prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which country Dorothea Of Denmark, Duchess Of Mecklenburg's father is from?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg
Dorothea of Denmark (1528 – 11 November 1575), was a Danish princess and a Duchess consort of Mecklenburg  She was the daughter of king Frederick I of Denmark and Sophie of Pomerania  She was married to Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gadebusch in 1573 
Dorothea was raised with her maternal grand parents in Pomerania as a child, but spent her adult life at the Danish royal court and with her mother in Kiel  She took part in the entourage of her niece Anne of Denmark at the latter's wedding in Saxony in 1548, but otherwise she lived a discreet life  She died two years after her marriage, and her sister Elizabeth of Denmark had a monument erected over her grave 

Ancestry
Passage 2:
Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Marie of Mecklenburg, born sometime between 1363 and 1367, but probably by 1365, dead after 13 May 1402, was a duchess of Pomerania  She was the daughter of Duke Henry III of Mecklenburg (death 1383) and Princess Ingeborg of Denmark (death 1370), elder sister of Queen Margrete I of Denmark 

History
She married 1380, before March 23, with Duke Wartislaw VII of Pomerania(fallen 1394 or 1395) and together they had one son and a daughter:

Bogusław (born about 1382, dead 1459), better known as the Kalmar Union King Eric of Pomerania; and,
Catherine (born about 1390, dead 1426), married to Count palatine John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt (born about 1383, dead 1443) Maria was also possibly the heir to her aunt, the Nordic Union Queen Margaret I of Denmark 

See also
House of Knýtlinga
Passage 3:
Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I (Danish and Norwegian: Frederik; German: Friedrich; Swedish: Fredrik; 7 October 1471 – 10 April 1533) was King of Denmark and Norway  He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over Denmark and Norway, when subsequent monarchs embraced Lutheranism after the Protestant Reformation  As king of Norway, Frederick is most remarkable in never having visited the country and was never crowned as such   Therefore, he was styled  King of Denmark, the Vends and the Goths, elected King of Norway  Frederick's reign began the enduring tradition of calling kings of Denmark alternatively by the names Christian and Frederick, which has continued up to the reign of the current monarch, Margrethe II 

Background
Frederick was the younger son of the first Oldenburg King Christian I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (1426–81) and of Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430–95)   Soon after the death of his father, the underage Frederick was elected co-Duke of Schleswig and Holstein in 1482, the other co-duke being his elder brother, King John of Denmark  In 1490 at Frederick's majority, both duchies were divided between the brothers In 1500, he had convinced his brother King John to conquer Dithmarschen  A great army was called from not only the duchies, but with additions from all of the Kalmar Union for which his brother briefly was king  In addition, numerous German mercenaries took part  The expedition failed miserably, however, in the Battle of Hemmingstedt, where one-third of all knights of Schleswig and Holstein lost their lives 

Reign
When his brother, King John died, a group of Jutish nobles had offered Frederick the throne as early as 1513, but he had declined, rightly believing that the majority of the Danish nobility would be loyal to his nephew Christian II  In 1523, Christian was forced by disloyal nobles to abdicate as king of Denmark and Norway, and Frederick took the throne of Denmark in 1523 and was elected king of Norway in 1524  It is not certain that Frederick ever learned to speak Danish  After becoming king, he continued spending most of his time at Gottorp, a castle and estate in the city of Schleswig In 1524 and 1525, Frederick had to suppress revolts among the peasants in Agder, Jutland and Scania who demanded the restoration of Christian II  The high point of the rebellion came in 1525 when Søren Norby, the governor (statholder) of Gotland, invaded Blekinge in an attempt to restore Christian II to power  He raised 8000 men who besieged Kärnan (Helsingborgs slott), a castle in Helsingborg   Frederick's general, Johann Rantzau, moved his army to Scania and defeated the peasants soundly in April and May 1525 
Frederick played a central role in the spread of Lutheran teaching throughout Denmark   In his coronation charter, he was made the solemn protector (værner) of Roman Catholicism in Denmark   In that role, he asserted his right to select bishops for the Roman Catholic dioceses in the country  Christian II had been intolerant of Protestant teaching, but Frederick took a more opportunist approach  For example, he ordered that Lutherans and Roman Catholics share the same churches and encouraged the first publication of the Bible in the  Danish language  In 1526, when Lutheran Reformer Hans Tausen was threatened with arrest and trial for heresy, Frederick appointed him his personal chaplain to give him immunity Starting in 1527, Frederick authorized the closure of Franciscan houses and monasteries in 28 Danish cities  He used the popular anti-establishment feelings that ran against some persons of the Roman Catholic hierarchy and nobility of Denmark as well as keen propaganda to decrease the power of bishops and Roman Catholic nobles During his reign, Frederick was skillful enough to prevent all-out warfare between Protestants and Roman Catholics  In 1532, he succeeded in capturing Christian II who had tried to invade Norway, and to make himself king of the country  Frederick died on 10 April 1533 in Gottorp, at the age of 61, and was buried in Schleswig Cathedral  Upon Frederick's death, tensions between Roman Catholics and Protestants rose to a fever pitch which would result in the Count's Feud (Grevens Fejde) 

Family and children
On 10 April 1502, Frederick married Anna of Brandenburg (1487–1514), the daughter of John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg and Margaret of Thuringia  The couple had two children:

Christian III, King of Denmark and Norway (12 August 1503 – 1 January 1559)
Dorothea of Denmark (1 August 1504 – 11 April 1547), married 1 July 1526 to Albert, Duke of Prussia Frederick's wife Anna died on 5 May 1514, 26 years old  Four years later on 9 October 1518 at Kiel, Frederick married Sophie of Pomerania (20 years old; 1498–1568), a daughter of Bogislaw "the Great", Duke of Pomerania  Sophie and Frederick had six children:

John II of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (28 June 1521 – 2 October 1580)
Elizabeth of Denmark (14 October 1524 – 15 October 1586), married:
on 26 August 1543 to Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 
on 14 February 1556 to Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 
Adolf of Denmark, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (25 January 1526 – 1 October 1586)
Anna of Denmark (1527 – 4 June 1535)
Dorothea of Denmark (1528 – 11 November 1575), married on 27 October 1573 to Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gadebusch 
Frederick of Denmark (13 April 1532 – 27 October 1556), Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim and Bishop of Schleswig 
Passage 4:
Christine of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
Christine of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (14 August 1663 – 3 August 1749) was a German noblewoman of the House of Mecklenburg and by marriage Countess of Stolberg-Gedern 
Born in Güstrow, she was the sixth of eleven children born from the marriage of Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp  From her ten older and younger siblings, eight survived to adulthood: Marie (by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), Magdalene, Sophie (by marriage Duchess of Württemberg-Oels), Charles, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Hedwig (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig), Louise (by marriage Queen of Denmark and Norway), Elisabeth (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg) and Augusta 

Life
In Güstrow on 14 May 1683, Christine married Louis Christian, Count of Stolberg-Gedern (1652–1710) as his second wife  Between 1684 and 1705 she had 23 children in 19 pregnancies (including 4 sets of twins)  From them, only 11 survive to adulthood:
Gustav Adolph, Hereditary Prince of Stolberg-Gedern (born and died Gedern, 17 January 1684) 
A daughter (born and died Gedern, 17 January 1684), twin of Gustav Adolph 
Gustav Ernest, Hereditary Prince of Stolberg-Gedern (Gedern, 10 March 1685 - Gedern, 14 June 1689) 
Fredericka Charlotte (Gedern, 3 April 1686 - Laubach, 10 January 1739), married on 8 December 1709 to Frederick Ernest, Count of Solms-Laubach 
Emilie Auguste (Gedern, 11 May 1687 - Rossla, 30 June 1730), married on 1 October 1709 to Jost Christian, Count of Stolberg-Rossla (her first-cousin) 
Christiana Louise (Gedern, 6 April 1688 - Gedern, 11 August 1691) 
Albertine Antonie (Gedern, 15 April 1689 - Gedern, 16 August 1691) 
Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Stolberg-Gedern (Gedern, 15 April 1689 - Gedern, 6 August 1691), twin of Albertine Antonie 
Gustave Magdalene (Gedern, 6 April 1690 - Gedern, 22 March 1691) 
Christian Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (Gedern, 2 April 1691 - Wernigerode, 25 October 1771) 
Christine Eleonore (Gedern, 12 September 1692 - Büdingen, 30 January 1745), married on 8 August 1708 to Ernest Casimir I, Count of Isenburg-Büdingen in Büdingen 
Frederick Charles, Prince of Stolberg-Gedern (Gedern, 11 October 1693 - Gedern, 28 September 1767) 
Ernestine Wilhelmine (Gedern, 29 January 1695 - Wächtersbach, 7 May 1759), married on 7 December 1725 to Ferdinand Maximilian, Count of Isenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach 
Fredericka Louise (Gedern, 20 January 1696 - Gedern, 24 April 1697) 
Louis Adolph (Gedern, 17 June 1697 - Gedern, 6 January 1698) 
Henry August, Count of Stolberg-Schwarza (Gedern, 17 June 1697 - Schwarza, 14 September 1748), twin of Louis Adolph 
Sophie Christiane (Gedern, 17 August 1698 - Gedern, 14 June 1771), unmarried 
Ferdinande Henriette (Gedern, 2 October 1699 - Schönberg, Odenwald, 31 January 1750), married on 15 December 1719 to George August, Count of Erbach-Schönberg  Through her, Christine was the great-great-great-grandmother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom 
Rudolph Lebrecht (Gedern, 17 September 1701 - Gedern, 6 April 1702) 
Louis Christian (Gedern, 17 September 1701 - Gedern, 22 November 1701), twin of Rudolph Lebrecht 
Auguste Marie (Gedern, 28 November 1702 - Herford, 3 July 1768), a nun in Herford, created Princess in 1742 
Caroline Adolphine (Gedern, 27 April 1704 - Gedern, 10 February 1707) 
Philippina Louise (Gedern, 20 October 1705 - Philippseich, 1 November 1744), married on 2 April 1725 to William Maurice II, Count of Isenburg-Philippseich 
Passage 5:
Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (3 September 1668 – 25 August 1738), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Mecklenburg and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg (during 1692-1731) and Saxe-Merseburg (during 1731-1738) 
Born in Güstrow, she was the tenth of eleven children born from the marriage of Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp  From her ten older and younger siblings, eight survive adulthood: Marie (by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), Magdalene, Sophie (by marriage Duchess of Württemberg-Oels), Christine (by marriage Countess of Stolberg-Gedern), Charles, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Hedwig (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig), Louise (by marriage Queen of Denmark and Norway) and Augusta 

Life
In Güstrow on 29 March 1692, Elisabeth married Prince Henry of Saxe-Merseburg, fourth surviving son of Duke Christian I  Two years later (1694), Henry received the town of Spremberg as his appanage, and took his residence there 
The marriage produced three children, of whom only one survived to adulthood:
Maurice, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Spremberg (Spremberg, 29 October 1694 - Spremberg, 11 April 1695) 
Christiana Fredericka (Spremberg, 17 May 1697 - Spremberg, 21 August 1722) [1]
Gustava Magdalena (Spremberg, 2 October 1699 - Spremberg, 3 October 1699) Elisabeth became Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg in 1731 after her husband inherited the main domains of the family as their last surviving male member  She died in Doberlug in 1738, aged 69, having survived her husband for one month  She was buried in Merseburg Cathedral 
Passage 6:
Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1 January 1570 – 15 August 1649) was a daughter of Duke William "the younger" of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his wife, Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg She married Count Palatine Charles I of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld   They had four children:

George William (1591–1669), Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
Sophia (1593–1676), married Kraft VII of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim (1582–1641)
Frederick (1594–1626), canon at Strasbourg
Christian I (1598–1654), Count Palatine and Duke of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
Passage 7:
Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (24 August 1758 – 29 November 1794) was born a Princess and Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and by marriage Hereditary Princess of Denmark and Norway 

Life
Born in Schwerin, she was the only daughter of Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, second son of Christian Louis II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld  Her only sibling was Frederick, who was about two years older 

Life in Denmark
On 21 October 1774 in Copenhagen, she married Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway, the son of King Frederick V of Denmark and his second wife Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who was the regent in Denmark between 1772 and 1784  She was sixteen years old when she was married 
Sophia Frederica, known as Sofie Frederikke af Mecklenburg-Schwerin in Denmark, was described as jolly, charming and intelligent   She had a hard time in the beginning adapting to her new, stiffer environment, but became quite popular    During the first ten years of her marriage (1774-1784), she gave birth to three daughters, the eldest two were stillborn and the third lived only five months; it was only in 1786 when she had the first of her living children, the future King Christian VIII 
It is said she was disappointed when she met her husband for the first time, but they came to be fond of each other, although they both supposedly took lovers; her husband had a mistress, her companion Caja Hviid, while the father of Sophia Frederica's children was rumored to be her husband's adjutant, Frederik von Blücher  It was said that the harmony of their marriage was based on mutual understanding    The harmonious friendship between the spouses created a fear that Sophia Frederica's influence over her husband would lead to her interfering in politics She died in Sorgenfri Palace 

Issue
Sophia Frederica and Prince Frederick had the following children: 

Stillborn daughter (19 September 1781) 
Stillborn daughter (17 February 1783) 
Princess Juliana Marie (2 May 1784 - 28 October 1784), died in infancy 
Prince Christian Frederick (18 September 1786 - 20 January 1848), future King Christian Frederick of Norway and Christian VIII of Denmark 
Princess Juliane Sophie (18 February 1788 - 9 May 1850), married in 1812 to Prince William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld; they had no issue 
Princess Louise Charlotte (30 October 1789 - 28 March 1864), married in 1810 to Prince William of Hesse-Cassel; they had issue 
Hereditary Prince Ferdinand (22 November 1792 - 29 June 1863), married in 1829 to Princess Caroline of Denmark; they had no issue 

Ancestry
Passage 8:
Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Prussia
Dorothea of Denmark (1 August 1504 – 11 April 1547), was a Duchess of Prussia by marriage to Duke Albert, Duke of Prussia  She was the daughter of King Frederick I of Denmark and Anna of Brandenburg 

Life
After her father's accession to the throne in 1523 a marriage was suggested to the English claimant to the throne, Duke Richard of Suffolk, who was supported by King Francis of France, but without success 
In 1525, she received a proposal from the newly made Duke of Prussia  The marriage was arranged by her father's German chancellor Wolfgang von Utenhof  The wedding was conducted 12 February 1526 and Dorothea arrived with a large entourage in Königsberg in June 
Dorothea had a very good relationship with Albert and this contributed to a good and active contact between Denmark and Prussia which continued during her brother's reign and until her death  
Dorothea and her spouse corresponded with her brother, the king of Denmark, and acted as his political advisors  Dorothea and Albert were present at the coronation of Christian III of Denmark in Copenhagen in 1537; they also acted as foster-parents of her nephew Duke Hans of Denmark in 1536–1542 
The Königsberg Cathedral has a monument of her 

Issue
Anna Sophia (11 June 1527 – 6 February 1591), married John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 
Katharina (b  and d  24 February 1528) 
Frederick Albert (5 December 1529 – 1 January 1530) 
Lucia Dorothea (8 April 1531 – 1 February 1532) 
Lucia (3 February 1537 – May 1539) 
Albert (b  and d  March 1539) 
Passage 9:
Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg
Elisabeth of Denmark (14 October 1524 – 15 October 1586) was Danish princess and a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and later of Mecklenburg-Güstrow through marriage  She was the elder daughter of King Frederick I of Denmark and his second spouse Sophie of Pomerania 

Biography
Elizabeth was raised at the royal Danish court of her half brother and described as an extraordinary beauty  In 1542 she was engaged, and on 26 August 1543 Elizabeth was married to Duke Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (4 July 1509 – 28 January 1550)  This marriage was childless  She returned to Denmark in 1551 and stayed there until her second marriage in 1556 
Secondly, she married on 14 February 1556 Duke Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and had the only daughter Sophie, who married King Frederick II of Denmark in 1572  Her relationship to Ulrich is described as a happy one 
Elizabeth made frequent visits to the Danish royal court, and also to her former sister in law queen dowager Dorothea  After her daughter became Queen of Denmark in 1572, her visits to Denmark became longer  She is described as kind, sensible, religious and practical  She was also active in Mecklenburg-Güstrow: she reconstructed the churches in Güstrow and Doberan and protected hospitals and convents  She died on return from one of her visits to Denmark 

Legacy
Elizabeth's granddaughter Anne of Denmark married King James I of England  Thus every British monarch since has been her direct descendant, the present King Charles III being king of 15 independent nations 

Ancestry
Passage 10:
Hedwig of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
Hedwig of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (Hedwig Eleonore; 12 January 1666 – 9 August 1735), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Mecklenburg and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig 
Born in Güstrow, she was the eighth of eleven children born from the marriage of Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp  From her ten older and younger siblings, eight survive adulthood: Marie (by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), Magdalene, Sophie (by marriage Duchess of Württemberg-Oels), Christine (by marriage Countess of Stolberg-Gedern), Charles, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Louise (by marriage Queen of Denmark and Norway), Elisabeth (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg) and Augusta 

Life
In Güstrow on 1 December 1686, Hedwig married Prince August of Saxe-Merseburg, second surviving son of Duke Christian I  Five years later (1691), August received the town of Zörbig as his appanage, and took his residence there 
They had eight children, of whom only one survived to adulthood:
Christiane Magdalene (Zörbig, 11 March 1687 - Merseburg, 21 March 1689) 
Stillborn daughter (Alt-Stargard, Mecklenburg, 30 December 1689) 
Caroline Auguste (Zörbig, 10 March 1691 - Zörbig, 23 September 1743) 
Hedwig Eleonore (Zörbig, 26 February 1693 - Zörbig, 31 August 1693) 
Gustav Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig (Zörbig, 28 October 1694 - Zörbig, 24 May 1695) 
August, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig (Zörbig, 26 February 1696 - Zörbig, 26 March 1696) 
Stillborn twin sons (1707) Hedwig died in Zörbig aged 69  She was buried in Merseburg Cathedral 

See also
BWV Anh  16
Context 2: Passage 1:
Sula Island
Sula Island is an island located in the Albay province of the Philippines 

See also
List of islands of the Philippines
Passage 2:
Henry Island (Nova Scotia)
Henry Island is an island located in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in the Northumberland Strait of Nova Scotia, Canada, just east of Prince Edward Island and southwest of Port Hood Island 

Geography
Consisting of 150 acres (0 61 km2) of mostly forested tract, the 2½ mile long by 1-mile (1 6 km) wide island has up to 100-foot (30 m) cliffs along the west shore, and beaches of shallow shoals along the east shore   The water along the west shore reaches depths of up to 80 feet (24 m)   There are no year-round residents   Privately owned, the family inhabits the island in the summer 

History
Early nautical charts refer to the island as Iles aux Jestico or Juste-au-Corps, the previous county name of the current-day Inverness County, Nova Scotia   There is some debate over the origin of the current name, Henry   One theory has it that the island was named for Henry Hood, son of Admiral Samuel Hood, commander-in-chief of the Royal Navy of North America in the late 18th century   Others think it may have been named for Prince William Henry, the uncle of Queen Victoria 
The first person known to have settled the island was James Campbell during the 18th century   By this time an area of great maritime activity, a lighthouse existed on the summit as early as 1854   During the period of the Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty which was in effect from 1854 to 1866, fishermen set up temporary camps each summer on Henry Island   Soon after the treaty expired the area was overcome by economic depression   Nearly 30 years later, the original lighthouse was replaced with the currently standing 53-foot (16 m) red and white lighthouse in 1902 under the supervision of foreman Jim MacDonnell of Margaree Harbor, Nova Scotia for a total cost of $3,489   The current lighthouse remains the property of the Canadian Coast Guard  An adjacent house had also been constructed in 1901   This new lighthouse had been a campaign promise of Parliament member Angus MacLennan, M D  The first three lighthouse keepers were relatives and descendants of MacLennan: John MacLennan from 1901, Daniel MacLennan, starting in 1907, and Charles MacLennan, the father of a local shopkeeper, Sadie Murphy   The last known keeper before the lighthouse was automated was Sterling Morrison, who became keeper in 1961 for a very brief period   By 1992, the adjacent house had not been lived in for 40 years and had been vandalized, and a nearby shed destroyed   The island was purchased by William F  Baker, who undertook the restoration of the home back to its original state 

Transportation
Henry Island is accessible for day tours around the periphery and walking tours to the lighthouse via boat through Port Hood Island Views Boat Tours 
Passage 3:
Ingmarsö
Ingmarsö is an island located in the Stockholm archipelago in Sweden 
Passage 4:
Fairbank Island (Michigan)
Fairbank Island is an island located in Chippewa County, Michigan, United States 
Passage 5:
Jeløya
Jeløya is an island located in the municipality of Moss in Østfold County, Norway 

History
Jeløya was actually a peninsula in the Oslofjord, but was divided from the mainland in 1855 by the Moss canal (Mossekanalen)  a 20-meter broad canal that was built through the low isthmus  The Canal Bridge (Kanalbrua) is the link between Jeløya and the mainland at Moss  This was at first a low, sliding bridge, and since 1957 a simple-leaf Bascule bridge, but dating from the early 1990s has been locked and unable to open  Part of the city of Moss lies on the south-eastern part of Jeløya 
At 19 km2, Jeløya is the largest island in the Oslofjord  Geologically, Jeløya is largely made up of a young lava rock-type from the Permian period  Other islands in the Oslofjord formed during that same time period include Revlingen, Eldøya, Missingene and the Søsterøyene  Ringerike sandstone is found in some parts of Jeløya, and fossil cephalaspids have been found  The largest Norwegian moraine from the Ice Age crosses Jeløya, goes to the east of Moss and Rygge and continues through Sweden to Finland Until the 1990s, two of Moss' largest industrial zones were on the southern part of Jeløya - Moss Glassverk  and Moss Verft  Moss Glassverk produced glass containers from 1898 until 1999  Moss Verft was a shipyard formed in 1870 which was active in shipbuilding until 1987 and was historically one of the biggest employers in the municipality  These areas are now turning into costly apartments and post-industrial businesses  Jeløya is today best known for its beaches, its scenery, a swarming harbor with boats, and Refsnes Gods,  a hotel with a renowned cuisine 
Jeløya is the site of a number of country manor houses on farms including Grønli gård and Kubberød gård  Torderød gård is now owned by Moss Municipality which hosts tours during the summer  Grimsrød gård housed Edvard Munch for a number of years  Roed gård has been established as a combined Arts and Cultural Center  Alby gård is the site of one of Norway's most widely known art galleries,  Galleri F 15 

Gallery
Passage 6:
Twin Cairns Island
The Belcher Islands (Inuktitut: ᓴᓪᓚᔪᒐᐃᑦ, Sanikiluaq) are an archipelago in the southeast part of Hudson Bay near the centre of the Nastapoka arc  The Belcher Islands are spread out over almost 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi)  Administratively, they belong to the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada  The hamlet of Sanikiluaq (where the majority of the inhabitants of the Belcher Islands live) is on the north coast of Flaherty Island and is the southernmost in Nunavut  Along with Flaherty Island, the other large islands are Kugong Island, Tukarak Island, and Innetalling Island  Other main islands in the 1,500–island archipelago are Moore Island, Wiegand Island, Split Island, Snape Island and Mavor Island, while island groups include the Sleeper Islands, King George Islands, and Bakers Dozen Islands 

History
The archaeological evidence present on the islands indicates that they were inhabited by the Dorset culture between 500 BCE and 1000 CE  Centuries later, from 1200 to 1500, the Thule people made their presence on the islands The first European to discover the islands was English sea explorer Henry Hudson, the namesake of Hudson Bay, who sighted the island in 1610  The islands are named after Royal Navy Admiral Sir Edward Belcher (1799-1877) 
In the early 19th century, caribou herds which lived on the islands disappeared  In an alternative effort to find warm clothing, the inhabitants of the islands sought the down of the Eider duck, a species of bird which nests on the island Before 1914, English-speaking cartographers knew very little about the Belcher Islands, which they showed on maps as specks, much smaller than their true extent  In that year a map showing them, drawn by George Weetaltuk, came into the hands of Robert Flaherty, and cartographers began to represent them more accurately In 1941, a religious movement led by Charley Ouyerack, Peter Sala, and his sister Mina caused the death by blows or exposure of nine persons, an occurrence that came to be known as the Belcher Island Murders 

Geology
General geology
The geologic units of the Belcher Group, which forms the Belcher Islands, were deposited during the Paleoproterozoic  Combined with other Paleoproterozoic units that occur along the edge of the Superior Craton, the Belcher Group forms part of the Circum-Superior Belt From youngest to oldest, the Belcher Group is composed of:
Loaf Formation (molasse)
Omarolluk Formation (flysch)
Flaherty Formation (flood basalt)
Kipalu Formation (iron formation)
Mukpollo Formation (sandstone)
Rowatt Formation (shallow water carbonate)
Laddie Formation (deep marine red bed)
Costello Formation (carbonate slope deposit)
Mavor Formation (stromatolite reef complex)
Tukarak Formation (shallow water carbonate)
Fairweather Formation (shallow water carbonate)
Eskimo Formation (flood basalt)
Kasegalik Formation (sabkha)The oldest part of the Belcher Group, the Kasegalik Formation, was deposited between 2 0185 and 2 0154 billion years ago
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Nola Fairbanks
Nola Fairbanks (born Nola Jo Modine; December 10, 1924 – February 8, 2021) was an American actress  She was also the aunt of actor Matthew Modine 

Early life
Fairbanks was born Nola Jo Modine in Santa Paula, California, on December 10, 1924, the daughter of Zella Vonola Fairbanks and Alexander Revard Modine  She is the granddaughter of Mormon pioneers Ralph Jacobus Fairbanks (aka R J  "Dad" Fairbanks) and Celestia Adelaide (Johnson) Fairbanks, from Payson, Utah and Death Valley, California  She is a descendant of Jonathan Fairbanks, whose 17th century wood-frame house still stands in Dedham, Massachusetts As a child, she joined the Meglin Kiddies Dance Troupe where Shirley Temple was also a student  While her father, Alexander Revard Modine, worked for the Texaco Oil Company, Nola Jo's mother, Zella Vonola Fairbanks Modine, washed clothes to pay for her singing and dancing lessons during the Great Depression 

Career
Her only movie role was as a "glorified extra" in The Corn Is Green in 1945, starring Bette Davis  Soon after, she joined the Lionel Barrymore production of the musical, Halloween at the Hollywood Bowl, and performed on The Standard Hour in addition to the Hollywood Canteen for servicemen 
Next, she went on tour as a soloist with the Sonja Henie Ice Show, completing two national tours  When the tours ended in New York, she stayed on with the show, named Howdy Mr  Ice at the Center Theatre in Rockefeller Center 
Her Broadway debut was in 1950 in the chorus of Cole Porter's Out of This World
  She soon became an understudy and before long, assumed the lead  Summer stock performances included Miss Liberty with Dick Haymes in the Dallas Theatre as well as Die Fledermaus and finally Bloomer Girl in Toronto, Canada  Next, she joined the Broadway cast of Paint Your Wagon opposite James Barton, when Olga San Juan left the role of Jennifer Rumson  She took the show on tour with Burl Ives in the part of her father, Ben Rumson  
In 1952, she starred in the first musical production at the new Jones Beach Theatre in Long Island, New York  Mike Todd was the producer of this production of the Johann Strauss II operetta Eine Nacht in Venedig starring alongside Enzo Stuarti and Thomas Hayward 
After a winning performance on The Arthur Godfrey Radio Show, she appeared on his television show  Her final Broadway performance came when she was asked to replace Florence Henderson in the lead role in Fanny, co-starring Ezio Pinza 
She revived her career in 1978 with appearances in a short-lived sketch comedy TV series, Madhouse Brigade, produced by her husband  In 1981, he produced an off-Broadway show called Romance Is where Fairbanks performed with an ensemble cast  The show closed after a few performances 

Personal life
Fairbanks married James Larkin in 1954 and had four children  They divorced in 1990  She died on February 8, 2021, at the age of 96, in Greenwich, Connecticut 
Passage 2:
Emel Say
Emel Say (1927 – 17 February 2011) was a Turkish painter  She was the daughter of painter Zehra Say and the aunt of pianist Fazıl Say 

Life
Emel Say was born in 1927  Her grandfather was a politician, who left the Committee of Union and Progress and opened a dance hall  Her mother Zehra Say was the first woman in modern Turkey to be married at an official wedding  Emel's mind was always on music  When she was fifteen, she received singing classes from Professor Carl Ebert, who had established the Ankara Conservatory  At first, Emel Say wanted to be an opera artist, but she changed her mind when she fell in love with a piece of land in Hatay, southern Turkey  She had to put her interest in music on hold when she married  Her husband Fuat Say, unlike the tolerance that Fuat Say had shown her mother Zehra, did not send Emel to school, nor was this really possible in Hatay at the time  Raising her three sons was the only thing she did until she divorced her husband when she was 30 years old 
After her divorce, her interest in music did not come to fruition; her mother got sick, so she had to focus on getting a job and income  She started her work life as the secretary of Fuat Bezmen  She worked for him for around ten years She worked in the United States for about five years When her mother, the famous painter Zehra Say, went into the later stages of Alzheimer's disease, she was no longer able to continue painting  Zehra made her daughter Emel promise to finish her painting Maui Adası (Island of Maui), which she had started to paint from a postcard Emel had brought back from a trip to Hawaii  She did not know how she could paint  At first, she cried but then she tried to paint and from that point on did not stop  She completed her mother's painting and it was displayed at an exhibition at the Çiçek Bar  There she was discovered by the sculptor Gürdal Duyar who at first asked what had happened to Maui Adası, and then when Emel told him that her mother had insisted she finish it, she tried at it  Duyar expressed to her that she was a natural talent and had been a painter within all along  If it was not for this reassuring encounter she may not have gone into painting at all in her life  She started painting after the age of 60 Together with Duyar, who became a close friend of hers and other friends and family, she would often work on paintings and listen to music together late into the night  One of these nights, Duyar made a portrait for one of Fazıl's musician friends starting at midnight and finishing towards the morning as recalled by this friend of Fazıl's Say died in 2011 

Art
She was a student in the studio of the painter Osman Özal  She, together with the other (former) students, would meet on Wednesdays at the İzmir Art and Sculpture Museum, and work in the studio there  They became known as the "Group Wednesday", and held collaborative exhibitions She and Duyar had exhibitions at the CEP Gallery in the time period between 1977 and 1990 In 1995, her work, along with the work of Gürdal Duyar, was exhibited in the grand opening exhibition of the Asmalımescit Art Gallery 

Technique
She made many miniatures  One of the techniques she often used was using two different types of paint in the same painting, acrylic and gouache 

Exhibitions
Emel Say painting exhibition, Underground Art Gallery (till 20 May 1992)
Asmalımescit Art Gallery grand opening exhibition (1995)
Emel Say painting exhibition, Çatı Sanatevi (till 7 May 2000)
Emel Say painting exhibition, Underground Art Gallery (till 21 May 2004)
9th exhibition, Çiçek Bar (till 18 December 2004)
Mixed Exhibition of works by Osman Özals students, Dr  Selahattin Akçiçek Culture and Art Center in Konak, İzmir (till 15 April 2012) but extended?

Friends and Family
She is proud of how her mother, Zehra Say, even after her marriage, went to school and became an art teacher, which was quite an accomplishment at that time  She is also proud of her father Fuat Say for supporting his wife, her mother  Say's uncle's grandson, Fazıl Say, did make a career of his musical talent  When talking about him, she said that he is "A Genius!", "When he was just four years old, his mother had bought a small organ, like a toy    Fazıl started to play the songs on the radio with this organ  How many times could a composer the likes of him come to this Earth!"She became friends with the poet and writer Gülsüm Cengiz around after her time in the United States  He was visiting her and Zehra at their home and they continued in conversation late into the night, and they learned about the 1960 military coup towards the morning after someone was banging on the door and they turned on the radio She was also close friends with Gürdal Duyar, and they had exhibitions together 
Passage 3:
Marcus Annius Libo (consul 161)
Marcus Annius Libo (died 163) was a Roman senator  He was suffect consul in the nundinium of January-April 161 with Quintus Camurius Numisius Junior as his colleague  Libo was the nephew of emperor Antoninus Pius, and cousin to emperor Marcus Aurelius 
Libo came from a Roman family that had settled in Hispania generations before, and had returned to Rome more recently  His father was Marcus Annius Libo, consul in 128, and his mother was a noblewoman whose name has been surmised as Fundania, daughter of Lucius Fundanius Lamia Aelianus, consul in 116  Libo had a sister, Annia Fundania Faustina, wife of Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio, whose second consulship was in 176 

Governor of Syria
The only portion of his cursus honorum we know is the portion immediately after Libo stepped down from his consulate  To support his co-emperor Lucius Verus' campaign against the Parthians, Marcus Aurelius appointed Libo governor of the province of Syria  Anthony Birley notes this was a surprising choice  "As Libo had been consul only the previous year, 161," writes Birley, "he must have been in his early thirties, and as a patrician must have lacked military experience " Syria was an important province, and the men picked to govern it were usually senior men with much military and administrative experience  Birley answers his own question, "It seems that Marcus' intention was to have on the spot a man he could rely "As governor, Libo quarreled with the emperor Lucius, taking the attitude that he would only follow the instructions that Marcus gave him  This angered Lucius, so when Libo suddenly died, rumor claimed that Lucius had Libo poisoned When Libo died, Lucius Verus defied Marcus and married Libo's widow to his Greek freedman called Agaclytus  Accordingly, Marcus Aurelius attended neither the ceremony nor the banquet 
Passage 4:
Marcus Annius Verus (praetor)
Marcus Annius Verus (died 124 AD) was a distinguished Roman politician who lived in the 2nd century, served as a praetor and was the father of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius 

Life
He was the son of Roman senator Marcus Annius Verus and noblewoman Rupilia Faustina  His brother was the consul Marcus Annius Libo and his sister was Faustina the Elder, wife of Antoninus Pius  He married Domitia Lucilla, the heiress of a wealthy family which owned a tile factory  They had two children, Marcus Aurelius (born in 121, and who was also originally named Marcus Annius Verus), and Annia Cornificia Faustina (born in 123)  Annius Verus died young while he held the office of praetor  Both his children were still young  The likeliest year of his death is 124 In his Meditations, Marcus Aurelius, who was only about 3 years old when his father died, says of him: "From what I heard of my father and my memory of him, modesty and manliness "

Nerva–Antonine family tree
Passage 5:
Lucius Neratius Priscus
Lucius Neratius Priscus was a Roman Senator and leading jurist, serving for a time as the head of the Proculeian school  He was suffect consul in the nundinium of May–June 97 as the colleague of Marcus Annius Verus 

Family
The origins of the gens Neratia lie in the Italian town of Saepinum in the heart of Samnium; Priscus' father was the homonymous suffect consul of the year 87  He is known to have a younger brother, Lucius Neratius Marcellus, who was adopted by their uncle Marcus Hirrius Fronto Neratius Pansa who was suffect consul in either 73 or 74 and co-opted into the Patrician class; Marcellus became suffect consul two years before Priscus, and ordinary consul in 129 The existence of a son with the identical name and consul in either 122 or 123, inferred from the existence of the possible governor of Pannonia Inferior, was disproved by a 1976 paper written by G  Camodeca, whose findings were embraced by Ronald Syme 

Career
Most of Priscus' advancement through the cursus honorum has been established  His first known office was as military tribune with Legio XXII Primigenia between c  79 to c  80, in Mogontiacum (modern Mainz)  Next he held the office of quaestor (c  83/84), and upon completion of this traditional Republican magistracy Priscus would be enrolled in the Senate  The two other magistracies followed: plebeian tribune (c  85/86) and praetor (c  88/89); usually a senator would govern either a public or imperial praetorian province before becoming a consul, but none is known for Priscus  After serving as suffect consul, Priscus was admitted to the collegia of the Septemviri epulonum, one of the four most prestigious ancient Roman priesthoods  He was also entrusted with governing, in succession, the imperial provinces of Germania Inferior (98-101), then Pannonia (102-105) The Digest of Justinian records that the emperor Trajan invoked the help of Priscus and Titius Aristo on a point of law   According to the Historia Augusta, there was a rumor that Trajan considered making Priscus his heir to the empire, before finally deciding on Hadrian to succeed him  Despite being a potential rival for the throne, Priscus was one of the legal experts the emperor Hadrian relied on for advice  Sir Ronald Syme looks to have considered Priscus as being another name used by or for Publius Cornelius Tacitus 
Passage 6:
Marcus Annius Flavius Libo
Marcus Annius Flavius Libo was a Roman Senator who lived in the second half of the 2nd century and first half of the 3rd century  He was consul ordinarius in AD 204 with Lucius Fabius Cilo as his senior colleague 
Libo was a Patrician and came from Hispania Baetica  His grandfather was Marcus Annius Libo, who was made suffect consul in 161  His father of the same name was a legatus of Syria and may have been poisoned, possibly by his cousin, Lucius Verus  Libo was related to Lucius Verus through their mutual ancestor, Marcus Annius Verus, who was consul three times, and by marriage to Emperor Antoninus Pius, who married his grandfather's sister 
Passage 7:
Rupilia
The gens Rupilia, occasionally written Rupillia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome   Members of this gens are first mentioned in the latter part of the Republic, and Publius Rupilius obtained the consulship in 132 BC   Few others achieved any prominence, but the name occurs once or twice in the consular fasti under the Empire   The name is frequently confounded with the similar Rutilius 

Praenomina
The main praenomina of the Rupilii were Publius and Lucius, two of the most common names throughout Roman history 

Branches and cognomina
None of the Rupilii bore cognomina under the Republic, but as with other plebeian families most of them had individual surnames in imperial times 

Members
This list includes abbreviated praenomina   For an explanation of this practice, see filiation Publius Rupilius P  f  P  n , a fierce opponent of the Gracchi, became consul in 132 BC, the year after the murder of Tiberius Gracchus, whose followers he persecuted   He brought the First Servile War to a close, then remained in Sicily to reorganize the province, receiving a triumph on his return   He was prosecuted and condemned during the tribunate of Gaius Gracchus in 123, and died soon afterward 
Lucius Rupilius P  f  P  n , brother of Publius Rupilius, the consul, sought the aid of Scipio Aemilianus to obtain the consulship, but was not elected 
Lucius Rupilius, an actor known to the young Cicero 
Aulus Rupilius, a physician employed by Aulus Cluentius Habitus, whose mother, Sassia, bought a slave, Strato, from Rupilius, and had him tortured in the hope of obtaining evidence against her own son   The slave knew nothing of value, and Sassia's scheme came to naught 
Publius Rupilius, a man of equestrian rank, was magister of the publicani of Bithynia 
Gaius Rupilius, an argentarius, or silversmith, named in an inscription 
Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius M  f  M  n  Frugi Bonus, consul suffectus, serving from May to August in AD 88   He was the great-grandfather of Marcus Aurelius   His descent from the Rupilii is unclear 
Rupilia L  f  M  n  Faustina, the grandmother of Marcus Aurelius, married Marcus Annius Verus 
Lucius Rupilius Appianus, one of the septemviri epulones at Brixia in Venetia and Histria 
Decimus Rupilius Severus, legate in Lycia and Pamphylia in AD 151, perhaps the same Severus who was consul suffectus at the end of 155 
Lucius Rupilius Au[   ], legate of Sextius Lateranus, proconsul of Africa in AD 176 
Quintus Rupilius Q  f  Honoratus, of Mactar in Africa, raised to the equestrian order by Severus Alexander 
Rupilius Pisonianus, curator at Mactar and Mididi between 290 and 293 AD 
Rupilius Pisonianus, praefectus vigilum of Rome under Constans Caesar 

See also
List of Roman gentes
Passage 8:
Annia Fundania Faustina
Annia Fundania Faustina (died 192) was a noble Roman woman who lived in the Roman Empire during the 2nd century AD  She was the paternal cousin of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his sister Annia Cornificia Faustina 

Life
Fundania Faustina was the daughter of the Roman consul Marcus Annius Libo and wife Fundania  Her brother was the younger Marcus Annius Libo who served as governor of Syria in 162  Fundania Faustina's maternal grandparents are inferred to be Lucius Fundanius Lamia Aelianus and his unknown wife; however her paternal grandparents are the Roman consul Marcus Annius Verus and Rupilia Faustina  She was born and raised in Rome 
Through her paternal grandmother, she was related to the ruling Nerva–Antonine dynasty of the Roman Empire  Her paternal aunt was Empress Faustina the Elder (wife of Emperor Antoninus Pius and mother of Empress Faustina the Younger) and her paternal uncle was praetor Marcus Annius Verus (father of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, the paternal grandmother of Empress Lucilla and Emperor Commodus) 
Fundania Faustina, married the Roman Politician Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio  She had two children with him who were:

Titus Fundanius Vitrasius Pollio; he was executed in 182 on the orders of Commodus on the charge of conspiracy against the emperor 
Vitrasia FaustinaBefore 180, her husband had died and Fundania Faustina never remarried  During the reign of her unstable paternal cousin Commodus (180-192), she decided to withdraw from public life and chose to live in retirement in Achaea  Before he was assassinated in 192, Commodus ordered Fundania Faustina's death and she was later executed in that year 

Sources
Septimius Severus: the African emperor, by Anthony Richard Birley Edition: 2 – 1999
From Tiberius to the Antonines: a history of the Roman Empire AD 14-192, by Albino Garzetti, 1974
Mutilation and transformation: damnatio memoriae and Roman imperial portraiture By Eric R  Varner 2004
Passage 9:
Marcus Annius Libo
Marcus Annius Libo was a Roman Senator active in the early second century AD 

Life
Libo came from the upper ranks of the Roman aristocracy  He was the son of Marcus Annius Verus, consul III in 126, and Rupilia Faustina  Annius Verus was Spanish of Roman descent  Rupilia was the daughter of Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus and Vitellia (daughter of emperor Vitellius)  Libo is known to have had three siblings, two sisters and one brother  His elder sister was the Empress Faustina the Elder (mother of the Empress Faustina the Younger) and his younger sister (whose name is missing, but surmised to be Annia) was the wife of Gaius Ummidius Quadratus Sertorius Severus, suffect consul in 118  His brother was Marcus Annius Verus, the father of Marcus Aurelius He was consul in 128 as the colleague of Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas  Libo was the paternal uncle of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius 
Beyond his consulship, almost nothing is known of his senatorial career  During the reign of his brother-in-law, Antoninus Pius, he was one of seven witnesses to a Senatus consultum issued to the city of Cyzicus in 138, which sought approval for establishing a corpus juvenum for the education of young men 

Family
Libo married a noblewoman whose name has been surmised as Fundania, daughter of Lucius Fundanius Lamia Aelianus, consul in 116, and wife Rupilia Annia  They are known to have together two children:

Marcus Annius Libo, suffect consul in 161  He is known to have a son, Marcus Annius Flavius Libo 
Annia Fundania Faustina, wife of Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio, consul II in 176

Nerva–Antonine family tree


== Sources ==
Passage 10:
Kawamura Sumiyoshi
Count Kawamura Sumiyoshi (川村 純義, 18 December 1836 – 12 August 1904), was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy  Kawamura's wife Haru was the aunt of Saigō Takamori 

Biography
A native of Satsuma, Kawamura studied navigation at Tokugawa bakufu naval school at Nagasaki, the Nagasaki Naval Training Center  In 1868, he joined his Satsuma clansmen, and fought on the imperial side in the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration as an army general  He was especially noted for his role in the Battle of Aizu-Wakamatsu 
Under the new Meiji government, he became an officer in the fledgling Imperial Japanese Navy, and steadily rose through the ranks  He became first Director of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1870 and taifu (senior vice minister) of Navy in 1872  He was in command of Japanese naval forces during the Taiwan Expedition of 1874 
During the Satsuma Rebellion, he was placed in command of all Imperial troops in September 1877 at the final Battle of Shiroyama near Kumamoto, when Saigō Takamori was killed (or committed seppuku)  This battle, Saigō's last stand against the Meiji government, was the historical basis for the 2003 film The Last Samurai 
In 1878, Kawamura became sangi (councillor) and the second Navy Minister  He remained in that position until 1885 except when he was temporarily replaced by Enomoto Takeaki, and during that period he expanded the influence of people from Satsuma within the navy 
In 1884, he was ennobled with the title of hakushaku (count) under the kazoku peerage system  Later serving as court councillor and Privy Councillor, in 1901 he was given responsibility for the upbringing of the newborn Prince Michi (the future Emperor Hirohito) and his younger brother Prince Chichibu (Yasuhito) In 1904, Kawamura was posthumously appointed to the rank of admiral, setting a precedent for such honors  His cause of death remains unknown, setting a mystery 



ground_truth: Norway

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are Twin Cairns Island and Nova Zembla Island located in the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 2:  The Kasegalik Formation also contains the oldest unambiguous Cyanobacteria microfossils  Much of the  Belcher Group strata were deposited under intertidal to shallow-water conditions, although the Mavor Formation formed a platform margin stromatolite reef complex, and the overlying Costello and Laddie formations represent slope and deep basin deposits, respectively  The Kipalu Formation, deposited approximately 1 88 billion years ago, is notable for being a granular iron formation  The Flaherty Formation basalt that composes much of the Belcher Islands was deposited between 1 87 and 1 854 billion years ago, with the overlying Omarolluk and Loaf formations being deposited from 1 854 billion years ago until sometime after 1 83 billion years ago 

Soapstone
The occurrence of very high-quality soapstone in the Belcher Islands supports a locally significant carving industry  These soapstone occurrences formed when sedimentary rocks of the Belcher Group were intruded by Haig sills and dykes approximately 1 87 billion years ago  Most soapstone is quarried from a site on western Tukarak Island where dolomite of the Costello Formation was intruded by hot magma, with dolomite reacting with quartz and water under intense heat to form talc, calcite, and carbon dioxide:
3CaMg(CO3)2 + 4SiO2 + H2O  → [Heat] Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 + 3CaCO3 + 3CO2
Other minerals within the soapstone are largely calcite, dolomite, talc, and clinochlore, with minor amounts of ilmenite 
Although most soapstone has been sourced from two quarries, the relatively widespread occurrence of Haig intrusions within the Belcher Islands suggests that there may be many more possible sources of high-quality soapstone not yet discovered 

Flora
Several species of willow (Salix) form a large component of the native small shrubbery on the archipelago  These include rock willow (Salix vestita), bog willow (S  pedicellaris), and Labrador willow (S  argyrocarpa), as well as naturally occurring hybrids between S  arctica and S  glauca 
Trees cannot grow on the islands because of a lack of adequate soil 

Fauna
The main wildlife consists of belugas, walrus, caribou, common eiders and snowy owls all of which can be seen on the island year round  There is also a wide variety of fish that can be caught such as Arctic char, cod, capelin, lump fish, and sculpin  The historical relationship between the Sanikiluaq community and the eider is the subject of a feature-length Canadian documentary film called People of a Feather  The director, cinematographer and biologist Joel Heath, spent seven years on the project, writing biological articles on the eider In 1998, the Belcher Island caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) herd numbered 800 
Passage 7:
Wadmalaw Island
Wadmalaw Island is an island located in Charleston County, South Carolina, United States  It is one of the Sea Islands, a chain of tidal and barrier islands on the Atlantic Ocean 

Geography
Wadmalaw Island is located generally to the southwest of Johns Island and more than halfway encircled by it   To the north it is bordered by Church Creek; to the northeast and east by Bohicket Creek; to the south by the North Edisto River; and to the west by the Bohicket Creek   The island's only connection to the mainland is via a bridge over Church Creek   The island is about 10 miles long by 6 miles wide  It has a land area of 108 502 km² (41 893 sq mi)  The 2000 census reported a population of 2,611 persons 

History
Wadmalaw Island was landed upon by Captain Robert Sandford and the crew of the Berkeley Bay in mid-June 1666 after an excursion up the Bohicket Creek  It is believed that Sandford landed where Rockville, South Carolina now sits  On June 23, 1666, Captain and crew carried out the ritual of turf and twig, claiming the land for England and the Lords Proprietors In 1670, 148 colonists arrived and settled on the west bank of the Ashley (Kiawah) River   They survived the first four years of poor crop production through the generosity of natives who shared beans and corn   They later moved to what is now Charleston In 1890, planters organized the first sailing regatta at Rockville, less than a mile from the tea garden  The 120th Rockville Regatta was held in August, 2010 
In more recent times, The Lipton Tea Company operated an experimental tea farm on Wadmalaw Island from 1960 until 1987, when it was sold to Mack Fleming and Bill Hall  These gentlemen converted the experimental farm into a working tea Garden  The Charleston Tea Garden utilized a converted cotton picker and tobacco harvester to mechanically harvest the tea  The Charleston Tea Garden sold tea mail order known as American Classic Tea and also produced Sam's Choice Instant Tea, sold through Sam's Clubs  American Classic Tea has been the official tea of the White House since 1987  In 2003, Bigelow Tea Company purchased the Charleston Tea Garden and temporarily closed the garden in order to renovate it   The garden reopened in January 2006  Tours are now offered of this last remaining working Tea Farm in America  Wadmalaw now produces Firefly, a sweet tea flavored vodka 

See also
Charleston Tea Garden
Passage 8:
Round Island (Nunavut)
Round Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada  It is located across the mouth of Coutts Inlet in Baffin Bay off the northeastern coast of Baffin Island  Nova Zembla Island is 7 4 km (4 6 mi) to the northwest Another, smaller Nunavut Round Island is located in Cross Bay, at the land end of Chesterfield Inlet 
Passage 9:
Nova Zembla Island
Nova Zembla Island ("New Land") is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada  It is located across the mouth of Coutts Inlet in Baffin Bay off the northeastern coast of Baffin Island  Round Island is 7 4 km (4 6 mi) to the southeast The island was visited in 1875 by a Swedish expedition led by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld and sponsored by the businessman Oscar Dickson 
Passage 10:
Runmarö
Runmarö is an island located in the Stockholm archipelago in Sweden  The island is known for its many species of orchids (at least 27 different kinds) and 9 marshy lakes 

Notable residents
Author and entomologist Fredrik Sjöberg lives on the island with his family  The island is frequently referenced in his 2014 novel The Fly Trap 



ground_truth: yes

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is Marcus Annius Libo's aunt?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: 
The following day, the men leave the wood in early morning and capture a German armored tow truck after killing its two drivers  They originally planned to abandon the truck and the two dead Germans in the woods, but instead realized that the truck is the best way to disguise themselves and free the 7th Company  They put on the Germans' uniforms, recover another soldier of the 7th Company, who succeeded in escaping, and obtain resources from a collaborator who mistook them for Germans 
On their way, they encounter a National Gendarmerie patrol, who appear to be a 5th column  The patrol injures the newest member of their group, a young soldier, and then are killed by Tassin  In revenge, they destroy a German tank using the tow truck's cannon gun 
They planned to go to Paris but are misguided by their own colonel, but find the 7th Company with guards who are bringing them to Germany  Using their cover, they make the guards run in front of the truck, allowing the company to get away  When Captain Dumont joins his Chaudard, Tassin, and Pithiviers in the truck, who salute the German commander with a great smile 

Casting
Jean Lefebvre : PFC Pithiviers
Pierre Mondy : Staff Sergent Paul Chaudard
Aldo Maccione: PFC Tassin
Robert Lamoureux: Colonel Blanchet
Erik Colin: Lieutenant Duvauchel
Pierre Tornade: Captain Dumont
Alain Doutey: Carlier
Robert Dalban : The peasant
Jacques Marin: The collaborationist
Robert Rollis: A French soldier

Production
The film's success spawned two sequels:– 1975 : On a retrouvé la septième compagnie (The Seventh Company Has Been Found) by Robert Lamoureux;
– 1977 : La Septième Compagnie au clair de lune (The Seventh Company Outdoors)) by Robert Lamoureux The story is set in Machecoul woods, but it was actually filmed near Cerny and La Ferté-Alais, as well as Jouars-Pontchartrain and Rochefort-en-Yvelines  The famous grocery scene was filmed in Bazoches-Sur-Guyonne 
Robert Lamoureux based this film on his own personal experiences in June 1940 during the war 
The final scene with the parachute is based on a true story  The 58 Free French paratroopers were parachuted into Brittany in groups of three, on the night of 7 June 1944 to neutralize the rail network of Normandy Landings in Brittany, two days before 

Box office
The movie received a great success in France reaching the third best selling movie in 1974 

Notes
External links
Mais où est donc passée la septième compagnie? at IMDb
Passage 6:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 7:
Jared Gold
Jared Gold (born 2 May 1972) is a fashion designer of avant-garde American Gothic fashion 

Biography
Gold grew up in Idaho Falls, Idaho and was a child piano prodigy long before he discovered fashion design  In 1990 he attended the Piano Conservatory of Hawaii for a year and soon after took up the harpsichord  Gold trained at Los Angeles' Otis Parson's School of Design  Gold is lead designer for his clothing company Black Chandelier  Gold has been creating fashion for men women and children since 1992, and shows his collections at events in Los Angeles as well as New York City  His collections are based in antiquated imagery, and use Victorian sewing details  Gold is the originator of the jewelled Giant Madagascar Hissing cockroach worn as jewelry known as the "Roach Brooch "

Life and career
Jared Gold's Czarina fashion show on March 14, 2008 was well reviewed in The Daily Titan, the student newspaper of Cal State Fullerton, which said Gold made the runway his "playground " In May 2006, he appeared as a guest judge on America's Next Top Model, in an episode that also featured his cockroach jewelry  In March 2009 Gold appeared as a special guest judge on Germany's Next Topmodel, hosted by Heidi Klum  Jared is known for his close friendship with writer Clint Catalyst  Metro Mix, a free nightlife guide in Los Angeles, said Catalyst is Gold's "muse " Catalyst has been hired as an event producer for some of Gold's fashion shows   In November 2009, the duo released their first collaborative design effort: a set of prize ribbons with awards such as "Epic" and "Hedonist ">

Gold appeared on Germany's Next Top Model  hosted by Heidi Klum, along with Jessicka and Catalyst on March 5, 2009 
Passage 8:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 9:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 10:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)



ground_truth: Vibia Sabina