prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Bruno Ii Von Berg?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Friedrich von Berg
Friedrich Wilhelm Bernhard von Berg, also von Berg-Markienen, (20 November 1866 – 9 March 1939) was a German politician and chairman of the Secret Civil Cabinet of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918 

Biography
Friedrich von Berg was born on his family's estate of Markienen (today Markiny, Poland) to the Prussian Major Friedrich von Berg (1835-1888)  After passing his Abitur, Berg joined the Prussian Army in 1885 and became the personal adjutant of Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia in 1888  He left service in 1892 and started to study law at the Universities of Breslau and Bonn, where he became a member of the Corps Borussia Bonn next to the later Kaiser Wilhelm II  After passing his exam, Berg worked at the local court of Bartenstein and in 1896 at Danzig  In 1899 he moved to Berlin, where he became an assessor  In 1903 he returned to East Prussia and worked as the head of the district administration (Landrat) of the Goldap district In 1906 he became a member of the Geheimes Zivilkabinett (Secret Civil Cabinet), the Kaiser's personal office  In 1909 he became the Landeshauptmann of East Prussia and in 1916 he was promoted to Oberpräsident of the Province of East Prussia  On 16 January 1918, Berg became the chairman of the Kaiser's office  He opposed peace negotiations to end World War I as supposed by Chancellor Max von Baden and had to resign on 11 October 1918 He returned to his estate in East Prussia, where he was the President of the provincial diet (Provinziallandtag) in 1919 and the old-Prussian East Prussian Provincial Synod in 1920  The same year, he became the chairman of the German Nobility Association (Deutsche Adelsgenossenschaft) which he remained until 1932 From 1921 to 1927 Berg was the Chief Representative of the House of Hohenzollern in their negotiations over the family's personal property with the Weimar German government (Cf  Expropriation of the Princes in the Weimar Republic) Berg died in 1939 on his estate of Markienen 
Passage 2:
Lyon Cohen
Lyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist  He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen 

Biography
Cohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868  He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871  He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal  In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L  Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W  R  Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co , a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co  in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd   The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada  The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism  In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69 

Philanthropy
Cohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada  Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal  He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada 

Personal life
Cohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891  She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School  They had three sons and one daughter:

Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:
Esther Cohen and
singer/poet Leonard Cohen 
Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;
Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, and
Sylvia Lillian Cohen 
Passage 3:
Bruno II of Isenburg-Braunsberg
Bruno II of Isenburg-Braunsberg was the Count of Isenburg-Braunsberg from 1210 until 1255 
Passage 4:
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: قایا الپ, lit  'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah  He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I  He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp  He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks 
Passage 5:
Diepold of Berg
Diepold Count von Berg, also: Theobald, (c  1140, – 3 November 1190) was the 11th Bishop of Passau from 1172 to 1190 

Biography
Diepold von Berg was born around 1140 as the son of Diepold von Berg-Schelklingen and Gisela von Andechs  Both his older brother Heinrich and the younger Manegold played an important role in the history of the Diocese of Passau  His third brother, Otto II von Berg, was Bishop of Freising 
Diepold was ordained priest on 10 June 1172 by Bishop Henry I of Gurk  On 23 November of the year, he was, at the urging of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (present at the ceremony), and with the consent of Pope Alexander III  New bishop of Passau  He thus succeeded the succession of his brother Heinrich von Berg In 1178 he took part in the provincial synod in Hohenau at the Inn and traveled to Rome in 1179 to the third Lateran Council  Back at Passau he had been confronted to the fire of the city  in 1181, Diepold energetically sought the reconstruction of the cathedral and the residence 
In 1189, he accompanied Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa to the unsuccessful Third Crusade, and finally died in November 1190, together with six canons of the Passau Cathedral, during the siege of Acre in the camp near the city  Diepold was buried in the Holy Land 
Passage 6:
Bruno von Porstendorf
Bruno von Porstendorf otherwise Bruno II of Meissen or Bruno II von Porstendorf (died 4 December 1228) was Bishop of Meissen from 1209 to 1228 
In older lists of the bishops of Meissen he is numbered as Bruno III because of the inclusion of an earlier Bruno II, who was a clerical error 

Life
Along with the Přemyslid Kings of Bohemia Bruno was one of the most active participants in the German settlement of Upper Lusatia  For one thing, this was the location of the majority of the estates of the bishops of Meissen; for another, Bruno was keen in this way to secure his power in Upper Lusatia against the inroads of the Bohemians 
In 1228 he was removed from his office by Pope Gregory IX, presumably because of his reckless behaviour, and died on 4 December in the same year  His body was buried in the crypt of the collegiate church in Bautzen, which he had founded himself between 1213 and 1218 
In 1225 Bruno dedicated the Chapel of St  George in the Matthias Gate in Ortenburg, Bautzen 

Notes and references
Sources
Enno Bünz: Der Meißner Bischof Bruno von Porstendorf (1209/10–1228)  Herkunft – Aufstieg – Rücktritt – Pensionierung  In: Neues Archiv für sächsische Geschichte  77 (2006), pp  1–36
Thomas Ludwig, 2008: Die Urkunden der Bischöfe von Meissen: diplomatische Untersuchungen zum 10 -13  Jahrhundert  Volume 10 of Archiv für Diplomatik: Beiheft  Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar ISBN 9783412259051
Passage 7:
Adolf III of Berg
Adolf III of Berg (1080 – 12 October 1152) was count of Berg from 1093 until 1132, and count of Hövel from 1090 until 1106, and Vogt of Werden  He was the son of Adolf II of Berg-Hövel, count of Berg, and Adelaide of Lauffen 
He married Adelheid of Cleves (von Kleve), possibly a daughter of Dietrich II count of Cleves (died 1118) 
They had issue:

Adolf IV of Berg count of Berg and count of Altena (died after 1161);
Eberhard of Berg, monk in Morimont, 1st Abbot of Georgenthal (1143–1152) in Thüringen (born 1090/95, died 1152, buried in Altenberg (Gedenktag katholisch: 22  Juli - "Er bewog seinen Bruder, dem Orden 1133 auch das von der Familie gestiftete Kloster in Altenberg zu übertragen  Eberhard wurde dann 1143 Abt in dem von seinem Schwager gestifteten Kloster Georgenthal bei Gotha");
Bruno II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne between 1131 and 1137 (died in Trani, Italy 30 May 1137, buried in Bari);
Gisela of Berg, married Sizzo count von Schwarzburg (died 1160) 

Nota
Adolf III, Count of Berg is named Adolf I, Count of Berg in the Netherlands and in Germany 

Literature
Alberic of Troisfontaines (MGH, Scriptores XXIII) 
Annales Rodenses (MGH, Scriptores, XVI) 
Annalista Saxo (MGH, Scriptores VI) 
Gesta Trevirorum (MGH, Scriptores VIII) 
MGH, Diplomata 
REK I-II 
Rheinisches UB 
Hömberg, “Geschichte ”
Jackman, “Counts of Cologne ” – Jackman, Criticism 
Klebel, E  “Niederösterreich und der Stammbaum der Grafen von Görz und Schwarzburg ” Unsere Heimat  Monatsblatt des Vereins für Landeskunde von Niederösterreich 23 (1952) 111-23 
Kluger, “Propter claritatem generis ” – Kraus, Entstehung 
Lück, D  “Der Avelgau, die erste fassbare Gebietseinteilung an der unteren Sieg ” In: Heimatbuch der Stadt Siegburg I  Ed  H  J  Roggendorf  Siegburg, 1964  pp  223–85 
Lück, D  “In pago Tuizichgowe
Anmerkungen zum Deutzgau ” Rechtsrheinisches Köln 3 (1977) 1-9 
Milz, “Vögte ”
Schmale, “Anfänge ”
Tyroller, “Genealogie ”
Wunder, G  “Die Nichten des Erzbischofs Friedrich von Köln ” AHVN 164 (1962) 192-6 
Wunder, G  “Die Verwandtschaft des Erzbischofs Friedrich I  von Köln  Ein Beitrag zur abendländischen Verflechtung des Hochadels im Mittelalter ” AHVN 166 (1964) 25-54 
Passage 8:
Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شَيْبَة إبْن هَاشِم; c  497–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, (Arabic: عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب, lit  'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation  He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 

Early life
His father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81  the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca  They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm  His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah)  Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born : 81 His real name was "Shaiba" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-Ḥamd ("The white streak of praise") : 81–82  After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care  Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent  Muṭṭalib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca  Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go  Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib ("servant of Muttalib") : 85–86

Chieftain of Hashim clan
When Muṭṭalib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan  Following his uncle Al-Muṭṭalib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people  He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them : 61 
'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib and Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba  Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib  Addressing Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, he said:
Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate  You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe 

Discovery of Zam Zam Well
'Abdul-Muṭṭalib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila  There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca  The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-Ḥārith stood guard until they gave up their protests  After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, "Allahuakbar!" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar  It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well  So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition  They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost  There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out  One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others  So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Muṭṭalib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed  It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well  Thereafter he supplied pilgrims to the Kaaba with Zam Zam water, which soon eclipsed all the other wells in Mecca because it was considered sacred : 86–89 : 62–65

The Year of the Elephant
According to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Kaaba's reverence among the Arabs and, being a Christian, he built a cathedral on Sana'a and ordered pilgrimage be made there : 21  The order was ignored and someone desecrated (some saying in the form of defecation: 696 note 35 ) the cathedral  Abrahah decided to avenge this act by demolishing the Kaaba and he advanced with an army towards Mecca : 22–23 There were thirteen elephants in Abrahah's army: 99 : 26  and the year came to be known as 'Ām al-Fīl (the Year of the Elephant), beginning a trend for reckoning the years in Arabia which was used until 'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb replaced it with the Islamic Calendar in 638 CE (17 AH), with the first year of the Islamic Calendar being 622 CE 
When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinānah, Khuzā'ah and Hudhayl united in defence of the Kaaba  A man from the Ḥimyar tribe was sent by Abrahah to advise them that he only wished to demolish the Kaaba and if they resisted, they would be crushed  "Abdul-Muṭṭalib told the Meccans to seek refuge in the nearest high hills while he, with some leading members of Quraysh, remained within the precincts of the Kaaba  Abrahah sent a dispatch inviting 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib to meet him and discuss matters  When 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib left the meeting he was heard saying, "The Owner of this House is its Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonour the servants of His House ": 24–26 It is recorded that when Abrahah's forces neared the Kaaba, Allah commanded small birds (abābīl) to destroy Abrahah's army, raining down pebbles on it from their beaks  Abrahah was seriously wounded and retreated towards Yemen but died on the way : 26–27  This event is referred to in the following Qur'anic chapter:

Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant?
Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray?

And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay, so He rendered them like straw eaten up 
Most Islamic sources place the event around the year that Muhammad was born, 570 CE, though other scholars place it one or two decades earlier  A tradition attributed to Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri in the musannaf of ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani places it before the birth of Muhammad's father 

Sacrificing his son Abdullah
Al-Harith was 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's only son at the time he dug the Zamzam Well : 64  When the Quraysh tried to help him in the digging, he vowed that if he were to have ten sons to protect him, he would sacrifice one of them to Allah at the Kaaba  Later, after nine more sons had been born to him, he told them he must keep the vow  The divination arrows fell upon his favourite son Abdullah  The Quraysh protested 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's intention to sacrifice his son and demanded that he sacrifice something else instead  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib agreed to consult a "sorceress with a familiar spirit"  She told him to cast lots between Abdullah and ten camels  If Abdullah were chosen, he had to add ten more camels, and keep on doing the same until his Lord accepted the camels in Abdullah's place  When the number of camels reached 100, the lot fell on the camels  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib confirmed this by repeating the test three times  Then the camels were sacrificed, and Abdullah was spared : 66–68

Family
Wives
Abd al-Muttalib had six known wives 

Sumra bint Jundab of the Hawazin tribe 
Lubnā bint Hājar of the Khuza'a tribe 
Fatima bint Amr of the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Halah bint Wuhayb of the Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Natīla bint Janab of the Namir tribe 
Mumanna'a bint Amr of the Khuza'a tribe 

Children
According to Ibn Hisham, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib had ten sons and six daughters : 707–708 note 97  However, Ibn Sa'd lists twelve sons : 99–101 By Sumra bint Jundab:

Al-Ḥārith : 708  He was the firstborn and he died before his father : 99 
Quthum : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham By Fatima bint Amr:

Al-Zubayr : 707  He was a poet and a chief; his father made a will in his favour : 99  He died before Islam, leaving two sons and daughters : 101 : 34–35 
Abu Talib, born as Abd Manaf,: 99 : 707  father of the future Caliph Ali  He later became chief of the Hashim clan 
Abdullah, the father of Muhammad : 99 : 707 
Umm Hakim al-Bayda,: 100 : 707  the maternal grandmother of the third Caliph Uthman : 32 
Barra,: 100 : 707  the mother of Abu Salama : 33 
Arwa : 100 : 707 
Atika,: 100 : 707  a wife of Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira : 31 
Umayma,: 100 : 707  the mother of Zaynab bint Jahsh and Abd Allah ibn Jahsh : 33 By Lubnā bint Hājar:

Abd al-'Uzzā, better known as Abū Lahab : 100 : 708 By Halah bint Wuhayb:

Ḥamza,: 707  the first big leader of Islam  He killed many leaders of the kufar and was considered as the strongest man of the quraysh  He was martyred at Uhud : 100 
Ṣafīyya : 100 : 707 
Al-Muqawwim : 707  He married Qilaba bint Amr ibn Ju'ana ibn Sa'd al-Sahmia, and had children named Abd Allah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, and Umm Amr (Qutayla or Amra) 
Hajl : 707  He married Umm Murra bint Abi Qays ibn Abd Wud, and had two sons, named Abd Allah, Ubayd Allah, and three daughters named Murra, Rabi'a, and Fakhita By Natīlah bint Khubāb:

al-'Abbas,: 100 : 707  ancestor of the Abbasid caliphs 
Ḍirār,: 707  who died before Islam : 100 
Jahl, died before Islam
Imran, died before IslamBy Mumanna'a bint 'Amr:

Mus'ab, who, according to Ibn Saad, was the one known as al-Ghaydāq : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham 
Al-Ghaydaq, died before Islam 
Abd al-Ka'ba, died before Islam : 100 
Al-Mughira,: 100  who had the byname al-Ghaydaq 

The family tree and some of his important descendants
Death
Abdul Muttalib's son 'Abdullāh died four months before Muḥammad's birth, after which Abdul Muttalib took care of his daughter-in-law Āminah  One day Muhammad's mother, Amina, wanted to go to Yathrib, where her husband, Abdullah, died  So, Muhammad, Amina, Abd al-Muttalib and their caretaker, Umm Ayman started their journey to Medina, which is around 500 kilometres away from Makkah  They stayed there for three weeks, then, started their journey back to Mecca  But, when they reached halfway, at Al-Abwa', Amina became very sick and died six years after her husband's death  She was buried over there  From then, Muhammad became an orphan  Abd al-Muttalib became very sad for Muhammad because he loved him so much  Abd al-Muttalib took care of Muhammad  But when Muhammad was eight years old, the very old Abd al-Muttalib became very sick and died at age 81-82 in 578-579 CE 
Shaybah ibn Hāshim's grave can be found in the Jannat al-Mu'allā cemetery in Makkah, Saudi Arabia 

See also
Family tree of Muhammad
Family tree of Shaiba ibn Hashim
Sahaba
Passage 9:
Bruno II von Berg
Bruno II of Berg (German: Bruno II von Berg) (c  1100 – 1137) was the Archbishop of Cologne from 1131 until 1137 
Bruno II of Berg was a son of Count Adolf III of Berg  In 1119 he was mentioned as a Provost in Cologne, and he became the provost of St  Gereon in Cologne in 1127  In 1130 he was elected the Archbishop of Trier, but refused 
Bruno was selected on Christmas Day of 1131 by King Lothar of Germany and a papal legate as the Archbishop of Cologne  In 1133 he converted his own keep at Altenberg into a monastery  Bruno died in 1137 in Apulia on campaign with King Lothair of Germany against Roger II of Sicily 
Passage 10:
John Westley
Rev  John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister  He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism) 

Life
John Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev  Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland  He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B A  on 23 January 1655, and M A  on 4 July 1657  After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset  Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of Winterborne Whitechurch The report of his interview in 1661 with Gilbert Ironside the elder, his diocesan, according to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, shows him to have been an Independent  He was imprisoned for not using the Book of Common Prayer, imprisoned again and ejected in 1662  After the Conventicle Act 1664 he continued to preach in small gatherings at Preston and then Poole, until his death at Preston in 1678 

Family
He married a daughter of John White, who was related also to Thomas Fuller  White, the "Patriarch of Dorchester", married a sister of Cornelius Burges  Westley's eldest son was Timothy (born 1659)  Their second son was Rev  Samuel Wesley, a High Church Anglican vicar and the father of John and Charles Wesley  A younger son, Matthew Wesley, remained a nonconformist, became a London apothecary, and died on 10 June 1737, leaving a son, Matthew, in India; he provided for some of his brother Samuel's daughters 

Notes
Additional sources
Matthews, A  G , "Calamy Revised", Oxford University Press, 1934, page 521  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Wesley, Samuel (1662-1735)"  Dictionary of National Biography  London: Smith, Elder & Co  1885–1900 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Duke Ding of Qi
Duke Ding of Qi (Chinese: 齊丁公; pinyin: Qí Dīng Gōng; reigned c  10th century BC) was the second recorded ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Qi during the Western Zhou Dynasty   His personal name was Lü Ji (呂伋) and ancestral name was Jiang (姜) According to classical Chinese texts such as the Records of the Grand Historian and Zuo Zhuan, Duke Ding succeeded his father Lü Shang, Duke Tai of Qi, who was said to have been a centenarian   Duke Ding supposedly served King Kang of Zhou along with other major vassal state rulers including Xiong Yi, viscount of Chu, Count Kang of Wey (衞康伯), Xie, Marquis of Jin and Boqin, Duke of Lu   However, most modern historians believe Duke Ding was in fact the fifth-generation descendant of Duke Tai, and he could not have served King Kang of Zhou After Duke Ding died, he was succeeded by his son Duke Yǐ of Qi 

Family
Wives:

The mother of Crown Prince Dexing and Prince DeSons:

Prince Heng (公子衡), the progenitor of the Nie (聶) lineage
Served as the Minister of War of Wey
Fourth son, Crown Prince Dexing (世子德興), the progenitor of the Cui lineage and the father of Count Mu of Cui (崔穆伯)
Prince De (公子得; d  933 BC), ruled as Duke Yǐ of Qi from 974–933 BC
A son who ruled as the Count of Yi (懿)

Ancestry
Passage 2:
Tjuyu
Thuya (sometimes transliterated as Touiyou, Thuiu, Tuya, Tjuyu or Thuyu) was an Egyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, and the wife of Yuya  She is the grandmother of Akhenaten, and great grandmother of Tutankhamun 

Biography
Thuya is believed to be a descendant of Queen Ahmose-Nefertari, and she held many official roles in the interwoven religion and government of ancient Egypt  She was involved in many religious cults; her titles included 'Singer of Hathor' and 'Chief of the Entertainers' of both Amun and Min  She also held the influential offices of Superintendent of the Harem of the god Min of Akhmin and of Amun of Thebes   She married Yuya, a powerful ancient Egyptian courtier of the Eighteenth Dynasty   She is believed to have died in around 1375 BC in her early to mid 50s 

Children
Yuya and Thuya had a daughter named Tiye, who became the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep III  The great royal wife was the highest Egyptian religious position, serving alongside of the pharaoh in official ceremonies and rituals 
Yuya and Thuya also had a son named Anen, who carried the titles Chancellor of Lower Egypt, Second Prophet of Amun, sm-priest of Heliopolis and Divine Father They also may have been the parents of Ay, an Egyptian courtier active during the reign of pharaoh Akhenaten who became pharaoh after the death of Tutankhamun  However, there is no conclusive evidence regarding the kinship of Yuya and Ay, although certainly, both men came from Akhmim 

Tomb
Thuya was interred in tomb KV46 in the Valley of the Kings, together with her husband Yuya, where their largely intact burial was found in 1905  It was the best-preserved tomb discovered in the Valley before that of Tutankhamun, Thuya's great-grandson  The tomb was discovered by a team of workmen led by archaeologist James Quibell on behalf of the American millionaire Theodore M  Davis  Though the tomb had been robbed in antiquity, much of its contents were still present, including beds, boxes, chests, a chariot, and the sarcophagi, coffins, and mummies of the two occupants Thuya's large gilded and black-painted wooden sarcophagus was placed against the south wall of the tomb  It is rectangular, with a lid shaped like the sloping roof of the per-wer shrine of Upper Egypt, and sits on ornamental sledge runners, their non-functionality underscored by the three battens attached below them  Ancient robbers had partially dismantled it to access her coffins and mummy, placing its lid and one long side on a bed on the other side of the tomb; the other long side had been leaned against the south wall  Her outer gilded anthropoid coffin had been removed, its lid placed atop the beds, and the trough put into the far corner of the tomb; the lid of her second (innermost) coffin, also gilded, had been removed and placed to one side although the trough and her mummy remained inside the sarcophagus  Quibell suggests this is due to the robbers having some difficulty in removing the lid of this coffin 

Mummy
Thuya's mummified body was found covered with a large sheet of linen, knotted at the back and secured by four bandages  These bands were covered with resin and opposite each band were her gilded titles cut from gold foil  The resin coating on the lower layers of bandages preserved the impression of a large broad collar  The mummy bands that had once covered her wrapped mummy were recovered above the storage jars on the far side of the room The first examination of her body was conducted by Australian anatomist Grafton Elliot Smith  He found her to be an elderly woman of small stature, 1 495 metres (4 90 ft) in height, with white hair  Both of her earlobes had two piercings  Her arms are straight at her sides with her hands against the outside of her thighs  Her embalming incision is stitched with thread, to which a carnelian barrel bead is attached at the lower end; her body cavity is stuffed with resin-soaked linen  When Dr  Douglas Derry, (who later conducted the first examination of Tutankhamun's mummy) assisting Smith in his examination, exposed Thuya's feet to get an accurate measurement of her height, he found her to be wearing gold foil sandals  Smith estimated her age at more than 50 years based on her outward appearance alone  Recent CT scanning has estimated her age at death to be 50–60 years old  Her brain was removed, though no embalming material was inserted, and both nostrils were stuffed with linen  Embalming packs had been placed into her eye sockets, and subcutaneous filling had been placed into her mid and lower face to restore a lifelike appearance; embalming material had also been placed into her mouth and throat  Her teeth were in poor condition at the time of her death, with missing molars  Heavy wear and abscesses had been noted in earlier x-rays  The scan revealed that she had severe scoliosis with a Cobb angle of 25 degrees  No cause of death could be determined  Her mummy has the inventory number CG 51191 

Archaeological items pertaining to Thuya
Passage 3:
King Cheng of Zhou
King Cheng of Zhou (Chinese: 周成王; pinyin: Zhōu Chéng Wáng; Wade–Giles: Chou1 Ch‘êng2 Wang2), personal name Ji Song (姬誦), was the second king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty  The dates of his reign are 1042–1021 BCE or 1042/35–1006 BCE  His parents were King Wu of Zhou and Queen Yi Jiang (邑姜) King Cheng was young when he ascended the throne  His uncle, Duke of Zhou, fearing that Shang forces might rise again under the possible weak rule of a young ruler, became the regent and supervised government affairs for several years  Duke of Zhou established the eastern capital at Luoyang, and later defeated a rebellion by Cheng's uncles Cai Shu, Guan Shu and Huo Shu King Cheng later stabilized the Zhou dynasty's border by defeating several barbarian tribes along with the Duke of Zhou 

Family
Queens:

Wang Si, of the Si clan (王姒 姒姓), the mother of Crown Prince ZhaoSons:

Crown Prince Zhao (太子釗; 1040–996 BC), ruled as King Kang of Zhou from 1020 to 996 BC

Ancestry
See also
Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors
Passage 4:
King Kang of Zhou
King Kang of Zhou, personal name Ji Zhao, was the third sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and son of King Cheng of Zhou  The dates of his reign are 1020–996 BC or 1005–978 BC King Kang followed his father's policy and expanded the Zhou territory in the North and in the West  He also repressed a rebellion in the east  Life prospered in the Zhou Dynasty under Kang’s rule 
His was succeeded by his son King Zhao of Zhou 

Family
Queens:

Wang Jiang, of the Jiang clan (王姜 姜姓), the mother of Crown Prince XiaSons:

Crown Prince Xia (太子瑕; 1027–977 BC), ruled as King Zhao of Zhou from 995–977 BC

Ancestry
See also
Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors
Passage 5:
King Ding of Zhou
King Ding of Zhou (Chinese: 周定王; pinyin: Zhōu Dìng Wáng), personal name Ji Yu, was the twenty-first king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty and the ninth of Eastern Zhou  He was a son of King Qing of Zhou and brother of King Kuang of Zhou He sent an official named Wangsun Man to present gifts to the Chu army  He met Prince Zhuang 

Family
Spouse:

Queen Ding of Zhou, of the Jiang clan of Qi (周定後 姜姓), possibly a daughter of Duke Hui of Qi; married in 603 BCSons:

Prince Yi (王子夷; d  572 BC), ruled as King Jian of Zhou from 585–572 BC

Ancestry
See also
Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors


== Sources ==
Passage 6:
Hubba bint Hulail
Hubba bint Hulail (Arabic: حبة بنت هليل) was the grandmother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus the great-great-great-grandmother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 

Biography
Hubbah was the daughter of Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah ibn Salul ibn Ka’b ibn Amr al-Khuza’i of Banu Khuza'a who was the trustee and guardian of the Ka‘bah (Arabic: كَـعْـبَـة, 'Cube')  She married Qusai ibn Kilab and after her father died, the keys of the Kaaba were committed to her  Qusai, according to Hulail's will, had the trusteeship of the Kaaba after him 
Hubbah never gave up ambitious hopes for the line of her favourite son Abd Manaf  Her two favourite grandsons were the twin sons Amr and Abd Shams, of ‘Ātikah bint Murrah  Hubbah hoped that the opportunities missed by Abd Manaf would be made up for in these grandsons, especially Amr, who seemed much more suitable for the role than any of the sons of Abd al-Dar  He was dear to the ‘ayn (Arabic: عـيـن, eye) of his grandmother Hubbah 

Family
Qusai ibn Kilab had four sons by Hubbah: Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai dedicated to his house, Abdu’l Qusayy dedicated to himself, Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai to his goddess (Al-‘Uzzá) and Abd Manaf ibn Qusai to the idol revered by Hubbah  They also had two daughters, Takhmur and Barrah  Abd Manaf's real name was 'Mughirah', and he also had the nickname 'al-Qamar' (the Moon) because he was handsome 
Hubbah was related to Muhammad in more than one way  Firstly, she was the great-great-grandmother of his father Abdullah  She was also the great-grandmother of Umm Habib and Abdul-Uzza, respectively the maternal grandmother and grandfather of Muhammad's mother Aminah 

Family tree
* indicates that the marriage order is disputed
Note that direct lineage is marked in bold 

See also
Family tree of Muhammad
List of notable Hijazis
Passage 7:
Duke of Shao
Shi, Duke of Shao (died c  1000 BCE), born Ji Shi, posthumous name Kang (康), also known as Lord of Shao or Duke of Shao, Duke Kang of Shao, and Grand Protector Shi, was a high-ranking minister of the early Zhou dynasty  He was a member of the royal clan  After King Wu of Zhou's death, Lord Shao supported the Duke of Zhou in his regency and helped suppress the Rebellion of the Three Guards  He remained a major figure at court for decades 

Royal kin
The earliest biography of Lord Shao, in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, states merely that he was a member of same ancestral temple kinship group as the house of Zhou  Wang Chong's Lunheng calls him the elder brother of the Duke of Zhou  Huangfu Mi states Lord Shao was the son of King Wen of Zhou by a concubine  Modern scholarship has not significantly modified this view  Edward Shaughnessy called Lord Shao half-brother to the Duke of Zhou in a 1989 paper  Maria Khayutina, writing in 2015, reads the Gu Ming (顧命) chapter of the Shangshu as ordering the lineages who visit the ailing King Cheng of Zhou by their seniority rank within the Ji ancestral temple  With Shao in the first position, prior to the lineages founded by the sons of King Wen she reasons this lineage was founded earlier 

Early career
For his role in the Zhou conquest of Shang, King Wu created Lord Shao the regional lord of Yan, but he never went to his lands, sending a son to mind them in his stead  Lord Shao was also appointed as the Grand Protector (太保), one of the Three Ducal Ministers, the highest ministerial positions in the capital  The Duke of Zhou was another 
Two years after the conquest, before Zhou power had been completely consolidated, King Wu was dead  His son was considered too young to be fit to rule, and the Duke of Zhou unilaterally took power  The preceding Shang dynasty had handled succession by distributed agnatic seniority, a pattern which followed would have put the Duke of Zhou next in line for the throne  An illegally excavated manuscript version of a chapter of Shangshu, part of the Tsinghua bamboo slips, allows for the reading that the Duke of Zhou had performed a sacrifice to the ancestral spirits to divine whether he was their chosen successor to the ailing King Wu  The traditional reading interprets this passage to indicate the Duke of Zhou offering his life if the king's could be spared  In both readings, this ceremony is suggested by the other two Ducal Ministers Traditionally, the Duke of Zhou is considered to have assumed regency rather than kingship  In any case, the son of the vanquished Shang king and affiliated groups, possibly aided by Zhou royal brothers, took the opportunity to rebel in an action called the Rebellion of the Three Guards  Lord Shao allied with the Duke of Zhou, and after three years the rebellion was suppressed 

Sharing power
With the violence quelled, King Wu's son, now three years less young, along with the victorious Lord Shao and Duke of Zhou, entered into a triple alliance, sharing power delicately between them  Lord Shao was given power over the lands to the west of the twin capitals Feng and Hao, on the Wei river in present day Xi'an, Shaanxi  This included his lineage's power base near the predynastic Zhou capital of Xishan; the Duke of Zhou was given control over the lands to the east   It was during this timeframe Lord Shao went to survey the site of the new capital city Luoyi (present day Luoyang, Henan), which would control both the strategic ford which had facilitated the Zhou conquest in the first place, as well as the pass through the mountains to the Zhou homeland  The portents were also auspicious, and Lord Shao had rammed earth city wall constructed in a month's time Multiple episodes carried by the Shangshu relate to this period of time, and two in particular relate to each other and the power struggle at court  Jun Shi (君奭), a piece of persuasive writing from the Duke of Zhou to Lord Shao is one, and the other is Shao Gao (召誥), mostly by Lord Shao 
The language is archaic, and admits multiple readings  The traditional reading takes into account a cryptic statement that Lord Shao was unhappy at court to read Jun Shi as a plea from Lord Shao to remain in his position and help coadminister government affairs until the new king is ready  Shao Gao is then read as an exhortation to the new king to do a good job An alternative reading pits the two chapters against one another, with Lord Shao highlighting how the Mandate of Heaven flows only to the eldest son, and the Duke of Zhou calling upon a panoply of worthy ministers of yore to support his platform of how crucial capable ministers are to good government, quoting Lord Shao's own words back at him about how the two of them would work together, asserting that heaven's mandate had come jointly to the Zhou as a group, and ending with an impassioned plea where he addresses Lord Shao as his brother Although the two texts are clearly closely related, which is the response to the other is debated  And whether they are read from a traditional or revisionist viewpoint, regardless of the personal, political, or philosophical motives behind either man's words, soon thereafter the young King Cheng stepped fully into his authority, and the Duke of Zhou disappeared from the political scene for the remainder of his life 

Longevity
Lord Shao served four generations of Zhou kings: King Wen, King Wu, King Cheng, and King Kang  He features prominently in the later Shangshu chapter Gu Ming, which describes the inauguration ritual of King Kang  In it, Lord Shao can be seen to command great respect at court  He is listed first in each enumeration of participants, gives orders to other functionaries to help prepare for the proceedings, performs ritual actions rivaled only by the new king and the Master Ritualist, and reads the command of accession to the king Wang Chong's Lunheng claims that Lord Shao lived over a hundred years, and epigraphic records securely dateable to the middle years of King Kang's reign tend to support rather than refute this claim The Classic of Poetry ode "The Sweet Pears" (甘棠) is said to have been composed in his honour 
Passage 8:
King An of Zhou
King An of Zhou (Chinese: 周安王; pinyin: Zhōu Ān Wáng), personal name Ji Jiao, was the thirty-third king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty and the twenty-first of the Eastern Zhou He succeeded his father King Weilie of Zhou on the throne of China in 401 BC and reigned until his death in 376 BC  After he died, his son King Lie of Zhou ruled over China  His other son was King Xian of Zhou 

Family
Sons:

Prince Xi (王子喜; d  369 BC), ruled as King Lie of Zhou from 375–369 BC
Prince Bian (王子扁; d  321 BC), ruled as King Xian of Zhou from 368–321 BC

Ancestry
See also
Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors
Passage 9:
Shu Yu of Tang
Shu Yu of Tang (Chinese: 唐叔虞; pinyin: Táng Shū Yú; lit  'Yu, [Royal] Uncle of Tang'), ancestral name (姓): Ji (姬) given name (名): Yu (虞),  and Ziyu (子於), was the founder of the State of Tang during the early Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BC) of ancient China  The State of Tang would later be renamed Jin by Shu Yu's son and successor, Xie  He was the son of King Wu of Zhou and Yi Jiang and the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou Shortly after the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou died  His son, Prince Song, ascended the throne and became King Cheng of Zhou  Since he was very young and too inexperienced to run the newly founded dynasty, his uncle, the Duke of Zhou, served as regent and handled all political affairs until King Cheng of Zhou became old enough to rule  In the year that King Cheng of Zhou ascended the throne, the people of a land called Tang (唐) rebelled, so the Duke of Zhou conquered them 
According to the Records of the Grand Historian, one day, King Cheng of Zhou was playing with his younger brother, Prince Yu  King Cheng of Zhou suddenly picked up a parasol tree leaf and gave it to Prince Yu  Then he said playfully," Let this be a proof that I will make you a feudal lord " Prince Yu happily got the leaf and he then told this to the Duke of Zhou  The Duke of Zhou thought that whatever the young King Cheng of Zhou said should not be taken lightly since he was the king 
The Duke of Zhou approached the young king and asked him if it were true  The young king said that he was just joking with his brother  Then the Duke of Zhou replied, "A sovereign must not joke about the things he says and do as what he has said " The young king thought it was reasonable and gave the recent conquered called Tang land, west of modern Yicheng County in Shanxi, to his brother, Prince Yu 
Shu Yu's son and successor, Xie, moved the capital Jiang nearer to the Jin River and renamed the state Jin 
Jinci was a shrine in Taiyuan dedicated to Shu Yu  It is a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level in People's republic of China 

See also
Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors
Passage 10:
King Kang of Chu
King Kang of Chu (Chinese: 楚康王; pinyin: Chǔ Kāng Wáng, died 545 BC) was from 559 to 545 BC the king of Chu, a major power during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China   Born Xiong Zhao (Chinese: 熊招), he succeeded his father King Gong of Chu   His reign was marked by constant wars with Jin, Chu's traditional enemy, and Wu, its new enemy   He ruled for 15 years and was succeeded by his son, Jia'ao, who would four years later be murdered by King Kang's younger brother King Ling of Chu 

Battle of Yongpu
When King Kang's father King Gong died in 560 BC, Chu's enemy Wu seized the opportunity to invade Chu   Chief military commander Zigeng (子庚) and general Yang Youji (养由基) led the Chu army to repel the invaders   After the initial fight Zigeng feigned defeat   The Wu army chased the retreating Chu army to Yongpu (庸浦, in present-day Wuwei County, Anhui Province), where they fell into an ambush and were soundly defeated   Prince Dang, the commander of the Wu army, was captured 

Battle of Zhanban
In 557 BC, just three years after the Battle of Yongpu, Chu fought the last major battle with its traditional enemy Jin at Zhanban (湛阪, in present-day Pingdingshan, Henan Province)   Chu was defeated and lost all of its territory north of Fangcheng, the Great Wall of Chu  The Battle of Zhanban marked the end of the eight-decade-long Jin-Chu rivalry, as a weakened Chu would be consumed by numerous wars with its new enemy Wu, culminating in the 506 BC Battle of Boju, when the Wu army would capture and destroy the Chu capital Ying   Meanwhile, Jin was increasingly riven by internal strife that would ultimately lead to its partition into the new states of Han, Zhao, and Wei 

Conquest of Shujiu
In 549 BC Duke Ping of Jin attacked the Chu ally Qi   To help Qi, Chu attacked the Jin ally Zheng   King Zhufan of Wu seized the opportunity and induced the Chu vassal state Shujiu (舒鸠, in present-day Shucheng County, Anhui Province) to switch its allegiance to Wu   The next year, Chu prime minister Qu Jian (屈建, also known as Zimu) and general Zijiang (子彊) led an army to punish Shujiu, again ambushing and routing the Wu army   Chu then annexed Shujiu 

Battle of Chaocheng
In 548 BC, soon after Wu's defeat at Shujiu, King Zhufan personally led an army to again invade Chu, attacking the Chu city Chaocheng (巢城)   Greatly outnumbered by the Wu army, Chu general Niu Chen (牛臣) pretended to give up Chaocheng and left the city gate wide open   When the unsuspecting Zhufan entered the city, Niu Chen shot and killed him with an arrow   The Wu army fell into chaos and was again defeated   Zhufan's brother Yuji succeeded him as king of Wu 

Succession
King Kang was the eldest of King Gong's five sons, four of whom would ascend the throne   When King Kang died in 545 BC after 15 years of reign he was succeeded by his son Xiong Yuan (posthumous title Jia'ao) and King Kang's younger brother Prince Wei served as the prime minister   Four years later, Prince Wei murdered Jia'ao and his two sons when he was ill, and usurped the throne   Prince Wei was later given the pejorative posthumous title King Ling of Chu In 529 BC when King Ling was on an expedition against the State of Xu, his three younger brothers staged a coup d'etat and killed his son Crown Prince Lu   Xiong Bi, the third brother, ascended the throne (posthumous title Zi'ao), and the fourth brother Prince Zixi became the prime minister   When news of the coup reached King Ling's troops they abandoned him en masse, and in desperation King Ling killed himself However, Xiong Qiji, the fifth brother, concealed the truth about King Ling's death from Zi'ao and Zixi   Instead, he pretended to be defeated by King Ling and said the king would soon return to the capital   Zi'ao and Zixi were so fearful that they both committed suicide; Zi'ao had been king for less than twenty days   Prince Qiji then ascended the throne and would come to be known as King Ping of Chu 

Family tree
Context 3: Passage 1:
O Valencia!
"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife 
The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy  It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers  The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang  At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer 

Track listing
The 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side 

Music videos
For the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage  Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea  The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2  The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location  At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape  Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office"  The letters have all burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song  The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers  Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis)  They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan  Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before they gang up on him  The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca  They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch  After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection  2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe  The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town  Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick 
The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums)  The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives"  The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in Bottle Rocket 
Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists video footage 
Passage 2:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb
Passage 3:
Panda (Astro song)
Astro is the first album of long duration (after the EP Le disc of Astrou) of Chilean indie band Astro, released in 2011  The first single from the album was "Ciervos" and followed "Colombo", "Panda" and "Manglares" 
This album was chosen by National Public Radio among the 50 discs of 2012 

Track listing
All tracks written by Andrés Nusser, except where noted 

Ciervos (Deer)
Coco (Coconut)
Colombo
Druida de las nubes (Druid of the clouds)
Panda
Miu-Miu
Manglares (Mangroves)
Mira, está nevando en las pirámides (Look, it's snowing in the pyramids)
Volteretas (Tumbles)
Pepa
Nueces de Bangladesh (Nuts of Bangladesh)
Miu-Miu reaparece (Miu-Miu reappears)

Personnel
Astro

Andrés Nusser – vocals, guitar
Octavio Caviares – drums
Lego Moustache – keyboards, percussion
Zeta Moustache – keyboards, bassProduction

Andrés Nusser – producer, recording and mixing
Chalo González – mixing and mastering
Cristóbal Carvajal – recording
Ignacio Soto – recording
Passage 4:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 5:
George Michael
George Michael (born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou; 25 June 1963 – 25 December 2016) was an English singer-songwriter, record producer, and musician  He is one of the best-selling musicians of all time, with his sales estimated at between 100 million and 125 million records worldwide  A prominent figure in popular music, Michael was known as a creative force in songwriting, vocal performance, and visual presentation  He achieved 13 number one songs on the UK Singles Chart and 10 number one songs on the US Billboard Hot 100  Michael won numerous music awards, including two Grammy Awards, three Brit Awards, twelve Billboard Music Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards  He was listed among Billboard's the "Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time" and Rolling Stone's the “200 Greatest Singers of All Time”  The Radio Academy named him the most played artist on British radio during the period 1984–2004  Michael has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the UK Music hall of fame Born in East Finchley, Middlesex, Michael rose to fame as a member of the music duo Wham! and later embarked on a solo career  After he formed Wham! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981, the band's first two albums, Fantastic (1983) and Make It Big (1984), reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200  Their hit singles included "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" and "Last Christmas"  Establishing themselves as a global act, Wham! toured China in April 1985; the tour was the first visit to China by a Western popular music act, and it generated worldwide media coverage Michael's first solo single "Careless Whisper" (1984) reached number one in over 20 countries, including the UK and US  Before embarking on the production of his first solo album, Michael went on to release two number one solo singles, "A Different Corner" and the Aretha Franklin duet "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"  Michael's debut solo album, Faith (1987) topping the UK Albums Chart and staying at number one on the Billboard 200 for 12 weeks  Globally it sold 25 million copies, and four singles from the album—"Faith", "Father Figure", "One More Try", and "Monkey"—reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100  Michael became the best-selling music artist of 1988, and Faith was awarded Album of the Year at the 1989 Grammy Awards  His second solo album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 (1990), sold approximately over eight million copies and was a UK number one  It included the Billboard Hot 100 number one "Praying for Time" and the worldwide hit "Freedom! '90"  A 1991 live duet with Elton John, "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", was also a transatlantic number one  Michael went on to release two more multimillion-selling albums, Older (1996) and Patience (2004) 
Outside music, Michael was an active LGBT rights campaigner and HIV/AIDS charity fundraiser  His personal life, drug use, and legal troubles made headlines during the late 1990s and 2000s, as he was arrested for public lewdness in 1998 and was arrested for multiple drug-related offences after that time  Michael came out as gay in 1998  The 2005 documentary A Different Story covered his career and personal life  Michael's 25 Live tour spanned three tours from 2006 to 2008  Michael fell into a coma in 2011 during a bout with pneumonia, but later recovered  He performed his final concert at London's Earls Court in 2012  Michael died of heart disease on Christmas Day in 2016, at his home in Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire 

Early life
George Michael was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (Greek: Γεώργιος Κυριάκος Παναγιώτου) on 25 June 1963, in East Finchley  His father, Kyriacos "Jack" Panayiotou, was a Greek-Cypriot restaurateur who emigrated from Patriki, Cyprus, to England in the 1950s  His mother, Lesley Angold (born Harrison, died 1997), was an English dancer  In June 2008, Michael told the Los Angeles Times that his maternal grandmother was Jewish, but she married a non-Jewish man and raised her children with no knowledge of their Jewish background due to her fear during World War II  Michael spent most of his childhood in Kingsbury, London, in the home his parents bought soon after his birth; he attended Roe Green Junior School and Kingsbury High School  Michael had two sisters: Yioda (born 1958) and Melanie (1960–2019)  On the BBC's Desert Island Discs, he disclosed that his interest in music followed an injury to his head around the age of eight 

Early music
While Michael was in his early teens, the family moved to Radlett  There, Michael began attending Bushey Meads School in Bushey, where he, as "Yog", met, sat down next to, and befriended, his future Wham! partner Andrew Ridgeley  The two had the same career ambition of being musicians  Michael busked on the London Underground, performing songs such as "'39" by Queen  His involvement in the music business began with his working as a DJ, playing at the Bel Air Restaurant in Northwood, London, clubs, and local schools around Bushey, Stanmore, and Watford  This was followed by the formation of a short-lived ska band called The Executive, with Ridgeley, Ridgeley's brother Paul, Andrew Leaver, Jamie Gould, and David Mortimer (later known as David Austin) 

Wham!
Michael formed the duo Wham! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981  On the cusp of fame, he decided to legally change his name to the more accessible George Michael  The band's first album Fantastic reached No  1 in the UK in 1983 and produced a series of top 10 singles including "Young Guns", "Wham Rap!", and "Club Tropicana"  Their second album, Make It Big, reached No  1 on the charts in the US  Singles from that album included "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" (No  1 in the UK and US), "Freedom", "Everything She Wants", and "Careless Whisper" which reached No  1 in nearly 25 countries, including the UK and US, and was Michael's first solo effort as a single  In December 1984, the single "Last Christmas" was released  In 1985 Michael received the first of his three Ivor Novello Awards for Songwriter of the Year from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors Michael performed on the original 1984 Band Aid recording of "Do They Know It's Christmas?"—he appears third on the song after Paul Young and Boy George sing their lines  The song became the UK Christmas number one and Michael also donated the profits from "Last Christmas" and "Everything She Wants" to charity  Michael sang "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" with Elton John at Live Aid at Wembley Stadium in London on 13 July 1985  He also contributed background vocals to David Cassidy's 1985 hit "The Last Kiss", as well as Elton John's 1985 successes "Nikita" and "Wrap Her Up"  Michael cited Cassidy as a major career influence and interviewed Cassidy for David Litchfield's Ritz Newspaper 

Wham!'s tour of China in April 1985, the first visit to China by a Western popular music act, generated worldwide media coverage, much of it centred on Michael  The headline in the Chicago Tribune read: "East meets Wham!, and another great wall comes down"  Before Wham!'s appearance in China, many kinds of music in the country were forbidden  The band's manager, Simon Napier-Bell, had spent 18 months trying to convince Chinese officials to let the duo play  The audience included members of the Chinese government  Chinese television presenter Kan Lijun, who was the on-stage host, spoke of Wham!'s historic performance: "No-one had ever seen anything like that before  All the young people were amazed and everybody was tapping their feet  Of course the police weren't happy and they were scared there would be riots " Wham! performed their hits with scantily clad dancers and strobing disco lights  According to Napier-Bell, Michael tried to get the crowd to clap along to "Club Tropicana", but "they hadn't a clue – they thought he wanted applause and politely gave it", before adding that some Chinese did eventually "get the hang of clapping on the beat " A UK embassy official in China stated "there was some lively dancing but this was almost entirely confined to younger western members of the audience " The tour was documented by film director Lindsay Anderson and producer Martin Lewis in their film Wham! in China: Foreign Skies With the success of Michael's solo singles, "Careless Whisper" (1984) and "A Different Corner" (1986), rumours of an impending break up of Wham! intensified  The duo officially separated in 1986, after releasing a farewell single, "The Edge of Heaven" and a farewell compilation, The Final (their third album Music from the Edge of Heaven was released in North America and Japan), plus a sell-out concert at Wembley Stadium that included the world premiere of the China film  The Wham! partnership ended officially with the commercially successful single "The Edge of Heaven", which reached No  1 on the UK chart in June 1986 

Solo career
1987–1989
During early 1987, at the beginning of his solo career, Michael released "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)", a duet with Aretha Franklin  "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" was a one-off project that helped Michael achieve an ambition by singing with one of his favourite artists  It scored number one on both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 upon its release  For Michael, it became his third consecutive solo number one in the UK from three releases, after 1984's "Careless Whisper" (though the single was actually from the Wham! album Make It Big) and 1986's "A Different Corner"  The single was also the first Michael had recorded as a solo artist which he had not written himself  The co-writer, Simon Climie, was unknown at the time; he later had success as a performer with the band Climie Fisher in 1988  Michael and Aretha Franklin won a Grammy Award in 1988 for Best R&B Performance – Duo or Group with Vocal for the song In late 1987, Michael released his debut solo album, Faith  The first single released from the album was "I Want Your Sex", in mid-1987  The song was banned by many radio stations in the UK and US, due to its sexually suggestive lyrics  MTV broadcast the video, featuring celebrity make-up artist Kathy Jeung in a basque and suspenders, only during the late night hours  Michael argued that the act was beautiful if the sex was monogamous, and he recorded a brief prologue for the video in which he said: "This song is not about casual sex " One of the racier scenes involved Michael writing the words "explore monogamy" on his partner's back in lipstick  Some radio stations played a toned-down version of the song, "I Want Your Love", with the word "love" replacing "sex" When "I Want Your Sex" reached the US charts, American Top 40 host Casey Kasem refused to say the song's title, referring to it only as "the new single by George Michael " In the US, the song was also sometimes listed as "I Want Your Sex (from Beverly Hills Cop II)", since the song was featured on the soundtrack of the movie  Despite censorship and radio play problems, "I Want Your Sex" reached No  2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No  3 in the UK  The second single, "Faith", was released in October 1987, a few weeks before the album  "Faith" became one of his most popular songs  The song was No  1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks, becoming the best-selling single of 1988 in the US  It also reached No  1 in Australia, and No  2 on the UK Singles Chart  The video provided some definitive images of the 1980s music industry in the process—Michael in shades, leather jacket, cowboy boots, and Levi's jeans, playing a guitar near a classic-design jukebox On 30 October, Faith was released in the UK and in several markets worldwide  Faith topped the UK Albums Chart, and in the US, the album had 51 non-consecutive weeks in the top 10 of Billboard 200, including 12 weeks at No  1  Faith had many successes, with four singles ("Faith", "Father Figure", "One More Try", and "Monkey") reaching No  1 in the US  Faith was certified Diamond by the RIAA for sales of 10 million copies in the US  To date, global sales of Faith are more than 25 million units  The album was highly acclaimed by music critics, with AllMusic journalist Steve Huey describing it as a "superbly crafted mainstream pop/rock masterpiece" and "one of the finest pop albums of the '80s"  In a review by Rolling Stone magazine, journalist Mark Coleman commended most of the songs on the album, which he said "displays Michael's intuitive understanding of pop music and his increasingly intelligent use of his power to communicate to an ever-growing audience "In 1988, Michael embarked on a world tour  In Los Angeles, Michael was joined on stage by Aretha Franklin for "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"  It was the second highest grossing event of 1988, earning $17 7 million  At the 1988 Brit Awards held at the Royal Albert Hall on 8 February, Michael received the first of his two awards for Best British Male Solo Artist  Later that month, Faith won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 31st Grammy Awards  At the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards on 6 September in Los Angeles, Michael received the Video Vanguard Award  According to Michael in his film, A Different Story, success did not make him happy and he started to think there was something wrong in being an idol for millions of teenage girls  The whole Faith process (promotion, videos, tour, awards) left him exhausted, lonely and frustrated, and far from his friends and family  In 1990, he told his record company Sony that, for his second album, he did not want to do promotions like the one for Faith 

1990s
Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 was released in September 1990  The title is an indication of his desire to be taken more seriously as a songwriter  It reached No  23 in the UK and No  27 in the US in October 1990  The album was released in Europe on 3 September 1990, and one week later in the US  It reached No  1 in the UK Albums Chart and peaked at No  2 on the US Billboard 200  It spent a total of 88 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and was certified four-times Platinum by the BPI  The album produced five UK singles, all of which were released within an eight-month period: "Praying for Time", "Waiting for That Day", "Freedom! '90", "Heal the Pain", and "Cowboys and Angels" (the latter being his only single not to chart in the UK top 40)  Michael refused to do any promotion for the album  At the 1991 Brit Awards, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 won the award for Best British Album The album's first single, "Praying for Time", with lyrics concerning social ills and injustice, was released in August 1990  James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine described the song as "a distraught look at the world's astounding woundedness  Michael offers the healing passage of time as the only balm for physical and emotional hunger, poverty, hypocrisy, and hatred " The song was an instant success, reaching No  1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No  6 in the UK  A video was released shortly thereafter, consisting of the lyrics on a dark background  Michael did not appear in this video or any subsequent videos for the album  The second single from Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1, "Waiting for That Day", was an acoustic-heavy single, released as an immediate follow-up to "Praying for Time" 
"Freedom '90" was the second of only two singles from Listen Without Prejudice to be supported by a music video (the other being the Michael-less "Praying for Time")  The song alludes to his struggles with his artistic identity, and prophesied his efforts shortly thereafter to end his recording contract with Sony Music  As if to prove the song's sentiment, Michael refused to appear in the video (directed by David Fincher), and instead recruited supermodels Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Tatjana Patitz, and Cindy Crawford to appear in and lip sync in his stead  It also featured lyrics critical of his sex symbol status  It reached No  8 success on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, and No  28 on the UK Singles Chart  "Mother's Pride" gained significant radio play in the US during the first Persian Gulf War during 1991, often with radio stations mixing in callers' tributes to soldiers with the music Later in 1991, Michael embarked on the Cover to Cover tour in Japan, England, the US, and Brazil, where he performed at Rock in Rio  The tour was not a proper promotion for Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  Rather, it featured Michael singing his favourite cover songs  Among his favourites was "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", a 1974 song by Elton John; Michael and John had performed the song together at the Live Aid concert in 1985, and again for Michael's concert at London's Wembley Arena on 25 March 1991, where the duet was recorded  "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" was released as a single at the end of 1991 and reached No  1 in both the UK and US



ground_truth: Adolf II of Berg

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandmother of King Kang Of Zhou?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  In 1991, Michael released an autobiography through Penguin Books titled Bare, co-written with Tony Parsons An expected follow-up album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  2, was scrapped due to Michael's lawsuit with Sony  Instead, Michael donated three songs to the charity project Red Hot + Dance, for the Red Hot Organization which raised money for AIDS awareness; a fourth track, "Crazyman Dance", was the B-side of 1992's "Too Funky"  Michael donated the royalties from "Too Funky" to the same cause  "Too Funky" reached No  4 on the UK Singles Chart and No  10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 

Michael performed with Queen at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert on 20 April 1992 at Wembley Stadium  The concert was a tribute to the life of the late Queen frontman, Freddie Mercury, with the proceeds going to AIDS research  Michael performed "'39", "These Are the Days of Our Lives" with Lisa Stansfield and "Somebody to Love"  Michael's performance of "Somebody to Love" was hailed as "one of the best performances of the tribute concert"  Michael later reflected, "It was probably the proudest moment for me of my career, because it was me living out a childhood fantasy, I suppose, to sing one of Freddie's songs in front of 80,000 people "The Five Live EP featured five live recordings (six in several countries) performed by Michael, Queen, and Lisa Stansfield  "Somebody to Love" and "These Are the Days of Our Lives" were recorded at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert  "Killer", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", and "Calling You" were recorded during his Cover to Cover Tour from 1991 
All proceeds from the sale of the EP benefited the Mercury Phoenix Trust  Sales of the EP were strong through Europe, where it debuted at No  1 in the UK and several European countries  Chart success in the US was less spectacular, where it reached No  40 on the Billboard 200 ("Somebody to Love" reached No  30 on the US Billboard Hot 100)  The performance would later feature on Queen's compilation album Greatest Hits III During November 1994, after a long period of seclusion, Michael appeared at the first MTV Europe Music Awards show, where he gave a performance of a new song, "Jesus to a Child"  The song was a melancholy tribute to his lover, Anselmo Feleppa, who had died in March 1993  The song entered the UK Singles Chart at No  1 and No  7 on Billboard upon release in 1996  It was Michael's longest UK Top 40 single, at almost seven minutes long  The exact identity of the song's subject—and the nature of Michael's relationship with Feleppa—was shrouded in innuendo and speculation, as Michael had not confirmed he was homosexual and did not do so until 1998  The video for "Jesus to a Child" was a picture of images recalling loss, pain and suffering  Michael consistently dedicated the song to Feleppa before performing it live Michael released "Fastlove", an energetic tune about wanting gratification and fulfilment without commitment, in 1996  The single version was nearly five minutes long  "Fastlove" was supported by a futuristic virtual reality-related video  The single reached No  1 on the UK Singles Chart, spending three weeks at the top spot  In the US, "Fastlove" peaked at No  8  Following "Fastlove", Michael released Older, his third studio album  In the UK, the album was particularly notable for producing a record six top three hit singles in a two-year span In 1996, Michael was voted Best British Male at the MTV Europe Music Awards and the Brit Awards; and at the British Academy's Ivor Novello Awards, he was awarded the title of Songwriter of the Year for the third time  Michael performed a concert at Three Mills Studios, London, for MTV Unplugged  It was his first long performance in years, and in the audience was Michael's mother, who died of cancer the following year Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998) was Michael's first solo greatest hits collection  The collection of 28 songs (29 songs are included on the European and Australian release) are separated into two halves, with each containing a particular theme and mood  The first CD, titled "For the Heart", predominantly contains ballads; the second CD, "For the Feet", consists mainly of dance tunes  It was released through Sony Music Entertainment as a condition of severing contractual ties with the label  Ladies & Gentlemen was a success, peaking at No  1 on the UK Albums Chart for eight weeks  It spent over 200 weeks in the UK chart, and is the 45th best-selling album of all time in the UK  It is certified seven-times platinum in the UK and multi-platinum in the US, and is Michael's most commercially successful album in his homeland, having sold more than 2 8 million copies  As of 2013, the album had reached worldwide sales of approximately 15 million copies  The first single of the album, "Outside", was a humorous song making a reference to his arrest for soliciting a policeman in a public toilet  "As", his duet with Mary J  Blige, was released as the second single in many territories around the world  Both singles reached the top 5 in the UK Singles Chart Released in 1999, Songs from the Last Century is a studio album of cover tracks  The album achieved the lowest peak of his solo efforts, peaking at No  157 on the American Billboard 200 albums chart and at No  2 in the UK Albums Chart 

2000s
In 2000, Michael worked on the hit single "If I Told You That" with Whitney Houston  Michael co-produced on the single along with Rodney Jerkins  Michael's first single from his fifth studio album, "Freeek!", reached the Top 10 in the UK  His next single was "Shoot the Dog" which was released in July 2002 during the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq  The video for the song showed Tony Blair as George Bush's poodle  The single's cover featured the Daily Mirror's "Howdy Poodle" front page from earlier in the year  Responding to criticism, Michael said, "I am British, I live here, I pay my taxes, and I'm very, very worried that we are now the second most dangerous country in the world thanks to our special relationship with America " It reached No  1 in Denmark and made the top 5 in most European charts  It peaked at No  12 on the UK Singles Chart In February 2003, Michael recorded another song in protest against the looming Iraq war, Don McLean's "The Grave"  The original was written by McLean in 1971 and was a protest against the Vietnam War  Michael performed the song on numerous TV shows including Top of the Pops and So Graham Norton  His performance of the song on Top of the Pops on 7 March 2003 was his first studio appearance on the programme since 1986  He ran into conflict with the show's producers for an anti-war, anti-Blair T-shirt worn by some members of his band  McLean stated that he was "'proud of George Michael for standing up for life and sanity'" 

When Michael's fifth studio album, Patience, was released in 2004, it was critically acclaimed and went to No  1 on the UK Albums Chart  The album became one of the fastest-selling albums in the UK, selling over 200,000 copies in the first week alone  It reached the Top 5 on most European charts and peaked at No  12 in the US, selling over 500,000 copies to earn a Gold certification from the RIAA  "Amazing", the third single from the album, became a No  1 hit in Europe  When Michael appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 26 May 2004, to promote the album, he performed "Amazing", along with his classic songs "Father Figure" and "Faith"  On the show, Michael spoke of his arrest, the public revelation of his homosexuality, and his resumption of public performances  He allowed Oprah's crew inside his home outside London  The fourth single taken off the album was "Flawless"  It was a dance hit in Europe as well as North America, reaching No  1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play and becoming Michael's last No  1 single on the US Dance chart  Twenty Five is Michael's second greatest hits album, celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career  Released in November 2006 by Sony BMG, it debuted at no  1 in the UK 

During the 2005 Live 8 concert at Hyde Park, London, Michael joined Paul McCartney on stage, harmonising on The Beatles classic "Drive My Car"  In 2006, Michael embarked on his first tour in 15 years, 25 Live  The tour began in Barcelona, Spain, on 23 September and finished in December at Wembley Arena in England  On 9 June 2007, Michael became the first artist to perform live at the newly renovated Wembley Stadium in London  On 25 March 2008, a third part of the 25 Live Tour was announced for North America, with 21 dates in the US and Canada Michael made his American acting debut by playing a guardian angel to Jonny Lee Miller's character on Eli Stone, a US TV series  Each episode of the show's first season was named after a song of his  Michael also appeared on the 2008 finale show of American Idol on 21 May, singing "Praying for Time"  When asked what he thought Simon Cowell would say of his performance, he replied "I think he'll probably tell me I shouldn't have done a George Michael song  He's told plenty of people that in the past, so I think that'd be quite funny " On 25 December 2008, Michael released a new Christmas-themed track, "December Song", on his website for free 

2010s
In early 2010, Michael performed his first concerts in Australia since 1988  On 20 February 2010, Michael performed his first show in Perth at the Burswood Dome to an audience of 15,000  On 2 March 2011, Michael announced the release of his cover version of New Order's 1987 hit "True Faith" in aid of the UK charity telethon Comic Relief  Michael appeared on Comic Relief itself, featuring in the first Carpool Karaoke sketch of James Corden, with the pair singing songs while Corden drove around London  On 15 April 2011, Michael released a cover of Stevie Wonder's 1972 song, "You and I", as an MP3 gift to Prince William and Catherine Middleton on the occasion of their wedding on 29 April 2011  Although the MP3 was released for free download, Michael appealed to those who downloaded the track to make a contribution to "The Prince William & Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund" 

The Symphonica Tour began at the Prague State Opera House on 22 August 2011  In October 2011, Michael was announced as one of the final nominees for the Songwriter's Hall of Fame  In November, he had to cancel the remainder of the tour as he became ill with pneumonia in Vienna, Austria, ultimately slipping into a coma In February 2012, two months after leaving hospital, Michael made a surprise appearance at the 2012 Brit Awards at the O2 Arena in London, where he received a standing ovation, and presented Adele the award for Best British Album  In March, Michael announced that he was healthy and that the Symphonica Tour would resume in autumn  The final concert of the tour—which was also the final concert of Michael's life–was performed at London's Earls Court on 17 October 2012 Symphonica was released on 17 March 2014, and became Michael's seventh solo No  1 album in the UK, and ninth overall including his Wham! chart-toppers  The album was produced by Phil Ramone and Michael; the album was Ramone's last production credit  On 2 November 2016, Michael's management team announced that a second documentary on his life, entitled Freedom, was set to be released in March 2017  A month after, English songwriter Naughty Boy confirmed plans to collaborate with Michael, for a new song and album  Naughty Boy claimed that the song is "amazing but [   ] bittersweet"  On 7 September 2017 (months after Michael's death), the single "Fantasy", featuring Nile Rodgers, was released Having charted at number two upon its release in 1984 (behind Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" which Michael also performed in), "Last Christmas" finally reached number-one in the UK Singles Chart on New Year's Day 2021 (chart week ending date 7 January 2021), more than 36 years after its initial release  Andrew Ridgeley said the chart placing was "a testament to its timeless appeal and charm", adding: "It is a fitting tribute to George's song-writing genius    he would have been immensely proud and utterly thrilled " The period of 36 years taken to reach number one was a UK chart record, which would be surpassed by Kate Bush with "Running Up That Hill" in June 2022 which took 37 years 

Posthumous releases
On 7 September 2017, Michael's estate released the single "Fantasy"  Written and produced by Michael, was recorded while he was working on Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  However, the track was not included on the album  Instead in October 1990, it was featured on the "Waiting for That Day" single in the United Kingdom and on the "Freedom! '90" single in the rest of the world  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The album includes the original version of "Fantasy" and the 1998 version; the Nile Rodgers remix was not included on the disc but was made available to purchasers as a digital download  On 18 October 2017, a music video was released on Vevo In 2019, the Emma Thompson-written film Last Christmas was released  The title of the film is taken from the Wham classic  An official soundtrack album was released by Legacy Recordings on CD, two-disc vinyl, and digital formats on 8 November 2019  The album contains 14 Wham! and solo George Michael songs, as well as a previously unreleased song originally completed in 2015 titled "This Is How (We Want You to Get High)"  The soundtrack album debuted at number one on the UK Official Soundtrack Albums Chart and at number 11 on the UK Albums Chart on 15 November 2019  It also entered the Australian Albums Chart at number seven, the Irish Albums Chart, where it debuted at number 32, climbing to number 26 the following week, and at number 55 on the US Billboard 200 On 22 June 2022, the documentary film Freedom Uncut was released  Michael had been working on the film shortly before his death, alongside David Austin, and provides the narration throughout  NME, The Guardian and Empire all praised the film and rated it 4/5 stars On September 30, 2022, a remastered and expanded version of Older was released comprising the original Older album, the Upper disc and three bonus CDs, containing remixes and live recordings of Older-era tracks  The album charted at number 2 on the UK Official Albums Chart Top 100 on 7 October 2022 

Personal life
Sexuality and relationships
Michael stated that his early fantasies were about women, which "led me to believe I was on the path to heterosexuality", but at puberty he started to fantasise about men, which he later said "had something to do with my environment"  At the age of 19, Michael told Andrew Ridgeley that he was bisexual  Michael also told one of his two sisters, but he was advised not to tell his parents about his sexuality  In a 1999 interview with The Advocate, Michael told the Editor in Chief, Judy Wieder, that it was "falling in love with a man that ended his conflict over bisexuality" 
"I never had a moral problem with being gay", Michael told her  "I thought I had fallen in love with a woman a couple of times  Then I fell in love with a man, and realised that none of those things had been love "In 2004, Michael said, "I used to sleep with women quite a lot in the Wham! days but never felt it could develop into a relationship because I knew that, emotionally, I was a gay man  I didn't want to commit to them but I was attracted to them  Then I became ashamed that I might be using them  I decided I had to stop, which I did when I began to worry about AIDS, which was becoming prevalent in Britain  Although I had always had safe sex, I didn't want to sleep with a woman without telling her I was bisexual  I felt that would be irresponsible  Basically, I didn't want to have that uncomfortable conversation that might ruin the moment, so I stopped sleeping with them " In the same interview, he added: "If I wasn't with Kenny [his boyfriend at the time], I would have sex with women, no question"  He said he believed that the formation of his sexuality was "a nurture thing, via the absence of my father who was always busy working  It meant I was exceptionally close to my mother", though he stated that "there are definitely those who have a predisposition to being gay in which the environment is irrelevant " In 2007, Michael said he had hidden his sexuality because of worries over what effect it might have on his mother  Two years later, he added: "My depression at the end of Wham! was because I was beginning to realise I was gay, not bisexual "During the late 1980s, Michael had a relationship with make-up artist Kathy Jeung, who was regarded for a time as his artistic "muse" and who appeared in the "I Want Your Sex" video  Michael later said that she had been his "only bona fide" girlfriend, and that she knew of his bisexuality  In 2016, Jeung reacted to Michael's death by calling him a "true friend" with whom she had spent "some of the best time of [her] life" In 1992, Michael established a relationship with Anselmo Feleppa, a Brazilian dress designer whom he had met at the Rock in Rio concert in 1991  Six months into their relationship, Feleppa discovered that he was HIV-positive  Michael later said: "It was terrifying news  I thought I could have the disease too  I couldn't go through it with my family because I didn't know how to share it with them – they didn't even know I was gay " In 1993, Feleppa died of an AIDS-related brain haemorrhage  Michael's single, "Jesus to a Child", is a tribute to Feleppa (Michael consistently dedicated it to him before performing it live), as is his album Older (1996)  In 2008, speaking about the loss of Feleppa, Michael said: "It was a terribly depressing time  It took about three years to grieve, then after that I lost my mother  I felt almost like I was cursed "In 1996, Michael entered into a long-term relationship with Kenny Goss, a former flight attendant, cheerleading coach, and sportswear executive from Dallas, Texas  They had a home in Dallas, a 16th-century house in Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, and an £8 million mansion in Highgate, North London  In late November 2005, it was reported that Michael and Goss planned to register their relationship as a civil partnership in the UK, but because of negative publicity and his upcoming tour, they postponed their plans  On 22 August 2011, the opening night of his Symphonica world tour, Michael announced that he and Goss had split two years earlier Michael's homosexuality became publicly known following his April 1998 arrest for public lewdness  In 2007, Michael said "that hiding his sexuality made him feel 'fraudulent', and his eventual outing, when he was arrested [   ] in 1998, was a subconsciously deliberate act "In 2012, Michael entered a relationship with Fadi Fawaz, a Lebanese-Australian celebrity hairstylist and freelance photographer based in London  It was Fawaz who found Michael's body on Christmas morning 2016 

Legal troubles
On 7 April 1998, Michael was arrested for "engaging in a lewd act" in a public restroom of the Will Rogers Memorial Park in Beverly Hills, California  Michael was arrested by undercover policeman Marcelo Rodríguez in a sting operation  In an MTV interview, Michael stated: "I got followed into the restroom and then this cop—I didn't know it was a cop, obviously—he started playing this game, which I think is called, 'I'll show you mine, you show me yours, and then when you show me yours, I'm going to nick you!'"

After pleading "no contest" to the charge, Michael was fined US$810 and sentenced to 80 hours of community service  Soon afterwards, Michael made a video for his single "Outside", which satirised the public toilet incident and featured men dressed as policemen kissing  Rodríguez claimed that this video "mocked" him, and that Michael had slandered him in interviews  In 1999, he brought a US$10 million court case in California against the singer  The court dismissed the case, but an appellate court reinstated it on 3 December 2002  The court then ruled that Rodríguez, as a public official, could not legally recover damages for emotional distress On 23 July 2006, Michael was again accused of engaging in anonymous public sex, this time at London's Hampstead Heath  Michael stated that his cruising for anonymous sex was not an issue in his relationship with partner Kenny Goss



ground_truth: Yi Jiang

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did the performer of song Fantasy (George Michael Song) die?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: In February 2006, Michael was arrested for possession of Class C drugs, an incident that he described as "my own stupid fault, as usual"  He was cautioned by the police and released  In 2007, he pleaded guilty to drug-impaired driving after obstructing the road at traffic lights in Cricklewood in northwest London, and was subsequently banned from driving for two years and sentenced to community service  On 19 September 2008, Michael was arrested in a public convenience in the Hampstead Heath area for possession of Class A and C drugs  He was taken to the police station and cautioned for controlled substance possession In the early hours of 4 July 2010, Michael was returning from the Gay Pride parade, when he was spotted on CCTV crashing his car into the front of a Snappy Snaps store in Hampstead, north London, and was arrested on suspicion of being unfit to drive  On 12 August, London's Metropolitan Police said he was "charged with possession of cannabis and with driving while unfit through drink or drugs"  It was reported that Michael had also been taking the prescription tricyclic antidepressant medication amitriptyline  On 24 August 2010, the singer pleaded guilty at Highbury Corner Magistrates' Court in London after admitting driving under the influence of drugs  On 14 September 2010, at the same court, Michael was sentenced to eight weeks in prison, a fine, and a five-year ban from driving  Michael was released from Highpoint Prison in Suffolk on 11 October 2010, after serving four weeks  In the dent in the shop wall Michael had crashed into, someone graffitied the word "Wham" 

Health
Michael struggled with substance abuse for many years  He was arrested for drug-related offences in 2006, 2008 and 2010  In September 2007, on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, Michael said that his cannabis use was a problem; he wished he could smoke less of it and was constantly trying to do so  On 5 December 2009, in an interview with The Guardian, Michael explained he had cut back on cannabis and was smoking only "seven or eight" spliffs per day instead of the 25 per day he had formerly smoked  Michael also abused sleeping pills On 26 October 2011, Michael cancelled a performance at the Royal Albert Hall in London due to a viral infection  On 21 November, Vienna General Hospital admitted Michael after he complained of chest pains while at a hotel two hours before his performance at a venue there for his Symphonica Tour  Michael appeared to be "in good spirits" and responded well to treatment following his admission, but on 25 November hospital officials said that his condition had "worsened overnight"  This development led to cancellations and postponements of Michael's remaining 2011 performances, which had been scheduled mainly for the United Kingdom  The singer was later confirmed to have suffered from pneumonia and, until 1 December, was in an intensive care unit; at one point, he was comatose  On 21 December, the hospital discharged him  Michael told the press that he had undergone a tracheotomy, that the staff at the hospital had saved his life, and that he would perform a free concert for them  After waking from the coma, Michael had a temporary West Country accent, and there was concern he had developed foreign accent syndrome On 16 May 2013, Michael sustained a head injury when he fell from his moving car on the M1 motorway, near St Albans in Hertfordshire, and was airlifted to hospital  On 29 May, Michael's publicist confirmed that he had left the hospital and that his injuries were superficial In 2014, Michael stated that he had refrained from using cannabis for one-and-one-half years  In June 2015, he checked into a drug rehabilitation facility in Switzerland 

Politics
"To call us Thatcherite was so simplistic, basically saying that if you've got a deep enough tan and made a bit of money then you've got to be a Thatcherite "
Michael's father was a communist  At the age of fifteen, Michael joined the Young Communist League, under his Greek name  During the time of Margaret Thatcher as the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom throughout the 1980s, Michael voted Labour  In September 1984, Wham! performed at a benefit concert at London's Royal Festival Hall for the striking UK miners In 2000, Michael joined Melissa Etheridge, Garth Brooks, Queen Latifah, the Pet Shop Boys, and k d  lang, to perform in Washington, D C  as part of Equality Rocks, a concert to benefit the Human Rights Campaign, an American LGBT rights group  His 2002 single "Shoot the Dog" was critical of the friendly relationship between the UK and US governments, in particular the relationship between Tony Blair and George W  Bush, with their involvement in the War on Terror  Michael voiced his concern about the lack of public consultation in the UK regarding the War on Terror: "On an issue as enormous as the possible bombing of Iraq, how can you represent us when you haven't asked us what we think?"In 2006, Michael performed a free concert for NHS nurses in London to thank the nurses who had cared for his late mother  He told the audience: "Thank you for everything you do — some people appreciate it  Now if we can only get the government to do the same thing "In 2007, Michael sent the £1,450,000 piano that John Lennon used to write "Imagine" around the United States on a "peace tour", displaying at places where notable acts of violence had taken place, such as Dallas' Dealey Plaza, where US President John F  Kennedy had been shot  He devoted his 2007 concert in Sofia, from his "Twenty Five Tour" to the Bulgarian nurses prosecuted in the HIV trial in Libya  On 17 June 2008, Michael said he was thrilled by California's legalisation of same-sex marriage, calling the move "way overdue" 

Philanthropy
In November 1984, Michael joined other British and Irish pop stars of the era to form Band Aid, singing on the charity song "Do They Know It's Christmas?" for famine relief in Ethiopia  This single became the UK Christmas number one in December 1984, holding Michael's own song, "Last Christmas" by Wham!, at No  2  "Do They Know It's Christmas?" sold 3 75 million copies in the UK and became the biggest selling single in UK chart history, a title it held until 1997 when it was overtaken by Elton John's "Candle in the Wind 1997", released in tribute to Princess Diana following her death (Michael attended Diana's funeral with Elton John)  Michael donated the royalties from "Last Christmas" to Band Aid and subsequently sang with Elton John at Live Aid (the Band Aid charity concert) in 1985 In 1986, Michael took part in the Prince's Trust charity concert held at Wembley Arena, performing "Everytime You Go Away" alongside Paul Young  In 1988, Michael participated in the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute at Wembley Stadium in London together with many other singers (such as Annie Lennox and Sting), performing "Sexual Healing" An LGBT rights campaigner and HIV/AIDS charity fundraiser, the proceeds from the 1991 single "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" were divided among 10 different charities for children, AIDS and education  He was also a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation  Michael wore a red ribbon at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert at Wembley Stadium in April 1992  He was instrumental in bringing the compilation CD Red Hot + Dance to fruition, contributing three original songs, with the album featuring Seal and Madonna among others In 2003, he paired up with Ronan Keating on the UK edition of the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and won £32,000, after having their original £64,000 winnings halved by answering the £125,000 question incorrectly  The same year, Michael joined other celebrities to support a campaign to help raise £20 million for terminally ill children run by the Rainbow Trust Children's Charity of which he was a patron  He said: "Loss is such an incredibly difficult thing  I bow down to people who actually have to deal with the loss of a child "

Following Michael's death, various charities revealed that Michael had privately supported them for many years  Those charities included Childline (to whom he had donated "millions"), the Terrence Higgins Trust, and Macmillan Cancer Support  Michael also donated to individuals: he reportedly called the production team of the quiz show Deal or No Deal after a contestant had revealed that she needed £15,000 to fund IVF treatment and anonymously paid for the treatment  Michael once tipped a student nurse working as a barmaid £5,000 because she was in debt  On 3 January 2017, another woman came forward and (with the permission of Michael's family) revealed he had anonymously paid for her IVF treatment after seeing her talk about her problems conceiving on an episode of This Morning in 2010  The woman gave birth to a girl in 2012 After his death, it was also revealed that Michael had been anonymously paying for an annual Christmas tree erected where he lived in Highgate, as well as funding the Christmas lights, for the previous decade  He was also the largest funder of Highgate's annual Fair in the Square for those ten years, donating anonymously as "a local resident" 

Assets
Between 2006 and 2008, according to reports, Michael earned £48 5 million from the 25 Live tour alone  In July 2014, he was reported to have been a celebrity investor in a tax avoidance scheme called Liberty  According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2015 of the wealthiest British musicians, Michael was worth £105 million 

Death
In the early hours of Christmas Day 2016, Michael died in bed at his home in Goring-on-Thames, at the age of 53  He was found by his partner, Fadi Fawaz  In March 2017, a senior coroner in Oxfordshire attributed Michael's death to dilated cardiomyopathy with myocarditis and a fatty liver Owing to the delay in determining the cause of death, Michael's funeral was held on 29 March 2017  In a private ceremony, he was buried at Highgate Cemetery in north London, on one side of his mother's grave  His sister Melanie, who died exactly three years after him, is buried on the other side 

Aftermath
In the summer of 2017, a temporary informal memorial garden was created outside Michael's former home in The Grove, Highgate  The site, in a private square that Michael had owned, was tended by fans for approximately eighteen months until it was cleared In March 2019, Michael's art collection was auctioned in England for £11 3 million  The proceeds were donated to various philanthropic organisations Michael gave to while he was alive Michael's will left most of his £97 million estate to his sisters, his father and friends  It did not include bequests to either Fawaz or to his former partner, Kenny Goss  In 2021, following legal proceedings, the trustees of Michael's estate entered into a financial settlement with Goss 

Tributes
Elton John was among those who paid tribute to Michael, emotionally addressing the audience in Las Vegas on 28 December, "What a singer, what a songwriter  But more than anything as a human being he was one of the kindest, sweetest, most generous people I've ever met "At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards on 12 February 2017, Adele performed a slow version of "Fastlove" in tribute to Michael  On 22 February, Coldplay lead singer Chris Martin performed "A Different Corner" at the 2017 Brit Awards  In June, Michael's close friend, former Spice Girls member Geri Halliwell, released a charity single, "Angels in Chains", a tribute to him, to raise money for Childline In 2020, Michael was commemorated with a mural in his native borough of Brent  The artwork, which formed part of the Brent Biennial, was commissioned to pay tribute to his contribution to the fields of music and entertainment  Artist Dawn Mellor said it celebrates the singer as a pioneering cultural and LGBTQ+ figure 

Awards and achievements
Michael won numerous music awards throughout his 30-year career, including three Brit Awards—winning Best British Male Artist twice, four MTV Video Music Awards, six Ivor Novello Awards, three American Music Awards (including two in the traditionally-black Soul/R&B category), and two Grammy Awards from eight nominations  In 2015, he was ranked 45th in Billboard's list of the "Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time"  The Radio Academy stated that Michael was the most frequently played artist on British radio during the period 1984–2004  In 2019, Michael was named as the greatest artist of all time by Smooth Radio  
In 2023, Michael was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame  On 3 May 2023, Michael was picked as an inductee to the 2023 class alongside Kate Bush, Willie Nelson, The Spinners, Missy Elliott and Rage Against the Machine 

Discography and record sales
At the time of his death, Michael was estimated to have sold between 100 million and 125 million records worldwide  As a solo artist, he sold an estimated 100 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists  He is estimated to have sold up to 30 million records with Wham!  His debut solo album Faith sold more than 25 million copies 

Solo discography

Faith (1987)
Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 (1990)
Older (1996)
Songs from the Last Century (1999)
Patience (2004)Wham! discography

Fantastic (1983)
Make It Big (1984)

Tours
The Faith Tour (1988–89)
Cover to Cover (1991)
25 Live (2006–08)
George Michael Live in Australia (2010)
Symphonica Tour (2011–12)

See also
Imagine Piano Peace Project
List of artists by number of UK Singles Chart number ones
List of artists who reached number one in the United States
List of best-selling music artists
Panayiotou v Sony Music Entertainment (UK) Ltd
The Real George Michael: Portrait of an Artist
Passage 6:
Fantasy (George Michael song)
"Fantasy" is a song by the English singer-songwriter George Michael  It was first released in 1990 as the B-side of his single "Waiting for That Day" (and "Freedom! '90" in the US)  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The single was released posthumously, more than eight months after Michael's death on 25 December 2016 

Background
"Fantasy", written and produced by Michael, was recorded while he was working on Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  However, the track was not included on the album  Instead in October 1990, it was featured on the "Waiting for That Day" single in the United Kingdom and on the "Freedom! '90" single in the rest of the world  In 1998, a remixed version of "Fantasy" was featured on the "Outside" single  The original version of the song was included later on Michael's albums: Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998), Twenty Five (2006) and Faith (2011 edition)  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The album includes the original version of "Fantasy" and the 1998 version; the Nile Rodgers remix was not included on the disc but was made available to purchasers as a digital download   On 18 October 2017, a music video was released on Vevo 

Track listing
Digital single"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) – 4:02Promotional single"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) (Radio Edit) – 3:37

Versions
"Fantasy" – 5:00
"Fantasy '98" – 4:30
"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) – 4:02
"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) (Radio Edit) – 3:37

Charts
Release history
Passage 7:
Kathy Sanborn
Kathy Sanborn (born January 16, ?) is an American jazz vocalist and composer based in California  She won a 2015 American Songwriting Award for her song, "Fantasy "

Style
Sanborn has been compared to 1950s cool jazz singers Anita O'Day, Chris Connor, and June Christy due to her smooth vocals and clear diction  Her vocal tone has been compared to the 1970s singer-songwriter Laura Nyro for its depth and timbre  JazzTimes on Sanborn's work: "Romance is always in the air as far as Kathy Sanborn is concerned, and her songs are reflections of those emotions which take flight when overpowered by love "Spain's NoSoloSmoothJazz com says: "Kathy Sanborn is one of the most original vocalists in the American musical landscape "With the release of Peaceful Sounds, Eric Cohen of New York radio station WAER proclaimed that Sanborn's voice "truly is a gift from the heavens "

Early life
Sanborn demonstrated a love of music from an early age, and performed in front of a mirror in her bedroom  She began ballet studies as a youth, but turned her focus to piano and voice, performing in various school plays and concerts 
Her father was an amateur sax player and lover of big band music  Consequently, Sanborn had an early introduction to jazz music and its major performers 

Career
Self-released in 2008, Peaceful Sounds is Sanborn's debut album, combining jazz and new age music  The sometimes dark and philosophical album garnered almost immediate international radio attention  She followed it with Small Galaxy (2010), a more upbeat album which reached No  4 on radio station WSCA's Top Chart 
Blues for Breakfast (2011), featured Grammy nominee Scott Petito on bass, Chris Carey on drums, and Wayne Ricci on trumpet  The title track showcased Sanborn's love of jazz history and her affection for the famed musicians of the 1930s-50s who performed on New York's 52nd Street  Sanborn said, "I wrote the song, 'Blues for Breakfast', as a fond tribute to the jazz masters of days gone by  On New York's 52nd Street, the greats would 'walk the high wire' and enthrall and inspire new generations of jazz players  As jazz continues to evolve in the modern era, I imagine the masters are looking down and nodding their approval "In 2011, Sanborn released her single, "Magnetized," dedicated to film historian and Turner Classic Movies host Robert Osborne  A fan of classic movies, Sanborn composed the jazz love song as an homage to the power of attraction exhibited by film stars Six Degrees of Cool (2012) showcased Sanborn's cool jazz roots  The album includes "Bitter Winter" and "Shanty Man," songs referring to societal effects of economic depression  "Drawing from renowned influences such as cool jazz giants Miles Davis, Chet Baker, and Anita O'Day, Sanborn's new album brings cool jazz into today's contemporary scene "Sultry Night (2013) includes songs honoring Anita O'Day and Cary Grant  Sanborn composed, arranged, sang, played piano, and produced the album Sanborn won a 2015 American Songwriting Award for "Fantasy," the first single released from her 2015 album, Lights of Laniakea Kej worked with Sanborn on the album Lights of Laniakea (2015) Says Sanborn, "Back in 2014 at the University of Hawaii, scientists mapped a new supercluster that contains our own galaxy, the Milky Way  They named it Laniakea, which means, 'Immeasurable Heaven ' The album, Lights of Laniakea, describes our universal desire to live in the light – in the 'immeasurable heaven' that is our home "In 2016, Lights of Laniakea was nominated for a ZMR Award (Best Vocal Album) and a One World Music Radio Award (Best Vocal Album) Sanborn appeared on the compilation Action Moves People United, which also featured Julian Lennon, Janis Ian, and Dan Aykroyd, among many others  The album reached Billboard's top ten chart for compilation albums 
Beginning 2016, Sanborn contributed a column to the jazz web site, All About Jazz  Titled "In the Biz," the column featured Sanborn's interviews with jazz colleagues such as David Longoria, Arun Shenoy, Carol Albert, Roberta Piket, and many more  The column focused on the business of jazz music today, and how jazz musicians can best promote themselves and their music Sanborn's eighth album, Recollecting You, released August 4, 2017  A single from the album, "Falling," won a 2017 Clouzine International Music Award for Best Jazz Song In 2017, Sanborn appeared on the World music album, A Musical Journey: Together in Peace, which reached Billboard #1 in World albums  The project, created by Rupam Sarmah and Kevin Mackie, is a collaborative effort to promote global peace The composer and vocalist is a strong believer in creating new jazz music for the modern era  Sanborn says, "Instead of regurgitating old standards, we need to keep the jazz genre alive by releasing fresh music for new generations  Write new standards, and stop relying on old music to pave the way for any positive changes in jazz  There is an important place in jazz for the old songs that have touched listeners for decades, but if we wish to reach new and broader markets, we need to move forward – and not exist solely in the past  Miles Davis, if he were here today, would be shocked that jazz music has not moved further ahead by now "

Awards and honors
Discography
Passage 8:
Astrid North
Astrid North (Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973, West Berlin – 25 June 2019, Berlin) was a German soul singer and songwriter  She was the singer of the German band Cultured Pearls, with whom she released five Albums  As guest singer of the band Soulounge she published three albums 

Career
North had her first experiences as a singer with her student band Colorful Dimension in Berlin  In March 1992 she met B  La (Bela Braukmann) and Tex Super (Peter Hinderthür) who then studied at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg and who were looking for a singer for their band Cultured Pearls  The trio entered the German charts with four singles and four albums 

In 1994 North sang for the dance-pop band Big Light on their hit single Trouble Is  In 1996 she was a guest on the side project Little Red Riding Hood by Fury in the Slaughterhouse brothers Kai and Thorsten Wingenfelder which resulted in the release of the single Life's Too Short from the eponymous album The song Sleepy Eyes, texted and sung by North, appears in the soundtrack of the movie Tor zum Himmel (2003) by director Veit Helmer  In 2003 she appeared at the festival Das Fest in Karlsruhe and sang alongside her own songs a cover version of the Aerosmith hit Walk This Way together with the German singer Sasha  North also toured with the American singer Gabriel Gordon After the end of her band Cultured Pearls in 2003 North moved 2004 to New York City to write new songs, work with a number of different musicians and to experiment with her music In 2005 she joined the charity project Home, which produced an album for the benefit of the orphans from the Beluga School for Life in Thailand which have been affected by the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 and the subsequent tsunami  Beside the orphans themselves also the following artists have been involved, guitarist Henning Rümenapp (Guano Apes), Kai Wingenfelder (Fury in the Slaughterhouse), Maya Saban and others  With Bobby Hebb Astrid North recorded a new version of his classic hit Sunny  It was the first time Hebb sung this song as duett and it appeared on his last album That's All I Wanna Know 

North sang in 2006 My Ride, Spring Is Near and No One Can Tell on the album The Ride by Basic Jazz Lounge, a project by jazz trumpeter Joo Kraus  In addition, she worked as a workshop lecturer of the Popkurs at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg 
In spring 2010 North performed as the opening act of the Fakebling-Tour of Miss Platnum  The magazine Der Spiegel described her as one of the "leading ladies of the local soul scene"  On 20 July 2012 her solo debut album North was released 
On 16 September 2016 Astrid North released her second solo album, Precious Ruby, dedicated to her grandmother Precious Ruby North  North used crowdfunding to finance the album  The first single published from this album was the song Miss Lucy  In 2016 she also started her concert series North-Lichter in Berlin's Bar jeder Vernunft to which she invited singers such as Katharina Franck, Elke Brauweiler, Lizzy Scharnofske, Mia Diekow, Lisa Bassenge or Iris Romen 

Life
Astrid North was born in West Berlin, West Germany to Sondria North and Wolf-Dieter Radmann  She commuted between her birth city and her family in Houston, Texas until she was nine years old  In the USA she lived mainly with her grandparents and her time there significantly shaped her musical development Besides her music career Astrid North worked also as lecturer in Hamburg at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater and as yoga teacher  North was the mother of two children, her daughter was born in 2001 and her son in 2006  Her sister Ondria North works as make-up artist and hair stylist in the German film industry 
She died in June 2019 at the age of 45 years from pancreatic cancer 

Discography
with Cultured PearlsAlbums

1996: Sing Dela Sing (German chart position 92, 3 weeks)
1997: Space Age Honeymoon (German chart position 54, 6 weeks)
1999: Liquefied Days (German chart position 19, 9 weeks)
2002: Life on a Tuesday (German chart position 74, 1 week)Singles

1996: Tic Toc (1996) (German chart position 65, 10 weeks)
1997: Sugar Sugar Honey (German chart position 72, 9 weeks)
1998: Silverball (German chart position 99, 2 weeks)
1999: Kissing the Sheets (German chart position 87, 9 weeks)with Soulounge

2003: The Essence of the Live Event – Volume One
2004: Home
2006: Say It AllSolo

2005: Sunny (Single, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2012: North (Album, 20  Juli 2012)
2013: North Live (Album, live recordings from different venues in Germany)
2016: Sunny (Compilation, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2016: Precious Ruby (Album, 16  September 2016)as guest singer

1994: Trouble Is – Big Light (Single)
1996: Life's Too Short – Little Red Riding Hood (Single)
2006: Basic Jazz Lounge: The Ride – Joo Kraus (Album)



ground_truth: Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire