prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the performer of song Feelin' Myself (Nipsey Hussle Song) born?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
O Valencia!
"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife 
The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy  It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers  The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang  At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer 

Track listing
The 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side 

Music videos
For the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage  Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea  The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2  The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location  At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape  Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office"  The letters have all burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song  The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers  Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis)  They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan  Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before they gang up on him  The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca  They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch  After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection  2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe  The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town  Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick 
The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums)  The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives"  The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in Bottle Rocket 
Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists video footage 
Passage 2:
Kristian Leontiou
Kristian Leontiou (born February 1982) is an English singer  Formerly a solo artist, he is the lead singer of indie rock band One eskimO 

Early life
Kristian Leontiou was born in London, England and is of Greek Cypriot descent  He went to Hatch End High School in Harrow and worked several jobs in and around London whilst concentrating on music when he had any free time   In 2003 he signed a major record deal with Polydor  At the time, Leontiou was dubbed "the new Dido" by some media outlets  His debut single "Story of My Life" was released in June 2004 and reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart  His second single "Shining" peaked at #13 whilst the album Some Day Soon was certified gold selling in excess of 150,000 copies 
Leontiou toured the album in November 2004 taking him to the US to work with L A Reid, Chairman of the Island Def Jam music group   Unhappy with the direction his career was going, on a flight back from the US in 2004 he decided to take his music in a new direction   Splitting from his label in late 2005, he went on to collaborate with Faithless on the song "Hope & Glory" for their album ‘'To All New Arrivals'’   It was this release that saw him unleash the One eskimO moniker   It was through working with Rollo Armstrong on the Faithless album, that Rollo got to hear an early demo of "Astronauts" from the One eskimO project  Being more than impressed by what he heard, Rollo opened both his arms and studio doors to Leontiou and they began to co-produce the ‘'All Balloons’' album 
It was at this time that he paired up with good friend Adam Falkner, a drummer/musician, to introduce a live acoustic sound to the album  They recorded the album with engineer Phill Brown (engineer for Bob Marley and Robert Plant) at Ark studios in St John's Wood where they recorded live then headed back to Rollo's studio to add the cinematic electro touches that are prominent on the album 
Shortly after its completion, One eskimO's "Hometime" was used on a Toyota Prius advert in the USA  The funds from the advert were then used to develop the visual aspect of One eskimO  He teamed up with friend Nathan Erasmus (Gravy Media Productions) along with animation team Smuggling Peanuts (Matt Latchford and Lucy Sullivan) who together began to develop the One eskimO world, the first animation produced was for the track ‘Hometime’ which went on to win a British animation award in 2008 
In 2008 Leontiou started a new management venture with ATC Music  By mid-2008 Time Warner came on board to develop all 10 One eskimO animations which were produced the highly regarded Passion Pictures in London   Now with all animation complete and a debut album, One eskimO prepare to unveil themselves fully to the world in summer 2009 
Leontiou released a cover version of Tracy Chapman's "Fast Car", which was originally released as a single in 2005  Leontiou's version was unable to chart, however, due to there being no simultaneous physical release alongside the download single, a UK chart rule that was in place at the time  On 24 April 2011, the song entered the singles chart at number 88 due to Britain's Got Talent contestant Michael Collings covering the track on the show on 16 April 2011 

Discography
Albums
Singles
Notes
A  - Originally released as a single in April 2005, Leontiou's version of "Fast Car" did not chart until 2011 in the UK 

Also featured on
Now That's What I Call Music! 58 (Story of My Life)
Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! OST, Love Love Songs - The Ultimate Love Collection (Shining)
Summerland OST (The Crying)
Passage 3:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb
Passage 4:
Let's Go (will i am song)
"Let's Go" is a song by will i am that features Chris Brown, which was part of the former's fourth studio album #willpower before being removed in November 2013  The reason for the song's removal was due to the unlicensed sampling of "Rebound" by Arty and Mat Zo  It was replaced with "Feelin' Myself" on the re-release 

Sampling controversy
The song heavily samples "Rebound" by Arty and Mat Zo  Arty made the claim via Twitter in April 2013 that Interscope Records had not asked for permission from Anjunabeats before will i am sampled "Rebound"  Chris Brown stated in a tweet that he didn't know of the track's original source and claimed that he performed it due to a feature request  A statement was released by Anjunabeats that even though credit was given to Arty in the sleeve notes, doing so is not an appropriate way to obtain permission of clearing a sample, which was done following on from Arty's Twitter claim  Anjunabeats issued this statement in response to when will i am was quoted as telling the Associated Press in self-defence:

"You can't steal if you credited somebody  He and I communicated      It's not my fault he didn't tell me about the other guy  So who is to blame? I didn't know "
In a later interview for KIIS-FM, will i am went on to admit that he accidentally stole "Rebound" with the sample and was confused whether or not he had the right to use it for "Let's Go"  The situation was elaborated on by will i am: "Arty is a dope producer so I wrote this song to 'Rebound' this last year  I got in touch with Arty and showed it to him, did a different version to it 'cause I asked him [to] make it newer 'cause I don't just wanna take your song and rap over it  But he said that after a year's time, "we preferred writing over and using the [original] rebound  Something happened and the clearance    hopefully we resolved the issue"  The song was removed on the re-release of #willpower on November 26, 2013 and replaced as the fifth track on the album with "Feelin' Myself" after will i am contacted the owners of "Rebound" for negotiation  However, the audio was not deleted from will i am's Vevo account on YouTube In May 2013, Above & Beyond played "Rebound" at the Electric Daisy Carnival to make fun of will i am, and Mat Zo went on to do this too in June 

Charts
Passage 5:
Astrid North
Astrid North (Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973, West Berlin – 25 June 2019, Berlin) was a German soul singer and songwriter  She was the singer of the German band Cultured Pearls, with whom she released five Albums  As guest singer of the band Soulounge she published three albums 

Career
North had her first experiences as a singer with her student band Colorful Dimension in Berlin  In March 1992 she met B  La (Bela Braukmann) and Tex Super (Peter Hinderthür) who then studied at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg and who were looking for a singer for their band Cultured Pearls  The trio entered the German charts with four singles and four albums 

In 1994 North sang for the dance-pop band Big Light on their hit single Trouble Is  In 1996 she was a guest on the side project Little Red Riding Hood by Fury in the Slaughterhouse brothers Kai and Thorsten Wingenfelder which resulted in the release of the single Life's Too Short from the eponymous album The song Sleepy Eyes, texted and sung by North, appears in the soundtrack of the movie Tor zum Himmel (2003) by director Veit Helmer  In 2003 she appeared at the festival Das Fest in Karlsruhe and sang alongside her own songs a cover version of the Aerosmith hit Walk This Way together with the German singer Sasha  North also toured with the American singer Gabriel Gordon After the end of her band Cultured Pearls in 2003 North moved 2004 to New York City to write new songs, work with a number of different musicians and to experiment with her music In 2005 she joined the charity project Home, which produced an album for the benefit of the orphans from the Beluga School for Life in Thailand which have been affected by the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 and the subsequent tsunami  Beside the orphans themselves also the following artists have been involved, guitarist Henning Rümenapp (Guano Apes), Kai Wingenfelder (Fury in the Slaughterhouse), Maya Saban and others  With Bobby Hebb Astrid North recorded a new version of his classic hit Sunny  It was the first time Hebb sung this song as duett and it appeared on his last album That's All I Wanna Know 
North sang in 2006 My Ride, Spring Is Near and No One Can Tell on the album The Ride by Basic Jazz Lounge, a project by jazz trumpeter Joo Kraus  In addition, she worked as a workshop lecturer of the Popkurs at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg 
In spring 2010 North performed as the opening act of the Fakebling-Tour of Miss Platnum  The magazine Der Spiegel described her as one of the "leading ladies of the local soul scene"  On 20 July 2012 her solo debut album North was released 
On 16 September 2016 Astrid North released her second solo album, Precious Ruby, dedicated to her grandmother Precious Ruby North  North used crowdfunding to finance the album  The first single published from this album was the song Miss Lucy  In 2016 she also started her concert series North-Lichter in Berlin's Bar jeder Vernunft to which she invited singers such as Katharina Franck, Elke Brauweiler, Lizzy Scharnofske, Mia Diekow, Lisa Bassenge or Iris Romen 

Life
Astrid North was born in West Berlin, West Germany to Sondria North and Wolf-Dieter Radmann  She commuted between her birth city and her family in Houston, Texas until she was nine years old  In the USA she lived mainly with her grandparents and her time there significantly shaped her musical development Besides her music career Astrid North worked also as lecturer in Hamburg at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater and as yoga teacher  North was the mother of two children, her daughter was born in 2001 and her son in 2006  Her sister Ondria North works as make-up artist and hair stylist in the German film industry 
She died in June 2019 at the age of 45 years from pancreatic cancer 

Discography
with Cultured PearlsAlbums

1996: Sing Dela Sing (German chart position 92, 3 weeks)
1997: Space Age Honeymoon (German chart position 54, 6 weeks)
1999: Liquefied Days (German chart position 19, 9 weeks)
2002: Life on a Tuesday (German chart position 74, 1 week)Singles

1996: Tic Toc (1996) (German chart position 65, 10 weeks)
1997: Sugar Sugar Honey (German chart position 72, 9 weeks)
1998: Silverball (German chart position 99, 2 weeks)
1999: Kissing the Sheets (German chart position 87, 9 weeks)with Soulounge

2003: The Essence of the Live Event – Volume One
2004: Home
2006: Say It AllSolo

2005: Sunny (Single, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2012: North (Album, 20  Juli 2012)
2013: North Live (Album, live recordings from different venues in Germany)
2016: Sunny (Compilation, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2016: Precious Ruby (Album, 16  September 2016)as guest singer

1994: Trouble Is – Big Light (Single)
1996: Life's Too Short – Little Red Riding Hood (Single)
2006: Basic Jazz Lounge: The Ride – Joo Kraus (Album)
Passage 6:
Feelin' Myself (Nipsey Hussle song)
"Feelin' Myself" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Nipsey Hussle, released July 9, 2010, as the lead single from his canceled debut studio album under Epic Records, South Central State of Mind  The song, produced by 1500 of Nothin', features American singer-songwriter Lloyd, with whom he previously collaborated on "Gotta Take It" earlier in 2009  The song then peaked at number 93 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart  The song was later included on Hussle's compilation album The Leaks, Vol  1 

Background
Following inking a publishing deal with BMI in April 2010, Nipsey Hussle revealed the first official single from his debut studio album, South Central State of Mind featuring singer Lloyd soon  On June 10, 2010, the audio for "Feelin' Myself" was released  The songs production handled by Los Angeles-based production team 1500 or Nothin'  On July 9, 2010, the song was released for digital download by Epic Records  This version featured a new verse sung by Lloyd 

Music and lyrics
In the song Nipsey Hussle features his usual hefty street-oriented verses  They detail self-love, flaunting his cash, his looks, and his skills with the ladies  The song is topped off with a guest hook and verse by singer Lloyd and a smooth bridge by an uncredited female vocalist  He explained how the Lloyd collaboration came about saying, "When I got signed they asked me who I would like to work with, I said Lloyd and so we got on the phone in 2009 and we spoke  We did a record for my Bullets Ain't Got No Names Vol: 3 mixtape and from then on me and Lloyd have been cool  When I heard this record I was like, "This is big, I need a star that;s got the vocals, swag, and the fans to complement the record, so I thought Lloyd fitted it perfectly and he's my home boy, so it all came out cool "

Music video
On July 19, 2010, Nipsey Hussle filmed the music video in Los Angeles, California with Lloyd  On July 26, 2010, Rap-Up released a behind the scenes video of the music video  The Marc Klasfeld-directed music video was finally premiered on August 30, 2010  The video received over 800,000 views in less than two weeks on YouTube, and was put into rotation on BET 

Chart positions
Passage 7:
Caspar Babypants
Caspar Babypants is the stage name of children's music artist Chris Ballew, who is also the vocalist and bassist of The Presidents of the United States of America 

History
Ballew's first brush with children's music came in 2002, when he recorded and donated an album of traditional children's songs to the nonprofit Program for Early Parent Support titled "PEPS Sing A Long!" Although that was a positive experience for him, he did not consider making music for families until he met his wife, collage artist Kate Endle  Her art inspired Ballew to consider making music that "sounded like her art looked" as he has said  Ballew began writing original songs and digging up nursery rhymes and folk songs in the public domain to interpret and make his own  The first album, Here I Am!, was recorded during the summer of 2008 and released in February 2009 
Ballew began to perform solo as Caspar Babypants in the Seattle area in January 2009  Fred Northup, a Seattle-based comedy improvisor, heard the album and offered to play as his live percussionist   Northrup also suggested his frequent collaborator Ron Hippe as a keyboard player  "Frederick Babyshirt" and "Ronald Babyshoes" were the Caspar Babypants live band from May 2009 to April 2012  Both Northup and Hippe appear on some of his recordings but since April 2012 Caspar Babypants has exclusively performed solo  The reasons for the change were to include more improvisation in the show and to reduce the sound levels so that very young children and newborns could continue to attend without being overstimulated  
Ballew has made two albums of Beatles covers as Caspar Babypants  Baby Beatles! came out in September 2013 and Beatles Baby! came out in September 2015 
Ballew runs the Aurora Elephant Music record label, books shows, produces, records, and masters the albums himself  Distribution for the albums is handled by Burnside Distribution in Portland, Oregon 
Caspar Babypants has released a total of 17 albums  The 17th album, BUG OUT!, was released on May 1, 2020  His album FLYING HIGH! was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Children's Album  All 17 of the albums feature cover art by Ballew's wife, Kate Endle 
"FUN FAVORITES!" and "HAPPY HITS!" are two vinyl-only collections of hit songs that Caspar Babypants has released in the last couple of years 

Discography
AlbumsPEPS (2002)
Here I Am! (Released 03/17/09) Special guests: Jen Wood, Fysah Thomas
More Please! (Released 12/15/09) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe
This Is Fun! (Released 11/02/10)  Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Krist Novoselic, Charlie Hope
Sing Along! (Released 08/16/11) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Stone Gossard, Frances England, Rachel Loshak
Hot Dog! (Released 04/17/12) Special guests: Fred Northup, Ron Hippe, Rachel Flotard (Visqueen)
I Found You! (Released 12/18/12) Special guests: Steve Turner (Mudhoney), Rachel Flotard (Visqueen), John Richards
Baby Beatles! (Released 09/15/13)
Rise And Shine! (Released 09/16/14)
Night Night! (Released 03/17/15)
Beatles Baby! (Released 09/18/2015)
Away We Go! (Released 08/12/2016)
Winter Party! (Released 11/18/16)
Jump For Joy! (Released 08/18/17)
Sleep Tight! (Released 01/19/18)
Keep It Real! (Released 08/17/18)
Best Beatles! (Released 03/29/19)
Flying High! (Released 08/16/19)
Bug Out! (released 05/1/20)
Happy Heart! (Released 11/13/20)
Easy Breezy! (Released 11/05/21)AppearancesMany Hands: Family Music for Haiti CD (released 2010) – Compilation of various artists
Songs Stories And Friends: Let's Go Play – Charlie Hope (released 2011) – vocals on Alouette
Shake It Up, Shake It Off (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Keep Hoping Machine Running – Songs Of Woody Guthrie (released 2012) – Compilation of various artists
Apple Apple – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2013) – vocals on Monkey Love
Simpatico – Rennee and Friends (released 2015) – writer and vocals on I Am Not Afraid
Sundrops – The Harmonica Pocket (released 2015) – vocals on Digga Dog Kid
Passage 8:
Panda (Astro song)
Astro is the first album of long duration (after the EP Le disc of Astrou) of Chilean indie band Astro, released in 2011  The first single from the album was "Ciervos" and followed "Colombo", "Panda" and "Manglares" 
This album was chosen by National Public Radio among the 50 discs of 2012 

Track listing
All tracks written by Andrés Nusser, except where noted 

Ciervos (Deer)
Coco (Coconut)
Colombo
Druida de las nubes (Druid of the clouds)
Panda
Miu-Miu
Manglares (Mangroves)
Mira, está nevando en las pirámides (Look, it's snowing in the pyramids)
Volteretas (Tumbles)
Pepa
Nueces de Bangladesh (Nuts of Bangladesh)
Miu-Miu reaparece (Miu-Miu reappears)

Personnel
Astro

Andrés Nusser – vocals, guitar
Octavio Caviares – drums
Lego Moustache – keyboards, percussion
Zeta Moustache – keyboards, bassProduction

Andrés Nusser – producer, recording and mixing
Chalo González – mixing and mastering
Cristóbal Carvajal – recording
Ignacio Soto – recording
Passage 9:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 10:
Nipsey Hussle
Ermias Joseph Asghedom (August 15, 1985 – March 31, 2019; born Airmiess Joseph Asghedom), known professionally as Nipsey Hussle (often stylized as Nipsey Hu$$le), was an American rapper, entrepreneur, and activist  Emerging from the West Coast hip hop scene in the mid-2000s, Hussle independently released his debut mixtape, Slauson Boy Volume 1, to moderate local success, which led to him being signed to Cinematic Music Group and Epic Records 
Hussle became known for his numerous mixtapes, including his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series, The Marathon, The Marathon Continues, and Crenshaw, the last of which American rapper Jay-Z bought 100 copies for $100 each  After much delay, his debut studio album Victory Lap was released in 2018 to critical acclaim and commercial success, and was nominated for the Best Rap Album at the 61st Grammy Awards in 2019  At the 62nd Grammy Awards in 2020, two posthumous Grammy Awards for the songs "Racks in the Middle" and "Higher" were awarded to Hussle in the Best Rap Performance and Best Rap/Sung Performance categories respectively Outside of music, Hussle inaugurated the Marathon Clothing store, which he founded along with partners Carless, the head of the agency, Karen Civil, and his brother Samiel Asghedom in 2017, and started a co-working environment which he named "Vector 90"  On March 31, 2019, Hussle was fatally shot outside his store in South Central Los Angeles  Eric Holder, a 29-year-old man who confronted Hussle earlier that day, was arrested and charged with murder two days later  Holder was found guilty of first-degree murder on July 6, 2022  On February 22, 2023, Holder was sentenced to 60 years to life in prison 

Early life
Airmiess Joseph Asghedom was born on August 15, 1985, and raised in the Crenshaw District of South Central Los Angeles by his mother Angelique Smith (née Boutte), an African-American woman, and Dawit Asghedom, an Eritrean war refugee who came to the United States after fleeing a then ongoing Eritrean War of Independence  He was raised with his brother Samiel a/k/a Blacc Sam and his sister Samantha  Asghedom attended Alexander Hamilton High School in the nearby Castle Heights neighborhood, and dropped out before graduating At age 14, Asghedom left home and joined the local Rollin 60's Neighborhood Crips, a sub-group of the larger Crips gang primarily based in his home neighborhood of Crenshaw  In 2002, at the age of 17, Hussle would join Buttervision, a creative multimedia Digital Guerrilla movement led by Dexter Browne where he would be part of the BV Boys Sampler, Beats & Babes Vol  1 DVD, and Shades of Butter Vol  1 DVD  He would also get his name "Nipsey Hussle" there and complete the recording for his debut mixtape  Slauson Boy Volume 1 His stage name, a play on the name of comedian and game show panelist Nipsey Russell, originated as a nickname given to Asghedom by a childhood acquaintance who respected his work ethic  In 2004, when Asghedom was 19, his father took him and his brother Samiel on a three-month trip to Eritrea  Asghedom credited the trip with inspiring him to become a community activist with an "entrepreneurial spirit" 

Music career
2008–2010: Bullets Ain't Got No Name series
In December 2005, Hussle independently released his first mixtape, Slauson Boy Volume 1, to moderate local success  His debut project helped to build a small regional fanbase on the west coast, and eventually led to Hussle being signed to Cinematic Music Group and Epic Records  In 2008, Hussle released the first two installments in his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series of mixtapes, which helped to bring Hussle's music to a larger audience 
Nipsey's profile continued to grow into 2009 when he collaborated with Drake on the song "Killer", and also appeared, along with Snoop Dogg and Problem, on the song "Upside Down", from Snoop Dogg's 2009 album Malice n Wonderland  He released the third installment in Bullets Ain't Got No Name, as well as his commercial debut single, "Hussle in the House"  Despite the song, which samples Kris Kross' 1992 single Jump, being well received by critics, it failed to make any impact on the charts After Epic experienced financial issues in 2010, Nipsey opted not to renew his contract and left the label  Not long after going independent, Hussle appeared on the song "We Are the World 25 for Haiti", and was featured by XXL Magazine as one of its "Annual Freshman Top Ten", a selection of ten up-and-coming hip-hop artists to watch  XXL labeled him "Most Determined" of his class, and LA Weekly called him the "next big L A  MC" Hussle was expected to release his debut album, South Central State of Mind, in October 2010  Prior to release, the album was supported by the single "Feelin' Myself" featuring Lloyd  While the production was set to be handled from J R  Rotem, Scott Storch, Mr  Lee, Play-N-Skillz, Terrace Martin, and 1500 or Nothin', the album was set to be featured with the guest appearances from Trey Songz, Jay Rock, and Sean Kingston  Concurrently, he announced that he planned on releasing a mixtape with fellow rapper Jay Rock, titled Red and Blue Make Green  Following the release of a music video for "Feelin' Myself", the album was set for a December 21, 2010 release; however, both of these projects were eventually postponed indefinitely 

2010–2013: Leaving Epic Records and The Marathon series
After leaving Epic, Nipsey founded his own record label, All Money In Records On December 21, 2010, he released his first All Money In Records mixtape, titled The Marathon, which featured guest appearances from Kokane and MGMT  On November 1, 2011, Hussle released a sequel titled The Marathon Continues, which featured L A  rappers YG and Dom Kennedy  On April 17, 2012, Hussle released a collaborative album with fellow rapper Blanco, Raw  The album featured guest appearances from YG, Mistah FAB, Yukmouth, B-Legit, Kokane and Freeway In May 2012, Nipsey released a single titled Proud of That, marking his first collaboration with Florida rapper Rick Ross  Nipsey was subsequently featured on Ross' Maybach Music Group's song "Fountain of Youth", which appears on the label's second album Self Made Vol  2  The music video was released on October 1, 2012  Rumours began to circulate that Nipsey would sign with MMG, and in December 2012, Hussle himself hinted at signing, however, he also said that he was still looking for the right label Hussle said that he would be releasing his third and final installment of The Marathon mixtape series with TM3: Victory Lap in 2013, after it was pushed back from its initial December 2012 release date  He also announced that he was planning on releasing a joint mixtape with fellow West Coast rapper and frequent collaborator YG  Hussle performed at the 2013 Paid Dues festival on March 30, 2013, in California  After deciding against signing to a major label, due to a lack of creative freedom, he choose to make Victory Lap his debut album 

2013–2019: Crenshaw and Victory Lap
Beginning in 2013, he released various songs from his upcoming mixtape Crenshaw, including the 9th Wonder produced track "Face the World", and a Futuristics and 1500 or Nothin'–produced track "Blessings"  On August 6, 2013, Hussle announced that Victory Lap would be released as an album, rather than a mixtape  Prior to the release of Victory Lap, Hussle announced on September 16, 2013, that he would be releasing a new mixtape, Crenshaw (hosted by DJ Drama), on October 8, 2013 On September 24, 2013, he revealed the track list for Crenshaw, which contained guest appearances from Rick Ross, Dom Kennedy, Slim Thug, James Fauntleroy II, Z-Ro, Skeme, and Sade, among others  The production on the mixtape was handled by the Futuristics, 1500 or Nothin', 9th Wonder, Mike Free, Ralo and Jiggy Hendrix, among others  He also released the Crenshaw documentary that day in promotion of the mixtape  On October 3, 2013, he released another trailer for the mixtape, and attracted attention when he revealed 1,000 hard copies of the mixtape would be sold for $100 each  Jay-Z personally bought 100 copies  He reportedly sold out all 1,000 copies in less than 24 hours, effectively making $100,000 Upon the release of Crenshaw, Hussle said that Victory Lap would be released in 2014  On November 20, 2013, Hussle confirmed that Victory Lap would feature production from Ralo, 1500 or Nothin', the Futuristiks and DJ Mustard  He later confirmed more producers, including Don Cannon and DJ Khalil on the album  After the year went by with no new releases, Hussle released a new mixtape, Mailbox Money on New Year's Eve 2014, again releasing 1000 hard copies for $100 each Hussle made a number of guest appearances throughout 2015 and 2016, working with Jadakiss, Trae Tha Truth, and YG  In 2016, he released another mixtape, titled Famous Lies and Unpopular Truth  He commented on the 2016 US presidential election by releasing the single "FDT" ("Fuck Donald Trump") with YG; the song was written about Hussle's positive experiences with Mexican immigrants in the United States, whom Trump had criticized After numerous delays, Hussle's debut studio album, Victory Lap, was released on February 16, 2018, debuting at number 4 on the Billboard 200, selling 53,000 album equivalent units in its first week  The album was met with universal acclaim from critics, and numerous songs entered the Billboard Hot 100, including "Double Up", "Last Time That I Checc'd" and "Dedication", marking Hussle's debut on the chart as a lead artist Victory Lap was nominated for a Best Rap Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019, but lost to Cardi B's Invasion of Privacy  Over 1 year after its release, the album reached a new peak of number 2 on the Billboard 200 in April 2019 after Hussle's murder on March 31  His single "Racks in the Middle" featuring Roddy Ricch and Hit-Boy debuted at number 44 on the Hot 100, following his death  The song later peaked at number 26 

Business ventures
Hussle's nickname came from his entrepreneurial spirit  He shined shoes for $2 50 to pay for school clothes at age 11 with a goal of a hundred shoes a day  Hussle sold his mixtapes out of a car trunk at a neighborhood strip mall at the intersection of Slauson Avenue and Crenshaw Boulevard  After leaving Epic Records, he founded his own record label  Hussle experimented with unorthodox sales strategies by selling expensive copies of certain mixtapes even while the songs were distributed for free Hussle's Marathon branding inspired Steve Carless in 2013 when he founded Marathon Agency with business partners Karen Civil and Jorge Peniche  They designed the talent-based brand to attract a diverse set of clients in all stages of their careers  In October 2016, Carless, the head of the agency, told Billboard that Hussle had invested "like over six figures" in the Marathon Agency and described him as "kind of like our silent partner" Hussle opened the Marathon Clothing store on June 17, 2017, which he founded along with partners Carless, Civil, and his brother Samiel Asghedom  Opening the store at this intersection in the Crenshaw commercial district was important to him because he wanted to invest and provide opportunities in his neighborhood of Hyde Park  The store is billed as a "smart store", which bridges the gap between culture and technology by giving customers access to exclusive music and other content created by rappers through an app created by software engineer Iddris Sandu  The year before his death, Hussle bought the small shopping center where his store was located, after partnering with the real estate investor David Gross 

All Money In
Hussle created the record label All Money In after leaving Epic Records  He released his first major project, The Marathon, through the new label on December 21, 2010  He released subsequent projects under his label, including The Marathon Continues (2011), Crenshaw (2013), and Mailbox Money (2014)  He also signed other artists, including J Stone, Pacman Da Gunman, BH, Cobby Supreme, Cuzzy Capone and Killa Twan 
Releases

Acting
In 2007, Hussle played a small role in Bone Thugs-n-Harmony's semi-autobiographical film I Tried, which was directed by Rich Newey  In 2010, he starred in the film Caged Animal, alongside Ving Rhames, Gillie Da Kid and Robert Patrick  In 2015, Hussle was featured in a cameo "The Sexy Getting Ready Song" in the pilot episode of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, rapping two bars 

Community activism
Hussle wanted to focus on "giving solutions and inspiration" to young black men like him  He denounced gun violence through his music, influence, and community work  He spoke openly about his experiences with gang culture  Affiliated with the Rollin' 60s, he often performed and worked with rival Bloods-affiliated rappers to set an example He funded improvements to neighborhood schools and spent time with students, also participating on panels about growing up in the area and the influence of gang culture  Hussle started a co-working environment which he named Vector 90  From his own experience, he believed that the Crenshaw area was being underserved and that young people would benefit from communal workspaces  He wanted youths to be able to take classes in science, technology, and mathematics at the center Hussle was also intimately involved in the planning and advisory stages of the Destination Crenshaw project that will showcase the history and culture of blacks in his neighborhood  City Council member Marqueece Harris-Dawson said Hussle was in the earliest conversations on the project and was an integral part of the project's branding  In March 2019, Hussle had contacted officials from the LAPD to arrange a meeting with him and Roc Nation about what they could do to help prevent gang violence in South Los Angeles  The meeting had been scheduled to take place on April 1 
Hussle was murdered on March 31  According to Los Angeles Police Commissioner Steve Soboroff, department officials will meet with Hussle's representatives at a future date on these issues to continue the activist's work in his honor 

Personal life
Hussle and actress Lauren London began dating in 2013  They had a son together in 2016  London has a child from a previous relationship with fellow rapper Lil Wayne, while Hussle had a daughter from a previous relationship  He remained very involved in South Los Angeles with his businesses, charitable activities, and the homes of family and friends  The locations for a magazine shoot were in the neighborhood 

Death
On March 31, 2019, Hussle was shot at least 10 times in the parking lot of his store, Marathon Clothing, in South Central Los Angeles at 3:18 p m  The perpetrator also kicked Hussle in the head  Two others were wounded in the shooting All three victims were transported to a hospital, where Hussle was pronounced dead at 3:55 p m  He was 33 years old  Police identified then-29-year-old Eric Ronald Holder Jr  as the suspect  Investigators believed Holder was known to the rapper and that the shooting was possibly motivated by a personal matter  On April 2, 2019, Holder was arrested by the Los Angeles Police Department and was being held in solitary confinement On May 9, a grand jury indicted Holder on one count of murder, two counts each of attempted murder and assault with a firearm, and one count of possession of a firearm by a felon  After a couple of postponements, the trial got underway in mid-June, 2022  Los Angeles County Deputy District Attorney John McKinney served as the case's prosecutor, while Aaron Jansen served as head of the defense  Holder's attorneys argued that he did not intend to kill Hussle but had acted in the heat of the moment  McKinney argued, "He thought about it and he did it  That's all premeditated means  It doesn't mean he planned it for weeks"  Testimony at the trial established that, immediately before Holder shot Hussle, the two men argued over a rumor that Holder had cooperated with law enforcement in an unrelated matter  On July 6, 2022, Holder was found guilty of first-degree murder and two counts of attempted voluntary manslaughter relating to injuries he caused to bystanders  On February 22, 2023, Superior Court Judge H  Clay Jack announced Holder's sentence of 60 years Hussle's brother, Samiel Asghedom, was appointed the permanent administrator of Hussle's estate 

Memorials
Upon hearing the news of his death, numerous celebrities offered their condolences on social media  Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti also offered his condolences to Hussle's family Hussle's memorial service was held on April 11 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, with tickets provided free of charge Former president Barack Obama praised the rapper for his work in the community, writing in a tribute, "While most folks look at the Crenshaw neighborhood where he grew up and see only gangs, bullets, and despair, Nipsey saw potential" Former president of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad paid homage to the late rapper on his official Twitter profile  The conservative politician quoted Hussle's lyrics in a tweet reading "How can one take someone's life so easily? 'Baby Don't Cry Gotta Keep Your Head Up Even when The Road is Hard Never Give Up'" The 25 5-mile (41 0 km) funeral procession to Forest Lawn Memorial Park wound through the streets of South Central L A  including Watts, where he spent some of his formative years  The Nation of Islam provided security along the route that was "both respectful to the community and in a way that the community respects" according to Melina Abdullah  Mourners gathered at the Watts Towers along the route  The crowds lining the streets demonstrated the impact he had on this community Gang leaders saw how Hussle resonated with young gang members and used the opportunity to curtail violence in their own ranks  A cross-section of gangs marched together at a memorial for Hussle and later held summits between L A  and Compton  Largely confined to black gangs, they agreed to stay away from each other's territory and stop shooting at people  The peacemaking, which was a cease fire and not a truce, included hundreds of gangs similar to the truces of 1992 

Remembrance and tributes
A petition was started to rename the intersection of Slauson Avenue and Crenshaw Boulevard near Hussle's store Marathon Clothing to "Nipsey Hussle Square"  On the day of his funeral, the council announced it was set to be renamed Ermias "Nipsey Hussle" Asghedom Square to honor him and his contributions to the neighborhood  There has also been a push from the community to name the nearby Hyde Park station after him, according to Metro  A ceremony dedicating the at-grade light rail station on the K Line to him and the Crenshaw community was held August 6, 2022 There was a strong artistic response to Nipsey Hussle's death  Within a few months, over 50 murals dedicated to the rapper were painted in the City of Los Angeles  One mural is in an alley near the strip mall where he was killed  Hussle's store has remained closed since his death Hussle was  honored with a star in the recording category of the Hollywood Walk of Fame in front of Amoeba Music on August 15, 2022, the 37th anniversary of his birth  Councilmember Marqueece Harris-Dawson proclaimed the day Nipsey Hussle Day and handed the framed proclamation to Hussle's grandmother, Margaret Smith, who stood with Hussle's sister, Samantha, and his father, Dawit Asghedom Inspired by the books that Hussle mentioned in interviews, songs and motivational messages, local chapters of the Marathon Book Club have formed  The list includes self-help bestsellers, cult classics and little-known books by black authors  Michelle Obama included "Hussle and Motivate" on her 2020 workout playlist On April 2, 2019, NBA player Russell Westbrook notched the second 20-20-20 game in NBA history in honor of Hussle On March 6, 2020, metal band Body Count released their seventh studio album titled Carnivore  The album features a song titled "When I'm Gone", which was written for Nipsey Hussle by the band's singer and rapper Ice-T  The song features a spoken introductory part in which Ice-T says of Hussle, "the outcry of love and support after his death was incredible, but it inspired me to write this song " The song also features guest vocalist Amy Lee from the band Evanescence who is also credited by Ice-T as having co-written the song Rapper Snoop Dogg released the tribute song "Nipsey Blue" which is dedicated to Nipsey Hussle in 2020 Rapper Big Sean announced the song "Deep Reverence" in honor of Nipsey Hussle  The track was released in August 2020 and features Nipsey Hussle  The music video was released in March 2021 Puma released the Marathon Clothing collection in September 2019 with 100% of net proceeds to the Neighborhood 'Nip' Foundation  The AMB store opened in September 2019 on Crenshaw Boulevard  This is another clothing company founded by Hussle with Cobby Supreme who was one of his best friends and an artist Hussle's longtime friend and collaborator YG dedicated his performance at the 2019 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival to the memory of Nipsey Hussle  At the 2020 Grammy Awards, DJ Khaled, Kirk Franklin, John Legend, Meek Mill, Roddy Ricch, and YG all gave tribute to Hussle in honor of his legacy The season 2 premiere of The CW series All American included a candlelight vigil at Hyde Park with a eulogy by the character Flip Williams (played by Lahmard Tate)  Tattoo artist Keenan Chapman painted a mural just for the episode  The series included "Grinding All My Life" in its pilot, and series star Daniel Ezra was a fan  Characters from the series wore clothes from the Marathon store  Hussle had planned to appear in the season 1 finale but had "scheduling conflicts"  A documentary on Nipsey Hussle is in development at Netflix, and is set to be co-produced and directed by Ava DuVernay Rapper Kendrick Lamar paid tribute to Nipsey Hussle on the single "The Heart Part 5"  The music video shows Hussle deepfaked on to Lamar's face as he rapped about his legacy following his death 

Discography
Victory Lap (2018)

Filmography
See also
List of hip hop musicians
List of murdered hip hop musicians
Context 2: Passage 1:
Henri, Duke of Montpensier
Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier, (12 May 1573 – 27 February 1608) was Dauphin of Auvergne, Duke of Montpensier, Sovereign Prince of the Dombes and Lord of Châtellerault 
Henri was born at Mézières, the son  of François de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier, and of his wife Renée d'Anjou, marquise de Mézières 
On 15 May 1597, Henri married  Henriette Catherine, daughter of Henri de Joyeuse and Catherine de Nogaret   They had:

Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier (15 October 1605 – 4 June 1627); married Gaston, Duke of Orléans and was the mother of La Grande Mademoiselle (with Marie dying as a result of complications from the birth of her daughter)  Her daughter never married and died childless in 1693 and thus Marie has no surviving descendants today 
Passage 2:
Mercedes of Orléans
María de las Mercedes of Orléans (24 June 1860 – 26 June 1878) was Queen of Spain as the first wife of King Alfonso XII  She was born in Madrid, the daughter of Antoine of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier, and Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain 

Early life
Born at the Palacio Real in Madrid on 24 June 1860, Mercedes was the sixth of her parents' nine children  Her father, Antoine, was the Duke of Montpensier while her mother, Luisa Fernanda, was an Infanta of Spain  Her mother's elder sister, Queen Isabella II, and brother-in-law, King Francis, served as Mercedes' godparents at her christening, when she was given the names: María de las Mercedes Isabel Francisca de Asís Antonia Luisa Fernanda Felipa Amalia Cristina Francisca de Paula Ramona Rita Cayetana Manuela Juana Josefa Joaquina Ana Rafaela Filomena Teresa Santísima Trinidad Gaspara Melchora Baltasara et omni sancti Although Mercedes was patrilineally a French princess, she was also a Spanish infanta and spent the first eight years of her life in Spain  Her childhood was spent at the Palace of San Telmo in Andalusia, her father's rumoured aspirations to obtain his sister-in-law's crown periodically rendering him unwelcome at the royal court in Madrid 

Marriage and reign
When Queen Isabella II was deposed in 1868, Mercedes' family left Spain for exile  It was reportedly during that banishment in 1872 that she met her first cousin Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, also living in exile  Isabella II opposed a marriage between the two due to the hostilities between Mercedes' father and the former queen 
Upon restoration, King Alfonso married María de las Mercedes at the church of Atocha in Madrid on 23 January 1878, following a huge ball in December 1877  Allegedly, the King's choice dashed the hopes of his still-exiled mother Queen Isabella for Alfonso's marriage to Infanta Blanca de Borbón, daughter of his Carlist rival Carlos, Duke of Madrid Mercedes helped build a new temple after the Church of Santa María de la Almudena was demolished in 1868 

Death
Shortly after their honeymoon, it became evident that Queen Mercedes suffered from typhoid fever  The marriage would last only six months, during which she reportedly had a miscarriage  She died due to the fever on 26 June 1878, at 18 years old 

Legacy
The news of her demise spawned many folk songs accounting for it, most notably the famous copla, with many variations in Spain and America, particularly popular among children delivered as a song accompanying a skipping rope game  According to Benito Pérez Galdós, he had already heard about it few days after the incident: “¿Dónde vas Alfonso XII? ¿Dónde vas triste de ti? Voy en busca de Mercedes que ayer tarde no la vi…” ("Where are you going, Alfonso XII? Where are you going, sad man?—I'm going in search of Mercedes whom I did not see yesterday afternoon   ")  A film about the romance between María de las Mercedes and Alfonso XII, Where Are You Going, Alfonso XII?, was released in 1958 Queen Mercedes co-initiated the building of the Cathedral of la Almudena in Madrid, opposite of the royal palace —the construction beginning in 1883  In May 2004 Felipe, Prince of Asturias, was wed there to Letizia Ortiz  Queen Mercedes' remains were re-interred there on 8 November 2000, in accordance with her widower's wishes 
A town in the northern Philippine province of Isabela was named Reina Mercedes in her honor in 1886 when the Spanish colonial government formally separated it from Cauayan 
When the King's minister Cánovas del Castillo suggested that he take a new wife, Alfonso acquiesced, choosing Mercedes' sister María Cristina  She also contracted tuberculosis, and died during the engagement period  In late 1879, he married Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria-Teschen; the eldest of their children, the Princess of Asturias, was named in honour of Queen Mercedes 

Ancestry
Passage 3:
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans (13 March 1753 – 23 June 1821), was the daughter of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre and Princess Maria Teresa d'Este  At the death of her brother, Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe, she became the wealthiest heiress in France prior to the French Revolution  She married Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the "regicide" Philippe Égalité, and was the mother of France's last king, Louis Philippe I  She was sister-in-law to Marie Thérèse Louise, Princess of Lamballe, and was the last member of the Bourbon-Penthièvre family 

Early life
Marie-Adélaïde was born on 13 March 1753 at the Hôtel de Toulouse, the family residence in Paris since 1712, when her grandfather, Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, bought it from Louis Phélypeaux de La Vrillière  She was the youngest daughter of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre and his wife, Princess Maria Teresa d'Este  Her mother died in childbirth the following year  Styled Mademoiselle d'Ivoy initially and, as a young girl, until her marriage, Mademoiselle de Penthièvre (derived from the duchy inherited by her father)  The style of Mademoiselle de Penthièvre had been previously borne by her sister Marie Louise de Bourbon (1751–1753), who died six months after Marie-Adélaïde's birth 

Education
At birth, she was put in the care of Madame de Sourcy and, as was the custom for many girls of the nobility, she was later raised at the Abbaye de Montmartre convent, overlooking Paris, where she spent twelve years  As a child, she was encouraged to take an active part in the charities for which her father had become known as "Prince of the Poor"  His reputation for beneficence made him popular throughout France and, subsequently, saved him during the Revolution 

Marriage
Upon the death of her brother and only sibling, the Prince de Lamballe, on 8 May 1768, Marie-Adélaïde became heiress to what was to become the largest fortune of France 
Her marriage to Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres, son of the Duke of Orléans, had been envisaged earlier and, while the Duke of Penthièvre saw in it the opportunity for his daughter to marry the First Prince of the Blood Royal, the Orléanses did not want another union with an illegitimate branch of the royal family  However, when the Prince de Lamballe's death left his sister sole heiress to the family fortune, the bar sinister on her inescutcheon was "overlooked"  Although Marie-Adélaîde was much in love with her Orléans cousin, Louis XV warned Penthièvre against such a marriage because of the reputation of the young Duke of Chartres as a libertine  Louis XV was also fearful of the powerful leverage given the Orléans branch should it inherit the Penthièvre fortune You are wrong, my cousin, said Louis XV to Penthièvre, the Duke of Chartres has a bad temper, bad habits: he is a libertine, your daughter will not be happy  Do not rush, wait!
Mademoiselle de Penthièvre was presented to the King on 7 December 1768, in a ceremony called de nubilité, by her maternal aunt, Maria Fortunata d'Este, Comtesse de la Marche  She was greeted by Louis XV, the Dauphin and other members of the royal family  On that day, she was baptised by Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon, Grand Almoner of France, and given the names Louise Marie Adélaïde Her marriage to the Duke of Chartres took place at the Palace of Versailles on 5 April 1769 in a ceremony which all of the princes du sang attended  The marriage contract was signed by all members of the royal family  Afterwards, Louis XV hosted a wedding supper which included the entire royal family  Mlle de Penthièvre brought to the already wealthy House of Orléans a dowry of six million livres, an annual income of 240,000 livres (later increased to 400,000), and the expectation of much more upon her father's death 

The Comtesse de Genlis
During the first few months of their marriage, the couple appeared devoted to each other, but the duke went back to the life of libertinage he had led before his marriage 
In the summer of 1772, a few months after his wife had given birth to a stillborn daughter, Philippe's secret liaison began with one of her ladies-in-waiting, Stéphanie Félicité Ducrest de St-Albin, Comtesse de Genlis, the niece of Madame de Montesson, the morganatic wife of Philippe's father  Passionate at first, the liaison cooled within a few months and, by the spring of 1773, was reported to be "dead"  After the romantic affair was over, Félicité remained in the service of Marie-Adélaïde at the Palais-Royal, a trusted friend to both Marie-Adélaïde and Philippe  They both appreciated her intelligence and, in July 1779, she became the governess of the couple's twin daughters born in 1777 In 1782, the young Louis Philippe was nine and in need of discipline  However, the Duke of Chartres could not think of someone better qualified to "turn his sons over to" than Mme de Genlis  Thus she became the "gouverneur" of the Duc and Duchesse de Chartres' children  Teacher and pupils left the Palais-Royal and went to live in a house built specially for them on the grounds of the Couvent des Dames de Bellechasse in Paris  Mme de Genlis was an excellent teacher, but like those of her former lover, the Duc de Chartres, her liberal political views made her unpopular with Queen Marie Antoinette  In the dissemination of her ideas, de Genlis managed to alienate her charges from their mother 
Marie-Adélaïde began to object to the education given her children by her former lady-in-waiting  The relationship between the two women became unbearable when Louis-Philippe, on 2 November 1790, one month after his seventeenth birthday, joined the revolutionary Jacobin Club  Marie-Adélaïde's relationship with her husband was also at its worst at this point, and the only way the two would communicate was through letters  In the memoirs of the Baronne d'Oberkirch, Marie-Adélaïde is described as:   always wearing a melancholic expression which nothing could cure  She sometimes smiled, she never laughed    
Upon the death of her father-in-law Louis Philippe d'Orléans in November 1785, her husband became the new Duke of Orléans, and First Prince of the Blood, taking rank only after the immediate family of the king  As the wife of a prince du sang she was entitled to be addressed as Your Serene Highness, a style to which her own illegitimate branch of the Bourbons had no right 

Revolution
On 5 April 1791, Marie-Adélaïde left her husband, and went to live with her father at the château de Bizy overlooking Vernon, Eure in Normandy In September 1792, having sided with the Revolution, the Duke of Orléans was elected to the National Convention under the name of Philippe Égalité  Siding with the radical group called La Montagne, he was from the very beginning suspect in the eyes of the Girondists, who wanted all the Bourbons to be banished from France  The fate of the Orléans family was sealed when Marie-Adélaïde's eldest son, the duc de Chartres, "Général Égalité" in the Army of the North commanded by Charles François Dumouriez, sought political asylum from the Austrians in March 1793  On 6 April, all the members of the Orléans family still remaining in France were arrested  After their arrest in Paris, Philippe Égalité and his son, the comte de Beaujolais, were imprisoned in the prison de l'Abbaye in Paris Later, the two were transferred to the prison of Fort Saint-Jean in Marseille, where they were soon joined by the duc de Montpensier who had been arrested while serving as an officer in the Army of the Alps  The day before his father and brothers were arrested in France, the duc de Chartres rushed to Tournai, near the French border, where his sister Adélaïde and Mme de Genlis had been living since Philippe Égalité had made them emigrate in November 1792  The duc de Chartres accompanied them to safety in Switzerland  In the meantime, due to her poor health, Marie-Adélaïde was allowed to stay in France, under guard, at the château de Bizy, where her father had died a month earlier  Her inheritance, however, was confiscated by the revolutionary government  Despite having voted for the death of his cousin Louis XVI of France, and having denounced his son's defection, Philippe Égalité was guillotined on 6 November 1793 

Widow Égalité
Upon the execution of her husband, Marie-Adélaïde, now known as the "Veuve Égalité" ("Widow Égalité"), was incarcerated at the Luxembourg Palace, which had been transformed into a prison during the Revolution  There she met the man who was to become the "love of her life", a former member of the National Convention named Jacques-Marie Rouzet, who had been imprisoned at the fall of the Girondins  Nearly executed before the fall of Robespierre, in July 1794 at the end of the Reign of Terror, she was transferred to the "Pension Belhomme", a former mental institution turned into a "prison for the rich" during the Revolution After Rouzet, who after his liberation had become a member of the Council of Five Hundred, succeeded, in 1796, to secure her liberation and that of her two sons still imprisoned in Marseille, the two always remained together and lived in Paris until 1797, when a decree banished the remaining members of the House of Bourbon from France  Marie-Adélaïde was exiled to Spain, as was her sister-in-law Bathilde d'Orléans, the last princesse de Condé  Rouzet accompanied them to the Spanish border and managed to secretly join them in Barcelona where he became her chancellor, and she obtained for him the title of comte de Folmont Marie-Adélaïde was never to see her two younger sons again, Montpensier and Beaujolais, who died in exile before the 1814 Bourbon Restoration  She, Rouzet and the Orléans exiled in Spain returned to France in 1814 at the time of the first Bourbon Restoration  After legal battles which lasted until her death, the bulk of her inheritance was eventually recovered  She died in her castle at Ivry-sur-Seine on 23 June 1821, after battling breast cancer  Rouzet had died nine months before, on 25 October 1820, and she had him inhumed in the new family chapel she had built in Dreux in 1816, as the final resting place for the two families, Bourbon-Penthièvre and Orléans The original Bourbon-Penthièvre family crypt in the Collégiale de Saint-Étienne de Dreux had been violated during the Revolution and the bodies thrown together into a grave in the Chanoines Cemetery of the Collégiale  She was buried in the new chapel which, after the accession to the throne of her son Louis Philippe, was enlarged, embellished and renamed Chapelle royale de Dreux, becoming the necropolis for the now royal Orléans family  Marie Adélaïde did not live to see her son Louis Philippe become King of the French in 1830 

Cultural references
In the 2006 film, Marie Antoinette, Marie-Adélaïde had a minor role played by actress Aurore Clément 

Issue
The couple had six children:

A daughter (died at birth, 10 October 1771)
Louis Philippe d'Orléans (future King Louis Philippe I of the French), (Palais Royal, 1773–1850, Claremont) Duke of Valois (1773–1785) **Duke of Chartres (1785–1793) Duke of Orléans (1793–1830) married Maria Amalia of Naples and had issue 
Louis Antoine Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier, (Palais Royal, 1775–1807, Salthill),
Françoise d'Orléans, Mademoiselle d'Orléans (Palais Royal, 1777–1782, Palais Royal), twin sister of (below),
Louise Marie Adélaïde Eugénie d'Orléans, Mademoiselle de Chartres (Palais Royal, 1777–1847, Palais de Tuileries) never married 
Louis Charles Alphonse Léodgard d'Orléans, Count of Beaujolais (Palais Royal, 1779–1808, Malta) never married

The painting
On the eve of the French Revolution, in 1789, she was painted by Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun, the favourite portrait painter of Queen Marie Antoinette  The painting was titled Madame la Duchesse d'Orléans  Vigée-Le Brun made use of the lonely duchess' melancholia in the pose  Dressed in white, a reminder of her candor, the head of the duchess is supported on her upraised arm  She is shown with a languid, sad expression  Below the breast is a Wedgwood medallion which Colin Eisler has identified as Poor Maria, possibly a reference to the life of the duchess, which was later destroyed because of the Revolution  The painting is now at the Palace of Versailles  There is another copy in the musée de Longchamp, Marseille  Versailles has a third copy which has been incorrectly described as a replica 

Ancestry
Passage 4:
Amédée Faure
Amédée Faure or Victor-Amédée Faure (1801–1878) was a French painter and portraitist   His portrait subjects include the brothers Louis-Charles, Count of Beaujolais and Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, and he also specialised in historic scenes of the House of Orléans and the July Monarchy 

External links
Amédée Faure at culture fr
Passage 5:
Theodred II (Bishop of Elmham)
Theodred II was a medieval Bishop of Elmham 
The date of Theodred's consecration unknown, but the date of his death was sometime between 995 and 997 
Passage 6:
Françoise Barbaroux
Françoise Barbaroux (1 January 1761 – 3 November 1822) was mistress of Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier  She had one child to Antoine Philippe, Jean-Antoine-Philippe Dentend (6 August 1797 – 5 March 1858), who became notary to the house of Orléans and in that role oversaw Louis Philippe's donation of his personal goods in 1830 before his accession 
Françoise was insulting to members of Antoine's family, then living in exile after the political tumult of the French Revolution   The Revolution's victims included Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Antoine's father  Madame Adélaïde of Orléans, Antoine's sister, wrote in several of her diary entries that Françoise was "Ugly"  Her attempt to befriend Adélaïde failed as the princesse left for America  Antoine never saw his son, and Françoise left France for Belgium after Antoine's death  She remained there until her death in 1822 
Françoise Barbaroux' father, Francis Barbaroux, was the chamberlain to Louis XVIII of France 
Passage 7:
George of Naples
George (died 739) was the duke of Naples for a decade beginning in 729  
George succeeded Theodore I and continued his prudent policy of balancing between the Byzantine Empire and the papacy, at that time embroiled in a conflict over the iconoclastic controversy  He was succeeded by Gregory I 
An ancient monument, dedicated to George, can be found to this day at Terracina 

Sources
Gay, Jules  L'Italie méridionale et l'empire Byzantin: Livre I  Burt Franklin: New York, 1904 
Passage 8:
Louis II, Count of Montpensier
Louis de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier (1483 – August 14, 1501, Naples) was the son of Gilbert, Count of Montpensier and Claire Gonzaga  He was Count of Montpensier and Clermont-en-Auvergne and Dauphin d'Auvergne from 1496 to his death 
He died unmarried and was succeeded by his brother Charles III, Duke of Bourbon 
Passage 9:
Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier
Marie de Bourbon (15 October 1605 – 4 June 1627), Duchess of Montpensier, and Duchess of Orléans by marriage, was a French noblewoman and one of the last members of the House of Bourbon-Montpensier  Her parents were Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier and Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse, Duchess of Joyeuse in her own right 

Biography
Marie de Bourbon was born in the château de Gaillon, in Gaillon (Eure department of France), in the former province of Normandy 
Known as Mademoiselle de Montpensier before her marriage, she was the Duke and Duchess of Montpensier's only child  At the age of two, she had been engaged to the second son of Henry IV of France, Nicolas Henri de France, Duke of Orléans, but he died at the age of four in 1611  She was then betrothed to his brother, Gaston de France, Duke of Orléans, the younger brother of king Louis XIII, and the heir presumptive to the throne of France 
At the death of her father, in 1608, Marie became the Duchess of Montpensier in her own right; the Duchy was one of the oldest in France having been elevated from a County in 1539  Marie was a descendant of John II of France, of the House of Valois and of Saint Louis 
Because of the Montpensier's fortune, of which Marie was the only heiress, and despite the aversion shown by Gaston toward this arranged marriage, Louis XIII and Richelieu were determined the marriage would take place 
The wedding ceremony was celebrated in Nantes, on 6 August 1626, in the presence of Louis XIII, his wife, Queen Anne of Austria, and Marie de' Medici, the Queen Mother  According to her daughter's biographer, Vita Sackville-West, quoting a member of her husband's household, A sadder wedding was never seen  From this union, the new ducal couple had one child:

Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier (Louvre, 29 May 1627 – Palais du Luxembourg, 3 April 1693), the future Grande Mademoiselle Marie died on 4 June 1627 at the Palais du Louvre in Paris, at the age of twenty-one, shortly after the birth of her daughter who, as her only child, inherited her fortune and titles  She was buried at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis, north of Paris 
In a will intended to disinherit her niece, Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Marie's half-sister Marie de Lorraine,) chose Charles François de Stainville as beneficiary in 1688; but on the urging of her heirs, the will was broken by the Parlement of Paris in 1689 After the death of her daughter, La Grande Mademoiselle, in 1693, Marie's fortune was handed over to Philippe de France, Louis XIV's younger and only brother 

Ancestors
Passage 10:
Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier
Louis Antoine Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (3 July 1775, Palais-Royal, Paris - 18 May 1807, Salthill, England) was a son of Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans (nom de rėvolution: "Philippe Égalité") (1747–1793), and his duchess Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans  He was the younger brother of Louis Philippe, later King of the French  Antoine had a deep affection for him, and they were only ever separated during the Reign of Terror and the events that followed between 1793 and 1797 

Life
In 1791, Antoine Philippe was appointed as an aide-de-camp, with the rank of sous-lieutenant in his brother's regiment (his brother, then duc de Chartres, was known as "Général Égalité ") He was made adjutant-general before the battle of Jemmapes, in which both he and his brother fought  In Paris at the time of the trial of Louis XVI, Antoine Philippe attempted unsuccessfully to persuade his father not to vote for the king's death 
In April 1793, whilst adjutant-general in the armée du Var, Antoine Philippe was arrested at the same time as the other Bourbons who had remained in France  He was imprisoned in Fort Saint-Jean at Marseille 
During his imprisonment, Antoine Philippe contracted tuberculosis which eventually killed him  He had an illegitimate son with Françoise Barbaroux – Jean-Antoine-Philippe Dentend (7 July 1797 – 5 March 1858) – who became notary to the House of Orléans  In that role, he oversaw Louis Philippe's donation of his personal property in 1830 before his accession  Antoine never saw his child; on 13 fructidor year IV (30 August 1796), the French Directory decided to exile him to Philadelphia, where the French Republic's chargé-d'affaires in the United States of America granted him an annual pension of 15,000 francs  He set out on      5 November 1796, accompanied by his brother Louis-Charles, comte de Beaujolais, and in February 1797 met Louis-Philippe in Philadelphia  For two years they travelled around New England, the Great Lakes region and the Mississippi valley  

Returning to Europe in 1800, the royal House of Bourbon remained in exile from France, so the brothers set up in England at Twickenham (Highshot House, Crown Road, building demolished in 1927)  Later that year Antoine- Philippe sought the hand in marriage of Lady Charlotte Adelaide Constantia Rawdon (d  1834), daughter of the 1st Earl of Moira by his third wife, Elizabeth Hastings, 16th Baroness Botreaux (daughter of the 9th Earl of Huntingdon by his wife, Lady Selena Shirley, founder of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion)  Despite her noble lineage, consent for the marriage was withheld by Louis, Count of Provence (the future King Louis XVIII), and the couple never wed In 1807 Antoine-Philippe's tuberculosis worsened, motivating his elder brother to take him to Devon to benefit from the fresh air  Twelve miles out of Twickenham, they were forced to stop at an inn in Salt Hill, near Windsor  During a respiratory crisis, Antoine-Philippe refused the ether Louis-Philippe was wanting to administer, and, murmuring to him "Give me your hand, I thought I was dying" ("Donne-moi ta main, j'ai cru que je mourais"), and with that he died  
Antoine-Philippe's funeral service was held at the Catholic chapel on King Street in London   Monsieur (the future King Charles X) attended and, thanks to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, obtained permission to bury his brother in Westminster Abbey 

Works
Relation de la captivité de S A S  Monsignor le duc de Montpensier, pendant les années 1793, 1794, 1795 et 1796, écrite par lui-même, Twickenham, Imprimerie de G  White, 1816
Mémoires de S A S  Louis-Antoine-Philippe d'Orléans, duc de Montpensier, Paris, Baudouin frères, 1824 – text on www gallica fr

Ancestors
References and notes

Hay, Malcolm  Prince in Captivity: based on the Memoirs and unpublished Letters of Antoine Philippe d'Orleans, Duc de Montpensier, 1775-1807 (Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1960)


== External links ==



ground_truth: Crenshaw

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When was Antoine Philippe, Duke Of Montpensier's mother born?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Jim Ramel Kjellgren
Jim Love Ramel Kjellgren, (born 18 July 1987) is a Swedish actor  He is the son of Lotta Ramel and Johan H:son Kjellgren and the grandchild of Povel Ramel  He is perhaps best known as the character Jonte in the SVT series Eva & Adam, he reprised the role in the film Eva & Adam – fyra födelsedagar och ett fiasko In 2020, Jim married Bernadette Gisele Hutson, who is French-American 

Filmography
1999–2000 – Eva & Adam (TV-series)
2001 – Eva & Adam – fyra födelsedagar och ett fiasko
2001 – Days Like This
2004 – Kyrkogårdsön
2005 – Storm
Passage 2:
Tulasi (actress)
Tulasi (or Tulasi Shivamani) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Telugu, Kannada, and Tamil cinema  She started her career as a child actress  Later she appeared in lead actress and supporting actress roles  She has acted in over 300 films in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, and Bhojpuri languages  She won two Nandi Awards and one Filmfare Award 

Career
Tulasi made her debut in the Telugu language when she was three months old in 1967  For a song in a film, a baby was needed and Tulasi was placed in the cradle after actress Savitri had requested Tulasi's mother, who was a friend of her  She was featured in a song when she was three-and-half years old in Jeevanatarangalu and said that she became a full-fledged actor when she was four  She had never been to school She got married at age 28 to Kannada director Sivamani  She stated, "I met him in the morning and by evening we tied the knot"  They have one son, Sai Tarun  Tulasi decided to quit acting after getting married, working only occasionally as a voice actor in Telugu films, including ones by Mani Ratnam  When her son was around six years old, she received several mother character roles  She initially declined them all, but finally signed on one Kannada film, Excuse Me, in which she played mother to Divya Spandana and which became a big hit  After that she was doing three films a year in Kannada 
She began to act mainly in mother roles in Telugu and Tamil film industries  Her notable supporting roles include performances in Sasirekha Parinayam, Mr  Perfect, Darling, Srimanthudu, Iddarammayilatho, Nenu Local, Mahanati & Dear Comrade in Telugu and Pillaiyar Theru Kadaisi Veedu, Easan, Mankatha, Sundarapandian, Aadhalal Kadhal Seiveer and Pandiya Naadu in Tamil  Tulasi has said that Aadhalal Kadhal Seiveer, in which she had played mother to Manisha Yadav's character, changed her life and brought her an "identity as a screen mother"  Her portrayal of Chellamma in Pannaiyarum Padminiyum was praised too, with critics stating that she was "brilliant", and had given her "career best performance" 

Partial filmography
Awards
Nandi AwardsBest Child Actress - Seetamalakshmi (1978)
Best Child Actress - Sankarabharanam (1980)Filmfare Awards SouthFilmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Kannada - Josh
Passage 3:
Stokkseyrar-Dísa
Thordis Markusdottir (Þórdís Markúsdóttir), known as Stokkseyrar-Dísa (1668–1728), was an Icelandic magician (Galdrmaster)  She is known in history for her alleged magical powers  She is the subject of a least ten different folk sagas depicting her experiments within magic or Galdr 
Thordis Markusdottir belonged to the elite of the Iceland and was the grandchild of sheriff Torfi Erlendsson of Stafnes and related to Thormodus Torfæus, historian of the King of Denmark  She lived in Stokkseyri, thereby the name Stokkseyrar-Dísa  Some of the sagas around her centers on her magical duels with Eiríkur í Vogsósum 
Passage 4:
Elizabeth (biblical figure)
Elizabeth (also spelled Elisabeth; Hebrew: אֱלִישֶׁבַע / אֱלִישָׁבַע "My God has sworn", Standard Hebrew: Elišévaʿ / Elišávaʿ, Tiberian Hebrew: ʾĔlîšéḇaʿ / ʾĔlîšāḇaʿ; Greek: Ἐλισάβετ Elisabet / Elisavet) was the mother of John the Baptist, the wife of Zechariah, and maternal aunt of Mary, mother of Jesus, according to the Gospel of Luke and in Islamic tradition  She was past normal child-bearing age when she conceived and gave birth to John 

Biblical narrative
According to the Gospel of Luke chapter 1, Elizabeth was "of the daughters of Aaron"  She and her husband Zechariah/Zachariah were "righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless" (1:5–7), but childless  While he was in the temple of the Lord (1:8–12), Zachariah was visited by the angel Gabriel:

But the angel said to him: “Do not be afraid, Zechariah; your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to call him John  He will be a joy and delight to you, and many will rejoice because of his birth, for he will be great in the sight of the Lord  He is never to take wine or other fermented drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit even before he is born 
Zachariah doubted whereby he could know this since both he and his wife were old  The angel identified himself as Gabriel and told Zachariah that he would be "dumb, and not able to speak" until the words were fulfilled, because he did not believe  When the days of his ministry were complete, he returned to his house (Luke 1:16–23) 

After this his wife Elizabeth became pregnant and for five months remained in seclusion  “The Lord has done this for me,” she said  “In these days he has shown his favor and taken away my disgrace among the people ”
According to the account, the angel Gabriel was then sent to Nazareth in Galilee to her relative Mary, a virgin, betrothed to a man called Joseph, and informed her that she would conceive by the Holy Spirit and bring forth a son to be called Jesus  Mary was also informed that her "relative Elizabeth" had begun her sixth month of pregnancy, and Mary traveled to "a town in the hill country of Judah", to visit Elizabeth (Luke 1:26–40) 

When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit  In a loud voice she exclaimed: "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb  But why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? As soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy  Blessed is she who has believed that the Lord would fulfill his promises to her!"
Matthew Henry comments, "Mary knew that Elizabeth was with child, but it does not appear that Elizabeth had been told anything of her relative Mary's being designed for the mother of the Messiah; and therefore what knowledge she appears to have had of it must have come by a revelation, which would be a great encouragement to Mary " After Mary heard Elizabeth's blessing, she spoke the words now known as the Magnificat (Luke 1:46–55)  

Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home When it was time for Elizabeth to have her baby, she gave birth to a son  Her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had shown her great mercy, and they shared her joy On the eighth day they came to circumcise the child, and they were going to name him after his father Zechariah, but his mother spoke up and said, “No! He is to be called John ”They said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who has that name ”Then they made signs to his father, to find out what he would like to name the child  He asked for a writing tablet, and to everyone’s astonishment he wrote, “His name is John ” Immediately his mouth was opened and his tongue set free, and he began to speak, praising God 
That is the last mention of Elizabeth, who is not mentioned in any other chapter in the Bible  The chapter continues with the prophecy of Zachariah (known as the Benedictus,) and ends with the note that John "grew, and became strong in spirit, and was in the deserts" until his ministry to Israel began; so it is unknown how long Elizabeth and her husband lived after that (Luke 1:65–80) 
Since the Medieval era, Elizabeth's greeting, "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb," has formed the second part of the Hail Mary prayer A traditional "tomb of Elizabeth" is shown in the Franciscan Monastery of Saint John in the Wilderness near Jerusalem 

Apocrypha
Elizabeth is mentioned in several books of the Apocrypha, most prominently in the Protevangelion of James, in which the birth of her son, the subsequent murder of her husband, as well as her and John's miraculous escape during the Massacre of the Innocents are chronicled 

Sainthood
Elizabeth is revered as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church on 5 November, and in the Orthodox and Anglican traditions on 5 September, on the same day with her husband Zacharias/Zechariah  She is commemorated as a matriarch in the Calendar of Saints (5 September) of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and Zacharias is commemorated as a prophet She is also commemorated on 30 March in Eastern Orthodox Church (Visitation) 

Islam
Elizabeth (Arabic: Isha', daughter of Faqudh), the wife of Zakaria, the mother of Yahya, is an honored woman in Islam  Although Zachariah himself is frequently mentioned by name in the Qur'an, Elizabeth, while not mentioned by name, is referenced  She is revered by Muslims as a wise, pious and believing person who, like her relative Mary, was exalted by God to a high station  She lived in the household of Imran, and is said to have been a descendant of the prophet and priest Harun Zachariah and his wife were both devout and steadfast in their duties  They were, however, both very old and they had no son  Therefore, Zachariah would frequently pray to God for a son  This was not only out of the desire to have a son but also because the great Jesus wanted someone to carry on the services of the Temple of prayer and to continue the preaching of the Lord's message before his death 
God cured Elizabeth's barrenness and granted Zachariah a son, Yahya (John the Baptist), who became a prophet  God thus granted the wishes of the couple because of their faith, trust and love for God  In the Qur'an, God speaks of Zachariah, his wife, and John, and describes the three as being humble servants of the Lord:

So We listened to him: and We granted him John: We cured his wife's (Barrenness) for him  These (three) were ever quick in emulation in good works; they used to call on Us with love and reverence, and humble themselves before Us 
In Sunni Islamic reports of al-Tabari and al-Masudi, Elizabeth is said to have been a daughter of Imran, and thus, a sister of Mary  Therefore, their children Jesus (Isa) and John (Yahya) are believed to have been cousins  In other accounts, Elizabeth is said to be a daughter of Fakudh, and a sister of Imran's wife Hannah In Shia hadith she is named Hananah, and is identified as a sister of Mary's mother Hannah  Abu Basir recorded that Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, the great grandson of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, had stated: "Hannah, the wife of Imran, and Hananah, the wife of Zechariah, were sisters  He goes on to say that Mary was born from Hannah and John was born from Hananah  Mary gave birth to Jesus and he was the son of the daughter of John's aunt  John was the son of the aunt of Mary, and the aunt of one's mother is like one's aunt "

Mandaeism
In Mandaeism, Enišbai (Classical Mandaic: ࡏࡍࡉࡔࡁࡀࡉ, romanized: ʿnišbai) is the Mandaic name for Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist  Enišbai is mentioned in chapters 18, 21, and 32 of the Mandaean Book of John 

See also
Gospel of Luke
Visitation (Catholic feast)
Ein Kerem, traditional home town of Elizabeth, Zechariah and John
Biblical figures in Islamic tradition
Saint Elizabeth, patron saint archive

Notes and references
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed  (1913)  "Hail Mary"  Catholic Encyclopedia  New York: Robert Appleton Company 

External links

Stained glass depiction of Elizabeth and Zachary, Cathédrale Saint-Etienne de Bourges
Passage 5:
Sobe (sister of Saint Anne)
Sobe, also known as Sovin, was the mother of St  Elizabeth and sister of St  Anne The Bible records only that Elizabeth was a descendant of Aaron and a cousin (or relative) of Mary  The name of Sobe first appears in writings of about the 7th century by Hippolytus of Thebes, Andrew of Crete, and Epiphanius Monachus, and later in Nicephorus Callistus and Andronicus  All recount essentially the same passage, given by the last two as follows:

There were three sisters of Bethlehem, daughters of Matthan the priest, and Mary his wife, under the reign of Cleopatra and Sosipatrus, before the reign of Herod, the son of Antipater: the eldest was Mary, the second was Sobe, the youngest's name was Anne  The eldest being married in Bethlehem, had for daughter Salome the midwife; Sobe the second likewise married in Bethlehem, and was the mother of Elizabeth; last of all the third married in Galilee, and brought forth Mary the mother of Christ 

The 19th-century mystic Anne Catherine Emmerich claims that according to her visions (which give a detailed genealogy of Mary), Sobe was a sister of Anne, but the mother of Elizabeth was Emerentia, Sobe and Anne's maternal aunt 

See also
List of names for the biblical nameless
Passage 6:
Constance Anne Herschel
Constance Anne Herschel (1855 - 1939), later known as Lady Lubbock, was a scientist and mathematician 
Herschel held the post of resident lecturer in natural sciences and mathematics at Girton College, Cambridge She was the child of Sir John Frederick William Herschel, and the grandchild of William Herschel  She wrote a family history of the famous scientific dynasty by compiling family sources, 'The Herschel Chronicle' She married Sir Neville Lubbock 
Passage 7:
Albina du Boisrouvray
Countess Albina du Boisrouvray (born 1941) is a former journalist and film producer who has become a global philanthropist and social entrepreneur working with AIDS victims and impoverished communities around the world  She is the founder of FXB International, a non-governmental organization established in memory of her son, François-Xavier Bagnoud



ground_truth: 13 March 1753

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is Sobe (Sister Of Saint Anne)'s grandchild?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Du Boisrouvray is a grandchild of the Bolivian King of Tin, Simón Patiño  She is a second cousin of Prince Rainier of Monaco and godmother to Charlotte Casiraghi, daughter of Princess Caroline of Monaco 

Early life and education
She is the daughter of Count Guy de Jacquelot du Boisrouvray (1903-1980) and Luz Mila Patiño Rodríguez (1909-1958) (her name is also reported as Luzmila)  Her paternal grandmother was born countess Joséphine Marie Louise de Polignac, sister of Prince Pierre, Duke of Valentinois, the maternal grandfather of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco  Her maternal grandfather was Simón Patiño, one of the wealthiest men in the world at the time of her birth Her father was part of the Free French movement and her family left the country while she was an infant  Du Boisrouvray grew up in New York City and lived at the Plaza Hotel  Her family later moved to Argentina, and du Boisrouvray lived alone in Switzerland, Morocco, England and back to France Du Boisrouvray attended University of Sorbonne in Paris where she studied psychology and philosophy 

Career
Du Boisrouvray began her career as a journalist  She worked as a freelance journalist for Le Nouvel Observateur, covering international stories such as the death of Che Guevara  She later co-founded the literary magazine Libre with Juan Goytisolo In 1978, du Boisrouvray ran as a candidate for the Friends of the Earth party in parliamentary elections She founded a film production company, Albina Productions, in 1969 and is credited with producing 22 films over a period of 17 years  These films include Pascal Thomas' first film, Les Zozos (1972), L'important c'est d'aimer and Une Femme a sa fenêtre, both of which starred Romy Schneider, and Fort Saganne (1984), directed by Alain Corneau and starring Gérard Depardieu, Catherine Deneuve and Sophie Marceau  Police Python 357 (1976) notably was one of the few films which starred Yves Montand and Simone Signoret, a well-known couple, in the same film  Du Boisrouvray began serving as the chairperson of SEGH, her family's real estate and hotel management group, in 1980 

FXB International
Following the death of her only child, du Boisrouvray sold three-quarters of her assets including a jewelry collection auctioned by Sotheby's in New York for $31 2 million, an art collection of $20 million, and a substantial part of her family real-estate business which garnered $50 million  The Sotheby's auction was the largest jewelry sale since the Duchess of Windsor's auction  The sale included pre-Columbian gold, jade and other notable pieces accumulated by the noble French family  Du Boisrouvray allocated part of the profits to the FXB Foundation to create programs, including an at home palliative care program for the terminally ill in Switzerland and France, a rescue helicopter control centre in the Swiss Alps, and a professorship at the University of Michigan (her son's alma mater)  The rest of the funds were used to found FXB International in memory of her son, François-Xavier Bagnoud, a search-and-rescue pilot who died while serving as a transport pilot in Mali during the Paris-Dakar rally in 1986 Du Boisrouvray founded FXB International is to fight poverty and AIDS, and support orphans and vulnerable children left in the wake of the AIDS pandemic  FXB International offers comprehensive support to the families and communities that care for these children, and advocates for their fundamental rights  The organization has helped over 17 million people from programs in more than 100 countries, with a staff of over 450  Du Boisrouvray broadened its work from supporting children impacted by AIDS to also include all families needing support to emerge from extreme poverty and become self-sufficient through the FXBVillage methodology  In 1991, she developed the FXBVillage Methodology, a community-based, sustainable approach to overcoming the AIDS orphans crisis and extreme poverty  Each FXBVillage supports 80-100 families, comprising approximately 500 individuals, mostly children  Over a three-year period, FXB provides communities with the resources and training needed to become physically, financially and socially independent  According to FXB, the FXBVillage program has graduated over 69,500 participants from eight countries and has over 12,500 current participants In 1993, du Boisrouvray founded the FXB Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, the first academic center to focus exclusively on health and human rights 

Awards and recognition
Du Boisrouvray was made Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres in 1985  In 1993, the University of Michigan conferred upon her a "Doctor of Humane Letters Degree," and she was made a "John Harvard Fellow" by Harvard University in 1996 
She received a Special Recognition Award for "Responding to the HIV/AIDS Orphan crisis" at the second conference on Global Strategies for the prevention of HIV transmission from mothers to infants in Montreal, in September 1999  In 2001, Harvard students presented her with the "Harvard Project for International Health and Development Award" Her philanthropy and humanitarian efforts earned her a knighthood of the Légion d'Honneur in 2001 for her pioneering work in home palliative care projects  Also in 2001, because of the innovative cost-effective projects that she formulated and directed within FXB, she was selected as a member of the Social Entrepreneurs Group of the Schwab Foundation  This recognition enables the 54 social entrepreneurs of the group to participate in the Davos World Economic Forum and to present and to share their expertise with world business leaders in the civil and public sectors She was awarded the 2002 North-South Prize by the Council of Europe  In November 2003, du Boisrouvray received the "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the 4th International Conference on AIDS in India, in recognition for the projects that she initiated in the 35 States and Territories of India  In 2007, the French Fédération nationale des Clubs Convergences gave her an award for her activities on behalf of orphans and vulnerable children affected by AIDS in the world 
In 2004, Albina received the Thai Komol Keemthong Foundation Award for Outstanding Personality for the year 2004  The award was given in appreciation of her contributions to Thailand and Burma in the fields of protecting children and women's rights, education, vocational training and support of HIV/AIDS-affected children and their families In April 2009, French President Nicolas Sarkozy presented du Boisrouvray with the insignia of Officer in l'Ordre National du Mérite  The President honoured Albina and her work, saying "Your NGO is a model throughout the world  You are a woman involved  Your solidarity is exemplary and that is why the Republic will distinguish you " She is the first film producer to be awarded L'Ordre National du Mérite  In June 2009, du Boisrouvray received the BNP Paribas Jury's Special Prize 
In 2013, the Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) awarded du Boisrouvray their KISS Humanitarian Award which recognizes individuals with exceptionally high contribution to society and who have distinguished themselves as humanitarians 

Personal life
Du Boisrouvray was married twice, first to Swiss aviator Bruno Bagnoud and second to French film producer Georges Casati, whom she divorced in 1982  She met Bagnoud while living in Valais  They were married for four years and had one son together, François-Xavier Bagnoud, born in 1961 She lives in Portugal, near Lisbon, part of the year and has homes in Paris, New York and Switzerland 
Passage 8:
Diana Weston
Diana Weston (born 13 November 1953) is a Canadian-British actress who has been on British television since 1975  She is a grandchild of Charles Basil Price 

Biography
Career
Weston's first role was in a 1975 episode of Thriller, and parts in Raffles, The Sweeney, The Professionals, Agony, Shoestring and Bless Me, Father soon followed  She also appeared in the video for the 1984 Ultravox hit single Dancing with Tears in My Eyes  Since the late 1980s, she has appeared in The New Statesman, Boon, A Bit of a Do, About Face, Nightingales, Jonathan Creek, Casualty, Emmerdale, My Family, New Tricks and a main role in the 2000 sitcom Pay and Display However, it is for the role of Caroline in the sitcom The Upper Hand that she is best known, starring alongside Joe McGann and Honor Blackman, with the show being produced for ITV from 1990 to 1996 

Filmography
Film
Television
Personal life
Diana Weston had a long relationship with the actor Robert Lindsay, and they had one daughter, Sydney (born 1988), who has also made television appearances  She and Lindsay separated after he started a relationship with actress/presenter Rosemarie Ford, although she continued to work with him on occasion 
Passage 9:
Merlin Holland
Christopher Merlin Vyvyan Holland (born December 1945) is a British biographer and editor  He is the only grandchild of Oscar Wilde, whose life he has researched and written about extensively 

Biography
Born in London in December 1945, Christopher Merlin Vyvyan Holland is the son of the author Vyvyan Holland and his second wife, Thelma Besant  He is the only grandchild of Oscar Wilde and Constance Lloyd His mother Thelma was an Australian cosmetician who became the personal beauty adviser to Queen Elizabeth II for about 10 years from the mid-1940s  His paternal grandmother, Constance, had changed her and her children's surname to Holland (an old family name) in 1895, after Wilde had been convicted of homosexual acts and imprisoned, in order to gain some privacy for the boys and distance from the scandal 

Work
Holland has studied and researched Wilde's life for more than thirty years  He is the co-editor, with Rupert Hart-Davis, of The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde  He is the editor of Irish Peacock and Scarlet Marquess, the first uncensored version of his grandfather's 1895 trials   (The book is titled The Real Trial of Oscar Wilde for release in the US )Holland has criticised Richard Ellmann's 1987 biography, Oscar Wilde, as inaccurate, particularly his claim that Wilde had syphilis and transmitted it to Constance  According to The Guardian, Holland has  "unearthed medical evidence within private family letters, which has enabled a doctor to determine the likely cause of Constance's death  The letters reveal symptoms nowadays associated with multiple sclerosis but apparently wrongly diagnosed by her two doctors  One, an unnamed German 'nerve doctor', resorted to dubious remedies and the other, Luigi Maria Bossi, conducted a botched operation that days later claimed her life "Holland has also written The Wilde Album, a small volume that included hitherto unpublished photographs of Wilde  The book focuses on how the scandal caused by Wilde's trials affected his family, most notably his wife, Constance, and their children, Cyril and Vyvyan   
In 2006, his book Oscar Wilde: A Life in Letters was published, and his volume Coffee with Oscar Wilde, an imagined conversation with Wilde, was released in the autumn of 2007  Holland also wrote A Portrait of Oscar Wilde (2008), which reveals Wilde through manuscripts and letters from the Lucia Moreira Salles collection, located at The Morgan Library & Museum in New York City In addition, Holland has also worked as a wine writer and occasionally written features for Country Life, and The Oldie In July 2013, Holland gave the keynote address for a symposium on Oscar Wilde presented by The Santa Fe Opera  The address surveyed the popular and critical attitudes towards Wilde and his work from the end of his life to the present day  The symposium was given in conjunction with the opera company's world premiere presentations of Oscar, composed by Theodore Morrison with a libretto written by John Cox and the composer Holland's play The Trials of Oscar Wilde, co-authored with John O'Connor and re-enacting the 1895 trials of Lord Queensberry for libel and Oscar Wilde for gross indecency, toured the United Kingdom in 2014 in a production by the European Arts Company 

Personal life
Holland lives in Burgundy, France, with his second wife  His son, Lucian Holland (born 1979 to Merlin's first wife Sarah), studied classics at Magdalen College  He occupied rooms that his great-grandfather Wilde had occupied  He is a computer programmer, living in London Merlin Holland briefly toyed with the idea of changing his name back to Wilde  He told The New York Times in 1998, “But if I did it, it would have to be not just for Oscar, but for his father and mother, too, for the whole family  It was an extraordinary family before he came along, so if I put the family name back on the map for the right reasons, then it's all right ”

Published works
1998 – The Wilde Album
2003 – Irish Peacock and Scarlet Marquess: The Real Trial of Oscar Wilde
2004 – The Real Trial of Oscar Wilde
Passage 10:
Princess Elizabeth of Great Britain
Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Great Britain (10 January 1741 – 4 September 1759) was one of the children of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha  She was a granddaughter of King George II and sister of King George III 

Life
Princess Elizabeth was born at Norfolk House, St James's Square, Westminster  Her father was The Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King George II and Caroline of Ansbach  Her mother was The Princess of Wales (née Augusta of Saxe-Gotha)  She was christened twenty-five days later at Norfolk House, by The Bishop of Oxford, Thomas Secker — her godparents were The Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (her first cousin once-removed by marriage; for whom The Lord Baltimore (Gentleman of the Bedchamber to her father) stood proxy), The Queen of Denmark (for whom Anne, Viscountess Irwin stood proxy) and the Duchess of Saxe-Gotha (her maternal aunt by marriage, for whom Lady Jane Hamilton stood proxy) Little is known of her short life other than a fragment preserved in the Letters of Walpole 

We have lost another Princess, Lady Elizabeth   She died of an inflammation in her bowels in two days   Her figure was so very unfortunate, that it would have been difficult for her to be happy, but her parts and application were extraordinary   I saw her act in "Cato" at eight years old, (when she could not stand alone, but was forced to lean against the side-scene,) better than any of her brothers and sisters   She had been so unhealthy, that at that age she had not been taught to read, but had learned the part of Lucia by hearing the others study their parts  She went to her father and mother, and begged she might act  They put her off as gently as they could—she desired leave to repeat her part, and when she did, it was with so much sense, that there was no denying her 
She died on 4 September 1759 at Kew Palace, London and was buried at Westminster Abbey 

Ancestors
See also
List of British princesses



ground_truth: John the Baptist