prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the spouse of the performer of song Et Moi, Et Moi, Et Moi?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Toi et moi (Charles Aznavour song)
"Toi et Moi" (English translation: You and Me) is a song written in 1994 by Charles Aznavour, Jean-Pierre Bourtayre, and Jacques Revaux  It was originally released on Aznavour's highly successful 1994 CD, aptly titled Toi et Moi  In 1995, the English version titled You and Me, as well as the Spanish version Tú y Yo were released  In 2018 Charles Aznavour sang new version duo with russian singer Polina Gagarina 
Passage 2:
L'enfer et moi
France participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "L'enfer et moi" written by Boris Bergman and David Salkin  The song was performed by Amandine Bourgeois  The French broadcaster France Télévisions in collaboration with the television channel France 3 internally selected the French entry for the 2013 contest in Malmö, Sweden  "L'enfer et moi" was officially announced by France 3 as the French entry on 22 January 2013 and later the song was presented to the public as the contest entry on 13 March 2013 
As a member of the "Big Five", France automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest  Performing as the opening entry during the show in position 1, France placed twenty-third out of the 26 participating countries with 14 points 

Background
Prior to the 2013 Contest, France had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-five times since its debut as one of seven countries to take part in 1956  France first won the contest in 1958 with "Dors, mon amour" performed by André Claveau  In the 1960s, they won three times, with "Tom Pillibi" performed by Jacqueline Boyer in 1960, "Un premier amour" performed by Isabelle Aubret in 1962 and "Un jour, un enfant" performed by Frida Boccara, who won in 1969 in a four-way tie with the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom  France's fifth victory came in 1977, when Marie Myriam won with the song "L'oiseau et l'enfant"  France have also finished second four times, with Paule Desjardins in 1957, Catherine Ferry in 1976, Joëlle Ursull in 1990 and Amina in 1991, who lost out to Sweden's Carola in a tie-break  In the 21st century, France has had less success, only making the top ten three times, with Natasha St-Pier finishing fourth in 2001, Sandrine François finishing fifth in 2002 and Patricia Kaas finishing eighth in 2009  In 2012, the nation finished in twenty-second place with the song "Echo (You and I)" performed by Anggun 
The French national broadcaster, France Télévisions, broadcasts the event within France and delegates the selection of the nation's entry to the television channel France 3  France 3 confirmed that France would participate in the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest on 6 November 2012  The French broadcaster had used both national finals and internal selection to choose the French entry in the past  From 2008 to 2012, the broadcaster opted to internally select the French entry, a procedure that was continued in order to select the 2013 entry 

Before Eurovision
Internal selection
France 3 announced in late 2012 that the French entry for the 2013 Eurovision Song Contest would be selected internally  The organisation of the internal selection was headed by the newly appointed French Head of Delegation for the Eurovision Song Contest Frédéric Valencak  The French broadcaster requested proposals from record companies, music publishers, artist managers and artists themselves and shortlisted 18 entries from the received submissions to advance to the next stage, which involved a fourteen-member selection committee consisting of representatives of France Télévisions and music industry professionals  The selection committee consisted of:

On 22 January 2013, France 3 announced that the French entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 would be "L'enfer et moi" performed by Amandine Bourgeois  The song was written by Boris Bergman and David Salkin  The selection committee considered five entries following a blind audio listening before finalising their decision internally in early 2013  The entry was released on 13 March 2013 via the streaming service Spotify, and was formally presented to the public on 14 March 2013 during the France 5 programme C à vous, hosted by Alessandra Sublet 

At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final  As a member of the "Big 5", France automatically qualified to compete in the final on 18 May 2013  In addition to their participation in the final, France is also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals  During the semi-final allocation draw on 17 January 2013, France was assigned to broadcast and vote in the second semi-final on 16 May 2013 In France, the two semi-finals was broadcast on France Ô with commentary by Audrey Chauveau and Bruno Berberes, while the final was broadcast on France 3 with commentary by Cyril Féraud and Mireille Dumas  The French spokesperson, who announced the French votes during the final, was Marine Vignes 

Final
Amandine Bourgeois took part in technical rehearsals on 12 and 15 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 17 and 18 May  This included the jury final on 17 May where the professional juries of each country watched and voted on the competing entries  After technical rehearsals were held on 15 May, the "Big 5" countries and host nation Denmark held a press conference  As part of this press conference, the artists took part in a draw to determine which half of the grand final they would subsequently participate in  France was drawn to compete in the first half  Following the conclusion of the second semi-final, the shows' producers decided upon the running order of the final  The running order for the semi-finals and final was decided by the shows' producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other  France was subsequently placed to open the show and perform in position 1, before the entry from Lithuania The French performance featured Amandine Bourgeois on stage wearing a grey dress and black high heels designed by French designer Jean-Claude Jitrois and performing the song at a microphone stand  The stage colours were predominately red with red, yellow and orange lighting and the stage projections displayed flames and steam on a black background  About the performance and song, France 3 entertainment director Marie Claire Mezerette stated: "In this case simplicity is the key  It is a simple, but still powerful rock love song  We don't need to make it complicated  She wants to express how angry she is with what happened in that love story, Amandine is singing about " Amandine Bourgeois was joined on stage by three backing vocalists: Fanny Llado, Guillaume Eyango and Judith Flessel-Toto  France placed twenty-third in the final, scoring 23 points 

Voting
Voting during the three shows consisted of 50 percent public televoting and 50 percent from a jury deliberation  The jury consisted of five music industry professionals who were citizens of the country they represent, with their names published before the contest to ensure transparency  This jury was asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act  In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently  The individual rankings of each jury member were released shortly after the grand final 
Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that France had placed twenty-fifth with the public televote and twelfth with the jury vote  In the public vote, France received an average rank of 21 68 and in the jury vote the nation received an average rank of 10 95 
Below is a breakdown of points awarded to France and awarded by France in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest, and the breakdown of the jury voting and televoting conducted during the two shows:

Points awarded to France
Points awarded by France
Passage 3:
Et moi, et moi, et moi
"Et moi, et moi, et moi" is the debut single by French singer-songwriter Jacques Dutronc, released in 1966  It is featured on his self-titled debut album 

Composition
The record came about as the result of rivalry between the two artistic directors at Disques Vogue, Christian Fechner and Jacques Wolfsohn  According to legend, Wolfsohn, who had previously promoted Françoise Hardy, used to amuse himself by taking pot-shots at Fechner's Revox tape-machine with a rifle from his office window  Wolfsohn wanted to better Fechner's success with the hippy-influenced singer-songwriter Antoine  He asked Jacques Dutronc, at that time his assistant and a songwriter at Vogue, and the novelist Jacques Lanzmann to work on songs for a rival act, a singer called Benjamin  Benjamin released an EP in 1966, featuring songs written with Dutronc and a Lanzmann-Dutronc composition, "Cheveux longs" (Long Hair)  However, Wolfsohn was disappointed by Benjamin's recording of "Et moi, et moi, moi"  A second version was recorded, with Dutronc's former bandmate Hadi Kalafate on vocals  Wolfsohn then asked Dutronc if he would be interested in recording his own version The words to "Et moi, et moi et moi" have been described as sending up the socially conscious but "self-involved" lyrical style of Antoine, with Lanzmann and Dutronc perhaps suggesting doubt as to its sincerity  In the song, Dutronc alternates between thinking about people in different places around the world and thinking about himself  The opening of the song is Sept cent millions de chinois/Et moi, et moi, et moi ("Seven hundred million Chinese people/And then there's me")  According to Lanzmann, the song is "about complete selfishness   all the terrible things that go on a stone's-throw away, that touch us but that, nevertheless, do not prevent us from continuing to live and enjoy the evening's barbecue"  Musically, the song's fuzzy, choppy guitar line bears the influence of the Pretty Things and the Kinks 

Release and promotion
"Et moi, et moi, et moi" was released as the lead track on a four-track EP (EPL  8461) by Vogue in France in August 1966  In the UK and The Netherlands, it was released as a 2-track 7" single, with "Mini, mini, mini" as the b-side  In Germany, "Mini, mini, mini" was released as an a-side, backed with "Et moi, et moi, et moi"  For the Italian market, an Italian-language version titled "Il Mundo Va Cosi" was recorded  A version in Japanese was also attempted but was not released Dutronc performed "Et moi, et moi, et moi" on the French television show Le palmarès des chansons, broadcast on Channel One by the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française on 29 September 1966  He also toured to promote the single 

Reception
"Et moi, et moi, et moi" reached number 2 in the French singles chart in September 1966 and number 7 in the Swiss chart the following month  It also gained popularity on the British mod scene where, despite the language barrier, it was appreciated as satirising the folk revival movement Cultural historian Larry Portis describes the arrival of Dutronc on the French music scene, along with that of Michel Polnareff at around the same time, as representing "the first French rock music that can be considered a musically competent and non-imitative incorporation of African-American and African-American-British influences"  For Portis, Dutronc marks a break with the literary tradition of French chanson in his creative use of the sounds, rather than just the syntax, of the language "Et moi, et moi, et moi" is featured in the coffee table book 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die, published in 2010  In 2011, it was included in a series of 41 articles on songs that "define France", published in Le Figaro 

Cover versions
The British band Mungo Jerry reached number 3 in the UK singles chart in 1973 with an English-language reinterpretation of "Et moi, et moi, et moi" titled "Alright, Alright, Alright"  This version is credited to Lanzmann, Dutronc and Joe Strange  It features on Mungo Jerry's 1974 album Long Legged Woman Dressed In Black 
The original version of the song was covered in 1988 by the Spanish synth-pop artist Captain B Hardt  A recording of the song also appears on the 1989 compilation I Can't Come by punk band the Snivelling Shits  Yo La Tengo bassist James McNew, under his solo moniker Dump, released a cover of the song on his 1997 album A Plea for Tenderness  In 2002, Bruno Blum included a parody of the song, titled "Et moi, et moi etc", on his album Think Différent (sic)  In July 2013, the French singer-songwriter -M- performed a version of "Et moi, et moi, et moi" for the website of Le Figaro Israeli singer-songwriter Ariel Zilber recorded a Hebrew version of the song, entitled Milyard Sinim ("One Billion Chinese") in 1988  Translated by Yehonatan Gefen, the Hebrew text is a fairly accurate reflection of the French, and the chorus is exact  Loosely retranslated into English: "One billion Chinese are alive / And me, who am I, what am I? / With my private life / And my tooth that's been loose for four days / I think about it and then I forget / Because that's how life is" ("J'y pense et puis j'oublie / C'est la vie c'est la vie") 

Track listing
Words by Jacques Lanzmann and music by Jacques Dutronc 

Side A
"Et moi, et moi, et moi" – 2:52
"J'ai mis un tigre dans ma guitare" – 2:21

Side B
"Mini, mini, mini" – 1:54
"Les gens sont fous, les temps sont flous" – 3:03

Personnel
Jacques Dutronc : voice, guitar, percussion
Hadi Kalafate : bass, percussion
Alain Le Govic (alias Alain Chamfort) : piano, organ
Jean-Pierre Alarcen : guitar
Jacques Pasut : rhythm guitar
Michel Pelay : drums
Passage 4:
Juan Carlos Lecompte
Juan Carlos Lecompte Pérez is a Colombian author who was married to Ingrid Betancourt, a politician kidnapped by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)  After her public release in Operation Jaque they divorced  In January 2010 he published a book about their break-up, it is called "Ingrid et moi" 
Passage 5:
L'Amour et moi
"L'Amour et moi" is Jenifer Bartoli's second single from her fifth album L'Amour et moi on which it is the fifth track  It was released on September 29, 2012 in Francophone countries and achieved success in France and Belgium (Wallonia) 

Charts
Passage 6:
Jacques Dutronc
Jacques Dutronc (born 28 April 1943) is a French singer, songwriter, guitarist, composer, and actor  Some of Dutronc's best-known hits include "Il est cinq heures, Paris s'éveille" (which AllMusic has called "his finest hour"), "Le Responsable", and "Les Cactus" 
Dutronc played guitar in the rock group El Toro et les Cyclones  He wrote successful songs for singer Françoise Hardy in the 1960s before moving on to pursue a successful solo career  His music incorporated traditional French pop and French rock as well as styles such as psychedelic and garage rock  He was also very important in the Yéyé music movement and has been a longtime songwriting collaborator with Jacques Lanzmann  According to AllMusic, Dutronc is "one of the most popular performers in the French-speaking world", although he "remains little known in English speaking territories" aside from a cult following in the UK He later branched out into film acting, starting in 1973  He earned a César Award for Best Actor for the leading role in Van Gogh, which was directed by Maurice Pialat  He married Hardy in 1981 and together they have a son, guitarist Thomas Dutronc (born 1973); the couple separated in 1988 

Early life
Jacques Dutronc was born on 28 April 1943 at 67 Rue de Provence in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, the home of his parents, Pierre and Madeleine  His father was a manager for the state-run Office of Coal Distribution  Jacques was educated at Rocroy-Saint-Léon elementary school (now a Lycée), the École de la Rue Blanche (now a drama school) and then at the École Professionnelle de Dessin Industriel, where he studied graphic design from 1959 

Career
1960s
In 1960, Dutronc formed a band with himself as guitarist, schoolfriend Hadi Kalafate as bassist, Charlot Bénaroch as drummer (later replaced with André Crudot) and Daniel Dray as singer  They auditioned in 1961 for Jacques Wolfsohn, an artistic director at Disques Vogue, who signed them and gave them the name El Toro et les Cyclones  The group released two singles, "L'Oncle John" and "Le Vagabond", but disbanded when Dutronc was obliged to undertake military service After being discharged from the army in 1963, Dutronc briefly played guitar in Eddy Mitchell's backing band and was also given a job at Vogue as Jacques Wolfsohn's assistant  In this capacity, he co-wrote songs for artists such as ZouZou, Cléo and Françoise Hardy 
Wolfsohn asked Dutronc to work with Jacques Lanzmann, a novelist and editor of Lui magazine, to create songs for a beatnik singer called Benjamin  Benjamin released an EP in 1966, featuring songs written with Dutronc and a Lanzmann-Dutronc composition, "Cheveux longs" (Long Hair)  However, Wolfsohn was disappointed by Benjamin's recording of a song titled "Et moi, et moi, et moi"  A second version was recorded, with Dutronc's former bandmate Hadi Kalafate on vocals  Wolfsohn then asked Dutronc if he would be interested in recording his own version  The single reached number 2 in the French charts in September 1966 Cultural historian Larry Portis describes the arrival of Dutronc on the French music scene, along with that of Michel Polnareff at around the same time, as representing "the first French rock music that can be considered a musically competent and non-imitative incorporation of African-American and African-American-British influences"  For Portis, Dutronc marks a break with the literary tradition of French chanson in his creative use of the sounds, rather than just the syntax, of the language Dutronc's self-titled debut album, released at the end of 1966, sold over a million copies and was awarded a special Grand Prix du Disque by the Académie Charles Cros, in memoriam of one of its founders  A second single, "Les play boys", spent six weeks at number one and sold 600,000 copies Dutronc was one of the most commercially successful French music stars of the late 1960s and early 1970s  During that period, he released seven hit albums and more than 20 singles, including two further number ones: "J'aime les filles" in 1967 and "Il est cinq heures, Paris s'éveille" in 1968 According to music critic Mark Deming: "Dutronc's early hits were rough but clever exercises in European garage rock   like Dutronc's role models Bob Dylan and Ray Davies, he could write melodies strong enough to work even without their excellent lyrics, and his band had more than enough energy to make them fly (and the imagination to move with the musical times as psychedelia and hard rock entered the picture at the end of the decade)" 

1970s
Most of Dutronc's songs up to 1975 were written with Jacques Lanzmann, with only two written solely by Dutronc  Lanzmann's wife Anne Ségalen is also credited on some songs  Dutronc wrote three songs with comic-book writer Fred, whose stories he also narrated for commercial release in 1970  Two songs were written in 1971 by Lanzmann, Franck Harvel and the composer Jean-Pierre Bourtayre, for a TV adaptation of Arsène Lupin  Co-writing credits on Dutronc's self-titled 1975 album are split between Lanzmann, Serge Gainsbourg and Jean-Loup Dabadie 
In 1973, "Et moi, et moi, et moi" was adapted with English lyrics as "Alright Alright Alright" and became a UK No  3 hit for the group Mungo Jerry 
Also in 1973, Dutronc began a second career as an actor in the film Antoine et Sébastien, directed by Jean-Marie Périer  Dutronc's second film, That Most Important Thing: Love, directed by Andrzej Zulawski, was a major box-office hit in France  In the following years, Dutronc devoted most of his energies toward his acting career, appearing in films directed by Jean-Luc Godard, Claude Lelouch and Maurice Pialat  In 1977, he was nominated for the César Award for best supporting actor, for his role in Claude Sautet's Mado  Steven Spielberg reportedly considered Dutronc to be the best French actor of his generation, and had the role of René Belloq in Raiders of the Lost Ark written with him in mind  Dutronc was not given the role, however, because it transpired that his English was not adequate 

1980s
In 1980, Dutronc began work on a new album under the direction of Jacques Wolfsohn, now an executive at Gaumont Musique  Wolfsohn proposed that Dutronc write with both Jacques Lanzmann and Serge Gainsbourg  During recording, Wolfsohn proposed to Lanzmann and Gainsbourg that they each work on alternative lyrics to go with one of Dutronc's instrumental demos  Lanzmann objected to being placed in competition against another writer, and dropped out of the project  The resulting album, Guerre et pets ("War and Farts" - a play on the title of Tolstoy's novel), consequently only includes two Lanzmann-Dutronc compositions, and is mainly written by Dutronc and Gainsbourg  The album's lead single, "L'hymne à l'amour", received little airplay because its lyric consists primarily of racial epithets (the opening line, roughly translated, is "gook, wog, towel-head, yid"), and the album was only a moderate commercial success  The follow-up, 1982's C'est pas du bronze, was written with Anne Ségalen, by now divorced from Jacques Lanzmann, and was released to a frosty critical reception Dutronc's acting career continued during the 1980s, and he appeared in films such as Malevil and Barbet Schroeder's Tricheurs  In 1987, he released a further album, C Q F Dutronc  Most of the songs were written by Dutronc without a partner, although he collaborated with Etienne Daho on one track and with Jean-François Bernardini of the Corsican folk group I Muvrini on another 

1990s
In 1992, Dutronc was awarded the César for Best Actor for the title role in Maurice Pialat's biopic Van Gogh  Critic Christopher Null commented that Dutronc "manages to embody the obvious manic depression from Van Gogh's later years, all exuding from his scraggly face, sunken eyes, and bony frame    the searing Dutronc is the real reason to sit through the film" In November 1992, Dutronc played three comeback concerts at the Casino de Paris, highlights from which were released as a film, directed by Jean-Marie Périer and as a live album, Dutronc au Casino  At around this time, Dutronc began work on a new studio album, Brèves rencontres, but work progressed slowly and it was not released until 1995 During the 1990s, Dutronc appeared in two films by Patrick Grandperret and was nominated for a César Award for best supporting actor in 1999, for his role in Nicole Garcia's Place Vendôme 

21st century
Dutronc starred in Claude Chabrol's 2000 film Merci pour le chocolat  He was awarded the Best Actor prize at the 2001 Marrakech International Film Festival and was nominated for the César Award for best actor for his role in Jean-Pierre Améris' C'est la vie  In 2002, he starred in Michel Blanc's Summer Things 
In 2003, Dutronc reunited with Jacques Lanzmann for Madame l'existence, an album described by rock critic Christophe Conte as "surpassing, without much apparent effort, everything that [Dutronc] has created in the last two decades" In 2005, Dutronc was awarded an Honorary César  Since then, he has appeared in films by directors including Gabriel Aghion and Alain Corneau 
In 2010, Dutronc toured for the first time in 17 years, and released recordings from the tour as a live album and DVD, Et vous, et vous, et vous Dutronc's 41st film, Les Francis, was released in 2014 In November 2014, Dutronc performed a series of concerts with Eddy Mitchell and Johnny Hallyday at Paris Bercy, under the name "Les vieilles canailles" ("The Old Gits")  It was reported that, following these performances, Dutronc intended to begin recording a new album with his son Thomas 
Said album, Dutronc and Dutronc, was released November 4th 2022 and features 13 songs originally released by Jacques Dutronc during his early career  Father and son rearranged the songs and both sing on the album 

Reputation and influence
According to a 1979 editorial in the French magazine Rock & Folk, Dutronc is "the one singer who is so closely identified with the 1960s that it has become impossible to talk about them without talking about him"  In 1991, "Il est cinq heures, Paris s'éveille" was voted the best French-language single of all time in a poll of music critics organised by Le Nouvel Observateur for a TV special broadcast on Antenne 2, beating Jacques Brel's "Ne me quitte pas" into second place Dutronc's songs have been covered by Matthieu Chedid, Vanessa Paradis, Mungo Jerry, Etienne Daho, Sylvie Vartan, Miles Kane, the Divine Comedy, Serge Gainsbourg, Black Lips, Zine, the Last Shadow Puppets among others  Dutronc is also mentioned in the lyrics of the Cornershop song "Brimful of Asha" In 2015, a tribute album was released by Columbia Records with various artists interpreting songs by Jacques Dutronc  The 13-track album titled Joyeux anniversaire M'sieur Dutronc contained performances by artists Julien Doré, Gaëtan Roussel, Zaz, Joeystarr, Nathy (Tüxo), BAGARRE, Thomas Dutronc, Annie Cordy, the duo Brigitte, Miossec, Francis Cabrel, Francine Massiani, Tété and Camélia Jordana in addition to "L'opportuniste" sung by Jacques Dutronc with Nicola Sirkis  The album charted in France and Belgium 

Personal life
Dutronc began a relationship with Vogue label-mate Françoise Hardy in 1967  In 1973, they had a son, Thomas, who grew up to become a successful jazz and pop musician  In 1981, they were married, "for tax reasons", according to Hardy  In 1998, Jacques began a relationship with a stylist whom he had met on the set of the film Place Vendôme  Dutronc and Hardy are now separated, but remain married and see each other regularly He currently lives near the town of Monticello, Corsica In 2015, Dutronc revealed he had a brief relationship with Romy Schneider that lasted as long as they were shooting the film That Most Important Thing: Love 

Discography
Studio albums
Other notable singles
Live albums
Selected filmography
See also
French pop
French rock
Yé-yé
Jacques Lanzmann

Bibliography
Michel Leydier (2010)  Jacques Dutronc: La Bio  Paris: Seuil  ISBN 978-2-02-101287-3
Passage 7:
Sébastien Schuller
Sébastien Schuller (born 26 August 1970) is a French singer, songwriter and film score composer living in Philadelphia  His film scores include Toi et Moi , Notre univers impitoyable, Un Jour d'Été, One O One, High Society,The Night Eats the World  

Discography
1999: Londres (EP, Warner Music France)
2002: Weeping Willow (EP, EMI Music France/Capitol Records)
2005: Happiness (LP, Catalogue Records/Wagram Music)
2005: Harmony (EP, Catalogue Records/Wagram Music)
2009: Evenfall (LP, PIAS France)
2014: Heat Wave (LP, self-produced)
2023: Introspection (LP, self-produced)

External links
Official website 
Sébastien Schuller at IMDb
Sébastien Schuller discography at MusicBrainz
Sébastien Schuller discography at Discogs
Passage 8:
Alexis Martin (actor)
Alexis Martin (born June 9, 1964, in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian actor and writer  A 1986 graduate of the Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Montréal, he has acted in film, television and stage productions, and has written both theatrical plays and film screenplays He was a Genie Award nominee for Best Supporting Actor at the 31st Genie Awards in 2010 for Route 132, and for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 20th Genie Awards in 1999 for Matroni et moi  His play Bureaux was shortlisted for the Governor General's Award for French-language drama at the 2004 Governor General's Awards 

Filmography
Film
Cordélia - 1980
The Party (Le Party) - 1990
Cosmos - 1996
Karmina - 1996
The Revenge of the Woman in Black (La vengeance de la femme en noir) - 1997
Nô - 1998
August 32nd on Earth (Un 32 août sur terre) - 1998
Matroni and Me (Matroni et moi) - 1999
Les Boys III - 2001
The Collector (Le Collectionneur) - 2002
CQ2 (Seek You Too) - 2004
Audition (L'Audition) - 2005
Saint Martyrs of the Damned (Saints-Martyrs-des-Damnés) - 2005
A Sunday in Kigali (Un dimanche à Kigali) - 2006
Bluff - 2007
Le Banquet - 2008
Babine - 2008
Route 132 - 2010
Before My Heart Falls (Avant que mon cœur bascule) - 2012
My Internship in Canada (Guibord s'en va-t-en guerre) - 2015
Bad Seeds (Les mauvaises herbes) - 2016
9 (9, le film) - 2016
Hochelaga, Land of Souls (Hochelaga, Terre des âmes) - 2017
We Are Gold (Nous sommes Gold) - 2019
There Are No False Undertakings (Il n'y a pas de faux métier) - 2020

Television
L'Amour avec un Grand A
Radio Enfer
Sous le signe du lion
Fortier
Trauma
Les Parent

Plays
Oreille, tigre et bruit
Matroni et moi
L'An de Grâce
Bureaux
L'Apprentissage des marais
Révolutions
Passage 9:
Mary Christy
Marie Ruggeri (born Maria Christina Ruggeri, 21 July 1952 in Déifferdeng), professionally known as Mary Christy, frequently credited as Mary Cristy, is a Luxembourgish singer and actress 
Ruggeri grew up in Mamer, where her father worked as an entrepreneur  In the 1960s she was a child singer in Luxembourg and Germany where she appeared under the pseudonyms Marie Tina and Marie Christina 
In the early 1970s, she moved to Paris where she performed under the name Mary Christy, and participated in the rock opera La Révolution Française by Schönberg at the Palais des Sports in Paris 
She is best known for representing Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest 1976 with the song "Toi, la musique et moi"  Her entry ranked 3rd out of 18 participants, receiving 93 points, including maximum 12 points from her native Luxembourg 
Passage 10:
Gertrude of Bavaria
Gertrude of Bavaria (Danish and German: Gertrud; 1152/55–1197) was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI 
Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähringen in either 1152 or 1155  She was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia, in 1166, and became a widow in 1167  In 1171 she was engaged and in February 1177 married to Canute of Denmark in Lund  The couple lived the first years in Skåne  On 12 May 1182, they became king and queen  She did not have any children  During her second marriage, she chose to live in chastity and celibacy with her husband  Arnold of Lübeck remarked of their marriage, that her spouse was: "The most chaste one, living thus his days with his chaste spouse" in eternal chastity 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Autohead
Autohead is a 2016 film directed by Rohit Mittal 

Cast
Passage 2:
Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams
Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams is a 2002 American spy action comedy film written, shot, edited and directed by Robert Rodriguez  Rodriguez also produced with Elizabeth Avellán  It stars Antonio Banderas, Carla Gugino, Alexa Vega, Daryl Sabara, Mike Judge, Ricardo Montalbán, Holland Taylor, Christopher McDonald, and Steve Buscemi 
The second installment in the Spy Kids film series, which began with 2001's Spy Kids, the film premiered at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on July 28, 2002  Dimension Films theatrically released the film on August 7  Upon release, Spy Kids 2 received mostly positive reviews from critics and grossed over $119 million worldwide 

Plot
The OSS now has a full child spy section, of which Carmen Cortez and Juni Cortez are now Level 2 agents  Although they are the first of the new Spy Kids Division, they face fierce competition from Gary and Gerti Giggles, the children of Donnagon Giggles (the agent whom Carmen and Juni rescued on their first mission)  Carmen defends Gary, even after the two outperform them on a mission to rescue the president's daughter Alexandra from an out of control theme park ride, straining her relationship with Juni 
At the OSS awards banquet, Donnagon hacks into the president's teleprompter, and is named director of the OSS instead of Gregorio Cortez  In his acceptance speech, Donnagon announces his two children are being promoted from Level 3 to Level 1  However, the adults are rendered unconscious by a group of "Magna Men", who are seeking the "Transmooker", a highly coveted device owned by the president, which can shut off all electronic devices around the world  The Spy Kids hold them off but the Magna Men manage to steal the Transmooker after Gary causes Juni to drop it in a scuffle  Gary blames Juni for the theft, resulting in him being fired from the OSS 
The next morning Carmen hacks into the database, reinstating Juni as an agent and taking the Ukata assignment, a mission originally meant for Gary and Gerti, to recover the stolen Transmooker  Using some hints from their former arch-nemesis, Alexander Minion, they follow the trail to a mysterious island where no electronics work  Meanwhile, Gary and Gerti are rerouted to the Gobi Desert and while trying to pinpoint their position fall into a pit of camel feces, whereupon they swear revenge 
Carmen and Juni manage to reach the island, but realize that none of their gadgets work  After falling into a volcano, the two meet Romero, a scientist and sole human inhabitant of the island who has been attempting to create genetically miniaturized animals to sell to kids as "miniature zoos"  After creating hybrid animals, Romero accidentally poured a growth concoction over them, greatly increasing their size  He also reveals that he created the Transmooker device, as a mean of hiding his island from the outside world, meaning that the stolen Transmooker was a prototype and the real one is on the island somewhere  Romero fears being eaten, so is unwilling to leave his lab, but shows Carmen and Juni the way to the real Transmooker  As both Gregorio and Ingrid are tracking where Juni and Carmen are, they are joined by Ingrid's parents who want to help them find their children 
Carmen is captured by a Spork, a flying pig, and dropped into its nest with Gerti, who tells her that Gary is genuinely evil  Her feelings for Gary change after he and a Slizard he tamed attack Juni and his Spider Monkey  Carmen manages to incapacitate Gary and she and Juni leave to retrieve the Transmooker  Romero, encouraged by Juni, leaves his lab and discovers his creatures are much friendlier than he thought  Carmen and Juni eventually find and recover the Transmooker, eliminating the cloaking around the island, and are surprised when their family joins them  Donnagon then confronts the group, takes the Transmooker and, after a fight with Gregorio tries to destroy the Cortez family with it, but it malfunctions  Gerti reveals she sabotaged it and threatens Donnagon with telling everything to her mother, which he detests  Romero arrives alongside his creatures and destroys the prototype Transmooker as well 
The President and his staff arrive on the island  He and his daughter fire Donnagon; Gary is temporarily disavowed, and Alexandra appoints Gregorio as director of the OSS on her father's behalf  Even though offered a promotion to Level 1, Juni resigns due to the impersonal treatment he had received by the OSS after being framed  As the Cortez family leaves the island, Romero gives Juni a miniature spider-monkey as a gift, and the island's inhabitants bid farewell to the Cortez family 
During the credits, Isador "Machete" Cortez hosts a concert featuring Carmen (with a microphone which helps her sing, and a belt that helps her dance), and Juni (with a guitar that plays itself), but realizes too late that he never put any batteries in the devices before they went onstage  When he breaks this news to Carmen and Juni, this shocks them, realizing they have musical talent  Meanwhile, Dinky Winks, the owner of Troublemakers theme park where Juni rescued Alexandra, paddles to Romero's island to offer a business deal 

Cast
Antonio Banderas as Gregorio Cortez, the father of Juni and Carmen who is now called back to the OSS
Carla Gugino as Ingrid Cortez, the mother of Juni and Carmen
Alexa Vega as Carmen Cortez, daughter of Gregorio and Ingrid who is now an OSS member of their spy kid division
Daryl Sabara as Juni Cortez, son of Gregorio and Ingrid and Carmen's brother, also a member of the OSS's spy kid division
Mike Judge as Donnagon Giggles, an OSS agent turned director who was previously rescued by Carmen and Juni, but is now seeking world domination
Ricardo Montalbán as Grandfather Valentin Avellan
Holland Taylor as Grandmother Helga Avellan
Christopher McDonald as the President of the United States
Danny Trejo as Isador "Machete" Cortez, gadget inventor and Juni and Carmen's uncle
Alan Cumming as Fegan Floop, host of Floop's Fooglies
Tony Shalhoub as Alexander Minion, Floop's assistant
Matt O'Leary as Gary Giggles, the son of Donnagon Giggles and a rival OSS agent of Juni and Carmen's love interest
Taylor Momsen as Alexandra, the President's daughter
Emily Osment as Gerti Giggles, daughter of Donnagon Giggles and a rival OSS agent of Carmen
Cheech Marin as Felix Gumm, an OSS agent
Steve Buscemi as RomeroAdditionally, Bill Paxton appears as Dinky Winks, a theme park owner 

Production
Spy Kids 2 was filmed entirely on High Definition digital video  After seeing George Lucas using digital video for Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Rodriguez tested the technology during re shoots for the first Spy Kids film  Rodriguez used the cameras unfiltered 

Filming sites
Arenal Lake, Costa Rica
Austin, Texas, USA
Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA
Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica
San Antonio, Texas, USA
Six Flags Over Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA

Special effects
Despite using over twice the amount of special effects than the first film, Rodriguez did not ask the producers for a larger budget; he said that he wanted to be more creative instead of asking the studio for more money for special effects  Rodriguez picked some visual effects companies who were eager and less established, as well as starting up his own Troublemaker Studios, and reemploying Hybrid, who had worked with him on the first film  Gregor Punchatz, the film's lead animator, employed a certain technique to make the movements of the computer generated creatures resemble the stop-motion work of filmmaker Ray Harryhausen, who has a cameo in the film  The scene with the army of live skeletons was shot on a real rock formation, with the two young actors on safety wires, and the computer generated skeletons added later to over three dozen shots 

Music
The film score was co-written by director Robert Rodriguez and composer John Debney, who had also co-written the score for Spy Kids  The sound is a mix of rock, pop, and indie rock, and includes songs performed by Alan Cumming and Alexa Vega  Unusually, the orchestral score was recorded in the auditorium of a local high school in Austin, Georgetown High School All tracks composed by Debney and Rodriguez, and performed by the Texas Philharmonic Orchestra 

"The Juggler"
"Spy Ballet"
"Magna Men"
"Treehouse"
"R A L P H "
"Floop's Dream" (performed by Alan Cumming)
"Escape from Dragon-spy"
"Spy-parents"
"Island of Lost Dreams"
"Donnagon's Big Office"/"The Giggles"
"Mysterious Volcano Island"
"Romero's Zoo Too"
"Mothership"/"SpyGrandparents"
"Magna Racers"
"Aztec Treasure Room"
"Skeletons"
"Creature Battle"
"Romero's Creatures"/"SpyBeach"
"SpyDad vs  SpyDad"/"Romero's Gift"
"Isle of Dreams" (performed by Alexa Vega)Additional music not on the soundtrack album includes "Oye Como Spy", which is an adaptation of Tito Puente's "Oye Como Va", performed by Los Lobos (the song is on the soundtrack album from the first Spy Kids film) 

Release
Home media
The film was released on VHS and DVD in the United States on February 18, 2003  The film is also available to download on iTunes  A Blu-ray re-release was scheduled for August 2, 2011 to coincide with the fourth film 

Reception
Box office
Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams opened theatrically on August 7, 2002 in 3,307 venues and earned $16,711,716 in its first weekend, ranking third in the North American box office behind XXX and the second weekend of Signs  The film ended its run on January 12, 2003, having grossed $85,846,429 in the United States and Canada, and $33,876,929 overseas for a worldwide total of $119,723,358 

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams has a 75% approval score based on 136 reviews and an average rating of 6 6/10  The site's critical consensus reads: "Though the concept is no longer fresh, Spy Kids 2 is still an agreeable and energetic romp"  Metacritic reports a 66 out of 100 rating based on reviews from 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and commented: "With Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams, the Spy Kids franchise establishes itself as a durable part of the movie landscape: a James Bond series for kids"  Kenneth Turan of the New York Times gave it 4 out of 5 stars said: "The movie is a gaudy, noisy thrill ride -- hyperactive, slightly out of control and full of kinetic, mischievous charm"  Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly wrote: "The antics are a tad more frantic, and the gizmos work overtime, as if     Robert Rodriguez felt the hot breath of el diablo on his neck  On the other hand, the inventiveness is still superior and the network of fiends [sic] and family is extended"  Michael Wilmington of Metro mix Chicago, noting how Rodriguez borrows many elements from television and earlier films, stated that "Rodriguez recycles and refurbishes all these old movie bits with the opportunistic energy of a man looting his old attic toy chest -- but he also puts some personal feeling into the movie  This is a film about families staying together, children asserting themselves and even, to some degree, Latino power" 

Other media
Sequels
It was followed up in 2003 by a third film in the series, Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over, and in 2011 by a fourth film, Spy Kids: All the Time in the World 

Novelization
Talk Miramax Books released a novelization of the film in June/July 2002  The novel was written by children's book author Kiki Thorpe  The posters and end of the credits even say "Read the Talk/Miramax Books", telling the viewers to read the print retelling 
Passage 3:
Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over
Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (also known as Spy Kids 3: Game Over) is a 2003 American spy action comedy film, the sequel to Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams, and the third installment overall in the Spy Kids film series  Written and directed by Robert Rodriguez and co-produced by Elizabeth Avellán, the film stars Antonio Banderas, Carla Gugino, Alexa Vega, Daryl Sabara, Elijah Wood, Ricardo Montalbán, Holland Taylor, Mike Judge, Salma Hayek, Matt O'Leary, Emily Osment, Cheech Marin, Bobby Edner, Courtney Jines, Robert Vito, Ryan Pinkston, Danny Trejo, Alan Cumming, Tony Shalhoub, and Sylvester Stallone  It was released in the United States on July 25, 2003, by Dimension Films  Despite mixed to negative reviews, the film grossed $197 million on a $38 million budget, becoming the highest-grossing film in the series 
Though this was initially intended to be the final installment in the Spy Kids film franchise, it was eventually followed by a fourth film, Spy Kids: All the Time in the World, in 2011 

Plot
Juni Cortez, sometime after the events of the second film, has retired from the OSS and now lives quietly, working as a private detective, though on a minuscule salary  One day, he is contacted by President Devlin, the former head of the OSS, who informs him that his sister, Carmen Cortez, is missing after a mission gone wrong 
Arriving at the technological and computer department of OSS, Juni is reunited with a now reformed Donnagon Giggles and his wife Francesca, who explain that Carmen was captured by the Toymaker, a former OSS informant who was imprisoned in cyberspace but has since created Game Over, a virtual reality-based video game which he intends on using to permanently take control of children's minds  Juni agrees to venture into the game, save Carmen, and shut it down, with only twelve hours to win  He is also informed that his sister was last seen on Level 4 
In the game, Juni finds the challenges difficult, having only nine lives and already losing one at the start  While roaming a cartoon-like medieval village, he finds three beta-testers, Francis, Arnold, and Rez, who provide him with passage to the Moon and launch him into space, but mostly to eliminate the competition 
Juni lands hard on the Moon, consequently losing another life, and receives an opportunity to bring in an ally for assistance  He chooses his grandfather Valentin, who uses a wheelchair and has a personal history with the Toymaker  Valentin receives a power-up which gives him a robotic bodysuit, allowing him to walk and possess superhuman strength and durability  Distracted by a butterfly, he abandons Juni, telling him they will regroup later  Searching for the entrance to Level 2, Juni ventures into a robot battle arena where he fights a girl named Demetra to return to Earth and Level 2  In the fight, he receives a more powerful robotic suit, and is placed on a huge mecha to combat Demetra  In the 3-round fight, in which he loses another life, he defeats her and he is allowed to keep his power suit 
He meets the beta-testers again who believe that he is a character named "The Guy", who can supposedly beat the allegedly "un-winnable" Level 5  Rez is unconvinced and challenges Juni to a "Mega-race" involving a multitude of vehicles, which will allow them onto Level 3  The only apparent rule of this game is "win at any cost"  Juni wins the race with help from Valentin, and Demetra joins them; she and Juni display romantic feelings, with him giving her a med-pack with extra lives and her providing him with an illegal map of the game  Upon entering Level 3, Arnold and Juni are forced to battle, the loser getting an immediate game over  During the fight, Juni loses almost all of his lives, but Demetra swaps places with him and is defeated, seemingly getting a game over, upsetting Juni 
The group arrives at Level 4 where Juni finds Carmen, released by the Toymaker, who leads the group  Carmen notices their grandfather is with them and tells Juni the Toymaker is the reason their grandfather uses a wheelchair  Juni follows a map to a lava-filled gorge and the group surfs their way through it  The OSS finds out about the history between the Toymaker and Valentin  Fearing that Valentin might seek revenge, Donnagon attempts to prevent them from reaching Level 5, but fails  They fall into the lava and discover it is harmless, and they reach a cavern where they find the door to Level 5  Carmen asks how much time is remaining, and Juni informs the group that they only have 5 minutes  After the other gamers start to think that Carmen and Juni are deceivers and Rez threatens to give Juni a game over, the real Guy appears, gives the group a pep talk, zaps the door open and walks in, arrogantly thinking it was easy  However, as part of a booby trap set by the Toymaker, he is struck by lightning which causes him collapse and his life count to rapidly drop from 99 to  5, and after The Guy nervously says "Oops", the life count drops to 0, giving him a permanent Game Over, forcing the group to move on without him 
In the Level 5 zone, a purple cyberspace, Demetra appears, claiming to have re-entered the game via a glitch but Carmen identifies her as "The Deceiver", a program used to mislead players  Demetra confirms this and apologizes to a stunned Juni before the Toymaker attacks them with giant robots  Valentin appears, holding the entrance back to the real world open so the group can escape  Demetra, shedding a tear, quickly holds the door open so he can go with them  Upon return though, it is revealed that Valentin had released the Toymaker with the villain's robot army now attacking the city 
Juni and Carmen summon their family members: parents Gregorio and Ingrid, Gregorio's brother Isador "Machete" Cortez, their grandmother, and Uncle Felix  With too many robots to handle, Juni calls out for everyone to help, summoning Fegan Floop, his assistant Minion, the robot children, Dinky Winks and his son, Romero and a spork, as well as Gary and Gerti Giggles  All of the robots are destroyed except for the Toymaker's  Valentin confronts The Toymaker and forgives him for what he did, which Valentin had been trying to do for 30 years  The Toymaker shuts down his robot and joins the rest of the Cortez family and their friends in celebrating their families 

Cast
Additionally, Salma Hayek appears as Francesca Giggles, Steve Buscemi appears as Romero, Bill Paxton appears as Dinky Winks, George Clooney appears as Devlin, Elijah Wood appears as The Guy, Selena Gomez appears as Waterpark Girl, Glen Powell appears as Long-fingered Boy, and James Paxton appears as Dinky Winks Jr 

Production
Filming
Filming took place from January 10 to April 2003 Green screen was widely used, with about 90% of the film being green screen footage 

Music
The film score was composed by Robert Rodriguez and is the first score for which he takes solo credit  Rodriguez also performs in the "Game Over" band, playing guitar, bass, keyboard and drums, including the title track, "Game Over", performed by Alexa Vega All selections composed by Rodriguez and performed by Texas Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by George Oldziey and Rodriguez 

"Game Over" (vocals by Alexa Vega)
"Thumb Thumbs"
"Pogoland"
"Robot Arena"
"Metal Battle"
"Toymaker"
"Mega Racer"
"Programmerz"
"Bonus Life"
"Cyber Staff Battle"
"Tinker Toys"
"Lava Monster Rock"
"The Real Guy"
"Orbit"
"Welcome to the Game"
"Heart Drive" (performed by Bobby Edner and Alexa Vega)
"Game Over (Level 5 Mix)" (performed by Alexa Vega)
"Isle of Dreams (Cortez Mix)" (performed by Alexa Vega)Tracks 17–18 produced by Dave Curtin for DeepMix 

Release
Home media
The film was released via VHS and DVD on February 24, 2004, by Dimension Home Video  The film's 3-D effect was not removable on the DVD release, but a 2D version (Spy Kids 3: Game Over) was available on a second disc, and on television airings  In April 2011, the film was re-released on DVD, but only in 2D and named Spy Kids 3: Game Over 
The 2D version was released via Blu-ray on August 2, 2011  On December 4, 2012, Lionsgate released the 3D version as a double feature with The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl on Blu-ray 3D 

Reception
Box office
Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over opened theatrically on July 25, 2003, in 3,344 venues, earning $33,417,739 in its first weekend and ranking first at the North American box office  It is the series' highest-grossing opening weekend  The film ended its run on February 5, 2004, having grossed $111,761,982 domestically and $85,250,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $197,011,982, making it the best performing film in the series
Context 3: Passage 1:
Waldrada of Lotharingia
Waldrada was the mistress, and later the wife, of Lothair II of Lotharingia 

Biography
Waldrada's family origin is uncertain  The prolific 19th-century French writer Baron Ernouf suggested that Waldrada was of noble Gallo-Roman descent, sister of Thietgaud, the bishop of Trier, and niece of Gunther, archbishop of Cologne  However, these suggestions are not supported by any evidence, and more recent studies have instead suggested she was of relatively undistinguished social origins, though still from an aristocratic milieu 
The Vita Sancti Deicoli states that Waldrada was related to Eberhard II, Count of Nordgau (included Strasbourg) and the family of Etichonids, though this is a late 10th-century source and so may not be entirely reliable on this question In 855 the Carolingian king Lothar II married Teutberga, a Carolingian aristocrat and the daughter of Bosonid Boso the Elder  The marriage was arranged by Lothar's father Lothar I for political reasons  It is very probable that Waldrada was already Lothar II's mistress at this time Teutberga was allegedly not capable of bearing children and Lothar's reign was chiefly occupied by his efforts to obtain an annulment of their marriage, and his relations with his uncles Charles the Bald and Louis the German were influenced by his desire to obtain their support for this endeavour  Lothair, whose desire for annulment was arguably prompted by his affection for Waldrada, put away Teutberga  However, Hucbert took up arms on his sister's behalf, and after she had submitted successfully to the ordeal of water, Lothair was compelled to restore her in 858  Still pursuing his purpose, he won the support of his brother, Emperor Louis II, by a cession of lands and obtained the consent of the local clergy to the annulment and to his marriage with Waldrada, which took place in 862  However, Pope Nicholas I was suspicious of this and sent legates to investigate at the Council of Metz in 863  The Council found in favour of Lothair's divorce, which led to rumours that the papal legates may have bribed and thus meant that Nicholas order Lothair to take Teutberga back or face excommunication  
With the support of Charles the Bald and Louis the German, Teutberga appealed the annulment to Pope Nicholas  Nicholas refused to recognize the annulment and excommunicated Waldrada in 866, forcing Lothair to abandon Waldrada in favour of Teutberga  Lothair accepted this begrudgingly for a time, but shortly afterward at the end of 867 Pope Nicholas I died  Thus, Lothair began to seek the permission of the newly appointed Pope Adrian II to again put Teutberga aside and marry Waldrada, riding to Rome to speak with him on the matter in 869  However, on his way home, Lothair died 

Children
Waldrada and Lothair II had some sons and probably three daughters, all of whom were declared illegitimate:

Hugh (c  855–895), Duke of Alsace (867–885)
Gisela (c  865–908), who in 883 married Godfrey, the Viking leader ruling in Frisia, who was murdered in 885
Bertha (c  863–925), who married Theobald of Arles (c  854–895), count of Arles, nephew of Teutberga  They had two sons, Hugh of Italy and Boso of Tuscany  After Theobald's death, between 895 and 898 she married Adalbert II of Tuscany (c  875–915) They had at least three children: Guy, who succeeded his father as count and duke of Lucca and margrave of Tuscany, Lambert succeeded his brother in 929, but lost the titles in 931 to his half-brother Boso of Tuscany, and Ermengard 
Ermengarde (d  90?)
Odo (d  c 879)
Passage 2:
Francis I Rákóczi
Francis I Rákóczi (February 24, 1645, Gyulafehérvár, Transylvania – July 8, 1676, Zboró, Royal Hungary) was a Hungarian aristocrat, elected prince of Transylvania and father of Hungarian national hero Francis Rákóczi II Francis Rákóczi was the son of George Rákóczi II, prince of Transylvania, and Sophia Báthory  He was elected prince by the Transylvanian Diet in 1652, during his father's life  However, because of the disastrous Polish campaign of 1657 and its consequences, the Ottoman Empire removed his father from the throne in 1660, and prohibited any Rákóczi to ascend the Transylvanian throne  This left Francis unable to come by his father's legacy; he therefore withdrew to his estates in Royal Hungary 
Notably, the Rákóczi family was Calvinist, and they were staunch supporters of the Reformed Church in Hungary  However, Francis' mother, Sophia Báthory, had converted to Calvinism merely for the sake of her marriage  After her husband's death, she returned to Catholicism and supported the Counter Reformation  Francis Rákóczi also became a Catholic, thus acquiring favour with the Catholic Habsburg Court  His mother converted him to Catholicism  He was made a count in 1664 
In 1666 Francis married Jelena Zrinska (Hungarian: Zrínyi Ilona), a Croatian countess, and joined the Wesselényi conspiracy (Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy in Croatia), one leader of which was Jelena's father, Petar Zrinski (Hungarian: Zrínyi Péter)  Francis soon became the leader of the conspiracy, and, as a culmination of their anti-Habsburg stratagems, started an armed uprising of nobles in Upper Hungary, while the other conspirators were supposed to start the fight in Croatia  Due to poor organization and discord between the conspirators, however, the Austrian authorities were well informed; they quickly suppressed the Croatian branch of the revolt 
When Rákóczi learned that Petar Zrinski had been captured by the Austrians, he laid down his arms and applied for mercy  All other leaders of the conspiracy were executed for high treason; Rákóczi, due to his mother's intervention, and for a ransom of 300,000 forints and several castles, was pardoned 

Issue
Francis I had three  children:

György (1667)
Julianna Borbála (1672–1717), married Count Ferdinand Gobert von Aspremont-Lynden (1643-1708)
Francis Rákóczi II (1676–1735)Francis II was born only three months before his father's death  He led a rebellion against Austrian rule (Rákóczi's War of Independence) and died in exile 
Passage 3:
Mary Fiennes (lady-in-waiting)
Mary Fiennes (1495–1531) was an English courtier  She was the wife of Henry Norris  Norris was executed for treason as one of the alleged lovers of her cousin, Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England  Mary lived for six years at the French court as a Maid of Honour to queens consort Mary Tudor, wife of Louis XII; and Claude of France, wife of Francis I 

Family and early years
Mary was born at Herstmonceux Castle in Sussex in 1495, the only daughter of Thomas Fiennes, 8th Baron Dacre and Anne Bourchier  By both her father and mother she was descended from Edward III  She had two younger brothers, Sir Thomas and John  Her mother was an elder half-sister of Elizabeth Howard and Lord Edmund Howard, making queen consorts Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard a cousin of Mary  Her paternal grandmother, Alice FitzHugh, was sister to Elizabeth FitzHugh, grandmother of Catherine Parr, making her cousin to yet another queen consort of Henry VIII 
In 1514, Mary was appointed a Maid of Honour to Princess Mary Tudor and accompanied her to France when the latter married King Louis XII of France; afterwards she served in the capacity to Queen Mary's successor, Queen Claude, consort of the new king Francis I of France  Among her fellow Maids of Honour were her cousins, Mary (a mistress of Henry VIII) and Anne Boleyn 

Marriage and issue
In 1520 upon her return to England, she married the courtier, Henry Norreys (1491 – 17 May 1536) of Yattendon in Berkshire, whom she had met that same year at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in France 
Norris served King Henry VIII of England as a Gentleman of the Bedchamber, and was held in high favour by the King  He was later appointed Groom of the Stool and continued to enjoy the King's favour  According to biographer Eric Ives, Norris was "perhaps the nearest thing Henry had to a friend " Norris had control of King Henry's Privy chamber 
Henry and Mary had three children:
Edward Norris (died 1529)
Henry Norris, 1st Baron Norreys (c  1525 – 1601), married Margaret Williams of Rycote, by whom he had issue 
Mary Norris, married firstly Sir George Carew, and secondly Sir Arthur Champernowne, by whom she had issue 

Death
Mary died in 1531, a year after her mother  Five years later her husband was attainted and executed for treason as one of the five alleged lovers of her cousin Queen Anne Boleyn, who herself was beheaded at the Tower of London on 19 May 1536



ground_truth: Françoise Hardy

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are The Other Half (2016 Film) and Spy Kids 2: The Island Of Lost Dreams from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Critical response
Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over received mixed reviews from critics  Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 45% approval rating based on 143 reviews, with an average rating of 5 42/10  The website's critical consensus states: "The movie will be found wanting if one is not taken in by the 3-D visuals"  Metacritic reports a 57/100 rating based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale Bob Longino of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution wrote that "the 3-D process will hurt your eyes  The onscreen characters, who also wear 3-D glasses, even say so when it's time to take them off"  However, he also stated that it helped mask what he deemed as an overall lack of a story  Jim Lane of Sacramento News and Review called the 3D scenes "murky and purple like a window smeared with grape jell-o"  Roger Ebert gave the film one and a half stars out of four, suggesting that perhaps Rodriguez was held back by the film's technical constraints  Ebert also admitted to showing disdain for the 3D gimmick, saying that the picture quality with the 3D glasses is more murky and washed out than the crisper and more colorful 2D films  Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle noted Carmen's absence for much of the film and criticized the plot's repeated scenes of Juni attempting over and over again to reach Level Five  Kimberly Jones of the Austin City Chronicle praised the visuals but called the plot twig-thin and stated that the parents' near absence in the story makes Rodriguez's continuing theme of family ties seem much less resonant than in the other films  The reason the characters were in minor roles and cameos was because Rodriguez was filming Once Upon a Time in Mexico while writing the third Spy Kids film For his performance as The Toymaker, Sylvester Stallone earned a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor at John J  B  Wilson's 2003 Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony 

Other media
Sequel
After the release of the film, there were plans of an animated, straight-to-DVD sequel, but it never went past pre-production and was simply an idea The film was eventually followed up in 2011 by a fourth film in the series, Spy Kids: All the Time in the World 

Novelization
Talk Miramax Books released a novelization of the movie in June 2003  The novel was written by children's book author Kitty Richards  The posters and end of the credits even say "Read the Talk/Miramax Books", telling the viewers to read the print retelling 

In popular culture
In "The Never-Ending Stories" episode of the animated TV series American Dad (Season 15, episode 9), CIA agent Stan Smith tells the class he is teaching that he is the only contributor to the Wikipedia article on Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over 
Passage 4:
The North Star (2016 film)
The North Star is a 2016 film about slavery and the underground railroad 

Plot summary
Cast
Jeremiah Trotter as Big Ben Jones
Thomas C  Bartley Jr  as Moses Hopkins (as Thomas C  Bartley)
Clifton Powell as Mr  Lee
John Diehl as Master Anderson
Keith David as Frederick Douglas
Lynn Whitfield as Miss Grace

See also
List of films featuring slavery
Passage 5:
The Keeper of Lost Causes
The Keeper of Lost Causes (Danish: Kvinden i buret), also known as Department Q: The Keeper of Lost Causes, is a 2013 Danish film directed by Mikkel Nørgaard  The movie is based on the novel by Jussi Adler-Olsen  It is the first film in the Department Q film series, followed by  The Absent One (2014) and A Conspiracy of Faith (2016) 

Synopsis
Carl Mørck is demoted to Department Q, the cold case unit, after a raid he instigated goes wrong  One case, a suspected suicide, piques his interest  His investigations suggest that the victim, a rising politician named Merete Lynnggard, was actually kidnapped  Mørck ruffles feathers and is told to halt the investigation, but he and his assistant Assad persist 
As the duo investigate the case further, they get into trouble with Swedish police and are suspended, but they still continue to persevere in their investigation  Lynnggard is revealed to be imprisoned in a pressure chamber by a vengeful chef named Larsa Carl and Assad locate the pressure chamber and rescue Lynnggard as she is about to die, and they arrest Larsa  Because of their action and the prominence of the case, the police chief reinstates the duo as detectives 

Cast and characters
Nikolaj Lie Kaas as Carl Mørck
Fares Fares as Assad
Sonja Richter as Merete Lynggaard
Mikkel Følsgaard as Uffe Lynggaard
Søren Pilmark as Marcus Jacobsen
Troels Lyby as Hardy Henningsen
Patricia Schumann as Søs Norup
Eric Ericson as Johan Lundquist

Release
The film was first shown at the Gothenburg Film Festival in January 2013, followed by several more film festivals before its cinema release in Denmark on 3 October 2013  The film topped the local box office in 2013 with 725,000 Danish moviegoers buying tickets 
Passage 6:
The Other Half (2016 film)
The Other Half is a 2016 Canadian romantic drama film, written and directed by Joey Klein  It stars Tatiana Maslany, Tom Cullen, Henry Czerny, and Suzanne Clément  The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on 12 March 2016 

Premise
A bipolar woman and grief-stricken man struggle to live a simple life 

Cast
Tatiana Maslany as Emily
Tom Cullen as Nickie
Henry Czerny as Jacob
Suzanne Clément as Marie
Mark Rendall as Sammy
Diana Bentley as Kristin
Deragh Campbell as Anna
Nancy Palk as Katherine
Kaleb Alexander as Johnny
Zachary Hillard-Forde as Tommy
Emmanuel Kabongo as Officer James

Production
In July 2015, it was revealed that Joey Klein would write and direct the film, with Tatiana Maslany, Tom Cullen, Suzanne Clément, Deragh Campbell, and Mark Rendall starring in the film 

Release
The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on 12 March 2016  Mongrel Media distributed the film in Canada, releasing it on 2 December 2016 

Reception
The film received positive critical reviews  On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 78% based on 18 reviews, with an average rating of 6 9/10  On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews" The Los Angeles Times said that the film is "a granular depiction of trauma, illness and protectiveness disguised as a love story and guided by a pair of intense portrayals", and that, "as it plays out, it’s only a hard road for these swept-up, damaged lovers, whom Klein and his actors treat with blessedly non-exploitative honesty " Variety wrote, "What might have seemed pro forma on paper overcomes its occasionally studied stylistic tics to become a troubled, anguished love story that neither exaggerates nor soft-pedals the demons on display "The Toronto Star praised Klein, saying that he "creates a mood of tension, foreboding and sombre reflection through occasional moments of slo-mo and camera work that blurs reality  His literate script offers no easy resolution, only the faint hope that love can rescue two lost souls "
Passage 7:
The Other Half (1919 film)
The Other Half is a 1919 American drama film directed by King Vidor  Produced by the Brentwood Corporation, the film starred Vidor’s wife Florence Vidor and featured comedienne Zasu Pitts The picture is the third of four Christian Science-influenced films that represent a brief phase in Vidor’s output,  championing the superiority of self-healing through moral strength and supplemented by the benefits of rural living 
In February 2020, the film was shown at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, as part of a retrospective dedicated to King Vidor's career 

Plot
As described in a film magazine, Captain Donald Trent (Meredith), whose father owns the mills that are the chief industry of the small town, returns from service in the American Expeditionary Forces in France with a clear vision of humanity and humanity's rights, deciding to start work in the plant at the bottom  With him returns Corporal Jimmy Davis (Butler) who takes back his old job at the mill  Donald's sweetheart Katherine (Vidor) comes around, as does Jennie Jones, The Jazz Kid (Pitts), making up the quartet  Then Trent Sr  (Allen) dies and Donald becomes manager of the mills, quickly losing his new found views  After an accident at the mills blinds Jimmy, Donald refuses to see him  Katherine, through the editorial pages of a newspaper she has purchased, reaches Donald's heart with her columns, and brings the quartet back together in unity and happiness 

Cast
Florence Vidor as Katherine Boone
Charles Meredith as Donald Trent
ZaSu Pitts as Jennie Jones, The Jazz Kid
David Butler as Cpl  Jimmy Davis
Alfred Allen as J  Martin Trent
Frances Raymond as Mrs  Boone
Hugh Saxon as James Bradley
Thomas Jefferson as Caleb Fairman

Footnotes
Passage 8:
Port of Lost Dreams
Port of Lost Dreams is a 1934 American drama film directed by Frank R  Strayer and starring William Boyd, Lola Lane and George F  Marion 

Cast
William Boyd as Lars Christensen
Lola Lane as Molly Deshon / Molly Clark Christensen
George F  Marion as Capt  Morgan Rock
Edward Gargan as Porky the Freda's 'Crew'
Harold Huber as Louis Constolos
Robert Elliott as Lt  Andersen
Evelyn Carter Carrington as Mother McGee, Bar Owner
Charles C  Wilson as Warden
Robert Frazer as Radio Announcer
Lafe McKee as Justice of the Peace
Lew Kelly as First Hospital Detective
Eddie Phillips as Constolos' Lawyer
Passage 9:
Island of Lost Souls (2007 film)
Island of Lost Souls (Danish: De fortabte sjæles ø) is a 2007 Danish fantasy film directed by Nikolaj Arcel 

Plot
The 14-year-old protagonist Lulu moves to a small provincial town with her mother and little brother, where she gets bored and dreams of a more magical world  Suddenly, the little brother is possessed by a spirit  With the help from a rich kid named Oliver, and Ricard, disillusioned clairvoyant and inventor, they fight the dark forces hiding on the island of the lost souls 

Cast
Sara Langebæk Gaarmann - Lulu
Lucas Munk Billing - Sylvester
Lasse Borg - Oliver
Nicolaj Kopernikus - Richard
Lars Mikkelsen - Necromancer
Anette Støvelbæk - Beate

External links
Island of Lost Souls at IMDb
Island of Lost Souls in the Danish Film Database
Passage 10:
Spy Kids
Spy Kids is an American family action-adventure spy comedy franchise created by Robert Rodriguez  The plot follows adventures of Carmen and Juni Cortez, two children who become involved in their parents' espionage organization  The films include Latino themes, as Rodriguez is of Mexican descent 

Background
Influences
Spy Kids was influenced by James Bond films  The first film was "a fusion of Willy Wonka and James Bond" and the second was the "Mysterious Island and James Bond mix" 
The spy organization in the films is called the OSS  These initials are from the Office of Strategic Services, a former U S  intelligence organization during World War II which later evolved into the CIA  The character Donnagon Giggles was named after William Joseph Donovan, the director of the original OSS  The initials in the Spy Kids universe are never specified on screen, but, in one of the books, they stand for the Organization of Super Spies 

Themes
One of the main themes of Spy Kids is the unity of family  The children have adult responsibilities, and a lesson is that keeping secrets from family members can have a negative effect on relationships  The first film also deals extensively with sibling rivalry and the responsibility of older children  There is also a strong sense of Latino heritage 

Technical innovations
The other films were shot with High Definition digital video, parts of the third film using an anaglyphic process to create the 3-D effect  Audiences were given red/blue 3D glasses with their tickets in movie theatres  Four sets of these glasses were also included in the DVD release  The third film was used as a test for a special Texas Instruments digital projector which can project polarized 3D, which does not require the red-blue lenses, later reused for The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D (2005) 

Films
Spy Kids (2001)
After retiring from espionage for ten years, Gregorio and Ingrid (Antonio Banderas and Carla Gugino) are pulled back into duty for their important assignment despite the fact they were out of practice, and were captured  Their two children, Carmen and Juni (Alexa Vega and Daryl Sabara), stay with their uncle Felix Gumm (Cheech Marin) and discover the truth of their parents' past, which they had neglected to tell them because they were afraid that if they knew, they would picture danger at every corner; and decide to rescue them  On their first mission, Carmen and Juni manage to bring around their estranged uncle, Isador "Machete" Cortez (Danny Trejo), a genius gadget inventor and Juni helps to redeem a TV show host named Fegan Floop (Alan Cumming)  Together, Carmen and Juni thwart the plan of Floop's notorious second in-command Alexander Minion (Tony Shalhoub) to develop an army of androids resembling young children (including Carmen and Juni themselves) for a mastermind named Mr  Lisp (Robert Patrick) and his partner Ms  Gradenko (Teri Hatcher)  The robots based on Carmen and Juni became part of Floop's show 

Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams (2002)
As agents of the OSS, Carmen and Juni try to save the daughter (Taylor Momsen) of The President Of The United States (Christopher McDonald) while facing a particularly hard competition with Gary and Gerti Giggles (Matt O'Leary and Emily Osment), the two children of a double-dealing agent Donnagon Giggles (Mike Judge), whom Carmen and Juni helped to rescue them from the first film  Juni gets fired from the OSS after fighting with Gary over a smaller version of the transmooker, a device that can shut off all electronic devices even though it was Gary who started the fight  Juni loses his spot for the best spy kid of the year award, while Donnagon plans to steal the transmooker to take over the world  On their second mission, Carmen and Juni follow the trail to the mysterious island of Leeke Leeke which is home to Romero (Steve Buscemi), an eccentric scientist who attempted to create genetically miniaturised animals, but instead ended up with his island inhabited by mutant monsters  Eventually, Donnagon is fired and Gary is suspended, and the transmooker is destroyed  Juni is offered his job back, but in order to take a break from the OSS, he retires to start his own private eye agency 

Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (2003)
After retiring from the OSS, Juni is thrust back into service when an evil mastermind named Sebastian "The Toymaker" (Sylvester Stallone) creates a fictional video game called Game Over, which hypnotizes its users  Carmen was sent on a mission to disable the game, but disappeared on Level 4  With the help of his maternal grandfather, Valentin Avellan (Ricardo Montalban), who uses a wheelchair, Juni is sent after Carmen and helps her to disable the game in order to save the world  It is revealed that Sebastian was the one who disabled Valentin in the first place  Instead of avenging his former partner, Valentin forgives Sebastian who is redeemed 

Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (2011)
The OSS has become the world's top spy agency, while the Spy Kids department has become defunct  A retired spy Marissa (Jessica Alba) is thrown back into the action along with her two stepchildren, Rebecca and Cecil (Rowan Blanchard and Mason Cook), when a maniacal Timekeeper (Jeremy Piven) attempts to take over the world  In order to save the world, Rebecca and Cecil must team up with Marissa 

Spy Kids: Armageddon (2023)
The fifth installment, Spy Kids: Armageddon, serving as a reboot of the franchise, is in development, with a film involving a plot that centers around a multicultural family  Robert Rodriguez again serves as writer/director, while the project is a joint-venture production between Skydance Media and Spyglass Media Group  The film is scheduled for distribution on Netflix, making it the second Spy Kids project produced for the platform  Gina Rodriguez, Zachary Levi, Everly Carganilla and Connor Esterson were set to star, along with Billy Magnussen and D  J  Cotrona  The plotline for the film is as follows: "When the children of the world's greatest secret agents unwittingly help a powerful Game Developer unleash a computer virus that gives him control of all technology, they must become spies themselves to save their parents and the world"  Production of the film wrapped in late August 2022, and is set to be released on Netflix in Q3-Q4 2023 

Television
Spy Kids: Mission Critical (2018)
An animated series based on the films, Spy Kids: Mission Critical, was released on Netflix in 2018  The first and second seasons both consist of 10 episodes and is produced by Mainframe Studios  Robert Rodriguez served as one of the executive producers on the show 

Main cast and characters
Additional crew and production details
Reception
Box office performance
Critical and public response
Though the first and second film received positive reviews, the series experienced a steadily declining critical reception with each film 

Home media
September 18, 2001 (Spy Kids) on DVD by Buena Vista Home Entertainment
February 18, 2003 (Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams) on DVD by Buena Vista Home Entertainment
February 24, 2004 (Spy Kids 3D: Game Over) on DVD by Buena Vista Home Entertainment
August 2, 2011 (Spy Kids, Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams, and Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over) on DVD and Blu-ray Disc by Lionsgate (However, all 3 DVDs are still the original Buena Vista Home Entertainment copies )
November 15, 2011 (Spy Kids, Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams, and Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over Triple Feature) on Blu-ray Disc by Lionsgate
November 22, 2011 (Spy Kids: All the Time in the World) on DVD and Blu-ray by Anchor Bay Entertainment
December 4, 2012 (Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over, The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D 3D Double Feature) on Blu-ray 3D Disc by Lionsgate
September 22, 2020 (Spy Kids, Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams, and Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over Triple Feature) on DVD and Blu-ray Disc reissue by Paramount

Other media
Video games
Spy Kids Challenger (Game Boy Advance)
Spy Kids Mega Mission Zone (PC/Mac)
Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (Game Boy Advance and PC/Mac)
Spy Kids: Learning Adventures series (PC/Mac)
Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (Nintendo DS)

See also
Related film series
Isador "Machete" Cortez, who appeared in all four Spy Kids film series as a supporting character, additionally had a series of two stand-alone films: Machete and Machete Kills, also written and directed by Robert Rodriguez  However, the Machete films share little in common with the Spy Kids films thematically and are not considered direct spin-offs, the first film instead being an adult-oriented action exploitation film, with the second film introducing science fiction elements; both films additionally share several cast members and characters with the Spy Kids films  The idea for a Machete film came from a fake trailer promoting the Grindhouse double-feature by Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino  Trejo and Rodriguez have made two conflicting statements regarding its canonicity to the Spy Kids films; Trejo claimed that the films depict "what Uncle Machete does when he's not taking care of the kids", while Rodriguez said in a Reddit AMA that they are alternate universes  Regardless, Rodriguez claimed that he was prompted by an incident on the set of the first Machete film to start envisioning a fourth film in the main Spy Kids film series, casting Jessica Alba as Machete's sister Marissa, a different character to the one she portrayed in Machete, with Trejo additionally reprising his role alongside her 

Notes
Context 3: 
Their four orphaned children were raised by Norris's brother Sir John Norris 

Ancestry
Passage 4:
Agatha (wife of Samuel of Bulgaria)
Agatha (Bulgarian: Агата, Greek: Άγάθη; fl  late 10th century) was the wife of Emperor Samuel of Bulgaria 

Biography
According to a later addition to the history of the late-11th-century Byzantine historian John Skylitzes, Agatha was a captive from Larissa, and the daughter of the magnate of Dyrrhachium, John Chryselios  Skylitzes explicitly refers to her as the mother of Samuel's heir Gavril Radomir, which means that she was probably Samuel's wife  On the other hand, Skylitzes later mentions that Gavril Radomir himself also took a beautiful captive, named Irene, from Larissa as his wife  According to the editors of the Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, this may have been a source of confusion for a later copyist, and Agatha's real origin was not Larissa, but Dyrrhachium  According to the same work, it is likely that she had died by ca  998, when her father surrendered Dyrrhachium to the Byzantine emperor Basil II Only two of Samuel's and Agatha's children are definitely known by name: Gavril Radomir and Miroslava  Two further, unnamed, daughters are mentioned in 1018, while Samuel is also recorded as having had a bastard son Agatha is one of the central characters in Dimitar Talev's novel Samuil 
Passage 5:
Empress Shōken
Empress Dowager Shōken (昭憲皇太后, Shōken-kōtaigō, 9 May 1849 – 9 April 1914), born Masako Ichijō (一条勝子, Ichijō Masako), was the wife of Emperor Meiji of Japan  She is also known under the technically incorrect name Empress Shōken (昭憲皇后, Shōken-kōgō)  She was one of the founders of the Japanese Red Cross Society, whose charity work was known throughout the First Sino-Japanese War 

Early life
Lady Masako Ichijō was born on 9 May 1849, in Heian-kyō, Japan  She was the third daughter of Tadayoshi Ichijō, former Minister of the Left and head of the Fujiwara clan's Ichijō branch  Her adoptive mother was one of Prince Fushimi Kuniie's daughters, but her biological mother was Tamiko Niihata, the daughter of a doctor from the Ichijō family  Unusually for the time, she had been vaccinated against smallpox  As a child, Masako was somewhat of a prodigy: she was able to read poetry from the Kokin Wakashū by the age of 4 and had composed some waka verses of her own by the age of 5  By age seven, she was able to read some texts in classical Chinese with some assistance and was studying Japanese calligraphy  By the age of 12, she had studied the koto and was fond of Noh drama  She excelled in the studies of finances, ikebana and Japanese tea ceremony The major obstacle to Lady Masako's eligibility to become empress consort was the fact that she was 3 years older than Emperor Meiji, but this issue was resolved by changing her official birth date from 1849 to 1850  They became engaged on 2 September 1867, when she adopted the given name Haruko (美子), which was intended to reflect her 
serene beauty and diminutive size 
The Tokugawa Bakufu promised 15,000 ryō in gold for the wedding and assigned her an annual income of 500 koku, but as the Meiji Restoration occurred before the wedding could be completed, the promised amounts were never delivered  The wedding was delayed partly due to periods of mourning for Emperor Kōmei,  for her brother Saneyoshi, and the political disturbances around Kyoto between 1867 and 1868 

Empress of Japan
Lady Haruko and Emperor Meiji's wedding was finally officially celebrated on 11 January 1869  She was the first imperial consort to receive the title of both nyōgō and of kōgō (literally, the emperor's wife, translated as "empress consort"), in several hundred years  However, it soon became clear that she was unable to bear children  Emperor Meiji already had 12 children by 5 concubines, though: as custom in Japanese monarchy, Empress Haruko adopted Yoshihito, her husband's eldest son by Lady Yanagihara Naruko, who became Crown Prince  On 8 November 1869, the Imperial House departed from Kyoto for the new capital of Tokyo  In a break from tradition, Emperor Meiji insisted that the Empress and the senior ladies-in-waiting should attend the educational lectures given to the Emperor on a regular basis about national conditions and developments in foreign nations 

Influence
On 30 July 1886, Empress Haruko attended the Peeresses School's graduation ceremony in Western clothing  On 10 August, the imperial couple received foreign guests in Western clothing for the first time when hosting a Western Music concert From this point onward, the Empress' entourage wore only Western-style clothes in public, to the point that in January 1887 
Empress Haruko issued a memorandum on the subject: traditional Japanese dress was not only unsuited to modern life, but Western-style dress was closer than the kimono to clothes worn by Japanese women in ancient times In the diplomatic field, Empress Haruko hosted the wife of former US President Ulysses S  Grant during his visit to Japan  She was also present for her husband's meetings with Hawaiian King Kalākaua in 1881  Later that same year, she helped host the visit of the sons of future British King Edward VII: Princes Albert Victor and George (future George V), who presented her with a pair of pet wallabies from Australia On  26 November 1886, Empress Haruko accompanied her husband to Yokosuka, Kanagawa to observe the new Imperial Japanese Navy cruisers Naniwa and Takachiho firing torpedoes and performing other maneuvers  From 1887, the Empress was often at the Emperor's side in official visits to army maneuvers  When Emperor Meiji fell ill in 1888, Empress Haruko took his place in welcoming envoys from Siam, launching warships and visiting Tokyo Imperial University  In 1889, Empress Haruko accompanied Emperor Meiji on his official visit to Nagoya and Kyoto  While he continued on to visit naval bases at Kure and Sasebo, she went to Nara to worship at the principal Shinto shrines Known throughout her tenure for her support of charity work and women's education during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), Empress Haruko worked for the establishment of the Japanese Red Cross Society  She participated in the organization's administration, especially in their peacetime activities in which she created a money fund for the International Red Cross  Renamed "The Empress Shōken Fund", it is presently used for international welfare activities  After Emperor Meiji moved his military headquarters from Tokyo to Hiroshima to be closer to the lines of communications with his troops, Empress Haruko joined her husband in March 1895  While in Hiroshima, she insisted on visiting hospitals full of wounded soldiers every other day of her stay 

Death
After Emperor Meiji's death in 1912, Empress Haruko was granted the title Empress Dowager (皇太后, Kōtaigō) by her adoptive son, Emperor Taishō  She died in 1914 at the Imperial Villa in Numazu, Shizuoka and was buried in the East Mound of the Fushimi Momoyama Ryo in Fushimi, Kyoto, next to her husband  Her soul was enshrined in Meiji Shrine in Tokyo  On 9 May 1914, she received the posthumous name Shōken Kōtaigō (昭憲皇太后)  Her railway-carriage can be seen today in the Meiji Mura Museum, in Inuyama, Aichi prefecture 

Honours
National
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown, 1 November 1888

Foreign
She received the following orders and decorations:
 Russian Empire: Grand Cross of the Order of St  Catherine, 13 December 1887
 Spain: Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa, 29 November 1889
 Siam: Dame of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 12 October 1899
 German Empire: Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Class, 19 May 1903
 Kingdom of Bavaria: Dame of Honour of the Order of Theresa, 29 February 1904
 Korean Empire: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Auspicious Phoenix, 27 July 1908

Ancestry
See also
Empress of Japan
Ōmiya Palace

Notes
Passage 6:
Eunoë (wife of Bogudes)
Eunoë Maura was the wife of Bogudes, King of Western Mauretania  Her name has also been spelled Euries or Euryes or Eunoa 

Biography
Early life
Eunoë Maura was thought to be descended from Berbers, but her name is Greek so it appears she might have been from there or had Greek ancestry  She was likely of very high status, as she is mentioned by historian Suetonius in the same context as Cleopatra 

Marriage
At an unspecified early date in her marriage to her husband Bogud he mounted an expedition along the Atlantic coast, seemingly venturing into the tropics  When he returned he presented his wife Eunoë with gigantic reeds and asparagus he had found on the journey She is believed to have been a mistress of Julius Caesar  She may have replaced Cleopatra in Caesar's affections, when he arrived in North Africa prior to the Battle of Thapsus on 6 April 46 BC, the two were among several queens courted by Caesar  It is also possible that they first met in Spain if she accompanied her husband there on a campaign  Only a brief romance for the Roman, both Eunoe and Bogudes profited through gifts bestowed on them by Caesar  Caesar departed from Africa in June 46 BC, five and a half months after he landed 

Cultural depictions
Eunoë and Caesar's affair is greatly exaggerated and expanded on in the Medieval French prose work Faits des Romains  Jeanette Beer in her book A Medieval Caesar states that the Roman general is "transformed into Caesar, the medieval chevalier" in the text, and that the author is more interested in Caesar's sexual dominance over the queen than the political dominance he held over her husband Bogud



ground_truth: no

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the wife of Francis I Rákóczi born?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  The text describes her; "Eunoe was the most beautiful woman in four kingdoms — nevertheless, she was Moorish", which Beer further analysed as being indicative of the fact that it was unimaginable to audiences of the time to believe that a lover of Caesar could be ugly, but that Moors still represented everything that was ugly to them Eunoë has also been depicted in several novels about Caesar, as well as serialized stories in The Cornhill Magazine  In such fiction her character often serves as a foil for the relationship between Caesar and another woman, mostly Cleopatra, such as in The Memoirs of Cleopatra, The Bloodied Toga and When We Were Gods  In Song of the Nile she also plays a posthumous role as a person of interest for Cleopatra's daughter Selene II who became queen of Mauritania after her Eunoe has also been depicted in a numismatic drawing by Italian artist and polymath Jacopo Strada, who lived in the 16th century  There is however no archaeological evidence of a coin that bears her name or picture 

See also
Women in ancient Rome
Passage 7:
Catherine Exley
Catherine Exley (1779–1857) was an English diarist  She was the wife of a soldier who accompanied her husband when he served in Portugal, Spain, and Ireland during the Napoleonic Wars  Exley is best known as the author of a diary that gives an account of military life in that era from the viewpoint of the wife of a common soldier 

Background
Catherine Whitaker was born at Leeds in 1779 and married Joshua Exley there in 1806  Between  1805 and 1815, Joshua served in the Second Battalion of the 34th Regiment of Foot, initially as a private and then for a little over two years, as a corporal  Exley accompanied her husband for a substantial portion of this time and in due course wrote an account that is probably unique in that it records and reflects on life in the British Army from the perspective of the wife of a soldier who did not reach the rank of an officer 

The diary
Catherine's diary was first published as a booklet issued shortly after her death  A single copy of the booklet is known to exist, it was also reprinted in The Dewsbury Reporter during August 1923  The text of the diary is included in full in a more recently issued book, edited by Professor Rebecca Probert, along with essays on its military and religious context, the treatment of prisoners of war and the role of women in the British, French and Spanish armed forces during the Peninsular War 
The diary unfolds the hardships that both Catherine and her husband suffered during his military service, including one period when they both wrongly thought that the other had died  There are detailed accounts of the births and deaths of children, the cold, hunger and filthy conditions of military life and the horror of the aftermaths of battles  Details of the author's religious experiences which led her to membership of the Methodist church also appear  Exley wrote the diary during the last 20 years before her death, which took place in 1857 at Batley, Yorkshire 
Passage 8:
Ilona Zrínyi
Countess Ilona Zrínyi (Croatian: Jelena Zrinska, Hungarian: Zrínyi Ilona) (1643, Ozalj – 18 February 1703, Izmit) was a noblewoman and heroine  She was one of the last surviving members of the Croatian-Hungarian Zrinski/Zrínyi noble family  She was the daughter of Petar Zrinski, Ban (viceroy) of Croatia, the niece of both Miklós Zrínyi and Fran Krsto Frankopan and the wife of Francis Rákóczi I and Imre Thököly, as well as the mother of Francis Rákóczi II  She is remembered in history for her Defense of Palanok Castle against the Imperial army in 1685-1688, an act for which she was regarded a heroine in Hungary 

Life
Early years and family
Ilona was born Ilona Zrínyi in Ozalj, present day Croatia  She was the eldest child of Croatian Ban, Peter Zrinyi, and his wife Katarina Zrinyi née Frankopan, a Croatian poet  Later her parents had two daughters, Judita Petronila (1652-1699), and Aurora Veronika (1658-1735), as well as a son, Ivan Antun (1651-1703)  Ilona and her siblings were the last generation of descendants of the once-powerful Zrinski family 
From her childhood, she was known for her beauty and good education  There is little information on her schooling; it is known though that she acquired a high level of knowledge within her family, not only from her father and mother, Croatian writers and erudite persons but from her uncle Nikola VII Zrinski as well 

Marriages
On 1 March 1666, she married Francis Rákóczi, with whom she had three children: György, born in 1667, who died in infancy; Julianna, born in 1672; and Ferenc (commonly known as Francis Rákóczi II), born in 1676  On June 8, 1676, not long after Francis II's birth, the elder Francis died  The widowed Ilona requested guardianship of her children and was granted it, against the advice of Emperor Leopold I's advisers and against Francis I's will  In this way she also retained control over the vast Rákóczi estates, which included among them the castles of Regéc, Sárospatak, Makovica, and Munkács  In 1682 she married Imre Thököly and became an active partner in her second husband's Kuruc uprising against the Habsburgs 

Defense of Munkács (Palanok) Castle
After their defeat at the 1683 Battle of Vienna, both the Ottoman forces and Thököly's allied Kuruc fighters had no choice but to retreat, and Thököly quickly lost one Rákóczi castle after another  At the end of 1685, the Imperial army surrounded the last remaining stronghold, Munkacs Castle in today's Ukraine  Ilona Zrínyi alone defended the castle for three years (1685–1688) against the forces of General Antonio Caraffa 

Internment, exile and death
After the recapture of Buda, the situation became untenable, and on 17 January 1688, Ilona had no choice but to surrender the castle, with the understanding that the defenders would receive amnesty from the Emperor, and that the Rákóczi estates would remain in her children's name  Under this agreement, she and her children traveled immediately to Vienna, where in violation of the pact the children were taken from her  Ilona lived until 1691 in the convent of the Ursulines, where her daughter Julianna was also raised  Her son Francis was immediately taken to the Jesuit school in Neuhaus 
At the time, her husband, Thököly, was still fighting with his Kuruc rebels against the Habsburg army in Upper Hungary  When Habsburg General Heisler was captured by Thököly, a prisoner exchange was arranged, and Ilona joined her husband in Transylvania  In 1699, however, after the Treaty of Karlowitz was signed, both spouses, having found themselves on the losing side, had to go into exile in the Ottoman Empire  The countess lived in Galata, district of Constantinople, and later in Izmit, where she died on 18 February 1703  She was buried in the French church of Saint Benoit in Galata 

Descendants
From her first marriage with Francis Rákóczi, Ilona had three children:

György (1667–1667)
Julianna Borbála (September 1672 – 1717); married Count Ferdinand Gobert von Aspremont-Lynden (1643-1708)
Francis II (27 March 1676 – 8 April 1735)From her second marriage with Imre Thököly, Ilona had three children, all of whom died at a young age (including one she was pregnant with during the siege of Munkács) 

Legacy
Ilona Zrínyi is celebrated in Croatia and Hungary as one of the greatest national heroines, patriots and fighters for freedom, who opposed, although unsuccessfully, the autocracy and absolutism aspirations of the Habsburgs  Her even more famous son Francis II Rákóczi continued the struggle for the independence of Hungary (1703–1711) 
In October 1906 the remains of the Croatian countess were reinterred with her son's in the St Elisabeth Cathedral in present-day Košice, Slovakia 

Honors
Postage stamp issued by Hungary on 28 September 1952 

See also
House of Zrinski
Zrinski family tree
Zrinski–Frankopan conspiracy
Kuruc
Rákóczi's War for Independence
Wesselényi conspiracy
Passage 9:
Artaynte
Artaynte (f  478 BC), was the wife of the Crown Prince Darius 

Life
Daughter of an unnamed woman and Prince Masistes, a marshall of the armies during the invasion of Greece in 480-479 BC, and the brother of King Xerxes I 
During the Greek campaign Xerxes developed a passionate desire for the wife of Masistes, but she would constantly resist and would not bend to his will  Upon his return to Sardis, the king endeavoured to bring about the marriage of his son Daris to Artaynte, the daughter of this woman the wife of Masistes, supposing that by doing so he could obtain her more easily 
After moving to Susa he brought Artaynte to the royal house with him for his son Daris, but fell in love with her himself, and after obtaining her they became lovers  
At the behest of Xerxes, Artaynte committed adultery with him (Xerxes)  When queen Amestris found out, she did not seek revenge against Artaynte, but against her mother, Masistes' wife, as Amestris thought that it was her connivance  On Xerxes' birthday, Amestris sent for his guards and mutilated Masistes' wife by cutting off her breasts and threw them to dogs, and her nose and ears and lips also, and cutting out her tongue as well  On seeing this, Masistes fled to Bactria to start a revolt, but was intercepted by Xerxes' army who killed him and his sons 
Passage 10:
Hafsa Hatun
Hafsa Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: حفصه خاتون, "young lioness") was a Turkish princess, and a consort of Bayezid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 

Life
Hafsa Hatun was the daughter of Isa Bey, the ruler of the Aydinids  She was married to Bayezid in 1390, upon his conquest of the Aydinids  Her father had surrendered without a fight, and a marriage was arranged between her and Bayezid  Thereafter, Isa was sent into exile in Iznik, shorn of his power, where he subsequently died  Her marriage strengthened the bonds between the two families 

Charities
Hafsa Hatun's public works are located within her father's territory and may have been built before she married Bayezid  She commissioned a fountain in Tire city and a Hermitage in Bademiye, and a mosque known as "Hafsa Hatun Mosque" between 1390 and 1392 from the money she received in her dowry 

See also
Ottoman dynasty
Ottoman Empire



ground_truth: Ozalj