prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the spouse of the director of film Soldier (1998 American Film)?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Adib Kheir
Adib Kheir (Arabic: أديب الخير) was a leading Syrian nationalist of the 1920s  He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle in Damascus  His granddaughter is the spouse of Manaf Tlass 
Passage 2:
Mehdi Abrishamchi
Mehdi Abrishamchi (Persian: مهدی ابریشم‌چی born in 1947 in Tehran) is a high-ranking member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) 

Early life
Abrishamchi came from a well-known anti-Shah bazaari family in Tehran, and participated in June 5, 1963, demonstrations in Iran  He became a member of Hojjatieh, and left it to join the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in 1969  In 1972 he was imprisoned for being a MEK member, and spent time in jail until 1979 

Career
Shortly after Iranian Revolution, he became one of the senior members of the MEK  He is now an official in the National Council of Resistance of Iran 

Electoral history
Personal life
Abrishamchi was married to Maryam Rajavi from 1980 to 1985  Shortly after, he married Mousa Khiabani's younger sister Azar 

Legacy
Abrishamchi credited Massoud Rajavi for saving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran after the "great schism" 
Passage 3:
Heather D  Gibson
Heather Denise Gibson (Greek: Χέδερ Ντενίζ Γκίμπσον) is a Scottish economist currently serving as Director-Advisor to the Bank of Greece (since 2011)  She was the spouse of Euclid Tsakalotos, former Greek Minister of Finance 

Academic career
Before assuming her duties at the Bank of Greece and alternating child-rearing duties with her husband, Gibson worked at the University of Kent, where she published two volumes on international exchange rate mechanisms and wrote numerous articles on this and other topics, sometimes in cooperation with her husband, who was teaching at Kent at the time 

Personal life
Gibson first came to Greece in 1993, with her husband, with whom she took turns away from their respective economic studies to raise their three children while the other worked The couple maintain two homes in Kifisia, along with an office in Athens and a vacation home in Preveza  In 2013, this proved detrimental to Tsakalotos and his party when his critics began calling him «αριστερός αριστοκράτης» (aristeros aristokratis, "aristocrat of the left"), while newspapers opposed to the Syriza party seized on his property holdings as a chance to accuse the couple of hypocrisy for enjoying a generous lifestyle in private while criticizing the "ethic of austerity" in public  One opposition newspaper published on the front page criticism reasoning that Tsakalotos own family wealth came from the same sort of investments in companies as made by financial institutions JP Morgan and BlackRock 

Works
Editor
Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece

Books
The Eurocurrency Markets, Domestic Financial Policy and International Instability (London, etc , Longman: 1989) ISBN 0312028261
International Finance: Exchange Rates and Financial Flows in the International Financial System (London, etc , Longman: 1996) ISBN 0582218136
Economic Transformation, Democratization and Integration into the European Union (London: Palgrave Macmillan: 2001) ISBN 9780333801222

Articles and papers
"Fundamentally Wrong: Market Pricing of Sovereigns and the Greek Financial Crisis," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol  39(PB), pp  405–419 (with Stephen G  & Tavlas, George S , 2014)
"Capital flows and speculative attacks in prospective EU member states" (with Euclid Tsakalotos, Economics of Transition Volume 12, Issue 3, pages 559–586, September 2004)
"A Unifying Framework for Analysing Offsetting Capital Flows and Sterilisation: Germany and the ERM" (with Sophocles Brissimis & Euclid Tsakalotos, International Journal of Finance & Economics, 2002, vol  7, issue 1, pp  63–78)
"Internal vs External Financing of Acquisitions: Do Managers Squander Retained Profits" (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, Studies in Economics, 1996; Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2000)
"Are Aggregate Consumption Relationships Similar Across the European Union" (with Alan Carruth & Euclid Tsakalotos, Regional Studies, Volume 33, Issue 1, 1999)
Takeover Risk and the Market for Corporate Control: The Experience of British Firms in the 1970s and 1980 (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, 1998) PDF
"The Impact of Acquisitions on Company Performance: Evidence from a Large Panel of UK Firms" (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, Oxford Economic Papers New Series, Vol  49, No  3 (Jul , 1997), pp  344–361)
"Short-Termism and Underinvestment: The Influence of Financial Systems" (with Andrew Dickerson and Euclid Tsakalotos, The Manchester School of Economic & Social Studies, 1995, vol  63, issue 4, pp  351–67)
"Testing a Flow Model of Capital Flight in Five European Countries" (with Euclid Tsakalotos, The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, Volume 61, Issue 2, pp  144–166, June 1993)
Full list of articles by Heather D Gibson  researchgate net  Recovered 7 July 2015
Passage 4:
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Maria Teresa (born María Teresa Mestre y Batista; 22 March 1956) is the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as the wife of Grand Duke Henri, who acceded to the throne in 2000 

Early life and education
Maria Teresa was born on 22 March 1956 in Marianao, Havana, Cuba, to José Antonio Mestre y Álvarez (1926–1993) and wife  María Teresa Batista y Falla de Mestre (1928–1988), both from bourgeois families of Spanish descent  She is also the granddaughter of Agustín Batista y González de Mendoza, who was the founder of the Trust Company of Cuba, the most powerful Cuban bank prior to the Cuban Revolution In October 1959, at the time of the Cuban Revolution, Maria Teresa Mestre’s parents left Cuba with their children, because the new government headed by Fidel Castro confiscated their properties  The family settled in New York City,  where as a young girl she was a pupil at Marymount School  From 1961 she carried on her studies at the Lycée Français de New York  In her childhood, Maria Teresa Mestre took ballet and singing courses  She practices skiing, ice-skating and water sports  She later lived in Santander, Spain, and in Geneva, Switzerland, where she became a Swiss citizen In 1980, Maria Teresa graduated from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva with a degree in political sciences  While studying there, she met her future husband Henri of Luxembourg 

Social and humanitarian interests
Soon after her marriage, Maria Teresa and the then Hereditary Grand Duke Henri established The Prince Henri and Princess Maria Teresa Foundation to help those with special needs integrate fully into society  In 2001, she and her husband created The Grand Duke and Grand Duchess Foundation, launched upon the accession of the couple as the new Grand Duke and Duchess of Luxembourg  In 2004, the Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess Maria Teresa Foundation was created after the merging of the two previous foundations 
In 1997, Maria Teresa was made a special ambassador for UNESCO, working to expand education for young girls and women and help to fight poverty Since 2005, Maria Teresa has been the chairwoman of the international jury of the European Microfinance Award, which annually awards holders of microfinance and inclusive finance initiatives in developing countries  Also, since 2006, Maria Teresa has been honorary president of the LuxFLAG (Luxembourg Fund Labeling Agency), the first agency to label responsible microfinance investment funds around the world On 19 April 2007, the Grand Duchess was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008), and Burundi (2009) She is a member of the Honorary Board of the International Paralympic Committee and a patron of the Ligue Luxembourgeoise de Prévention et d’Action medico-sociales and SOS Villages d’Enfants Monde  The Grand Duchess and her husband Grand Duke Henri are the members of the Mentor Foundation (London), created under the patronage of the World Health Organization  She is also the president of the Luxembourg Red Cross and the Cancer Foundation  In 2016, she organized the first international forum on learning disabilities in Luxembourg The Grand Duchess supports the UNESCO “Breaking the Poverty Cycle of Women” project in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan  The purpose of this project is to improve the living conditions of girls, women and their families  As honorary president of her own foundation, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa set up a project called Projet de la Main Tendue after visiting the Bujumbura prison in 2009 in Burundi  The purpose of this project is to liberate minor people from prison and to give them new opportunities for their future 
In October 2016, Maria Teresa accepted an invitation to join the eminent international Council of Patrons of the Asian University for Women (AUW) in Chittagong, Bangladesh  The university, which is the product of east-west foundational partnerships (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Society Foundation, IKEA Foundation, etc ) and regional cooperation, serves extraordinarily talented women from 15 countries across Asia and the Middle East In 2019, Maria Teresa presented her initiative "Stand Speak Rise Up!" to end sexual violence in fragile environments, launched in cooperation with the Women’s Forum and with the support of the Luxembourg government  The conference is in partnership with the Dr  Denis Mukwege Foundation and We Are Not Weapons of War In 2020 the Prime Minister of Luxembourg commissioned a report into the Cour le Grand Ducal following concerns over its working  The report found that up to 1/3 of employees had left since 2015 and that "The most important decisions in the field of personnel management, whether at the level of recruitment, assignment to the various departments or even at the dismissal level are taken by HRH the Grand Duchess ” Several newspaper reports at the time highlighted a 'culture of fear' around the Grand Duchess and "that no-one bar the Prime Minister dared confront her"  The report also raised concerns about the use of public funds to pay for the Grand Duchess' personal website and that this had been prioritised over the Cour's own official website  There were also allegations that staff at the Court has been subject to physical abuse and these reports were investigated by the Luxembourg judicial police 
In February 2023 it was reported by several Luxembourg based media that the Grand Duchess had once again been accused of treating staff poorly during an outfit fitting in October 22  The incident even involved the Prime Minister of Luxembourg having to speak to the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess about the treatment of the staff and commissioning a report into it 

Family
Maria Teresa married Prince Henri of Luxembourg in a civil ceremony on 4 February 1981 and a religious ceremony on 14 February 1981, since Valentine's Day was their favourite holiday  The consent of the Grand Duke had been previously given on 7 November 1980  She received a bouquet of red roses and a sugarcane as a wedding gift from Cuban leader, Fidel Castro  The couple has five children: Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince Félix of Luxembourg, Prince Louis of Luxembourg, Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, and Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg, They were born at Maternity Hospital in Luxembourg City 

Honours
National
Luxembourg:
 Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
 Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau

Foreign
Austria: Grand Star  of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold I
 Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
 Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant
 Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
 France: Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit
 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence
 Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 Japan: Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
 Latvia: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars
 Netherlands:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
 Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav
Portugal-
 Portuguese Royal Family:
Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel
 Portugal:
Grand Cross of the Order of Christ
Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Grand Cross of the Order of Infante Henry
Grand Cross of the Order of Camões
 Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
 Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III
 Sweden:
Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star
Recipient of the 50th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf

Footnotes
External links
 Media related to Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg at Wikimedia Commons
Official website
The Mentor Foundation charity website
Passage 5:
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (1875–1964)
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (German: Auguste Maria Luise Prinzessin von Bayern; 28 April 1875 – 25 June 1964) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and the spouse of Archduke Joseph August of Austria 

Birth and family
Auguste was born in Munich, Bavaria, the second child of Prince Leopold of Bavaria and his wife, Archduchess Gisela of Austria  She had one older sister, Princess Elisabeth Marie of Bavaria and two younger brothers, Prince Georg of Bavaria and Prince Konrad of Bavaria 

Marriage and issue
She married Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, on 15 November 1893 in Munich  The couple had six children;

Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, born on 28 March 1895; died on 25 September 1957(1957-09-25) (aged 62)
Archduchess Gisela Auguste Anna Maria, born on 5 July 1897; died on 30 March 1901(1901-03-30) (aged 3)
Archduchess Sophie Klementine Elisabeth Klothilde Maria, born on 11 March 1899; died on 19 April 1978(1978-04-19) (aged 79)
Archduke Ladislaus Luitpold, born on 3 January 1901; died on 29 August 1946(1946-08-29) (aged 44)
Archduke Matthias Joseph Albrecht Anton Ignatius, born on 26 June 1904; died on 7 October 1905(1905-10-07) (aged 1)
Archduchess Magdalena Maria Raineria, born on 6 September 1909; died on 11 May 2000(2000-05-11) (aged 90)

Ancestry
World War I
On the outbreak of war with Italy in 1915, Augusta Maria Louise, though in her 40s and the mother of a son serving as an officer, went to the front with the cavalry regiment of which her husband, the Archduke Josef August, a corps commander, was honorary colonel, and served a common soldier, wearing a saber and riding astride, until the end of the war 
Passage 6:
Soldier (1998 American film)
Soldier is a 1998 American science fiction action film directed by Paul W  S  Anderson, written by David Webb Peoples, and starring Kurt Russell, Jason Scott Lee, Jason Isaacs, Connie Nielsen, Sean Pertwee and Gary Busey  The film tells the story of a highly skilled and emotionally distant soldier who is left for dead, befriends a group of refugees, then faces his former superiors who are determined to eliminate them 
The film was released worldwide on October 23, 1998  Upon its release, Soldier received generally negative reviews, although many praised the action sequences and Russell's performance  The film was a box-office bomb, grossing $14 million worldwide against a production budget of $60 million 

Plot
In 1996, as part of a new military training program, a group of orphaned infants are selected shortly after birth and raised as highly disciplined soldiers with no understanding of anything but military routine  They are trained to be ruthless professionals, and anyone considered physically or mentally unworthy is executed  The survivors are turned into ultimate fighting machines, but have no understanding of the outside world 
In 2036, Sgt  Todd 3465 is a hardened veteran and one of the original 1996 infants, but his unit is about to be replaced by a superior one, with the original unit likely to be deactivated  Colonel Mekum, leader of the original project, introduces a new group of genetically engineered soldiers, designed with superior physical attributes and a complete lack of emotion, except complete aggression 
Captain Church, the commander of Todd's unit, insists on testing the new soldiers' abilities against his own  One new soldier, Caine 607, easily defeats three of the original soldiers, but Todd gouges out Caine's eye before falling from a great height; the body of a dead soldier cushions his fall, and he is knocked unconscious  Mekum orders their bodies disposed of like garbage, declaring them obsolete, while the remaining older soldiers are demoted to menial support roles 
Dumped on Arcadia 234, a waste disposal planet, Todd limps toward a colony whose residents crash-landed there years earlier; as they were believed dead, no rescue missions have been attempted  Todd is sheltered by Mace and his wife Sandra  Though they try to make him welcome, Todd has difficulty adapting to the community due to his extreme conditioning and their conflict-free lives  While Todd develops a silent rapport with their mute son, Nathan, who had been traumatized by a snakebite as an infant, he soon begins to experience flashbacks from his time as a soldier and mistakes one of the colonists for an enemy, nearly killing him  To make matters worse, in a later conflict with a coiled snake, Todd forces Nathan to face it down and strike back to protect himself  His parents disapprove of the lesson, unsure of how to deal with Todd 
Fearful, the colonists expel Todd from the community  Experiencing strong emotion for the first time, Todd appears confused when he is overcome by loss and cries for the first time  A short time later, Mace and Sandra are almost bitten by a snake while they sleep, but they are saved by Nathan, who uses Todd's technique  Now understanding the value of Todd's lesson, they seek him to reintegrate him into the community, but the others resist 
The new genetically engineered soldiers arrive on the garbage planet, and, since the world is listed as uninhabited, Colonel Mekum decides to use the colonists' community as the target in a training exercise  The soldiers spot Mace and kill him just after he finds Todd  Though out-manned and outgunned, Todd's years of battle experience and superior knowledge of the planet allow him to return to the colony and kill the advance squad  Nervous that an unknown enemy force may be confronting them, Colonel Mekum orders the soldiers to withdraw and return with heavy artillery  Using guerrilla tactics, Todd outmaneuvers and defeats all of the remaining soldiers, including Caine 607, whom he defeats in vicious hand-to-hand combat 
Panicking, Mekum orders the transport ship's crew, composed of Todd's old squad, to set up and activate a portable doomsday device powerful enough to destroy the planet  He orders the ship to lift off, leaving the squad behind  When Captain Church objects, Mekum shoots him in cold blood  Before they can take off as planned, Todd appears, and his old comrades silently side with him over the army that has discarded them, and take over the ship  They leave Mekum and his aides on the planet and evacuate the remaining colonists  In an attempt to disarm the device, Mekum accidentally sets it off, killing him and his aides  Todd pilots the ship from Arcadia just ahead of the shockwave and sets course for the Trinity Moons, the colonists' original destination  He picks up Nathan and points to their new destination, while looking out upon the galaxy 

Cast
Production
Development and writing
The script was 15 years old at the time of production Kurt Russell spoke only 104 words in the entire movie despite being in 85% of the scenes  During the first week of shooting he broke his left ankle, then the top of his right foot four days later, so the entire production needed to be rescheduled  The filmmakers first shot scenes involving Russell lying down, followed by scenes of Russell sitting, Russell standing but not moving, and so on 

Release
Home media
Soldier  was released on VHS and DVD on March 2, 1999, and on Blu-ray on July 26, 2011 

Reception
Box office
Soldier grossed $14 6 million in the United States 

Critical response
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 15% approval rating based on 53 reviews and an average rating of 3 8/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "A boring genre film and a waste of a good set " Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale Bruce Westbrook of the Houston Chronicle commented that "the action is handled fairly well, but it's routine, and there's no satisfaction in seeing Todd waste men who are no more bloodthirsty than he is " Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly criticized the film's overuse of genre clichés, saying "any cliché you can dream up for a futuristic action movie, any familiar big-budget epic you can think to rip off, Soldier has gotten there first " Michael Wilmington of the Chicago Tribune described the film as "a big, clanging, brutal actioner in which we search the murk in vain for the sparks of humanity the moviemakers keep promising us " Lisa Alspector of the Chicago Reader found the film to be enjoyable, calling Russell's performance "persuasive" and saying "this appealing formulaic action adventure displays a lot of conviction in its not-too-flashy action scenes and a little levity in the gradual socialization of Russell's character " Similarly, Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a rating of 3 5 out of 5 and called it "a potent comic-book-style action-adventure "

Connection with Blade Runner franchise
Soldier was written by David Peoples, who co-wrote the script for the 1982 film Blade Runner  He considers Soldier to be a "spin-off sidequel"-spiritual successor to Blade Runner, seeing both films as existing in a shared fictional universe  The film obliquely refers to various elements of stories written by Philip K  Dick (who wrote the 1968 novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, on which Blade Runner is based), or film adaptations thereof  A Spinner from Blade Runner can be seen in the wreckage on the junk planet in the film and Russell’s character is shown to have fought in the battles referenced in Roy Batty’s (Rutger Hauer) dying monologue: the Shoulder of Orion and Tannhäuser Gate 
Passage 7:
Paul W  S  Anderson
Paul William Scott Anderson (born 4 March 1965) is an English filmmaker who regularly works in science fiction films and video game adaptations 
Anderson made his feature film debut with the British independent film Shopping (1994), and found commercial success with his second film, the Hollywood-produced Mortal Kombat (1995), based on the first couple of video games of the same name by Midway Games  He is best known as the creative voice behind the first six films of the Resident Evil film series (2002–2016), which stars Milla Jovovich (whom he married in 2009), and is based on the Capcom video game series of the same name  The series's first six films, of which Anderson directed four, have collectively grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the most commercially successful video game adaptation of all time  Other of Anderson's notable films are Event Horizon (1997), an initial critical and commercial disappointment that found renewed appreciation on home media; Alien vs  Predator (2004), based on the crossover concept of the same name between the Alien and Predator franchises; and Death Race (2008), a remake/prequel to 1975's Death Race 2000 
Anderson and producer Jeremy Bolt founded Impact Pictures in 1992, under which most of Anderson's films have been made 

Early life
Anderson was born in Wallsend, Northumberland, England  At the age of nine, he started making films with a Super-8 camera  After attending Newlands Preparatory School, Gosforth and Newcastle's Royal Grammar School, he became the youngest person ever to graduate from the University of Warwick, with a B A  in film and literature 

Career
Anderson began his professional career as a writer on the British crime drama film comedy series El C I D , which ran for three series, from 1990 to 1992, and starred Alfred Molina in its first two  He met producer Jeremy Bolt and they founded Impact Pictures in 1992, looking to raise money for Anderson's feature film debut as director, from an action crime drama script of his own, called Shopping  After much trouble securing funding, Shopping, which stars Sean Pertwee, Jude Law (in his first feature film role) and Sadie Frost, was released in the United Kingdom in 1994  The censors of the British Board of Film Classification were not happy with the film's violence of and delayed its release for months  When it was eventually released, critics panned it and some cinemas decided to ban it for promoting an "irresponsible" outlook  In the United States it received only an edited, direct-to-video release two years later  Anderson credits Shopping for inspiring Channel Four Films, who had financed it, to also finance the more successful Shallow Grave and Trainspotting films by Danny Boyle, which in turn, he believes, made critics reassess his film in more positive light in later years, as one of the first in a new wave of British films concerning its youth  Shopping is Anderson's one and only British film, as he grew up watching American and mainland European movies, never imagining himself a British filmmaker  When Shopping was accepted in the Sundance Film Festival, American studios noticed its impressive look and style despite its relatively small $2 million budget, which led to opportunies in Hollywood for Anderson 

Mortal Kombat and commercial success
Anderson directed the fantasy martial arts video game adaptation Mortal Kombat in 1995  Using a script written by Kevin Droney, the film was based on the first entry in the video game franchise by Midway Games, Mortal Kombat, although elements and characters were borrowed from the original game's sequel, Mortal Kombat II  The film featured an ensemble cast, including Robin Shou as Liu Kang and Christopher Lambert as Raiden  Anderson became interested in the project because he often played the game at arcades  The production company decided to hire him based on the accomplished visual flair of Shopping, which was filmed on a very low budget  Anderson, who at the time knew nothing about visual effects or fight scenes, had to study every book on visual effects that he could find, and learned about filming the fight scenes while they were being shot, often consulting those who were experienced in fight choreography on set, such as Shou  The film underwent extensive reshoots in order to add additional fights based on feedback from test screenings, which were attended by fans of the video game franchise  The production company decided to release Mortal Kombat in August 1995, in the hope that the film would become a summer blockbuster  Previous video game adaptations, such as Super Mario Bros , Double Dragon, and Street Fighter had received particularly negative reviews; although Street Fighter was a commercial success, Double Dragon failed to break even, while Super Mario Bros  became a notorious box-office bomb  Mortal Kombat was better received by critics, who gave it a mixed to negative reception  Critics praised the atmosphere, visuals, and fighting sequences, but criticized the plot, dialogue, and acting  It fared better with audiences and fans of the video games, and scored a high A− on a CinemaScore poll  As a result, it spent three weeks as the highest-grossing film at the US box office, and earned over $122 million worldwide, produced on a budget of $18 million  It proved a major success for Anderson, and has been recognised one of the first financially successful film adaptations of a video game  Anderson and most cast members, including Lambert, declined to return for the sequel, Mortal Kombat: Annihilation, which, when released, was critically panned and underperformed at the box office 

Event Horizon, Soldier and The Sight
The success of Mortal Kombat gave Anderson free rein to choose his next project, the science fiction action film Soldier, written by Blade Runner screenwriter David Peoples  Peoples' script—and eventually the film itself—contains references to his work on Blade Runner, and can be considered to be taking place in the same universe, as a sidequel or standalone sequel of sorts  Kurt Russell became attached to star, but decided to take some time off to build up his body, as required by the role, which delayed the production  In the meantime, Anderson directed the 1997 science fiction horror film Event Horizon, written by Philip Eisner and starring Laurence Fishburne and Sam Neill  Despite praise for its visuals and production design, it was not well received by critics or audiences (D+ on a Cinemascore poll), and failed to break even, which Anderson blamed on a tight post-production schedule and studio-enforced cuts  It later sold well on home video and gained a small cult following  Plans to complete a director's cut restoring the deleted footage were abandoned when it was discovered that most of it had been lost or degraded  Soldier was eventually completed and released in 1998, but was a critical and commercial disaster, making less than $15 million in the US, on a budget of $60 million, and releasing straight-to-video in several other markets  Anderson has expressed his regret that the planned location shoots had to be changed to studio soundstages due to the El Niño hurricane, which ended up compromising the film's look  He also verbalized his disappointment with Warner Bros , whom he believes tried to market the film to the same male teen audience as Mortal Kombat, rather than to grown-up audiences, including women After his last two films' poor performances, Anderson was forced to put his planned remake of the cult film Death Race 2000 on hold, and he set about writing and directing the 2000 supernatural mystery drama TV film The Sight, starring Andrew McCarthy  It was meant as a pilot for a potential series, but despite achieving high ratings  it was not picked up  Anderson made his earlier films as "Paul Anderson", the name he registered with the Directors Guild of America, but with The Sight he began crediting himself as "Paul W  S  Anderson", as filmmaker Paul Thomas Anderson had registered himself with the Writers Guild of America as "Paul Anderson", making it impossible for either of them to both write and direct films as "Paul Anderson" 

Resident Evil, Alien vs  Predator and Death Race
Anderson returned to cinema screens in 2002 with Resident Evil, a science fiction action horror film loosely based on the Capcom video game series of the same name  Anderson came up with the idea of adapting the games after playing the first couple of them for days in his apartment  Because Constantin Film, who had acquired the rights to the series, were not willing to spend more money than they already had on failed attempts (including a script by George A  Romero), Anderson convinced them to write the script, titled The Undead, on spec  If they liked it, he would sell it to them as a Resident Evil film; if not, he would take it elsewhere and try to make it unrelated to the games  He saw the film as a prequel of sorts to the first game in the series, and as such did not include any of the games' characters, a fact criticized by fans  Instead, it stars Milla Jovovich as an original character, Alice  Jovovich is the only actor that reprised her role in all of the series' six films  In comparison to Anderson's previous two films, Resident Evil was produced on a moderate budget of $33 million and became a commercial success with a little over $100 million at the box office  It also performed strongly on home media  Critically, Resident Evil was not received well, although, similarly to Mortal Kombat, some reviews characterized it as one of the better attempts at adapting a video game  It received the "fair" rating of B by audiences on a Cinemascore poll  Its relative popularity made Capcom put homages to it in video games Resident Evil 4 and Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles  Anderson did not direct, but he wrote, produced, and was otherwise heavily involved with the making of two sequels, Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004) and Resident Evil: Extinction (2007), which completed the first of the eventual two trilogies of Resident Evil films  In these two sequels, Anderson began to introduce characters from the games, albeit in supporting roles compared to Alice  Both films received similarly negative reviews to the first, but were even bigger commercial successes Anderson's next project was Alien vs  Predator, based on the crossover concept of the same name of the Alien and Predator franchises, popularized by a series of Dark Horse comics and hinted at in Predator 2  A film version had been stuck in development hell for several years, despite the franchise's crossing into every other form of media, from books to comics to video games  Anderson directed the film from a script of his own, and it was released in 2004  It received negative reviews, and a B on a Cinemascore poll by audiences  It was a big commercial success, however, grossing somewhat over $170 million on a $60 million budget  A sequel was made, Aliens vs  Predator: Requiem, in which Anderson was not involved, and which failed to match Anderson's film's commercial or even critical performance, a fact that Anderson has used to defend his film After completing Alien vs  Predator, Anderson resumed work on his planned remake of Death Race 2000, which was released as Death Race in 2008  The science fiction action thriller stars Jason Statham, and Anderson directed it based on his own screenplay  He refers to it as more of a prequel than a remake on the commentary of the home video releases  It received an average reception by critics, and scored a solid B+ on a Cinemascore poll  It grossed little over $75 million on a budget of $45 million, failing to prove a commercial success on the level of Anderson's previous two films  Anderson wrote and produced two straight-to-video prequels, Death Race 2 (2011) and Death Race 3: Inferno (2013), set before the events of the 2008 film  He later wrote and executive-produced Death Race: Beyond Anarchy (2018), a sequel to the first film  
The Resident Evil productions were criticized for unsafe filming and using shell companies to avoid liability  During the filming of Resident Evil: The Final Chapter (2016), crew member Ricardo Cornelius died when he was caught beneath a Humvee sliding off of a rotating platform  Stunt-woman Olivia Jackson lost most of an arm and was partially paralyzed when she collided with a camera crane during the filming of a motorcycle stunt in rain and freezing conditions  It was determined that she was wearing inadequate safety equipment, and that the stunt's timing had been changed without her knowledge  During the filming of Resident Evil: Retribution (2012), twelve extras were hospitalized with leg, neck, and back wounds after falling from a collapsing high-wheeled platform 

Resident Evil, The Three Musketeers and Pompeii
In 2010, Anderson wrote and directed the first installment in a second trilogy of Resident Evil films, titled Resident Evil: Afterlife  The film continues the storyline from where that last one ended  Anderson envisioned the new trilogy as a way to make use of a new stylistic approach, using slow motion and 3D  Anderson filmed in native 3D, using the Sony F35 camera, mounted on the Fusion Camera System, which was previously used in Avatar  Despite negative reviews by critics, and a lukewarm B in a Cinemascore poll by audiences, the film grossed $300 million on a budget of $60 million, making over $150 million that the previously most successful film in the franchise, Resident Evil: Extinction 
Anderson's next film was the 2011 3D romantic action adventure film The Three Musketeers, from a screenplay by Andrew Davies and Alex Litvak based on the novel of the same name  Matthew Macfadyen, Ray Stevenson, Luke Evans and Logan Lerman respectively star as the characters from the novel Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and d'Artagnan, while Milla Jovovich plays Milady de Winter  Furthermore, Christoph Waltz stars as Cardinal Richelieu, Orlando Bloom plays the Duke of Buckingham and Mads Mikkelsen appears as Captain Rochefort  The film failed to impress critics who reviewed it negatively, and scored a B on a Cinemascore poll  Commercially it did not perform very well, grossing around $132–140 million on a reported budget that ranges between $75 and 90 million Anderson wrote and directed the fifth installment in the Resident Evil film franchise, Resident Evil: Retribution, in 2012  Anderson brought back several actors from the original trilogy of films to play alternate versions of their characters  The film received generally negative reviews, and a C+ on a Cinemascore poll, the series' lowest  Produced with a budget of $65 million, it grossed $240 million on the box office which is $60 million lower than the previous film's gross, but still overall larger than the grosses of each films of the original trilogy In 2014 his 3D historical disaster romance film named Pompeii was released  Inspired by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 that destroyed Pompeii, a city of the Roman Empire, the film was written by Janet Scott Batchler, Lee Batchler and Michael Robert Johnson and stars Kit Harington, Emily Browning, Carrie-Anne Moss, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Jessica Lucas, with Jared Harris, and Kiefer Sutherland  The film was generally negatively received by critics, and was rated a B on a Cinemascore poll  Pompeii was a modest box office success on the box office, grossing $108–118 million on a reported budget between $80 and 100 million In late 2016 in Japan, and early 2017 in the rest of the world, Anderson's Resident Evil: The Final Chapter was released, which according to both him and Jovovich is the last Resident Evil film they will be involved with  Anderson designed the film "to come full circle", provide answers to some of the series' mysteries, and provide closure for the character of Alice  He decided to abandon the previous two films' stylistic approach of using slow motion in favor of a more fast and gritty feeling, and he also decided to convert the film in 3D in post, instead of filming with 3D cameras  His first daughter with Jovovich, Ever Gabo Anderson, was cast in a double role, as both a young version of Alice, and the character of Red Queen introduced in the original film  The film received average to negative reviews, slightly better than the previous installments, and more along the lines of the original film  It was rated B by audiences on a Cinemascore poll, which is the highest rating in the series, and shared with the first and second films  The film grossed $312 million, on a budget of $40 million, in large part due to a record $94 3 million opening in China, making it Anderson's highest-grossing film 

Monster Hunter
In December 2020, Anderson directed Monster Hunter, based on Capcom's Monster Hunter video-game franchise  It was released in December 2020 following delays relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a disappointing gross of $43 million against a $60 million budget  It received mixed to negative reviews 

Future projects
Anderson is set to write and direct an adaptation of George R R  Martin's short story, In The Lost Lands  Peter V  Brett's fantasy novel The Warded Man was optioned for film production by Anderson and longtime producing partner Jeremy Bolt, but a 2016 update of Brett's website stated that they were no longer involved in the project 

Personal life
Anderson began dating Resident Evil star Milla Jovovich in 2002 after the film  He proposed to her in 2003, and they were "engaged on-and-off for four years" before becoming a couple again early in 2007  On 3 November 2007, Jovovich gave birth to their first child, daughter Ever Anderson, in Los Angeles, California  They married on 22 August 2009  Their second child, a daughter, Dashiel, was born in April 2015  In August 2019, Jovovich revealed that they were expecting a third daughter, Osian, after losing her pregnancy two years prior  Their third daughter was born in February 2020 

Filmography
Film
Also cameo appearance in The Shot (short film, 2011) 
Producer

The Dark (2005)
DOA: Dead or Alive (2006)
Pandorum (2009)Executive producer

Here Are the Young Men (2020)
Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City (2021)

Direct-to-video
Television
Commercial
Doom 3 "Warnings" (2005) 
Volkswagen "Bus", "Chase", "Explosion" (2014) 

Reception
Critical reception to Anderson's films has been negative  While Mortal Kombat and some of the Resident Evil films commonly feature on lists about the best film adaptations of video games, such lists mention that films of the genre are, at best, lackluster  Anderson has repeatedly stated he considers himself a "populist filmmaker", who only cares about whether his movies entertain the audience and make them cheer in the cinema, rather than their reception by professional critics 
Passage 8:
Gertrude of Bavaria
Gertrude of Bavaria (Danish and German: Gertrud; 1152/55–1197) was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI 
Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähringen in either 1152 or 1155  She was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia, in 1166, and became a widow in 1167  In 1171 she was engaged and in February 1177 married to Canute of Denmark in Lund  The couple lived the first years in Skåne  On 12 May 1182, they became king and queen  She did not have any children  During her second marriage, she chose to live in chastity and celibacy with her husband  Arnold of Lübeck remarked of their marriage, that her spouse was: "The most chaste one, living thus his days with his chaste spouse" in eternal chastity 
Passage 9:
Marie-Louise Coidavid
Queen Marie Louise Coidavid (1778 – 11 March 1851) was the Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti 1811–20 as the spouse of Henri Christophe 

Early life
Marie-Louise was born into a free black family; her father was the owner of Hotel de la Couronne, Cap-Haïtien  Henri Christophe was a slave purchased by her father  Supposedly, he earned enough money in tips from his duties at the hotel that he was able to purchase his freedom before the Haitian Revolution  They married in Cap-Haïtien in 1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior  They had four children: François Ferdinand (born 1794), Françoise-Améthyste (d  1831), Athénaïs (d  1839) and Victor-Henri 
At her spouse's new position in 1798, she moved to the Sans-Souci Palace  During the French invasion, she and her children lived underground until 1803 

Queen
In 1811, Marie-Louise was given the title of queen upon the creation of the Kingdom of Haiti  Her new status gave her ceremonial tasks to perform, ladies-in-waiting, a secretary and her own court  She took her position seriously, and stated that the title "given to her by the nation" also gave her responsibilities and duties to perform  She served as the hostess of the ceremonial royal court life performed at the Sans-Souci Palace  She did not involve herself in the affairs of state  She was given the position of Regent should her son succeed her spouse while still being a minor   However, as her son became of age before the death of his father, this was never to materialize After the death of the king in 1820, she remained with her daughters Améthyste and Athénaïs at the palace until they were escorted from it by his followers together with his corpse; after their departure, the palace was attacked and plundered  Marie-Louise and her daughters were given the property Lambert outside Cap  She was visited by president Jean Pierre Boyer, who offered her his protection; he denied the spurs of gold she gave him, stating that he was the leader of poor people  They were allowed to settle in Port-au-Prince  Marie-Louise was described as calm and resigned, but her daughters, especially Athénaïs, were described as vengeful 

Exile
The Queen was in exile for 30 years  In August 1821, the former queen left Haiti with her daughters under the protection of the British admiral Sir Home Popham, and travelled to London  There were rumours that she was searching for the money, three million, deposited by her spouse in Europe  Whatever the case, she did live the rest of her life without economic difficulties  The English climate and pollution during the Industrial Revolution was determintal to Améthyste's health, and eventually they decided to leave In 1824, Marie-Louise and her daughters moved in Pisa in Italy, where they lived for the rest of their lives, Améthyste dying shortly after their arrival and Athénaïs in 1839  They lived discreetly for the most part, but were occasionally bothered by fortune hunters and throne claimers who wanted their fortune  Shortly before her death, she wrote to Haiti for permission to return  She never did, however, before she died in Italy  She is buried in the church of San Donnino  A historical marker was installed in front of the church on April 23, 2023 to commemorate the Queen, her daughter and her sister 

See also
Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité
Adélina Lévêque
Context 2: Passage 1:
Kekuʻiapoiwa II
Kekuʻiapoiwa II was a Hawaiian chiefess and the mother of the king Kamehameha I 

Biography
She was named after her aunt Kekuʻiapoiwa Nui (also known as Kekuʻiapoiwa I), the wife of King Kekaulike of Maui 
Her father was High Chief Haʻae, the son of Chiefess Kalanikauleleiaiwi and High Chief Kauaua-a-Mahi of the Mahi family of the Kohala district of Hawaiʻi island, and brother of Alapainui  Her mother was Princess Kekelakekeokalani-a-Keawe (also known as Kekelaokalani), daughter of the same Kalanikauleleiaiwi and Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku, king of Hawaii  Her mother had been sought after by many who wished to marry into the Keawe line  She was the niece of Alapainui through both her father and mother 
She married the High Chief Keōua to whom she had been betrothed since childhood  Through her double grandmother Kalanikauleleiaiwi, Keōua's own paternal grandmother, she was the double cousin of Keōua  When her uncle was staying at Kohala superintending the collection of his fleet and warriors from the different districts of the island preparatory to the invasion of Maui, in the month of Ikuwa (probably winter) Kamehameha was born probably in November 1758 : 135–136   
He had his birth ceremony at the Moʻokini Heiau, an ancient temple which is preserved in Kohala Historical Sites State Monument Many stories are told about the birth of Kamehameha 
One says that when Kekuʻiapoiwa was pregnant with Kamehameha, she had a craving for the eyeball of a chief  She was given the eyeball of a man-eating shark and the priests prophesied that this meant the child would be a rebel and a killer of chiefs  Alapainui, the old ruler of the island of Hawaiʻi, secretly made plans to have the newborn infant killed Kekuʻiapoiwa's time came on a stormy night in the Kohala district, when a strange star with a tail of white fire appeared in the western sky  This could have been Halley's Comet which appeared near the end of 1758  According to one legend, the baby was passed through a hole in the side of Kekuiapoiwa's thatched hut to a local Kohala chief named Naeʻole, who carried the child to safety at Awini  on the island's north coast  By the time the infant in Naeʻole's care was five, Alapainui had accepted him back into his household After Kamehameha, Kekuʻiapoiwa bore a second son, Keliimaikai  A few years later, Keōua died in Hilo, and the family moved with Alapainui to an area near Kawaihae, where she married a chief of the Kona district (and her uncle) Kamanawa 
She had one daughter, Piʻipiʻi Kalanikaulihiwakama, from this second husband, who would later become an important military ally of Kamehameha, who was both step son and cousin through several relationships  Piʻipiʻi became first the wife of Keholoikalani, the father of her son Kanihonui, and later she married Kaikioewa, who she had a daughter Kuwahine with : 18

Kamehameha dynasty
Passage 2:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 3:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 4:
Dalida (2017 film)
Dalida is a 2017 French biographical drama film about the life of singer and actress Dalida  It is written, directed and co-produced by Lisa Azuelos, and stars Sveva Alviti as Dalida 

Plot
In 1967 Dalida goes to a hotel and unsuccessfully attempts suicide  Rushing to her side during recovery are her ex-husband Lucien Morisse, her ex-lover Jean Sobieski and her brother Orlando (born Bruno)  The three men explain different facets of Dalida's personality: Dalida grew up a passionate music lover thanks to her violinist father in Cairo but always felt herself to be ugly because of the large glasses she wore  She was discovered in Paris by Lucien Morisse, a Parisian radio programmer who eventually fell for her and left his wife for her  Dalida became disillusioned with Morisse when he put off marriage and a child to focus on building her career  Nevertheless, she married him, but quickly began an affair with artist Jean Sobieski  She eventually left Sobieski as well, to have an affair with Luigi Tenco, a temperamental musician  Luigi commits suicide after having a breakdown and walking off stage at the 1967 Sanremo Music Festival  Dalida finds his body and it is this her friends and family believe has contributed to her mental breakdown and suicide attempt 
With the help of her brother Dalida recovers and begins to record new music and find new loves  Going to Italy to perform, she encounters a young 22-year-old student and the two embark upon a love affair  Discovering she is pregnant Dalida decides not to keep the child as she feels her lover is too young to be a responsible parent and that she does not want to raise a child without a father  She has an abortion and breaks things off with her lover 
Dalida's brother Orlando begins to manage her career causing a new period of success for her  Lucien Morisse meanwhile commits suicide in their old apartment 
Dalida is introduced to media personality Richard Chanfray (Nicolas Duvauchelle) and the two begin a relationship  Dalida feels safe and secure for the first time in her life, but eventually their relationship begins to crumble  Richard accidentally shoots the boyfriend of her housekeeper believing he is an intruder and Dalida is forced to pay off the family to keep him out of jail  After Richard gets jealous of her career, she records an album with him despite the fact that he is a poor singer  Dalida believes she is pregnant only to learn her abortion destroyed her uterus and any chance she may have had of becoming pregnant  At a New Year's Eve party after Richard is unpleasant to her and publicly mocks her eating disorder, Dalida finally kicks him out of her life  Sometime after he commits suicide as well 
Her career doing better than ever, Dalida acts in the film Le Sixième Jour to much acclaim and returns to Egypt where she is feted by the people  Nevertheless, she dissolves into a deep depression, becoming a shut-in with her bulimia spiralling out of control  She finally commits suicide leaving behind a note explaining that life is too difficult 

Cast
Sveva Alviti as Dalida
Riccardo Scamarcio as Orlando
Jean-Paul Rouve as Lucien Morisse
Nicolas Duvauchelle as Richard Chanfray
Alessandro Borghi as Luigi Tenco
Valentina Carli as Rosy
Brenno Placido as Lucio
Niels Schneider as Jean Sobieski
Hamarz Vasfi as Pietro Gigliotti
Davide Lorino as elder Orlando
F  Haydee Borelli as Giuseppina Gigliotti
Vincent Perez as Eddie Barclay
Patrick Timsit as Bruno Coquatrix
Michaël Cohen as Arnaud Desjardins
Elena Rapisarda as young Dalida

Production
Principal photography took place from 8 February to 22 April 2016, in France, Italy and Morocco 

Reception
In a statement to the Agence France-Presse, Catherine Morisse, the daughter of Lucien Morisse, criticised the film for the inaccurate portrayal of her father, adding that she was not consulted during the film's production 
Passage 5:
Trinidad Tecson
Trinidad Perez Tecson (November 18, 1848 – January 28, 1928), known as the "Mother of Biak-na-Bato" and "Mother of Mercy", fought to gain Philippines independence 
She was given the title "Mother of Biak-na-Bato" by Gen  Emilio Aguinaldo  She was also cited as the "Mother of the Philippine National Red Cross" for her service to her fellow Katipuneros 

Early life
Tecson was born in San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan, one of sixteen children of Rafael Tecson and Monica Perez  She learned to read and write from schoolmaster Quinto  She practiced fencing with Juan Zeto and was feared throughout the province, called "Tangkad" (tall) by her peers  Orphaned at a very young age, she stopped school and went with her siblings to live with relatives  She married at 19 and had two children, Sinforoso and Desiderio, who both died  Tecson and her husband were engaged in the purchase and sale of cattle, fish, oysters, and lobsters to be sold in Manila 

Revolutionary
Philippine-American War
She joined the revolutionary forces led by Gen  Gregorio del Pilar and participated in the assault on the province of Bulacan and Calumpit  She also served in the Malolos Republic and was designated as the Commissary of War
Context 3: Passage 1:
The Comedians of Comedy
The Comedians of Comedy is a stand-up comedy tour featuring comedians Patton Oswalt, Zach Galifianakis, Brian Posehn and Maria Bamford that was documented in a 2005 film and 2005 Comedy Central television series of the same name, both directed by Michael Blieden  After Zach Galifianakis left the tour, he was replaced by comedian Eugene Mirman 

History
The idea behind The Comedians of Comedy—its name a play on The Original Kings of Comedy and similar tours—involves the comedians performing at smaller indie rock venues instead of comedy clubs  Playing indie rock clubs was an idea taken from anti-comic Neil Hamburger, who is considered a pioneer of this type of show, playing such clubs since 2000  Both the film and television series alternate between footage of the comedians on stage and other aspects of their lives on the road 
The final Comedians of Comedy show with Patton Oswalt, Brian Posehn, and Maria Bamford occurred on July 28, 2008, in San Diego, California  Zach Galifianakis appeared via pre-recorded video/sketch and special guests included Paul Scheer, Rob Huebel, and Aziz Ansari of Human Giant, along with Sarah Silverman  The show took place at Spreckels Theatre in San Diego, California during the same weekend as the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con 

Movies and series
The film The Comedians of Comedy, shot during the fall of 2004, had its world premiere at the South by Southwest film festival in March 2005  It is one of the first films to be financed by the DVD-rental service Netflix, also the film's distributor  The film inspired Comedy Central to commission a six-episode Comedians of Comedy television series, involving a six-city tour during the summer of 2005; the show premiered in November of that year  The episodes were shot in Baltimore, New York City, Philadelphia, Atlantic City, Boston and Martha's Vineyard 
After ending their run on Comedy Central, Oswalt, Posehn, Mirman and Morgan Murphy performed in a 2006 Comedians of Comedy tour The Comedians of Comedy also appeared as one of the Friday opening acts at the 2007 Coachella Valley Arts and Music Festival, including San Francisco Bay Area comedians Brent Weinbach and Jasper Redd 
On October 2, 2007, a DVD of a live performance from the Troubador was released, featuring the cast of the film alongside other notables like Eugene Mirman, Jon Benjamin, David Cross, and others 
Passage 2:
History of comedy
History of comedy may refer to:

The history of comedy
The History of Comedy, a CNN television programThose interested in the ever expansive history of comedy, may also enjoy the comedy of history, one of societies greatest accomplishments 
Passage 3:
List of comedy films of the 1960s
A list of comedy films released in the 1960s 
Passage 4:
The Comedians in Africa
The Comedians is a 1967 American political drama film directed and produced by Peter Glenville, based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Graham Greene, who also wrote the screenplay  The stars were Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor, Peter Ustinov, and Alec Guinness  Paul Ford and Lillian Gish had supporting roles as a presidential candidate and wife, as did James Earl Jones as an island doctor  The role played by Elizabeth Taylor was originally intended for Sophia Loren Set in Haiti during the Papa Doc Duvalier regime, it was filmed in Dahomey (Benin since 1975)  The film tells the story of a sardonic white hotel owner and his encroaching fatalism as he watches Haiti sink into barbarism and squalor 

Plot
A ship arrives in Port-au-Prince, Haiti  Four of the alighting passengers are: Major H  O  Jones (Alec Guinness), a British businessman with a letter of invitation to do business with the government; Mr  and Mrs  Smith (Paul Ford and Lillian Gish), an elderly American couple who wish to set up a vegetarian complex for education and nutrition for the locals; and the central character, a cynical, washed-up hotel owner named Brown, portrayed by Richard Burton 
Upon arrival, Major Jones presents his credentials to Captain Concasseur (Raymond St  Jacques), a law enforcement officer, who notices that the official who invited Jones has been deposed and imprisoned  Concasseur and his men rough up and imprison Jones 
Brown has been bequeathed a hotel in the capital from his late British mother, but has been unable to sell it in his trip to New York City  Brown also has an ongoing affair with Martha (Elizabeth Taylor), the German-born wife of the Uruguayan ambassador to Haiti, Pineda (Peter Ustinov)  When Martha and Brown have an argument, Brown goes to Mere Catherine's brothel where he discovers that not only has Jones been released, but he's a guest of Captain Concasseur and is enjoying the hospitality of Brown's favourite prostitute, Marie Therese (Cicely Tyson) 
Jones has gained the favour of the new regime, who are keen to receive a supply of arms  They have paid a down payment, and Jones claims the weapons are impounded in a warehouse in Miami, but the weapons may be imaginary and a confidence trick by Jones  The government will not allow Jones to leave the island until they are sure the weapons exist 
Mr  Smith, a former "Vegetarian Party" candidate for the Presidency of the United States against Harry S  Truman, is given a tour of the new capital, an empty shambles called Duvalierville  He and Mrs  Smith follow a local procession that they believe is a religious ceremony but turns out to be an audience for executions by firing squad  Captain Concasseur and his men enter Brown's hotel and beat him up until Mrs  Smith bluffs the thugs by threatening to inform her husband, the American "presidential candidate " The Smiths depart the next day 
Brown watches as the Duvalier regime seeks to put down any dissent with an iron fist  He becomes friends with Dr  Magiot (James Earl Jones), the rebel leader who was once a close friend of Brown's late mother 
As Brown becomes a reluctant participant in the planned insurrection, the rebels recruit Major Jones to provide military leadership  Jones has been regaling the other expatriates with his tales of heroism as a commando officer in the Burma Campaign that Brown does not quite believe  Brown hosts a meeting of the group, including Magiot, Jones, and Ambassador Pineda  But trouble ensues soon thereafter – Duvalier’s spies from the Tonton Macoute are watching Brown’s Hotel Trianon and his every step 
When the government informs Jones that they wish to have Captain Concasseur fly to Miami to inspect the apparently fictional arms Jones wishes to sell to the regime  Jones flees to Brown's hotel  Brown is able to get Jones into the Uruguayan embassy where he pleads asylum  He escapes by dressing as Brown's female cook, wearing drag and blackface 
The day after the meeting, three assassins confront Magiot while he’s performing surgery and cut his throat with a scalpel knife   Taking him to a rebel rendezvous in the place of Dr  Magiot, Brown suspects that Jones has become involved with Martha Pineda  The inebriated Jones makes matters worse by bragging about his conquest 
Driving carelessly up the treacherous, winding road, Brown hits an embankment and breaks the car’s front axle  On foot, they arrive at a remote cemetery, the designated meeting point  They settle in for the night with Jones admitting that his jungle war stories were total fabrication, as was his claimed conquest of Martha   His wartime career involved running a cinema in India, and he'd never been with a woman he hadn't paid "or promised to pay "
In the morning, Captain Concasseur and one Tonton Macoute accost Brown at the cemetery  Brown denies that the Major is there, talking loudly to warn Jones  But a sleepy Jones approaches anyway  Commanded to stop, Jones turns and runs, but is killed  Brown is ordered into a jeep, but shots from rebels ring out  Concasseur and his henchman drop dead 
Asked about Jones, Brown tells the two rebels in dismay: "You arrived two minutes too late " The rebels plead with Brown to assume the role of Jones, seeing this as the only hope they have left  Brown hesitates, but relents after being asked whether he wants to continue living like this 
The three meet up with a ragtag group of poorly equipped rebels who believe that Brown is Jones  He gives a cynical, taunting speech, apparently without being understood, since the rebels speak French and he English 
The Pinedas are leaving the island  Petit Pierre (Roscoe Lee Browne), a journalist friend of Brown, tells them about a battle between government troops and rebels  He says two rebels have been killed, one "unidentified " As the plane takes off, Martha notices smoke on a hillside of the island  The question whether Brown has survived remains unanswered 

Cast
Richard Burton as Brown
Elizabeth Taylor as Martha Pineda
Alec Guinness as Major Jones
Peter Ustinov as Ambassador Pineda
Georg Stanford Brown as Henri Philipot
Roscoe Lee Browne as Petit Pierre
Paul Ford as Mr  Smith
Gloria Foster as Mrs  Philipot
Lillian Gish as Mrs  Smith
James Earl Jones as Dr  Magiot
Zakes Mokae as Michel
Douta Seck as Joseph
Raymond St  Jacques as Captain Concasseur
Cicely Tyson as Marie Therese

Production
Because political conditions in Haiti made filming there impossible, location shooting took place in Dahomey (now part of the Republic of Benin)  Filming also took place on the Côte d'Azur in France  A short promotional documentary titled The Comedians in Africa was released in 1967 which chronicled the difficulties encountered by the on-location crew and cast  The film featured a group of black American actors who would be famous into the 1970s: Raymond St  Jacques, James Earl Jones, and Cicely Tyson  Of these stars, both Tyson and Jones would later be nominated for Academy Awards  Other black stars in the film included Zakes Mokae, Roscoe Lee Browne, Gloria Foster, and Georg Stanford Brown 
This was the final film directed by Glenville, who three years earlier directed Burton in an award-winning production of Becket   Glenville previously directed the premier of Greene's first play, The Living Room, at Wyndham's Theatre in April 1953  
Several of the characters were based on real people the newspaper columnist Petit Pierre for instance was based on Aubelin Jolicoeur 

Reception
The film was poorly received, despite the all-star cast  On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 27% based on reviews from 11 critics Variety called the film "plodding, low-key, and eventually tedious"  Roger Ebert wrote in the Chicago Sun-Times that "the movie tries to be serious and politically significant, and succeeds only in being tedious and pompous", and denounced the "long, very wordy discussions", though he conceded that "the atmosphere of the Caribbean is invoked convincingly"  Bosley Crowther gave the film a mixed review, praising the atmosphere and some individual scenes, but stating: "Mr  Greene's characteristic story of white men carrying their burdens cheerlessly and with an undisguised readiness to dump them as soon as they can get away from this God-forsaken place is no great shakes of a drama  It is conventional and obvious, indeed, and is rendered no better or more beguiling by some rather superfluous additions of amorous scenes" 
The film received some recognition from several critics' circles  Lillian Gish received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress  Paul Ford won the 1967 National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Smith, and Alec Guinness tied with Robert Shaw in A Man for All Seasons for the 1968 Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Jones 
The film was not successful financially 

See also
List of American films of 1967
Passage 5:
Prom (disambiguation)
A prom is a dance party of high school students 
Prom, Proms or The Prom may also refer to:

Programmable ROM, a form of digital memory
BBC Proms, an annual summer season of daily classical music concerts in London

Arts and entertainment
Film
Prom (film), a 2011 teen comedy from Walt Disney Pictures
The Prom (film), a 2020 American musical comedy film
Flawless (2018 film) (Hebrew: הנשף, Haneshef, 'Prom'), a 2018 Israeli drama film

Television
"Prom" (The Secret Circle)

Music
Prom (album), by Amy Ray, 2005
The Prom (band), an American indie band
"Prom", a song by Mindless Self Indulgence from the 2005 album You'll Rebel to Anything
"Prom" (SZA song), a song by SZA from their 2007 album Ctrl
"Prom", a song by Vulfpeck from the 2011 album Mit Peck

Other uses in arts and entertainment
Prom, a 2005 novel by Laurie Halse Anderson
The Prom (musical), 2016

Medicine
Passive range of motion exercises, in physical therapy
Patient reported outcome measures
Prelabor rupture of membranes, in obstetrics

Other uses
PROM-1, an antipersonnel mine
Phosphate rich organic manure
The Prom, or Wilsons Promontory National Park, in Victoria, Australia
La Prom, nickname of the Promenade des Anglais in Nice, France

See also
All pages with titles beginning with Prom
Prom Night (disambiguation)
Prom Queen (disambiguation)
Promenade (disambiguation)
Passage 6:
List of comedy films of the 2010s
A list of comedy films in the 2010s 

2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019


== Notes ==
Passage 7:
The Comedians in Africa
The Comedians is a 1967 American political drama film directed and produced by Peter Glenville, based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Graham Greene, who also wrote the screenplay  The stars were Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor, Peter Ustinov, and Alec Guinness  Paul Ford and Lillian Gish had supporting roles as a presidential candidate and wife, as did James Earl Jones as an island doctor  The role played by Elizabeth Taylor was originally intended for Sophia Loren Set in Haiti during the Papa Doc Duvalier regime, it was filmed in Dahomey (Benin since 1975)  The film tells the story of a sardonic white hotel owner and his encroaching fatalism as he watches Haiti sink into barbarism and squalor 

Plot
A ship arrives in Port-au-Prince, Haiti  Four of the alighting passengers are: Major H  O  Jones (Alec Guinness), a British businessman with a letter of invitation to do business with the government; Mr



ground_truth: Milla

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the mother of the director of film Dalida (2017 Film)?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  During the American drive northward, she was in Cabanatuan  Bringing with her sick and wounded revolutionaries, Tecson crossed the Zambales mountains to Santa Cruz then to Iba 

Life after the war
After the war, her second husband died and she continued in business in Nueva Ecija, concentrating on selling meat in the towns of San Antonio and Talavera  She married her third husband, Doroteo Santiago, and after his death, married Francisco Empainado  On January 28, 1928, she died in Philippine General Hospital at age 79  Her remains lie in the Plot of the Veterans of the Revolution in Cementerio del Norte 
Passage 6:
Lisa Azuelos
Lisa Azuelos (born Elise-Anne Bethsabée Azuelos; 6 November 1965 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French director, writer, and producer  She is the daughter of singer Marie Laforêt 

Biography
Lisa Azuelos is the daughter of French singer and actress Marie Laforêt and of Judas Azuelos, a Moroccan Jew of Sephardic descent  
She has a younger brother and a step-sister, Deborah  
Her parents separated when she was 2 years old  Her mother kept her and sent her with her brother to a Swiss boarding school, "Les Sept Nains", where children were allegedly maltreated physically and mentally  Afterwards the two siblings were sent to live with someone in a small village in the department of Sarthe 
She stayed with her father since the age of twelve  That is the time she discovered his Sephardic heritage  
 Lisa Azuelos was introduced to her future husband, film producer Patrick Alessandrin, by Luc Besson  The couple has three children, Carmen, Illan and Thaïs  They divorced after 11 years of marriage 
Lisa Azuelos has a film production company, which she named Bethsabée Mucho after her paternal great-grandmother Bethsabée 

Filmography
Passage 7:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 8:
Susan B  Nelson
Susan B  Nelson (April 13, 1927 – May 4, 2003) was an American environmental activist who is best known as the mother of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area 

Early life
Sue Nelson was born Susan Louise Barr in Syracuse, New York, on April 13, 1927, the child of an accountant and a teacher   Her family moved to Los Angeles where she attended Alexander Hamilton High School and UCLA, graduating in 1948 with a degree in political science  She later earned a master's degree from UCLA in urban planning in 1969 

Environmental activism
Nelson started her conservationist career as a housewife in Mandeville Canyon   She later became an active member in the Sierra Club, the Peace and Freedom Party, and the Green Party   In 1964 she helped to found the Friends of the Santa Monica Mountains, Parks and Seashore, and also became this group's president  She is credited by congressman Anthony Beilenson as being the single greatest driver behind the establishment by Congress in 1978 of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, the first truly urban national park  Along with Nelson, two other women (Jill Swift and Margot Feuer) were instrumental in bringing about federal, legal recognition of the SMMNRA   In the years following this federal legislation, Nelson lobbied Congress to provide more funding to expand and improve the parkland  Nelson also worked on a variety of other conservation projects throughout the Los Angeles region in the 1980s and 1990s, including areas such as Malibu Creek State Park, Point Mugu, Hollywood, Temescal Canyon, and Topanga Canyon  She also voiced her vocal opposition, through newspaper opinion pieces and town hall meetings, to development projects such as the Malibu Canyon Freeway, the Pacific Coast Freeway, and the Mulholland Highway  In addition, Nelson sounded a warning bell against the privatization of public parklands  Her persistence led some to call her ruthless, but also warmhearted and feisty 

Personal life
Nelson married Earl Nelson in 1948   Together they had four children, but the marriage ended in divorce   Nelson's son-in-law was the composer James Horner   She died on May 4, 2003, after she was hit by a car near her home in Echo Park, Los Angeles 

Legacy
Nelson's archives are held in Special Collections and Archives at the University Library of California State University, Northridge 
Passage 9:
Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi
Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi (Arabic: فاطمة بنت مبارك الكتبي) is the third wife of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the founder and inaugural president of United Arab Emirates  She is referred to as the mother of sheikhs, the mother of the UAE and as The mother of Nation 

Early life
Sheikha Fatima was born in Al-Hayer, Al Ain Region, as the only daughter to her parents  Her family is Bedouin and religious 

Achievements
Sheikha Fatima is a supporter of women's rights in the UAE  She is the supreme chairperson of the Family Development Foundation (FDF) and significantly contributed to the foundation of the first women's organization in 1976, the Abu Dhabi Society for the Awakening of Women  She was also instrumental in a nationwide campaign advocating for girls' education and heads the UAE's General Women Union (GWU), which she founded in 1975  She is also the President of the Motherhood and Childhood Supreme Council  At the end of the 1990s, she publicly announced that women should be members of the Federal National Council of the Emirates Sheikha Fatima also supports efforts concerning adult literacy and provision of free public education for girls  An award named the Sheikha Fatima Award for Excellence has been presented in her honor since 2005 for the outstanding academic performance and commitment to the environment and world citizenship of the female recipients  The reward includes a full-tuition scholarship that extends to schools across the Middle East and in 2010 expanded to India  She has consistently supported women in sport and initiated an award called the Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak Award for Woman Athletes  Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak also created a women's sports academy called Fatima Bint Mubarak Ladies Academy in Abu Dhabi  The Sheikha Fatima Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences in Lahore, Pakistan, is named after her On 30 March 2021, Sheikha Fatima launched a National Action Plan on women, peace and security - the first National Action Plan developed in a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) country  The plan aims to empower and support women globally by promoting the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 

Awards
In 1997, five different organizations of the United Nations had awarded Sheikha Fatima for her significant efforts for women's rights  The UNIFEM stated, "she is the champion of women's rights " She was also awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of November 7th by the Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali on 26 June 2009 for her contributions to raise the status of Arab women  She was also given the UNESCO Marie Curie Medal for her efforts in education, literacy and women's rights, being the third international and the first Arab recipient of the award On March 16, 2005, she received the Athir Class of the National Order of Merit of Algeria 

Marriage and children
Fatima bint Mubarak Al Ketbi married Sheikh Zayed Al Nahyan when he was the ruler of the Eastern region in 1960  Sheikh Zayed met her in a mosque  They moved to Abu Dhabi when Sheikh Zayed became the ruler in August 1966  She was his most influential and favorite spouse because of her influential personality  She is the mother of Sheikh Mohamed, the current President of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi; Sheikh Hamdan, Sheikh Hazza, Sheikh Tahnoun, Sheikh Mansour, Sheikh Abdullah, Sheikha Shamma and Sheikha Alyazia  They are the most powerful block in the ruling family of Abu Dhabi, the Al Nahyans 
Passage 10:
Minamoto no Chikako
Minamoto no Chikako (源 親子) was the daughter of Kitabatake Morochika, and Imperial consort to Emperor Go-Daigo  She had earlier been Imperial consort to Go-Daigo's father, Emperor Go-Uda 
She was the mother of Prince Morinaga 
Context 3:  and Mrs  Smith (Paul Ford and Lillian Gish), an elderly American couple who wish to set up a vegetarian complex for education and nutrition for the locals; and the central character, a cynical, washed-up hotel owner named Brown, portrayed by Richard Burton 
Upon arrival, Major Jones presents his credentials to Captain Concasseur (Raymond St  Jacques), a law enforcement officer, who notices that the official who invited Jones has been deposed and imprisoned  Concasseur and his men rough up and imprison Jones 
Brown has been bequeathed a hotel in the capital from his late British mother, but has been unable to sell it in his trip to New York City  Brown also has an ongoing affair with Martha (Elizabeth Taylor), the German-born wife of the Uruguayan ambassador to Haiti, Pineda (Peter Ustinov)  When Martha and Brown have an argument, Brown goes to Mere Catherine's brothel where he discovers that not only has Jones been released, but he's a guest of Captain Concasseur and is enjoying the hospitality of Brown's favourite prostitute, Marie Therese (Cicely Tyson) 
Jones has gained the favour of the new regime, who are keen to receive a supply of arms  They have paid a down payment, and Jones claims the weapons are impounded in a warehouse in Miami, but the weapons may be imaginary and a confidence trick by Jones  The government will not allow Jones to leave the island until they are sure the weapons exist 
Mr  Smith, a former "Vegetarian Party" candidate for the Presidency of the United States against Harry S  Truman, is given a tour of the new capital, an empty shambles called Duvalierville  He and Mrs  Smith follow a local procession that they believe is a religious ceremony but turns out to be an audience for executions by firing squad  Captain Concasseur and his men enter Brown's hotel and beat him up until Mrs  Smith bluffs the thugs by threatening to inform her husband, the American "presidential candidate " The Smiths depart the next day 
Brown watches as the Duvalier regime seeks to put down any dissent with an iron fist  He becomes friends with Dr  Magiot (James Earl Jones), the rebel leader who was once a close friend of Brown's late mother 
As Brown becomes a reluctant participant in the planned insurrection, the rebels recruit Major Jones to provide military leadership  Jones has been regaling the other expatriates with his tales of heroism as a commando officer in the Burma Campaign that Brown does not quite believe  Brown hosts a meeting of the group, including Magiot, Jones, and Ambassador Pineda  But trouble ensues soon thereafter – Duvalier’s spies from the Tonton Macoute are watching Brown’s Hotel Trianon and his every step 
When the government informs Jones that they wish to have Captain Concasseur fly to Miami to inspect the apparently fictional arms Jones wishes to sell to the regime  Jones flees to Brown's hotel  Brown is able to get Jones into the Uruguayan embassy where he pleads asylum  He escapes by dressing as Brown's female cook, wearing drag and blackface 
The day after the meeting, three assassins confront Magiot while he’s performing surgery and cut his throat with a scalpel knife   Taking him to a rebel rendezvous in the place of Dr  Magiot, Brown suspects that Jones has become involved with Martha Pineda  The inebriated Jones makes matters worse by bragging about his conquest 
Driving carelessly up the treacherous, winding road, Brown hits an embankment and breaks the car’s front axle  On foot, they arrive at a remote cemetery, the designated meeting point  They settle in for the night with Jones admitting that his jungle war stories were total fabrication, as was his claimed conquest of Martha   His wartime career involved running a cinema in India, and he'd never been with a woman he hadn't paid "or promised to pay "
In the morning, Captain Concasseur and one Tonton Macoute accost Brown at the cemetery  Brown denies that the Major is there, talking loudly to warn Jones  But a sleepy Jones approaches anyway  Commanded to stop, Jones turns and runs, but is killed  Brown is ordered into a jeep, but shots from rebels ring out  Concasseur and his henchman drop dead 
Asked about Jones, Brown tells the two rebels in dismay: "You arrived two minutes too late " The rebels plead with Brown to assume the role of Jones, seeing this as the only hope they have left  Brown hesitates, but relents after being asked whether he wants to continue living like this 
The three meet up with a ragtag group of poorly equipped rebels who believe that Brown is Jones  He gives a cynical, taunting speech, apparently without being understood, since the rebels speak French and he English 
The Pinedas are leaving the island  Petit Pierre (Roscoe Lee Browne), a journalist friend of Brown, tells them about a battle between government troops and rebels  He says two rebels have been killed, one "unidentified " As the plane takes off, Martha notices smoke on a hillside of the island  The question whether Brown has survived remains unanswered 

Cast
Richard Burton as Brown
Elizabeth Taylor as Martha Pineda
Alec Guinness as Major Jones
Peter Ustinov as Ambassador Pineda
Georg Stanford Brown as Henri Philipot
Roscoe Lee Browne as Petit Pierre
Paul Ford as Mr  Smith
Gloria Foster as Mrs  Philipot
Lillian Gish as Mrs  Smith
James Earl Jones as Dr  Magiot
Zakes Mokae as Michel
Douta Seck as Joseph
Raymond St  Jacques as Captain Concasseur
Cicely Tyson as Marie Therese

Production
Because political conditions in Haiti made filming there impossible, location shooting took place in Dahomey (now part of the Republic of Benin)  Filming also took place on the Côte d'Azur in France  A short promotional documentary titled The Comedians in Africa was released in 1967 which chronicled the difficulties encountered by the on-location crew and cast  The film featured a group of black American actors who would be famous into the 1970s: Raymond St  Jacques, James Earl Jones, and Cicely Tyson  Of these stars, both Tyson and Jones would later be nominated for Academy Awards  Other black stars in the film included Zakes Mokae, Roscoe Lee Browne, Gloria Foster, and Georg Stanford Brown 
This was the final film directed by Glenville, who three years earlier directed Burton in an award-winning production of Becket   Glenville previously directed the premier of Greene's first play, The Living Room, at Wyndham's Theatre in April 1953  
Several of the characters were based on real people the newspaper columnist Petit Pierre for instance was based on Aubelin Jolicoeur 

Reception
The film was poorly received, despite the all-star cast  On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 27% based on reviews from 11 critics Variety called the film "plodding, low-key, and eventually tedious"  Roger Ebert wrote in the Chicago Sun-Times that "the movie tries to be serious and politically significant, and succeeds only in being tedious and pompous", and denounced the "long, very wordy discussions", though he conceded that "the atmosphere of the Caribbean is invoked convincingly"  Bosley Crowther gave the film a mixed review, praising the atmosphere and some individual scenes, but stating: "Mr  Greene's characteristic story of white men carrying their burdens cheerlessly and with an undisguised readiness to dump them as soon as they can get away from this God-forsaken place is no great shakes of a drama  It is conventional and obvious, indeed, and is rendered no better or more beguiling by some rather superfluous additions of amorous scenes" 
The film received some recognition from several critics' circles  Lillian Gish received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress  Paul Ford won the 1967 National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Smith, and Alec Guinness tied with Robert Shaw in A Man for All Seasons for the 1968 Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Jones 
The film was not successful financially 

See also
List of American films of 1967
Passage 8:
List of comedy films of the 1950s
A list of comedy films released in the 1950s 
Passage 9:
List of comedy films of the 1980s
A list of comedy films released in the 1980s 

American films
1980s
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
British films
Comedy-horror
1981

An American Werewolf in London
Full Moon High
The Funhouse
Motel Hell1982

Basket Case
Big Meat Eater
Hysterical1983

Bloodbath at the House of Death
Frightmare1984

Bloodsuckers from Outer Space
Gremlins
The Toxic Avenger1985

Mr  Vampire
Once Bitten
Re-Animator
The Return of the Living Dead1986

Blood Hook
Class of Nuke 'Em High
Critters
Evil Laugh
From Beyond
Haunted Honeymoon
House
Little Shop of Horrors
Monster in the Closet
Night of the Creeps
The Seventh Curse
TerrorVision
Vamp1987

Bad Taste
A Chinese Ghost Story
Deathrow Gameshow
Evil Dead II
House II: The Second Story
I Was a Teenage Zombie
The Monster Squad1988

Beetlejuice
Curse of the Queerwolf
Dead Heat
Elvira: Mistress of the Dark
High Spirits
Hollywood Chainsaw Hookers
Killer Klowns from Outer Space
The Lair of the White Worm
My Best Friend Is a Vampire
Night of the Demons
Return of the Living Dead Part II
Waxwork1989

Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death
Chopper Chicks in Zombietown
Cutting Class
Dr Caligari
My Mom's a Werewolf
Out of the Dark
Over-sexed Rugsuckers from Mars
The Toxic Avenger Part II
The Toxic Avenger Part III: The Last Temptation of Toxie

Sci-fi comedy
Comedy-drama
Parody films
Passage 10:
F the Prom
F the Prom (also known as F*&% the Prom) is a 2017 American teen comedy film directed and produced by Benny Fine and written by him, Rafi Fine, and Molly Prather  In the film, two estranged best friends reunite due to unfortunate circumstances and conspire to destroy the senior prom  The film stars Danielle Campbell, Joel Courtney, Madelaine Petsch, and Cameron Palatas, with Meg DeLacy, Nicholle Tom, Richard Karn, Jill Cimorelli, Luke Bilyk, Brendan Calton, Michael Chey, Adan Allende, Diamond White, Cheri Oteri, and Ian Ziering in supporting roles  It was released online and on-demand on December 5, 2017 

Plot
Best friends Maddy Datner and Cole Reed attend their first day of high school at Charles Adams High  Cole is pantsed by a fellow student, revealing his white briefs and earning him the nickname "Tighty"  Rather than stand up for him, Maddy decides not to intervene, and refuses to talk to Cole from that point on  Three years later, Maddy is at the top of the social hierarchy, and is dating the hottest boy at school, Kane  Cole, still shunned by his peers, has decided to apply to a prestigious art college 
Maddy catches her best friend Marissa making out with Kane  Revealing her disgust with Maddy's recent self-centered behavior, Marissa explains that she intends to be crowned Queen at the upcoming senior prom, which Maddy was expected to win  That night, Maddy goes to Cole's house, and they reconnect, reminiscing about their former friendship  Maddy suggests that they ruin the prom, enlisting Cole's friend Felicity to help  Felicity refuses to help at first, but when Maddy stands up for Cole against Kane, she agrees, and enlists the help of other social outcasts to execute the plan 
Maddy announces that she intends to take Cole to the prom, which greatly increases his status  Marissa tries to steal Cole's affections, but he rebuffs her  Kane, meanwhile, seeks forgiveness from Maddy  Felicity reveals that at one time, she and Kane were together, until Marissa manipulated Kane into dumping her for Maddy  As the date for prom approaches, Maddy forgives Kane and reneges on her commitment to take Cole as her date  Feeling hurt, Cole nearly calls the plan off, but his father intervenes  A former prom king himself, he has come to regret his behavior in high school, and believes his lack of humility was the reason why Cole's mom left them  He also believes that if his prom had been ruined, he would be more humble  Cole initially does not believe him, but his father urges him to humble the popular kids so they do not turn out like him, and he reluctantly agrees to go through with the plan 
The night of the prom, Felicity and the other conspirators rig the voting system, drug Marissa's punch, and turn the popular kids against each other using social media, including posting fake pornographic images of one boy  At the end of the night, Maddy is crowned prom queen, and is thus doused with tar—the punishment intended for Marissa—before one of the kids pulls the fire alarm  Marissa takes revenge on Cole for rejecting her by once again pantsing him in front of the crowd  Enraged, Cole delivers a lengthy speech in which he criticizes how the students have hurt each other in pursuit of popularity that is ultimately without meaning or worth 
Cole ignores Maddy for the rest of the school year due to her betrayal at prom and the fact that she could have helped him all the past years in high school, but instead stood idly by and watched as he was tormented by other students  After graduation, Felicity explains to Cole that the only reason he was accepted into the college he has been trying to attend is because Maddy sent his profile in to a recruiter  Unaware of this information, Cole stops by Maddy's house to give her a graphic novel of his drawings as both a thank you and a going-away present, since he leaves for school that weekend  He also confesses his feelings for her  Maddy reciprocates, and they kiss, but Cole ultimately rejects her offer of a relationship, wishing to remain friends instead 

Cast
Danielle Campbell as Madeline "Maddy" Datner
Joel Courtney as Cole Reed
Madelaine Petsch as Marissa
Cameron Palatas as Kane
Meg DeLacy as Felicity "City" Stufts / Stuffs
Jill Cimorelli as TIG / Abbey
Luke Bilyk as T J 
Michael Chey as Sweats / Larry
Brendan Calton as Strings / Efraim
Adan Allende as Mutey / Emile
Ian Ziering as Ken Reed
Logan Shroyer as Young Ken
Cheri Oteri as Christine Datner
Mika Cigic as Young Christine
Richard Karn as Murphy Datner
Michael McLean as Young Murphy
Nicholle Tom as Principal Statszill
Diamond White as Rayna
Tom Phelan as Jerry
Eric Beckerman as Akiva
Ethan James Teague as Barry
Jeannie Elise Mai as Anna
Edward Zo as Yang
Lilly Singh as Miss Fallsburg (cameo appearance)



ground_truth: Marie Laforêt

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film came out first, F The Prom or The Comedians Of Comedy?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: 
Passage 7:
Jesse E  Hobson
Jesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955  Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation 

Early life and education
Hobson was born in Marshall, Indiana  He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology  Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children 

Career
Awards and memberships
Hobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948 
Passage 8:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 9:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 10:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 



ground_truth: The Comedians Of Comedy