prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the place of death of Sancha Of Castile, Queen Of Navarre's mother?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Eleanor of Aragon, Countess of Toulouse
Eleanor of Aragon, Countess of Toulouse (1182–1226) was a daughter of King Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile 
She married Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse 

Life
According to the Ex Gestis Comitum Barcinonensium, she was the second daughter and fourth of nine children of the troubadour king, Alfonso II of Aragon and his wife Sancha of Castile  She had for older brothers Pierre II the Catholic and Alphonse II, Count of Provence and Forcalquier, and for sisters Constance, first queen of Hungary, then empress by her marriage with Frederick II, and Sancie, countess of Toulouse 
According to the Crónica of San Juan de la Peña, her brother Peter II sealed the union of Eleanor, with Raymond VI of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence, in order to put an end to the dissensions with the counts of Toulouse 
Raymond VI was the eldest son of Raymond V and Constance of France, daughter of King Louis VI and Adelaide de Maurienne  Eleanor was Raymond VI's 6th wife, having divorced an unknown daughter and sole heiress of Emperor Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus just two years earlier  Raymond and Eleanor did not have children 
By this marriage she became countess of Toulouse which would suffer the pangs of the war and the Albigensian Crusade, in the following years  The crusade was initiated by Pope Innocent III and headed by the French Crown against Toulouse and Catharism 
Passage 2:
Berengaria of Barcelona
Berengaria of Barcelona (1116 – 15 January 1149), called in Spanish Berenguela de Barcelona and also known as Berengaria of Provence, was Queen consort of Castile, León and Galicia  She was the daughter of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence On 10/17 November 1128 in Saldaña, Berengaria married Alfonso VII, King of Castile, León and Galicia Their children were:

Sancho III of Castile (1134–1158)
Ramon, living 1136, died in infancy
Ferdinand II of León (1137–1188)
Constance (c  1138–1160), married Louis VII of France
Sancha (c  1139–1179), married Sancho VI of Navarre
García (c  1142–1145/6)
Alfonso (c  1144–c  1149)According to a description, "She was a very beautiful and extremely graceful young girl who loved chastity and truth and all God-fearing people "She died in Palencia, and was buried at the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela 

In fiction
A parody version of queen Berengaria and king Alfonso is presented in the tragicomedy La venganza de Don Mendo by Pedro Muñoz Seca 
In its film version, Lina Canalejas played Berengaria 
Passage 3:
Sancha of León
Sancha of León (c  1018 – 8 November 1067) was a princess and queen of León  She was married to Ferdinand I, the Count of Castile who later became King of León after having killed Sancha's brother in battle  She and her husband commissioned the Crucifix of Ferdinand and Sancha 

Life
Sancha was a daughter of Alfonso V of León by his first wife, Elvira Menéndez  She became a secular abbess of the Monastery of San Pelayo In 1029, a political marriage was arranged between her and count García Sánchez of Castile  However, having traveled to León for the marriage, García was assassinated by a group of disgruntled vassals  In 1032, Sancha was married to García's nephew and successor, Ferdinand I of Castile, when the latter was 11 years old At the Battle of Tamarón in 1037 Ferdinand killed Sancha's brother Bermudo III of León, making Sancha the heir and allowing Ferdinand to have himself crowned King of León  Sancha's own position as queen of León is unclear and contradictory  She succeeded to the throne of León as the heir of her brother and in her "own right" but despite this, she is not clearly referred to as queen regnant, and after the death of her husband the throne passed to her son, despite the fact that she was still alive Following Ferdinand's death in 1065 and the division of her husband's kingdom, she is said to have played the futile role of peacemaker among her sons She was a devout Catholic, who, with her husband, commissioned the crucifix that bears their name as a gift for the Basilica of San Isidoro 

Children
Sancha had five children:

Urraca of Zamora
Sancho II of León and Castile
Elvira of Toro
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
García II of Galicia

Death and burial
She died in the city of León on 8 November 1067  She was interred in the Royal Pantheon of the Basilica of San Isidoro, along with her parents, brother, husband, and her children Elvira, Urraca and García 
The following Latin inscription was carved in the tomb in which were deposited the remains of Queen Sancha:
"H  R  SANCIA REGINA TOTIUS HISPANIAE, MAGNI REGIS FERDINANDI UXOR  FILIA REGIS ADEFONSI, QUI POPULAVIT LEGIONEM POS DESTRUCTIONEM ALMANZOR  OBIIT ERA MCVIIII  III N  M "
Which translates to:

"Here lies Sancha, Queen of All Spain, wife of the great king Ferdinand and daughter of king Alfonso, who populated León after the destruction of Almanzor  Died in the one thousand one hundred eighth era on the third nones of May [5 May 1071] "
Passage 4:
Isabella of Navarre, Viscountess of Rohan
Isabel d'Albret of Navarre (1512–aft  1560) was a princess of Navarre  She was the daughter of John III of Navarre (died 1516) and queen Catherine I of Navarre  The same year she was born, the greater part of Navarre was conquered by Aragon, and she was raised in France  
In 1528, there were unsuccessful suggestions for a marriage between her and the Hungarian king John Zápolya, an ally of the king of France  In 16 August 1532, Isabel married René I de Rohan, Viscount of Rohan (d  1552) Isabel became the godmother of her grand nephew Henry III of Navarre, whom she carried to his baptism in 1554  Isabel came to feel sympathy for Calvinism early on, but did not convert during the lifetime of her spouse, who remained a Catholic  In 1556, she met admiral de Coligny, and was present in Béarn in 1557 when queen Joan III of Navarre introduced the Reformation in Navarre  She converted to Protestantism in 1558, and her Castle of Blain became a center of Protestantism in the area  It was at her Castle of Blain that the first Breton church was organized  In Blain, she received the Protestant reformer d'Andelot, who had a mission in Nantes and held the first Protestant sermon there with the reformers Fleurer and Loiseleur de Villiers  In 1560, she was granted personal religious freedom for herself and her household on her own domains by the king of France 

Issue
Isabel and Rene had:

Françoise de Rohan
Louis de Rohan, seigneur de Gié
Henri I, Viscount of Rohan, 19th Viscount of Rohan, married Françoise of Tournemine
Jean de Rohan, married Diane of Barbançon
René II, de Rohan, 20th Viscount of Rohan, married Catherine of Parthenay
Passage 5:
Beatrice of Navarre, Countess of La Marche
Beatrice of Navarre (1392–1412/1415) was a daughter of Charles III of Navarre and his wife, Eleanor of Castile 

Biography
She was a member of the House of Évreux  Her surviving siblings were Blanche I of Navarre, wife of John II of Aragon, and Isabella of Navarre, wife of John IV of Armagnac 
In 1406 in Pamplona, Beatrice married James II, Count of La Marche, son of John I, Count of La Marche, and Catherine of Vendôme  The couple had three children:

Isabelle (1408 – aft  1445), a nun at Besançon
Marie (1410 – aft  1445), a nun at Amiens
Eleanor of Bourbon-La Marche (1412 – aft  21 August 1464), married Bernard d'Armagnac, Count of Pardiac (d  1462)It is not certain when Beatrice died  She died between 1412 and 1415, possibly while giving birth to her daughter Eleanor in 1412 


== Ancestry ==
Passage 6:
René I, Viscount of Rohan
René I de Rohan, (1516–1552) 18th Viscount of Rohan, Viscount and Prince de Léon, and Marquis de Blain  married Isabella of Navarre daughter of jure uxoris King John III of Navarre and Catherine of Navarre, Queen of Navarre 

Life
René I was the son of Pierre II de Rohan and Anne de Rohan, who upon her death transmitted the titles of her brother, Jacques de Rohan, who died without heirs 
Queen Margaret of Navarre, sister of Francis I of France served as Guardian of René I de Rohan, and arranged for René I de Rohan to marry her sister-in-law Isabella  This introduced Protestantism into the House of Rohan  A family who would fight on Protestant side in the Huguenot rebellions 
René I de Rohan died in 1552 fighting on the German frontier during the Siege of Metz 

Children
René I de Rohan and Isabella of Navarre had:

Françoise de Rohan, married to Jacques de Savoie, duc de Nemours
Louis de Rohan, seigneur de Gié
Henri I, Viscount of Rohan, 19th Viscount of Rohan, married Françoise of Tournemine
Jean de Rohan, married Diane of Barbançon
René II, de Rohan, 20th Viscount of Rohan, married Catherine of Parthenay
Passage 7:
Joan of Navarre (regent)
Joan of Navarre (French: Jeanne, Spanish: Juana; 1382 – July 1413) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Navarre in 1402–1413, and regent of Navarre in the absence of her father in 1409–1411 

Life
Joan was the eldest child of King Charles III of Navarre and his wife Eleanor, daughter of King Henry II of Castile  Her younger sisters were Blanche, Beatrice, and Isabella Joan was originally betrothed in 1401 to Martin I of Sicily, the heir to the throne of Aragón  He was widower of Maria of Sicily, who had not given him surviving children  Plans were however changed and Martin married Joan's sister Blanche  Joan herself married at Olite on 12 November 1402 to John, Viscount of Castellbò, the heir to the County of Foix in France  The couple were married for eleven years but failed to produce any children  A month after her wedding, Joan was recognized as heir presumptive to the throne of Navarre at Olite on 3 December 1402  There the Estates of Navarre swore an oath to Joan and John as their future sovereigns  This was after the early death of Joan's only brothers, Charles and Louis, in quick succession earlier in the year In 1404, Joan contracted smallpox and was treated by the Jewish doctor Abraham Comineto  During her regency she had her own personal salaried doctor, Salomon Gotheynno, also a Jew Joan governed Navarre in the name of her father while he was in Paris between 1409 and 1411  In 1412 she became Countess of Foix when her husband succeeded his father in the county  She died in the Principality of Béarn in July 1413, childless  Her younger sister Blanche became heir presumptive to the throne of Navarre, and succeeded their father Charles III on 8 September 1425 
Passage 8:
Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre
Sancha of Castile (c  1139–1179) was daughter of Alfonso VII of León and Castile and his first wife Berengaria of Barcelona  Sancha was the fifth child of seven born to her parents 
On 20 July 1153, Sancha married Sancho VI of Navarre  He is responsible for bringing his kingdom into the political orbit of Europe   As "la reyna de Navarra, filla del emperador" (the queen of Navarre, daughter of the Emperor) her August 1179 death was reported in the Annales Toledanos 

Issue
Sancho and Sancha's children were:

Sancho VII
Ferdinand
Ramiro, Bishop of Pamplona
Berengaria (died 1230 or 1232), married King Richard I of England
Constance
Blanche, married Count Theobald III of Champagne, then acted as regent of Champagne, and finally as regent of Navarre
TheresaSancha was buried in Pamplona 

Family tree
Passage 9:
Eleanor of Castile, Queen of Navarre
Eleanor of Castile (after 1363 – 1415/1416) was Queen of Navarre by marriage to King Charles III of Navarre  She acted as regent of Navarre during the absence of her spouse in France in 1397–1398, 1403–1406 and 1409–1411 

Biography
Early life
She was the daughter of King Henry II of Castile and his wife Juana Manuel of Castile, who was descended from a cadet branch of the Castilian royal house  Eleanor was a member of the House of Trastámara 
Eleanor was involved with plans to marry King Ferdinand I of Portugal in 1371, however he refused the match as he had secretly married the noblewoman Leonor Telles de Menezes 
She was betrothed in Burgos in 1373 to Prince Charles, the heir of King Charles II of Navarre  The couple was married at Soria in May 1375  A testament dated at Burgos on 29 May 1374 shows that King Henry II bequeathed property to his daughter Eleanor as a part of her dowry 

The Years in Castile
The marriage of Charles and Eleanor was marked by a number of unusual marital disputes  In 1388, Eleanor asked at a meeting between her husband and her brother John I of Castile for permission to retire for some time to her homeland of Castile in order to recover from an illness caught in Navarre  She believed this course of action would be best for her health  The two young daughters in her care at the time went with her  During their absence from Navarre, Eleanor and her children resided in Valladolid  By 1390, Eleanor bore two more daughters to Charles, and two years later, her husband requested her to return to Navarre because both of them needed to be crowned King and Queen of Navarre upon the death of her father-in-law King Charles II  Eleanor's brother King John supported the request of Charles III  Eleanor did not consent, claiming that she was ill-treated in Navarre and believed members of the Navarrese nobility wished to poison her  As a result, Eleanor remained in Castile while her husband was crowned in February 1390 in Pamplona  By the end of the 1390s, Eleanor had born her husband six daughters, all of whom survived infancy, but no sons  For this reason, Eleanor handed her oldest daughter Joanna over to Charles III to be groomed for her future role as ruler of the Kingdom of Navarre 
On 9 October 1390, Eleanor's brother John died and was succeeded by his minor son Henry as king of Castile  Charles then requested Eleanor's return to Navarre again, but she refused once more  Eleanor opposed her nephew Henry's accession and she formed the League of Lillo along with her illegitimate half-brother Fadrique and her cousin Pedro  King Henry opposed the League, besieged Eleanor in her castle at Roa around mid-1394, and obliged her to return to her husband in February 1395 

Queen of Navarre
Eleanor became very involved in the political life of Navarre upon her return  Her relationship with her husband improved, and they had the long-awaited sons Charles and Louis  Both died young, however  On 3 June 1403, her coronation as Queen of Navarre took place in Pamplona  Upon several occasions when Charles stayed in France, Eleanor took to the role of regent  She also helped to maintain good relations between Navarre and Castile  As a result of these good relations, members of the Castillian nobility, including the Duke of Benavente and members of the powerful families of Dávalos, Mendoza and Zuñiga, settled in Navarre 
Upon the couple's absences, their daughter Joanna acted as regent, as she was heiress to the kingdom  Joanna died in 1413 without issue and in the lifetime of both her parents, therefore the succession turned to their second daughter Blanche, who would eventually succeed as Queen of Navarre upon Charles' death 
There is confusion surrounding Eleanor's death  She is believed to have died at Olite on 27 February 1415 or at Pamplona 5 March 1416  Her husband died in 1425, and they were buried together at Pamplona in the Cathedral of Santa María la Real 

Issue
Eleanor and Charles had eight children, five of which lived to adulthood:

Joanna (1382–1413), married John I, Count of Foix, no issue 
Blanche (1385-1441), married John II of Aragon, became Queen of Navarre and had issue 
Maria (1388–1406), died unmarried and childless 
Margaret (1390–1403), died young
Beatrice (1392–1412), married to James II, Count of La Marche, and had issue 
Isabella (1395–1435), married in 1419 to John IV of Armagnac, had issue; they were great-great grandparents of King Henry IV of France 
Charles (1397–1402), Prince of Viana, died young
Louis (1402), Prince of Viana, died young
Passage 10:
Blanche of Navarre, Countess of Champagne
Blanche of Navarre (c  1177–1229) was Countess of Champagne by marriage to Theobald III, Count of Champagne, and regent of Champagne during the minority of her son Theobald I of Navarre between 1201 and 1222 

Life
Early life
She was the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile, who died in 1179, about two years after Blanche's birth  Her eldest brother, Sancho VII, succeeded their father and was the last agnatic descendant of the first dynasty of kings of Navarre, the Pamplona dynasty, dying childless  Her elder sister Berengaria married Richard I of England 
Blanche married Theobald III, Count of Champagne, on 1 July 1199 at Chartres, when she was 22-years-old and he was 20-years-old 

Regent of Champagne
Theobald III died young on 24 May 1201, leaving her pregnant  When she gave birth to a son on 30 May 1201, he immediately became Theobald IV, Count of Champagne (Theobald I of Navarre)  Blanche ruled the county as regent until Theobald turned 21 years old in 1222  The regency was plagued by a number of difficulties  Blanche's brother-in-law, count Henry II had left behind a great deal of debt  Henry was the elder son but had transferred the land to his younger brother, Theobald III  
Furthermore, their son Theobald IV's right to the succession of Champagne was challenged by Henry's daughter Philippa and her husband, Erard I of Brienne, Count of Ramerupt and one of the more powerful Champagne nobles   The conflict with the Briennes broke into open warfare in 1215, in what became known as the Champagne War of Succession, and was not resolved until after Theobald came of age in 1222  After the death of her husband, however, Blanche had taken immediate action to secure the county of Champagne for her son  She found King Philip at Sens and paid him homage, which was the first homage rendered by a countess  She did this to maintain wardship and the right over her lands and in exchange she promised to not marry without the king's permission  Prince Louis then proclaimed in a letter to Jean of Brienne, that neither he nor King Philip would hear a challenge against Theobald IV's claim until he was twenty-one  In this letter, Prince Louis also confirmed that Henry II did indeed transfer the land to his brother  At that time Theobald and Blanche bought out their rights for a substantial monetary payment  Blanche had also arranged the dowry of Henry II's elder daughter Alice of Champagne, when she married the young Hugh I of Cyprus  In the 1230s, in order to settle with Alice, Theobald IV had to sell his overlordship over the counties of Blois, Sancerre, and Châteaudun to Louis IX of France 
With her regency completed, in 1222 Blanche withdrew to the Cistercian convent of Argensolles, whose foundation she had funded herself, for her retirement 

Later years
Since some barons suspected Theobald for having a hand in the death of Louis VIII (in November 1226), Blanche of Castile withdrew his invitation to the coronation of Louis IX and proffered it to Blanche instead Blanche died on 13 March 1229, seven years after the end of her regency, at the age of 52  In her will she left 5 marks of gold to the Cathedral of Reims, which was used to build a statue to contain the Holy Milk of the Virgin After Blanche's death, her brother in retirement remained as King of Navarre and her son Theobald continued as Count of Champagne   Their eldest sister, Berengaria of Navarre, Queen of England (widow of Richard the Lionheart), died without issue in 1230, leaving Sancho as the sole surviving child of Sancho VI  When he died in 1234, Blanca's son Theobald IV of Champagne was recognized as the next King of Navarre   Theobald had married twice during Blanche's lifetime and had one daughter by the time of her death, who was also named Blanche 

Children

Blanche had two children with Theobald III of Champagne:

Marie – Blanche is noted as having borne an older daughter named Marie to Theobald III before his death in May 1201  References to this Marie in documentation are scant, but as Blanche was married in July 1199, Marie would have been under two years old at the time of her father's death  One of the conditions of Blanche's treaty with Philip II confirming her son's inheritance was that Marie had to be sent away to be raised in the royal court at Paris 
Theobald I of Navarre 


== Notes ==
Context 2: Passage 1:
Marianne von Willemer
Marianne von Willemer (born 20 November 1784, probably in Linz; died 6 December 1860 in Frankfurt am Main; probably born as Marianne Pirngruber; also known as Marianne Jung) was an Austrian actress and dancer best known for her relationship with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and her appearance in his poetry 

Biography
At the age of 14 she moved to Frankfurt am Main, where she became the third wife of Frankfurt banker Johann Jakob von Willemer  He introduced her to Goethe, who met Marianne in 1814 and 1815  Goethe immortalised her in the Buch Suleika of his late work West-östlicher Divan; she later revealed that several of its poems were authored by her 
Passage 2:
Mary Proctor
Mary Proctor  (1862 – 11 September 1957) was an American popularizer of astronomy  While not a professional astronomer, Proctor became well known for her books and articles written for the public – particularly her children's fiction   Despite various claims as being an American, there is a passenger list of about 1924 where she gives nationality as British 

Early life
Mary Proctor was born in Dublin, Ireland, the daughter of Mary and Richard Proctor  Proctor's mother died in 1879  Her father remarried in 1881 and her family immigrated to the United States settling in Saint Joseph, Missouri in 1882 Proctor's father was a British popularizer of astronomy, lecturer, and writer  As she grew up, Proctor often assisted her father in his work, looking after his library and correcting proofs of his books before they went to publication  She graduated from the London College of Preceptors in 1898 The crater Proctor on the Moon was named after her and Proctor on Mars was named after her father )

Career
In 1881, Proctor assisted her father in founding and producing a journal called Knowledge  She wrote a series of articles on the topic of comparative mythology  After a well-received appearance at the World's Columbian Exposition 1893, she eventually developed a career as an astronomy lecturer  Her book-length debut, Stories of Starland (1898), was adopted by the New York City Board of Education  She worked as an astronomy teacher in private schools while attending Columbia University 

Works
Proctor authored many articles for newspapers, journals and published numerous popular books  Her articles and books were mostly aimed for young readers, which earned her the nickname "the children's astronomer " Her books were easy to read, accurate, informative and well illustrated  Known and respected by many professional astronomers, Proctor became an elected member of the British Astronomical Association in 1897 and the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1898   On 11 February 1916, she was elected as a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society 

Bibliography
Stories Of Starland, 1895 
Giant Sun And His Family, 1896 
"Halley's Comet after 75 years rushes Earthward again", San Francisco Call, August 23, 1908 
Half Hours With The Summer Stars, 1911 
Legends Of The Stars, 1922 
The Children's Book Of The Heavens, 1924 
Evenings With The Stars, 1924 
Legends Of The Sun And Moon, 1926 
The Romance Of Comets, 1926 
The Romance Of The Sun, 1927 
The Romance Of The Moon, 1928 
The Romance Of The Planets, 1929 
Wonders Of The Sky, 1931 
Our Stars Month By Month, 1937
M  Proctor and A  C  D  Crommelin, Comets, 1937 
Everyman's Astronomy 1939 
Comets, Meteors And Shooting Stars, 1940 
Passage 3:
Lara Porzak
Lara Porzak (born April 14, 1967, in Rome, Italy) is an American fine art photographer, daughter of Pulitzer-prize nominated novelist, Marianne Wiggins 

About
Lara Porzak works predominantly with black & white film and is acclaimed for using labour-intensive, non-digital photographic methods, often utilizing vintage cameras and lenses from the late 1800s to create her photographs  According to The Los Angeles Times, "Her photojournalistic style combines with the romantic influences of European photographers from the 1930s and ‘40s to give her work a timeless quality with a strong sense of narrative "Porzak is "a real-deal fine art photographer" who has produced over 20 fine art photography shows and her work is part of the Getty museum's California Artist's Collection  The quality of her handmade photographs, using the gelatin silver process and tintypes has attracted many collectors throughout the world, as C Magazine so eloquently writes "If a picture is worth a thousand words, no doubt a Lara Porzak image is worth a great deal more " Her photographs have also appeared on many television shows & movies Porzak started her own photography business in the late 1990s as a fine art wedding photographer with a photojournalistic style, and her talent for disappearing into her subjects soon elevated her to the top of her field; travelling the globe, capturing weddings with her artistic aesthetic  Porzak has photographed the weddings of (to only name a few, in alphabetical order): Jennifer Aniston, Drew Barrymore, Kevin Costner, Ellen DeGeneres, Mariska Hargitay, Heidi Klum, Adam Sandler, Brooke Shields, Channing Tatum and Reese Witherspoon  When asked about her wedding photography in a magazine interview Porzak is quoted as saying, “my interest in photography isn’t just so people can remember what happened, but so they can remember how they felt ” Lured by the perfect light in which to make tintypes, she now lives in sunny Venice Beach, California 
Porzak is often quoted as saying 'the soul is not digital' and says with conviction "there is no separation between my work and my life "Her favorite color is whiskey 

Education
Lara Porzak attended Martha’s Vineyard Regional High School and received her degree from Dartmouth College  A self-proclaimed photography workshop junkie, Porzak has studied with Mary Ellen Mark, Graciela Iturbide and Christopher James amongst others 

Published credited works (selected)
Books and magazines
DeVries, Annalise (1 September 2015)  "Caught on Film"  Fresh Style 
Kelleher, Katy (April 2018)  "Found Objects"  Maine Home Design 
"Lara Porzak: Wild Horse"  Fresh Focus Photography  Leica 
McKinnon, Kelsey  "An Artist's Perspective"  C Magazine 
McKinnon, Kelsey  "A Modern Romance, an interview with fine art film photographer, Lara Porzak"  C Magazine  Fall 2015 
Niemi, Wayne (4 May 2008)  "Meet the experts"  The Los Angeles Times 
"Photographers"  House and Gardens (January 2012) 
Shields, Brooke (2014)  There Was a Little Girl: The Real Story of My Mother and Me  Plume  ISBN 9780147516565
Wiggins, Marianne (2007)  The Shadow Catcher  Simon and Schuster Paperbooks  ISBN 9780743265201 
Williams-Paisley, Kimberly (2017)  Where the Light Gets In: Losing My Mother Only to Find Her Again  Three Rivers Press  ISBN 9781101902974 

Celebrity portraits
"Celebrity Circuit"  CBS News 
"Drew's Perfect Day: Drew Barrymore & Will Kopelman's wedding photography by Lara Porzak"  People  2 June 2012 
Ellen & Portia's Wedding: Ellen DeGeneres & Portia de Rossi's wedding photography by Lara Porzak"  People  1 September 2008 
"Reese Witherspoon's Perfect Day: Reese Witherspoon & Jim Toth's wedding photography by Lara Porzak"  People  26 March 2011 
"Sofi Newmyer, Benjamin Schultz"  New York Times  27 August 2017 
Stebbins, Sarah (Winter 2005)  "California Dreamy: Mariska Hargitay and Peter Hermann's wedding photography by Lara Porzak"  InStyle Weddings: 318–325 
Théval, Vincent (January 2011)  ""Idaho" with Jeff Martin"  Photography by Lara Porzak  La Liberation Magazine 
Vulpo, Mike   "Ellen DeGeneres Has the Sweetest Message for Portia de Rossi on Their Ninth Wedding Anniversary"   E News!  16 August 2017 

Movies and TV credits
Lara Porzak's fine art was featured in "Felicity" and "Six Feet Under "
Passage 4:
Alexandros Margaritis
Alexandros "Alex" Margaritis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Μαργαρίτης; born 20 September 1984) is a Greek-German racing driver who is best known for competing in the German-based Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters touring car championship  Prior to that, his career had focused on formula single seater racing in Europe  Margaritis has dual nationality as a result of his place of birth and Greek parentage 

Karting and formula racing
Margaritis had his first experience of karting in 1996, and in 1997, he competed in the ICA Junior class, in which he secured the championship runner-up position  He spent the next two seasons competing in the International Junior class in Germany, finishing 4th overall in 1999  In the following year, Margaritis made his single seater formula debut in the Formula BMW ADAC championship  In 2001, he achieved three podium finishes and one pole position on the way to 6th in the championship standings 
After one season in German Formula Renault, in which he finished 7th overall, Margaritis made his Formula Three debut in the first season of the new Formula 3 Euro Series  He achieved one podium finish and two pole positions during the first year and retained a place in the series in 2004 

Touring cars
In 2005, Margaritis moved from formula racing to touring cars when an opportunity arose in one of Europe's most high-profile touring car championships  He was signed by Mücke Motorsport, which was making the same transition between disciplines 
In a 2004-specification AMG Mercedes C Klasse, Margaritis did not achieve any points finishes; his best finish was 9th place at Spa-Francorchamps  He then moved to Persson Motorsport as the third driver in its 2006 line-up alongside Mathias Lauda and Jean Alesi  He was classified 11th in the standings, with a total of 11 points, and achieved a best finish of 5th position in the season's first race  Persson retained his services in 2007 alongside Paul di Resta and Gary Paffett  He finished 10th in the overall drivers standings with 16 points, achieving two 4th places 
On 27 February 2008, Margaritis announced his intention to leave the DTM and seek a position in another championship or category, citing as a primary factor the handicap of competing in year-old cars against machinery of factory specification 

Grand Tourers
In 2008, Margaritis switched his focus to GT cars: He competed in the 24 Hours of Spa for Phoenix Racing  The Corvette C6 R failed to finish the race and was classified 37th 
After one season without racing in major series, Margaritis participated in the newly created FIA GT1 World Championship  He drove for Triple H Team Hegersport and Phoenix Racing  In spite of not participating in all events he finished 7th in the overall standings 
Margaritis switched to the ADAC GT Masters in 2011  He and his partner Dino Lunardi won the driver's championship in their BMW ALPINA B6 GT3  In 2012 Margaritis switched to Team Heico to share a car with Lance David Arnold  The pairing finished 18th in their Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3  
Heico hired Magaritis for the 2011 and 2012 editions of the 24 Hours Nürburgring as well 
2013 saw Margaritis getting a part-time drive for H&R Spezialfedern GmbH & Co in the VLN 

Racing record
Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

† — Retired, but was classified as he completed 90% of the winner's race distance 

Complete GT1 World Championship results
Sources
Speedsport Magazine
Official website
Touring Car Times
Passage 5:
Jane Tilden
Jane Tilden, born as Marianne Wilhelmine Tuch, (1910–2002) was an Austrian actress who enjoyed a long career on stage and in films and television shows  She was born as Marianne Tuch in Aussig, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire  She was the sister of the cinematographer Walter Tuch  After making her debut on the stage in the early 1930s she appeared regularly in German and Austrian films during the Nazi era including the 1938 comedy The Blue Fox (1938)  After the Second World War she worked regularly in film and television, increasingly in supporting roles  She was married three times, her husbands included the actor Erik Frey and composer Alexander Steinbrecher 

Selected filmography
The Emperor's Candlesticks (1936)
Hannerl and Her Lovers (1936)
Flowers from Nice (1936)
The Blue Fox (1938)
Mirror of Life (1938)
Happiness is the Main Thing (1941)
Two Happy People (1943)
Cordula (1950)
Anna Louise and Anton (1953)
Emperor's Ball (1956)
The True Jacob (1960)
The Good Soldier Schweik (1960)
What Is Father Doing in Italy? (1961)
Romance in Venice (1962)
The Mad Aunts Strike Out (1971)
The Count of Luxemburg (1972)
Attempted Flight (1976)
Tales from the Vienna Woods (1979)
Sting in the Flesh (1981)
Cats' Play (1983, TV film)
Passage 6:
Sheila Atim
Sheila Atim  (; born c  1991) is a Ugandan-British actress, singer, composer, and playwright  She made her professional acting debut in 2013 at Shakespeare's Globe in The Lightning Child, a musical written by her acting teacher Ché Walker 
Following critically acclaimed stage roles in the Donmar Warehouse's all-female Shakespeare Trilogy in 2016 among others, Atim won the 2018 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical for her role as Marianne Laine in an original production of Girl from the North Country  She has composed songs for several productions and premiered her play Anguis at the 2019 Edinburgh Festival Fringe  She has also been cast in several television series, including the cancelled Game of Thrones successor series Bloodmoon, the BBC's The Pale Horse and Amazon's The Underground Railroad, directed by Barry Jenkins  In 2021, she starred in Netflix's successful sports drama Bruised, directed and produced by Halle Berry  In 2022, she won another Laurence Olivier Award, this time for Best Lead Actress, for her performance in the play Constellations 

Early life
Sheila Atim was born c  1991 in Uganda and moved to the United Kingdom with her mother at the age of five months  She grew up in Rainham, London, and attended the Coopers' Company and Coborn School  She did some occasional modelling as a teenager after being recruited when she shaved the side of her head for a school prom  She appeared in a 2009 London Fashion Week event, All Walks beyond the Catwalk, organized by the British Fashion Council to showcase clothes for "real women"  She later said that "modelling was never a big earner for me  I was unusual looking, so I couldn't go for commercial castings "

Career
Theatre
Atim graduated with a degree in biomedical science from King's College London and trained as an actor at the Weekend Arts Centre in Belsize Park, London  She became involved in a workshop for a new play, The Lightning Child, which led to her being cast by her acting teacher Ché Walker for her professional acting debut at Shakespeare's Globe in 2013  In 2020, she told the King's College alumni magazine that "I look back and feel a strong connection between my scientific and artistic sides  Science often comes up in my work – even the way I approach things in the rehearsal room is affected by having taken BioMed  Sometimes it’s little private parallels and analogies I make for myself "The Lightning Child, written by Walker and Arthur Darvill, ran for several weeks from mid-September 2013 and was the first musical staged at Shakespeare's Globe  It received mixed reviews, with the Financial Times describing it as "a bold experiment, but sadly not a successful one" and The Guardian review calling it "oddly conventional and pointlessly excessive"  The Independent said that despite the production being overlong and having problems with the structure, it was "hard not to like" the show 
Atim played Keira, the physical embodiment of obsessive–compulsive disorder, in Ghost Town at the York Theatre Royal in early 2014  What's On Stage praised her "mesmeric physical presence" and The Yorkshire Times review said that Atim "dominated the stage"  Following this, Atim appeared with Ako Mitchell in Walker's two-hander Klook's Last Stand, being praised by The Guardian for an energetic performance and "tremendous stage presence" by The Daily Telegraph  In the autumn of 2014 she appeared in Rachel at the Finborough Theatre and followed this by joining the touring production of Kae Tempest's Hopelessly Devoted  In addition to this, Atim played three roles in Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) productions: the Attendant in The Jew of Malta, Julia in Love's Sacrifice, and Assistant to Lady Politic Would-Be in Volpone  Walker's The Etienne Sisters, which included songs composed by Atim, opened two days before the end of her run in Volpone 

Leading roles
Atim's first major stage role was the non-speaking part of The Woman in Les Blancs at the National Theatre in 2016  The Stage said of her performance that "at the centre of the narrative is its most potent character: a gaunt, stooped and silent woman " The New York Times described a "spine-tingling production" and suggested that Atim's character may be an emblem of Africa  The Times later referred to her performance as "mesmerising" Atim received acclaim for her 2016 performances in the Donmar Warehouse's all-female Shakespeare Trilogy set in a women's prison, when she played Ferdinand in The Tempest, Gadshill and Lady Percy in Henry IV, and Lucius in Julius Caesar  The Guardian said Atim was "a glorious, giddy Ferdinand and a moving Lady Percy – [and] frequently seems to be physically stabbing the text as much as speaking it" and The Independent wrote "Sheila Atim (Ferdinand) and Leah Harvey (Miranda) are adorably funny and charming as they capture the giddy gaucheries of first love " Atim won a 2018 Clarence Derwent Award, presented to best supporting actors in London productions, for her roles in The Tempest and Les Blancs Her leading role in Babette received a more mixed assessment, with The Times saying she was "the best thing about [the] production" while The Daily Telegraph review said "It's a pity     that Babette, whose story this is, should remain, in Atim's somewhat remote performance, so distant a figure "She played Marianne Laine in the original run of the musical Girl from the North Country at The Old Vic in London from 26 July to 7 October 2017  Following the success of The Old Vic production, it transferred into London's West End at the Noël Coward Theatre from 29 December for a limited 12-week run until 24 March 2018  The play is set during the Great Depression and Atim's character Marianne Laine is a black woman, who was adopted by a white couple that run a struggling guesthouse  The character is pregnant and appears to have been forsaken by the father of her unborn child  The music for the show consists of songs by Bob Dylan and amongst the numbers that Atim performs are his "Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love)" and "Idiot Wind"  The Guardian described Atim as "outstanding" in the role, with delivery of "Tight Connection to My Heart (Has Anybody Seen My Love)" being "direct, unaffected and perfectly poised" and her performance of "Idiot Wind" a "beautiful reading"  The Times stated that "Atim, in a strong cast, is standout," in an article that was headlined "She sings Dylan better than Bob " For her Girl from the North Country role, she received a nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Play at the 18th WhatsOnStage awards and won the 2018 Laurence Olivier award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical In 2018, she played Emilia opposite Mark Rylance's Iago in Othello at Shakespeare's Globe, where according to The Independent, "she unleashed a fury that blew the greatest actor of his generation off the stage "Atim presented her first play as an author, Anguis, at the 2019 Edinburgh Festival Fringe  It features Cleopatra being interviewed by a scientist and singing, Atim also having composed the songs  The Times considered it to be an "intriguing look at female power     that marks [Atim] as a playwright to watch", whereas The Scotsman, while praising the songs and some performances, lamented that "the stories of the hugely privileged queen and the stressed-out modern black Londoner never quite come together as strongly as the situation promises "

Television, film, and music
Atim played Viola and Sebastian in a film version of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, and won the Screen Nation 2019 Best Female Performance film award  In 2018 she portrayed Limehouse Nell in ITV's Harlots Atim plays piano, violin, bass, and drums  She composed the score for the play Time Is Love at London's Finborough Theatre in 2019, the year that she was named one of the cast of the Game of Thrones prequel series Bloodmoon  The planned series was cancelled following the pilot episode  She appeared as an alleged witch in the 2020 BBC adaptation of Agatha Christie's The Pale Horse and in 2021 she appeared in the television series The Underground Railroad and The Irregulars and the film Bruised In June 2019, Atim was named an MBE for her services to drama  She is also on the Board of Trustees of The Old Vic Theatre Trust 

Credits
Theatre
Television
Film
Radio
Awards and nominations
Notes
Passage 7:
Marianne Wiggins
Marianne Wiggins (born 1947) is an American author  According to The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English, Wiggins writes with "a bold intelligence and an ear for hidden comedy " She has won a Whiting Award, an National Endowment for the Arts award and the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize  She was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in fiction in 2004 for her novel Evidence of Things Unseen 

Biography
Wiggins was born on November 8, 1947, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania  She married Brian Porzak in 1965, with whom she had one daughter  The couple divorced in 1970 Wiggins lived in London for 16 years, and for brief periods in Paris, Brussels, and Rome  In January 1988, she married novelist Salman Rushdie in London  On February 14, 1989, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issued a Fatwa ordering Rushdie's assassination for alleged blasphemy in his book, The Satanic Verses  Although Wiggins had told Rushdie only five days prior that she wished to end their marriage, she nevertheless went into hiding along with him  In 1993, the two divorced In 2016 Wiggins suffered a stroke, leaving her unable to read or write  She regained those abilities and completed her novel Properties of Thirst over the course of several years  She was assisted by her daughter Lara Porzak Wiggins currently lives in Los Angeles, California, where she has been in the English department of the University of Southern California since 2005 
I have lived a really interesting life," she told Pamela J  Johnson in July 2006  "I haven't lived it so I can excavate material for my writing " She added, "I'm a novelist  I don't have those muscles  It's not about me  It's about what I've imagined  It's the universal voice that I want to move forward  That's my natural voice 

Awards and honors
1989: Whiting Award
1989: Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize for John Dollar
2003: Finalist for the National Book Award for Evidence of Things Unseen
2004: Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Evidence of Things Unseen

Bibliography
Novels
Babe, 1975; the story of a single mother 
Went South, 1980 
Separate Checks, 1984; a short-story writer recovers from a nervous breakdown After this book was published, Wiggins was able to support herself and her daughter from her novels John Dollar, 1989; eight girls, marooned on an island Won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize for best novel written by an American woman Eveless Eden, 1995; the romance between a war correspondent and a photographer Story suggested by then-husband Salman Rushdie 
Shortlisted for 1996 Orange Prize Almost Heaven, 1998 
Evidence of Things Unseen, 2003; the dawn of the atomic age is seen through the eyes of Fos, an amateur chemist in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, and Opal, a glassblower's daughter Nominated for 2003 National Book Award 
Gold medal for 2004 Commonwealth Club Prize (fiction) 
Finalist for 2004 Pulitzer Prize The Shadow Catcher, 2007; a dual narrative threading early life of photographer Edward Curtis and current life of "Marianne Wiggins "
Properties of Thirst, 2022

Collections
Herself in Love and Other Stories, 1987 
"Herself in Love," Originally published in Granta 17: While Waiting for a War, August 1985
Bet They'll Miss Us When We're Gone, 1991 
Passage 8:
Leslie Pietrzyk
Leslie Pietrzyk is an American author who has published three novels, Pears on a Willow Tree, A Year and a Day, and  Silver Girl, as well as two books of short stories, This Angel on My Chest and Admit This To No One  An additional historical novel, Reversing the River, set in Chicago on the first day of 1900, was serialized on the literary app, Great Jones Street 

Career
Her short fiction has appeared in The Gettysburg Review, The Iowa Review, New England Review, The Sun, Ploughshares, River Styx, The Washington Post Magazine, TriQuarterly, and Shenandoah She holds a B A  in English/Creative Writing from Northwestern University and an M F A  in creative writing from American University   She lives in Alexandria, Virginia, and teaches in the Masters in Writing program at Johns Hopkins University as well as the Low-Residency MFA program at Converse College in Spartanburg, South Carolina 
Pietrzyk is also the founder and editor of Redux, an online journal featuring previously published work 

Personal life
In a 2015 Salon piece, Pietrzyk wrote that she met her first husband in college, that he died of a heart attack at age 37, after they had been married for ten years, and that she later remarried 

Awards and honors
Her first short story collection, This Angel on My Chest , won the 2015 Drue Heinz Literature Prize 
Pietrzyk's story "Stay There," first published in The Southern Review and  later included in her 2021 collection of linked short stories, Admit This To No One, won a 2020 Pushcart Prize 
Pietrzyk was a co-winner of the Polish American Historical Association's 2020 Creative Arts Prize, awarded to artists "who have promoted an awareness of the Polish experience in the Americas "
Other awards include residencies to Hawthornden Castle, the Wolff Cottage in Fairhope (AL), Writer in Residence at ARGS, Virginia Center for Creative Arts, Kimmel Harding Nelson Center, and The Hambidge Center 
Short story awards include the Jeanne Charpiot Goodheart Prize for Fiction from Shenandoah and the Chris O’Malley Fiction Prize from Madison Review 

Works
Pears on a Willow Tree,  New York, NY Bard 1998  ISBN 9780380976676, OCLC 245707562
A Year and a Day: a Novel, New York : William Morrow, 2003  ISBN 9780060554651, OCLC 223590478
This Angel on My Chest : stories,  Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2015  ISBN 9780822944423, OCLC 910334443
Silver Girl, Los Angeles, CA: Unnamed Press, 2018  ISBN 9781944700515, OCLC 1025341666
Admit This To No One: Stories, Unnamed Press, 2021 
Passage 9:
Mariloup Wolfe
Mariloup Wolfe (born 3 January 1978) is a Canadian actress and film director  She went to F A C E  School, an art school in Montreal  She holds a major in Film Production from Concordia University (2001) and a minor in Cultural Studies from McGill University (1999)  Mariloup Wolfe became famous through her role as Marianne in the popular TV series Ramdam broadcast since 2001 on Télé-Québec 

Personal life
She was married to actor Guillaume Lemay-Thivierge  They have two sons Manoé and Miro Lemay-Thivierge  They announced their separation on 13 November 2015 

Filmography
Film roles
2001 : The favorite game, Shell look-alike
2002 : Cul-de-sac, Victoire
2004 : C R A Z Y , Brigitte
2004 : À part des autres, Nellie
2005 : De ma fenêtre, sans maison, Sylvie
2007 : Taking the Plunge (À vos marques    party!), Sandrine Meilleur
2007 : Les rois du surf (animation), voice (lead)
2009 : Taking the Plunge 2 (À vos marques    party! 2), Sandrine Meilleur
2010 : Toy Story 3 (animation), voice of Barbie in Quebec version (Histoire de jouet 3)
2015: Snowtime! (La Guerre des tuques 3D) – Sophie

TV series roles
1999 : Tag, Camilla
1999-00 : 2 frères, Ariane Aubry
2000 : Caserne 24, Marie-Ève
2000 : Km/h (III), Julie
2001–08 : Ramdam, Marianne
2002 : Fred-DY (II), Élise Désy
2002 : Le plateau, Patineuse artistique
2002 : Jean Duceppe, Denise Pelletier
2003 : 3X Rien, Sonia
2006 : Il était une fois dans le trouble, Sabrina
2007 : C A , Marie-Pierre
2007–08 : Fais ça court!, host (autumn 2007 – winter 2008)
2010 : Musée Éden, Camille Courval

Director
2001: Fly fly (short film)
2004: Trois petits coups (short film)
2008: Free Fall (Les Pieds dans le vide) (full-length film)
2019: Jouliks
2022: Arlette

Awards and nominations
Prizes
2005 : Prix MetroStar : Youth artiste for Ramdam
2007 : Prix Artis : Youth artiste
2007 : Prix KARV : Best mother
2007 : Prix KARV : Coolest Québécois personality
2007 : Prix Gémeaux : Best leading youth role for Ramdam
2008 : Prix Artis : Youth artiste

Nominations
2004 : Nomination Prix MetroStar : Youth artiste for Ramdam
2006 : Nomination Prix Artis : Youth artiste for Ramdam
2004 : Nomination Prix Gémeaux : Best leading youth role for Ramdam
Passage 10:
Mari Mancusi
Mari Mancusi, sometimes credited as Marianne Mancusi, is an American author of  middle grade young adult and new adult novels and former Emmy Award winning television news producer 

Bibliography
Blood Coven Vampires Series
Boys That Bite (2006)
Stake That (2006)
Girls That Growl (2007)
Bad Blood (2009)
Night School (2010)
Blood Ties (2011)
Soul Bound (2012)
Blood Forever (2012)
Blood Coven Vampires Volume One (2011)
‘’Once Upon a Vampire’’ (2017)

Scorched series
Scorched (2013)
Shattered (2014)
Smoked (2015)

Frozen series
Frozen 2: Dangerous Secrets (2020)
Frozen: Polar Nights (2022)

Middle Grade novels
"Golden Girl" (2015)
"Princesses, Inc" (2017)
"The Camelot Code: The Once and Future Geek” (2018)
"The Camelot Code: Geeks and the Holy Grail" (2019)
”Dragon Ops” (2020)
"Dragon Ops 2" (2021)

Standalone novels
A Connecticut Fashionista in King Arthur's Court (2005)
Sk8er Boy (2005)
What, No Roses? (2006)
A Hoboken Hipster in Sherwood Forest (2007)
Moongazer (2007) (Reissued in 2012 as Alternity)
Razor Girl (2008) (Reissued in 2012 as Tomorrow Land)
News Blues (2008) (Reissued in 2012 as Love at 11)
Gamer Girl (2008)
These Boots Were Made for Stomping (Anthology, 2008) (Reissued story "Karma Kitty Goes to Comic Con" in 2011)
My Zombie Valentine (Anthology, 2010) (Reissued story "Zombiewood Confidential" in 2011)

Awards
2006 Most Innovative Historical Romance Award for What, No Roses?, RT Book Reviews
2009 Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers for Gamer Girl, YALSA
2012 Popular Paperbacks for Young Adults for Gamer Girl, YALSA



ground_truth: Palencia

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Does Leslie Pietrzyk have the same nationality as Marianne Wiggins?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 2:
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Maria Teresa (born María Teresa Mestre y Batista; 22 March 1956) is the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as the wife of Grand Duke Henri, who acceded to the throne in 2000 

Early life and education
Maria Teresa was born on 22 March 1956 in Marianao, Havana, Cuba, to José Antonio Mestre y Álvarez (1926–1993) and wife  María Teresa Batista y Falla de Mestre (1928–1988), both from bourgeois families of Spanish descent  She is also the granddaughter of Agustín Batista y González de Mendoza, who was the founder of the Trust Company of Cuba, the most powerful Cuban bank prior to the Cuban Revolution In October 1959, at the time of the Cuban Revolution, Maria Teresa Mestre’s parents left Cuba with their children, because the new government headed by Fidel Castro confiscated their properties  The family settled in New York City,  where as a young girl she was a pupil at Marymount School  From 1961 she carried on her studies at the Lycée Français de New York  In her childhood, Maria Teresa Mestre took ballet and singing courses  She practices skiing, ice-skating and water sports  She later lived in Santander, Spain, and in Geneva, Switzerland, where she became a Swiss citizen In 1980, Maria Teresa graduated from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva with a degree in political sciences  While studying there, she met her future husband Henri of Luxembourg 

Social and humanitarian interests
Soon after her marriage, Maria Teresa and the then Hereditary Grand Duke Henri established The Prince Henri and Princess Maria Teresa Foundation to help those with special needs integrate fully into society  In 2001, she and her husband created The Grand Duke and Grand Duchess Foundation, launched upon the accession of the couple as the new Grand Duke and Duchess of Luxembourg  In 2004, the Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess Maria Teresa Foundation was created after the merging of the two previous foundations 
In 1997, Maria Teresa was made a special ambassador for UNESCO, working to expand education for young girls and women and help to fight poverty Since 2005, Maria Teresa has been the chairwoman of the international jury of the European Microfinance Award, which annually awards holders of microfinance and inclusive finance initiatives in developing countries  Also, since 2006, Maria Teresa has been honorary president of the LuxFLAG (Luxembourg Fund Labeling Agency), the first agency to label responsible microfinance investment funds around the world On 19 April 2007, the Grand Duchess was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008), and Burundi (2009) She is a member of the Honorary Board of the International Paralympic Committee and a patron of the Ligue Luxembourgeoise de Prévention et d’Action medico-sociales and SOS Villages d’Enfants Monde  The Grand Duchess and her husband Grand Duke Henri are the members of the Mentor Foundation (London), created under the patronage of the World Health Organization  She is also the president of the Luxembourg Red Cross and the Cancer Foundation  In 2016, she organized the first international forum on learning disabilities in Luxembourg The Grand Duchess supports the UNESCO “Breaking the Poverty Cycle of Women” project in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan  The purpose of this project is to improve the living conditions of girls, women and their families  As honorary president of her own foundation, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa set up a project called Projet de la Main Tendue after visiting the Bujumbura prison in 2009 in Burundi  The purpose of this project is to liberate minor people from prison and to give them new opportunities for their future 
In October 2016, Maria Teresa accepted an invitation to join the eminent international Council of Patrons of the Asian University for Women (AUW) in Chittagong, Bangladesh  The university, which is the product of east-west foundational partnerships (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Society Foundation, IKEA Foundation, etc ) and regional cooperation, serves extraordinarily talented women from 15 countries across Asia and the Middle East In 2019, Maria Teresa presented her initiative "Stand Speak Rise Up!" to end sexual violence in fragile environments, launched in cooperation with the Women’s Forum and with the support of the Luxembourg government  The conference is in partnership with the Dr  Denis Mukwege Foundation and We Are Not Weapons of War In 2020 the Prime Minister of Luxembourg commissioned a report into the Cour le Grand Ducal following concerns over its working  The report found that up to 1/3 of employees had left since 2015 and that "The most important decisions in the field of personnel management, whether at the level of recruitment, assignment to the various departments or even at the dismissal level are taken by HRH the Grand Duchess ” Several newspaper reports at the time highlighted a 'culture of fear' around the Grand Duchess and "that no-one bar the Prime Minister dared confront her"  The report also raised concerns about the use of public funds to pay for the Grand Duchess' personal website and that this had been prioritised over the Cour's own official website  There were also allegations that staff at the Court has been subject to physical abuse and these reports were investigated by the Luxembourg judicial police 
In February 2023 it was reported by several Luxembourg based media that the Grand Duchess had once again been accused of treating staff poorly during an outfit fitting in October 22  The incident even involved the Prime Minister of Luxembourg having to speak to the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess about the treatment of the staff and commissioning a report into it 

Family
Maria Teresa married Prince Henri of Luxembourg in a civil ceremony on 4 February 1981 and a religious ceremony on 14 February 1981, since Valentine's Day was their favourite holiday  The consent of the Grand Duke had been previously given on 7 November 1980  She received a bouquet of red roses and a sugarcane as a wedding gift from Cuban leader, Fidel Castro  The couple has five children: Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince Félix of Luxembourg, Prince Louis of Luxembourg, Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, and Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg, They were born at Maternity Hospital in Luxembourg City 

Honours
National
Luxembourg:
 Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
 Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau

Foreign
Austria: Grand Star  of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold I
 Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
 Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant
 Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
 France: Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit
 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence
 Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 Japan: Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
 Latvia: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars
 Netherlands:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
 Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav
Portugal-
 Portuguese Royal Family:
Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel
 Portugal:
Grand Cross of the Order of Christ
Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Grand Cross of the Order of Infante Henry
Grand Cross of the Order of Camões
 Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
 Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III
 Sweden:
Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star
Recipient of the 50th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf

Footnotes
External links
 Media related to Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg at Wikimedia Commons
Official website
The Mentor Foundation charity website
Passage 3:
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (1875–1964)
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (German: Auguste Maria Luise Prinzessin von Bayern; 28 April 1875 – 25 June 1964) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and the spouse of Archduke Joseph August of Austria 

Birth and family
Auguste was born in Munich, Bavaria, the second child of Prince Leopold of Bavaria and his wife, Archduchess Gisela of Austria  She had one older sister, Princess Elisabeth Marie of Bavaria and two younger brothers, Prince Georg of Bavaria and Prince Konrad of Bavaria 

Marriage and issue
She married Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, on 15 November 1893 in Munich  The couple had six children;

Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, born on 28 March 1895; died on 25 September 1957(1957-09-25) (aged 62)
Archduchess Gisela Auguste Anna Maria, born on 5 July 1897; died on 30 March 1901(1901-03-30) (aged 3)
Archduchess Sophie Klementine Elisabeth Klothilde Maria, born on 11 March 1899; died on 19 April 1978(1978-04-19) (aged 79)
Archduke Ladislaus Luitpold, born on 3 January 1901; died on 29 August 1946(1946-08-29) (aged 44)
Archduke Matthias Joseph Albrecht Anton Ignatius, born on 26 June 1904; died on 7 October 1905(1905-10-07) (aged 1)
Archduchess Magdalena Maria Raineria, born on 6 September 1909; died on 11 May 2000(2000-05-11) (aged 90)

Ancestry
World War I
On the outbreak of war with Italy in 1915, Augusta Maria Louise, though in her 40s and the mother of a son serving as an officer, went to the front with the cavalry regiment of which her husband, the Archduke Josef August, a corps commander, was honorary colonel, and served a common soldier, wearing a saber and riding astride, until the end of the war 
Passage 4:
Marie-Louise Coidavid
Queen Marie Louise Coidavid (1778 – 11 March 1851) was the Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti 1811–20 as the spouse of Henri Christophe 

Early life
Marie-Louise was born into a free black family; her father was the owner of Hotel de la Couronne, Cap-Haïtien  Henri Christophe was a slave purchased by her father  Supposedly, he earned enough money in tips from his duties at the hotel that he was able to purchase his freedom before the Haitian Revolution  They married in Cap-Haïtien in 1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior  They had four children: François Ferdinand (born 1794), Françoise-Améthyste (d  1831), Athénaïs (d  1839) and Victor-Henri 
At her spouse's new position in 1798, she moved to the Sans-Souci Palace  During the French invasion, she and her children lived underground until 1803 

Queen
In 1811, Marie-Louise was given the title of queen upon the creation of the Kingdom of Haiti  Her new status gave her ceremonial tasks to perform, ladies-in-waiting, a secretary and her own court  She took her position seriously, and stated that the title "given to her by the nation" also gave her responsibilities and duties to perform  She served as the hostess of the ceremonial royal court life performed at the Sans-Souci Palace  She did not involve herself in the affairs of state  She was given the position of Regent should her son succeed her spouse while still being a minor   However, as her son became of age before the death of his father, this was never to materialize After the death of the king in 1820, she remained with her daughters Améthyste and Athénaïs at the palace until they were escorted from it by his followers together with his corpse; after their departure, the palace was attacked and plundered  Marie-Louise and her daughters were given the property Lambert outside Cap  She was visited by president Jean Pierre Boyer, who offered her his protection; he denied the spurs of gold she gave him, stating that he was the leader of poor people  They were allowed to settle in Port-au-Prince  Marie-Louise was described as calm and resigned, but her daughters, especially Athénaïs, were described as vengeful 

Exile
The Queen was in exile for 30 years  In August 1821, the former queen left Haiti with her daughters under the protection of the British admiral Sir Home Popham, and travelled to London  There were rumours that she was searching for the money, three million, deposited by her spouse in Europe  Whatever the case, she did live the rest of her life without economic difficulties  The English climate and pollution during the Industrial Revolution was determintal to Améthyste's health, and eventually they decided to leave In 1824, Marie-Louise and her daughters moved in Pisa in Italy, where they lived for the rest of their lives, Améthyste dying shortly after their arrival and Athénaïs in 1839  They lived discreetly for the most part, but were occasionally bothered by fortune hunters and throne claimers who wanted their fortune  Shortly before her death, she wrote to Haiti for permission to return  She never did, however, before she died in Italy  She is buried in the church of San Donnino  A historical marker was installed in front of the church on April 23, 2023 to commemorate the Queen, her daughter and her sister 

See also
Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité
Adélina Lévêque
Passage 5:
Mehdi Abrishamchi
Mehdi Abrishamchi (Persian: مهدی ابریشم‌چی born in 1947 in Tehran) is a high-ranking member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) 

Early life
Abrishamchi came from a well-known anti-Shah bazaari family in Tehran, and participated in June 5, 1963, demonstrations in Iran  He became a member of Hojjatieh, and left it to join the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in 1969  In 1972 he was imprisoned for being a MEK member, and spent time in jail until 1979 

Career
Shortly after Iranian Revolution, he became one of the senior members of the MEK  He is now an official in the National Council of Resistance of Iran 

Electoral history
Personal life
Abrishamchi was married to Maryam Rajavi from 1980 to 1985  Shortly after, he married Mousa Khiabani's younger sister Azar 

Legacy
Abrishamchi credited Massoud Rajavi for saving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran after the "great schism" 
Passage 6:
Adib Kheir
Adib Kheir (Arabic: أديب الخير) was a leading Syrian nationalist of the 1920s  He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle in Damascus  His granddaughter is the spouse of Manaf Tlass 
Passage 7:
This Time (Waylon Jennings song)
"This Time" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Waylon Jennings  It is the title track from the album This Time and was released in April 1974 as the album's first single  The song reached No  1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in June 1974 and was his first of fourteen country No  1 hits 

Chart performance
Passage 8:
Gertrude of Bavaria
Gertrude of Bavaria (Danish and German: Gertrud; 1152/55–1197) was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI 
Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähringen in either 1152 or 1155  She was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia, in 1166, and became a widow in 1167  In 1171 she was engaged and in February 1177 married to Canute of Denmark in Lund  The couple lived the first years in Skåne  On 12 May 1182, they became king and queen  She did not have any children  During her second marriage, she chose to live in chastity and celibacy with her husband  Arnold of Lübeck remarked of their marriage, that her spouse was: "The most chaste one, living thus his days with his chaste spouse" in eternal chastity 
Passage 9:
Waylon Jennings
Waylon Arnold Jennings (born Wayland Arnold Jennings; June 15, 1937 – February 13, 2002) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor  He pioneered the Outlaw Movement in country music 
Jennings started playing guitar at the age of eight and performed at age fourteen on KVOW radio, after which he formed his first band, The Texas Longhorns  Jennings left high school at age sixteen, determined to become a musician, and worked as a performer and DJ on KVOW, KDAV, KYTI, KLLL, in Coolidge, Arizona, and Phoenix  In 1958, Buddy Holly arranged Jennings's first recording session, and hired him to play bass  Jennings gave up his seat on the ill-fated flight in 1959 that crashed and killed Holly, J  P  "The Big Bopper" Richardson and Ritchie Valens 
Jennings then formed a rockabilly club band, The Waylors, which became the house band at "JD's", a club in Scottsdale, Arizona  He recorded for independent label Trend Records and A&M Records, but did not achieve success until moving to RCA Victor, when he acquired Neil Reshen as his manager, who negotiated significantly better touring and recording contracts  After he gained creative control from RCA Records, he released the critically acclaimed albums Lonesome, On'ry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes, followed by the hit albums Dreaming My Dreams and Are You Ready for the Country 
During the 1970s, Jennings drove outlaw country  With Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser and Jessi Colter he recorded country music's first platinum album, Wanted! The Outlaws  It was followed by Ol' Waylon and the hit song "Luckenbach, Texas"  He was featured on the 1978 album White Mansions, performed by various artists documenting the lives of Confederates during the Civil War  He appeared in films and television series, including Sesame Street, and a stint as the balladeer for The Dukes of Hazzard, composing and singing the show's theme song and providing narration for the show  By the early 1980s, Jennings struggled with cocaine addiction, which he overcame in 1984  Later, he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen with Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, and Johnny Cash, which released three albums between 1985 and 1995  During that period, Jennings released the successful album Will the Wolf Survive 
Jennings toured less after 1997 to spend more time with his family  Between 1999 and 2001, his appearances were limited by health problems  In 2001, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame  In 2007, he was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music 

Early life
Wayland Jennings was born on June 15, 1937, on the J W  Bittner farm, near Littlefield, Texas  He was the son of Lorene Beatrice (née Shipley, 1920–2006) and William Albert Jennings (1915–1968)  The Jennings family line descended from Irish and Black-Dutch  The Shipley line descended from his great-grandfather, a farmer and lawman from Tennessee, with Jennings adding that "along the way, a lot of Indian blood mixed in," including Cherokee and Comanche families The name on Jennings's birth certificate was Wayland  It was changed after a Baptist preacher visited his parents and congratulated his mother for naming him after the Wayland Baptist University in Plainview, Texas  Lorene Jennings, who was Church of Christ and had been unaware of the college, changed the spelling to Waylon  Jennings later expressed in his autobiography, "I didn't like Waylon  It sounded so corny and hillbilly, but it's been good to me, and I'm pretty well at peace with it now " After working as a laborer on the Bittner farm, Jennings's father moved the family to Littlefield and established a retail creamery 

Career
Beginnings in music
When Jennings was 8, his mother taught him to play guitar with the tune "Thirty Pieces of Silver"  Jennings used to practice with his relatives' instruments until his mother bought him a used Stella guitar, and later ordered a Harmony Patrician  Early influences included Bob Wills, Floyd Tillman, Ernest Tubb, Hank Williams, Carl Smith, and Elvis Presley Beginning with performing at family gatherings, Jennings played his first public concert at the Youth Center with Anthony Bonanno, followed by appearances at the local Jaycees and Lions Clubs  He won a talent show at Channel 13, in Lubbock, singing "Hey Joe"  He later made frequent performances at the Palace Theater in Littlefield, during local talent night At the age of 14, Jennings auditioned for a spot on KVOW in Littlefield, Texas  Owner J B  McShan, along with Emil Macha, recorded Jennings's performance  McShan liked his style and hired him for a weekly 30-minute program  Following his performance on the show, Jennings formed his own band  He asked Macha to play bass for him and gathered other friends and acquaintances to form The Texas Longhorns  The style of the band—a mixture of Country and Western and Bluegrass music—was often not well received 

After several disciplinary infractions, 16-year-old Jennings was convinced to drop out of Littlefield High School by the superintendent  Upon leaving school, he worked for his father in the family store, while he also took temporary jobs  Jennings felt that music would turn into his career  The next year he, along with The Texas Longhorns, recorded demo versions of the songs "Stranger in My Home" and "There'll Be a New Day" at KFYO radio in Lubbock  Meanwhile, he drove a truck for the Thomas Land Lumber Company, and a cement truck for the Roberts Lumber Company  Tired of the owner, Jennings quit after a minor driving accident  Jennings, and other local musicians, often performed at country radio station KDAV   During this time he met Buddy Holly at a Lubbock restaurant  The two often met during local shows, and Jennings began to attend Holly's performances on KDAV's Sunday Party In addition to performing on air for KVOW, Jennings started to work as a DJ in 1956 and moved to Lubbock  His program ran from 4:00 in the afternoon to 10:00 in the evening, filled with two hours of country classics, two of current country and two of mixed recordings  The latter included early rock-and-roll stars such as Chuck Berry and Little Richard  The owner reprimanded Jennings for his selection, and after playing two Little Richard records in a row Jennings was fired During his time at KVOW Jennings was visited by DJ Sky Corbin of KLVT in Levelland  Corbin was impressed with his voice, and decided to visit Jennings at the station after hearing him sing a jingle to the tune of Hank Snow's "I'm Moving On"  Jennings expressed his struggle to live on a $50-a-week salary  Corbin invited Jennings to visit KLVT, where he eventually took Corbin's position when it opened  The Corbin family later purchased KLLL, in Lubbock  They changed the format of the station to country, becoming the main competition of KDAV  The Corbins hired Jennings as the station's first DJ 

Jennings produced commercials and created jingles with the rest of the DJs  As their popularity increased, the DJs made public appearances  Jennings's events included live performances  During one performance, Holly's father, L O  Holley, approached them with his son's latest record and asked them to play it at the station  L O  mentioned his son's intention to start producing artists himself, and Corbin recommended Jennings  After returning from his tour of England Buddy Holly visited KLLL Holly took Jennings as his first artist  He outfitted him with new clothes, and worked with him to improve his image  He arranged a session for Jennings at Norman Petty's recording studios in Clovis, New Mexico  On September 10, Jennings recorded the songs "Jole Blon" and "When Sin Stops (Love Begins)" with Holly and Tommy Allsup on guitars and saxophonist King Curtis  Holly then hired Jennings to play bass for him during his "Winter Dance Party Tour" 

Winter Dance Party Tour
Before the tour, Holly vacationed with his wife in Lubbock and visited Jennings's radio station in December 1958  Jennings and Sky Corbin performed the hand claps to Holly's tune "You're the One"  Jennings and Holly soon left for New York City, arriving on January 15, 1959  Jennings stayed at Holly's apartment by Washington Square Park prior to a meeting scheduled at the headquarters of the General Artists Corporation, that organized the tour  They later took a train to Chicago to join the band 

The Winter Dance Party tour began in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on January 23, 1959  The amount of travel created logistical problems, as the distance between venues had not been considered when scheduling each performance  Adding to the problem, the unheated tour buses twice broke down in freezing weather, leading to drummer Carl Bunch being hospitalized for frostbite on his toes  Holly made the decision to find another means of transportation Before their performance at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, Holly chartered a four-seat Beechcraft Bonanza airplane from Dwyer Flying Service in Mason City, Iowa, for himself, Jennings, and Tommy Allsup, to avoid the long bus trip to their next venue in Moorhead, Minnesota  Following the Clear Lake show (which ended around midnight), Allsup lost a coin toss and gave up his seat on the charter plane to Ritchie Valens, while Jennings voluntarily gave up his seat to J  P  Richardson, known as The Big Bopper, who was suffering from the flu and complaining about how cold and uncomfortable the tour bus was for a man of his size When Holly learned that his bandmates had given up their seats on the plane and had chosen to take the bus rather than fly, a friendly banter between Holly and Jennings ensued, and it would come back to haunt Jennings for decades to follow: Holly jokingly told Jennings, "Well, I hope your ol' bus freezes up!" Jennings jokingly replied, "Well, I hope your ol' plane crashes!" Less than an hour and a half later, shortly after 1:00 am on February 3, 1959, Holly's charter plane crashed into a cornfield outside Mason City, instantly killing all on board Later that morning, Jennings's family heard on the radio that "Buddy Holly and his band had been killed " After calling his family, Jennings called Sky Corbin at KLLL from Fargo to confirm that he had not been aboard the plane  The General Artists Corporation promised to pay for first-class tickets for Jennings and the band to attend Holly's funeral in Lubbock in exchange for them playing that night in Moorhead  After the first show, they were initially denied their payment by the venue, but after Jennings's persistence, they were paid  The flights were never paid for, and Jennings and Allsup continued the tour for two more weeks, featuring Jennings as the lead singer  They were paid less than half of the original agreed salary, and upon returning to New York, Jennings put Holly's guitar and amplifier in a locker in Grand Central Terminal and mailed the keys to Maria Elena Holly  Then he returned to Lubbock In the early 1960s, Jennings wrote and recorded "The Stage (Stars in Heaven)", a tribute to Valens, the Big Bopper and Holly, as well as Eddie Cochran, a young musician who died in a road accident a year after the plane crash 
For decades afterward, Jennings repeatedly stated that he felt responsible for the crash that killed Holly  This sense of guilt precipitated bouts of substance abuse through much of his career "Jole Blon" was released on Brunswick in March 1959 with limited success  Now unemployed, Jennings returned to KLLL  Deeply affected by the death of Holly, Jennings's performance at the station worsened  He left the station after he was denied a raise, and later worked briefly for the competition, KDAV 

Phoenix
Due to his father-in-law's illness, Jennings had to shuttle between Arizona and Texas  While his family lived back in Littlefield, Jennings found a job briefly at KOYL in Odessa, Texas  He moved with his family to Coolidge, Arizona, where his wife Maxine's sister lived  He found a job performing at the Galloping Goose bar, where he was heard by Earl Perrin, who offered him a spot on KCKY  Jennings also played during the intermission at drive-in theaters and in bars  After a successful performance at the Cross Keys Club in Phoenix, he was approached by two contractors (Paul Pristo and Dean Coffman) who were building a club in Scottsdale for James (Jimmy) D  Musil, called JD's  Musil engaged Jennings as his main artist and designed the club around his act Jennings formed his backing band, The Waylors, with bassist Paul Foster, guitarist Jerry Gropp, and drummer Richie Albright  The band soon earned a strong local fan base at JD's, where Jennings developed his rock-influenced style of country music that defined him on his later career 

In 1961, Jennings signed a recording contract with Trend Records, and experienced moderate success with his single, "Another Blue Day"  His friend Don Bowman took demos of Jennings to Jerry Moss, who at the time was starting A&M Records with associate Herb Alpert  In July 1963 Jennings signed a contract with A&M that granted him 5% of record sales  At A&M, he recorded "Love Denied" backed with "Rave On", and Ian Tyson's "Four Strong Winds" backed with "Just to Satisfy You"  He followed up by recording demos of "The Twelfth of Never", "Kisses Sweeter than Wine", and "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right", and also produced the single "Sing the Girls a Song, Bill", backed with "The Race Is On"  The singles were released between April and October 1964 Jennings's records found little success at A&M, because the label was releasing mostly folk music rather than country at the time  He had a few regional hits around Phoenix, due to local radio airplay with  "Four Strong Winds" and "Just To Satisfy You", which was co-written with Bowman  Meanwhile, he recorded an album on BAT records produced by James Musil and engineered by Jack Miller, called "JD's Waylon Jennings" on the front of the album, and "Waylon Jennings at JD's" on the back side  After 500 copies were sold at the club another 500 were pressed by the Sounds label  He also played lead guitar for Patsy Montana on a 1964 album Singer Bobby Bare heard Jennings's "Just to Satisfy You" on his car radio while passing through Phoenix, and recorded it and "Four Strong Winds"  After stopping in Phoenix to attend a Jennings performance at JD's, Bare called Chet Atkins, head of the RCA Victor studios in Nashville, and suggested he sign Jennings  Unsure after being offered a deal with RCA if he should quit his gig at JD's and relocate to Nashville, he sought the advice of RCA artist and friend Willie Nelson, who had attended one of Jennings' shows  Upon hearing how well financially Jennings was doing at JD's Nelson suggested he stay in Phoenix Jennings then asked Herb Alpert to release him from his contract with A&M, which Alpert did  Later, after Jennings became successful, A&M compiled all of his singles and unreleased recordings and issued them as an album, Don't Think Twice  Atkins formally signed Jennings to RCA Victor in 1965  In August Jennings made his first appearance on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart with "That's the Chance I'll Have to Take" 

The Nashville Sound
In 1966, Jennings released his debut RCA Victor album Folk-Country, followed by Leavin' Town and Nashville Rebel  Leavin' Town resulted in significant chart success as the first two singles "Anita, You're Dreaming" and "Time to Bum Again" both peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart  The album's third single, a cover of Gordon Lightfoot's "(That's What You Get) For Lovin' Me", peaked at no  9, Jennings's first top 10 single  Nashville Rebel was the soundtrack to an independent film, The Nashville Rebel, starring Jennings  The single "Green River" charted on Billboard country singles at no  11 

In 1967, Jennings released a hit single, "Just to Satisfy You"  During an interview, Jennings remarked that the song was a "pretty good example" of the influence of his work with Buddy Holly and rockabilly music  Jennings produced mid-chart albums that sold well, including 1967's Just to Satisfy You, which included the hit single  Jennings's singles enjoyed success  "The Chokin' Kind" peaked at number eight on Billboard's Hot Country Singles in 1967, while "Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line" hit number two the following year  In 1969, his collaboration with The Kimberlys on the single "MacArthur Park" earned a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group  His single "Brown Eyed Handsome Man" reached number three at the Hot Country Singles chart by the end of the year During this time, Jennings rented an apartment in Nashville with singer Johnny Cash  Jennings and Cash were both managed by "Lucky" Moeller's booking agency Moeller Talent, Inc  The tours organized by the agency were unproductive, with the artists being booked to venues located far from each other in close dates  After paying for the accommodation and travel expenditures, Jennings was frequently forced to request advances from the agency or RCA Victor to make the next venue  While playing 300 days on the road, Jennings's debt increased, and along with it his consumption of amphetamine  He believed himself to be "trapped on the circuit" In 1972, Jennings released Ladies Love Outlaws  The single that headlined the album became a hit for Jennings, and was his first approach to outlaw country  Jennings was accustomed to performing and recording with his own band, The Waylors, a practice that was not encouraged by powerful Nashville producers, who favored the Nashville sound produced by a roster of experienced local studio musicians  The music style publicized as "Countrypolitan" was characterized by orchestral arrangements and the absence of most traditional country music instruments  The producers did not let Jennings play his own guitar or select material to record  Jennings felt limited by Nashville's lack of artistic freedom 

Outlaw Country
By 1972, after the release of Ladies Love Outlaws, his recording contract was nearing an end  Upon contracting hepatitis, Jennings was hospitalized  Sick and frustrated with the Nashville music industry, he was considering retirement  Albright visited him and convinced him to continue, suggesting he hire Neil Reshen as his new manager  Meanwhile, Jennings requested a $25,000 royalty advance from RCA Records to cover his living expenses during his recovery  The same day he met Reshen, RCA sent Jerry Bradley to offer Jennings $5,000 as a bonus for signing a new 5% royalty deal with RCA, the same terms he had accepted in 1965  After reviewing the offer with Reshen, he rejected it and hired Reshen 

Reshen started to renegotiate Jennings's recording and touring contracts  At a meeting in a Nashville airport Jennings introduced Reshen to Willie Nelson  By the end of the meeting Reshen had become Nelson's manager as well  Jennings's new deal included a $75,000 advance and artistic control  Reshen advised Jennings to keep the beard that he had grown in the hospital, to match the image of Outlaw Country By 1973 Nelson found success with Atlantic Records  Now based in Austin, Texas, he began to attract rock and roll fans to his shows, which gained him notice in its press  Atlantic Records made a bid to sign Jennings, but Nelson's rise to popularity persuaded RCA to renegotiate with him before losing another potential star In 1973, Jennings released Lonesome, On'ry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes, the first albums recorded and released under his creative control  This heralded a major turning point for Jennings, resulting in his most critically and commercially successful years  More hit albums followed with This Time and The Ramblin' Man, both released in 1974  The title tracks of both albums topped the Billboard Country singles chart, with the self-penned "This Time" becoming Jennings's first no  1 single  Dreaming My Dreams, released in 1975, included the no  1 single "Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way", and became his first album to be certified gold by the RIAA; it was also the first of six consecutive solo studio albums to be certified gold or higher  In 1976 Jennings released Are You Ready for the Country  Jennings wanted Los Angeles producer Ken Mansfield to produce the record, but RCA initially balked  Jennings and The Waylors traveled to Los Angeles and recorded with Mansfield at Jennings's own expense  A month later, Jennings returned to Nashville and presented the master tape to Chet Atkins, who, after listening to it, decided to release it  The album reached number 1 Billboard's country albums three times the same year, topping the charts for 10 weeks  It was named Country album of the year in 1976 by Record World magazine and was certified gold by the RIAA 

In 1976, RCA released the compilation album Wanted! The Outlaws, with Jennings, Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser, and Jennings's wife, Jessi Colter  The album was the first Country music album certified platinum  The following year, RCA issued Ol' Waylon, an album that produced a hit duet with Nelson, "Luckenbach, Texas"  The album Waylon and Willie followed in 1978, producing the hit single "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"  Jennings released I've Always Been Crazy, also in 1978  The same year, at the peak of his success, Jennings began to feel limited by the outlaw movement  Jennings referred to the overexploitation of the image in the song "Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand?", claiming that the movement had become a "self-fulfilling prophecy"  In 1979, RCA released Jennings first Greatest Hits compilation, which was certified gold the same year, and quintuple platinum in 2002 Also in 1979, Jennings joined the cast of the CBS series The Dukes of Hazzard as the Balladeer, the narrator  The only episode to feature him as an actor was "Welcome, Waylon Jennings", during the seventh season  Jennings played himself, presented as an old friend of the Duke family  For the show he also wrote and sang the theme song "Good Ol' Boys", which became the biggest hit of his career  Released as a single in promotion with the show, it became Jennings's 12th single to reach number one on the Billboard Country Singles chart  It was also a crossover hit, peaking at no  21 on the Billboard Hot 100 

Later years
In the mid-1980s, Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, and Jennings formed a successful group called The Highwaymen  Aside from his work with The Highwaymen, Jennings released a gold album WWII (1982) with Willie Nelson In 1985, Jennings joined with USA for Africa to record "We Are the World", but he left the studio because of a dispute over the song's lyrics that were to be sung in Swahili  By this time, his sales had decreased  After the release of Sweet Mother Texas, Jennings signed with MCA Records  His debut release with the label, Will the Wolf Survive (1985), peaked at number one in Billboard's Country albums in 1986  Jennings's initial success tailed off, and in 1990, he signed with Epic Records  His first release, The Eagle, became his final top 10 album Also in 1985, he made a cameo appearance in the live-action children's film Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird  In the movie, he plays a turkey farm truck driver who gives Big Bird a lift  He also sings one of the film's songs, entitled "Ain't No Road Too Long"  In 1993, in collaboration with Rincom Children's Entertainment, Jennings recorded an album of children's songs, Cowboys, Sisters, Rascals & Dirt, which included "Shooter's Theme", a tribute to his 14-year-old with the theme of "a friend of mine" As his record sales and radio play declined through the 1990s, Jennings continued to draw large crowds to his live performances  in 1994 Jennings made a small appearance in the movie Maverick, with Mel Gibson, Jodie Foster, and James Garner 
In 1996, Jennings released his album, Right for the Time  In 1997, after the Lollapalooza tour, he decreased his tour schedule to focus on his family  In 1998, Jennings teamed up with Bare, Jerry Reed, and Mel Tillis to form the Old Dogs  The group recorded a double album of songs by Shel Silverstein In mid-1999, Jennings assembled what he referred to as his "hand-picked dream team" and formed Waylon & The Waymore Blues Band  Consisting primarily of former Waylors, the 13-member group performed concerts from 1999 to 2001  As his health declined, Jennings decided to end his touring career  In January 2000, Jennings recorded what became his final album at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium, Never Say Die: Live 

Music style and image
Jennings's music was characterized by his powerful rough-edged singing voice, phrasing and texture 
He was also recognized for his "spanky-twang" guitar style  To create his sound, he used a pronounced 'phaser' effect (see 'Modulation Effects': below) plus a mixture of thumb and fingers during the rhythmic parts, while using picks for the lead runs  He combined hammer-on and pull-off riffs, with eventual upper-fret double stops and modulation effects  Jennings played a 1953 Fender Telecaster, a used guitar that was a gift from The Waylors  Jennings's bandmates adorned his guitar with a distinctive leather cover that featured a black background with a white floral work  Jennings further customized it by filing down the frets to lower the strings on the neck to obtain the slapping sound  Among his other guitars, Jennings used a 1950 Fender Broadcaster from the mid-1970s, until he gave it to guitarist Reggie Young in 1993  The leather covers of his guitars were carved by leather artist Terry Lankford Jennings's signature image was characterized by his long hair and beard, and black hat and black leather vest he wore during his appearances 

Personal life
Jennings was married four times and had six children  He married Maxine Caroll Lawrence in 1956 at age 18, with whom he had four children: Terry Vance (1957–2019), Julie Rae (1958–2014), Buddy Dean (born 1960), and Deana  Jennings married Lynne Jones on December 10, 1962, adopting a child, Tomi Lynne  They divorced in 1967  He married Barbara Elizabeth Rood the same year  He composed the song "This Time" about the trials and tribulations of his marriages and divorces 
Jennings married country singer Jessi Colter in Phoenix, Arizona, on October 26, 1969  Colter had a daughter, Jennifer, from her previous marriage to Duane Eddy  The couple had a son born in 1979, Waylon Albright, known as Shooter Jennings  In the early 1980s, Colter and Jennings nearly divorced due to his abuse of drugs and alcohol  In 1997, after he stopped touring, Jennings earned a GED at age 60 to set an example about the importance of education to his son, Shooter 

Addiction and recovery
Jennings started to consume amphetamines while he lived with Johnny Cash during the mid-1960s  Jennings later stated, "Pills were the artificial energy on which Nashville ran around the clock "In 1977, Jennings was arrested by federal agents for conspiracy and possession of cocaine with intent to distribute  A private courier warned the Drug Enforcement Administration about the package sent to Jennings by a New York colleague that contained 27 grams of cocaine  The DEA and the police searched Jennings's recording studio but found no evidence because, while they were waiting for a search warrant, Jennings disposed of the drug  The charges were later dropped and Jennings was released  The episode was recounted in Jennings's song "Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand" During the early 1980s, his cocaine addiction intensified  Jennings claimed to have spent $1,500 (equivalent to $4,800 in 2022) a day on his habit, draining his personal finances and leaving him bankrupt with debt up to $2 5 million  Though he insisted on repaying the debt and did additional tours to do so, his work became less focused and his tours deteriorated  Jennings leased a home in the Phoenix area and spent a month detoxing himself, intending to start using cocaine again in a more controlled fashion afterward  In 1984, he quit cocaine  He claimed that his son Shooter was his main inspiration to finally do so 

Illness and death
Decades of excessive smoking and drug use took a large toll on Jennings' health in addition to obesity and a poor diet, which resulted in his developing Type II diabetes  In 1988, four years after quitting cocaine, he ended his six-pack-a-day smoking habit  That same year, he underwent heart bypass surgery  By 2000, his diabetes worsened, and the pain reduced his mobility to the point where he was forced to end most touring  That same year, he underwent surgery to improve his left leg's blood circulation  In December 2001, his left foot was amputated at a hospital in Phoenix On February 13, 2002, Jennings died in his sleep from complications of diabetes at his home in Chandler, Arizona, aged 64  He was buried in the City of Mesa Cemetery in nearby Mesa  At his memorial service on February 15, Jessi Colter sang "Storms Never Last" 

Legacy
Between 1965 and 1991, ninety-six Jennings singles appeared on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart and sixteen topped it  Between 1966 and 1995 fifty-four of his albums charted on Billboard's Top Country Albums, with eleven reaching Number 1 

Littlefield, Texas, renamed one of its major roads, Tenth Street, to Waylon Jennings Boulevard 
He was inducted to the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame in 1999 In October 2001, Jennings was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame, but he was unable to attend the ceremony due to the pain caused by his diabetes  On July 6, 2006, Jennings was inducted to Guitar Center's RockWalk in Hollywood, California  Jessi Colter attended the ceremony along with Kris Kristofferson, who was inducted on the same day  On June 20, 2007, Jennings was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music  During the ceremony, Ray Scott sang "Rainy Day Woman" and the award was accepted by Buddy Jennings Jennings's music had an influence on numerous artists, including Hank Williams Jr , The Marshall Tucker Band, Travis Tritt, Steve Earle, Waylon, Eric Church, Cody Jinks, Jamey Johnson, John Anderson, his son, Shooter Jennings, Sturgill Simpson, and Hank Williams III In 2008, the posthumous album Waylon Forever was released, which consisted of songs recorded with his then-16-year-old son, Shooter  In 2012, the three-volume Waylon: The Music Inside was released, featuring covers of Jennings's songs by different artists  Also released the same year was Goin' Down Rockin': The Last Recordings, a set of 12 songs recorded by Jennings and bassist Robby Turner before Jennings' death in 2002   The songs initially featured only Jennings' guitar and vocals, with Turner on bass; further accompaniment was to be added later  Turner completed the recordings in 2012 with the help of former Waylors  The Jennings family approved the release  Meanwhile, it launched a new business focused on his estate  Shooter Jennings arranged deals for a clothing line, launched a renewed website, and started talks with different producers on a biographical film 

Discography
Filmography
Awards
See also
Jerry "Bo" Coleman
Outlaw Country
List of country musicians
List of best-selling music artists
Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame



ground_truth: yes

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the spouse of the performer of song This Time (Waylon Jennings Song)?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: 

Cast
Lyudmila Gurchenko as Vera Nikolayevna Nefyodova, waitress
Oleg Basilashvili as Platon Sergeyevich Ryabinin, pianist
Nikita Mikhalkov as Andrey, conductor
Nonna Mordyukova as "Uncle Misha", a speculator
Mikhail Kononov as  Nikolasha, militiaman
Anastasia Voznesenskaya as Yuliya, on duty at the hotel
Aleksandr Shirvindt as Shurik,  pianist
Tatyana Dogileva as Marina, on duty at the hotel
Olga Volkova as Violetta, waitress
Raisa Etush as Lyuda, waitress
Viktor Bortsov as drunken visitor restaurant
Anatoli Skoryakin as commandant
Stanislav Sadalsky as drunk man with a carburetor
Alla Budnitskaya as Masha, Platon's wife
Eldar Ryazanov as Railroad Supervisor
Passage 10:
Fred Durst
William Frederick Durst (born Frederick Allen Mayne III; August 20, 1970) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor and director  He is the frontman and lyricist of the nu metal band Limp Bizkit, formed in 1994, with whom he has released nine studio albums 
Since 2006, Durst has worked on a number of independent films  He co-starred in Population 436, and made his directorial debut in 2007 with The Education of Charlie Banks  He followed with The Longshots in 2008  His latest film, The Fanatic, came out in 2019  He appears as a super secret playable character in the video games Fight Club, WWF Raw, and WWF SmackDown! Just Bring It 

Early life
Durst was born Frederick Allen Mayne III in Jacksonville, Florida, but soon moved to Orlando and then a farm in Cherryville, North Carolina at one year old  His mother had him rechristened as William Frederick Durst after remarrying Bill Durst, a local police officer  Shortly after, Durst's parents had another child, his half-brother Cory Durst  In the fifth grade, he moved to Gastonia, North Carolina, where he graduated from Hunter Huss High School  As a child, Durst was bullied, which he incorporated into his music  At the age of 12, Durst took an interest in breakdancing, hip hop, punk rock, and heavy metal  He began to rap, skate, beatbox, and DJ  After being discharged from the Navy after two years (1988-1990), Durst moved back to Jacksonville in 1993, briefly living with his father and working multiple jobs as a landscaper, pizza delivery driver, and tattoo artist while developing an idea for a band that combined elements of rock and hip-hop 

Career
Formation of Limp Bizkit (1994–1998)
In 1994, Durst, Malachi Sage, bassist Sam Rivers, and Rivers' cousin John Otto jammed together and wrote three songs  Guitarist Wes Borland later joined  Durst named the band Limp Bizkit because he wanted a name that would repel listeners  Limp Bizkit developed a cult following in the underground music scene when its covers of George Michael's "Faith" and Paula Abdul's "Straight Up" began to attract curious concertgoers Later, when Korn performed in town as the opening act for Sick of It All, Durst invited Korn to his house  He was able to persuade bassist Reginald Arvizu to listen to demos of the songs "Pollution", "Counterfeit", and "Stalemate"  Korn added a then-unsigned Limp Bizkit to two tours, which gave the band a new audience  DJ Lethal, formerly of the hip hop group House of Pain, joined the band as a turntablist; Durst's disagreements with Borland led the guitarist to quit and rejoin the band In 1997, Limp Bizkit signed with Flip Records, a subsidiary of Interscope Records, and released their debut album, Three Dollar Bill, Y'all to moderate response  On October 23, 1997, Durst met the band Staind, but friction quickly emerged between the two over the cover art of Staind's album  Durst unsuccessfully attempted to remove Staind from a concert bill shortly before their performance, but after hearing the band play, he was so impressed that he signed them to Flip/Elektra, recorded a demo with the band, and co-produced their next album, Dysfunction After Limp Bizkit finished a tour with the band Deftones, Durst and DJ Lethal were asked by Max Cavalera, formerly of the band Sepultura, to appear on "Bleed", a song from the self-titled debut of his new band Soulfly  Cavalera stated that producer Ross Robinson recommended that he work with Durst  Durst also made an appearance on Korn's album Follow the Leader  Jonathan Davis had intended to write a battle rap with B-Real of Cypress Hill, but the latter's label wouldn't let him do it, and Durst was tapped instead  Davis and Durst wrote the lyrics for "All in the Family", which featured the two vocalists trading insults  Davis and Durst would often offer suggestions for each other's lyrics; a lyric written by Durst as "tootin' on your bagpipe" was changed to "fagpipes" by Davis, who stated "I helped him bag on me better" Durst began to take an interest in filmmaking, directing the music video for Limp Bizkit's single "Faith" in promotion for its appearance in the film Very Bad Things; he was unsatisfied with it and made a second video which paid tribute to tour mates Primus, Deftones and Mötley Crüe, who appeared in the video 

Mainstream success (1998–2005)
Limp Bizkit achieved mainstream success with the albums Significant Other (1999) and Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water (2000)  In June 1999, Durst was appointed Senior Vice President of A&R at Interscope  Durst utilized his connections through the label and scouted numerous bands; landing record deals for Cold, Staind, Puddle of Mudd, and She Wants Revenge  Durst would also aid in attracting other bands such as 30 Seconds to Mars and Taproot, though Durst would pass on 30 Seconds to Mars, and he later engaged in a minor feud with Taproot after they rejected his original offer to sign the group to interscope in 1999 In the summer of 1999, Limp Bizkit played at the highly anticipated Woodstock '99 festival in front of approximately 200,000 people  The concert was tarnished by violent behavior from the crowd, much of which occurred during and after their performance, including fans tearing plywood from the walls during the song "Break Stuff"  Several sexual assaults were reported in the aftermath of the concert  Durst stated during the concert, "People are getting hurt  Don't let anybody get hurt  But I don't think you should mellow out  That's what Alanis Morissette had you motherfuckers do  If someone falls, pick 'em up  We already let the negative energy out  Now we wanna let out the positive energy"  Durst later stated in an interview, "I didn't see anybody getting hurt  You don't see that  When you're looking out on a sea of people and the stage is twenty feet in the air and you're performing, and you're feeling your music, how do they expect us to see something bad going on?" Les Claypool told the San Francisco Examiner, "Woodstock was just Durst being Durst  His attitude is 'no press is bad press', so he brings it on himself  He wallows in it  Still, he's a great guy " "It's easy to point the finger and blame [us], but they hired us for what we do — and all we did is what we do  I would turn the finger and point it back to the people that hired us," said Durst, in reference to original Woodstock co-founder, Michael Lang In June 2000, Limp Bizkit's tour was sponsored by the controversial file sharing service Napster  Durst was an outspoken advocate of file sharing  During the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, Durst performed Limp Bizkit's song "Livin' It Up", as a duet with Christina Aguilera  In response to the performance, Filter frontman Richard Patrick claimed that "Fred getting onstage with Christina Aguilera embarrassed us all " In response to the negative reactions to the performance, Durst remarked, "People always just wanna talk about Britney or Christina  What's the problem? Because they make a type of music we aren't allowed to like? Or you think they are the nemesis of what our music is about? Why segregate? Why be so musically fuckin' racist? What do you mean, I can't hang out with these types of people? Clearly I didn't give a fuck, which fed a lot of it, too  I mean, someone that's not going to give in and apologise    it's gonna make people carry on talking "During a 2001 tour of Australia at the Big Day Out festival in Sydney, fans rushed the stage in the mosh pit, and teenager Jessica Michalik died of asphyxiation  In Auckland, New Zealand, on the same tour, Durst threw water over the head of a security personnel tasked with defusing a similar situation  During the Big Day Out crush, Durst has been accused of taunting security guards intervening in the situation  In court, Durst, represented by his long-time attorney, Ed McPherson, testified he had warned the concert's organizers Aaron Jackson, Will Pearce and Amar Tailor and promoter Vivian Lees of the potential dangers of such minimal security  After viewing video and hearing witness testimony, the coroner said it was evident that the density of the crowd was dangerous at the time Limp Bizkit took the stage and Durst should have acted more responsibly when the problem became apparent  Durst stated that he was "emotionally scarred" because of the teenager's death In 2002, Durst was tapped to write songs for Britney Spears, and later said that he was in a relationship with her  Spears denied Durst's claims  In a 2009 interview, he explained that "I just guess at the time it was taboo for a guy like me to be associated with a gal like her " In February 2005, a sex tape featuring Durst was released on the Internet  Durst filed a $70 million lawsuit against ten websites that posted the video In May 2003, it was reported that Durst was working on a New Wave side-project alongside Limp Bizkit's Results May Vary album  The band, named Pacifica, was reportedly in its "very early stages" and had a sound reminiscent of Duran Duran and Soft Cell  News about the band stopped quickly and no releases ever surfaced 
In July 2003, Limp Bizkit participated on the Summer Sanitarium Tour, headlined by Metallica  In the days preceding the tour's stop in Chicago, local radio personality Mancow Muller mocked Durst and suggested that listeners who were attending the concert should heckle the singer and throw debris  With the crowd chanting "fuck Fred Durst" and pelting the stage with garbage, Durst erupted after six songs, threw the microphone down and walked off stage  Durst was eventually sued for breach of contract (for not completing the show) by Chicago lawyer Michael Young in a class-action suit In May 2005, The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) was released  Sammy Siegler took over drumming duties for the band for much of the album  At Durst's insistence, the album was released as an underground album, without any advertising or promotion  The album sold over 2,000,000 copies worldwide, peaking at number 24 on the Billboard 200  Durst later announced that despite the album's title, no sequel to The Unquestionable Truth would be produced  Later in the year, the band released a Greatest Hitz album Having been bullied while growing up, Durst disliked seeing people "using my music as fuel to torture other people"; feeling that his music was being misinterpreted, he would later cite this as the reason for the band taking a hiatus Durst also said that he created a character for his music, but that he was also misunderstood by the public: "I always knew the guy in the red cap was not me  I'm Dr Frankenstein and that's my creature  Being a breakdancer, a graffiti artist, a tattoo artist and liking rock and hip hop was too much; it was a conscious effort to create Fred Durst and eventually I had to bring that guy out more than I wanted to  It took on a life of its own  I had to check into that character – the gorilla, the thing, the red cap guy  It's a painful transformation, but I do it 'cos that's what I was taught to do when you have people pulling at you" 

Start of film career (2006–2009)
While Limp Bizkit was on hiatus, Durst began working in independent films  In 2006, Durst costarred in the film Population 436  His directorial debut, The Education of Charlie Banks, was released the following year  The film, which starred Jesse Eisenberg, Chris Marquette and Jason Ritter, received mixed reviews; Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 48% based on reviews from 31 critics   The website's consensus stated, "Unevenness and earnestness mire this otherwise sweet, surprising coming of age drama " A second directorial effort, The Longshots, starring Ice Cube and Keke Palmer, was released in 2008  Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 41% based on 71 reviews, with the site's consensus indicating that the film was "a largely formulaic affair, rarely deviating from the inspirational sports movie playbook " The same year, Durst appeared as a bartender in two episodes of the television medical drama House, M D 

Limp Bizkit reunion (2009–present)
In 2009, the original lineup of Limp Bizkit reunited and began touring  Durst announced that they had begun to record a new album, Gold Cobra  The album was released on June 28, 2011, receiving mixed reviews  It peaked at number 16 on the Billboard 200 In 2012, Durst appeared on the Insane Clown Posse cover album Smothered, Covered & Chunked on a cover of AMG's "Bitch Betta Have My Money"  In February 2012, Lil Wayne announced in a radio interview that Limp Bizkit had signed to his label, Cash Money Records, which Durst confirmed on his Twitter page  A few months later Durst was featured alongside Lil Wayne and Birdman on the Kevin Rudolf song "Champions", which peaked in the top 10 on iTunes 
Originally, Durst was to direct and produce the film Pawn Shop Chronicles, starring Paul Walker; but Wayne Kramer was later chosen to direct the film  In 2014, Durst shot three commercials for the website Eharmony, In February 2018, Durst began filming The Fanatic, starring John Travolta 

Personal life
Whilst serving in the Navy, Durst was stationed in Oakland, California where he married his first wife Rachel Tergesen in 1990  The two had a daughter named Adriana Durst, born on June 3, 1990  Durst and Tergesen divorced in 1993 following a domestic disturbance in which the couple engaged in a heated argument  Durst was later arrested and charged with disorderly conduct, receiving fine of $5000 Durst would have a son named Dallas born August 30, 2001 with his ex-girlfriend, actress Jennifer Thayer On July 13, 1999, Durst was arrested for kicking a stage security guard in the head  Durst was released on $50,000 bail and was later fined in exchange for reduced charges In 2007, Durst pled no-contest to seven misdemeanor charges, including battery, assault and reckless driving  According to court documents, Durst hit two Los Angeles residents with his car on October 25, 2006  He was given a 120-day suspended sentence, 20 hours community service and a $1,500 fine In 2009, Durst married Esther Nazarov and split after three months  Durst married his third wife, make-up artist Kseniya Beryazina, in 2012  They filed for divorce in September 2018 and finalized it in 2019  Durst married Arles Durst in 2022 In 2015, Durst stated his interest in obtaining a Russian passport and spending half of the year in Crimea  He wrote a letter in which he stated that Vladimir Putin is "a great guy with clear moral principles and a nice person " Following that, Durst was banned by the Security Service of Ukraine from entering Ukraine for five years "in the interests of guaranteeing the security" of the country During the 2018 California wildfires, Durst's house burned down and he lost a majority of his possessions  His bandmate, Wes Borland, also lost several pieces of equipment in the fire due to their being stored in Durst's home in anticipation of a scheduled recording session Durst is a notable sports fan  He is known to be a fan of the National Football League's Jacksonville Jaguars and Las Vegas Raiders  Durst has shown his support for the NBA's Boston Celtics  Most famously, Durst was remembered for his unique style of regularly wearing a New York Yankees baseball cap backwards 

Feuds
Slipknot
Following Corey Taylor's public distaste for Korn drummer David Silveria's photo campaign for Calvin Klein, Taylor had taken copies of the magazine issues and burned them during multiple Slipknot live performances, culminating in Durst taking offense to the gestures  It was rumored that Durst would later make retaliatory comments towards Slipknot's fans in the spring of 1999, referring to them as "fat, ugly kids"  Durst has denied these comments  Slipknot singer Corey Taylor responded during a February 2000 appearance in Sydney, Australia by claiming that the fans of Slipknot "for the most part, enjoy all kinds of music, like Limp Bizkit… maybe " Taylor went on to claim that insulting fans of Slipknot could also be insulting fans of Limp Bizkit  During an interview with VH1 in October 2000, Durst praised Slipknot's music, expressing his desire to quell the tension between both sides, telling interviewers; "Man this band is super phat, man; we don't even know them  That's their whole thing, that's their chant, that's their thing, that's cool  Maybe all this hate that's going around the world, that's why I said 'It's all the world has even seen lately'"  Despite this; Taylor retorted with praise for Durst's financial ventures but attacked his artistic motives, claiming "Fred Durst is a great businessman, but he is not an artist" The two would find themselves on friendlier terms in 2010, while recording the album Gold Cobra; Durst included a line on the song "90 2 10", giving a shout-out to Taylor  According to Taylor during a live interview in 2011; Durst's children were allegedly fans of Slipknot  Limp Bizkit was later booked on the 2014 Japanese leg of Slipknot's Knotfest tour along with Korn In 2021, after the death of ex-Slipknot drummer Joey Jordison, Limp Bizkit paid tribute to him at one of their shows 

Britney Spears
Durst and Britney Spears were linked to have written numerous songs for her then-upcoming 2003 album In the Zone  At the time Spears was making numerous headlines as reports surfaced of her fractured relationship with former boyfriend Justin Timberlake (with whom Spears had split from in 2002), later linking her with Durst as the two were spotted together on numerous occasions  In response of initial allegations that Spears had engaged in an affair with Durst, Timberlake released the track Cry Me a River in November of 2002, aimed at Spears  In January of 2003, Durst claimed he and Spears were in a relationship stemming from their collaborations on three upcoming tracks for the album  Upon hearing Durst's claims; Spears denied the two were in a relationship but claimed Durst "Was a really Sweet guy", admitting the two still shared a friendly relationship  Out of anger at Spears' denial of the affair; Durst scrapped his three songs for Spears' album and leaked the song "Just Drop Dead" on February 18, 2003 through Limp Bizkit's website  The song depicts Durst's vulgar recounting of their alleged relationship  Durst continued to expose numerous sexual encounters between the two during a later appearance on Howard Stern  During a 2009 interview, Durst explained that "I just guess at the time it was taboo for a guy like me to be associated with a gal like her " In 2013, Durst later made another derogatory reference aimed at Spears on Limp Bizkit's song Ready to Go 

Taproot & System of a Down
Taproot had been an up-and-coming band from Ann Arbor, Michigan  In 1998 the band sent their demo to Durst who quickly befriended them, often invited them to various press releases in Los Angeles and occasionally bringing them to Limp Bizkit's concerts throughout the region  During this time; Taproot were simultaneously receiving attention from other labels; notably being Arista Records and Atlantic Records  Durst was impressed with the band's material and had initially lined up Taproot to land a record contract through Interscope; however, executives from Interscope proved to be difficult to negotiate with as they wanted the rights to the 3 songs recorded by the band through their demo deal  The band eventually rejected the offer from Interscope and sought to sign with Atlantic Records through their new found friendship with System of a Down  Durst was enraged to eventually discover Taproot had defected to Atlantic, leading him to leave a threatening message on frontman Stephen Richards' mother's answering machine  Durst was later alleged to have personally removed System of a Down from the 1999 Family Values Tour as a retaliatory action, claiming he loved System of a Down but their manager "was a piece of shit who got them kicked off the tour" 

Creed
In June 2000, Limp Bizkit performed at the WXRK Dysfunctional Family Picnic, but showed up an hour late for their set  An Interscope spokesman stated that there was confusion over the band's set time  During the band's performance, Durst criticized Creed singer Scott Stapp, calling him "an egomaniac"  Creed's representatives later presented Durst with an autographed anger management manual during an appearance on Total Request Live 

Placebo
A feud between Limp Bizkit and Placebo began at a show Durst was hosting at Irving Plaza in December 1998  A side stage spat with Placebo singer Brian Molko led to Durst asking the crowd to chant "Placebo sucks!" prior to Placebo's performance  Molko later commented that nobody had told him that Durst would be hosting the show and that Placebo would have to follow opening act Kid Rock  Prior to introducing Staind as a part of K-Rock's Dysfunctional Family Picnic in Holmdel, New Jersey in 1999, Durst once again encouraged the crowd to chant "Fuck Placebo"  The feud was reignited during Big Day Out 2001, on which Placebo were billed below Limp Bizkit  By 2004, the feud had supposedly ended 

Shaggy 2 Dope
On October 6, 2018, Shaggy 2 Dope from hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse attempted to dropkick Durst during a performance of the song "Faith"  DJ Lethal from Limp Bizkit responded on Instagram Live, calling Shaggy a "clout chaser"  According to 2 Dope, who is a pro wrestler with years of experience, he did not intend to cause Durst any harm and the motive for the kick stemmed from a dare he had with a security guard that let him on the stage after Durst announced "I need some people on stage "On February 4, 2022, Shaggy 2 Dope apologized to Durst on Steve-O's Wild Ride podcast for attacking him 4 years back  Durst responded on social media with "No hard feelings at all" 

Trent Reznor & Marilyn Manson
Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails was noted by Durst as an influence during several interviews  Displeased  by Durst's statements; Reznor repeatedly attacked Durst and Limp Bizkit to several interviews in response  In a profile for Kerrang!, Reznor mocked Durst saying "It's one thing if you know your place; like, 'Hey, I'm an idiot who plays shitty music but people buy it – fuck it, I'm having fun  But it's another thing when you think you're David Bowie after you've stayed up all night to write a song called 'Break Stuff'  I mean, Fred Durst probably spelt the word 'break' wrong the first couple of times  Fred Durst might be a cool guy; I don't know him  But his 'art' – in the word's loosest sense – sucks " Durst in turn made several references to Nine Inch Nails in the Limp Bizkit song "Hot Dog", leading to Reznor earning a co-writer credit  Reznor said there was no issue, jokingly stating that "When his record was going to print, [Durst] realised 'Fuck, I'd better ask permission first or I might get sued!' I let him do it – I wasn't gonna hold his record up " In 1999, Marilyn Manson insulted Limp Bizkit and their fans, calling them "illiterate apes that beat your ass in high school for being a 'fag' and now sell you tuneless testosterone anthems of misogyny and pretend to be outsiders   " Reznor and Manson once again took aim at Durst and Limp Bizkit during a 2000 interview when Manson was asked about his opinion of Nine Inch Nails' recent video for the single Starfuckers, Inc  in which the two take aim at multiple artists ranging from Billy Corgan, Michael Stipe, and notably Durst  Manson later exclaimed: "With this video, we didn't wanna seem bitching like about somehow that Limp Bizkit's doing better than we are, in their mind " Reznor later exclaimed; "I don't have to say Limp Bizkit sucks, you know it, I know it, I shouldn't have to say it" Durst responded to Manson and Reznor's insults: "I understand that Marilyn Manson is very unhappy that his career has gone in a shambles and he's alienated his fans so if he has to say things like that because he's very mad at himself, I would forgive him  And Trent Reznor's in the fucking same boat  Trent Reznor is obviously unhappy with how he's alienated the world, how long he took to make a record, and how he thought he was immortal  We're just here doing what we do and we have nothing to say about anybody  I wish them both luck and I feel sorry that they're so jealous and mad at themselves that they have to talk shit "Durst's relationship with Manson had reportedly grown cordial as the two appeared on the cover of a Rolling Stone magazine issue in June of 2003 alongside James Hetfield and Ozzy Osbourne Despite this, Limp Bizkit guitarist Wes Borland would join Manson's touring band in 2008  During a show in Seoul, South Korea on August 15, 2008; Manson would introduce Borland onstage and attacked Limp Bizkit, claiming to the crowd "Here's our new guitarist, he used to play for a really bad band…"  Borland would depart Manson's touring band after less than nine months 
In the wake of multiple allegations of sexual abuse and assault accusations against Manson, Borland would later attack Manson in several interviews in 2021, denouncing him as a "Bad fucking dude"  Reznor in response supported Borland's claims against Manson's misconduct while he also attacked Manson for the abuse allegations during an interview with Ultimate Guitar 

Puddle of Mudd
Due to the notoriety surrounding Puddle of Mudd receiving a record deal through Durst in 2000, the band was often asked in regards to their relationship with him  Wes Scantlin criticized Durst in an interview in 2004 with Canada's Chart magazine: "He doesn't write our songs, he doesn't produce our songs, he doesn't do anything for us  He doesn't do our videos anymore  He doesn't do anything for this band  I don't know what he's doing, I don't know what the guy's like  All I know is that he's like Mr Hollywood guy, Mr Celebrity  Like, 'I don't hang out with anybody except Hollywood celebrities'  Every single fucking interview I've ever fucking done, I get asked about that fucking guy    And for me to do interviews all the time and be asked about this certain individual    People think he writes music with me or something  He does not do that  I just don't get it  We have nothing in common  He doesn't even call us, he has his assistant call us to congratulate us on our record  Yeah, that's how pathetic he is "
On April 22, 2008, in an interview with Artisan News Service, Wes Scantlin retracted his previous criticism of Fred Durst: "Fred got our foot in the door and helped us out tremendously  I think nowadays he's doing a lot of directing and we don't really speak to him too much but we appreciate everything he's ever done for our careers "

Discography
Limp Bizkit
Three Dollar Bill, Y'all$ (1997)
Significant Other (1999)
Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water (2000)
Results May Vary (2003)
The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) (2005)
Gold Cobra (2011)
Still Sucks (2021)

Singles
Filmography
Awards and nominations



ground_truth: Jessi Colter