prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the date of birth of William Paulet, 3Rd Marquess Of Winchester's father?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Henry, Lord Paulet
Lord Henry Paulet (1602–1672) was an English courtier who sat briefly in the House of Commons in the 2nd Parliament of Charles I, from February to June 1626  
Paulet was a son of William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester  On 6 March 1618, he was admitted to Peterhouse, Cambridge  He was created Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of Charles I and was of Amport, Hampshire  In 1626, he was elected as one of the two members of parliament for Andover Paulet married Lucy Philpot, a daughter of Sir George Philpot  Their son Francis was the grandfather of the twelfth Marquess of Winchester 
Passage 2:
Lewis Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Huntly
Lewis Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Huntly (c  1626–1653) was a Scottish nobleman 
He was the third son of George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly 

Biography
Born when his father was commander of the Garde Écossaise, he was named after Louis XIII of France, and brought up until the age of ten by his grandfather, George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly  From an early age, he showed himself to be a reckless romantic – while still a child, he stole some jewels and attempted to take ship to Holland, presumably to join the army  When he was thirteen, the First Bishops' War broke out, and the young nobleman sneaked out of Gordon Castle (one account says he climbed over the wall) and hurried to the Highlands, where he raised a brigade of clansmen from his father's estates to fight the Covenanters  His first experience of war was at Megray Hill, where his Highlanders scattered in the face of enemy cannon fire 
Following the peace, Lord Lewis travelled to France, where he enlisted as an ordinary pikeman in an infantry regiment, in order to learn his soldiering from the ground up  After three years, he traveled to England, working his way north by serving on both sides in the English Civil War, first in the royalist army and then in the Scottish Covenanter forces of his uncle, the Earl of Argyll, the same army he had fought against in 1639 
Eventually returning home, the sixteen-year-old nobleman seduced and married the fiancée of his absent elder brother, Viscount Aboyne  He served on both sides in the Scottish Civil War, playing an important role in his father's occupation of Aberdeen in 1646, where he engaged an enemy cavalry commander in single combat and then storming the town  Going into exile after the defeat of the royalists, he traveled again to France; in rapid succession, he succeeded his brother and father as Earl of Enzie and Marquess of Gordon, and by 1651, he was allowed to return to Scotland, even though he refused to conform to the Presbyterian Church of Scotland (he was probably a Roman Catholic) 
In 1645 Lord Lewis attacked Brodie Castle in Moray and setting it afire destroyed important archives and documents detailing the origins of the illustrious Clan Brodie  This despicable act secured Clan Brodie's place among the great mysteries of Scotland 
He died aged 26 or 27, leaving a young widow (whom he had apparently converted to Catholicism), three daughters, and a four-year-old son who would eventually become the 1st Duke of Gordon  Miles Gourdon, a cavalry commander in the French army known as the chevalier or count of "Crolis", was perhaps an illegitimate son, as he is said to have been a brother of the duke His reputation among historians has varied; he is the clearest hero in the Civil War narrative of his kinsman Patrick Gordon of Ruthven, while John Buchan regarded him as wild and headstrong to the point of insanity 
Passage 3:
Christopher Lambert (MP)
Christopher Lambert, of Winchester, Hampshire, was an English politician 
He was the second son of William Lambert of Winchester and a servant of Sir William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester 
Lambert was a Member of Parliament for Bridport in 1593 
Passage 4:
William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester
William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester  (c  1532 – 24 November 1598) was an English nobleman, the son of John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester and his first wife, Elizabeth Willoughby  His maternal grandfather was Robert Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke 
He was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Mary I on 30 November 1553 

Career
The offices he held during his career included:
Justice of the Peace, Hampshire from c 1559
Sheriff of Hampshire 1560–61
Justice of the Peace, Dorset from 1564
Commissioner for the Musters, Dorset 1569
High Steward, Dorchester by 1570
Joint Lord Lieutenant of Dorset 1569 and 1585/6-98
Member of Parliament for Dorset 1571
Joint Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1585
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1585–86
Lord High Steward for the funeral of Mary, Queen of Scots, 1 August 1587
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1596
Commissioner for Ecclesiastical Causes, Diocese of Winchester 1597Paulet was summoned to Parliament on 5 May 1572 in his father's Barony of St John  He succeeded his father as 3rd Marquess of Winchester on 4 November 1576  During October 1586, he was one of the judges at the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, later acting as Lord High Steward at her funeral on 1 August 1587 
He is known as the author of The Lord Marquess Idleness, a remarkable and most ingenious acrostic of six Latin verses  It was published in 1586 and 1587 

Marriage and issue
Between 20 June 1544 and 10 February 1547/1548 he married Anne or Agnes Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham and his first wife, Katherine Broughton and had issue:
William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester, died 4 February 1629, married Lucy Cecil, daughter of Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter
Anne Paulet, born 1552, married Sir Thomas Denys (modern spelling: Dennis), of Holcombe Burnell, Devon; grandparents of the prodigy Denys Rolle
Katherine Paulet, married Sir Giles Wroughton
Elizabeth Paulet, married Sir Edward HobyThe marriage was not a happy one, and the couple were only reconciled, on one occasion, by Elizabeth I's intervention Paulet also had children with his recognised mistress Jane Lambert, who later married the much younger Sir Gerrard Fleetwood:
Sir William Paulet, died 1628, lawyer, London, later of Edington, Wiltshire  High Sheriff of Wiltshire 1613, married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Seymour
Sir John Paulet, lawyer, Winchester, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Stump
Sir Hercules Paulet, born 1574, married Bridgett, daughter of Sir Henry Gifford
Hector Paulet, born 1578, married Joan Butler
Susan or Susanna Paulet, married firstly Thomas Kirkby and secondly Launcelott Warnfford

Death
He died on 24 November 1598 and was buried at Basing, Hampshire  His widow, Anne Paulet, died on 18 November 1601  The date of Jane Lambert's death is not recorded 
Passage 5:
William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester
William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester  (bef  1560 – 4 February 1629) was an English nobleman, the son of William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester and Anne or Agnes Howard  He was styled Lord St  John from 1576 to 1598  He was summoned to Parliament on 16 January 1581 in his father's barony as Lord St  John  On 24 November 1598, he succeeded his father as 4th Marquess of Winchester  Paulet experienced great financial difficulties arising from his magnificent style of living and his lavish entertainment of Elizabeth I at Basing House 

Marriage and issue
On 28 February 1587 at St Martin-in-the-Fields, he married Lady Lucy Cecil, daughter of Sir Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter and his first wife, Dorothy Neville  Lucy and William had six children:
William Paulet, Lord St John (1587/8–1621), married Mary Browne, daughter of Anthony-Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montagu
Thomas Paulet, died before 1621
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester (c 1598–5 March 1675) married three times:
Jane Savage, daughter of Thomas Savage, 1st Viscount Savage
Honora de Burgh, daughter of Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde
Isabel Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford and Mary Stafford
Lord Henry Paulet, of Amport, married Lucy Philpot, daughter of Sir George Philpot of Thruxton
Charles Paulet, died c 1654, had issue
Edward PauletHis wife, Lucy, was treated for cancer in 1614 by the court physician Théodore de Mayerne  She died 1 October 1614 and was buried a month later in the Cecil vault in Westminster Abbey 

Death
William Paulet died at Hackwood, near Basingstoke, on 4 February 1629, and was buried at Basing, Hampshire 

Footnotes
Sources
External links
William Paulet, Marquess of Winchester Family tree
History of Basing House
Passage 6:
Archibald Kennedy, 3rd Marquess of Ailsa
Archibald Kennedy, 3rd Marquess of Ailsa (1 September 1847 – 9 April 1938) was a Scottish peer 

Early life
Archibald was born on 1 September 1847, the eldest of three sons born to Julia (née Jephson), Marchioness of Ailsa, and Archibald Kennedy, 2nd Marquess of Ailsa  Among his siblings was Maj Lord Alexander Kennedy, Lord John Kennedy, Lady Julia Alice Kennedy, Lady Evelyn Anne Kennedy, and Lady Constance Eleanor Kennedy His father was the eldest son of Archibald Kennedy, Earl of Cassilis, himself the oldest son of Archibald Kennedy, 1st Marquess of Ailsa   His mother was the second daughter of Sir Richard Jephson, 1st Baronet and the former Charlotte Rochfort Smith 

Career
As a young man, he served as an officer in the Coldstream Guards  In 1885, he founded the Ailsa Shipbuilding Company, which was based in Troon and Ayr, Ayrshire 

Peerage
Upon the death of his father on 20 March 1870, he succeeded to the titles of 14th Earl of Cassilis, 16th Lord Kennedy, 3rd Marquess of Ailsa and 3rd Baron Ailsa  Along with the title came 76,000 acres in Ayrshire  He held the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Ayrshire between 1919 and 1937 

Personal life
Lord Ailsa was twice married  His first marriage took place on 7 March 1871 to Hon  Evelyn Stuart, daughter of Charles Stuart, 12th Lord Blantyre and Lady Evelyn Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (herself a daughter of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland)  Together, they were the parents of five children:
Archibald Kennedy, 4th Marquess of Ailsa (1872–1943), who married Frances Stewart, daughter of Sir Mark MacTaggart-Stewart, 1st Baronet 
Charles Kennedy, 5th Marquess of Ailsa (1875–1956), who married Constance Clarke, widow of Sir John Baird 
Lady Evelyn Kennedy (1876–1886), who died young 
Lady Aline Kennedy (1877–1957), who married John Edward Browne, 5th Baron Kilmaine (1878–1946) in 1901 
Angus Kennedy, 6th Marquess of Ailsa (1882–1957), who married Gertrude Millicent Cooper He married secondly on 3 November 1891 to Isabella MacMaster, the only daughter of Hugh MacMaster, a market gardener of Kausani, India  Together, they had two more children:
Lt -Col  Lord Hugh Kennedy (1895–1970), who married Katharine Louisa Clare Atherton, daughter of Francis Henry Atherton 
Lady Marjory Kennedy (b  1898), who married Sir Laurence Pierce Brooke Merriam, MC Lord Ailsa died at his home, Culzean Castle, overlooking the Firth of Clyde where he was known as one of the foremost floriculturists, on 9 April 1938 

Sailing
He was a keen sailor, having studied navigation, and had William Fife build him Foxhound in 1870, Bloodhound in 1874 and Sleuthhound in 1881  He had his own shipyard at Culzean Castle, where he built the 5-ton Cocker 
Passage 7:
Richard Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester
Richard Charles Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester (born on 8 July 1905; died 5 March 1968) was the son of Charles Standish Paulet and Lillian Jane Charlotte Fosbery  He was the great-grandson of Lord Charles Paulet, a younger son of the 13th Marquess  He inherited the title from Henry Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester, in 1962  He died unmarried, and the title was passed to his cousin Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester 
Passage 8:
William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester
William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester  (c  1483/1485 – 10 March 1572), styled Lord St John between 1539 and 1550 and Earl of Wiltshire between 1550 and 1551, was an English Lord High Treasurer, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and statesman 

Family origins and early career in Hampshire
Paulet was the eldest son of Sir John Paulet (1460 – 5 January 1525) of Basing Castle in the parish of Old Basing, near Basingstoke in Hampshire, and of Nunney Castle in Somerset (inherited from the Delamere family in 1415), a cadet branch of Paulet of Hinton St George in Somerset  His mother Alice Paulet was his father's second cousin-once-removed the daughter of Sir William Paulet by his wife Elizabeth Denebaud  William had six siblings, including Sir George Paulet of Crondall Manor in Hampshire and Eleanor Paulet (born 1479), wife of William Giffard of Itchell Manor at Ewshot, also in Hampshire 
The family originated at the manor of Paulet (now Pawlett), near Bridgwater in Somerset  The senior branch of the Paulet/Powlet/Poulett family was seated at Hinton St George in Somerset, and had lived in that county since the early thirteenth century; the first Member of Parliament from that line represented Devon in 1385 There is some disagreement over his date of birth, with different authorities quoting 1483 or 1485  A claim that he was ninety-seven at his death would place his birth in 1474 or 1475  There is also uncertainty about where he was born, but it may have been at Fisherton Delamere in Wiltshire, one of his father's manors His father, who had held a command against the Cornish rebels in 1497, was the head of the branch seated at Paulet and Road, close to Bridgwater, being the son of John Paulet and Elizabeth Roos  William's great-grandfather John Paulet acquired the Hampshire estates by his marriage with Constance Poynings, granddaughter and coheiress of Thomas Poynings, 5th Baron St John of Basing; his barony became abeyant upon his death in 1428/1429 
William Paulet was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1512, 1519, 1523, and again in 1527  Knighted before the end of 1525, he was appointed Master of the King's Wards in November 1526 and appeared in the Privy Council in the same year 

Marriage and issue
He married Elizabeth (d  25 December 1558), daughter of Sir William Capel, Lord Mayor of London in 1503, and by her had four sons and four daughters:
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester
Thomas
Chidiock Paulet (also spelled Chidiok, Chediok, Chidieok, or Chidiock), governor of Southampton under Mary and Elizabeth
Giles
Alice, married Richard Stawell, of Cotherston, Somerset
Margaret, married Sir William Berkeley
Margery, married Sir Richard Waller, of Oldstoke, Hampshire
Eleanor (died 26 September 1558), married Sir Richard Pecksall (died 1571) of Beaurepaire, Hampshire, hereditary Master of the Buckhounds 

Career as a national statesman
During his long career Paulet held numerous offices, which included:
High Sheriff of Hampshire 1511–12, 1518–19 and 1522–23
Joint Master of the King's Wards 1526–34 and sole Master of the King's Wards 1534–40
Member of Parliament for Hampshire 1529–36
Comptroller of the Household 1532–37
Keeper of Pamber Forest 1535/6
Treasurer of the Household 1537–38/9
Master of the King's Woods 1541
Master of the Court of Wards 1540–42
Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries 1542–54
Privy Counsellor 1542
Lord Chamberlain of the Household 1543–45
Lord Steward of the Household 1545-1549/50
Chief Justice in Eyre, South of Trent 1545–49/50
Lord President of the Council 1546–49
Joint Governor of King Edward VI
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 1547
Keeper and Captain of St Andrew's Castle, Hamble 1547–71/2
Keeper of Alice Holt and Woolmer Forests 1548–71/2
Lord High Treasurer 1549/50–71/2
Lord High Steward for the trial of the Duke of Somerset 1551
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1552, 1553 and 1559
Lieutenant of the forces in London 1558
Speaker of the House of Lords 1558 and 1566
Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Middlesex 1569
Joint Lord Lieutenant of London 1569Paulet's political career began in 1529, when he was elected knight of the shire for Hampshire  In 1532, he accompanied King Henry VIII to Calais, France, and the following spring, he accompanied the Duke of Norfolk to join King Francis I of France in a proposed audience with the Pope, to discuss Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon  In 1536, he was granted the keepership of Pamber Forest, and on 9 March 1539 was created Baron St John  He became steward of the bishopric of Winchester, and became a close associate of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey and a friend of Thomas Cromwell  He was also Comptroller of the Royal Household, and held many other high positions 
In 1535 and 1536, he served as one of the judges for the trials of John Fisher, Sir Thomas More, and the alleged accomplices of Anne Boleyn; in 1535, he became Lord Chamberlain  He partially led the royal forces against the Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion that broke out in the autumn of 1536, and in 1538, he became Treasurer of the Household  In 1540, he became the master of Henry's Court of Wards and Liveries, a Knight of the Garter in 1543, and Governor of Portsmouth and Lord Steward of the Household in 1545  In 1546, he became Lord President of the Council, and in 1547, he was an executor of the will of King Henry VIII He continued his political manoeuvres in 1549 by supporting the Earl of Warwick against the Duke of Somerset—in reward, on 19 January 1550 he was given the Earldom of Wiltshire and Somerset's position of Lord Treasurer  In the following month Warwick took over the post of Lord President of the Council  When Warwick was created Duke of Northumberland on 11 October 1551, Paulet received the Marquessate of Winchester  Six weeks later, he served as Lord High Steward in the Duke of Somerset's trial 
It was said that Northumberland and Winchester "ruled the court" of the minor King Edward VI  Mary I affirmed him in all of his positions  After her death, he remained Lord Treasurer and retained many of his other positions, and even at an advanced age (in 1559, he was over seventy years old), he showed no signs of declining—he was Speaker of the House of Lords in 1559 and 1566  He remained in good standing with the English monarchs—Queen Elizabeth once joked, "for, by my troth, if my lord treasurer were but a young man, I could find it in my heart to have him for a husband before any man in England " Late in life, he opposed any military support of Continental Protestantism, as he feared it would cause a breach with strongly Catholic Spain 
Paulet enjoyed a remarkably long career during the Reformation  Starting out as a Catholic, he was quickly persuaded to see things Henry's way once the breach with Rome had been decided on  He was rewarded with former Church properties following the dissolution of the monasteries  Under Edward VI he became an evangelical Protestant and persecuted Roman Catholics and Henrician Conservatives alike  On the accession of the Catholic Mary he announced his reconversion and commenced persecuting his former Protestant co-religionists, even denouncing Bishop Bonner for "laxity in prosecuting the heretics " His wife also found favour with Mary  On Tuesday 21 August 1554, when Mary went into Westminster Abbey her train was carried by Elizabeth, Marchioness of Winchester and Anne of Cleves On Elizabeth's succession, he once again shifted his sails and became an advocate of middle-road Anglicanism  All in all, he professed five changes in religious course  Once, when asked how he managed to survive so many storms, not only unhurt, but rising all the while, Paulet answered: "By being a willow, not an oak" 

Death
Paulet was still in office when he died on 10 March 1572, a very old man, at Basing House, which he held to rebuild and fortify  His tomb is on the south side of the chancel of Basing church 
Passage 9:
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester
John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester (c  1598 – 5 March 1675), styled Lord John Paulet until 1621 and Lord St John from 1621 to 1628, was the third but eldest surviving son of William Paulet and his successor as 5th Marquess of Winchester 

Life
He kept terms at Exeter College, Oxford, but as a Roman Catholic could not matriculate  He sat for St Ives from 1620 to 1622  Staying away to recover his family fortune for most of the 1630s, he returned and presented himself to the court and the king in 1639  The fifth Marquess and the Queen became firm friends thereafter, and therefore his chief seat, Basing House, was the great resort of Queen Henrietta Maria's friends in southwest England On the outbreak of the English Civil War, he fortified and garrisoned Basing House and held it for Charles I during 1643 and 1644  The siege of Basing House, notwithstanding an attempt of his youngest brother, Lord Edward Paulet, to deliver it up to the enemy, lasted from August 1643 to 16 October 1645, when, during the general decline of the Royal cause, it was taken by storm, after a determined defence, by Oliver Cromwell  The brutality with which the house was sacked was most unusual, as atrocities against civilians during the Civil War were rare and generally discouraged by both sides: the explanation may be the presence of a number of Catholic priests among the defenders  Paulet was subsequently renowned as a great loyalist The Marquess was made prisoner with such of his garrison as survived the fight; ten pieces of ordnance and much ammunition were also taken by the victors, as Oliver Cromwell himself, who directed the assault, wrote to the Speaker He was committed to the Tower of London on a charge of high treason in 1645, where he remained a long time; an order was made for allowing him 5l  a week out of his property on 15 Jan 1646  Lady Winchester, who had escaped from Basing two days before its fall, was sent to join her husband in the Tower on 31 Jan, and a weekly sum of 10l , afterwards increased to 15l , was ordered to be paid her for the support of herself and her children, with the stipulation that the latter were to be educated as Protestants  An ordinance for the sale of Winchester's land was passed on 30 Oct, and by the act of 16 July 1651, a portion was sold by the trustees for the sale of forfeited estates  On 7 September 1647 Winchester was allowed to drink the waters at Epsom, and stayed there by permission of parliament for nearly six months  The House of Lords on 30 June 1648 urged the commons to release him on bail in consideration of his bad health  In the propositions sent to the king at the Isle of Wight on 13 October, it was expressly stipulated that Winchester's name be excepted from pardon  Ultimately the commons resolved on 14 March 1649 not to proceed against him for high treason, but they ordered him to be detained in prison and excepted from any composition for his estate  In January 1656 he was a prisoner in execution in the upper bench for debts amounting to 2,000l , and he petitioned Cromwell for relief  The sale of his lands was discontinued by order of parliament on 15 March 1660, and after the Restoration Winchester received them back  It was proposed on 3 August 1660 to recompense him for his losses to the amount of 19,000l  and damages, subsequently reduced to 10,000l , and this was agreed to on 2 July 1661  In the event he was allowed to go unrecompensed at the Restoration of the Monarchy, but regained his lands 

Marriages and issue
He married as his first wife:
Jane Savage, daughter of Thomas Savage, 1st Viscount Savage of Rocksavage, on 18 December 1622, and by her had a son:Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton, born c  1630
Jane died in childbirth in 1631, prompting an epitaph by John MiltonHe married as his second wife:

Honora de Burgh, born c  1605, daughter of Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde and Frances Walsingham, in around 1645 and by her, had a daughter:Anne, died c  September 1694, married John Belasyse, 1st Baron BelasyseHe married as his third wife:

Isabel Howard, daughter of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford and Mary Stafford, sister of the 5th Baron Stafford, in 1669 

Death
He retired to Englefield House in Berkshire, which was a wedding gift from his second marriage to Lady Honora de Burgh in the early 1630s  He died on 5 March 1674 and was buried at Englefield, Berkshire  Paulet was succeeded, by his eldest son, Charles Paulet, as 6th Marquess of Winchester, later created 1st Duke of Bolton  Charles converted to the Church of England, a great blow to the Roman Catholic community of Hampshire, who had for many years looked to the Paulet family to shield them from the worst rigours of the Penal Laws 

Footnotes
Attribution This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage" by Edmund Lodge (1859)
 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Goodwin, Gordon (1895)  "Paulet, John"    In Lee, Sidney (ed )  Dictionary of National Biography  Vol  44  London: Smith, Elder & Co  pp  90–92 

Sources
External links
John Paulet, Marquess of Winchester A family tree
Royal Berkshire History: John Paulet
Portraits of John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester at the National Portrait Gallery, London 
John Paulet
History of Basing House
Passage 10:
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester (c  1510 – 4 November 1576), styled The Honourable John Paulet between 1539 and 1550, Lord St John between 1550 and 1551 and Earl of Wiltshire between 1551 and 1555, was an English peer  He was the eldest son of William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester and Elizabeth Capel 

Career
John Paulet was knighted by Henry VIII at Boulogne on 30 September 1544  After the death of Edward VI he was (with his father) one of the signatories to the settlement of the Crown on Lady Jane Grey of 16 June 1553, although he later changed his allegiance to Queen Mary  He was styled Lord St John from 1550 to 1572  He was summoned to Parliament on 3 October 1554 in one of his father's baronies as Lord St John  He was one of the Peers at the trial of the Duke of Norfolk on 16 January 1572  He succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester on 10 March 1572 The offices he held during his career included:
High Sheriff of Hampshire 1533–34
High Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset 1543–44
Steward of Canford castle 1549/50
Constable of Corfe Castle 1549/50
Lord Lieutenant of Dorset 1557
Governor of the Isle of Wight 1558
Keeper of St Andrew's Castle, Hamble 1572–1576

Marriages and issue
Paulet was married three times:
He married as his first wife, by 20 October 1528, Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke by his second wife, Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, and by her had four sons and two daughters:William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester (c  1532 – 24 November 1598)
George Paulet
Richard Paulet
Thomas Paulet
Elizabeth Paulet, married firstly Sir William Courtenay of Powderham and secondly Sir Henry Ughtred
Mary Paulet (died 10 October 1592), married Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron CromwellHe married secondly, between 10 March and 24 April 1554, Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth, and widow of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell 
He married thirdly, before 30 September 1568, Winifred, widow of Sir Richard Sackville, and daughter of John Brydges, a former Lord Mayor of London  He succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester in 1572 

Death
John Paulet died at Chelsea on 4 November 1576 and was buried in St  Mary's Church, Basing, Hampshire  His widow, Winifred, died at Chelsea in 1586 and was buried in Westminster Abbey 



ground_truth: 1510

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the cause of death of Constantia Eriksdotter's father?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Michael Jai White
Michael Jai White (born November 10, 1964) is an American actor, director and martial artist  He was the first African American to portray a major comic book superhero in a major motion picture, starring as Al Simmons, the protagonist in the 1997 film Spawn  White appeared as Marcus Williams in the Tyler Perry films Why Did I Get Married? and Why Did I Get Married Too?, and starred as the character on the TBS/OWN comedy-drama television series Tyler Perry's For Better or Worse  White portrayed Jax Briggs in Mortal Kombat: Legacy and the Cyborg Seth in Universal Soldier: The Return  He portrayed boxer Mike Tyson in the 1995 HBO television film Tyson  He also played the title role in the blaxploitation parody film Black Dynamite, as well as the animated series of the same name 

Early life
White is a martial artist in nine different styles: Shōtōkan, Goju-Ryu (for which he studied under Master Eddie Morales where he learned to sharpen his Goju karate technique), Taekwondo, Kobudō, Tang Soo Do, Wushu, Jujutsu, Kyokushin and Boxing, with a specific focus in Kyokushin Karate (although his style incorporates aspects of many different martial arts forms)  White started training in the martial arts at the age of four in Jujutsu  He next took up Shōtōkan and moved on to other styles later  White holds seven legitimate black belts in Kyokushin Karate, Goju-Ryu Karate, Shotokan Karate, Taekwondo, Tang Soo Do, Kobudo, and Wushu 
White is a former special education teacher and taught students with behavioral problems for three years  He cites his history in education as the reason why, despite his personal love for the music genre on "a lot of levels", he cannot "in good [conscience]" have a positive opinion on hip hop or "excuse some of [its] pervasive and destructive elements", mainly due to his experience with youngsters who had difficulty seeing the difference between it and real life 

Acting career
White's first major starring role and breakout performance was in the 1995 HBO film Tyson, as heavyweight boxer Mike Tyson  He portrayed the eponymous character in the 1997 film Spawn, making him the first African American to portray a major comic book superhero in a major motion picture   His work in Spawn earned him a nomination for the Blockbuster Entertainment Award  White starred opposite Jean-Claude Van Damme in Universal Soldier: The Return, in 1999  A few years earlier, he acted in Full Contact, with Jerry Trimble  In 2001, he also starred opposite fellow martial artist Steven Seagal in Exit Wounds  In 2003, he starred in Busta Rhymes and Mariah Carey's music video "I Know What You Want"  Since 2003, in addition to his on screen roles, White has been doing voice work, including in Static Shock and Justice League   White showcases his martial arts skills in the direct-to-DVD film Undisputed II: Last Man Standing  He also appears in Michelle Yeoh's Silver Hawk in 2004  He appeared in Kill Bill: Volume 2, although his role was cut from the theatrical release  His film Why Did I Get Married? opened at number one at the box office on October 12, 2007 
White played the role of the mob boss Gambol in the 2008 film The Dark Knight  He also starred in the film Blood and Bone and the blaxploitation homage Black Dynamite, both released in 2009  White wrote the scripts for both Black Dynamite and his upcoming 3 Bullets in which he stars with Bokeem Woodbine 
On March 30, 2010, White appeared on The Mo'Nique Show to promote his film Why Did I Get Married Too  The two joked about the acclaim that comes with winning an Oscar  In May of that year he appeared in the music video for Toni Braxton's new song "Hands Tied" from her album Pulse, as well as the Nicki Minaj music video for "Your Love" as Nicki's sensei and love interest 
He also starred in Kevin Tancharoen's short film Mortal Kombat: Rebirth, as Jax Briggs, and reprised the role in Mortal Kombat: Legacy, a webseries from the same director  He posted on Twitter that he would not be returning to the role for the second season, but would return for the 2013 film 
White made his directorial debut and starred in Never Back Down 2: The Beatdown, which was released on home video on September 13, 2011 White also provided the voice of Green Lantern in the video game Justice League Heroes In October 2019, White announced the spiritual successor to Black Dynamite titled The Outlaw Johnny Black officially entered pre-production  Despite the Indiegogo campaign not reaching its goal, he was still able to secure enough backers and additional donors to get the project off the ground  It is currently available for pre-order on the official website, although a release date has not been announced or confirmed 
In October 2020, White's latest film Welcome to Sudden Death debuted on Netflix and became one of the most watched films on the platform  The Universal Pictures Home Entertainment release is a remake of the 1995 film Sudden Death starring Jean-Claude Van Damme 
On July 12, 2021, White laid out a vision for starting a film studio in New Haven, CT called "Jaigantic Studios"  He wants to create a studio district on New Haven's Quinnipiac River waterfront 

Personal life
From 2005 to 2011, White was married to Courtenay Chatman and together they have a daughter named Morgan  In addition, White has two sons  In February 2014, White announced his engagement to actress Gillian Iliana Waters  In April 2015, White penned an open letter via Facebook entitled "Apologies to My Ex's", where he credited Waters for helping him become, "the very best version of myself "  In July 2015, White married Waters in Thailand  They appeared together in the martial arts thriller movie Take Back (2021), with Gillian White starring as the female lead In 2014, White was honored with the Fists of Legends Decade Award at the Urban Action Showcase & Expo at HBO  On November 8, 2019, he assumed the "Mantle of The Black Dragon" from Ron van Clief, Don "The Dragon" Wilson, Cynthia Rothrock, and Taimak, in a ceremony at the 2019 Urban Action Showcase & Expo at AMC 25, NYC 

Filmography
Film
Television
Stunts
Video games
Web series
Music videos
Notes
Passage 2:
Sharon Leal
Sharon Ann Leal is an American actress and singer  She is known for her roles in movies such as Dreamgirls (2006), This Christmas (2007), Why Did I Get Married? (2007), Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010) and her roles on the television shows Legacy, Guiding Light and Boston Public 

Early life
Leal was born in Tucson, Arizona  Her mother, Angelita, is Filipina  Her father was an African-American military policeman who broke up with her mother before Sharon was born  Shortly after, her mother married Jesse Leal, a Master Sergeant in the United States Air Force and a police officer at Clark Air Base, Philippines; he legally adopted Sharon 

Career
Leal's career began with the role of Dahlia Crede in the CBS daytime serial Guiding Light   Later, she joined the Broadway company of Rent  Soon after, she was cast as Mimi for the San Francisco leg of the first national tour of Rent  Leal appeared on the 1999 original cast recording of the Off-Broadway musical Bright Lights, Big City alongside Patrick Wilson and Jesse L  Martin  She also appeared on the 2001 cast recording of Making Tracks 
From 2000 to 2004, Leal starred in the Fox prime time TV series Boston Public  She also had a role in the theatrical release Face the Music  She then appeared in a recurring role in the short-lived NBC series LAX, as the wife of airport co-director, Roger de Souza 
In 2006, she co-starred in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical Dreamgirls as Michelle Morris, Effie White's replacement in the pop group The Dreams, with Beyoncé Knowles, Jennifer Hudson, Eddie Murphy and Jamie Foxx  In 2007, Leal was cast in the Tyler Perry production Why Did I Get Married? and This Christmas  In 2010, she starred in Perry's sequel production Why Did I Get Married Too?  She also portrayed the character Vanessa Lodge in the series Hellcats, until it was cancelled in 2011  In 2013, Leal played the supporting role in the movie 1982, which tells a story of a drug addicted mother and a father's fight to protect his daughter 
Leal appears in seasons 2, 3, 5 and 6 of Supergirl as M'gann M'orzz (Megan in human form) 

Personal life
In October 2001, Leal married Bev Land  Their son Kai Miles Land was born in September 2001  The couple divorced in 2009 
Former Guiding Light co-star Yvonna Wright has said that she and Leal are close friends; the two starred together in a community production of Dreamgirls in their hometown 

Filmography
Film and TV Movies
Television
Awards and nominations
Passage 3:
Tasha Smith
Tasha Smith (born February 28, 1971) is an American actress, director and producer  She began her career in a starring role on the NBC comedy series Boston Common (1996–97), and she later appeared in numerous movies and television series 
Smith has appeared in the films The Whole Ten Yards (2004), Daddy's Little Girls (2007), The Longshots (2008), Couples Retreat (2009), and Jumping the Broom (2011)  She starred as Angela Williams in the Tyler Perry films Why Did I Get Married? (2007), its sequel Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010), and on the television series based on the movies, For Better or Worse (2011–2017)  In 2015, she began a recurring role as Carol Holloway on the Fox musical drama series Empire  Later in the same year, Smith made her directorial debut 

Early life and education
Tasha Smith was born on February 28, 1971, in Camden, New Jersey, and was raised by a single mother  She has an identical twin sister Sidra Smith, who currently lives in Harlem  Smith dropped out of Camden High School in her freshman year, and at age 19 moved to California 

Career
Smith made her acting debut with a small role in the comedy film Twin Sitters (1994)  From 1996 to 1997, she starred in the NBC comedy series, Boston Common  Later in 1997, she was cast alongside Tom Arnold in another short-lived comedy series, The Tom Show on The WB  In 2000, she had supporting role in the HBO miniseries, The Corner in which she played a drug addict  In the 2000s, Smith had guest starring roles on The Parkers, Without a Trace, Nip/Tuck, and Girlfriends  She has made number of supporting roles in movies such as Playas Ball (2003), The Whole Ten Yards (2004), and ATL (2006) 
Smith has played roles in multiple Tyler Perry projects  In 2007, she appeared as the main antagonist in the romantic comedy-drama film, Daddy's Little Girls  She played the role of Angela Williams in the Why Did I Get Married? (2007), and its sequel Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010)  The role she later played in the comedy series based on films, Tyler Perry's For Better or Worse 
Smith co-starred alongside Ice Cube and Keke Palmer in the family comedy-drama film, The Longshots (2008)  She had supporting role in the romantic comedy film Couples Retreat (2009), and co-starred alongside Salli Richardson, Nicole Ari Parker and Michael B  Jordan in Pastor Brown (2010)  In 2011, she appeared in the comedy-drama film Jumping the Broom alongside Angela Bassett and Paula Patton, and in 2014, she played a psychotherapist in the erotic thriller, Addicted  In 2014, she also was cast in a recurring role in the Fox drama series Empire as Carol Hardaway, Cookie Lyon's younger sister In 2015, Smith made her directorial debut with the short film Boxed in, which premiered during the 19th Annual American Black Film Festival  In 2017, Smith directed the television film When Love Kills: The Falicia Blakely Story, starring Lil Mama and Lance Gross, based on a true story  It premiered to 1 6 million viewers, ranking as TV One's #1 original movie premiere of all time among all key demos  In October 2017, she also directed an episode in the BET drama anthology series Tales  Smith worked as Mary J  Blige's acting coach for her role in Mudbound In 2019, Smith appeared in the comedy-drama film Dolemite Is My Name, and starred opposite Lisa Kudrow and Whitney Cummings in the Amazon comedy pilot Good People  Also that year, she directed episodes of Star, 9-1-1 and Black Lightning  In 2020, Smith directed the episode "Legacy" on the Starz TV series P-Valley  In 2021, Smith directed the Starz drama series Black Mafia Family In 2022, it was announced that Smith will be starring in the Lee Daniels' horror/thriller The Deliverance with Mo'Nique, Andra Day, Omar Epps, and Miss Lawrence 

Personal life
In December 2010, Smith married her boyfriend of one-year Keith Douglas, who was also her manager  In November 2014, Smith appeared in court to request a restraining order against Douglas  In documents filed prior to the court appearance, she accused him of having affairs with other women  Smith's friend Tisha Campbell-Martin acted as a character witness  The final divorce decree was issued in March 2015  However, Smith contested the divorce by alleging that Douglas concealed information from her that she should have known before the marriage  Smith alleged that Douglas was not "man of the cloth" that he presented himself to be during their courtship  She also said that, if she had known about Douglas' background, she would not have married him  The allegations about Douglas' background included five marriages before he married Smith, multiple children that he did not claim and disclose to Smith, and non-payment of income taxes for nearly a decade  The judge in the case granted Smith an annulment of the marriage in December 2015 on the basis of fraud committed by Douglas In an interview with D L  Hughley in 2014, Tasha Smith shared that during most of her teenage years and young adulthood she was an atheist, despite her family being devout religious Christians, because of the "hardships, tragedies, and misfortune she saw her family endure throughout her childhood " However, she said after learning that one of her family members had gotten very sick and was not able to visit them at the hospital, she decided to turn to prayer "and ask God to show himself to her and help her unbelief " After doing so, she says that she became a devout, practicing Christian and uses her Christian faith as one of her motivators for her career and philanthropy Smith is the creator of TSAW - an actor's workshop that empowers and inspires performers at various stages in their careers with focus on the Black community 

Filmography
Film
Television
Directing
Passage 4:
Ilir Hoxha
Ilir Hoxha (born 31 March 1949) is an Albanian politician  He is one of the sons of former Albanian leader Enver Hoxha  Ilir was imprisoned in 1995, but was released in 1996  Ilir has been called in to testify several times in an attempt to disclose secrets from the previous communist era  Ilir wrote a memoir in 1995 called "My Father, Enver Hoxha"  The article recounts Ilir's memories of his father's death, the impact it had on the family, his mother's struggles, and also the investigation and prosecution that was conducted on him after his father's death 
During the 2005 election campaign in Albania, Ilir campaigned for candidates of the Party of Labour of Albania 
Passage 5:
Lamman Rucker
Lamman Rucker  (born October 6, 1971) is an American actor  Rucker began his career on the daytime soap operas As the World Turns and All My Children, before roles in The Temptations, Tyler Perry's films Why Did I Get Married?, Why Did I Get Married Too?, and Meet the Browns, and its television adaptation  In 2016, he began starring as Jacob Greenleaf in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, Greenleaf  Rucker is married to Kelly Davis Rucker, a graduate of Hampton University  As of 2022, he stars in BET+ drama The Black Hamptons 

Early life
Rucker was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Malaya (née Ray) and Eric Rucker  He has partial ancestry from Barbados  Rucker spent his formative years in the greater Washington, DC, Maryland area  He first had an interest in acting after he was placed in many child pageants   His first acting role was as Martin Luther King in the 4th grade  He was in the drama club in 7th grade and then attended high school at the Duke Ellington School of the Arts in Washington, D C  Rucker studied at Carnegie-Mellon University and Duquesne University On August 29, 2019, he shared personal life experiences that he credits for his success with the Hampton University football team 

Career
His major role came in 2002 when he assumed the role of attorney T  Marshall Travers on the CBS daytime soap opera As the World Turns opposite Tamara Tunie  He left the series the following year and portrayed Garret Williams on ABC soap opera All My Children in 2005  He also had the recurring roles on the UPN sitcoms All of Us and Half & Half 
Rucker is best known for his roles in the Tyler Perry's films  He co-starred in Why Did I Get Married? (2007) and  Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010)  He played Will Brown in 2008 film Meet The Browns  He later had a starring role on Perry's sitcom Meet the Browns reprising his role as Will from 2009 to 2011  The following year after Meet the Browns, Rucker was cast in the male lead role opposite Anne Heche in the NBC comedy series Save Me, but left after pilot episode  He later had roles in a number of small movies and TV movies  Rucker also had regular role opposite Mena Suvari in the short-lived WE tv drama series, South of Hell In 2015, Rucker was cast as one of leads in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, Greenleaf  He plays Jacob Greenleaf, the eldest son of Lynn Whitfield' and Keith David's characters 

Filmography
Film
Television
Award nominations
Passage 6:
Richard T  Jones
Richard Timothy Jones (born January 16, 1972) is an American actor  He has worked extensively in both film and television productions since the early 1990s  His television roles include Ally McBeal (1997), Judging Amy (1998–2005), CSI: Miami (2006), Girlfriends (2007), Grey's Anatomy (2010), Hawaii Five-0 (2011–2014), Narcos (2015), and Criminal Minds (2017)  Since 2018, he has played Police Sergeant Wade Grey on the ABC police drama The Rookie His film roles include portrayals of Lamont Carr in Disney's Full Court Miracle (2003), Laveinio "Slim" Hightower in Rick Famuyiwa's coming-of-age film The Wood (1999), Mike in Tyler Perry's dramatic films Why Did I Get Married? (2007) and Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010), and Captain Russell Hampton in the Hollywood blockbuster Godzilla (2014) 

Early life
Jones was born in Kobe, Japan, to American parents and grew up in Carson, California  He is the son of Lorene, a computer analyst, and Clarence Jones, a professional baseball player who at the time of Jones' birth was playing for the Nankai Hawks in Osaka  He has an older brother, Clarence Jones Jr , who works as a high school basketball coach  They would return to North America after Clarence's retirement following the 1978 season  His parents later divorced  Jones attended Bishop Montgomery High School in Torrance, California, then graduated from Tuskegee University 

Career
Since the early 1990s, Jones has worked in both film and television productions His first television role was in a 1993 episode of the series California Dreams  That same year, he appeared as Ike Turner, Jr  in What's Love Got to Do with It  From 1999 to 2005, he starred as Bruce Calvin van Exel in the CBS legal drama series Judging Amy Over the next two decades, Jones starred or guest-starred in high-profile television series such as Ally McBeal (1997), CSI: Miami (2006), Girlfriends (2007), Grey's Anatomy (2010), Hawaii Five-0 (2011–2014), Narcos (2015), and Criminal Minds (2017) His film roles include portrayals of Lamont Carr in the Disney film Full Court Miracle (2003), Laveinio "Slim" Hightower in Rick Famuyiwa's coming-of-age film The Wood (1999), and Mike in Tyler Perry's dramatic films Why Did I Get Married? (2007) and Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010), and Captain Russell Hampton in the Hollywood blockbuster Godzilla (2014) From 2017 to 2018, Jones played Detective Tommy Cavanaugh in the CBS drama series Wisdom of the Crowd Since February 2018, Jones has played the role of Sergeant Wade Gray in the ABC police procedural drama series The Rookie with Nathan Fillion 

Personal life
Joshua Media Ministries claims that its leader, David E  Taylor, mentors Jones in ministry, and that Jones has donated $1 million to its efforts 

Filmography
Film
Television
Passage 7:
Constantia Eriksdotter
Constantia Eriksdotter (1560–1649) was the illegitimate daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden and Agda Persdotter  She was called "The Queen of Tiveden" 

Life
Constantia Eriksdotter and her sister Virginia were removed from their mother's custody when she married in 1561  This was illegal, as according to the law the mother had sole custody until the children reached the age of three   They were placed first in the court of Princess Cecilia of Sweden, then that of Princess Elizabeth of Sweden (1564), and finally that of queen Karin Månsdotter   In 1573, she visited her deposed father in prison, and was possibly the last family member to see him alive 
On 13 January 1594, she married the English nobleman Henry Frankelin, courtier to her uncle Charles IX of Sweden  The same year, she was awarded nine estates in Väne parish in Bohuslän by her cousin king Sigismund III Vasa  In 1595, she was further granted Bocksjö Manor in the parish of Tiveden in Västergötland, where she chose to reside  As a widow after 1610, she mainly lived at Odenfors gard in Linköpings kommun outside Vreta   She died at Östergötland and was buried together with her husband at Undenäs Old Church in Undenäs parish (Undenäs socken) in Skaraborg County  A moonstone belonging to Constantia is still kept
in the Undenäs church 

Issue
Carl Frankelin (d  1631), major, fell at Greifswald when occupied under the Treaty of Stettin 
Johan Frankelin
Maria Catharina Frankelin (d  1661), married to governor and nobleman Anders Koskull (1594-1676)
Elisabet Frankelin (d  1655), married to Christian Frost (d  1631)
Passage 8:
Denise Boutte
Denise Boutte (born January 19, 1982) is an American actress and model, who has appeared in the films Why Did I Get Married? as Trina, Death Valley: The Revenge of Bloody Bill, as Mandy, Sister's Keeper and Noah's Arc 

Career
She starred in the sitcom Meet the Browns as Sasha Brown 

Filmography
Film and TV Movies
Television
Passage 9:
Eric XIV of Sweden
Eric XIV (Swedish: Erik XIV; 13 December 1533 – 26 February 1577) was King of Sweden from 1560 until he was captured in a rebellion led by his brother John in 1568 and formally deposed 26 January 1569  Eric XIV was the eldest son of Gustav I (1496–1560) and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (1513–1535)  He was also ruler of Estonia, after it placed itself under Swedish protection in 1561 
While he has been regarded as intelligent and artistically skilled, as well as politically ambitious, early in his reign he showed signs of mental instability, a condition that eventually led to insanity  Some scholars claim that his illness began early during his reign, while others believe that it first manifested with the Sture murders 
Eric, having been imprisoned and deposed, was most likely murdered  An examination of his remains in 1958 confirmed that he probably died of arsenic poisoning 

Early years
Eric XIV was born at Tre Kronor castle, the morning of 13 December 1533   His mother died before his second year  In 1536, his father, Gustav Vasa, married Margaret Leijonhufvud (1516–1551), a Swedish noblewoman 
Eric's first teacher was the learned German Georg Norman, whose services were shortly thereafter needed elsewhere within the Swedish state  He was replaced by French Calvinist Dionysius Beurraeus (1500–67)  Dionysius taught both Eric and his half-brother John, and seems to have been appreciated by both  Eric was very successful in foreign languages and mathematics  He was also an informed historian, a good writer and familiar with astrology 
When Eric started to appear in public, he was referred to as "chosen king" (Swedish: utvald konung) and after the meeting of parliament in Stockholm in 1560, he received the title of "hereditary king" (Swedish: arvkonung) 
In 1557, Eric was assigned the fiefdoms of Kalmar, Kronoberg and Öland  He took up residence in the city of Kalmar 
Against his father's wishes, Eric entered into marriage negotiations with the future Queen Elizabeth I of England and pursued her for several years  Tensions between Eric and his father grew  Eric also made unsuccessful marriage proposals to, among others, Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–1587), Renata of Lorraine (1544–1602), Anna of Saxony (1544–1577) and Christine of Hesse (1543–1604) 

Rule
The news of his father's death reached Eric as he was on the point of embarking for England to press his suit for the hand of Queen Elizabeth  Back in Stockholm he summoned a Riksdag, which met at Arboga on 15 April 1561  There he adopted the royal propositions known as the "Arboga articles", considerably curtailing the authority of the royal dukes, John and Charles, in their respective provinces 
He was crowned as Eric XIV, but was not necessarily the 14th king of Sweden named Eric  He and his brother Charles adopted regnal numbers according to Johannes Magnus's partly fictitious history of Sweden  There had, however, been at least six earlier Swedish kings with the name of Eric, as well as pretenders about whom very little is known From the start of his reign, Eric was in opposition to the Swedish nobility  He chose as a close adviser Jöran Persson (1530–68), who had narrowly escaped execution under Eric's father  Persson was also opposed to the nobility and a determined opponent of Eric's half-brother, later John III of Sweden (1537–92)  John was the Duke of Finland and was married to a Polish princess, against Eric's wishes, which made him friendly with Poland  John pursued an expansionist policy in Livonia (now Estonia and Latvia), in breach of the Arboga articles, which led to contention between the brothers  In 1563, John was seized by an army sent to Finland, and tried for high treason by Eric's order 
Unlike his father, who had been satisfied with ruling an independent state, Eric tried to expand his influence in the Baltic region and in Estonia, beginning the process that resulted in Sweden becoming a great power in the 17th century  This expansionism resulted in a clash with his cousin, Frederick II of Denmark-Norway (1534–88)  Most of Eric XIV's reign was then dominated by the Livonian War and the Scandinavian Seven Years' War against Denmark-Norway (1563–70), during which he successfully repelled most Danish-Norwegian attempts at conquest, but was unable to keep his own acquisitions From 1563 onwards, his insanity became pronounced; his rule became even more arbitrary and marked by violence  His suspicion of the nobility led him to suspicions of the Sture family, then headed by Svante Stensson Sture, who was married to Gustav's sister-in-law  He first acted against the family in 1566, accusing Svante's son Nils of treason, but commuted the sentence and instead sent Nils to Lorraine, supposedly to arrange a marriage with the princess Renata  However, Eric had determined to marry his mistress Karin Månsdotter and in 1567, on Nils's return and suspicious of high treason, he killed several members of the family in the so-called Sture Murders, Eric himself stabbing Nils Svantesson Sture  The King probably thought of the killing as an execution rather than murder 

Downfall
After the Sture homicides, John was imprisoned and Eric's conflict with the nobility came to its climax  Early in 1568, Eric seemed to recover his reason, and attempted to reconcile with John on the condition that the latter recognized Eric's marriage with Karin Månsdotter  This marriage was solemnized in July, Karin crowned Queen, and their infant son Gustav pronounced Prince-royal  However, in the fall of 1568, asserting Eric's insanity, the dukes and the nobles rebelled, and after some resistance, Eric was imprisoned by his brother Duke John, who took power on 30 September  Jöran Persson was assigned much of the blame for the actions directed against the nobility during Eric XIV's reign and was executed shortly after John III had incarcerated Eric, who was legally dethroned in January 1569 by the Riksdag 

Imprisonment and death
For the next eight years the ex-king was a source of anxiety to the new government  Three rebellions – the 1569 Plot, the Mornay Plot and the 1576 Plot – with the object of releasing and reinstating him, had to be suppressed, and Eric was held as a prisoner in many different castles in both Sweden and Finland  He died in prison in Örbyhus Castle  According to a tradition starting with Johannes Messenius, his final meal was a poisoned bowl of pea soup  A document signed by his brother, John III of Sweden, and a nobleman, Bengt Bengtsson Gylta (1514–74), gave Eric's guards in his last prison authorization to poison him if anyone tried to release him  His body was later exhumed and modern forensic analysis revealed evidence of lethal arsenic poisoning 

Family and descendants
Eric XIV had several relationships before his marriage 
With Agda Persdotter:

Virginia Eriksdotter (1559–1633; living descendants)
Constantia Eriksdotter (1560–1649; living descendants)
Lucretia Eriksdotter (1564–after 1574) died young With Karin Jacobsdotter:

An unnamed child, died April 1565 Eric XIV finally married Karin Månsdotter (1550–1612) on 4 July 1568; their children were:

Sigrid (1566–1633; born before the marriage), lady-in-waiting, wife of two noblemen 
Gustaf (1568–1607; born before the marriage), mercenary
Henrik (1570–74)
Arnold (1572–73)

Eric XIV in literature
The life of Eric XIV is the subject of an 1899 play by Swedish playwright August Strindberg (1849–1912)  The love story of Eric XIV and Karin Månsdotter is the subject of a 1942 historical novel Karin Månsdotter by Mika Waltari 

See also
List of Swedish monarchs
List of Finnish monarchs and Heads of State
History of Sweden
History of Sweden (1523–1611)
Passage 10:
Charibert I
Charibert I (French: Caribert; Latin: Charibertus; c  517 – December 567) was the Merovingian King of Paris, the second-eldest son of Chlothar I and his first wife Ingund  His elder brother Gunthar died sometime before their father's death  He shared in the partition of the Frankish kingdom that followed his father's death in 561, receiving the old kingdom of Childebert I, with its capital at Paris 

Personal life
Charibert married Ingoberga and they had four children: 

Blithide of Cologne (538-603), possibly married to Ansbertus, Gallo-Roman senator
Chrodobertus (d  595)
Clithorice (541-569)
Bertha, who married Æthelberht of Kent
Charibert also had several concubines  By Merofleda, a wool carder's daughter, and her sister Marcovefa, he had daughters: Berteflede (a nun in Tours) and Clothilde (a nun in St  Croix, Poitiers)  By Theodogilda (or Theudechild), a cowherd's daughter; Charibert had a son who died in infancy 
Charibert married his daughter Bertha to Æthelberht, the pagan King of Kent  She took  Bishop Liudhard with her as her private confessor  Her influence in the Kentish court was instrumental in the success of St  Augustine of Canterbury's mission in 597, effecting the conversion to Christianity of the first Anglo-Saxon ruler 

Military campaigns and enthronement
In 556, Chlothar sent his sons Charibert and Guntram (his youngest) against their stepmother, "Chunna," and younger stepbrother, "Chramn," who were in revolt  During ongoing negotiations, Chramn was hiding out on Black Mountain in the Limousin  When the negotiations failed, the two armies prepared for battle  However, a thunderstorm prevented any engagement, and Chramn (who was hiding out in Black Mountain) sent forged letters to his brothers (Charibert and Guntram) in which he falsely reported the death of their father (Chlothar)  Charibert and Guntram immediately returned to Burgundy to secure their positions 

After the actual death of Chlothar in 561, the Frankish kingdom was divided between his sons in a new configuration (map, left)  Each son ruled a distinct realm which was not necessarily geographically coherent but could contain two unconnected regions  Their kingdoms were named after the city from which they ruled  Charibert received Neustria (the region between the Somme and the Loire), Aquitaine, and Novempopulana with Paris as his capital  His other chief cities were Rouen, Tours, Poitiers, Limoges, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Cahors, and Albi  Guntram received Burgundy  Sigebert received Austrasia (including Rheims) with his capital at Metz, and the youngest brother Chilperic received a compact kingdom with Soissons as its capital 

Death and legacy
Though Charibert was eloquent and learned in the law, Gregory of Tours found him one of the most dissolute of the early Merovingians  He maintained four concurrent wives, two of them sisters, and this resulted in his excommunication by Germanus  This was the first ever excommunication of a Merovingian king   As a result, he was buried in disgrace at Blavia castellum, a stronghold in the Tractatus Armoricani  At his death, his brothers divided his realm between them, agreeing at first to hold Paris in common  His surviving queen (out of four), Theudechild, proposed a marriage with Guntram, though a council held at Paris in 557 had outlawed such matches as incestuous  Guntram decided to house her more safely, though unwillingly, in a nunnery at Arles 
The main source for Charibert's life is Gregory of Tours' History of the Franks (Book IV, 3,16,22,26 and IX, 26), and from the English perspective Bede's Ecclesiastic History of the English People 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Henry Krause
Henry J  "Red" Krause, Jr  (August 28, 1913 – February 20, 1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins   He played college football at St  Louis University 
Passage 2:
John Mackay (poet)
John Mackay (Scottish Gaelic: Iain (Dall) MacAoidh; 1656–1754), known as Am Pìobaire Dall (The Blind Piper), was a Scottish Gaelic poet and composer, and the grandfather of William Ross 
Passage 3:
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: قایا الپ, lit  'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah  He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I  He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp  He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks 
Passage 4:
Zhao Shoushan
Zhao Shoushan (simplified Chinese: 赵寿山; traditional Chinese: 趙壽山; pinyin: Zhào Shòushān; 12 November 1894 – 20 June 1965) was a KMT general and later Chinese Communist Party politician  He is the grandfather of Zhao Leji 

Career
Zhao Shoushan was born in Hu County, Shaanxi in 1894  After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Zhao was the CCP Chairman of Qinghai and Governor of Shaanxi 

External links
(in Chinese) Biography of Zhao Shoushan, Shaanxi Daily July 9, 2006 
Passage 5:
John Westley
Rev  John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister  He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism) 

Life
John Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev  Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland  He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B A  on 23 January 1655, and M A  on 4 July 1657  After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset  Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of Winterborne Whitechurch The report of his interview in 1661 with Gilbert Ironside the elder, his diocesan, according to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, shows him to have been an Independent  He was imprisoned for not using the Book of Common Prayer, imprisoned again and ejected in 1662  After the Conventicle Act 1664 he continued to preach in small gatherings at Preston and then Poole, until his death at Preston in 1678 

Family
He married a daughter of John White, who was related also to Thomas Fuller  White, the "Patriarch of Dorchester", married a sister of Cornelius Burges  Westley's eldest son was Timothy (born 1659)  Their second son was Rev  Samuel Wesley, a High Church Anglican vicar and the father of John and Charles Wesley  A younger son, Matthew Wesley, remained a nonconformist, became a London apothecary, and died on 10 June 1737, leaving a son, Matthew, in India; he provided for some of his brother Samuel's daughters 

Notes
Additional sources
Matthews, A  G , "Calamy Revised", Oxford University Press, 1934, page 521  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Wesley, Samuel (1662-1735)"  Dictionary of National Biography  London: Smith, Elder & Co  1885–1900 
Passage 6:
Dibyasambandh
Princess Dibyasambanna (Thai: พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าทิพยสัมพันธ์; RTGS: Phra Worawong Thoe Phra Ong Chao Thipphayasamphan; Née Her Serene Highness Princess (Mom Chao) Dibyasambanna Bhanubandh Thai: ทิพยสัมพันธ์ ภาณุพันธ์; RTGS: Thipphayasamphan Phanuphan; 17 May 1885 - 26 July 1908) was a Princess of Siam (later Thailand)  She was a member of Siamese royal family, specifically the Bhanubandh family, as a daughter of Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse and Mom Liam 

Biography
Princess Dibyasambanna is the eldest child of Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse and Mom Liam, the princess born at Buraphaphirom Palace On 7 July 1885  As for the name, Dibyasambanna Bhanubandh was bestowed by King Chulalongkorn  As well as being close to King Chulalongkorn since childhood, Princess Dibyasambanna was married to Abhakara Kiartivongse, Prince of Chumphon on February 28, 1900  They had three sons: Prince Kiat Abhakara (Born and died on the same day), Prince Aditya Dibabha and Prince Rangsiyakorn Abhakara 
While Prince Rangsiyakorn Abhakara, the youngest son, had only 1 year old, an unexpected incident occurred when Princess Dibyasambanna died of poison on July 26, 1908  The royal fire ceremony began on 2 February 1908, which has dug a burial ground to be sent to cremate the cremation at the crematorium of Wat Debsirindrawas Ratchaworawiharn  The cremation ceremony was held on 3 February, with King Chulalongkorn become the president of the ceremony 
Passage 7:
Bhanurangsi Savangwongse
Bhanurangsi Savangwongse, the Prince Bhanubandhu Vongsevoradej (11 January 1859 – 13 June 1928)  (Thai: สมเด็จพระราชปิตุลาบรมพงศาภิมุข เจ้าฟ้าภาณุรังษีสว่างวงศ์ กรมพระยาภาณุพันธุวงศ์วรเดช) was a son of King Mongkut of Siam and Queen Debsirindra Although the Prince held a number of posts in the government of his elder brother, King Chulalongkorn, including the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Siamese Army, he is best remembered as the founder of the Thai postal service and the first Field marshal in Royal Siamese Army during King Vajiravudh His most famous son is the Formula One racer, Prince Birabongse Bhanutej Bhanubandh, better known as Prince Bira 

Early life and education
Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse born on 11 January 1860 at the Grand Palace, Bangkok  He has 3 brothers and sisters, including King Chulalongkorn, Princess Chandrmondol and Prince Chaturonrasmi  After 2 years, his mother died  Later, his father died when he was 10 years old  He was the scatterer of rice in the procession of the royal funeral of King Mongkut  When he was 12 years old King Chulalongkorn appointed him as Prince Brother, with a royal ceremony at the Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall  When he was 13 years old he was ordained as a novice at Wat Phra Kaew with Supreme Patriarch Pavares Variyalongkorn as a preceptor then went out to Wat Bowonniwet Vihara He began his studies in the school of female teachers and began to study by himself  After that, he studied the books of Khmer and Pali at the Bureau of Phraya Priyatthi Dhammada when he is ordained  After that, he studied military education at the Bureau of the King's Guard since 1872 and learning the Thai language from Phraya Srisoonthorn Waham (Noi Ajarayangkul) including studying civil service traditions and royal traditions from Prince Mahamala, the Prince Bamrapporapak 

Careers
He carried out military service in a special officer rank, with a first lieutenant's uniform in Bureau of the King's Guard When King Chulalongkorn travelled to Singapore (2nd time) and Burma, parts of England throughout India including the rising districts of Siam along the western coast of Malaya  He held positions including Minister of the Council and Privy Council of King Chulalongkorn, Chancellor of the Ministry of Defense, The Privy Council of King Rama VI and the President and Privy Councilor in King Rama VII, Inspector General, Commander of the Navy Department and Director-General of the Post and Telegraph Department 

Death
Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse died on 13 June 1928 aged 68 at Buraphaphirom Palace 

Issue
He had 16 children, 9 sons and 7 daughters:

Princess Dibyasambandh
Prince Nibanna Bhanubongse
Prince Siriwongse Vadhanadej
Princess (unnamed)
Princess Chalermkhetramongmol
Prince Suriyon Yiembayab
Prince Ballap Danaya
Prince Daeng (stillborn)
Princess Khaimuk
Princess Rambhai Prabha
Prince Aphassorawongse
Prince Birabongse Bhanudej
Prince Norasetdha Suriyalaksana
Prince Chirasakdi Suprabhas (th:พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าจิรศักดิ์สุประภาต)
Princess Lek (died at six days old)

Ancestry
Passage 8:
Fred Le Deux
Frederick David Le Deux (born 4 December 1934) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL)  He is the grandfather of Tom Hawkins 

Early life
Le Deux grew up in Nagambie and attended Assumption College, after which he went to Bendigo to study teaching 

Football
While a student at Bendigo Teachers' Training College, Le Deux played for the Sandhurst Football Club  He then moved to Ocean Grove to take up a teaching position and in 1956 joined Geelong A follower and defender, Le Deux made 18 appearances for Geelong over three seasons, from 1956 to 1958 He was troubled by a back injury in 1958, which kept him out of the entire 1959 VFL season In 1960 he joined Victorian Football Association club Mordialloc, as he had transferred to a local technical school 

Family
Le Deux's daughter Jennifer was married to former Geelong player Jack Hawkins  Jennifer died in 2015  Their son, Tom Hawkins, currently plays for Geelong 
Passage 9:
Lyon Cohen
Lyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist  He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen 

Biography
Cohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868  He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871  He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal  In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L  Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W  R  Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co , a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co  in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd   The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada  The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism  In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69 

Philanthropy
Cohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada  Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal  He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada 

Personal life
Cohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891  She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School  They had three sons and one daughter:

Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:
Esther Cohen and
singer/poet Leonard Cohen 
Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;
Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, and
Sylvia Lillian Cohen 
Passage 10:
Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شَيْبَة إبْن هَاشِم; c  497–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, (Arabic: عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب, lit  'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation  He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 

Early life
His father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81  the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca  They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm  His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah)  Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born : 81 His real name was "Shaiba" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-Ḥamd ("The white streak of praise") : 81–82  After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care  Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent  Muṭṭalib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca  Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go  Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib ("servant of Muttalib") : 85–86

Chieftain of Hashim clan
When Muṭṭalib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan  Following his uncle Al-Muṭṭalib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people  He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them : 61 
'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib and Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba  Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib  Addressing Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, he said:
Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate  You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe 

Discovery of Zam Zam Well
'Abdul-Muṭṭalib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila  There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca  The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-Ḥārith stood guard until they gave up their protests  After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, "Allahuakbar!" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar  It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well  So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition  They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost  There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out  One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others  So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Muṭṭalib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed  It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well  Thereafter he supplied pilgrims to the Kaaba with Zam Zam water, which soon eclipsed all the other wells in Mecca because it was considered sacred : 86–89 : 62–65

The Year of the Elephant
According to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Kaaba's reverence among the Arabs and, being a Christian, he built a cathedral on Sana'a and ordered pilgrimage be made there : 21  The order was ignored and someone desecrated (some saying in the form of defecation: 696 note 35 ) the cathedral  Abrahah decided to avenge this act by demolishing the Kaaba and he advanced with an army towards Mecca : 22–23 There were thirteen elephants in Abrahah's army: 99 : 26  and the year came to be known as 'Ām al-Fīl (the Year of the Elephant), beginning a trend for reckoning the years in Arabia which was used until 'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb replaced it with the Islamic Calendar in 638 CE (17 AH), with the first year of the Islamic Calendar being 622 CE 
When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinānah, Khuzā'ah and Hudhayl united in defence of the Kaaba  A man from the Ḥimyar tribe was sent by Abrahah to advise them that he only wished to demolish the Kaaba and if they resisted, they would be crushed  "Abdul-Muṭṭalib told the Meccans to seek refuge in the nearest high hills while he, with some leading members of Quraysh, remained within the precincts of the Kaaba  Abrahah sent a dispatch inviting 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib to meet him and discuss matters  When 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib left the meeting he was heard saying, "The Owner of this House is its Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonour the servants of His House ": 24–26 It is recorded that when Abrahah's forces neared the Kaaba, Allah commanded small birds (abābīl) to destroy Abrahah's army, raining down pebbles on it from their beaks  Abrahah was seriously wounded and retreated towards Yemen but died on the way : 26–27  This event is referred to in the following Qur'anic chapter:

Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant?
Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray?

And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay, so He rendered them like straw eaten up 
Most Islamic sources place the event around the year that Muhammad was born, 570 CE, though other scholars place it one or two decades earlier  A tradition attributed to Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri in the musannaf of ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani places it before the birth of Muhammad's father 

Sacrificing his son Abdullah
Al-Harith was 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's only son at the time he dug the Zamzam Well : 64  When the Quraysh tried to help him in the digging, he vowed that if he were to have ten sons to protect him, he would sacrifice one of them to Allah at the Kaaba  Later, after nine more sons had been born to him, he told them he must keep the vow  The divination arrows fell upon his favourite son Abdullah  The Quraysh protested 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's intention to sacrifice his son and demanded that he sacrifice something else instead  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib agreed to consult a "sorceress with a familiar spirit"  She told him to cast lots between Abdullah and ten camels  If Abdullah were chosen, he had to add ten more camels, and keep on doing the same until his Lord accepted the camels in Abdullah's place  When the number of camels reached 100, the lot fell on the camels  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib confirmed this by repeating the test three times  Then the camels were sacrificed, and Abdullah was spared : 66–68

Family
Wives
Abd al-Muttalib had six known wives 

Sumra bint Jundab of the Hawazin tribe 
Lubnā bint Hājar of the Khuza'a tribe 
Fatima bint Amr of the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Halah bint Wuhayb of the Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Natīla bint Janab of the Namir tribe 
Mumanna'a bint Amr of the Khuza'a tribe 

Children
According to Ibn Hisham, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib had ten sons and six daughters : 707–708 note 97  However, Ibn Sa'd lists twelve sons : 99–101 By Sumra bint Jundab:

Al-Ḥārith : 708  He was the firstborn and he died before his father : 99 
Quthum : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham By Fatima bint Amr:

Al-Zubayr : 707  He was a poet and a chief; his father made a will in his favour : 99  He died before Islam, leaving two sons and daughters : 101 : 34–35 
Abu Talib, born as Abd Manaf,: 99 : 707  father of the future Caliph Ali  He later became chief of the Hashim clan 
Abdullah, the father of Muhammad : 99 : 707 
Umm Hakim al-Bayda,: 100 : 707  the maternal grandmother of the third Caliph Uthman : 32 
Barra,: 100 : 707  the mother of Abu Salama : 33 
Arwa : 100 : 707 
Atika,: 100 : 707  a wife of Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira : 31 
Umayma,: 100 : 707  the mother of Zaynab bint Jahsh and Abd Allah ibn Jahsh : 33 By Lubnā bint Hājar:

Abd al-'Uzzā, better known as Abū Lahab : 100 : 708 By Halah bint Wuhayb:

Ḥamza,: 707  the first big leader of Islam  He killed many leaders of the kufar and was considered as the strongest man of the quraysh  He was martyred at Uhud : 100 
Ṣafīyya : 100 : 707 
Al-Muqawwim : 707  He married Qilaba bint Amr ibn Ju'ana ibn Sa'd al-Sahmia, and had children named Abd Allah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, and Umm Amr (Qutayla or Amra) 
Hajl : 707  He married Umm Murra bint Abi Qays ibn Abd Wud, and had two sons, named Abd Allah, Ubayd Allah, and three daughters named Murra, Rabi'a, and Fakhita By Natīlah bint Khubāb:

al-'Abbas,: 100 : 707  ancestor of the Abbasid caliphs 
Ḍirār,: 707  who died before Islam : 100 
Jahl, died before Islam
Imran, died before IslamBy Mumanna'a bint 'Amr:

Mus'ab, who, according to Ibn Saad, was the one known as al-Ghaydāq : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham 
Al-Ghaydaq, died before Islam 
Abd al-Ka'ba, died before Islam : 100 
Al-Mughira,: 100  who had the byname al-Ghaydaq 

The family tree and some of his important descendants
Death
Abdul Muttalib's son 'Abdullāh died four months before Muḥammad's birth, after which Abdul Muttalib took care of his daughter-in-law Āminah  One day Muhammad's mother, Amina, wanted to go to Yathrib, where her husband, Abdullah, died  So, Muhammad, Amina, Abd al-Muttalib and their caretaker, Umm Ayman started their journey to Medina, which is around 500 kilometres away from Makkah  They stayed there for three weeks, then, started their journey back to Mecca  But, when they reached halfway, at Al-Abwa', Amina became very sick and died six years after her husband's death  She was buried over there  From then, Muhammad became an orphan  Abd al-Muttalib became very sad for Muhammad because he loved him so much  Abd al-Muttalib took care of Muhammad  But when Muhammad was eight years old, the very old Abd al-Muttalib became very sick and died at age 81-82 in 578-579 CE 
Shaybah ibn Hāshim's grave can be found in the Jannat al-Mu'allā cemetery in Makkah, Saudi Arabia 

See also
Family tree of Muhammad
Family tree of Shaiba ibn Hashim
Sahaba



ground_truth: poisoning

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Dibyasambandh?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  He began his career in the 1940s, while still in his teens, working as an assistant director for his uncle, Hollywood producer Sam Katzman  He started out on adventure movie serials such as Brenda Starr, Reporter (1945), Superman (1948), Batman and Robin (1949), The Great Adventures of Captain Kidd (1951), Riding with Buffalo Bill (1954), et al  During the 1950s he continued working as assistant director, mostly with his uncle, in feature films such as A Yank in Korea (1951), The Giant Claw (1957), Face of a Fugitive (1959) and Angel Baby (1961)  Besides his big screen work, Katzman also served on television shows, including The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok, The Mickey Rooney Show and Bat Masterson 
In 1960, Katzman made his production debut, serving not only as assistant director, but also as associate producer, on all four seasons of adventure drama Route 66 (1960-1964), which he would later regard as his favorite production  His additional early work in television production (and occasional writing and directing) includes shows crime drama Tallahassee 7000 (1961), western drama The Wild Wild West (1965-1969), the second season of crime drama Hawaii Five-O (1969-1970), legal drama Storefront Lawyers (1970-1971), the final five seasons of western drama Gunsmoke (1970-1975) as well as its spinoff series Dirty Sally (1974), legal drama Petrocelli (1974-1976) for which he was nominated an Edgar Allan Poe Award, and the two science fiction dramas The Fantastic Journey (1977) and Logan's Run (1977-1978)  In 1965, he wrote, produced and directed the science fiction film Space Probe Taurus (also known as Space Monster)  Aside from his work as assistant director, this was his only venture into feature films 

Dallas
In 1978, Katzman served as producer for the five-part miniseries Dallas, which would evolve into one of television's longest running dramas, lasting until 1991  While the series was created by David Jacobs, Katzman became the de facto show runner during the second season of the show, as Jacobs stepped down to create and later run Dallas spin-off series Knots Landing  Under Katzman's lead, Dallas, whose first episodes had consisted of self-contained stories, evolved into a serial, leading into the '80s trend of prime time soap operas While Katzman headed Dallas' writing staff from the show's second season, he remained producer, with Philip Capice serving as executive producer  The creative conflicts between Capice and Katzman eventually led to Katzman stepping down from his production duties on the show for season nine, instead being billed as "creative consultant" (during this time he also worked on the short-lived drama series Our Family Honor)  However, increased production costs and decreasing ratings caused production company Lorimar—along with series star Larry Hagman (J  R  Ewing)—to ask Katzman to return to the show in his old capacity  Katzman agreed, reportedly under the condition that he would have "total authority" on the show, and as of the tenth season premiere he was promoted to executive producer, and Capice was let go 
Katzman remained as executive producer on Dallas until the series finale in May 1991  Besides his production work, he also wrote and directed more episodes of the series than anyone else 

After Dallas
Following "Dallas", Katzman went on to create the short-lived crime drama Dangerous Curves (1992-1993), which aired as a part of CBS' late-night drama block Crimetime After Primetime, and serve as executive producer for the second season of the action drama Walker, Texas Ranger (1994-1995)  His last work was the 1996 "Dallas" reunion movie J R  Returns, which he also wrote and directed 

Personal life and death
Katzman fathered his first child, Gary Katzman, with Eileen Leener (1929-2019)  Katzman did not raise his first child and left his mother when he was 4 years old  The child was eventually adopted and took the surname Klein  Through Gary Klein, Katzman is the biological grandfather of Ethan Klein of the Israeli-American YouTube comedy channel h3h3Productions Leonard Katzman and his wife LaRue Farlow Katzman  had three children  His daughter, actress Sherril Lynn Rettino (1956-1995), predeceased her father by one year  She played the recurring character Jackie Dugan on Dallas from 1979-91  His sons Mitchell Wayne Katzman and Frank Katzman, as well as son-in-law John Rettino, all worked on the production of Dallas' later seasons  Both sons were also involved in the production of Dangerous Curves; Walker, Texas Ranger; and J  R  Returns 
Katzman died of a heart attack in Malibu, California on September 5, 1996, three days after his 69th birthday, and more than two months prior to the airing of his last production, Dallas: J R  Returns  He was interred in the Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles 

Filmography
Excluding work as assistant director 

Awards
1997: Lone Star Film & Television Awards - Special Award
Passage 8:
Thomas Ford
Thomas or Tom Ford may refer to:

Thomas Ford (martyr) (died 1582), English martyr
Thomas Ford (composer) (c  1580–1648), English composer, lutenist, and viol player
Thomas Ford (minister) (1598–1674), English nonconformist minister
Thomas Ford (politician) (1800–1850), governor of Illinois
Thomas Ford (rower), British rower
Thomas H  Ford (1814–1868), American politician in Ohio
Tom Ford (baseball) (1866–1917), baseball pitcher
Thomas F  Ford (1873–1958), California politician
Thomas Ford (architect) (1891–1971), British architect
Thomas Gardner Ford (1918–1995), Member of the Michigan House of Representatives
Tom Ford (born 1961), American designer
Thomas Mikal Ford (1964–2016), American actor
Tom Ford (presenter) (born 1977), British television presenter
Tom Ford (snooker player) (born 1983), English snooker player
Tom Ford (squash player) (born 1993), British squash player
"Tom Ford" (song), a 2013 song by Jay-Z

See also
Tommy Ford (disambiguation)
Passage 9:
Thomas Walker
Thomas or Tom Walker may refer to:

Entertainment
Thomas Walker (actor) (1698–1744), English actor and dramatist
Thomas Walker (author) (1784–1836), English barrister, police magistrate and writer of a one-man periodical, The Original
Thomas Bond Walker (1861–1933), Irish painter
Tom Walker (singer) (born 1991), Scottish singer-songwriter
Tom Walker (Homeland), a character in the TV series Homeland
Tom Walker, British actor and comedian known for his character Jonathan Pie, a fictional British news reporter
Tom Walker (comedian), Australian comedian, mime and Twitch streamer

Law
Thomas Joseph Walker (1877–1945), Judge for the United States Customs Court
Thomas Glynn Walker (1899–1993), United States federal judge
Thomas Walker (attorney) (born 1964), U S  attorney

Politics
Thomas Walker (died 1748) (1660s–1748), Member of Parliament for Plympton Erle, 1735–1741
Thomas Walker (merchant) (1749–1817), English political radical in Manchester
Thomas Eades Walker (1843–1899), British Member of Parliament for East Worcestershire, 1874–1880
Thomas Gordon Walker (1849–1917), British Indian civil servant
Thomas Walker (Australian politician) (1858–1932), member of two different state parliaments
Thomas Walker (Canadian politician) (died 1812), Canadian lawyer and politician
Thomas J  Walker (1927–1998), provincial MLA from Alberta, Canada
Thomas Walker (American politician) (1850–1935), Alabama state legislator

Sports
Tom Walker (cricketer) (1762–1831), English cricketer
Thomas Walker (Yorkshire cricketer) (1854–1925), English cricketer
Tom Walker (1900s pitcher) (1881–1944), baseball player
Tom Walker (1970s pitcher) (born 1948), American baseball player
Tommy Walker (footballer, born 1915) (1915–1993), Scottish footballer and manager
Tom Walker (footballer) (born 1995), English footballer

Other
Thomas Walker (academic) (died 1665), English academic at Oxford University
Thomas Walker (explorer) (1715–1794), American explorer
Thomas Walker (slave trader) (1758–1797), British slave trader
Thomas Walker (died 1805), Irish publisher of Walker's Hibernian Magazine
Thomas Walker (philanthropist) (1804–1886), Australian politician and banker
Thomas Larkins Walker (c 1811–1860), Scottish architect
Thomas Walker (journalist) (1822–1898), English editor of The Daily News
Thomas A  Walker (1828–1889), English civil engineering contractor
T  B  Walker (1840–1928), Minneapolis businessman who founded the Walker Art Center
Thomas William Walker (1916–2010), soil scientist
Thomas Walker (naval officer) (1919–2003), United States Navy officer
Thomas B  Walker Jr  (1923–2016), American investment banker, corporate director and philanthropist
Tom Walker (priest) (born 1933), Anglican priest and author
Thomas J  Walker, namesake of the Thomas J  Walker House in Knoxville, Tennessee
Thomas Walker & Son, manufacturers of nautical instruments, Birmingham, England

See also
Tommy Walker (disambiguation)
Passage 10:
Thomas Baker
Thomas or Tom Baker may refer to:

Politicians
Thomas Cheseman or Thomas Baker (c  1488–1536 or later), Member of Parliament for Rye
Thomas Baker (died 1625), Member of Parliament for Arundel
Tom Baker (Nebraska politician) (born 1948), member of Nebraska Legislature
Thomas Guillaume St  Barbe Baker (1895–1966), Fascist activist and former British Army and RAF officer
Colonel Thomas Baker (1810–1872), founder of Bakersfield, California

Sports
Thomas Baker (cricketer) (born 1981), English cricketer who played for Yorkshire County Cricket Club and Northamptonshire County Cricket Club
Tom Baker (footballer, born 1934), Wales international football player, commonly called George
Tom Baker (bowler) (born 1954), American bowler
Tom Baker (1930s pitcher) (1913–1991), Major League Baseball pitcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants
Tom Baker (1960s pitcher) (1934–1980), Major League Baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs
Tom Baker (footballer, born 1905) (1905–1975), British footballer
Thomas Southey Baker (1848–1902), English amateur rower and footballer

Military
Thomas Baker (Royal Navy officer) (1771–1845), Royal Navy admiral
Thomas Durand Baker (1837–1893), Quartermaster-General to the Forces
Thomas Baker (Medal of Honor recipient) (1916–1944), World War II Medal of Honor recipient
Thomas Baker (aviator) (1897–1918), Australian soldier and aviator of the First World War
Thomas Baker (general) (born 1935), United States Air Force general

Religion
Thomas Baker (missionary) (1832–1867), English Christian missionary cannibalised in Fiji
Sir Thomas Baker (Unitarian) (1810–1886), English Unitarian minister and Mayor of Manchester
Thomas Nelson Baker Sr  (1860–1941), African-American minister, author and philosopher
Tom Baker (priest) (1920–2000), Anglican clergyman

Actors
Tom Baker (born 1934), played The Doctor on Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981
Tom Baker (American actor) (1940–1982)

Education
Tom Baker (professor) (born 1959), law professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School
Thomas E  Baker, professor of Constitutional law and former administrative assistant to William Rehnquist
Thomas Baker (college president) (1871–1939), president of Carnegie Mellon University
Thomas Baker (entomologist), American professor at Penn State University

Others
Thomas Baker (antiquarian) (1656–1740), English antiquarian
Thomas Baker (artist) (1809–1864), English landscape painter and watercolourist
Thomas Baker (Peasants' Revolt leader) (died 1381), English landowner
Thomas Baker (musician), composer and producer of musical stage productions
Thomas Baker (mathematician) (1625?–1689), English mathematician
Thomas Baker (dramatist) (c  1680–1749), English dramatist and lawyer

Other uses
Tom Baker Cancer Centre, a hospital in Canada
Tom Baker (24 character)
DC Tom Baker, a character on The Bill
Tom Baker, protagonist in the 2003 film Cheaper by the Dozen and its sequel
"Tom Baker", a song by Human League on some versions of Travelogue



ground_truth: Mongkut