prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died earlier, Il Gaucho or Bomgay?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 2:
G  Marthandan
G  Marthandan is an Indian film director who works in Malayalam cinema  His debut film is Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus

Early life
G  Marthandan was born to M  S  Gopalan Nair and P  Kamalamma at Changanassery in Kottayam district of Kerala  He did his schooling at NSS Boys School Changanassery and completed his bachelor's degree in Economics at NSS Hindu College, Changanassery 

Career
After completing his bachelor's degree, Marthandan entered films as an associate director with the unreleased film Swarnachamaram directed by Rajeevnath in 1995  His next work was British Market, directed by Nissar in 1998  He worked as an associate director for 18 years He made his directional debut with Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus in 2013, starring Mammooty in the lead role  His next movie was in 2015, Acha Dhin, with Mammooty and Mansi Sharma in the lead roles  Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus and Paavada were box office successes 

Filmography
As director
As associate director
As actor
TV serialKanyadanam (Malayalam TV series) - pilot episode

Awards
Ramu Kariat Film Award - Paavada (2016)
JCI Foundation Award - Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus (2013)
Passage 3:
Riyad Vinci Wadia
Riyad Vinci Wadia (19 September 1967 – 30 November 2003) was an Indian independent filmmaker from Bombay, known for his short film, BOMgAY (1996), possibly the very first gay themed movie from India  Born into the filmmaking Wadia family, he inherited the production company Wadia Movietone which is known for the Fearless Nadia movies which are one of their kind in the superwoman and stunt genre when other movies of their time usually portrayed women in submissive roles   Wadia is also known for his award-winning documentary on Nadia, Fearless: The Hunterwali Story (1993), which was written about in Time magazine and made a name for Riyad at the very outset of his brief but impactful career 

Personal life
Riyad was born in Bombay to Nargis and Vinci Wadia, son of the legendary filmmaker JBH Wadia who was one of the founding fathers of stunt films and mythological films in India  The latter's production firm, Wadia Movietone, which Riyad would later inherit, launched into the Indian film industry (later known as Bollywood) the Australian actress Mary Evans who was known popularly as 'Fearless Nadia'  Riyad did his schooling at Bombay International School, briefly attended St  Xavier's College, and later went to Australia to the Charles Sturt Film School in Wagga Wagga  Riyad was openly gay, and BOMgAY was India's first overtly gay-themed film 

Recognition
Nicknamed as 'The Turk' of the Indian Independent cinema, Riyad's films are still being referred to in many books about Bollywood, be it gay themes in Indian Cinema, or the ones about JBH Wadia and Fearless Nadia  His first documentary, Fearless : The Hunterwali Story, which is based on the life of Mary (aka Nadia) Wadia, got screened at over 50 international film festivals, such as The Berlin International Film Festival (1994) and The London Film Festival (1993)  The short film, BOMgAY, with shooting locations such as the gay cruising spots of the Victoria Terminus urinals and the Bombay local tracks along which people defecate, was described as "part Bollywood, part Genet"  The film, based on the gay-themed poetry of the Poona-based R  Raj Rao, explored the underground gay subculture of Bombay and marked the entry of queer themes into Indian Cinema  The film had a limited release in India, thanks to its explicit content  It got screened at a number of international film festivals and finds mention in the research works on the history of queer themes in Indian Cinema as the first queer themed film from India An award has been instituted in his memory by his mother and brother at the KASHISH Mumbai International Queer Film Festival and awarded every year since 2011  The Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker is given to first or second time filmmaker whose LGBTQ+ short film is being screened at the festival 

Final years
Riyad tested positive for HIV in 1995  Though he was quite capable of affording the then expensive HIV medication, he refused to be on any kind of dosage  He left India shortly after the production of BOMgAY, supporting himself with petty jobs in New York and writing a regular column for The New Indian Express  Things got difficult post 9/11, with not many jobs available, forcing him to get back to Bombay  Riyad was lost to stomach tuberculosis on 30 November 2003, in Bombay  At the time of his death, he was in the process of generating funds for his supposed first full-length film (unfinished), Naked Rain, based on R  Raj Rao's novel, Boyfriend   "He made a very important contribution to the gay cause and was one of the central figures to begin the broad-basing of the gay movement in India," says gay activist Ashok Row Kavi  The Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker was instituted with funding from Wadia Movietone (through Riyad's brother Roy) in 2011 by Kashish, the noted international queer film festival held annually in Bombay 

Works
Films
Fearless : The Hunterwali Story (1993)
Bomgay (1996)
A Mermaid called Aida (1996)
Writings
Long Life of a Short Film: The Making of BOMgAY
Wadia also wrote columns for The New Indian Express 
Passage 4:
Abhishek Saxena
Abhishek Saxena is an Indian Bollywood and Punjabi film director who directed the movie Phullu  The Phullu movie was released in theaters on 16 June 2017, in which film Sharib Hashmi is the lead role  Apart from these, he has also directed Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi film  This film was screened in cinemas in 2014 

Life and background
Abhishek Saxena was born on 19 September 1988 in the capital of India, Delhi, whose father's name is Mukesh Kumar Saxena  Abhishek Saxena married Ambica Sharma Saxena on 18 December 2014  His mother's name is Gurpreet Kaur Saxena 
Saxena started his career with a Punjabi film Patiala Dreamz, after which he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu, which has appeared in Indian cinemas on 16 June 2017 

Career
Abhishek Saxena made his film debut in 2011 as an assistant director on Doordarshan with Ashok Gaikwad  He made his first directed film Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi movie After this, he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu in 2017, which has been screened in cinemas on 16 June 2017  Saxena is now making his upcoming movie "India Gate" 
In 2018 Abhishek Saxena has come up with topic of body-shaming in his upcoming movie Saroj ka Rishta 
 Where Sanah Kapoor will play the role of Saroj and actors Randeep Rai and Gaurav Pandey will play the two men in Saroj's life Yeh Un Dinon ki Baat Hai lead Randeep Rai will make his Bollywood debut  Talking about the film, director Abhishek Saxena told Mumbai Mirror, "As a fat person, I have noticed that body-shaming doesn’t happen only with those who are on the heavier side, but also with thin people  The idea germinated from there "
Career as an Assistant DirectorApart from this, he has played the role of assistant director in many films and serials in the beginning of his career, in which he has a television serial in 2011, Doordarshan, as well as in 2011, he also assisted in a serial of Star Plus 
In addition to these serials, he played the role of assistant director in the movie "Girgit" which was made in Telugu language 

Filmography
As Director
Passage 5:
Dino Risi
Dino Risi (23 December 1916 – 7 June 2008) was an Italian film director  With Mario Monicelli, Luigi Comencini, Nanni Loy and Ettore Scola, he was one of the masters of commedia all'italiana 

Biography
Risi was born in Milan  He had an older brother, Fernando, a cinematographer, and a younger brother, Nelo (1920–2015), a director and writer  At the age of twelve, Risi became an orphan and was looked after by relatives and friends of his family  He studied medicine but refused to become a psychiatrist, as his parents wishedRisi started his career in cinema as an assistant director to cinema figures such as Mario Soldati and Alberto Lattuada  Later he began directing his own films and was credited with giving early opportunities to future acting stars such as Sophia Loren and Vittorio Gassman  His 1966 film Treasure of San Gennaro was entered into the 5th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize His biggest hits were Poor, But Handsome (Poveri ma belli), followed by two sequels, which he also directed; A Difficult Life (Una vita difficile); The Easy Life (Il sorpasso); Opiate '67 or, in a cut version, 15 From Rome (I Mostri); and Scent of a Woman (Profumo di Donna), which was remade by Martin Brest starring Al Pacino in 1992 In 2002, he was awarded the Golden Lion – Honorary Award (Leone d'oro alla carriera) at the Venice Film Festival for his life-time work  Two of his films, Il giovedì and Il commissario Lo Gatto, were shown in a retrospective section on Italian comedy at the 67th Venice International Film Festival He died on 7 June 2008 at his residence in Rome  He was 91 and was survived by two children, Claudio Risi (1948–2020) and Marco Risi (1951), both film directors 

Filmography
Passage 6:
Ben Palmer
Ben Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director 
His television credits include the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta! (2002–2006), the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009–2010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020)  Palmer has also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and the romantic comedy Man Up (2015) 

Biography
Palmer was born and raised in Penny Bridge, Barrow-in-Furness  He attended Chetwynde School His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta!, which he co-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis  Palmer directed the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010, respectively 

Filmography
Bo' Selecta! (2002–06)
Comedy Lab (2004–2010)
Bo! in the USA (2006)
The Inbetweeners (2009–2010)
The Inbetweeners Movie (2011)
Comedy Showcase (2012)
Milton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)
Them from That Thing (2012)
Bad Sugar (2012)
Chickens (2013)
London Irish (2013)
Man Up (2015)
SunTrap (2015)
BBC Comedy Feeds (2016)
Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)
Back (2017)
Comedy Playhouse (2017)
Urban Myths (2017–19)
Click & Collect (2018)
Semi-Detached (2019)
Breeders (2020)
Passage 7:
Bomgay
Bomgay is a 1996 Indian anthology of short films directed by Riyad Vinci Wadia and Jangu Sethna  The film stars Kushal Punjabi and Rahul Bose with music by Ashutosh Phatak  It is often regarded as India's first gay film and is known for its  gay sex scene in a library  Bomgay consists of six segments, each based on a poem by Indian writer R  Raj Rao 

Segments
"Opinions"
"Underground"
"Lefty"
"E unema no"
"Bomgay"
"Friends"

Cast
Rahul Bose as The Lefty
Kushal Punjabi as The Sodomiser
Tarun Shahani as Enema Boy
R  Raj Rao as The Opinionated
Farud Cambata as Bombay Dost
Freddy Firoze as Muthree Rani
Eric Rosenbaumm as Sex Tourist

Production
In 1995 Riyad Vinci Wadia, having released his debut film Fearless, decided to make a film based on gay culture in Bombay  He read R  Raj Rao's poetry collection One Day I Locked My Flat in Soul City and invited him to collaborate on a film script with him  It was difficult to find funding for the film in India, so the project was temporarily put on hold until Wadia read Rao's newest work, a collection of poems called "Bomgay"  He decided to make a low-budget short film based on the poems  As "Bomgay" had a limited budget of Rs  500,000, Wadia planned to use friends from the gay community to help keep costs down  He discovered that this was difficult as people were afraid of being outed if they worked on the film, so he enlisted the help of his friends from the Bombay advertising industry instead  Wadia secured Rahul Bose for the lead role  The film was shot in Bombay with scenes taking place in railroad cars shot guerrilla style  In order to shoot footage of a gay sex scene, the crew pretended that they were making a public service film on ragging  The film was not released commercially in India as Wadia did not submit it to the Censor Board, believing that they would refuse it a certificate 
Passage 8:
Drew Esocoff
Drew Esocoff (born c  1957) is an American television sports director, who as of 2006 has been the director of NBC Sunday Night Football 

Early life
Esocoff was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, graduating from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1975, later attending Colgate University  While in college he worked as a substitute teacher at Elizabeth High School where one of his students was Todd Bowles 

Career
Esocoff has worked for ESPN and ABC, serving as director for Monday Night Football, SportsCenter, and the NBA Finals, as well as five Super Bowls  Since 2006, he has served as director for NBC Sunday Night Football 
As of 2015, Esocoff has won 11 Emmy Awards 
Passage 9:
Elliot Silverstein
Elliot Silverstein (born August 3, 1927) is a retired American film and television director  He directed the Academy Award-winning western comedy Cat Ballou (1965), and other films including The Happening (1967), A Man Called Horse (1970), Nightmare Honeymoon (1974), and The Car (1977)  His television work includes four episodes of The Twilight Zone (1961–1964) 

Career
Elliot Silverstein was the director of six feature films in the mid-twentieth century  The most famous of these by far is Cat Ballou, a comedy-western starring Jane Fonda and Lee Marvin 
The other Silverstein films, in chronological order, are The Happening, A Man Called Horse,  Nightmare Honeymoon, The Car, and Flashfire 
Other work included directing for the television shows The Twilight Zone, The Nurses, Picket Fences, and Tales from the Crypt 
While Silverstein was not a prolific director, his films were often decorated  Cat Ballou, for instance, earned one Oscar and was nominated for four more  His high quality work was rewarded in 1990 with a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Directors Guild of America 

Awards
In 1965, at the 15th Berlin International Film Festival, he won the Youth Film Award – Honorable Mention, in the category of Best Feature Film Suitable for Young People for Cat Ballou 
He was also nominated for the Golden Berlin Bear In 1966, he was nominated for the DGA Award in the category for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures (Cat Ballou) 
In 1971, he won the Bronze Wrangler award at the Western Heritage Awards in the category of Theatrical Motion Picture for A Man Called Horse, along with producer Sandy Howard, writer Jack DeWitt, and actors Judith Anderson, Jean Gascon, Corinna Tsopei and Richard Harris In 1985, he won the Robert B  Aldrich Achievement Award from the Directors Guild of America 
In 1990, he was awarded the DGA Honorary Life Member Award 

Personal life
Silverstein has been married three times, each ending in divorce  His first marriage was to Evelyn Ward in 1962; the couple divorced in 1968  His second marriage was to Alana King  During his first marriage, he was the step-father of David Cassidy 
He currently lives in North Hollywood, Los Angeles  Actively retired, Silverstein has taught film at USC and continues to work on screen plays and other projects 

Filmography
Tales from the Crypt (TV Series) (1991–94)
Picket Fences (TV Series) (1993)
Rich Men, Single Women (TV Movie) (1990)
Fight for Life (TV Movie) (1987)
Night of Courage (TV Movie) (1987)
Betrayed by Innocence (TV Movie) (1986)
The Firm (TV Series) (1982–1983)
The Car (1977)
Nightmare Honeymoon (1974)
A Man Called Horse (1970)
The Happening (1967)
Cat Ballou (1965)
Kraft Suspense Theatre (TV Series) (1963–64)
The Defenders (TV Series) (1962–64)
Arrest and Trial (TV Series) (1964)
The Doctors and the Nurses (TV Series) (1962–64)
Twilight Zone (TV Series) (1961–64)
Breaking Point (TV Series) (1963)
Dr  Kildare (TV Series) (1961–63)
The Dick Powell Theatre (TV Series) (1962)
Belle Sommers (TV Movie) (1962)
Naked City (TV Series) (1961–62)
Have Gun - Will Travel (TV Series) (1961)
Route 66 (TV Series) (1960–61)
Checkmate (TV Series) (1961)
The Westerner (TV Series) (1960)
Assignment: Underwater (TV Series) (1960)
Black Saddle (TV Series) (1960)
Suspicion (TV Series) (1958)
Omnibus (TV Series) (1954–56)
Passage 10:
Il Gaucho
Il Gaucho (internationally released as The Gaucho) is a  1964 Italian comedy film directed by Dino Risi  It was co-produced by Clemente Lococo, an Argentinian production company, and in Argentina it was released as Un italiano en la Argentina  For his role in this film Nino Manfredi won a Grolla d'oro for best actor 

Cast
Vittorio Gassman as Marco Ravicchio
Amedeo Nazzari as Ingegnere Marucchelli
Nelly Panizza as Ines Marucchelli
Jorgelina Aranda: Italia Marucchelli
Umberto D'Orsi as Gianni Pertini
Maria Grazia Buccella as Mara
Annie Gorassini as Lorella
Guido Gorgatti as Giulio
Norberto Sánchez Calleja as Cecilio
Maria Fiore as Maria
Francesco Mulè as Fiorini
Nora Cárpena as Lida
Nino Manfredi as Stefano
Silvana Pampanini as Luciana
Nando Angelini as Aldo
Nelly Tesolín as Prostitute
Aldo Vianello
Vicky Astori
Amparito Castro
Mario Mario
José Del Vecchio
Rafael Diserio
Carmen Pericolo
Context 2: Passage 1:
Mélanie Bernard
Mélanie Bernard (born 14 September 1974) is a former professional tennis player from Canada 

Biography
A right-handed player from Quebec, Bernard had a best singles ranking of 253 
Bernard was most successful as a doubles player, ranked as high as 90 in the world, often partnering with Caroline Delisle  She and Delisle made the round of 16 at the 1994 French Open  The pair also competed together in the main draw of the 1995 Wimbledon Championships and took a set off top seeds Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva in a first round loss 

ITF finals
Doubles (4–6)
Passage 2:
Jean-David Bernard
Jean-David Bernard (born 27 July 1977 in Melun) is a French rower 
Passage 3:
Bernard (son of Charles the Fat)
Bernard or Bernhard (c  870 – 891/2) was the only child of Emperor Charles the Fat  He was born of an unknown concubine and was thus considered illegitimate  Charles tried to make him his heir, but failed in two attempts 
Charles tried to have Bernard recognised as his heir in 885, but met the opposition of several bishops  He had the support of Pope Adrian III, whom he invited to an assembly in Worms in October 885, but who died on the way, just after crossing the river Po  Adrian was going to depose the obstructing bishops, as Charles doubted he could do this himself, and legitimise Bernard  Based on the disfavouring attitude of the chronicler of the Mainz continuation of the Annales Fuldenses, the chief of Charles' opponents in the matter was probably Liutbert, Archbishop of Mainz  Because Charles had called together the "bishops and counts of Gaul" as well as the pope to meet him at Worms, it seems likely that he planned to make Bernard King of Lotharingia  Notker the Stammerer, who considered Bernard as a possible heir, wrote in his Deeds of Charlemagne: "I will not tell you [Charles the Fat] of this [the Viking sack of the Abbey of Prüm] until I see your little son Bernard with a sword girt to his thigh " Perhaps Notker was awaiting Bernard's kingship, when Prüm would be avenged  
After the failure of his first attempt, Charles set about to try again, apparently having given up on having any legitimate children with his wife, Richardis  He had the term proles (offspring) inserted into his charters as it had not been in previous years, probably because he desired to legitimise Bernard  In early 886, Charles met the new Pope, Stephen V, and probably negotiated for the recognition of his son as his heir  When Stephen cancelled a planned meeting at Waiblingen on 30 April 887, Charles probably abandoned his plans for Bernard and instead adopted Louis of Provence as his son at Kirchen in May  It is possible, however, that the agreement with Louis was only designed to engender support for Bernard's subkingship in Lotharingia  
After his father's death, Bernard became the focus of revolt for some Alemannian magnates  In 890, he rebelled against Arnulf of Carinthia and prevented the king from going into Italy as requested by Pope Stephen V  Bernard had the support of Count Ulrich of the Linzgau and Argengau and Bernard, Abbot of Saint Gall  Probably, he fled Alemannia for Italy and the protection of Arnulf's rival, King Guy, as recorded by the late medieval historian Gobelinus, who may have had a lost Carolingian work as his source  By the winter of 891/2, Bernard had returned to Alemannia  The revolt was finally put down by Solomon III, Bishop of Constance, and Hatto, Abbot of Reichenau  Arnulf entered Alemannia in the summer to redistribute lands  Bernard was killed by Rudolf, Duke of Rhaetia, and only then did the unrest in Alemannia cease These events are not mentioned in the main East Frankish source, the Annals of Fulda, rather they come from brief notices in the Annales Alamannici and Annales Laubacenses, which record that in 890, "Bernard, Charles's son, barely escaped the net", and in 891 (which possibly should be 892), he "was killed by Rudolf", without specifying who Rudolf was 

Notes
Sources
Offergeld, Thilo (2001)  Reges pueri: Das Königtum Minderjähriger im frühen Mittelalter  Vol  2 vols  Hanover 
Reuter, Timothy (1991)  Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c  800–1056  London: Longman 
Reuter, Timothy, ed  (1992)  The Annals of Fulda  Manchester Medieval Series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II  Manchester University Press 
MacLean, Simon (2003)  Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire  Cambridge University Press 
Passage 4:
Michèle Bernard
Michèle Bernard (French: [miʃɛl bɛʁnaʁ], born 26 October 1947) is a French singer and songwriter 

Discography
1988 : Michèle Bernard en Public
1992 : Des nuits noires de monde
1997 : Nomade     (Chansons pour les petits et les grands)
1997 : Quand vous me rendrez visite
1999 : Voler   
2002 : Mes premiers vinyls
2002 : Une fois qu'on s'est tout dit
2004 : Poésies pour les enfants
2004 : L'oiseau noir du champ fauve, cantate pour Louise Michel
2006 : Le nez en l'air
2008 : Piano Voix
2008 : Monsieur je m'en fous
2010 : Des nuits noires de monde Live
2012 : Sens Dessus Dessous

Awards
Grand Prix musique jeune public ADAMI 2013
Passage 5:
Yvonne Bernard
Yvonne Mercedes Bernard (born March 6, 1959) is an American film, television, and commercial producer 

Life and career
Yvonne M  Bernard was born in Tarrytown, New York to Bob and Prudy Bernard  She is the sister of Dan Bernard, who is the SVP of Development and Production at Lookout Entertainment and frequently collaborates with her as a producer on several features and commercial projects   Yvonne has four siblings,  Bob Bernard,  Daphne Broudy, and the Lynne Bernard   She attended the University of Iowa and graduated with a degree in Journalism and Theater Arts 
Yvonne represents and produces all content for her friend, author R  L  Stine for film and television  She became one of the first women to 100 per cent own a production company in the United States 
After working on a Stine film in Morocco in the early 1990s, Bernard started an import/export business in California  At the time, she was the only American importing Moroccan goods into the United States 
In 1996, Bernard founded Lookout Entertainment Inc , a film, TV, digital media and commercial production company located in Hermosa Beach, California  Bernard/Lookout has gone on to produce commercials, feature films, and television shows  In addition, she has also produced a number of short films that have been used on rides in prominent theme parks including SeaWorld, San Diego and Busch Gardens 
Bernard has served as an producer for  films including ”Mostly Ghostly: Who Let the Ghosts Out?(2008)”, Mostly Ghostly: Have You Met My Ghoulfriend?(2014), ”Mostly Ghostly: One Night in Doom House”  and Mostly Ghostly: Have You Met My Ghoulfriend? (2016)  Throughout her career, she has also been credited an executive producer for the short film Haunted Lighthouse (2003), MTV series Eye Candy (TV series) (2015), and numerous commercials for Ross Stores, Wendy's, Carl's Jr , Mercury Insurance, Smart and Final, Anna's Linens and Shoe PavilionShe is currently working with Warner Bros , Fox, Disney and Lions Gate 
Bernard currently resides in Hermosa Beach, where she lives with her partner Henry, her two children and their two golden retrievers, Gracie and Porter 

Filmography
2003: Haunted Lighthouse (executive producer)
2008: Mostly Ghostly: Who Let the Ghosts Out?
2014: Mostly Ghostly: Have You Met My Ghoulfriend? (executive producer)
2015: Eye Candy (TV series) (11 episodes, executive producer)
2016 Mostly Ghostly: One Night in Doom House (executive producer)
Passage 6:
Joel Bernard
Joel Bernard (born December 8, 1963) is a Canadian conservative politician 

Political career
Provincial
He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, representing Nepisiguit, in the general election of 1999 and became deputy speaker of the Legislature   He was defeated in his bid for a second term in the 2003 election by former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Frank Branch  Branch had represented the area from 1970 to 1995, when he retired and did not seek re-election 
Bernard was one of several defeated Progressive Conservative MLAs who were appointed to government positions by Premier Bernard Lord following their defeat in the 2003 election   These appointments were widely criticized as excessive patronage by the media and the opposition Liberals 
Bernard had been appointed to oversee and economic development fund for the Restigouche-Baie des Chaleurs region  He took a leave of absence from his position in March 2004 to be a Conservative candidate in the 2004 federal election 

Federal
In late April 2005, Bernard announced he would be a candidate for the Conservative nomination for the riding of Ottawa—Orléans for the next federal election   On May 16, he was defeated by Royal Galipeau, a former member of the Liberal Party of Canada, for the nomination by a margin of 174 to 126, who went on to win the seat in the election 
From 2006 to 2008, Bernard held the position of Senior Policy Advisor in the office of Stockwell Day, Minister of Public Safety in the new Conservative government 
In the 2008 federal election, the Conservative Party brought Bernard to Nova Scotia to run against Conservative-turned-Independent Bill Casey in the riding of Cumberland–Colchester–Musquodoboit Valley  On election night, Casey was re-elected by over 22,000 votes, with Bernard finishing third, polling just under 9% Bernard was the Senior Policy Advisor for aerospace, procurements, industrial regional benefits and the auto file to Tony Clement, Minister of Industry Canada, until he left the position in 2010  Since then, he has held several positions of Senior Policy Advisor for Fisheries & Oceans Canada, International Development and La francophonie  He is presently employed as a Parliamentary Affairs Advisor for Pierre Paul-Hus, the Shadow minister for Public Safety, Border Security and Emergency Preparedness and the Member of Parliament for Charlesbourg – Haute – Saint-Charles 
In March 2019, Bernard won the Ottawa—Vanier Conservative nomination contest, becoming their candidate for the 2019 federal election 

Personal life
He lives in Ottawa, Ontario with his wife Catherine and his two children, Lilianne and Samuel  Joel's sister-in-law is the former special assistant of former Chief of Staf Nigel Wright, and later former personnel manager of the Office of the Prime Minister of Canada Monica Bernard 
Joel Bernard is an evangelical Christian 

Electoral record
Federal
Provincial
Passage 7:
Escarlata Bernard
Victoria Escarlata Bernard (born 17 March 1989 in Las Palmas) is a Spanish backstroke swimmer who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics 
Passage 8:
Charles the Fat
Charles III (839 – 13 January 888), also known as Charles the Fat, was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 888  A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, and a great-grandson of Charlemagne  He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule a united kingdom of the Franks 
Over his lifetime, Charles became ruler of the various kingdoms of Charlemagne's former empire  Granted lordship over Alamannia in 876, following the division of East Francia, he succeeded to the Italian throne upon the abdication of his older brother Carloman of Bavaria who had been incapacitated by a stroke  Crowned emperor in 881 by Pope John VIII, his succession to the territories of his brother Louis the Younger (Saxony and Bavaria) the following year reunited the kingdom of East Francia  Upon the death of his cousin Carloman II in 884, he inherited all of West Francia, thus reuniting the entire Carolingian Empire 
Usually considered lethargic and inept—he was frequently ill, and is believed to have had epilepsy—Charles twice purchased peace with Viking raiders, including at the infamous Siege of Paris, which led to his downfall 
The reunited empire did not last  During a coup led by his nephew Arnulf of Carinthia in November 887, Charles was deposed in East Francia, Lotharingia, and the Kingdom of Italy  Forced into quiet retirement, he died of natural causes in January 888, just a few weeks after his deposition  The Empire quickly fell apart after his death, splintering into five separate successor kingdoms; the territory it had occupied was not entirely reunited under one ruler until the conquests of Napoleon 

Nickname and number
The nickname "Charles the Fat" (Latin Carolus Crassus) is not contemporary  It was first used by the Annalista Saxo (the anonymous "Saxon Annalist") in the twelfth century  There is no contemporary reference to Charles's physical size, but the nickname has stuck and is the common name in most modern European languages (French Charles le Gros, German Karl der Dicke, Italian Carlo il Grosso) His numeral is roughly contemporary  Regino of Prüm, a contemporary of Charles's recording his death, calls him "Emperor Charles, third of that name and dignity" (Latin Carolus imperator, tertius huius nominis et dignitatis) 

Biography
Youth and inheritance
Charles was the youngest of the three sons of Louis the German, first King of East Francia, and Hemma from the House of Welf  An incident of demonic possession is recorded in his youth, in which he was said to have been foaming at the mouth before he was taken to the altar of the church  This greatly affected him and his father  He was described as: "… a very Christian prince, fearing God, with all his heart keeping His commandments, very devoutly obeying the orders of the Church, generous in alms-giving, practising unceasingly prayer and song, always intent upon celebrating the praises of God "In 859, Charles was made Count of the Breisgau, an Alemannic march bordering southern Lotharingia  In 863 his rebellious eldest brother Carloman revolted against their father  The next year Louis the Younger followed Carloman in revolt and Charles joined him  Carloman received rule over the Duchy of Bavaria  In 865, the elder Louis was forced to divide his remaining lands among his heirs: the Duchy of Saxony (along with the Duchy of Franconia and the Duchy of Thuringia) went to Louis, Alemannia (the Duchy of Swabia along with Rhaetia) went to Charles, and Lotharingia was to be divided between the younger two When in 875 the Emperor Louis II, who was also King of Italy, died having agreed with Louis the German that Carloman would succeed him in Italy, Charles the Bald of West Francia invaded the peninsula and had himself crowned king and emperor  Louis the German sent first Charles and then Carloman himself, with armies containing Italian forces under Berengar of Friuli, their cousin, to the Italian kingdom  These wars, however, were not successful until the death of Charles the Bald in 877 In 876 Louis the German died and the inheritance was divided as planned after a conference at Ries, though Charles received less of his share of Lotharingia than planned
Context 3: Passage 1:
Pier-Luc Funk
Pier-Luc Funk (born May 5, 1994) is a Canadian film and television actor from Quebec  He is most noted for his role as Maxime in the 2018 film Genesis (Genèse), for which he received a Prix Iris nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the 21st Quebec Cinema Awards Funk had his first acting role in childhood, as the protagonist of the 2008 film A No-Hit No-Run Summer (Un été sans point ni coup sûr)  Following that he joined the cast of the teen drama series Tactik, in which he played Samuel Langevin from 2009 to 2013 In 2014 and 2015 he was a cast member in SNL Québec, a Quebec-based adaptation of Saturday Night Live  After the show was cancelled by Télé-Québec in 2015, he joined the cast of the new series Le nouveau show  In the same year he joined the cast of the drama series Mémoires vives as Jérémie, a sinister character who plotted and carried out a kidnapping of the main character's daughter  In 2017, he won the Prix Gémeaux for Best Actor in a Drama Series for Mémoires vives, the youngest actor to win in the history of the category In 2021 Funk hosted Sans rancune, a TVA variety series  In an episode devoted to drag queens in February, Funk participated in a lipsync battle against Rita Baga 

Filmography
2008 - A No-Hit No-Run Summer (Un été sans point ni coup sûr): Martin
2013 - Vic and Flo Saw a Bear (Vic+Flo ont vu un ours): Charlot Smith
2014 - 1987: Dallaire
2015 - The Demons (Les Démons): Ben
2015 - Aurélie Laflamme: Les pieds sur terre: Jean-Benoît Houde
2016 - Kiss Me Like a Lover (Embrasse-moi comme tu m'aimes): Donat
2017 - Sashinka: Prêteur sur gages
2018 - Genesis (Genèse): Maxime
2019 - Matthias & Maxime: Rivette
2020 - Flashwood: Luc
2021 - Entre deux draps: Antoine
2021 - The Time Thief (L'Arracheuse de temps)
Passage 2:
Ed Gill
Edward James Gill (August 7, 1895 – October 10, 1995) was an American professional baseball pitcher  He appeared in sixteen Major League Baseball games for the Washington Senators in 1919 

Biography
A native of Somerville, Massachusetts, Gill played college baseball for Holy Cross from 1916 to 1919, where he was coached by Baseball Hall of Famer Jesse Burkett  In 1916 and 1917, he played summer baseball for the Hyannis town team in what is now the Cape Cod Baseball League  At Hyannis, he pitched a no-hit, no-run game where he did not allow a ball to be hit to the outfield In Gill's lone season in the big leagues, he started two games and appeared in 16 total for the Senators, tossing 37 1 innings, and posting a 1–1 record with a 4 82 ERA  He made eight plate appearances, earning one base on balls and no hits  His major league debut came on July 5, when he hurled a 1-2-3 inning of relief in Washington's 6–4 loss in the first game of a doubleheader with the New York Yankees at the Polo Grounds  Gill's lone major league victory September 3 against the Philadelphia Athletics at Shibe Park  Gill tossed the first five innings and gave up two runs on four hits  He gave way to Jim Shaw, who went the rest of the way on the mound, and the Senators' Hall of Fame outfielder Sam Rice went 3–for–4 with a double, stolen base and two runs scored in the Senators' 4–3 win Gill died in Brockton, Massachusetts in 1995 at the age of 100 
Passage 3:
Obata Toramori
Obata Toramori (小畠虎盛, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" 
He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters  
He was the father of Obata Masamori 

See also
Isao Obata
Passage 4:
A No-Hit No-Run Summer
A No-Hit No-Run Summer (French: Un été sans point ni coup sûr) is a Canadian sports drama film, directed by Francis Leclerc and released in 2008 Written by Marc Robitaille as an adaptation of his own novel, the film is set in the late 1960s and stars Pier-Luc Funk as Martin, a young boy who loves baseball and dreams of someday playing for the new Montreal Expos  He is disappointed when he is not chosen for the local youth baseball team by coach Gilbert Turcotte (Roy Dupuis), but his hope is restored when his father Charles (Patrice Robitaille) decides to organize and coach a new baseball team for the kids who didn't make it onto Turcotte's team The film received two Prix Jutra nominations at the 11th Jutra Awards in 2009, for Best Editing (Glenn Berman) and Best Original Music (Carl Bastien, Luc Sicard) 

Cast
Patrice Robitaille as Charles
Pier-Luc Funk as Martin
Jacinthe Laguë as Mireille
Roy Dupuis as Gilbert Turcotte
Peter Batakliev as Monsieur B
Frédérique Dufort as Sophie
Phillip Jarrett as Mack Jones
Guy-Daniel Tremblay as Fern
Guy Thauvette as M  Audet
Victor Desjardins as Grand Pete

Music
In addition to Fernand Lapierre's recording of the Montreal Expos theme song "Les Expos sont là", the film's soundtrack included a number of popular French and English songs from the era  Most were rerecorded as new covers by contemporary Quebec artists, although Robert Charlebois and Louise Forestier's "Lindberg" was included in its original version, and a few songs, including the theme to the television sitcom Gilligan's Island, were sung diegetically by the film's own cast 
"Je reviens chez nous" (Jean-Pierre Ferland) - Fernand Lapierre
"Les Expos sont là" (Marc Gélinas, Marcel Lefebvre) - Fernand Lapierre
"L'amour est bleu" (André Popp, Pierre Cour) - Luc Sicard and Carl Bastien
"People Got to Be Free" (Felix Cavaliere, Eddie Brigati) - Louis Larivière
"Working for the Man" (Roy Orbison) - Luck Mervil
"Daydream" (John Sebastian) - Ariane Moffatt
"The Ballad of Gilligan's Isle" (George Wyle, Sherwood Schwartz) - Pier-Luc Funk, Victor Desjardins, Simon Pigeon, Jean Carl Boucher
"California Dreamin'" (John Phillips, Michelle Philips) - Luck Mervil, Daniel Bélanger, Ariane Moffatt, Marie-Pierre Arthur
"Sunshine Superman" (Donovan) - Daniel Bélanger
"These Eyes" (Randy Bachman, Burton Cummings) - Béatrice Bonifassi
"Lindberg" (Robert Charlebois, Claude Péloquin) - Robert Charlebois, Louise Forestier
"The House of the Rising Sun" (Alan Price) - Sandrine St-Onge, Frédérique Dufort
Passage 5:
Anthony Lerew
Anthony Allen Lerew (born October 28, 1982) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves and Kansas City Royals; he also played Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, and in the KBO League for the Kia Tigers, he also played for the Navegantes del Magallanes on the LVBP Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional where on 11/21/2010 against the Leones del Caracas (the biggest rival team) he managed to throw a no hit no run game 

Career
Atlanta Braves
Lerew, a graduate of Northern York High School in Dillsburg, Pennsylvania, was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 11th round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft   After four seasons in the Braves' minor league system, he debuted on September 4, 2005, in a home game against the Cincinnati Reds  In the 2005 season, Lerew recorded no wins, no losses, 5 strikeouts, and a 5 62 earned run average in 7 games, all of which were relief outings 
On February 23, 2006, the Braves signed Lerew to a one-year deal  A month later, on February 23, he was optioned to the Triple-A Richmond Braves  With Richmond, Lerew compiled a 3–5 record with a 7 48 ERA and 69 strikeouts in 16 games, 15 of which he started 
The Braves called up Lerew from Richmond on September 1, 2006  He made his 2006 debut the next day with a relief appearance in the fifth inning  Lerew pitched 2 innings, allowing 5 runs and striking out 1 batter  He was sent back down to the Richmond Braves on September 4, having appeared in only one game 
On May 8, 2007, Lerew made his first big-league start for Atlanta when he was called up from Richmond yet again, this time to replace Mark Redman in a game against the San Diego Padres  He was later sent down to Richmond again 
On June 20, 2007, Lerew underwent season-ending Tommy John surgery and was placed on the 60-day disabled list  He recovered from surgery in Southern Florida, at the Braves extended spring training site  Once recovered, he spent the rest of 2008 pitching for the Gulf Coast Braves and with Triple-A Richmond 
On March 5, 2009, Lerew was outrighted to Triple-A Gwinnett to make room on the roster for Tom Glavine, and was released five days later 

Kansas City Royals
On March 18, 2009, Lerew signed a minor league deal with the Kansas City Royals  Lerew spent the 2009 minor league season with the Double-A Northwest Arkansas Naturals   He was called up in September and made his Royals debut on September 24, 2009  He re-signed with them in February On June 16, 2010, Lerew was called up from the Triple-A Omaha Royals to the Royals to replace Luke Hochevar, who went on the disabled list with a sprained elbow  He earned his first career major league win on June 28 of that year over the Chicago White Sox 

Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks
Lerew signed with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball for the 2011 season 

Kia Tigers
On January 16, 2012, Lerew signed a bonus of $50,000 with Kia Tigers of the Korea Baseball Organization with Alex Graman  As a starter, he went 11–13 in his first season with them, with 94 strikeouts and an earned run average of 3 83  He was resigned with Kia Tigers for 2013 season, but was released on July 24, 2013 

York Revolution
On April 11, 2014, the York Revolution signed Lerew 

Los Angeles Angels
Lerew signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim on May 20, 2014 

York Revolution
Lerew signed with the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the 2015 season  He became a free agent after the 2015 season 
Passage 6:
Inoue Masaru (bureaucrat)
Viscount Inoue Masaru (井上 勝, August 25, 1843 – August 2, 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known as the "father of the Japanese railways" 

Biography
He was born into the Chōshū clan at Hagi, Yamaguchi, the son of Katsuyuki Inoue  He was briefly adopted into the Nomura family and became known as Nomura Yakichi, though he was later restored to the Inoue family 
Masaru Inoue was brought up as the son of a samurai belonging to the Chōshū fief



ground_truth: Bomgay

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the place of birth of Bernard (Son Of Charles The Fat)'s father?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  In his charters, Charles's reign in Germania is dated from his inheritance in 876 

Acquisition of Italy
Three brothers ruled in cooperation and avoided wars over the division of their patrimony: a rare occurrence in the Early Middle Ages  In 877, Carloman finally inherited Italy from his uncle Charles the Bald  Louis divided Lotharingia and offered a third to Carloman and a third to Charles  In 878, Carloman returned his Lotharingian share to Louis, who then divided it evenly with Charles  In 879, Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke and divided his domains between his brothers: Bavaria went to Louis and Italy to Charles  Charles dated his reign in Italia from this point, and from then he spent most of his reign until 886 in his Italian kingdom In 880, Charles joined Louis III of France and Carloman II, the joint kings of West Francia, in a failed siege of Boso of Provence in Vienne from August to September  Provence, legally a part of the Italian kingdom from 863, had rebelled under Boso  In August 882, Charles sent Richard, Duke of Burgundy, Count of Autun, to take the city, which he finally did in September  After this, Boso was restricted to the vicinity of Vienne 

Imperial coronation
On 18 July 880, Pope John VIII sent a letter to Guy II of Spoleto seeking peace, but the duke ignored him and invaded the Papal States  John responded by begging the aid of Charles in his capacity as king of Italy and crowned Charles emperor on 12 February 881  This was accompanied by hopes of a general revival in western Europe, but Charles proved to be unequal to the task  Charles did little to help against Guy II  Papal letters as late as November were still petitioning Charles for action As emperor, Charles began the construction of a palace at Sélestat in Alsace  He modelled it after the Palace at Aachen which was built by Charlemagne, whom he consciously sought to emulate, as indicated by the Gesta Karoli Magni of Notker the Stammerer  As Aachen was located in the kingdom of his brother, it was necessary for Charles to build a new palace for his court in his own power base of western Alemannia  Sélestat was also more centrally located than Aachen In February 882, Charles convoked a diet in Ravenna  The duke, emperor, and pope made peace and Guy and his uncle, Guy of Camerino, vowed to return the papal lands  In a March letter to Charles, John claimed that the vows went unfulfilled  In 883, Guy of Camerino, now duke of Spoleto, was accused of treason at an imperial synod held at Nonantula late in May  He returned to Spoleto and made an alliance with the Saracens  Charles sent Berengar against Guy III  Berengar was initially successful until an epidemic of disease, which ravaged all of Italy, affecting the emperor and his entourage as well as Berengar's army, forced him to retreat In 883, Charles signed a treaty with Giovanni II Participazio, Doge of Venice, granting that any assassin of a doge who fled to the territory of the Empire would be fined 100 lbs of gold and banished 

Rule in East Francia
In the early 880s, the remnants of the Great Heathen Army, defeated by Alfred the Great at the Battle of Ethandun in 878, began to settle in the Low Countries  Charles's brother Louis the Younger had opposed them with some success, but he died after a short campaign on 20 January 882, leaving his throne to Charles, who reunited the whole East Frankish kingdom After returning from Italy, Charles held an assembly at Worms with the purpose of dealing with the Vikings  Armies from the whole East Francia were assembled in the summer under Arnulf, Duke of Carinthia, and Henry, Count of Saxony  The chief Viking camp was then besieged at Asselt  Charles then opened negotiations with the Viking chiefs Godfrid and Sigfred  Godfrid accepted Christianity and became Charles's vassal  He was married to Gisela, daughter of Lothair II of Lotharingia  Sigfred was bribed off  Despite the insinuations of some modern historians, no contemporary account criticised Charles's actions during this campaign  In 885, fearing Godfrid and his brother-in-law, Hugh, Duke of Alsace, Charles arranged for a conference at Spijk near Lobith, where the Viking leader fell into his trap  Godfrid was executed, and Hugh was blinded and sent to Prüm From 882 to 884, the Wilhelminer War engulfed the March of Pannonia (later March of Austria)  Arnulf of Carinthia, Charles's illegitimate nephew, made an alliance with the rebel Engelschalk II against Aribo of Austria, Charles's appointed margrave of the region  Svatopluk I, ruler of Great Moravia, agreed to help Aribo and in 884 at Kaumberg took an oath of fidelity to Charles  Though the emperor lost his vassals of the Wilhelminer family and his relationship with his nephew was broken, he gained powerful new allies in the Moravian dux and other Slavic duces of the region 

Rule in West Francia
When Carloman II of West Francia died on 12 December 884, the nobles of the kingdom invited Charles to assume the kingship  Charles gladly accepted, it being the third kingdom to "fall into his lap"  According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Charles succeeded to all of the kingdom of Carloman except Brittany, but this does not seem to have been true  It is likely that Charles was crowned by Geilo, Bishop of Langres, as rex in Gallia on 20 May 885 at Grand in the Vosges in southern Lorraine  Although Geilo even developed a special West Frankish seal for him, Charles's government in the West was always very distant and he left most day-to-day business to the higher nobility Though West Francia (the future France) was far less menaced by the Vikings than the Low Countries, it was heavily hit nonetheless  In 885, a huge fleet led by Sigfred sailed up the Seine, for the first time in years, and besieged Paris  Sigfred demanded a bribe again, but this time Charles refused  He was in Italy at the time and Odo, Count of Paris, sneaked some men through enemy lines to seek his aid  Charles sent Henry of Saxony to Paris  In 886, as disease began to spread through Paris, Odo himself went to Charles to seek support  Charles brought a large army and encircled the army of Rollo and set up a camp at Montmartre  However, Charles had no intention of fighting  He sent the attackers up the Seine to ravage Burgundy, which was in revolt  When the Vikings withdrew from France next spring, he gave them 700 pounds of promised silver  Charles's prestige in France was greatly diminished Charles issued a number of charters for West Frankish recipients during his stay in Paris during and after the siege  He recognised rights and privileges granted by his predecessors to recipients in the Spanish March and Provence, but especially in Neustria, where he had contact with Nantes at a time when the Breton duke Alan I was known to be powerful in the county of Nantes  It is probable that Charles granted Alan the right to be titled rex; as emperor he would have had that prerogative and Alan's use of the title appears legitimate  A charter dated to between 897 and 900 makes reference to the soul of Karolus, on whose behalf Alan had ordered prayers to be said in the monastery of Redon  This was probably Charles the Fat 

Succession problems
Charles, childless by his marriage to Richgard, tried to have his illegitimate son by an unknown concubine, Bernard, recognised as his heir in 885, but this met with opposition from several bishops  He had the support of Pope Hadrian III, whom he invited to an assembly in Worms in October 885, but the pope died on the way there, just after crossing the river Po  Hadrian was going to remove the obstructing bishops for Charles, as he doubted he could do this himself, and legitimize Bernard  Based on the unfavorable attitude shown by the chronicler responsible for the Mainz continuation of the Annales Fuldenses, the chief of Charles's opponents in this matter was most likely Liutbert, Archbishop of Mainz  Because Charles had called together the "bishops and counts of Gaul" as well as the pope to meet him at Worms, it is likely that he had plans to make Bernard King of Lotharingia  Notker the Stammerer, who considered Bernard as a possible heir, wrote in his Deeds of Charlemagne:

I will not tell you [Charles the Fat] of this [the Viking sack of the Abbey of Prüm] until I see your little son Bernard with a sword girt to his thigh 
After the failure of this first attempt, Charles set about to try again  He had the term proles (offspring) inserted into his charters (it had not been in previous years), in a likely attempt to legitimize Bernard  In early 886 Charles met the new Pope Stephen V and probably negotiated for the recognition of his illegitimate son as heir  An assembly was planned for April and May of the following year at Waiblingen  Pope Stephen cancelled his planned attendance on 30 April 887  Nevertheless, at Waiblingen, Berengar, who after a brief feud with Liutward had lost the favour of the emperor, came in early May 887, made peace with the emperor and compensated for his actions of the previous year by dispensing great gifts Charles eventually abandoned his plans for Bernard and instead adopted Louis of Provence as his son at an assembly at Kirchen in May  It is possible, however, that the agreement with Louis was only designed to engender support for Bernard's sub-kingship in Lotharingia  In June or July, Berengar arrived in Kirchen, probably pining to be declared Charles's heir; he may in fact have been so named in Italy, where he was acclaimed (or made himself) king immediately after Charles's deposition  Odo, Count of Paris, may have had a similar purpose in visiting Charles at Kirchen  On the other hand, the presence of these magnates at these two great assemblies may merely have been necessary to confirm Charles's illegitimate son as his heir (Waiblingen), a plan which failed when the pope refused to attend, and then to confirm Louis instead (Kirchen) 

Deposition, death, and legacy
With Charles increasingly seen as spineless and incompetent, matters came to a head in late 887  In the summer of that year, having given up on plans for his son's succession, Charles received Odo and Berengar, Margrave of Friuli, a relative of his, at his court  He may have accepted neither, one, or both of these as his heir in their respective kingdoms  His inner circle then began to fall apart  First, he accused his wife Richgard of having an affair with his chief minister and archchancellor, Liutward, bishop of Vercelli  She proved her innocence in an ordeal of fire and left him for the monastic life  He then turned against Liutward, who was hated by all, and removed him from office, appointing Liutbert (archbishop of Mainz), in his place In that year, his first cousin once removed, Ermengard of Provence, daughter of the Emperor Louis II and wife of Boso of Provence, brought her son Louis the Blind to him for protection  Charles confirmed Louis in Provence (he may even have adopted him) and allowed them to live at his court  He probably intended to make Louis heir to the whole realm and the imperium  On 11 November, he called an assembly to Frankfurt  While there he received news that an ambitious nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, had fomented a general rebellion and was marching into Germany with an army of Bavarians and Slavs  The next week saw the collapse of all his support in East Francia  The last to abandon him were his loyal Alemanni, though the men of Lotharingia never seem to have formally accepted his deposition  By 17 November, Charles was out of power, though the exact course of events is unknown  Aside from rebuking his faithlessness, he did little to prevent Arnulf's move—he had recently been ill again—but assured that Bernard was entrusted to his care and possibly Louis too  He asked for a few estates in Swabia on which to live out his days and thus received Naudingen (Donaueschingen)  There he died six weeks later, on 13 January 888 The Empire fell apart, never to be restored  According to Regino of Prüm, each part of the realm elected a "kinglet" from its own "bowels"—the bowels being the regions inside the realm  It is probable that Arnulf desired the whole empire, but the only part he received other than East Francia was Lotharingia  The French elected Odo, although he was opposed at first by Guy III of Spoleto, who also opposed Arnulf in Lotharingia  Guy sought the kingship in Italy after his failures in Francia, despite Berengar having already been crowned  Louis was crowned in Provence, as Charles had intended, and he sought the support of Arnulf and gained it, probably through supplication to him  Odo would eventually submit to Arnulf's supremacy as well  In Upper Burgundy, one Rudolph, a dux of the region, was elected as king in a distinctly non-Carolingian creation, probably the result of his failure to succeed in the whole of Lotharingia  In Aquitaine, Ranulf II declared himself king and took the guardianship of the young Charles the Simple, the Carolingian heir to the West, refusing to recognise Odo's election It is unknown if these elections were a response to Charles's East Frankish deposition or to his death  Only those of Arnulf and Berengar can be certainly placed before his death  Only the magnates of the East ever formally deposed him  He was buried with honour in Reichenau after his death and the Annales Fuldenses heap praises on his piety and godliness  Indeed, contemporary opinion of Charles is consistently kinder than later historiography, though it is a modern suggestion that his lack of apparent successes is the excusable result of near constant illness and infirmity Charles was the subject of a hortative piece of Latin prose, the Visio Karoli Grossi, designed to champion the cause of Louis the Blind and warn the Carolingians that their continued rule was not certain if they did not have "divine" (i e  ecclesiastical) favour 

See also
Family tree of the German monarchs

Notes
Passage 9:
Obata Toramori
Obata Toramori (小畠虎盛, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" 
He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters  
He was the father of Obata Masamori 

See also
Isao Obata
Passage 10:
Yohann Bernard
Yohann Bernard (born August 7, 1974) is a breaststroke swimmer from France 

Career
Bernard won the bronze medal in the men's 200 metres breaststroke event at the 1999 European Championships in Istanbul  He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where he finished in seventh place in the 200 m breaststroke, clocking 02:13 31 in the final 
Context 3:  At 15, he entered the Nagasaki Naval Academy established by the Tokugawa shogunate under the direction of a Dutch naval officer  In 1863, Inoue and four friends from the Chōshū clan stowed away on a vessel to the United Kingdom  He studied civil engineering and mining at University College London and returned to Japan in 1868  After working for the government as a technical officer supervising the mining industry, he was appointed Director of the Railway Board in 1871  Inoue played a leading role in Japan's railway planning and construction, including the construction of the Nakasendo Railway, the selection of the alternative route (Tokaido), and the proposals for future mainline railway networks In 1891 Masaru Inoue founded Koiwai Farm with Yanosuke Iwasaki and Shin Onogi   After retirement from the government, Inoue founded Kisha Seizo Kaisha, the first locomotive manufacturer in Japan, becoming its first president in 1896  In 1909 he was appointed President of the Imperial Railway Association  He died of an illness in London in 1910, during an official visit on behalf of the Ministry of Railways 

Honors
Inoue and his friends later came to be known as the Chōshū Five  To commemorate their stay in London, two scholarships, known as the Inoue Masaru Scholarships, are available each session under the University College London 1863 Japan Scholarships scheme to enable University College students to study at a Japanese University  The value of the scholarships are £3000 each 
His tomb is in the triangular area of land where the Tōkaidō Main Line meets the Tōkaidō Shinkansen in Kita-Shinagawa 

Chōshū Five
These are the four other members of the "Chōshū Five":

Itō Shunsuke (later Itō Hirobumii)
Inoue Monta (later Inoue Kaoru)
Yamao Yōzō who later studied engineering at the Andersonian Institute, Glasgow, 1866-68 while working at the shipyards by day
Endō Kinsuke

See also
Japanese students in Britain
Statue of Inoue Masaru
Passage 7:
Ken Forsch
Kenneth Roth Forsch (born September 8, 1946) is an American former professional baseball player  He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher from 1970 to 1984, most prominently as a member of the Houston Astros where he helped the franchise win its first-ever National League Western Division title and postseason berth in 1980  A two-time All-Star player, Forsch pitched a no-hitter for the Astros on April 7, 1979  He ended his baseball career playing for the California Angels 

Career
Forsch was born in Sacramento, California where he graduated from Hiram Johnson High School and later attended the Oregon State University where he played for the Oregon State Beavers baseball team through the 1967–1968 seasons  He was selected by the Houston Astros in the 18th round (399th overall) of the 1968 Major League Baseball draft  He made his major league debut on September 7, 1970 at the age of 23 Forsch was selected to the All-Star Game in 1976 and 1981 On April 7, 1979, Forsch no-hit the Atlanta Braves 6–0 at the Astrodome  His brother Bob Forsch, who also pitched for the Astros, hurled two no-hitters while with the St  Louis Cardinals, making them the only set of brothers to pitch no-hitters in MLB history  The 1980 season went down to the wire, and Forsch was a part of the action  He went 12-13 during the season with a 3 20 ERA and on a then career-high 222 1 innings pitched; the rotation of him, Nolan Ryan, Joe Niekro, and J  R  Richard was slated to make a run at the National League West title, which they missed winning by one game the previous year  However, a stroke suffered by Richard late in the year saw the eventual end of his career  The Astros required a one-game playoff on October 6 after the Astros lost three straight games to the Los Angeles Dodgers in Dodger Stadium  Forsch had lost the first game on October 3 when trying to hang on to a precarious 2-1 lead  However, a single and a subsequent error set the stage for a Ron Cey base hit with two out to send the game into the 10th inning  On the first batter of the inning, Forsch allowed a home run that gave the Dodgers a 3-2 victory  The Astros prevailed in the tiebreaker game thanks to the efforts of Joe Niekro that set the Astros up in the 1980 National League Championship Series against the Philadelphia Phillies for Game 1 on the following day of October 7  Forsch was selected to start the game, which was the first playoff game in the history of the Astros  Facing Steve Carlton at Veterans Stadium, Forsch went eight innings and allowed three runs on eight hits with a walk and five strikeouts, as the Phillies broke through in the 6th on a two-run home run by Greg Luzinski and an pinch hit RBI single by Greg Gross in the 7th that got the Phillies a 3-1 victory  In Game 5, the Astros were on the verge of a pennant but needed relief down the stretch  They were leading 5-2 in the 8th inning, but Nolan Ryan had been taken out after allowing three hits and a walk to make the score 5-3 with the bases loaded  Forsch was put in after Joe Sambito had got a groundout to make it 5-4 with one out and two on  He struck out Mike Schmidt, but when facing Del Unser, Forsch allowed a base hit to right field that tied the game at 5  Now facing Manny Trillo, Forsch delivered a pitch that was smacked for a triple to left to clear the bases and give the Phillies a 7-5 lead  Forsch was pinch hit for in the 9th, which saw the Astros tie the game in the eventual loss in the 10th inning  It was the last appearance of Forsch in an Astros uniform and his only experience in the postseason  He was traded to the California Angels for Dickie Thon in April of 1981, eschewing the idea of being relegated to the bullpen and demanding a trade when general manager Al Rosen had acquired Don Sutton and Bob Knepper in the offseason 
In the strike-shortened 1981 season, Forsch went 11-7 with a 2 88 ERA in 153 innings, pitching a league high four shutouts while having 55 strikeouts  He was named to the All-Star Game for the second and final time  He went 13-11 in 1982, but he did not pitch in the postseason run by the Angels that saw them lose in the ALCS in five games  He went 11-12 in 1983 before suffering a setback in 1984, where he pitched in just two games, as he suffered a dislocated shoulder on April 7 when diving to the bag on a fielding play that had him land on his right elbow  He returned as a free agent in 1986, pitching as a middleman in ten games for 17 innings that saw him have a 9 53 ERA before being released on May 25 
During his 16-year career, Forsch compiled 114 wins, 1,047 strikeouts, and a 3 37 earned run average  After his career ended, He worked in commercial real estate along with serving as a member of the Angels’ Speakers Bureau before applying to work for the Angels as their director of player development, which was accepted  He worked for four years before having a promotion to assistant general manager in 1998  He won a World Series ring when the Angels won the championship in 2002  He was dismissed in 2011 

See also
Houston Astros award winners and league leaders
List of Houston Astros no-hitters
List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
Passage 8:
Paul Brooke
Paul Brooke (born 22 November 1944) is a retired English actor of film, television and radio  He made his film debut in 1972 in the Hammer film Straight on till Morning, followed by performances in For Your Eyes Only (1981), Return of the Jedi (1983), Scandal (1989), Saving Grace (2000), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001), Alfie (2004), The Phantom of the Opera (2004), and Oliver Twist (2005)  Brooke is the father of actor Tom Brooke 

Career
Brooke began as a stage actor and has played in many London productions, including several years as a member of Frank Dunlop's original Young Vic Company  He played Malakili the Rancor Keeper in the 1983 Star Wars film Return of the Jedi (his voiced dubbed over by Ernie Fosselius)  He played British Conservative politician Ian Gow in the 2004 BBC series The Alan Clark Diaries  In 2006, he guest starred in the Doctor Who audio adventure Year of the Pig as well as the 1990 Mr  Bean sketch "The Library"  He played Mr  Fitzherbert in the 2001 film Bridget Jones's Diary 
Other appearances in television dramas and comedies featuring Brooke include The Blackadder, Bertie and Elizabeth, the BBC adaptation of Blott on the Landscape, Lovejoy, Foyle's War, Rab C  Nesbitt, Kavanagh QC, Sharpe's Revenge, Midsomer Murders, Hustle, Covington Cross, The Kit Curran Radio Show, Between the Lines, Relic Hunter and Mornin' Sarge  He appeared in the miniseries Nostromo in 1997



ground_truth: East Francia

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the father of the director of film A No-Hit No-Run Summer?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 
He played Gríma Wormtongue in the 1981 BBC radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings 
He, Linal Haft and Frank Mills are the only actors to appear in both the Classic and New series of Minder, but playing different roles in each 

Filmography
Film
Television
External links
Paul Brooke at IMDb
Passage 9:
Francis Leclerc
Francis Leclerc (born 1971 in Quebec City) is a Canadian film and television director, screenwriter and film editor  He is the son of Félix Leclerc  Since 1995 he has worked in the Quebec film industry, directing music videos for many well-known Quebec artists  He has directed more than 20 short and medium-length films, including a television adaptation of Robert Lepage’s Les Sept branches de la rivière Ota  He directed and co-wrote his critically acclaimed debut feature, A Girl at the Window (Une jeune fille à la fenêtre), in 2001  His second feature, Looking for Alexander (Mémoires affectives), a nuanced and mature work about lost memory and childhood tragedy, secured him Genie Awards for best director and screenplay as well as the Prix Jutra for direction 
His film Barefoot at Dawn (Pieds nus dans l'aube), an adaptation of his father's semi-autobiographical novel of the same name, was released in 2017 In 2018 he was the patron and curator of the Festival Vues dans la tête de    film festival in Rivière-du-Loup 

Filmography
A Girl at the Window (Une jeune fille à la fenêtre) - 2001
Looking for Alexander (Mémoires affectives) - 2004
Marie-Antoinette, la véritable histoire - 2006
A No-Hit No-Run Summer (Un été sans point ni coup sûr) - 2008
Trotteur - 2011
Barefoot at Dawn (Pieds nus dans l'aube) - 2017
The Time Thief (L'Arracheuse de temps) - 2021
The Dishwasher (Le Plongeur) - 2022

Recognition
2005 Genie Award for Best Achievement in Direction - Looking for Alexander - Won
2005 Genie Award for Best Original Screenplay - Looking for Alexander - Nominated (shared with Marcel Beaulieu)
2005 Jutra Award for Best Direction (Meilleure Réalisation) - Looking for Alexander - Won
2005 Jutra Award for Best Screenplay (Meilleur Scénario) - Looking for Alexander - Nominated (shared with Marcel Beaulieu)
2001 Montreal World Film Festival Grand Prix des Amériques - A Girl at the Window - Nominated
Passage 10:
Jim Wilson (pitcher)
James Alger Wilson (February 20, 1922 – September 2, 1986) was an American professional baseball pitcher, scout and front-office executive  Although he was well-traveled as a player and compiled a career winning percentage of only  491 in 175 decisions, he threw the first no-hit, no-run game in Milwaukee's Major League history and was a three-time (1954–56) All-Star who represented both the National and American leagues   During his front office career he served as the third general manager in the franchise history of the Milwaukee Brewers 

Career
As a player
A native of San Diego, Wilson threw and batted right-handed, stood 6 feet 1 inch (1 85 m) tall and weighed 200 pounds (91 kg)  He attended San Diego State University 
Wilson pitched in all or part of 12 seasons (1945–46; 1948–49; 1951–58) for five Major League franchises and six different cities: the Boston Red Sox, St  Louis Browns/Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Athletics, Boston / Milwaukee Braves and Chicago White Sox   He began his pro career during World War II in 1943 in the Red Sox' farm system and in his second year, 1944, he won 19 games with the top-level Louisville Colonels of the American Association  He made the 1945 Red Sox' roster coming out of spring training and started 21 games for them during the season's first four months  In his 21st start, on August 9 at Briggs Stadium,  Wilson worked into the tenth inning of a 3–3 game  With one out, Detroit Tigers' slugger Hank Greenberg hit a line drive back through the box that struck Wilson in the head, fracturing his skull and sending him to Henry Ford Hospital  The injury sidelined Wilson for the rest of the campaign and he would pitch only one more game for the Red Sox, on April 23, 1946 
Wilson returned to Louisville for the balance of 1946 and all of 1947, then was included in a trade to the Browns that yielded slugging shortstop Vern Stephens and starting pitcher Jack Kramer  But 1948 and 1949 saw Wilson bounce among four organizations—the Browns, Cleveland Indians, Tigers and Athletics—and make ineffective appearances in six total big-league games for the Browns and A's   Finally, in 1950, he was acquired by the Triple-A Seattle Rainiers, managed by Paul Richards  Wilson won 24 games (losing 11) for a sixth-place team and led the Pacific Coast League in strikeouts  His contract was purchased by the Boston Braves at season's end, and Wilson returned to the Major Leagues for good 
Wilson's first All-Star season came in 1954 for the Milwaukee Braves; they had moved from Boston in March 1953  He no-hit the Philadelphia Phillies, 2–0 at Milwaukee County Stadium on June 12 of that season  The 32-year-old right-hander beat future Hall of Famer Robin Roberts in the one-hour and 43-minute contest  Wilson issued two bases on balls (both to Phillies' catcher Smoky Burgess) and struck out six  The no-hitter was the first in the Braves' Milwaukee history   Wilson was named an All-Star in the midst of an 8–2 season in 27 games pitched with three other complete game shutouts for the contending Braves  But he did not get into the 1954 Midsummer classic, an 11–9 loss for his National League squad at Cleveland Municipal Stadium 
On the eve of the 1955 season, Richards, by now both the general manager and field manager of the Baltimore Orioles, purchased Wilson's contract and moved him into the starting rotation  Wilson led the American League in games lost (18) that season (as a team, Baltimore lost 97 games), but he again registered four shutouts and was selected to the AL All-Star team, chosen to play in the July 12, 1955, game at his old home field, County Stadium  But again Wilson did not appear and, again, his team was defeated, with the Senior Circuit winning 6–5 in 12 innings 

Wilson began 1956 by winning four of his first six decisions in seven starts for Baltimore despite sporting a high (5 03) earned run average  On May 21, Richards traded him to the first-division White Sox, and although he pitched more effectively, he registered only a 9–12 record for Chicago  Nevertheless, Wilson was selected to the 1956 American League All-Star team, and this time he played in the game at Griffith Stadium in Washington, working one inning in the AL's 7–3 loss, allowing two hits and one earned run, although he retired Willie Mays on a called third strike to register the final out That set the stage for Wilson's most successful big-league season, with the 1957 White Sox  He won a career-high 15 games (losing eight), and led the American League in shutouts, with five  However, he did not earn a place on the 1957 AL All-Star team   In 1958, the 36-year-old Wilson concluded his 16-season playing career, working in 28 games for the White Sox, 23 in a starting role  In his final MLB game, September 14 against the Washington Senators, he worked 82⁄3 innings and surrendered five earned runs, but was credited with the victory in a 6–5 Chicago triumph  That season he also continued his skein of errorless games as a pitcher  On June 15, 1955, as an Oriole, he muffed an eighth-inning foul pop-up by the White Sox' Jim Rivera for an error  It was the last miscue he would commit in his career, which spanned 116 games through his 1958 retirement  Wilson posted a career  988  fielding percentage, committing only 4 miscues in  333 total chances 
Altogether, Wilson appeared in 257 Major League games pitched, 217 as a starter  He compiled an 86–89 won-lost mark, with 75 complete games and 19 shutouts  In 1,539 innings pitched he notched 692 strikeouts  Wilson also allowed 1,479 hits, 608 bases on balls and 686 earned runs  His career earned run average was 4 01 

As a scout and executive
Wilson remained in the game as a scout for the Orioles and Houston Astros  He and scout Jim Russo signed Jim Palmer for the Orioles in 1963  Palmer recalled in a 1996 book that though 13 teams were interested in him, the Orioles scouts set themselves apart with their polite manners  In 1971, Wilson came back to Milwaukee as the director of scouting and player development of the Brewers, a three-year-old expansion team, and following the 1972 season, he succeeded Frank Lane as Milwaukee's general manager  Although Lane was renowned as a trader, Wilson completed a blockbuster transaction of his own with the Phillies on October 31, 1972, acquiring third baseman Don Money in a seven-player deal  Money would play 11 seasons for the Brewers and make four American League All-Star teams   Then, in June 1973, during his first draft as Brewers' general manager, Wilson selected Robin Yount with the club's first pick (third overall)   After one season in minor league baseball, Wilson promoted the 18-year-old Yount to the 1974 Brewers, the beginning of a 20-season, Hall of Fame career for the shortstop and center fielder 
But Wilson's stay as general manager in Milwaukee was not a long one  After the 1974 season he returned to California to become executive director of the Major League Baseball Scouting Bureau  He stepped down in 1985 after being stricken with cancer and died in Newport Beach at age 64 on September 2, 1986 

See also
List of Major League Baseball no-hitters



ground_truth: Félix Leclerc