am Not a Hipster, which premiered at Sundance on January 20, 2012  The film was produced by Ron Najor, who would later go on to produce the feature adaptation of Short Term 12 alongside Maren Olson, Asher Goldstein, and Joshua Astrachan  Cretton's feature-length screenplay won one of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting in 2010 The film premiered on March 10, 2013, at South by Southwest, where it won the Grand Jury and Audience Awards for a Narrative Feature  Widely acclaimed as one of the best films of 2013, it was listed on many film critics' annual top ten lists  The film earned several accolades, including three Independent Spirit Award nominations In 2014, Cretton was attached to rewrite the script and direct The Glass Castle, an adaptation of Jeannette Walls' 2005 best-selling memoir of the same name about a successful young woman raised by severely dysfunctional parents  Starring Brie Larson, the film also features Woody Harrelson and Naomi Watts as her alcoholic father and eccentric mother, respectively  Larson's role was originally considered by Jennifer Lawrence, but she dropped out while the studio was seeking the male lead  The film was released on August 10, 2017  It received mixed reviews from critics; they praised the performances of its cast (particularly Larson and Harrelson) but criticized the emotional tones and adaptation of the source material In 2016, it was announced that Ryan Coogler had teamed up with Cretton and poet/playwright Chinaka Hodge to develop Minors, a television drama series produced by Charles D  King  Drawing from Cretton's experiences working in residential foster care, Hodge's background teaching under-served youth in San Francisco Bay area continuation schools and Coogler's upbringing in the East Bay, Minors promises to take an unflinching look at institutionalization, exploring juvenile facilities and the children who grow up in that system  The series will show how that system shapes young people over a one-year period  Hodge will write the series, and Coogler and Cretton will direct 

Cretton subsequently teamed with Larson and Michael B  Jordan for Just Mercy, a drama film based on civil rights defense attorney Bryan Stevenson's New York Times bestselling memoir: Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption  Stevenson founded the Equal Justice Initiative in Montgomery, Alabama, where he provided defense counsel to men on death row  The plot follows Stevenson (Jordan) as he explores the case of a death row prisoner, Walter McMillian, whom he fought to free  The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2019, and was theatrically released on December 25, 2019, by Warner Bros  Pictures  Just Mercy was critically acclaimed In March 2019, Cretton was hired by Marvel Studios to direct a film based on Shang-Chi  Both the film and Cretton's involvement were confirmed during the San Diego Comic-Con 2019, with the film being titled Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings  The film, which is Marvel's first superhero movie tentpole franchise with an Asian protagonist, stars Simu Liu as the title character, with Tony Leung Chiu-wai and Awkwafina co-starring  On January 5, 2020, Cretton said that he signed up to the project because he wanted "to give [his] son a superhero to look up to"  The film was set to be released on February 12, 2021, but was delayed to May 7 and later July 9 due to the COVID-19 pandemic   During the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, Shang-Chi's production in Australia was temporarily suspended while Cretton self-isolated  Production was halted on March 12, 2020, and resumed in August 2020 and concluded in October 2020  Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings was released in theaters on September 3, 2021  In December 2021, Cretton signed a deal with Marvel Studios and Hulu's Onyx Collective to develop a Shang-Chi sequel and new Disney+ MCU series through his production banner Family Owned  In June 2022, the series was revealed to be in early development and titled Wonder Man, centered on the character Simon Williams / Wonder Man, with Cretton expected to direct episodes of the series and to develop it with head writer Andrew Guest  In July, Cretton was confirmed as the director of Avengers: The Kang Dynasty for Marvel Studios 

Personal life
In 2016, Cretton married fashion designer Nicola "Nikki" Chapman  They have two children 

Filmography
Film

Television
Passage 10:
The Ferret (film)
The Ferret (French: Le furet) is a 1950 French crime film directed by Raymond Leboursier and starring Jany Holt, Colette Darfeuil and Pierre Renoir  It was based on a novel by Stanislas-André Steeman  It features the character of Inspector Wens, who had appeared in several other films including The Murderer Lives at Number 21  Location shooting took place around Paris including the city's Orly Airport  The film's sets were designed by the art director Roland Quignon 

Synopsis
A mysterious figure signing himself "The Ferret" keeps sending letters to the police, tipping them off about murders that are to be committed around Paris  Among those caught up in the police manhunt is a fraudulent clairvoyant 

Main cast
Jany Holt as Cécile
Colette Darfeuil as Louise Heller
Pierre Renoir as Le docteur Darvel-Juste
Jacques Baumer as Commissaire Hyacinthe
Jean-Jacques Delbo as Ludovic
Pierre Larquey as Monsieur Thiais
Jean Tissier as Monsieur de Thomaz
Jacqueline Delubac as Madame de Lanier
Charles Dechamps as Lecartier
Marguerite Deval as Madame Chapuis
Pierre Jourdan as L'inspecteur Wens
Context 3: 1778; died July 1836) and second (1836) Mary Hathaway, the widow of Southwark merchant James Thomas Hathaway and eldest daughter of John Kennedy of Sutton Coldfield  He libelled the two trustees who were administering his meagre income by putting posters of their faces all over London; they took him to court and had the posters taken down  He unsuccessfully took a case to the KBD court and owed court costs of £30 which he was unable to pay; he spent 18 years of his life in prison  Sir Hugh died without issue at Forest Hill, London, on 28 August 1848, aged 79, and was buried on 9 September 1848, at Wotton, Surrey  On his death, the baronetcy became extinct  His widow, Mary, who was born at Hoxton in 1803, died on 5 May 1883, at Eagle House, in Forest Hill, and was buried in Nunhead Cemetery 
Passage 7:
Catherine I of Russia
Catherine I Alekseevna Mikhailova (Russian: Екатери́на I Алексе́евна Миха́йлова, tr  Ekaterína I Alekséyevna Mikháylova; born Polish: Marta Helena Skowrońska, Russian: Ма́рта Самуи́ловна Скавро́нская, tr  Márta Samuílovna Skavrónskaya; 15 April [O S  5 April] 1684 – 17 May [O S  6 May] 1727) was the second wife and empress consort of Peter the Great, and empress regnant of Russia from 1725 until her death in 1727 

Life as a servant
The life of Catherine I was said by Voltaire to be nearly as extraordinary as that of Peter the Great himself  Only uncertain and contradictory information is available about her early life  Said to have been born on 15 April 1684 (o s  5 April), she was originally named Marta Helena Skowrońska  Marta was the daughter of Samuel Skowroński (later spelled Samuil Skavronsky), a Roman Catholic farmer from the eastern parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, born to Minsker parents  In 1680 he married Dorothea Hahn at Jakobstadt  Her mother is named in at least one source as Elizabeth Moritz, the daughter of a Baltic German woman and there is debate as to whether Moritz's father was a Swedish officer  It is likely that two stories were conflated, and Swedish sources suggest that the Elizabeth Moritz story is probably incorrect  Some biographies state that Marta's father was a gravedigger and handyman, while others speculate that he was a runaway landless serf 
Marta's parents died of the plague around 1689, leaving five children  According to one of the popular versions, at the age of three Marta was taken by an aunt and sent to Marienburg (the present-day Alūksne in Latvia, near the border with Estonia and Russia) where she was raised by Johann Ernst Glück, a Lutheran pastor and educator who was the first to translate the Bible into Latvian  In his household she served as a lowly servant, likely either a scullery maid or washerwoman   No effort was made to teach her to read and write and she remained illiterate throughout her life 
Marta was considered a very beautiful young girl, and there are accounts that Frau Glück became fearful that she would become involved with her son  At the age of seventeen, she was married off to a Swedish dragoon, Johan Cruse or Johann Rabbe, with whom she remained for eight days in 1702, at which point the Swedish troops were withdrawn from Marienburg  When Russian forces captured the town, Pastor Glück offered to work as a translator, and Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev agreed to his proposal and took him to Moscow 
There are unsubstantiated stories that Marta worked briefly in the laundry of the victorious regiment, and also that she was presented in her undergarments to Brigadier General Rudolph Felix Bauer, later the Governor of Estonia, to be his mistress  She may have worked in the household of his superior, Sheremetev  It is not known whether she was his mistress, or household maid   She travelled back to the Russian court with Sheremetev's army Afterwards she became part of the household of Prince Alexander Menshikov, who was the best friend of Peter the Great of Russia  Anecdotal sources suggest that she was purchased by him  Whether the two of them were lovers is disputed, as Menshikov was already engaged to Darya Arsenyeva, his future wife  It is clear that Menshikov and Marta formed a lifetime alliance 
It is possible that Menshikov, who was quite jealous of Peter's attentions and knew his tastes, wanted to procure a mistress on whom he could rely  In any case, in 1703, while visiting Menshikov at his home, Peter met Marta  In 1704, she was well established in the Tsar's household as his mistress, and gave birth to a son, Peter  In 1703, she converted to Orthodoxy and took the new name Catherine Alexeyevna (Yekaterina Alexeyevna)  She and Darya Menshikova accompanied Peter and Menshikov on their military excursions 

Marriage and family life
Though no record exists, Catherine and Peter are described as having married secretly between 23 October and 1 December 1707 in Saint Petersburg  They had twelve children, two of whom survived into adulthood, Anna (born 1708) and Elizabeth (born 1709) 
Peter had moved the capital to St  Petersburg in 1703  While the city was being built he lived in a three-room log cabin with Catherine, where she did the cooking and caring for the children, and he tended a garden as though they were an ordinary couple  The relationship was the most successful of Peter's life and a great number of letters exist demonstrating the strong affection between Catherine and Peter  As a person she was very energetic, compassionate, charming, and always cheerful  She was able to calm Peter in his frequent rages and was often called in to do so 
Catherine went with Peter on his Pruth Campaign in 1711  There, she was said to have saved Peter and his Empire, as related by Voltaire in his book Peter the Great  Surrounded by overwhelming numbers of Turkish troops, Catherine suggested before surrendering, that her jewels and those of the other women be used in an effort to bribe the Ottoman grand vizier Baltacı Mehmet Pasha into allowing a retreat 
Mehmet allowed the retreat, whether motivated by the bribe or considerations of trade and diplomacy  In any case Peter credited Catherine and proceeded to marry her again (this time officially) at Saint Isaac's Cathedral in St  Petersburg on 9 February 1712   She was Peter's second wife; he had previously married and divorced Eudoxia Lopukhina, who had borne him the Tsarevich Alexis Petrovich  Upon their wedding, Catherine took on the style of her husband and became Tsarina  When Peter elevated the Russian Tsardom to Empire, Catherine became Empress  The Order of Saint Catherine was instituted by her husband on the occasion of their wedding 

Issue
Catherine and Peter had twelve children, all of whom died in childhood except Anna and Elizabeth:

Peter Petrovich (1704–1707), died in infancy
Paul Petrovich (October 1705–1707), died in infancy
Catherine Petrovna (7 February 1707–7 August 1708)
Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna (27 January 1708–15 May 1728)
Grand Duchess Elizabeth Petrovna (29 December 1709–5 January 1762)
Grand Duchess Mary Natalia Petrovna (20 March 1713–17 May 1715)
Grand Duchess Margaret Petrovna (19 September 1714–7 June 1715)
Grand Duke Peter Petrovich (9 November 1715–6 May 1719)

Grand Duke Paul Petrovich (13 January 1717–14 January 1717)
Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna (31 August 1718–15 March 1725)
Grand Duke Peter Petrovich (7 October 1723–7 October 1723)
Grand Duke Paul Petrovich (1724–1724)

Siblings
Upon Peter's death, Catherine found her four siblings, Krystyna, Anna, Karol, and Fryderyk, gave them the newly created titles of Count and Countess, and brought them to Russia 

Krystyna Skowrońska, renamed Christina (Russian: Христина) Samuilovna Skavronskaya (1687–14 April 1729), had married Simon Heinrich (Russian: Симон Гейнрих) (1672–1728) and their descendants became the Counts Gendrikov 
Anna Skowrońska, renamed Anna Samuilovna Skavronskaya, had married one Michael-Joachim N and their descendants became the Counts Efimovsky 
Karol Skowroński, renamed Karel Samuilovich Skavronsky, was created a Count of the Russian Empire on 5 January 1727 and made a Chamberlain of the Imperial Court; he had married Maria Ivanovna, a Russian woman, by whom he had descendants who became extinct in the male line with the death of Count Paul Martinovich Skavronskyi (1757-1793), father of Princess Catherine Bagration 
Fryderyk Skowroński, renamed Feodor Samuilovich Skavronsky, was created a Count of the Russian Empire on 5 January 1727 and was married twice: to N, a Lithuanian woman, and to Ekaterina Rodionovna Saburova, without having children by either of them 

Reign as empress regnant
Catherine was crowned in 1724  The year before his death, Peter and Catherine had an estrangement over her support of Willem Mons, brother of Peter's former mistress Anna, and brother to one of the current ladies in waiting for Catherine, Matryona  He served as Catherine's secretary  Peter had fought his entire life to clear up corruption in Russia  Catherine had a great deal of influence over who could gain access to her husband  Willem Mons and his sister Matryona had begun selling their influence to those who wanted access to Catherine and, through her, to Peter  Apparently this had been overlooked by Catherine, who was fond of both  Peter found out and had Willem Mons executed and his sister Matryona exiled  He and Catherine did not speak for several months  Rumors flew that she and Mons had had an affair, but there is no evidence for this 
Peter died (28 January 1725 Old Style) without naming a successor  Catherine represented the interests of the "new men", commoners who had been brought to positions of great power by Peter based on competence  A change of government was likely to favor the entrenched aristocrats  For that reason during a meeting of a council to decide on a successor, a coup was arranged by Menshikov and others in which the guards regiments with whom Catherine was very popular proclaimed her the ruler of Russia  Supporting evidence was "produced" from Peter's secretary Makarov and the Bishop of Pskov, both "new men" with motivation to see Catherine take over  The real power, however, lay with Menshikov, Peter Tolstoy, and other members of the Supreme Privy Council 
Catherine viewed the deposed empress Eudoxia as a threat, so she secretly moved her to Shlisselburg Fortress near St  Petersburg to be put in a secret prison under strict custody as a state prisoner 

Death
Catherine I died two years after Peter I, on 17 May 1727 at age 43, in St  Petersburg, where she was buried at St  Peter and St  Paul Fortress  Tuberculosis, diagnosed as an abscess of the lungs, caused her early demise



ground_truth: yes

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who was born later, Hugh Evelyn Wortham or Johnny Ekström?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 
Before her death she recognized Peter II, the grandson of Peter I and Eudoxia, as her successor 

Assessment and legacy
Catherine was the first woman to rule Imperial Russia, opening the legal path for a century almost entirely dominated by women, including her daughter Elizabeth and granddaughter-in-law Catherine the Great, all of whom continued Peter the Great's policies in modernizing Russia   At the time of Peter's death the Russian Army, composed of 130,000 men and supplemented by another 100,000 Cossacks, was easily the largest in Europe   However, the expense of the military was proving ruinous to the Russian economy, consuming some 65% of the government's annual revenue   Since the nation was at peace, Catherine was determined to reduce military expenditure   For most of her reign, Catherine I was controlled by her advisers   However, on this single issue, the reduction of military expenses, Catherine was able to have her way   The resulting tax relief on the peasantry led to the reputation of Catherine I as a just and fair ruler The Supreme Privy Council concentrated power in the hands of one party, and thus was an executive innovation  In foreign affairs, Russia reluctantly joined the Austro-Spanish league to defend the interests of Catherine's son-in-law, the Duke of Holstein, against Great Britain 
Catherine gave her name to Catherinehof near St  Petersburg, and built the first bridges in the new capital  She was also the first royal owner of the Tsarskoye Selo estate, where the Catherine Palace still bears her name 
The city of Yekaterinburg is named after her, Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name 
She also gave her name to the Kadriorg Palace (German: Katharinental, meaning "Catherine's Valley"), its adjacent Kadriorg Park and the later Kadriorg neighbourhood of Tallinn, Estonia, which today houses the Presidential Palace of Estonia  The name of the neighbourhood is also used as a metonym for the institution of the President 
In general, Catherine's policies were reasonable and cautious   The story of her humble origins was considered by later generations of tsars to be a state secret 

See also
Bibliography of Russian history (1613–1917)
Rulers of Russia family tree

Notes
Passage 8:
Jock Sim
John Sim (4 December 1922 – 14 January 2000), known as Jock, Jackie, or Johnny Sim, was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre forward or left half in the Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion 

Life and career
Sim was born in Glasgow in 1922  During the Second World War, he served abroad for five years  Afterwards, he joined Kirkintilloch Rob Roy from another junior club, St Roch's, early in the 1946–47 season, scored freely, and within weeks was reportedly "in almost as great a demand as nylon stockings " He signed for English club Brighton & Hove Albion on 24 October, and scored on his Third Division South debut three weeks later  He had a run in the side in his first season, but injury disrupted his career: he was restricted to just 14 appearances in the next two seasons and none at all in 1949–50 Ahead of the following campaign, he signed for Chippenham Town, together with three Brighton teammates, Eric Lancelotte, Fred Leamon and Ken Davies  In March 1951, as part of the Western League record transfer that took Rex Tilley to Plymouth Argyle, Sim returned to the Football League, but he never played first-team football for Argyle and was soon back with Chippenham  He stayed for three seasons, but turned down the terms offered for a fourth and was released  He later played for Calne Town Sim died in Chippenham in 2000 at the age of 77 
Passage 9:
Johnny Ekström
Johnny Douglas Ekström (born 5 March 1965) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a forward and a winger  He played professionally in Italy, Germany, France, and Spain but is best remembered for his time in Sweden with IFK Göteborg with which he was the 1986 Allsvenskan top scorer and won three Swedish Championships  A full international between 1986 and 1995, he won 47 caps for the Sweden national team and represented his country at the 1990 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1992 

Club career
IFK Göteborg
A product of the IFK Göteborg youth academy, Ekström was promoted to the first team in 1983 before making his Allsvenskan debut during the 1984 season  He quickly earned the nicknames "Kallebäcks-Expressen" (the express train from Kallebäck) and "Johnny Bråttom" (Johnny-in-a-hurry) due to his speed on the football pitch  His most successful season with Göteborg came in 1986, when he was the 1986 Allsvenskan top scorer and helped the club reach the semi-finals of the 1985–86 European Cup before being eliminated by FC Barcelona  He also played in the first half of the 1986–87 UEFA Cup which IFK Göteborg ended up winning after Ekström's departure 

Empoli
Ekström was the most expensive Swedish transfer of all time when he signed for Empoli during the 1986–87 Serie A season  At Empoli, he became a popular and respected player and acquired the nickname 'Il Ciclone' (the cyclone) due to the exceptional speed he displayed when charging ahead with the ball in his possession, which was his most notable quality 

Bayern Munich
In 1988 Ekström signed for the German Bundesliga club FC Bayern Munich, and helped them win the 1988–89 Bundesliga title and reach the semi-finals of the 1988–89 UEFA Cup before being eliminated by Napoli 

Cannes
He signed with AS Cannes in Ligue 1 in 1989 and played alongside a young Zinedine Zidane before leaving the club in 1991 

Return to IFK Göteborg
Ekström returned to Swedish football and IFK Göteborg in 1991, winning the 1991 and 1993 Swedish Championships, as well as the 1991 Svenska Cupen  He also played in the 1992–93 UEFA Champions League where Göteborg finished joint-third behind Marseille and A C  Milan 

Reggiana
Ekström returned to Serie A and Italian football in 1993, signing for Reggiana  Ekström played in 9 Serie A games for Reggiana during the 1993–94 Serie A season before spending the rest of the season on loan in Spain 

Loan to Real Betis
Ekström spent the spring of 1994 with Real Betis on loan from Reggiana, becoming the second Swedish player to represent the Seville-based club after Torbjörn Jonsson  He played in seven Segunda División games during the 1993–94 season and scored two goals 

Dynamo Dresden
During the summer of 1994, Ekström returned to German football and the Bundesliga after signing a two-year-contract with Dynamo Dresden  He ended up playing one season for the club, scoring seven goals in 30 Bundesliga games 

Eintracht Frankfurt
Ekström signed for Eintracht Frankfurt in 1995, and scored two goals in 16 games as the club was relegated to 2  Bundesliga in 1996  He stayed with the club in 2  Bundesliga, but could not help the team win promotion back to the top flight of German football 

Second return to IFK Göteborg and retirement
He returned to IFK Göteborg a second time in 1997, and spent the 1997 and 1998 Allsvenskan seasons with the club before retiring from professional football in late 1998  In total, Ekström appeared in more than 200 games for IFK Göteborg during his three stints with the club 

International career
Youth
Ekström played 12 games for the Sweden U21 team and was a part of the Sweden U21 squad that reached the quarterfinals of the 1986 UEFA European Under-21 Championship before being eliminated by Italy 

Senior
Ekström made his full international debut in a friendly game against Greece on 1 May 1986, playing for 71 minutes alongside Dan Corneliusson at forward before being replaced by Lasse Larsson in a 0–0 draw  He scored his first international goal in a 3–1 friendly win against Finland on 6 August 1986 

UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying
Ekström made his competitive international debut for Sweden on 24 September 1986 in a UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying game against Switzerland, which Sweden won 2–0 after two goals by Ekström  He went on to score another four goals in the same qualifying campaign, making him the joint-third best goalscorer in the UEFA Euro 1988 qualifiers at six goals together with Alessandra Altobelli but behind John Bosman and Nico Claesen  Despite Ekström's goals, Sweden did not manage to qualify for Euro 1988 

1990 FIFA World Cup
Ekström scored two goals during the 1990 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign to help Sweden qualify for its first World Cup since 1978  While at the 1990 World Cup, he appeared in the second group stage game against Scotland, replacing Stefan Pettersson in the 63rd minute in a 1–2 loss  He started in the third group stage game against Costa Rica, scoring the first goal in a third consecutive 1–2 loss which had Sweden eliminated from the tournament 

UEFA Euro 1992
Ekström was a part of the Sweden squad at UEFA Euro 1992 on home soil in Sweden and appeared as a substitute in all four games as Sweden reached the semi-finals of the tournament before being eliminated by Germany 

Later years and retirement
Ekström played in four 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifying games before announcing his retirement from international football in October 1993  He made a brief comeback on 8 March 1995 in a friendly 3–3 draw with Cyprus in which Ekström scored one of the goals  He won a total of 47 caps for the Sweden national team, scoring 13 goals 

Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ekström goal 

Honours
IFK Göteborg

Allsvenskan: 1984, 1991, 1993
Svenska Cupen: 1991
UEFA cup: 1986–87Bayern München

Bundesliga: 1988–89Individual

Allsvenskan top scorer: 1986
Stor Grabb: 1988
Passage 10:
Johnny Crossan
John Andrew Crossan (born 29 November 1938) is a Northern Irish author, radio sports analyst, entrepreneur, and former footballer  His brother Eddie was also a player 

Club career
Crossan began his career playing for Derry City, where he played as an inside forward  His talent was spotted by several leading English clubs, including Arsenal and Sunderland  When the latter made a substantial offer, Derry City offered Crossan a payment deal which he rejected, offering his own  When the Sunderland negotiations broke down, Derry City dropped Crossan, who signed for Coleraine  Derry City, still aggrieved by Crossan's actions, reported themselves to the Football League authorities for technical breaches of regulations, thus ensuring that Crossan would face disciplinary action 
In January 1959, a commission of inquiry imposed small fines on Derry and Coleraine, but banned Crossan from all forms of football for life  A partial lifting of the ban was allowed following an appeal, in May 1959 the inside forward signed for Dutch Champions Sparta Rotterdam, where he was first called up to the Northern Ireland squad 
He went from there to Standard Liège, where he played in the semi-final of the European Cup against Real Madrid  In 1963, Crossan returned to football in the UK (following the lifting of his 'life-time' ban) when he was signed by Sunderland, with whom he made it to the old First Division  He then signed for Manchester City who were playing in the old Second Division  As team captain, he helped them make their way into the old First Division, before being sold to Middlesbrough after a loss of form following a car crash and other health problems 

International career
Internationally, he was capped 24 times by Northern Ireland and scored 10 goals 

International goals
Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first 

Management
After his playing days, Crossan had a spell in management and took the top job at League of Ireland club, Sligo Rovers  He resigned soon after 

Media career
He also commentates for BBC Radio Foyle when they cover Derry City games 



ground_truth: Johnny Ekström