prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the place of birth of Bernard (Son Of Charles The Fat)'s father?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Mélanie Bernard
Mélanie Bernard (born 14 September 1974) is a former professional tennis player from Canada 

Biography
A right-handed player from Quebec, Bernard had a best singles ranking of 253 
Bernard was most successful as a doubles player, ranked as high as 90 in the world, often partnering with Caroline Delisle  She and Delisle made the round of 16 at the 1994 French Open  The pair also competed together in the main draw of the 1995 Wimbledon Championships and took a set off top seeds Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva in a first round loss 

ITF finals
Doubles (4–6)
Passage 2:
Jean-David Bernard
Jean-David Bernard (born 27 July 1977 in Melun) is a French rower 
Passage 3:
Bernard (son of Charles the Fat)
Bernard or Bernhard (c  870 – 891/2) was the only child of Emperor Charles the Fat  He was born of an unknown concubine and was thus considered illegitimate  Charles tried to make him his heir, but failed in two attempts 
Charles tried to have Bernard recognised as his heir in 885, but met the opposition of several bishops  He had the support of Pope Adrian III, whom he invited to an assembly in Worms in October 885, but who died on the way, just after crossing the river Po  Adrian was going to depose the obstructing bishops, as Charles doubted he could do this himself, and legitimise Bernard  Based on the disfavouring attitude of the chronicler of the Mainz continuation of the Annales Fuldenses, the chief of Charles' opponents in the matter was probably Liutbert, Archbishop of Mainz  Because Charles had called together the "bishops and counts of Gaul" as well as the pope to meet him at Worms, it seems likely that he planned to make Bernard King of Lotharingia  Notker the Stammerer, who considered Bernard as a possible heir, wrote in his Deeds of Charlemagne: "I will not tell you [Charles the Fat] of this [the Viking sack of the Abbey of Prüm] until I see your little son Bernard with a sword girt to his thigh " Perhaps Notker was awaiting Bernard's kingship, when Prüm would be avenged  
After the failure of his first attempt, Charles set about to try again, apparently having given up on having any legitimate children with his wife, Richardis  He had the term proles (offspring) inserted into his charters as it had not been in previous years, probably because he desired to legitimise Bernard  In early 886, Charles met the new Pope, Stephen V, and probably negotiated for the recognition of his son as his heir  When Stephen cancelled a planned meeting at Waiblingen on 30 April 887, Charles probably abandoned his plans for Bernard and instead adopted Louis of Provence as his son at Kirchen in May  It is possible, however, that the agreement with Louis was only designed to engender support for Bernard's subkingship in Lotharingia  
After his father's death, Bernard became the focus of revolt for some Alemannian magnates  In 890, he rebelled against Arnulf of Carinthia and prevented the king from going into Italy as requested by Pope Stephen V  Bernard had the support of Count Ulrich of the Linzgau and Argengau and Bernard, Abbot of Saint Gall  Probably, he fled Alemannia for Italy and the protection of Arnulf's rival, King Guy, as recorded by the late medieval historian Gobelinus, who may have had a lost Carolingian work as his source  By the winter of 891/2, Bernard had returned to Alemannia  The revolt was finally put down by Solomon III, Bishop of Constance, and Hatto, Abbot of Reichenau  Arnulf entered Alemannia in the summer to redistribute lands  Bernard was killed by Rudolf, Duke of Rhaetia, and only then did the unrest in Alemannia cease These events are not mentioned in the main East Frankish source, the Annals of Fulda, rather they come from brief notices in the Annales Alamannici and Annales Laubacenses, which record that in 890, "Bernard, Charles's son, barely escaped the net", and in 891 (which possibly should be 892), he "was killed by Rudolf", without specifying who Rudolf was 

Notes
Sources
Offergeld, Thilo (2001)  Reges pueri: Das Königtum Minderjähriger im frühen Mittelalter  Vol  2 vols  Hanover 
Reuter, Timothy (1991)  Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c  800–1056  London: Longman 
Reuter, Timothy, ed  (1992)  The Annals of Fulda  Manchester Medieval Series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II  Manchester University Press 
MacLean, Simon (2003)  Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire  Cambridge University Press 
Passage 4:
Michèle Bernard
Michèle Bernard (French: [miʃɛl bɛʁnaʁ], born 26 October 1947) is a French singer and songwriter 

Discography
1988 : Michèle Bernard en Public
1992 : Des nuits noires de monde
1997 : Nomade     (Chansons pour les petits et les grands)
1997 : Quand vous me rendrez visite
1999 : Voler   
2002 : Mes premiers vinyls
2002 : Une fois qu'on s'est tout dit
2004 : Poésies pour les enfants
2004 : L'oiseau noir du champ fauve, cantate pour Louise Michel
2006 : Le nez en l'air
2008 : Piano Voix
2008 : Monsieur je m'en fous
2010 : Des nuits noires de monde Live
2012 : Sens Dessus Dessous

Awards
Grand Prix musique jeune public ADAMI 2013
Passage 5:
Yvonne Bernard
Yvonne Mercedes Bernard (born March 6, 1959) is an American film, television, and commercial producer 

Life and career
Yvonne M  Bernard was born in Tarrytown, New York to Bob and Prudy Bernard  She is the sister of Dan Bernard, who is the SVP of Development and Production at Lookout Entertainment and frequently collaborates with her as a producer on several features and commercial projects   Yvonne has four siblings,  Bob Bernard,  Daphne Broudy, and the Lynne Bernard   She attended the University of Iowa and graduated with a degree in Journalism and Theater Arts 
Yvonne represents and produces all content for her friend, author R  L  Stine for film and television  She became one of the first women to 100 per cent own a production company in the United States 
After working on a Stine film in Morocco in the early 1990s, Bernard started an import/export business in California  At the time, she was the only American importing Moroccan goods into the United States 
In 1996, Bernard founded Lookout Entertainment Inc , a film, TV, digital media and commercial production company located in Hermosa Beach, California  Bernard/Lookout has gone on to produce commercials, feature films, and television shows  In addition, she has also produced a number of short films that have been used on rides in prominent theme parks including SeaWorld, San Diego and Busch Gardens 
Bernard has served as an producer for  films including ”Mostly Ghostly: Who Let the Ghosts Out?(2008)”, Mostly Ghostly: Have You Met My Ghoulfriend?(2014), ”Mostly Ghostly: One Night in Doom House”  and Mostly Ghostly: Have You Met My Ghoulfriend? (2016)  Throughout her career, she has also been credited an executive producer for the short film Haunted Lighthouse (2003), MTV series Eye Candy (TV series) (2015), and numerous commercials for Ross Stores, Wendy's, Carl's Jr , Mercury Insurance, Smart and Final, Anna's Linens and Shoe PavilionShe is currently working with Warner Bros , Fox, Disney and Lions Gate 
Bernard currently resides in Hermosa Beach, where she lives with her partner Henry, her two children and their two golden retrievers, Gracie and Porter 

Filmography
2003: Haunted Lighthouse (executive producer)
2008: Mostly Ghostly: Who Let the Ghosts Out?
2014: Mostly Ghostly: Have You Met My Ghoulfriend? (executive producer)
2015: Eye Candy (TV series) (11 episodes, executive producer)
2016 Mostly Ghostly: One Night in Doom House (executive producer)
Passage 6:
Joel Bernard
Joel Bernard (born December 8, 1963) is a Canadian conservative politician 

Political career
Provincial
He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, representing Nepisiguit, in the general election of 1999 and became deputy speaker of the Legislature   He was defeated in his bid for a second term in the 2003 election by former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Frank Branch  Branch had represented the area from 1970 to 1995, when he retired and did not seek re-election 
Bernard was one of several defeated Progressive Conservative MLAs who were appointed to government positions by Premier Bernard Lord following their defeat in the 2003 election   These appointments were widely criticized as excessive patronage by the media and the opposition Liberals 
Bernard had been appointed to oversee and economic development fund for the Restigouche-Baie des Chaleurs region  He took a leave of absence from his position in March 2004 to be a Conservative candidate in the 2004 federal election 

Federal
In late April 2005, Bernard announced he would be a candidate for the Conservative nomination for the riding of Ottawa—Orléans for the next federal election   On May 16, he was defeated by Royal Galipeau, a former member of the Liberal Party of Canada, for the nomination by a margin of 174 to 126, who went on to win the seat in the election 
From 2006 to 2008, Bernard held the position of Senior Policy Advisor in the office of Stockwell Day, Minister of Public Safety in the new Conservative government 
In the 2008 federal election, the Conservative Party brought Bernard to Nova Scotia to run against Conservative-turned-Independent Bill Casey in the riding of Cumberland–Colchester–Musquodoboit Valley  On election night, Casey was re-elected by over 22,000 votes, with Bernard finishing third, polling just under 9% Bernard was the Senior Policy Advisor for aerospace, procurements, industrial regional benefits and the auto file to Tony Clement, Minister of Industry Canada, until he left the position in 2010  Since then, he has held several positions of Senior Policy Advisor for Fisheries & Oceans Canada, International Development and La francophonie  He is presently employed as a Parliamentary Affairs Advisor for Pierre Paul-Hus, the Shadow minister for Public Safety, Border Security and Emergency Preparedness and the Member of Parliament for Charlesbourg – Haute – Saint-Charles 
In March 2019, Bernard won the Ottawa—Vanier Conservative nomination contest, becoming their candidate for the 2019 federal election 

Personal life
He lives in Ottawa, Ontario with his wife Catherine and his two children, Lilianne and Samuel  Joel's sister-in-law is the former special assistant of former Chief of Staf Nigel Wright, and later former personnel manager of the Office of the Prime Minister of Canada Monica Bernard 
Joel Bernard is an evangelical Christian 

Electoral record
Federal
Provincial
Passage 7:
Escarlata Bernard
Victoria Escarlata Bernard (born 17 March 1989 in Las Palmas) is a Spanish backstroke swimmer who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics 
Passage 8:
Charles the Fat
Charles III (839 – 13 January 888), also known as Charles the Fat, was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 888  A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, and a great-grandson of Charlemagne  He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule a united kingdom of the Franks 
Over his lifetime, Charles became ruler of the various kingdoms of Charlemagne's former empire  Granted lordship over Alamannia in 876, following the division of East Francia, he succeeded to the Italian throne upon the abdication of his older brother Carloman of Bavaria who had been incapacitated by a stroke  Crowned emperor in 881 by Pope John VIII, his succession to the territories of his brother Louis the Younger (Saxony and Bavaria) the following year reunited the kingdom of East Francia  Upon the death of his cousin Carloman II in 884, he inherited all of West Francia, thus reuniting the entire Carolingian Empire 
Usually considered lethargic and inept—he was frequently ill, and is believed to have had epilepsy—Charles twice purchased peace with Viking raiders, including at the infamous Siege of Paris, which led to his downfall 
The reunited empire did not last  During a coup led by his nephew Arnulf of Carinthia in November 887, Charles was deposed in East Francia, Lotharingia, and the Kingdom of Italy  Forced into quiet retirement, he died of natural causes in January 888, just a few weeks after his deposition  The Empire quickly fell apart after his death, splintering into five separate successor kingdoms; the territory it had occupied was not entirely reunited under one ruler until the conquests of Napoleon 

Nickname and number
The nickname "Charles the Fat" (Latin Carolus Crassus) is not contemporary  It was first used by the Annalista Saxo (the anonymous "Saxon Annalist") in the twelfth century  There is no contemporary reference to Charles's physical size, but the nickname has stuck and is the common name in most modern European languages (French Charles le Gros, German Karl der Dicke, Italian Carlo il Grosso) His numeral is roughly contemporary  Regino of Prüm, a contemporary of Charles's recording his death, calls him "Emperor Charles, third of that name and dignity" (Latin Carolus imperator, tertius huius nominis et dignitatis) 

Biography
Youth and inheritance
Charles was the youngest of the three sons of Louis the German, first King of East Francia, and Hemma from the House of Welf  An incident of demonic possession is recorded in his youth, in which he was said to have been foaming at the mouth before he was taken to the altar of the church  This greatly affected him and his father  He was described as: "… a very Christian prince, fearing God, with all his heart keeping His commandments, very devoutly obeying the orders of the Church, generous in alms-giving, practising unceasingly prayer and song, always intent upon celebrating the praises of God "In 859, Charles was made Count of the Breisgau, an Alemannic march bordering southern Lotharingia  In 863 his rebellious eldest brother Carloman revolted against their father  The next year Louis the Younger followed Carloman in revolt and Charles joined him  Carloman received rule over the Duchy of Bavaria  In 865, the elder Louis was forced to divide his remaining lands among his heirs: the Duchy of Saxony (along with the Duchy of Franconia and the Duchy of Thuringia) went to Louis, Alemannia (the Duchy of Swabia along with Rhaetia) went to Charles, and Lotharingia was to be divided between the younger two When in 875 the Emperor Louis II, who was also King of Italy, died having agreed with Louis the German that Carloman would succeed him in Italy, Charles the Bald of West Francia invaded the peninsula and had himself crowned king and emperor  Louis the German sent first Charles and then Carloman himself, with armies containing Italian forces under Berengar of Friuli, their cousin, to the Italian kingdom  These wars, however, were not successful until the death of Charles the Bald in 877 In 876 Louis the German died and the inheritance was divided as planned after a conference at Ries, though Charles received less of his share of Lotharingia than planned  In his charters, Charles's reign in Germania is dated from his inheritance in 876 

Acquisition of Italy
Three brothers ruled in cooperation and avoided wars over the division of their patrimony: a rare occurrence in the Early Middle Ages  In 877, Carloman finally inherited Italy from his uncle Charles the Bald  Louis divided Lotharingia and offered a third to Carloman and a third to Charles  In 878, Carloman returned his Lotharingian share to Louis, who then divided it evenly with Charles  In 879, Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke and divided his domains between his brothers: Bavaria went to Louis and Italy to Charles  Charles dated his reign in Italia from this point, and from then he spent most of his reign until 886 in his Italian kingdom In 880, Charles joined Louis III of France and Carloman II, the joint kings of West Francia, in a failed siege of Boso of Provence in Vienne from August to September  Provence, legally a part of the Italian kingdom from 863, had rebelled under Boso  In August 882, Charles sent Richard, Duke of Burgundy, Count of Autun, to take the city, which he finally did in September  After this, Boso was restricted to the vicinity of Vienne 

Imperial coronation
On 18 July 880, Pope John VIII sent a letter to Guy II of Spoleto seeking peace, but the duke ignored him and invaded the Papal States  John responded by begging the aid of Charles in his capacity as king of Italy and crowned Charles emperor on 12 February 881  This was accompanied by hopes of a general revival in western Europe, but Charles proved to be unequal to the task  Charles did little to help against Guy II  Papal letters as late as November were still petitioning Charles for action As emperor, Charles began the construction of a palace at Sélestat in Alsace  He modelled it after the Palace at Aachen which was built by Charlemagne, whom he consciously sought to emulate, as indicated by the Gesta Karoli Magni of Notker the Stammerer  As Aachen was located in the kingdom of his brother, it was necessary for Charles to build a new palace for his court in his own power base of western Alemannia  Sélestat was also more centrally located than Aachen In February 882, Charles convoked a diet in Ravenna  The duke, emperor, and pope made peace and Guy and his uncle, Guy of Camerino, vowed to return the papal lands  In a March letter to Charles, John claimed that the vows went unfulfilled  In 883, Guy of Camerino, now duke of Spoleto, was accused of treason at an imperial synod held at Nonantula late in May  He returned to Spoleto and made an alliance with the Saracens  Charles sent Berengar against Guy III  Berengar was initially successful until an epidemic of disease, which ravaged all of Italy, affecting the emperor and his entourage as well as Berengar's army, forced him to retreat In 883, Charles signed a treaty with Giovanni II Participazio, Doge of Venice, granting that any assassin of a doge who fled to the territory of the Empire would be fined 100 lbs of gold and banished 

Rule in East Francia
In the early 880s, the remnants of the Great Heathen Army, defeated by Alfred the Great at the Battle of Ethandun in 878, began to settle in the Low Countries  Charles's brother Louis the Younger had opposed them with some success, but he died after a short campaign on 20 January 882, leaving his throne to Charles, who reunited the whole East Frankish kingdom After returning from Italy, Charles held an assembly at Worms with the purpose of dealing with the Vikings  Armies from the whole East Francia were assembled in the summer under Arnulf, Duke of Carinthia, and Henry, Count of Saxony  The chief Viking camp was then besieged at Asselt  Charles then opened negotiations with the Viking chiefs Godfrid and Sigfred  Godfrid accepted Christianity and became Charles's vassal  He was married to Gisela, daughter of Lothair II of Lotharingia  Sigfred was bribed off  Despite the insinuations of some modern historians, no contemporary account criticised Charles's actions during this campaign  In 885, fearing Godfrid and his brother-in-law, Hugh, Duke of Alsace, Charles arranged for a conference at Spijk near Lobith, where the Viking leader fell into his trap  Godfrid was executed, and Hugh was blinded and sent to Prüm From 882 to 884, the Wilhelminer War engulfed the March of Pannonia (later March of Austria)  Arnulf of Carinthia, Charles's illegitimate nephew, made an alliance with the rebel Engelschalk II against Aribo of Austria, Charles's appointed margrave of the region  Svatopluk I, ruler of Great Moravia, agreed to help Aribo and in 884 at Kaumberg took an oath of fidelity to Charles  Though the emperor lost his vassals of the Wilhelminer family and his relationship with his nephew was broken, he gained powerful new allies in the Moravian dux and other Slavic duces of the region 

Rule in West Francia
When Carloman II of West Francia died on 12 December 884, the nobles of the kingdom invited Charles to assume the kingship  Charles gladly accepted, it being the third kingdom to "fall into his lap"  According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Charles succeeded to all of the kingdom of Carloman except Brittany, but this does not seem to have been true  It is likely that Charles was crowned by Geilo, Bishop of Langres, as rex in Gallia on 20 May 885 at Grand in the Vosges in southern Lorraine  Although Geilo even developed a special West Frankish seal for him, Charles's government in the West was always very distant and he left most day-to-day business to the higher nobility Though West Francia (the future France) was far less menaced by the Vikings than the Low Countries, it was heavily hit nonetheless  In 885, a huge fleet led by Sigfred sailed up the Seine, for the first time in years, and besieged Paris  Sigfred demanded a bribe again, but this time Charles refused  He was in Italy at the time and Odo, Count of Paris, sneaked some men through enemy lines to seek his aid  Charles sent Henry of Saxony to Paris  In 886, as disease began to spread through Paris, Odo himself went to Charles to seek support  Charles brought a large army and encircled the army of Rollo and set up a camp at Montmartre  However, Charles had no intention of fighting  He sent the attackers up the Seine to ravage Burgundy, which was in revolt  When the Vikings withdrew from France next spring, he gave them 700 pounds of promised silver  Charles's prestige in France was greatly diminished Charles issued a number of charters for West Frankish recipients during his stay in Paris during and after the siege  He recognised rights and privileges granted by his predecessors to recipients in the Spanish March and Provence, but especially in Neustria, where he had contact with Nantes at a time when the Breton duke Alan I was known to be powerful in the county of Nantes  It is probable that Charles granted Alan the right to be titled rex; as emperor he would have had that prerogative and Alan's use of the title appears legitimate  A charter dated to between 897 and 900 makes reference to the soul of Karolus, on whose behalf Alan had ordered prayers to be said in the monastery of Redon  This was probably Charles the Fat 

Succession problems
Charles, childless by his marriage to Richgard, tried to have his illegitimate son by an unknown concubine, Bernard, recognised as his heir in 885, but this met with opposition from several bishops  He had the support of Pope Hadrian III, whom he invited to an assembly in Worms in October 885, but the pope died on the way there, just after crossing the river Po  Hadrian was going to remove the obstructing bishops for Charles, as he doubted he could do this himself, and legitimize Bernard  Based on the unfavorable attitude shown by the chronicler responsible for the Mainz continuation of the Annales Fuldenses, the chief of Charles's opponents in this matter was most likely Liutbert, Archbishop of Mainz  Because Charles had called together the "bishops and counts of Gaul" as well as the pope to meet him at Worms, it is likely that he had plans to make Bernard King of Lotharingia  Notker the Stammerer, who considered Bernard as a possible heir, wrote in his Deeds of Charlemagne:

I will not tell you [Charles the Fat] of this [the Viking sack of the Abbey of Prüm] until I see your little son Bernard with a sword girt to his thigh 
After the failure of this first attempt, Charles set about to try again  He had the term proles (offspring) inserted into his charters (it had not been in previous years), in a likely attempt to legitimize Bernard  In early 886 Charles met the new Pope Stephen V and probably negotiated for the recognition of his illegitimate son as heir  An assembly was planned for April and May of the following year at Waiblingen  Pope Stephen cancelled his planned attendance on 30 April 887  Nevertheless, at Waiblingen, Berengar, who after a brief feud with Liutward had lost the favour of the emperor, came in early May 887, made peace with the emperor and compensated for his actions of the previous year by dispensing great gifts Charles eventually abandoned his plans for Bernard and instead adopted Louis of Provence as his son at an assembly at Kirchen in May  It is possible, however, that the agreement with Louis was only designed to engender support for Bernard's sub-kingship in Lotharingia  In June or July, Berengar arrived in Kirchen, probably pining to be declared Charles's heir; he may in fact have been so named in Italy, where he was acclaimed (or made himself) king immediately after Charles's deposition  Odo, Count of Paris, may have had a similar purpose in visiting Charles at Kirchen  On the other hand, the presence of these magnates at these two great assemblies may merely have been necessary to confirm Charles's illegitimate son as his heir (Waiblingen), a plan which failed when the pope refused to attend, and then to confirm Louis instead (Kirchen) 

Deposition, death, and legacy
With Charles increasingly seen as spineless and incompetent, matters came to a head in late 887  In the summer of that year, having given up on plans for his son's succession, Charles received Odo and Berengar, Margrave of Friuli, a relative of his, at his court  He may have accepted neither, one, or both of these as his heir in their respective kingdoms  His inner circle then began to fall apart  First, he accused his wife Richgard of having an affair with his chief minister and archchancellor, Liutward, bishop of Vercelli  She proved her innocence in an ordeal of fire and left him for the monastic life  He then turned against Liutward, who was hated by all, and removed him from office, appointing Liutbert (archbishop of Mainz), in his place In that year, his first cousin once removed, Ermengard of Provence, daughter of the Emperor Louis II and wife of Boso of Provence, brought her son Louis the Blind to him for protection  Charles confirmed Louis in Provence (he may even have adopted him) and allowed them to live at his court  He probably intended to make Louis heir to the whole realm and the imperium  On 11 November, he called an assembly to Frankfurt  While there he received news that an ambitious nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, had fomented a general rebellion and was marching into Germany with an army of Bavarians and Slavs  The next week saw the collapse of all his support in East Francia  The last to abandon him were his loyal Alemanni, though the men of Lotharingia never seem to have formally accepted his deposition  By 17 November, Charles was out of power, though the exact course of events is unknown  Aside from rebuking his faithlessness, he did little to prevent Arnulf's move—he had recently been ill again—but assured that Bernard was entrusted to his care and possibly Louis too  He asked for a few estates in Swabia on which to live out his days and thus received Naudingen (Donaueschingen)  There he died six weeks later, on 13 January 888 The Empire fell apart, never to be restored  According to Regino of Prüm, each part of the realm elected a "kinglet" from its own "bowels"—the bowels being the regions inside the realm  It is probable that Arnulf desired the whole empire, but the only part he received other than East Francia was Lotharingia  The French elected Odo, although he was opposed at first by Guy III of Spoleto, who also opposed Arnulf in Lotharingia  Guy sought the kingship in Italy after his failures in Francia, despite Berengar having already been crowned  Louis was crowned in Provence, as Charles had intended, and he sought the support of Arnulf and gained it, probably through supplication to him  Odo would eventually submit to Arnulf's supremacy as well  In Upper Burgundy, one Rudolph, a dux of the region, was elected as king in a distinctly non-Carolingian creation, probably the result of his failure to succeed in the whole of Lotharingia  In Aquitaine, Ranulf II declared himself king and took the guardianship of the young Charles the Simple, the Carolingian heir to the West, refusing to recognise Odo's election It is unknown if these elections were a response to Charles's East Frankish deposition or to his death  Only those of Arnulf and Berengar can be certainly placed before his death  Only the magnates of the East ever formally deposed him  He was buried with honour in Reichenau after his death and the Annales Fuldenses heap praises on his piety and godliness  Indeed, contemporary opinion of Charles is consistently kinder than later historiography, though it is a modern suggestion that his lack of apparent successes is the excusable result of near constant illness and infirmity Charles was the subject of a hortative piece of Latin prose, the Visio Karoli Grossi, designed to champion the cause of Louis the Blind and warn the Carolingians that their continued rule was not certain if they did not have "divine" (i e  ecclesiastical) favour 

See also
Family tree of the German monarchs

Notes
Passage 9:
Obata Toramori
Obata Toramori (小畠虎盛, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" 
He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters  
He was the father of Obata Masamori 

See also
Isao Obata
Passage 10:
Yohann Bernard
Yohann Bernard (born August 7, 1974) is a breaststroke swimmer from France 

Career
Bernard won the bronze medal in the men's 200 metres breaststroke event at the 1999 European Championships in Istanbul  He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where he finished in seventh place in the 200 m breaststroke, clocking 02:13 31 in the final 
Context 2: Passage 1:
William de Turbeville
William de Turbeville (or William Turbe; c  1095 –  January 1174) was a medieval Bishop of Norwich 

Life
Turbeville was educated in the Benedictine priory of Norwich Cathedral  Here he also made religious profession, first as a teacher and later as prior  He first held the office of precentor of the Diocese of Norwich from about 1136, and was subsequently Prior of Norwich Turbeville was present at the Easter synod of 1144 when Godwin Stuart alleged that his nephew, William of Norwich, a boy of about twelve years, had been murdered by the Norwich Jews during the preceding Holy Week 
When Turbeville became bishop in 1146 or early 1147 he propagated the cult of the "boy-martyr"  On four occasions he had the boy's remains transferred to more honourable places, and in 1168 erected a chapel in his honour in Mousehold Wood, where the boy's body was said to have been found  He persuaded Thomas of Monmouth, a monk of Norwich priory, to write "The Life and Miracles of St William of Norwich" about 1173, the only extant authority for the legend of William, which is now commonly discredited 
Turbeville attended the Council of Rheims in 1148 Turbeville died on 16 January 1174 or 17 January 1174 

Citations
Passage 2:
William Scott, Lord Balwearie
Sir William Scott, Lord Balwearie (died 1532), or William Scot, was a Scottish judge 

Biography
Scott was elder son of Sir William Scott of Balwearie, by Isobel, daughter of Sir John Moncrieff of Moncrieff  He accompanied James IV in his expedition into England in 1513, and, being taken prisoner at the battle of Flodden, was obliged to sell a portion of his lands of Strathmiglo to purchase his ransom  In February 1524 he was chosen a commissioner to parliament, when he was appointed one of the lords of the articles for the barons, an honour frequently afterwards conferred on him, although obtained by no one else under the rank of a peer  On 24 November he was styled a justice, in the absence of the justice-general, in a commission appointed to do justice on the "malt makers of Leith for common oppression through the exorbitant dearth raised by them, and of their causing through the whole realm"  On the institution of the college of justice on 13 May 1532, he was nominated the first justice on the temporal side, but died before 19 November of the same year  
By his wife, Janet Lundy, daughter of Thomas Lundy of Lundy, he had two sons, Sir William, father of Sir James Scott (fl  1579–1606), and Thomas (1480?–1539) 
Passage 3:
Erich Haenisch
Erich Haenisch  (27 August 1880, Berlin – 21 December 1966, Stuttgart)  was a German sinologist and first-degree cousin of politician Konrad Haenisch  He was the academic teacher of George Kennedy (Yale) 
During World War II , Haenisch was the only German sinologist who actively intervened with the Nazi government on behalf of his colleague Henri Maspero, who had been arrested by the Gestapo and taken to Buchenwald, since his son was a member of the resistance  Since Haenisch did not receive support by his German colleagues, he could not save Maspero, who died in Buchenwald on March 17, 1945 

External links
Erich Haenisch: Sinological Profiles, University of Massachusetts
Literature by and about Erich Haenisch in the German National Library catalogue
Passage 4:
William Lamb alias Paniter
William Lamb, or William Paniter alias Lamb, (c  1493 - 1550) was a Scottish cleric, lawyer, and author 

Life
William Lamb was the son of a sister of Patrick Paniter, and a cousin of David Panter  In his early career he adopted his uncle Patrick Paniter's name  His clerical appointments included the Prebendaries of Conveth and Croy, rectory of Kinnell, and canon of Moray  He was enrolled as Master of Arts at St Andrews University in 1520 
On 25 February 1537, James V of Scotland ordered the Court of Session to admit William to sit in daily at their proceedings to learn their legal practices  He became a Senator of the College of Justice 

Ane Resonyng
William Lamb wrote Ane Resonyng of ane Scottis and Inglis merchand betuix Rowand and Lionis in 1549  It was an answer to English propaganda published during the war of the Rough Wooing  Unlike the Complaynt of Scotland (Paris, 1549), Lamb's book was not published but survived in manuscript 
The arguments are set out as a dialogue between a Scot and an Englishmen who meet while travelling in France, with an appearance from Thomas More, John Fisher and Richard Reynolds of Sion, three English Catholic martyrs 

Footnotes

Lyall, Roderick J, ed , William Lamb - "Ane Resonyng" (Aberdeen University Press, 1985) 
Passage 5:
William Pooley
Sir William Pooley (died 5 August 1629) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1629 
Pooley was of Boxted, Suffolk and was knighted by James I  In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Preston  He was elected MP for both Preston and Sudbury in 1624 and chose to sit for Sudbury  In 1626 he was elected MP for Wigan  He was elected MP for Sudbury again in 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament, and then did so for eleven years His daughter Judith married Sir Humphrey May 
Passage 6:
William of March
William of March (or William March; died 1302) was a medieval Treasurer of England and a Bishop of Bath and Wells 

Life
William was always referred to as magister, and may have attended and graduated from Oxford University  He was controller of the wardrobe from 1283 to 1290 and Dean of St  Martin's-le-Grand before being selected as Treasurer in August 1290  He was Treasurer until he was dismissed in August 1295  While treasurer, he introduced the practice of keeping Exchequer Journal rolls, or as accountants know them day books, which recorded the total amount in the treasury at the start of each day along with all payments made that day  This practice began in 1293, and did not record any payments made before taxes arrived at the treasury William was a canon of Wells by 20 March 1291 and a royal clerk William was elected bishop on 30 January 1293 and consecrated on 17 May 1293  As treasurer he was instrumental in putting forward administrative changes in the way the department was run  For the first time, monies coming into the treasury were recorded on special accounts and the officials of the department became more involved in the collection and assessment of taxes and other varieties of income  However, in August 1295 William was dismissed as treasurer, although the financial policies did not change  It may be that King Edward I used March as a scapegoat, or it may be that some charges that citizens of London brought against the treasurer were felt to be valid  After his dismissal from the treasurership in 1295, he devoted himself to the care of his diocese, and was regarded as a pious bishop
Context 3: Passage 1:
Donnie Elbert
Donnie Elbert (May 25, 1936 – January 26, 1989) was an American soul singer and songwriter, who had a prolific career from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s  His U S  hits included "Where Did Our Love Go?" (1971), and his reputation as a Northern soul artist in the UK was secured by "A Little Piece of Leather", a performance highlighting his powerful falsetto voice 

Career
Elbert was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, but when aged three his family relocated to Buffalo, New York  He learned to play guitar and piano as a child, and in 1955 formed a doo-wop group, the Vibraharps, with friend Danny Cannon  Elbert acted as the group's guitarist, songwriter, arranger, and background vocalist, making his recording debut on their single "Walk Beside Me"  He left the group in 1957 for a solo career, and recorded a demonstration record that earned him a recording contract with the King label's DeLuxe subsidiary  His solo debut "What Can I Do?" reached #12 in the U S  R&B chart, and he followed it up with the less successful "Believe It or Not" and "Have I Sinned?", which became a regional hit in Pittsburgh He continued to release singles on DeLuxe, but with little commercial success, and also played New York's Apollo Theater and toured the Chitlin' Circuit of African-American owned nightclubs  After completing an album, The Sensational Donnie Elbert Sings, he left DeLuxe in 1959, joining first Red Top Records, where in 1960 he recorded "Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)", and then Vee-Jay Records, where he had another regional hit with "Will You Ever Be Mine?", which reportedly sold 250,000 copies in the Philadelphia area but failed to take off nationwide  His career was also interrupted by a spell in the US Army, from which he was discharged in 1961  He then recorded singles for several labels, including Parkway, Cub and Checker, but with little success  However, although the 1965 Gateway label release of "A Little Piece of Leather" failed to chart in the US, the record became a #27 pop hit when released on the London label in the UK several years later in 1972, and remains a Northern soul favorite Elbert relocated to the UK in 1966, where he married  There, he recorded "In Between The Heartaches" for the Polydor label in 1968, a cover version of the Supremes' hit "Where Did Our Love Go?" and an album of Otis Redding cover versions, Tribute To A King  His 1969 Deram release "Without You" had a rocksteady rhythm, and went to the top of the Jamaican charts 
He returned to the US the same year and had his first US chart hit in over a decade with the Rare Bullet release, "Can't Get Over Losing You", which reached #26 on the Billboard R&B chart  The track and its b-side, "Got To Get Myself Together", both written by Elbert, were released several times on different labels in subsequent years  After the success of that record, Elbert moved labels for a re-make of the Supremes' 1964 hit, "Where Did Our Love Go?" on All Platinum  It became his biggest hit, reaching #15 on the Billboard pop chart, #6 on the R&B chart, and (in 1972) #8 in the UK  Its follow-up, "Sweet Baby" reached #30 on the R&B chart in early 1972 
Elbert then signed with Avco-Embassy, where he entered the recording studio with the successful production team of Hugo & Luigi  His cover of the Four Tops' "I Can't Help Myself" reached #14 on the Billboard R&B chart, but climbed as high as #2 on the alternative Cashbox R&B chart  Elbert baulked at the label's insistence that he record material associated with Motown and departed with only a few tracks left to record for an album  Even so, the album was released after Avco sold it on to a budget label, Trip 
He returned to All Platinum and had a run of minor R&B hits, but left after a disagreement over the claimed authorship of Shirley & Company's R&B chart-topper "Shame Shame Shame", which was credited to label owner Sylvia Robinson  Elbert was also involved in a copyright wrangle over Darrell Banks' major R&B and pop hit in 1966, "Open The Door To Your Heart"  He had originally written the song as "Baby Walk Right In" (still its alternative legal title) and given it to Banks, but received no writing credit on the original record  Eventually, the matter was resolved by BMI with a disgruntled Elbert awarded joint authorship with Banks  "Open The Door" has since been given award-winning status by BMI and is one of over 100 songs written or co-written by Elbert 
For 1975's "You Keep Me Crying (With Your Lying)", Elbert formed his own label and "I Got to Get Myself Together", appeared on an imprint bearing his surname, but it was among his final recordings By the mid-1980s, Elbert had retired from performing and became director of A&R for Polygram's Canadian division  He suffered a massive stroke and died in 1989, at the age of 52 

Discography
Chart singles
Albums
The Sensational Donnie Elbert Sings (King, 1959)
Tribute to a King (1968)
Where Did Our Love Go? (All Platinum, 1971) U S  #153, R&B #45
Have I Sinned? (Deluxe, 1971)
Stop in the Name of Love (Trip, 1972)
A Little Bit of Leather (1972)
Roots of Donnie Elbert (Ember, 1973)
Dancin' the Night Away (All Platinum, 1977)

See also
List of disco artists (A-E)
Passage 2:
Brijlal Nehru
Brijalal Nehru (5 May 1884 – 27 May 1964) was a noted civil servant and member of the Nehru family 
He was the son of Pandit Nandlal Nehru (the elder brother of Motilal Nehru) and the cousin of Jawaharlal Nehru  Nandlal Nehru was Diwan of Khetri State for 11 years Brijlal was born on 5 May 1884 in Allahabad and he grew up in Anand Bhawan  Brijlal had been sent to Oxford in 1905 to compete for the Indian Civil Service by Motilal Nehru   He was a senior officer of the Audit and Accounts Service  After his retirement, he served Finance Minister of Princely State of Jammu & Kashmir during reign of Maharaja Hari Singh He was married to Rameshwari Raina, a noted social and women activist and a freedom fighter and recipient of Padma Bhushan in 1955, Later she also won the Lenin Peace Prize in 1961 Their son was Braj Kumar Nehru (1909-2001), an administrator and Padma Vibhushan recipient Brijlal died on 27 May 1964, the same day on which his illustrious cousin died 
Passage 3:
Yaya Soumahoro
Yaya Alfa Soumahoro (born 28 September 1989) is an Ivorian former professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder  
Having begun his career with Séwé Sports in his native country, he joined Thai club Muangthong United in 2008  His good performances earned him a move to K A A  Gent in 2010  He spent five and a half seasons with Gent but was plagued by recurring injuries throughout his time there  Following a half-season loan to Sint-Truidense V V , he returned to Muangthong United where did not feature  In 2018, he joined the Egyptian side Wadi Degla SC 

Early life
Soumahoro grew in the Ivorian capital Abidjan  He learned to play football in the streets and he decided to play for Séwé Sports  Soumahoro lost both parents at an early age and was taken care by a foster family 

Club career
Muangthong United
In 2008 Soumahoro moved to Thai Premier League side Muangthong United from Séwé Sports  He became a figurehead in this team, as he scored many goals and charmed the supporters with his numerous dribbles  He scored 32 goals in 72 games and helped the club win the Thai Premier League Championship Thai Division 1 League in 2008 and the Thai Premier League in 2009 

Gent
On 1 July 2010, Soumahoro joined Belgian club K A A  Gent on a three-year contract  On 22 August, he impressed in 3–1 league win against Charleroi scoring and assisting a goal each while also winning a penalty which Shlomi Arbeitman failed to convert  Four days later, he scored a goal to put Gent level on aggregate in a UEFA Europa League qualifying match against Feyenoord  His side went on to win 2–0 and qualify for the UEFA Europa League In September 2010, Soumahoro sustained a hamstring injury in a league match against Zulte Waregem and was substituted off after 73 minutes  It was announced he would be out of action for four weeks  In October 2010, he signed a one-year contract extension, tying him to the club until 2014 In April 2011, he received a three-match suspension In March 2012, it was announced Soumahoro would need to undergo surgery likely ruling him out for the rest of the 2012–13 season



ground_truth: East Francia

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who died first, Erich Haenisch or William Pooley?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: William died on 11 June 1302 although current historical research is challenging that date  He was buried at Wells Cathedral in the south transept wall on 17 June 1302  In 1325 there was a petition for him to be canonized, which continued to be supported by kings Edward II and Edward III  William is supposed to have built the chapter house at Wells  His will named a brother, John March, and a nephew, Robert Urry, to whom William left monies to go on crusade in William's name 

Citations
Passage 7:
William Middleton (bishop)
William Middleton (or William de Middleton; died 31 August or 1 September 1288) was a medieval Bishop of Norwich 

Life
Middleton began his career as a clerk in the Jewish exchequer in 1265  He was given custody of the rolls in 1276, and in 1277 was at the French royal court  He was an official of Canterbury when he was appointed Archdeacon of Canterbury by Archbishop Robert Kilwardby in October 1275  He may also have held a prebend in the diocese of London Middleton was elected on 24 February 1278 and was consecrated on 29 May 1278  He was enthroned at Norwich Cathedral on 27 November 1278  He continued to work on royal administrative business after his election and consecration In July 1287 Middleton was appointed to the offices of Seneschal of Gascony and Lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine  He died 31 August or 1 September 1288 

Citations
Passage 8:
William of St  Barbara
William of St  Barbara or William of Ste Barbe (died 1152) was a medieval Bishop of Durham 

Life
From William's name, it is presumed that he was a native of Sainte-Barbe-en-Auge in Calvados in Normandy (Neustria)  He was a canon of York Minster in 1128  He was Dean of York by December 1138 William was elected to the see of Durham on 14 March 1143 and consecrated on 20 June 1143  He was elected in opposition to William Cumin who had been intruded into the see by King David I of Scotland in 1141  Cumin was never consecrated and by 1143 had been excommunicated by Pope Innocent II who also ordered a new election to be held at York Minster  It was this election which selected William of St  Barbara  However, the new bishop was not able to enter Durham right away, and he was enthroned either on 18 October 1144 or shortly thereafter Troubles continued in Durham, and the bishop was unable to attend the Council of Rheims in 1148, which led to a suspension by the pope for inattendance  William supported Henry Murdac in the disputed election to the archbishopric of York, and it was probably Murdac who arranged for the suspension to be lifted  William also supported the Cistercians and the Augustinians, which perturbed  his cathedral chapter which was made up of Benedictine monks  He died 13 November 1152  A grave identified as his was excavated in the 19th century in the chapter house of  Durham Cathedral 

Citations
Passage 9:
W  Langdon Kihn
Wilfred (or William) Langdon Kihn (September 5, 1898 – December 12, 1957) was a portrait painter and illustrator specializing in portraits of American Indians 

Life and career
He was born in Brooklyn, New York, son of Alfred Charles Kihn and Carrie Lowe (Peck) Kihn   He attended Boys' High School in Brooklyn and was recognized there for his artistic talent He married Helen Van Tine Butler in 1920, and lived in Hadlyme and Moodus, Connecticut He studied with the Art Students League, 1916–17, and was a pupil of Homer Boss and Winold Reiss 

Motivated by a desire to document the disappearing aboriginal culture, he spent many years visiting and living with Indian tribes in the Western United States   In 1920, he was admitted to the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, under the name "Zoi-och-ka-tsai-ya," meaning "Chase Enemy in Water" In 1922, the New York Times described his work as follows:

Mr  Kihn's portraits are marvels of incisive characterization  These closely studied physiognomies show no trace of the sentimental idealization from which most painters of Indian subjects find it almost impossible to escape  Each is firm, clear, and direct, recording the subtle differences of aspect difficult enough to discern in races other than our own, and seizing the essential message of the face with youthful certainty and conviction 
Throughout his career, he also illustrated a number of books, including Indian Days in the Canadian Rockies by Marius Barbeau (1923) and Pocahontas and Her World by Frances Carpenter (1961)  Many of his illustrations featured colorful portraits, while children's story books such as Flat Tail by Alice Gall and Fleming Crew (1935) often featured line drawings 
Along with writer Donald Barr Chidsey, he was a Democratic candidate for the Connecticut House of Representatives from the town of Lyme, in the November 2, 1948 election He died in Lawrence Memorial Hospital, New London, Connecticut, after a short illness, and was buried in Cove Cemetery, Hadlyme, Connecticut 

Collections and exhibitions
His paintings were featured in one-man and group exhibitions in many different museums and galleries, starting in the early 1920s His work is in the permanent collections of, among others, the McCord Museum in Montreal, Quebec, and the Davison Art Center Gallery at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut In 2014, the Foosaner Art Museum at the Florida Institute of Technology hosted an exhibition of his works, featuring pictures from the Vancouver Art Gallery and the National Geographic Society and a private collector 

See also
Native Americans in the United States: Depictions by Europeans and Americans
Native Americans in popular culture
Elbridge Ayer Burbank
George Catlin
Seth and Mary Eastman
Paul Kane
Charles Bird King
Joseph Henry Sharp
John Mix Stanley

Sources
External links

W  Langdon Kihn page at the Smithsonian Institution's Archives of American Art
W  Langdon Kihn Papers at the Archives of American Art 
Exhibition portraits of American Indians, by W  Langdon Kihn (1922) at Archive org
Passage 10:
Frederick Pooley
Frederick William Pooley (7 April 1852 – 11 September 1905) was an English first-class cricketer active 1876–78 who played for Surrey  The brother of Ted Pooley, he was born in Richmond-upon-Thames; died in West Ham 
Context 3: In October 2013, he signed a two-year contract extension with Gent, keeping him at the club until 2016 On 20 September 2015, Soumahoro made his first starting appearance after an injury layoff in a league match against Standard Liège  He had to leave the pitch after twisting his knee  With his contract set to expire at the end of the 2015–16 season Gent were looking to transfer Soumahoro  He did not take part in the club's winter training camp and instead trained with the reserves in wait of contract offers from other clubs  On 8 January 2016, Soumahoro rejected a move involving a 2 5-year deal to Cypriot club Anorthosis Famagusta  On 12 January, he joined Gent's league rivals Sint-Truidense V V  on loan until the end of the season 

After Gent
In June 2016 Soumahoro returned to former club Muangthong United  Six months later, his contract was terminated after he had not made any appearances due to injury problems 
In July 2018, he trialled with Belgian First Division B side K S V  Roeselare  He sustained an injury in a friendly match with Crawley Town and was not signed by Roeselare In October 2018, Soumahoro joined Egyptian Premier League side Wadi Degla SC as a free agent 

Honours
Muangthong United

Thai Division 1 League: 2008
Thai Premier League: 2009Gent

Belgian Pro League: 2014–15
Belgian Super Cup: 2015
Passage 4:
Joseph J  Sullivan (vaudeville)
Joseph J  Sullivan was a blackface comedian and acrobat in New York   He composed the song Where Did You Get That Hat? and first performed it in 1888   It was a great success and he performed it many times thereafter 
Passage 5:
Robert Paul Smith
Robert Paul Smith (April 16, 1915 – January 30, 1977) was an American author, most famous for his classic evocation of childhood, Where Did You Go? Out  What Did You Do? Nothing 

Biography
Robert Paul Smith was born in Brooklyn, grew up in Mount Vernon, NY, and graduated from Columbia College in 1936  He worked as a writer for CBS Radio and wrote four novels: So It Doesn't Whistle (1946) (1941, according to Avon Publishing Co , Inc , reprint edition     Plus Blood in Their Veins copyright 1952); The Journey, (1943); Because of My Love (1946); The Time and the Place (1951) 
The Tender Trap, a play by Smith and Dobie Gillis creator Max Shulman, opened in 1954 with Robert Preston in the leading role  It was later made into a movie starring Frank Sinatra and Debbie Reynolds  A classic example of the "battle-of-the-sexes" comedy, it revolves around the mutual envy of a bachelor living in New York City and a settled family man living in the New York suburbs 
Where Did You Go? Out  What Did You Do? Nothing is a nostalgic evocation of the inner life of childhood  It advocates the value of privacy to children; the importance of unstructured time; the joys of boredom; and the virtues of freedom from adult supervision  He opens by saying "The thing is, I don't understand what kids do with themselves any more " He contrasts the overstructured, overscheduled, oversupervised suburban life of the child in the suburban 1950's with reminiscences of his own childhood  He concludes "I guess what I am saying is that people who don't have nightmares don't have dreams  If you will excuse me, I have an appointment with myself to sit on the front steps and watch some grass growing "
Translations from the English (1958) collects a series of articles originally published in Good Housekeeping magazine  The first, "Translations from the Children," may be the earliest known example of the genre of humor that consists of a series of translations from what is said (e g  "I don't know why  He just hit me") into what is meant (e g  "He hit his brother ")
How to Do Nothing With Nobody All Alone By Yourself (1958) is a how-to book, illustrated by Robert Paul Smith's wife Elinor Goulding Smith  It gives step-by-step directions on how to: play mumbly-peg; build a spool tank; make polly-noses; construct an indoor boomerang, etc  It was republished in 2010 by Tin House Books 

List of works
Essays and humor
Where Did You Go? Out  What Did You Do? Nothing (1957)Translations from the English (1958) Crank: A Book of Lamentations, Exhortations, Mixed Memories and Desires, All Hard Or Chewy Centers, No Creams(1962)How to Grow Up in One Piece (1963)Got to Stop Draggin’ that Little Red Wagon Around (1969)Robert Paul Smith’s Lost & Found (1973)

For children
Jack Mack, illus  Erik Blegvad (1960)When I Am Big, illus  Lillian Hoban (1965)Nothingatall, Nothingatall, Nothingatall, illus  Allan E  Cober (1965)How To Do Nothing With No One All Alone By Yourself, illus Elinor Goulding Smith (1958) Republished by Tin House Books (2010)

Novels
So It Doesn't Whistle (1941) The Journey (1943) Because of My Love (1946)The Time and the Place (1952)Where He Went: Three Novels (1958)

Theatre
The Tender Trap, by Max Shulman and Robert Paul Smith (first Broadway performance, 1954; Random House edition, 1955)

Verse
The Man with the Gold-headed Cane (1943)…and Another Thing (1959)

External links
An Interview, by Edward R Murrow on YouTube
Passage 6:
Andrew Allen (singer)
Andrew Allen (born 6 May 1981) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Vernon, British Columbia  He is signed to Sony/ATV and has released five top ten singles, and written and recorded many others, including Where Did We Go? with Carly Rae Jepsen  He also records covers and posts them on YouTube 

Background
Raised in British Columbia's Okanagan Valley, his acoustic pop/rock music is inspired by artists like Jason Mraz and Jack Johnson 

Career
Andrew Allen scored his first hit in 2009, when I Wanna Be Your Christmas cracked the Top Ten in his native Canada  He was honored as the feature performer for the Sochi 2014 hand off finale on the internationally broadcast Closing Ceremony of the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games held at Whistler, British Columbia  Allen continued building an international profile in 2010, and released his biggest single Loving You Tonight, which sold more than 100,000 copies worldwide, was featured on the Gold Selling NOW 37, hit #6 on the Canadian charts for 22 weeks in a row and #30 on the US Hot AC charts, and got him a record deal with Epic after spending much of that year on the road  Because of the song's attention, Allen had the opportunity to perform with some of the world's biggest artists like Bruno Mars, One Republic, The Barenaked Ladies, Train, Matt Nathanson, Joshua Radin, Andy Grammer, The Script, Nick Carter, Kris Allen, Carly Rae Jepsen and many others 
Loving You Tonight was also featured on the soundtrack of Abduction starring Taylor Lautner 

Collaborations
Andrew Allen is also well known in the songwriting community, and has written songs with artists like Meghan Trainor, Rachel Platten, Cody Simpson, Carly Rae Jepsen, Matt Simons, Conrad Sewell as well as writer/producers like Toby Gad, Ryan Stewart, Eric Rosse, Jason Reeves, John Shanks, Nolan Sipes, Mark Pellizzer (Magic), Brian West and Josh Cumbee  Numerous songs he has been a part of writing have been released by various artists, including Last Chance, which was on the Grammy nominated album Atmosphere by Kaskade feat  DJ Project 46, Ad Occhi Chiusi which was on the Double Platinum release by Italian artist Marco Mengoni and Maybe (which Allen also later released himself) released by teen pop sensation Daniel Skye, as well as many others 

Singles
I Wanna Be Your Christmas (2009)
Loving You Tonight (2010)
I Want You (2011)
Where Did We Go? (2012)
Satellite (2012)
Play with Fire (2013)
Thinking About You (2014)
What You Wanted (2016)
Favorite Christmas Song (2017)
Maybe (2017)

Discography
The Living Room Sessions (2008)
Andrew Allen EP (2009)
The Mix Tape (2012)
Are We Cool? (2013)
All Hearts Come Home (2014)
The Writing Room (2020)
12:34 (2022; pre-released on vinyl in 2021)

Songwriting credits
Last Chance released by Kaskade featuring Project 46 on his Grammy nominated record Atmosphere 
Ad Occhi Chiusi released by Marco Mengoni on his Double Platinum record 
Reasons released by Project 46 
No Ordinary Angel released by Nick Howard from The Voice Germany 
Million Dollars released by Nick Howard from The Voice Germany 
Maybe released by Daniel Skye 
Passage 7:
Braj Kumar Nehru
Braj Kumar Nehru MBE, ICS (4 September 1909 – 31 October 2001) was an Indian diplomat and Ambassador of India to the United States (1961–1968) He was the son of Brijlal Nehru and Rameshwari Nehru and first cousin once removed of India's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru



ground_truth: William Pooley

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did Rameshwari Nehru's husband graduate from?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 

Personal life
Braj Kumar Nehru was born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India and was son of Brijlal Nehru and Rameshwari Nehru  He was educated at the Allahabad University (India), the London School of Economics and at Oxford University  He was awarded the Doctor of Literature degree by the University of Punjab, for his distinguished services in various fields  His grandfather, Pandit Nandlal Nehru, was the elder brother of Pandit Motilal Nehru  He was the cousin to the erstwhile Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi (née Nehru)  In 1935, Nehru married Magdolna Friedman (5 December 1908, Budapest, Austria-Hungary - 25 April 2017, Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, India), a fellow student in the UK who was of an Hungarian Jewish background  The ill-treatment of the Jewish community in Europe prompted her father to change her name to Magdolna Forbath  Her nickname was Fori   After marriage, she changed her name to Shobha Nehru 

Career
National
He joined the Indian Civil Service in 1934 and rose to be governor of seven different states of India  From 1934 to 1937 he held various government positions in the province of Punjab  Nehru became the secretary of economic affairs in 1957  He was appointed Commissioner General for Economic Affairs (external financial relations) of India in 1958  He was Governor of Jammu and Kashmir (1981–84), Assam (1968–73), Gujarat (1984–86), Nagaland (1968–73), Meghalaya (1970–73), Manipur (1972–73) and Tripura (1972–73)  He was transferred overnight as the Governor of Jammu & Kashmir to Gujarat after he refused to help Indira Gandhi in destabilising the Farooq Abdullah government 

International
Nehru worked as executive director in the World Bank (1949) and was Economic Minister at the Indian Embassy in Washington (1954)  He helped to create the Aid India Club in 1958, which was a consortium of donor nations that committed to donate $2 million for the development of India  He also served as a diplomat, as ambassador to several countries and was offered the post of secretary-general of the United Nations in 1951, but declined  Nehru was also the Indian High Commissioner in London from 1973 to 1977  Braj was chairman of the United Nations Investment committee for 14 years  He represented India in the 'Sterlings balances' negotiations with Britain at the post-Second World War reparations conference 

Writer
Nehru wrote an autobiography titled Nice Guys Finish Second  Mr  Ramesh Kumar Saxena, who worked for him for 35 years, helped writing his biography 

Awards
He was appointed an MBE in the 1945 New Year Honours  He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1999 The speech "Civil Service in Transition" delivered at the India International Center in New Delhi on 15 October 1999 describes the need and the role played by a strong civil service  It also details the causes for the prevalent corruption in India's political system and civil services 

Death
Nehru died in Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, India on 31 October 2001 at the age of 92  His body was cremated in Delhi & the memorial service was held amongst the chanting of mantras from the holy scriptures 
Passage 8:
Nancy Baron
Nancy Baron is an American rock singer who was active in New York City in the early 1960s, known for the singles "Where Did My Jimmy Go?" and "I've Got A Feeling" 

Early life
Born into a family of singers and writers, Baron was introduced to many musical genres by her family at an early age  Noting her singing talents, her parents brought their young child to auditions for musical theater productions in New York City  The singer joined Glee clubs at school and formed her own female singing groups at school  At the age of 11, she heard her first "Rock and Roll" song  This affected her taste in music and desire to emulate the style; it was the first time she heard a Rock group with a female lead singer  This was significant since she realized that she could be a lead singer 

Recording career
At the age of 15, her parents sent her for vocal coaching in Manhattan, N Y  After a while her coach sent her to record a demonstration record in a sound studio near Broadway  Upon hearing her sing, the sound engineer contacted his friend who was a producer of a small record company in N Y C ; he was impressed by her voice and immediately signed her to a contract  The singer's mother co-signed the document since Baron was a fifteen-year-old minor at the time Baron became one of the many girl group/girl sound singers of the early 1960s  Baron was not a member of a group; her producers would hire "pay for hire" backup groups for her recordings  This "sound" as it is referred to had much to do with Phil Spector, one of its major creators; Spector produced recordings of this genre prolifically  The groups were composed of young adult or teenage girls, each with a lead singer and any number of back up singers At the time, the troubled label (a small N Y C  record company owned by Wally Zober) could not promote Baron's "I've Got A Feeling"/"Oh Yeah" 45 vinyl and so she eventually signed a contract with Jerry Goldstein producer of FGG productions, also located in Manhattan  "Where Did My Jimmy Go"/"Tra la la, I Love You" was the result (Diamond) 

Later life
Baron left the music industry at the age of 19, choosing to enter higher education due to changes in the music industry of those days; she eventually received an advanced degree 
Baron's "I've Got a Feeling" was covered by The Secret Sisters on their 2010 self-titled album as well as being released as a single  AllMusic describes Baron's song as "an early-'60s pop/rock obscurity" 
Passage 9:
Rameshwari Nehru
Rameshwari Nehru (née Rameshwari Raina; 10 December 1886 – 8 November 1966) was a social worker of India  She worked for the upliftment of the poorer classes and of women  In 1902, she married Brijlal Nehru, a nephew of Motilal Nehru and cousin of the first prime minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru  Her son Braj Kumar Nehru was an Indian civil servant who served as governor of several states 
She edited Stri Darpan, a Hindi monthly for women, from 1909 to 1924  She was one of the founders of All India Women's Conference (AIWC) and was elected its president in 1942  She led delegations to the  World Women's Congress in Copenhagen and the first Afro-Asian Women's Conference in Cairo (1961) Nehru was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India for her social work, in 1955, and won the Lenin Peace Prize in 1961 She was one of the signatories of the Agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution  As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt a Constitution for the Federation of Earth 
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Benny Rubinstein
Benny Rubinstein (בני רובינשטיין) is an Israeli former footballer and current real estate developer  He played soccer for Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Netanya  At the 1969 Maccabiah Games, Rubinstein played soccer for Israel, winning a gold medal 

Biography
Rubinstein was born in Netanya, Israel  His wife is Sarah Rubinstein  Benny's son, Aviram also played football for Maccabi Netanya He played soccer for Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Netanya  At the 1969 Maccabiah Games, Rubinstein played soccer for Israel, winning a gold medal Rubinstein then worked as a real estate agent, and now works in real estate development 

Honours
Israeli Premier League (1):
1970-71



ground_truth: Oxford