prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director died later, Seven In The Sun or Daughter Of The Jungle?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Thulasi (1987 film)
Thulasi is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Ameerjan  The film stars Murali and Seetha  It was released on 27 November 1987 

Plot
Thirunavukarasu is considered as a God by his villagers  Nevertheless, his son Sammadham is an atheist and he doesn't believe in his father's power  Sammadham and Ponni, a low caste girl, fall in love with each other  Sammadham's best friend Siva, a low caste boy, passes the Master of Arts degree successfully  Thirunavukarasu's daughter Thulasi then develops a soft corner for Siva 
Thirunavukarasu cannot accept for his son Sammadham's marriage with Ponni due to caste difference  Sammadham then challenges him to marry her  Thirunavukarasu appoints henchmen to kill her and Ponni is found dead the next day in the water  In the meantime, Siva also falls in love with Thulasi  The rest of the story is what happens to Siva and Thulasi 

Cast
Murali as Sivalingam "Siva"
Seetha as Thulasi
Chandrasekhar as Sammadham
Major Sundarrajan as Thirunavukarasu
Senthil
Charle as Khan
Thara as Ponni
Mohanapriya as Sarasu
Vathiyar Raman
A  K  Veerasamy as Kaliyappan

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Sampath Selvam, with lyrics written by Vairamuthu 

Reception
The Indian Express gave a negative review calling it "thwarted love" 
Passage 2:
Querelle
Querelle is a 1982 West German-French English-language arthouse film directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and starring Brad Davis, adapted from French author Jean Genet's 1947 novel Querelle of Brest  It was Fassbinder's last film, released shortly after his death at the age of 37 

Plot
The plot centers on the handsome Belgian sailor Georges Querelle, who is also a thief and murderer  When his ship, Le Vengeur, arrives in Brest, he visits the Feria, a bar and brothel for sailors run by the Madame Lysiane, whose lover, Robert, is Querelle's brother  Querelle has a love/hate relationship with his brother: when they meet at La Feria, they embrace, but also punch one another slowly and repeatedly in the belly  Lysiane's husband Nono works behind the bar and also manages La Feria's underhanded affairs with the assistance of his friend, the corrupt police captain Mario 
Querelle makes a deal to sell opium to Nono  During the execution of the deal, he murders his accomplice Vic by slitting his throat   After delivering the drugs, Querelle announces that he wants to sleep with Lysiane   He knows that this means he will have to throw dice with Nono, who has the privilege of playing a game of chance with all of her prospective lovers  If Nono loses, the suitor is allowed to proceed with his affair  If the suitor loses, however, he must submit to anal sex with Nono first, according to Nono's maxim that "That way, I can say my wife only sleeps with arseholes " Querelle deliberately loses the game, allowing himself to be sodomized by Nono  When Nono gloats about Querelle's "loss" to Robert, who won his dice game, the brothers end up in a violent fight   Later, Querelle becomes Lysiane's lover, and also has sex with Mario 
Luckily for Querelle, a builder, Gil, murders his work mate Theo, who had been harassing and sexually assaulting him   Gil hides from the police in an abandoned prison, and Roger, who is in love with Gil, establishes contact between Querelle and Gil in the hopes that Querelle can help Gil flee  Querelle falls in love with Gil, who closely resembles his brother   Gil returns his affections, but Querelle betrays Gil by tipping off the police  Querelle cleverly arranged it so that the murder of Vic is also blamed on Gil 
Querelle's superior, Lieutenant Seblon, is in love with Querelle, and constantly tries to prove his manliness to him  Seblon is aware that Querelle murdered Vic, but chooses to protect him   Later, Seblon reveals his love and concern to a drunken Querelle, and they kiss and embrace before returning to Le Vengeur 

Cast
Brad Davis as Querelle
Franco Nero as Lieutenant Seblon
Jeanne Moreau as Lysiane
Laurent Malet as Roger Bataille
Hanno Pöschl as Robert / Gil
Günther Kaufmann as Nono
Burkhard Driest as Mario
Roger Fritz as Marcellin
Dieter Schidor as Vic Rivette
Natja Brunckhorst as Paulette
Werner Asam as Worker
Axel Bauer as Worker
Neil Bell as Theo
Robert van Ackeren as Drunken legionnaire
Wolf Gremm as Drunken legionnaire
Frank Ripploh as Drunken legionnaire

Production
According to Genet's biographer Edmund White, Querelle was originally going to be made by Werner Schroeter, with a scenario by Burkhard Driest, and produced by Dieter Schidor  However, Schidor could not find the money to finance a film by Schroeter, and therefore turned to other directors, including John Schlesinger and Sam Peckinpah, before finally settling on Fassbinder  Driest wrote a radically different script for Fassbinder, who then "took the linear narrative and jumbled it up"  White quotes Schidor as saying "Fassbinder did something totally different, he took the words of Genet and tried to meditate on something other than the story  The story became totally unimportant for him  He also said publicly that the story was a sort of third-rate police story that wouldn't be worth making a movie about without putting a particular moral impact into it" Schroeter had wanted to make a black and white film with amateur actors and location shots, but Fassbinder instead shot it with professional actors in a lurid, expressionist color, and on sets in the studio  Edmund White comments that the result is a film in which, "Everything is bathed in an artificial light and the architectural elements are all symbolic "

Soundtrack
Jeanne Moreau – "Each Man Kills the Things He Loves" (music by Peer Raben, lyrics from Oscar Wilde's poem "The Ballad of Reading Gaol")
"Young and Joyful Bandit" (Music by Peer Raben, lyrics by Jeanne Moreau)Both songs were nominated to the 1984 Razzie Awards for "Worst Original Song" 

Release
Querelle sold more than 100,000 tickets in the first three weeks after its release in Paris, the first time that a film with a gay theme had achieved such success  On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, which categorizes reviews as positive or negative only, the film has an approval rating of 57% calculated based on 14 critics comments  By comparison, with the same opinions being calculated using a weighted arithmetic mean, the rating is 6 10/10  Writing for The New York Times critic Vincent Canby noted that Querelle was "a mess   a detour that leads to a dead end "
Penny Ashbrook calls Querelle Fassbinder's "perfect epitaph: an intensely personal statement that is the most uncompromising portrayal of gay male sensibility to come from a major filmmaker " Edmund White considers Querelle the only film based on Genet's book that works, calling it "visually as artificial and menacing as Genet's prose " Genet, in discussion with Schidor, said that he had not seen the film, commenting "You can't smoke at the movies "
Passage 3:
Daughter of the Jungle
Daughter of the Jungle may refer to:

Daughter of the Jungle (1949 film), an American adventure film
Daughter of the Jungle (1982 film), an Italian romantic adventure film
Passage 4:
Bomba, the Jungle Boy (film)
Bomba, the Jungle Boy is a 1949 American adventure film directed by Ford Beebe  It was the first in a 12-film series featuring Bomba, a sort of teenage Tarzan, played by Johnny Sheffield, who as a child had played "Boy" in several previous Tarzan films 

Plot
A photographer and his daughter arrive in Africa hoping to capture the local wildlife on film  Instead, they encounter (and never end up photographing) a killer leopard, a swarm of locusts, deadly lion worshippers, and Bomba the Jungle Boy 
Bomba was raised by an aged naturalist, Cody Casson (since deceased)  He now lives beyond the Great Rift  The photographer's daughter, wearing a well-tailored leopard skin, spends most of the film with Bomba, while her father, Commissioner Barnes, and Eli search for her 

Cast
Johnny Sheffield as Bomba
Peggy Ann Garner as Patricia Harlan
Onslow Stevens as George Harland
Charles Irwin as Andy Barnes
Smoki Whitfield as Eli
Martin Wilkins as Mufti

Production
Walter Mirisch had been general manager of Monogram Pictures since 1945  They specialised in low-budget movies, including series of regular characters such as Charlie Chan, Joe Palooka and the Bowery Boys  Mirisch looked at the success of the Tarzan films and remembered the Bomba novels; he thought they might offer material to do a similar type of movie 
In November 1947 Monogram announced they had bought the rights to twenty of the stories  They assigned Walter Mirisch to oversee their production and said they intended to make three Bomba films per year  They were going to be in colour  They were seeking a male actor aged 18 to 20 to star In September 1948 Monogram's president Steve Broidy announced that the studio would make two Bomba films over the following year  (Other series at the studio included Joe Palooka, Charlie Chan and Bowery Boys )Mirisch later claimed he was paid $2,500 a film, and the success of the series launched him as a producer 

Reception
The New York Times called it a "dull flavorless picture about a vest pocket Tarzan " However the movie was a large success relative to its budget 
Passage 5:
Le Masque de la Méduse
Le masque de la Méduse (English: The Mask of Medusa) is a 2009 fantasy horror film directed by Jean Rollin  The film is a modern-day telling of the Greek mythological tale of the Gorgon and was inspired by the 1964 classic Hammer Horror film of the same name and the 1981 cult classic Clash of the Titans  It was Rollin's final film, as the director died in 2010 

Cast
Simone Rollin as la Méduse
Sabine Lenoël as Euryale
Marlène Delcambre as Sthéno
Juliette Moreau as Juliette
Delphine Montoban as Cornelius
Jean-Pierre Bouyxou as le gardien
Bernard Charnacé as le collectionneur
Agnès Pierron as la colleuse d'affiche au Grand-Guignol
Gabrielle Rollin as la petite contrebassiste
Jean Rollin as l'homme qui enterre la tête
Thomas Smith as Thomas

Production
It was thought that Rollin's 2007 film La nuit des horloges was the final film of his career, as he had mentioned in the past  However, in 2009, Rollin began preparation foe Le masque de la Méduse  Rollin originally directed the film as a one-hour short, which was screened at the Cinémathèque de Toulouse, but after the release, Rollin decided to add 20 minutes of additional scenes and then cut the film into two distinct parts, as he did with his first feature, Le Viol du Vampire   The film was shot on location at the Golden Gate Aquarium and Père Lachaise Cemetery, as well as on stage at the Theatre du Grande Guignol, which is where the longest part of the film takes place  It was shot on HD video on a low budget of €150,000  Before the release, it was transferred to 35mm film 

Release
The film was not released theatrically, although it premiered on 19 November 2009 at the 11th edition of the Extreme Cinema Film Festival at the Cinémathèque de Toulouse  As part of "An Evening with Jean Rollin", it was shown as a double feature with Rollin's 2007 film La nuit des horloges 

Home media
No official DVD was released, although for a limited time, a DVD of La masque de la Méduse was included with the first 150 copies of Rollin's book Jean Rollin: Écrits complets Volume 1 
Passage 6:
Sergio Bergonzelli
Sergio Bergonzelli (25 August 1924 – 24 September 2002) was an Italian director, screenwriter, producer and actor 

Life and career
Born in Alba, Cuneo, Bergonzelli graduated in Philosophy, then he started working as an actor with the stage name Siro Carme  After being assistant and second unit director in a number of genre films, in 1960 he made his debut as director and screenwriter with Seven in the Sun  Also a film producer, Bergonzelli was the first to produce Spaghetti Western films entirely shot in Italy  In the 1970s he specialized in the erotic genre 

Selected filmography
Director
'*' denotes he wrote the screenplayActor
Passage 7:
Law of the Jungle (film)
Law of the Jungle is a 1942 American adventure film directed by Jean Yarbrough 

Plot
A singer, Nona Brooks, is stranded at a hotel in Africa because her passport is missing  It turns out enemy agents, in collaboration with hotel owner Simmons, have stolen her papers, then try to use her for their nefarious schemes 
Brooks flees and encounters paleontologist Larry Mason in the jungle  He and his assistant Jefferson Jones give her shelter, then fend off unfriendly natives while Simmons is murdered by the villainous agents  All looks hopeless until the tribal chief turns out to be a reasonable, Oxford-educated man who helps Larry and Nona out of their jam 

Cast
Arline Judge as Nona Brooks
John 'Dusty' King as Larry Mason
Mantan Moreland as Jefferson 'Jeff' Jones
Arthur O'Connell as Simmons
C  Montague Shaw as Sgt  Burke
Guy Kingsford as Constable Whiteside
Laurence Criner as Chief Mojobo - an Oxford Graduate
Victor Kendall as Grozman
Feodor Chaliapin, Jr  as Belts
Martin Wilkins as Bongo

Soundtrack
Arline Judge - "Jungle Moon" (Written by Edward J  Kay as Edward Kay)

External links
Law of the Jungle at IMDb
Law of the Jungle is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
Passage 8:
Bomba and the Jungle Girl
Bomba and the Jungle Girl is a 1952 American adventure film directed by Ford Beebe and starring Johnny Sheffield  It is the eighth film (of 12) in the Bomba, the Jungle Boy film series 

Plot
Bomba decides to find out who his parents were  He starts with Cody Casson's diary and follows the trail to a native village  An ancient blind woman tells him his parents, along the village's true ruler, were murdered by the current chieftain and his daughter  With the aid of an inspector and his daughter, Bomba battles the usurpers in the cave where his parents were buried 

Cast
Johnny Sheffield as Bomba
Karen Sharpe as Linda Ward
Walter Sande as Mr  Ward
Suzette Harbin as Boru
Martin Wilkins as Chief Gamboso
Morris Buchanan as Kokoli
Leonard Mudie as Commissioner Barnes
Don Blackman as Boru's lieutenant
Passage 9:
George Blair (director)
George Blair  (December 6, 1905 – April 19, 1970) was an American film director who worked generally on supporting features including many B-Westerns  Two of his earliest films were British-set thriller films starring C  Aubrey Smith, made for Republic Pictures 

Selected filmography
Director

Secrets of Scotland Yard (1944)
A Sporting Chance (1945)
Scotland Yard Investigator (1945)
Gangs of the Waterfront (1945)
Affairs of Geraldine (1946)
That's My Gal (1947)
The Trespasser (1947)
Exposed (1947)
Madonna of the Desert (1948)
Lightnin' in the Forest (1948)
King of the Gamblers (1948)
Daredevils of the Clouds (1948)
Homicide for Three (1948)
Rose of the Yukon (1949)
Duke of Chicago (1949)
Streets of San Francisco (1949)
Under Mexicali Stars (1950)
Silver City Bonanza (1951)
Secrets of Monte Carlo (1951)
Desert Pursuit (1952)
Perils of the Jungle (1953)
Superman in Scotland Yard (1954)
Sabu and the Magic Ring (1957)
The Hypnotic Eye (1960)

TV series
Adventures of Superman (1953-1958, TV series, 27 episodes
Casey Jones (1957-1958, TV series, 23 episodes)
Highway Patrol (1957, TV series, 2 episodes)
Harbor Command (1958, TV series, 1 episode)
Tales of the Texas Rangers (1958, TV series, 7 episodes)
Death Valley Days (1959, TV series, 1 episode)
Lassie (1959–1960, TV series, 3 episodes)
Bonanza (1960, TV series, 1 episode)
Wanted: Dead or Alive (1960, TV series, 10 episodes)
Stagecoach West (1961, TV series, 2 episodes)
The Littlest Hobo (1963, TV series, 1 episode)
The Adventures of Superboy (1996, TV series)

TV shorts
Beach Patrol (1959, TV short)
The Adventures of Superboy (1961, TV short)

Bibliography
Richards, Jeffrey  Visions of Yesterday  Routledge, 1973 

External links
George Blair at IMDb
Passage 10:
Seven in the Sun
Seven in the Sun (Italian: Gli avventurieri dei Tropici) is a 1960 Italian adventure film written and directed  by Sergio Bergonzelli and starring Frank Latimore and Gianna Maria Canale 

Plot
Cast
Frank Latimore as Frank
Gianna Maria Canale as Libertà
Saro Urzì as  Fernand
John Kitzmiller as  Salvador
Marisa Belli as Jana
Marco Guglielmi
Eduardo Passarelli



ground_truth: Seven In The Sun

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Diego Fernández De Oviedo?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Fernando Flaínez
Fernando Flaínez (fl  c  1002  – c  1049) was a powerful magnate from the Kingdom of León, member of the aristocratic lineage of the Flaínez  His parents were Flaín Muñoz and his wife Justa Fernández, daughter of  count Fernando Bermúdez de Cea  He was the paternal grandfather of Jimena Díaz, wife of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar El Cid, and the direct ancestor of the important medieval noble lineage of the Osorios   He married Elvira Peláez, daughter of Pelayo Rodríguez and Gotina Fernández de Cea, with whom he had at least seven children: Flaín, Oveco, Justa, Pedro, Pelayo, Muño and Diego  He was the tenente of Aguilar and documented with the title of count as of 1028   Jointly with his son, Flaín Fernández, he governed the city of León until 1038 when the kingdom was already under the control of King Sancho III of Pamplona 

Biographical sketch
He first appears in medieval charters in 999 when, jointly with his brother Munio, confirmed a donation by the Bishop of León to the Monastery of Sahagún   On 26 February 1020, he and his wife accompanied by several of his children founded the Monastery of San Martín de Pereda in Valle de Valdeburón which was subsequently incorporated in the Monastery of Benevívere  In this document, he mentions that he had inherited several of the properties being donated from Fredenando Uermudiz et Flanio Moniz,  his grandfather and father, respectively 
As a loyal vassal of King Alfonso V of León, he appears constantly confirming royal charters and was honored with the title of count at the end of the reign of Alfonso and at least from 1028  After the death of Alfonso V and the succession to the throne by Bermudo III of León, Fernando supported his first cousin King Sancho III of Navarre, although, at first, he accompanied the young monarch as evidenced in a donation made by Bermudo III in November 1028 to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela where he appears with other magnates confirming the royal charter  His presence in the curia regis of King Bermudo III was infrequent from 1029 until 1035 and this absence could be attributed to his involvement — active or behind the scenes — in the assassination of García Sánchez, Count of Castile in 1029 when García went to the city of León to meet Sancha, his promised bride and future wife of King Ferdinand I of León He was back at the court of Bermudo III to whom he remained faithful until the king was killed in the Battle of Tamarón in 1037  Fernando Flaínez did not hand over the capital of the Kingdom of León to Ferdinand I until 1038 and kept all his honors and estates until his death, after 1049, the last year in which he appears in the charters of the Monastery of Sahagún 

Marriage and issue
He married his first cousin, Elvira Peláez, daughter of Count Pelayo Rodríguez and Countess Gotina Fernández, another daughter of Fernando Bermúdez de Cea, and as such, also a sister of Queen Jimena and of Justa Fernández, Fernando's mother  They were the parents of the following children, all except Justa born before February 1020, the date on which they appear confirming the donation made by their parents: 

Flaín Fernández (died before 1065), a count, husband of Toda Fernández and father of Martín Flaínez, ancestors of the Osorio;
Oveco Fernández, married to Onecca Gutiérrez;
Pedro Fernández
Pelayo Fernández (died after June 1049), royal alférez in 1039 and in 1050 and count as from 1043  He could have been the father of Flaín Peláez;
Munio Fernández (died after June 1049), also a count, married Elvira Peláez, daughter of Count Pelayo Froilaz the Deacon and Aldonza Ordóñez, daughter of the infantes Ordoño Ramírez and his wife Cristina Bermúdez  They were the parents of Countess Aldonza Muñoz, the wife of Count Vela Ovéquiz  He last appears in June 1049 with his brother Pelayo;
Diego Fernández, the father of Jimena Díaz, wife of El Cid;
Justa Fernández, named after her paternal grandmother, Justa was the second wife of Count Ansur Díaz and step-mother of powerful count Pedro Ansúrez On 29 September 1047, Justa and her husband founded the Monastery of San Román 

Notes
Passage 2:
Guillermo Fernández de Soto
Guillermo John Roque Fernández de Soto Valderrama (born 27 September 1953) is a Colombian lawyer and diplomat, who has served as Secretary General of the Andean Community of Nations, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia, Ambassador of Colombia to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and designated-Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotenciary, Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations in New York 

Biography
Ambassador Fernandez de Soto holds a degree in law and economic sciences from Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and a Postgraduate degree in Socio-Economic Sciences from the same institution  He has had extensive experience in the field of international relations, Colombian diplomacy, academia, and in the professional practice in civil, commercial and international law 

Career
Early in his career, he worked as a Senior Specialist of the Organization of American States (OAS) Inter American Commission on Human Rights in Washington DC  He also served as Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia (1985 – 1986) He worked in the Secretariat of the United Nations for the Commission of Truth in the peace process of El Salvador  Also, he worked for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) for the preparation of the Special Economic Cooperation Plan for Central America 
In the commercial field, he was the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Bogotá (CCB) and held other positions such as President of the Ibero-American Association of Chambers of Commerce (AICO), General Director of the Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission, President of the Colombian Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris (ICC), President of the Colombian Committee of the Economic Council of the Pacific Basin (PBEC) 
As well, he served as Member and Executive Secretary of the presidential Commission for the Colombo-Venezuelan border integration body 1988-1998 
He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, a period during which he was also President of the Andean Council of Foreign Ministers and President of the United Nations Security Council (August, 2001)  Later, he was Secretary General of the Andean Community until 2004 
He also served as Ambassador of Colombia to the Kingdom of the Netherlands (2004-2008), Permanent Representative of Colombia to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Vice-President of the Tenth Conference of States Parties to the OPCW  In addition, he was the Representative of Colombia before the Administrative Council of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and Representative of Colombia before the Common Fund for Commodities 
Ambassador Fernández de Soto served as International Arbitrator in various disputes from Commercial and Administrative Law matters  He was also Co-agent before the International Court of Justice in the case of Aerial Spraying (Ecuador v  Colombia) and in the case of the Territorialand Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v  Colombia)  He was a member of the Inter-American Judicial Committee of the OAS and its president in 2011- 2012 
He was also President of the Colombian Council of International Relations (CORI)  Most recently, he served as Corporate Director for Europe at CAF, the Development Bank of Latin America based in Madrid, Spain (2012-2018) 
In the Academy, he served as the Dean of the Faculty of International Relations of the Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano in Bogotá, Executive Director of the International Studies Center “Interamerican Forum”  He has also participated in several academic publications as author and editor, and his articles have been published in several newspapers and magazines in Colombia 

Ambassador to the United Nations
He was appointed in September 2018 by the President of the Republic of Colombia as Ambassador to the United Nations  In 2019 he assumed the Presidency of the United Nations Peacebuilding Commission  The Peacebuilding Support Office was established in 2005 as an advisory body to Member States and its role is to contribute to the maintenance of peace through international support for peacebuilding initiatives in different areas and regions of the world [1]
During his presidency, Fernandez de Soto visited Sierrea Leona, Loberia, Côte d'Ivoire and the African Union where he was able to witness the Commission's progress in peacebuilding  In January 2020 he handed over the presidency to the government of Canada while Colombia continues as vice president 

Decorations
National Order of Merit (Grand Officer) - France
Order of José Cecilio del Valle (Grand Cross) - Honduras
Order of Francisco de Miranda (First Class) - Venezuela
Order of the Liberator (Grand Cordon) - Venezuela
Order of the Liberator General San Martin (Grand Cross) - Argentina
Order of Bernardo O'Higgins (Grand Cross) - Chile
Order of the Merit of Chile (Grand Cross) - Chile
Order of the Sun (Grand Cross) - Peru
Order of Isabella the Catholic (Grand Cross) - Spain
Order of Simón Bolívar (Grand Cross) - Bolivia
Order of Honorato Vásquez (Grand Cross) -Ecuador
Order of the Aztec Eagle (Grand Band) - Mexico
Order of Boyacá (Grand Cross) - Colombia
Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa (Grand Cross) -Panama
Order of Orange-Nassau (Grand Cross) - Netherlands

External links
Photo of Guillermo Fernández de Soto
Passage 3:
Diego Fernández de Oviedo
Diego Fernández (fl  1020 – c  1046), also known as Diego Fernández de Oviedo, was a member of one of the most noble lineages of the Kingdom of León as the son of Fernando Flaínez and Elvira Peláez, daughter of count Pelayo Rodríguez  He was the second cousin of King Ferdinand I since both shared the same great-grandfather, Count Fernando Bermúdez de Cea  Distinguished with the title of Count at an early age, Diego was the father of Jimena Díaz, wife of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar El Cid 

Marriages and issue
Count Diego first married Elvira Ovéquiz, daughter of Count Oveco Sánchez and Countess Elo, who gave him two daughters: 

Onneca Mayor Díaz the wife of Gundemaro Iohannes (Ibáñez)
Aurovita Díaz, married to Munio Godestéiz,most probably the Muño Gustioz mentioned in the Cantar de Mio Cid who would have been the brother-in-law of Jimena Díaz who fought along with El Cid and accompanied Jimena during her widowhood His second wife, probably named Cristina, was a daughter of Fernando Gundemáriz and granddaughter of Gundemaro Pinióliz  The documented offspring of this marriage were:

Rodrigo Díaz, count in Asturias, who, according to the charters in the Monastery of San Juan de Corias, could have married a Gontrodo with whom he had two daughters, Sancha a Mayor Rodríguez 
Fernando Díaz,  one of the most powerful magnates of his period, who first married Godo Gonzalez Salvadórez and then Enderquina Muñoz, daughter of Count Munio González 
Jimena Díaz, the wife of El Cid 

Notes
Passage 4:
Mariana Fernández de Córdoba y Ayala
Mariana Fernández de Córdoba y Ayala (c  1394 – 1431), also known as Mariana de Ayala Córdoba y Toledo, was the fourth Lady of Casarrubios del Monte in the province of Toledo   She was the daughter of Diego Fernández de Córdoba y Carrillo, first Lord of Baena, and Inés Ayala y Toledo, third Lady of Casarrubios del Monte 

Life
Mariana married Fadrique Enríquez de Mendoza, Admiral of Castile and Lord of Medina de Rioseco around July 1425   They had one daughter, Juana Enríquez (1425–1468), who married  John II of Aragon 
Passage 5:
Diego Fernández de la Cueva, 1st Viscount of Huelma
Diego Fernández de la Cueva, 1st Viscount of Huelma (died 26 November 1473) was a Spanish nobleman 

Biography
Diego Fernández de la Cueva was born in Úbeda, Andalusia, Crown of Castille  He was a merchant and banker of King Henry IV of Castile, who granted him the title of 1st Viscount of Huelma 
He was related to or perhaps a descendant of Juan Sánchez de la Cueva, a nobleman from Úbeda, Regedor or Veinte y Quatro (24) of Úbeda in 1367, who rose pennant for the usurper Henry, Count of Trastamara, bribed by his generous promises  He was also a relative and a contemporary of another Diego de la Cueva, Alcalde of Caltinovo, married to María Cortés, whose daughter María Cortés married Rodrigo or Ruy Fernández de Monroy, paternal grandparents of Hernán Cortés 
He married Maior Alfonso de Mercado from Úbeda and had two sons  King Enrique IV, in his second year as King, travelled to Úbeda and stayed with Diego  When he left this house, he took Diego's second oldest son, Beltrán, with him to stay at Court to show his gratitude to Diego  (Diego offered Beltrán after Enrique asked for Diego's oldest son, whom Diego wanted to keep close by) 

See also
Henry IV of Castile
Beltrán de la Cueva
War of the Castilian Succession

Notes
Passage 6:
Diego Fernández de Cevallos
Diego Fernández de Cevallos Ramos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdjeɣo feɾˈnandes ðe seˈβaʝos]; born 16 March 1941) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the conservative National Action Party (PAN)  He was a  presidential candidate in the 1994 election and President of the Mexican Senate 

Life and career
Fernández de Cevallos was born in Mexico City, the son of José Fernández de Cevallos Martínez and Beatriz Ramos Íñigo  He received a bachelor's degree in law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and took several courses in economics at the Ibero-American University, where he also worked as a professor of criminal and commercial law 
He joined the conservative National Action Party (PAN) in 1959 and led its parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies (during the 55th legislature) and in the Senate (2003–06)  In 1994 he ran for president representing his party and lost against the PRI candidate, Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León 
Outside politics, Fernández de Cevallos runs an influential law firm specialized in criminal, civil and commercial law  He was married only by the religious rite to Claudia Gutiérrez Navarrete  Currently he lives with his partner Liliana de León Maldonado 
At 80 years of age Fernández de Cevallos decided to join social media in order to persuade young people to adopt conservative values  President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) responded to Fernández de Cevallos' criticisms of his government by showing a video of a debate they had in 2000 

Abduction
Fernández de Cevallos was abducted from one of his properties, located in Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, on 14 May 2010  His abandoned vehicle was found nearby, with signs of a violent struggle  Fernandez de Cevallos' kidnappers demanded $100 million in exchange for his release, but decreased the amount  He was released from this abduction on December 20, 2010 in exchange for an amount that hasn't been officially disclosed by him or his family 

See also
List of kidnappings
List of solved missing person cases
Passage 7:
Diego Fernández de Cáceres y Ovando
Diego Fernández de Cáceres y Ovando (– Monleón, aft  February 2, 1487) was a Spanish military and nobleman 

Life
Diego Fernández de Cáceres y Ovando was a son of Fernán Blázquez de Cáceres y Mogollón, who granted a will at Cáceres in 1443, and wife Leonor Alfón de Ovando, daughter of Fernando Alfón de Ovando and wife Teresa Alfón (seventh grandparents in male line of the conqueror of the castle of Brindis, Italian city and sea port in the Adriatic, formerly called Brundisium and currently Brindisi, Francisco José de Ovando, 1st Marquis of Brindisi, and his brother Alonso Pablo de Ovando y Solís Rol de La Cerda, 2nd Marqués de Brindis), and paternal grandson of Fernán Blázquez de Cáceres and wife Juana González 
He was the 1st Lord of the Manor House del Alcázar Viejo, which place was granted de jure by Henry IV of Castile by Royal Cedule of July 16, 1473, famous Captain of the aforementioned King and of the Catholic Monarchs since 1475, Alcalde of Benquerencia and Monleón, where he passed on in 1487, having tested on February 2 
He was firstly married to Isabel Flores de las Varillas, Dame of Queen Isabel I of Castile, daughter of Rodrigo Flores de las Varillas, a distant relative of Hernán Cortés, and wife María Estebán Tejado de Paredes 
He grew up and learned the military art at the house of the Infant Lord King John II of Navarre and his services are historical 
They had at least two sons, first born Diego de Cáceres y Ovando and Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres 
He was the ascendant of the Marqueses de Leganés (Mesía, on June 22, 1627, Grandees of Spain in 1640), Loriana (Velázquez-Dávila, December 19, 1591) and La Puebla de Ovanda (Velázquez-Dávila, March 10, 1627), Vizcondes de Penapardo, Condes de La Gomera with a Coat of Arms of de Herrera (de Herrera, 1487, also Señores de las Islas Canarias), de Oliva de Gaytan with a Coat of Arms of de Galarza (de Galarza, May 18, 1649), Fuenterubia, etc 
Passage 8:
Diego Fernández de Villalán
Diego Fernández de Villalán (died 7 Jul 1556) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the fourth Bishop of Almería (1523–1556) 

Biography
Diego Fernández de Villalán was ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor  On 17 July 1523, he was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Adrian VI as Bishop of Almería  He served as Bishop of Almería until his death on 7 July 1556 
Passage 9:
Diego Fernández de Ovando
Fray Diego Fernández de Ovando was a Spanish military and nobleman 

Life
Diego Fernández de Ovando was a son of Fernando Fernández de Ovando, second son, and wife Francisca de Ulloa, and paternal grandson of Fernando Fernández de Ovando, 1st Count of Torrelaguna and 1st Count of Uceda, and wife Ora Blázquez Trillo, Lady of Talamanca 
He was a Professed Knight of the Habit of Alcántara, Commander of Lares at the time of Master Don Nuno Chamiço elected in 1338 
He had a natural son, Fernando Alfón de Ovando 

Sources
Cunha, Fernando de Castro Pereira Mouzinho de Albuquerque e (1906-1998), Instrumentário Genealógico - Linhagens Milenárias  MCMXCV, p  401
Passage 10:
Diego Fernández
Diego Fernández (c  1520 – c  1581) was a Spanish adventurer and historian of the 16th century 

Biography
Born at Palencia, he was educated for the church, but about 1545 he embarked for Peru, where he served in the royal army under Alonzo de Alvarado  Andres Hurtado de Mendoza, marquess of Cañete, who became viceroy of Peru in 1555, bestowed on Fernandez the office of chronicler of Peru; and in this capacity he wrote a narrative of the insurrection of Francisco Hernandez Giron, of the rebellion of Gonzalo Pizarro, and of the administration of Pedro de la Gasca  The whole work, under the title Primera y segunda parte de la Historia del Piru, was published at Seville in 1571 and was dedicated to King Philip II  It is written in a clear and intelligible style, and with more art than is usual in the compositions of the time  It gives copious details, and, as he had access to the correspondence and official documents of the Spanish leaders, it is, although necessarily possessing bias, the fullest and most authentic record existing of the events it relates A notice of the work will be found in William H  Prescott's History of the Conquest of Peru (new ed , London, 1902) 

See also
Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Fray Martín de Murúa
Context 3: Passage 1:
Everybody's Magazine
Everybody's Magazine was an American magazine published from 1899 to 1929  The magazine was headquartered in New York City 

History and profile
The magazine was founded by Philadelphia merchant John Wanamaker in 1899, though he had little role in its actual operations  Initially, the magazine published a combination of non-fiction articles and new fiction stories   By 1926, the magazine had become a pulp fiction magazine and in 1929 it merged with Romance magazine 
In 1903, it had a circulation of 150,000, and Wanamaker sold the magazine for $75,000 to a group headed by Erman Jesse Ridgway   A series of muckraking articles called "Frenzied Finance" in 1904 boosted circulation to well over 500,000, and it stayed above the half million mark for many years   During America's involvement in World War I, circulation declined below 300,000   By the late 1920s, it had declined to about 50,000 Beginning in 1915, the magazine began referring to itself simply as Everybody's  Writers who appeared in it include Jack London, Talbot Mundy, Victor Rousseau, O  Henry, A  A  Milne (Milne's novel The Red House Mystery was serialised in the magazine from August to December 1921 as The Red House Murder) Hugh Pendexter, Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd, Raoul Whitfield and Dornford Yates 
The last issue of Everybody's Magazine was published in March 1929  In 1931, publisher Alfred A  Cohen purchased Everybody's Magazine from the Butterick Publishing Company and attempted to revive it with F  Orlin Tremaine as editor  No known issues were produced and the magazine was soon declared discontinued 

Gallery
Passage 2:
Northern Men's League for Women's Suffrage
The Northern Men's Federation for Women's Suffrage was an organisation which was active in Scotland during the later part of the campaign for women's suffrage 

Formation
In 1907, after the imprisonment of his wife, Maggie Moffat for suffrage activity, Graham Moffat formed the Glasgow Men's League for Women's Suffrage  It was intended to offer support and solidarity for the husbands and brothers of women involved in the campaign, as well as male sympathisers Many of the members were politically active and powerful men who wanted to use their influence in the campaign In July 1913, organised by Maud Arncliffe Sennett, a large delegation of  Scottish men travelled to London for an audience with the prime minister, H  H  Asquith, to discuss extending the franchise to women  The request for a meeting was refused  A direct result of this failure to meet with them was that they formed the new campaigning organisation  The artist John Wilson McLaren wrote a verse about the trip:

We've come from the North, and the heather's on fire,
To fight for the women–our only desire;
At last we've been roused thro' the treachery shown
By knaves at Westminster–the knaves we disown!'The inaugural meeting was held in Glasgow on 11 September 1913  The founder, president, and main organiser of the July deputation was Maud Arncliffe Sennett  She had discussed the possibility of a men's campaigning organisation on the train to the funeral of Emily Davison, which she attended on behalf of the Actresses' Franchise League  The honorary secretary of the Edinburgh branch was Nannie Brown Branches were formed in Midlothian and Berwick upon Tweed 

Activities
The league had no party political loyalties, and supported all of the different suffrage groups, whether militant or constitutional  They sent petitions and resolutions to those in power, and corresponded with other organisations to rally support 
They held a meeting in Bridgeton in November 1913, which was addressed by Maud Arncliffe Sennet, Henry Harben, JP, Bailie Alston and Helen Crawfurd, who "welcomed the NMF as a new order of chivalry: it came to fight for the oppressed and sweated women worker"  In the same month they also met in the Synod Hall, Edinburgh, and were addressed by John Cockburn, Mrs Cavendish Bentinck, and Maud Arncliffe Sennett   On 14 February 1914, the Northern Men's Federation for Women's Suffrage was to hold a mass meeting in Memorial Hall, London, and the following day a Trafalgar Square demonstration  The 'War Song" titled  'Justice For Ever'  by J  Wilson McLaren was to be sung in full at these events, to the air 'The Macgregors' Gathering' , and the words printed (the day before the first event) in the Women's Freedom League newspaper The Vote:We've come from the North, and the heather's on fire,
To fight for the women – our only desire;
At last we've been roused thro' the treachery shown
By knaves at Westminster–the knaves we disown!
Then rally, rally, rally, Englishmen!
With the Scots by your side, help the Cause that is just -
The mothers who bore us, we cannot but trust -
They're voteless, voteless, voteless!
Voteless, voteless, voteless!
Then prove yourselves heroes! Oppressors? No, never!
The Women shall triumph! It's Justice for ever!
The torture of martyrs has stirred the whole nation -
Wives, sisters and mothers  - vile degradation!

It's shameful, shameful, shameful, Englishmen!
Shameful, shameful, shameful!
Then join the fray - turn the Government out
That still dares the Mandate of voters to flout:
For Freedom our forefathers fought long ago,
And the sons from auld Scotland will strike, too, a blow!
Then help us, help us, Englishmen!
The "Forcible Feeding" and "Cat-and-Mouse Bill,"
We're now more determined than ever to kill;
Then rally, rally, rally!
Rally, rally, rally!
"Votes for Women" our cry  Cease fighting? No, never!

Till victory is won, and - Justice for ever!Both Nannie Brown and Maud Arncliffe Sennett visited the City of Edinburgh Council and were welcomed and given a lunch with the Lord Provost and councillors (the week before) and were organising the deputation to London  Councillors Murray and Crawford were to take part, and a large and supportive rally on the Mound, Edinburgh took place In April 1914, the league took part in a larger demonstration at Cupar, where H  H  Asquith was standing in a ministerial by-election  They announced their intention of opposing him at the next general election The league continued their campaigning work during the war years, which included an open-air meeting at The Meadows, Edinburgh in May 1915, a demonstration in July 1915, addressed by Maud Arncliffe Sennett, and a meeting in April 1916  Their activities continued until 1919 

Notable members and speakers
Cunninghame Graham
William Graham
Charles Mabon
Maud Arncliffe Sennett
Nannie Brown
J Wilson McLaren

See also
Men's League for Women's Suffrage (United Kingdom)
Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
Passage 3:
Budapest Business Journal
The Budapest Business Journal or BBJ is a biweekly business magazine published in Hungary  It is the largest, oldest and a leading publication in its category in the country 

History and profile
The BBJ was launched in November 1992 as a weekly  The magazine, based in Budapest, was converted into biweekly later  It was founded by a US-owned company headed by Stephen A  O'Connor, an American media entrepreneur  Mike Stone was also its founder The publisher is Absolut Media Kft  It was originally published by  New World Publishing  which also published the Warsaw Business Journal in Poland and the Prague Business Journal in Czechoslovakia (and later the Czech Republic) until January 2004 As its title implies, the BBJ exclusively focuses on business news and related analysis, targeting business professionals  In addition, it provides detailed industry and company information  The magazine publishes rankings of Hungarian companies each year in a separate publication called The Book of Lists The BBJ was one of the independent publications and provided investigative reports in the late 1990s  In 2002 the BBJ had a circulation of 8,700 copies The BBJ has a website which is one of the leading business information websites in the country  As of 15 May 2013 the Alexa rank of the website was 858437 

See also
List of magazines in Hungary
Passage 4:
Lydia Becker
Lydia Ernestine Becker (24 February 1827 – 18 July 1890) was a leader in the early British suffrage movement, as well as an amateur scientist with interests in biology and astronomy  She established Manchester as a centre for the suffrage movement and with Richard Pankhurst she arranged for the first woman to vote in a British election and a court case was unsuccessfully brought to exploit the precedent  Becker is also remembered for founding and publishing the Women's Suffrage Journal between 1870 and 1890 

Biography
Born in Cooper Street in the Deansgate area of Manchester, the oldest daughter of Hannibal Becker, whose father, Ernst Becker had emigrated from Ohrdruf in Thuringia  Becker was educated at home, like many girls at the time  Intellectually curious, she studied botany and astronomy from the 1850s onwards, winning a gold medal for an 1862 scholarly paper on horticulture  An uncle, rather than her parents, encouraged this interest  Five years later, she founded the Ladies' Literary Society in Manchester 
She began a correspondence with Charles Darwin and soon afterwards convinced him to send a paper to the society  In the course of their correspondence, Becker sent a number of plant samples to Darwin from the fields surrounding Manchester  She also forwarded Darwin a copy of her "little book", Botany for Novices (1864)  Becker is one of a number of 19th-century women who contributed, often routinely, to Darwin's scientific work  Her correspondence and work alike suggest that Becker had a particular interest in bisexual and hermaphroditic plants which, perhaps, offered her powerful 'natural' evidence of radical, alternative sexual and social order She was also recognised for her own scientific contributions, being awarded a national prize in the 1860s for a collection of dried plants prepared using a method that she had devised so that they retained their original colours  She gave a botanical paper to the Biology Section (D) at the 1868 meeting of the British Association about the effect of fungal infection on sexual development in a plant species  Botany remained important to her, but her work for women's suffrage took over the central role in her life  Her involvement in promoting and encouraging scientific education for girls and women brought these two aspects together 

Role in women's suffrage
In autumn 1866 Becker attended the annual meeting of the National Association for the Advancement of Social Science, where she was excited by a paper from Barbara Bodichon entitled "Reasons for the Enfranchisement of Women"  She dedicated herself to organising around the issue, and in January 1867 convened the first meeting of the Manchester Women's Suffrage Committee, one of the first organisations of its kind in England  She got to know there Dr  Richard Pankhurst, known as 'the red Doctor' whom Becker described as 'a very clever little man with some extraordinary sentiments about life in general and women in particular'  He married Emmeline in 1879 Several months later, a widowed shop owner, Lilly Maxwell, mistakenly appeared on the register of voters in Manchester  She was not the first but she was a good opportunity for publicity  Becker visited Maxwell and escorted her to the polling station  The returning officer found Maxwell's name on the list and allowed her to vote  Becker immediately began encouraging other women heads of households in the region to petition for their names to appear on the rolls  Their claims were presented in court by Sir John Coleridge and Richard Pankhurst in Chorlton v  Lings, but the case was dismissed On 14 April 1868, the first public meeting of the National Society for Women's Suffrage was held in the Free Trade Hall in Manchester  The three main speakers were Agnes Pochin, Anne Robinson and Becker



ground_truth: Flaín Muñoz

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which magazine was established first, Women'S Suffrage Journal or Mostar (Magazine)?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  The meeting was presided over by Priscilla Bright McLaren  Becker moved the resolution that women should be granted voting rights on the same terms as men 
Becker subsequently commenced a lecture tour of northern cities on behalf of the society  In June 1869, Becker and fellow campaigners were successful in securing the vote for women in municipal elections  Having campaigned for the inclusion of women on school boards, in 1870 she was one of four women elected to the Manchester School Board on which she served until her death  In the same year Becker and her friend Jessie Boucherett founded the Women's Suffrage Journal and soon afterward began organising speaking tours of women – a rarity in Britain at the time  At an 1874 speaking event in Manchester organised by Becker, fifteen-year-old Emmeline Pankhurst experienced her first public gathering in the name of women's suffrage  On 24 March 1877 Lydia appeared at a public meeting alongside J W White, Henry Birchenough, Alice Cliff Scatcherd (subsequently one of the co-founders of the Women's Franchise League) and other early suffragists to discuss women's access to the vote in Macclesfield The Journal was the most popular publication relating to women's suffrage in 19th-century Britain  Roger Fulford, in his study of the movement Votes for Women: The Story of a Struggle, writes: "The history of the decades from 1860 to 1890 – so far as women's suffrage is concerned – is the history of Miss Becker " The Journal published speeches from around the country, both within and outside of Parliament  Becker published her correspondence with her supporters and her opponents, notably in 1870, when she chastised the MP for Caernarvonshire after he voted against a proposal offering women the vote In 1880, Becker and co-workers campaigned in the Isle of Man for the right of women to vote in the House of Keys elections  Unexpectedly, they were successful and they secured for women voting rights in the Isle of Man for the first time in the elections of March 1881  Becker became the chair of the Central Committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage  This organisation had been formed in 1871 to lobby parliament  Other committee members included Helen Blackburn, Millicent Fawcett, Jessie Boucherett, Eva McLaren, Margaret Bright Lucas, Priscilla Bright McLaren and Frances Power Cobbe Becker differed from many early feminists in her disputation of essentialised femininity  Arguing there was no natural difference between the intellect of men and women, Becker was a vocal advocate of a non-gendered education system in Britain  She also differed with many suffrage activists in arguing more strenuously for the voting rights of unmarried women  Women connected to husbands and stable sources of income, Becker believed, were less desperately in need of the vote than widows and single women  This attitude made her the target of frequent ridicule in newspaper commentary and editorial cartoons 

Death and legacy
In 1890 Becker visited the spa town of Aix-les-Bains, where she fell ill and died of diphtheria, aged 63 Rather than continue publishing in her absence, the staff of the Women's Suffrage Journal decided to cease production 

Memorials
A book collection by women, with books from Helen Blackburn's collection, her friends and from second hand sources, was placed in two bookcases decorated with paintings of Becker and Caroline Ashurst Biggs, who had been chairs of the Central Committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage before Blackburn  These bookcases were given to Girton College and are extant Becker's name is listed on the south face of the Reformers Memorial in Kensal Green Cemetery in London  Her name is also listed on her father's gravestone (Hannibal Becker) in the churchyard of the Parish Church of St James, Altham in Lancashire  A plaque commemorating her life is situated adjacent to the Moorfield Colliery Memorial on Burnley Road, Altham, (A678) at the junction with Moorfield Way 
Becker's name and image, alongside those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters, are etched on the plinth of the statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square, London In Paris, France, a street is named after her, the allée Lydia-Becker (Lydia Becker Lane), near Montmartre, close to the rue Eva-Kotchever   In Chadderton, Oldham, United Kingdom,  a street is named after her, Lydia Becker Way 

Works
Botany for Novices (1864)
"Female Suffrage" in The Contemporary Review (1867)
"Is there any Specific Distinction between Male and Female Intellect?" in Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions (1868)
"On the Study of Science by Women" in The Contemporary Review (1869)
"The Political Disabilities of Women" in The Westminster Review (1872)

Archives
The archives of Lydia Becker are held at the Women's Library at the Library of the London School of Economics 

Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation
In 2018 the Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation  was launched at The University of Manchester 
The institute is home to internationally renowned immunology and inflammation expertise in a vast array of basic and applied disciplines  
The institute is named after Lydia Becker because she was a celebrated natural scientist who conversed with Charles Darwin and because she strongly believed that women were intellectually equal to men and deserved the same opportunities 

Notes
Passage 5:
UPraw – UK Student Magazine
UPraw Magazine was a national UK student magazine distributed through various university-related sites, student unions and selected Blackwell bookstores from 2001 - 2002  The magazine was based in Bournemouth The magazine was a full colour glossy publication and four issues were released   The cover and interviews stars included the BBC Radio 1 Disc Jockeys 'Dream Team', the RnB act 'Artful Dodger' and acting legend Robert De Niro 
The magazine was a mix of student related current affairs and mostly humour based articles   The magazine proved very popular in smaller cities but was less successful in bigger cities where local student publications were more dominant   The magazine was also criticised in some quarters for not having enough of a political agenda and not advancing student issues 
The magazine was established by Suzanne Miller who had previously edited the magazine FastTimes 
The magazine was co-edited by Nimalan Nades (also known by his real name Nimalan Nadesalingam) who had previously edited a local student magazine in Lincoln, England and who had also been a published as a writer for FastTime   Many of the UPraw writers were also Lincoln based and included James Copper who had co-edited a local student magazine with Nimalan Nades previously   Another contributor was Jon Kirk who then went on to establish Chalk, a rock-climbing magazine 
Passage 6:
Mostar (magazine)
Mostar is a monthly magazine of culture and current affairs  It began publishing in March 2005  Its name originates from the Stari Most in Bosnia-Herzegovina 

Content of Magazine
File subjects
Awards
On January 1, 2010, Mostar has been awarded as "Magazine of the Year" by Writers Union of Turkey 
On April 12, 2012, Mostar has won the reward of "Magazine of the Year" from International Association of Islamic World Journalist and Authors (ULGAYAD)

Notes
External links
Official Site
Passage 7:
Women's Suffrage Journal
The Women's Suffrage Journal was a magazine founded by Lydia Becker and Jessie Boucherett in 1870  Initially titled the Manchester National Society for Women's Suffrage Journal within a year its title was changed reflecting Becker's desire to extend its influence beyond "Manchester's radical liberal elite"  It carried news of events affecting all areas of women's lives, and particularly focused on features that demonstrated the breadth of support among the general population for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom  It also frequently published guidance on how to prepare a petition to be presented to the House of Commons Publication ceased in 1890 following Becker's death  The final edition contained this note:

For twenty years and four months this Journal has received the impress of one hand and one mind, so that its long row of volumes forms one continuous work, and now when that careful hand is laid low and the energies of that far-seeing mind are carried beyond our mortal ken, it would seem the most fitting course to close these pages where Miss Becker left them 

See also
List of suffragists and suffragettes
List of women's rights activists
Timeline of women's suffrage
Women's suffrage
Passage 8:
Lip (magazine)
Lip, A Feminist Arts Journal, or just Lip, was an Australian interdisciplinary feminist art journal, published between 1976 and 1984  It was the first of its kind in Australia The magazine was founded by Suzanne Spunner, who had been involved in the organising of the International Women's Film Festival in 1975 The magazine was self-published by a feminist collective during the era of the women's liberation movement, and its content included a very wide range of feminist positions and interdisciplinary art forms, in addition to work that connected the local scene to a more international network  The magazine was based in Carlton, Victoria The Lip collective also organised art shows, curated critical essays, and additionally published the Earthworks Poster Collective, The Women’s Theatre Group and The Women’s Film Group In 2013 Vivian Ziherl published an anthology of Lip articles 
Passage 9:
American Monthly
American Monthly magazine was the original official monthly magazine published by the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (NSDAR)  The magazine was published between 1892 and 2001 

History and profile
The magazine was established in 1892 with the name The American Monthly  The headquarters of the magazine was in Washington DC  In 1913 it was renamed as Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine Later titles were Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine, and The National Historical Magazine  In 2001, the NSDAR split the content into two magazines, a new periodical called American Spirit, containing "articles pertaining to American history, historic preservation, patriotism, genealogy and education", and Daughters of the American Revolution Newsletter, a newsletter covering members' concerns from national headquarters Ellen Hardin Walworth, one of the original four founders of the DAR, was the initial editor of the magazine  She was the periodical's editor from the spring of 1892 until July 1894  Catharine Hitchcock Tilden Avery later served in that role 
Passage 10:
Everybody's Magazine
Everybody's Magazine was an American magazine published from 1899 to 1929  The magazine was headquartered in New York City 

History and profile
The magazine was founded by Philadelphia merchant John Wanamaker in 1899, though he had little role in its actual operations  Initially, the magazine published a combination of non-fiction articles and new fiction stories   By 1926, the magazine had become a pulp fiction magazine and in 1929 it merged with Romance magazine 
In 1903, it had a circulation of 150,000, and Wanamaker sold the magazine for $75,000 to a group headed by Erman Jesse Ridgway   A series of muckraking articles called "Frenzied Finance" in 1904 boosted circulation to well over 500,000, and it stayed above the half million mark for many years   During America's involvement in World War I, circulation declined below 300,000   By the late 1920s, it had declined to about 50,000 Beginning in 1915, the magazine began referring to itself simply as Everybody's  Writers who appeared in it include Jack London, Talbot Mundy, Victor Rousseau, O  Henry, A  A  Milne (Milne's novel The Red House Mystery was serialised in the magazine from August to December 1921 as The Red House Murder) Hugh Pendexter, Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd, Raoul Whitfield and Dornford Yates 
The last issue of Everybody's Magazine was published in March 1929  In 1931, publisher Alfred A  Cohen purchased Everybody's Magazine from the Butterick Publishing Company and attempted to revive it with F  Orlin Tremaine as editor  No known issues were produced and the magazine was soon declared discontinued 

Gallery



ground_truth: Women'S Suffrage Journal