prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the place of death of Thomas E. Noell's father?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Motherland (disambiguation)
Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group 
Motherland may also refer to:

Music
"Motherland" (anthem), the national anthem of Mauritius
National Song (Montserrat), also called "Motherland"
Motherland (Natalie Merchant album), 2001
Motherland (Arsonists Get All the Girls album), 2011
Motherland (Daedalus album), 2011
"Motherland" (Crystal Kay song), 2004

Film and television
Motherland (1927 film), a 1927 British silent war film
Motherland (2010 film), a 2010 documentary film
Motherland (2015 film), a 2015 Turkish drama
Motherland (2022 film), a 2022 documentary film about the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Motherland (TV series), a 2016 British television series
Motherland: Fort Salem, a 2020 American science fiction drama series

Other uses
Motherland Party (disambiguation), the name of several political groups
Personifications of Russia, including a list of monuments called Motherland

See also
All pages with titles containing Motherland
Mother Country (disambiguation)
Passage 2:
Beaulieu-sur-Loire
Beaulieu-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: ​[boljø syʁ lwaʁ], literally Beaulieu on Loire) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France  It is the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars 

Population
See also
Communes of the Loiret department
Passage 3:
Place of birth
The place of birth (POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born  This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person  Practice regarding whether this place should be a country, a territory or a city/town/locality differs in different countries, but often city or territory is used for native-born citizen passports and countries for foreign-born ones 
As a general rule with respect to passports, if the place of birth is to be a country, it's determined to be the country that currently has sovereignty over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred  The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live  If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth  In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth 
Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents  For example, Sweden has used the concept of födelsehemort ("domicile of birth") since 1947  This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth  The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant 
Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of place of origin  A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin  A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent  In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth  In Japan, the registered domicile is a similar concept 
In some countries (primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase jus soli  Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality(-ies) of the baby's parents (referred to as jus sanguinis) 
There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise  The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality(-ies) of the parents and/or the location of the plane or ship (if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country) 
Some administrative forms may request the applicant's "country of birth"  It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's "place of birth" or "nationality at birth"  For example, US citizens born abroad who acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA (American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place 

Reference list
8 FAM 403 4 Place of Birth
Passage 4:
Sennedjem
Sennedjem was an Ancient Egyptian artisan who was active during the reigns of Seti I and Ramesses II  He lived in Set Maat (translated as "The Place of Truth"), contemporary Deir el-Medina, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes  Sennedjem had the title "Servant in the Place of Truth"  He was buried along with his wife, Iyneferti, and members of his family in a tomb in the village necropolis  His tomb was discovered January 31, 1886  When Sennedjem's tomb was found, it contained furniture from his home, including a stool and a bed, which he used when he was alive His titles included Servant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royal tombs 

See also

TT1 – (Tomb of Sennedjem, family and wife)
Passage 5:
John William Noell
John William Noell (February 22, 1816 – March 14, 1863) was a U S  Representative from Missouri, father of Thomas Estes Noell 
Born in Bedford County, Virginia, Noell attended the rural schools there  At the age of seventeen, he settled near Perryville, Missouri  He engaged in milling and storekeeping, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1843, and commenced practice in Perryville  He served as clerk of the circuit court for Perry County in 1841–1850  He was elected to the state senate, and served in 1851–1855 
Noell was elected U S  Representative as a Democrat in 1858, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, re-elected in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and re-elected as an Unconditional Unionist to the Thirty-eighth Congress in 1862  He served from March 4, 1859, until his death on March 14, 1863, in Washington, D C  He was interred in St  Mary's Cemetery, in Perryville 

See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
Passage 6:
Thomas E  Noell
Thomas Estes Noell (April 3, 1839 – October 3, 1867) was a U S  Representative from Missouri, son of John William Noell 
Born in Perryville, Missouri, Noell attended the public schools  He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1858 and commenced practice in Perryville, Missouri, the same year 
During the Civil War Noell was appointed a military commissioner in 1861  He served as major in the state militia from July 1861 to April 1862  He was appointed captain unassigned in Company C, Nineteenth Infantry, United States Army, and served from April 1, 1862, until his resignation on February 20, 1865, to take his seat in the House of Representatives 
Noell was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress  He was reelected as a Democrat to the Fortieth Congress and served from March 4, 1865, until his death in St  Louis, Missouri, on October 3, 1867 
He was interred in St  Mary's Cemetery, Perryville, Missouri 

See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
Passage 7:
Where Was I
"Where Was I?" may refer to:

Books
"Where Was I?", essay by David Hawley Sanford from The Mind's I
Where Was I?, book by John Haycraft 2006
Where was I?!, book by Terry Wogan 2009

Film and TV
Where Was I? (film), 1925 film directed by William A  Seiter  With Reginald Denny, Marian Nixon, Pauline Garon, Lee Moran 
Where Was I? (2001 film), biography about songwriter Tim Rose
Where Was I? (TV series) 1952–1953 Quiz show with the panelists attempting to guess a location by looking at photos
"Where Was I?" episode of Shoestring (TV series) 1980

Music
"Where was I", song by W  Franke Harling and Al Dubin performed by Ruby Newman and His Orchestra  with vocal chorus by  Larry Taylor and Peggy McCall  1939
"Where Was I", single from Charley Pride discography 1988
"Where Was I" (song), a 1994 song by Ricky Van Shelton
"Where Was I (Donde Estuve Yo)", song by Joe Pass from Simplicity (Joe Pass album)
"Where Was I?", song by Guttermouth from The Album Formerly Known as a Full Length LP (Guttermouth album)
"Where Was I", song by Sawyer Brown (Billy Maddox, Paul Thorn, Anne Graham) from Can You Hear Me Now 2002
"Where Was I?", song  by  Kenny Wayne Shepherd from Live On  1999
"Where Was I", song by Melanie Laine (Victoria Banks, Steve Fox) from Time Flies (Melanie Laine album)
"Where Was I", song by Rosie Thomas from With Love (Rosie Thomas album)
Passage 8:
Dance of Death (disambiguation)
Dance of Death, also called Danse Macabre, is a late-medieval allegory of the universality of death 
Dance of Death or The Dance of Death may also refer to:

Books
Dance of Death, a 1938 novel by Helen McCloy
Dance of Death (Stine novel), a 1997 novel by R  L  Stine
Dance of Death (novel), a 2005 novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child

Theatre and film
The Dance of Death (Strindberg play), a 1900 play by August Strindberg
The Dance of Death, a 1908 play by Frank Wedekind
The Dance of Death (Auden play), a 1933 play by W  H  Auden

Film
The Death Dance, a 1918 drama starring Alice Brady
The Dance of Death (1912 film), a German silent film
The Dance of Death (1919 film), an Austrian silent film
The Dance of Death (1938 film), crime drama starring Vesta Victoria; screenplay by Ralph Dawson
The Dance of Death (1948 film), French-Italian drama based on Strindberg's play, starring Erich von Stroheim
The Dance of Death (1967 film), a West German drama film
Dance of Death or House of Evil, 1968 Mexican horror film starring Boris Karloff
Dance of Death (1969 film), a film based on Strindberg's play, starring Laurence Olivier
Dance of Death (1979 film), a Hong Kong film featuring Paul Chun

Music
Dance of Death (album), a 2003 album by Iron Maiden, or the title song
The Dance of Death & Other Plantation Favorites, a 1964 album by John Fahey
The Dance of Death (Scaramanga Six album)
"Death Dance", a 2016 song by Sevendust

See also
Dance of the Dead (disambiguation)
Danse Macabre (disambiguation)
Bon Odori, a Japanese traditional dance welcoming the spirits of the dead
La danse des morts, an oratorio by Arthur Honegger
Totentanz (disambiguation)
Passage 9:
Thomas Noell
Thomas Noell was the 26th Mayor of New York City, who served from 1701 to 1702   He was an English-born merchant from an aristocratic family who became a citizen of New York in 1698  He was appointed mayor on September 29, 1701, and took the oath of office on October 14 of that year   He died in 1702 at his farm in Bergen, New Jersey of smallpox 

See also
List of mayors of New York City
Passage 10:
Peter Gravesen
Peter Gravesen  (born February 11, 1979) is a Danish former footballer who played as a midfielder  He started his career with Danish Superliga clubs Vejle Boldklub and Herfølge Boldklub, and has played for Fylkir in Iceland and APEP in Cyprus 
He is the younger brother of Thomas Gravesen 

External links
Vejle Boldklub profile
Danish Superliga statistics
Peter Gravesen at WorldFootball net
Context 2: Passage 1:
Betty Hall
Beatrice Perin Barker Hall (March 18, 1921 – April 26, 2018) was an American politician from the state of New Hampshire  Hall served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives for a total of 28 years, serving non-consecutively from 1970 until 2008 
Hall grew up in New York City, where she attended Barnard College  In 1948, she and her husband moved to the town of Brookline, New Hampshire, where they started a textile manufacturing firm  Beginning in the 1950s and early 1960s, Hall began participating in local politics, serving on several boards and commissions in Brookline  Hall was elected to the Brookline school board in 1963, and in 1972, she was elected to the town board of selectmen 
Hall's career in statewide politics began in 1970 when she was elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party  In 1986, Hall switched her party affiliation to the Democratic Party, citing the Republican Party's shift towards conservatism during the Reagan Era  During her political career, Hall was described as a firebrand who frequently bucked her party  While a Republican, Hall was seen as a liberal member of that party, and was considered to be a political enemy by conservative leaders  In the Democratic Party, Hall was a member of the grassroots base, challenging the party's establishment in a 2007 campaign for chairman of the New Hampshire Democratic Party 
In the 2000s, Hall became nationally known for her activism  In 2004, she was arrested for disorderly conduct for her participation in a protest against President George W  Bush; she was later acquitted of the charge  In 2008, Hall introduced New Hampshire House Resolution 24, which would have petitioned the United States Congress to introduce articles to impeach President Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney for their actions leading to and during the Iraq War  While the bill ultimately failed, it generated a large amount of media coverage 

Pre-political life and career
Early life and education
Beatrice Perin Barker was born on March 18, 1921, in Koblenz, Germany, where her father Joseph Warren Barker, a United States Army officer, served as the administrator of a military district following World War I  After leaving the military, Barker's father completed his education in engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving an academic position at the institution  He later became the Dean of Engineering at Columbia University, and she primarily grew up in New York City  This led to Barker's entry into academia, as her father's position at Columbia University brought prominent scientists such as Enrico Fermi and Harold Urey to their home for dinner where Barker would serve as a hostess  In 1937, her mother Mary died when Barker was 16 Barker attended the Horace Mann School and later studied engineering at Barnard College  Barker would later do graduate work at the University of New Hampshire, Boston University, and the College of the Holy Cross 

Family and career
After graduating from Barnard College in 1943, Barker worked as an engineer at Western Electric  During World War II, she helped manufacture vacuum tubes for radar equipment, and her father served as a special assistant to Frank Knox, the United States Secretary of the Navy On May 27, 1944, she married Sidney Leavitt Hall, an engineer from Concord, New Hampshire, leaving her job at Western Electric to join her husband in Ohio, where he was undergoing training with the United States Air Force in order to fight in World War II  However, the war ended before he was sent overseas, and in 1948, the couple moved to Brookline, New Hampshire, a town of 800 people in Hillsborough County  Hall's grandmother, Florence Hobart Perin, was a resident of Brookline, and Hall had frequently visited and spent several summers in the town during her youth  Sidney Hall initially worked at Textron, and in 1951, the couple started a textile manufacturing firm called Hall Manufacturing Company, which was informally known as Hall Tote Bags  The company produced stitching for dry-cleaners, as well as steam air covers for dry-cleaning machines  Later, the company became locally famous for the tote bags they produced, as well as other stitched products  Hall and her husband were members of the local Church of Christ, and she was credited with uniting the Brookline Methodist and Congregationalist churches into one single church In 1957, Hall received a fellowship from the National Science Foundation  Hall served as the assistant manager for Hall Manufacturing Co  until 1962, whereupon she became a science and mathematics teacher in Groton, Massachusetts  Hall transferred to Fairgrounds Junior High School in Nashua, New Hampshire, in 1964, and taught mathematics there until 1972  In 1968, Hall was awarded a grant by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement in order to start an experimental "Mathematics Learning Laboratory" at her school  She had also been invited to academic conferences, such as the Advanced Modern Math Institute, which was sponsored by Science Research Associates Sidney Hall died in 1987 at the age of 66  Hall and her husband had 4 sons and 1 daughter  One of their sons, Sidney Hall Jr , is a locally-known author   Following her husband's death, Hall solely ran Hall Manufacturing Co , and the company was featured in a White House symposium on small businesses in 1994  Hall Manufacturing Co  closed in 2001 

Early political career
Local politics
During the 1950s and 1960s, Hall became very active in local politics, serving on numerous boards and committees in Brookline, including the board of assessors and the town finance committee  In 1961, Hall was defeated in an election for Brookline library trustee  In 1963, Hall was elected unopposed to the Brookline school board  She was re-elected in 1966, defeating future state representative Eben Bartlett and another candidate  In 1969, Hall was re-elected for her third and final term on the school board  She served as the chairman of the school board from 1964 until 1968 and again in 1971  She served a total of 9 years on the school board In 1967, Hall ran for the Brookline board of selectmen; however, she was defeated by Walter W  Frost, receiving 138 votes to Frost's 152  In 1972, Hall served as the chairman of the Brookline Republican Town Committee  Later that year, Hall again ran for the Brookline board of selectmen to succeed the retiring Grover C  Farwell, defeating two candidates to win a three-year term as selectman  Following her election to the board of selectmen, Hall did not seek another term for the school board and resigned as a teacher  In 1974, Hall served as the chairman of the board of selectmen 

Early 1970s
In 1970, Hall ran for the New Hampshire House of Representatives in Hillsborough County's 13th district as a member of the Republican Party  Hall had decided to run for state office because she "realized she was not accomplishing what she wanted to" in local office  She was recruited to run by Governor Walter R  Peterson Jr  Hall and fellow Republican Daniel Brocklebank were elected with 43% and 41% of the vote, respectively  In 1972, Hall ran for re-election in Hillsborough County's 12th district, and was elected unopposed alongside fellow Republican Jack Boyd  During the 1970s, Hall held multiple positions in the local Republican Party, serving as a member of the Republican state committee the Hillsborough County Republican Party Executive Committee 

1974 state senate campaign
In 1974, Hall ran for the 12th district of the New Hampshire Senate, running to replace retiring Republican incumbent Frederick A  Porter  In the Republican primary, Hall faced fellow state representative D  Alan Rock, as well as Milford town selectman Frederic Fletcher, a former state senator and former member of the Executive Council  During the primary, Hall campaigned via bicycle, cycling a total of 1,000 miles through the 26 towns in the district  Hall won the primary election, narrowly defeating Rock  Despite Hall placing second in her hometown of Brookline and only winning two towns, Amherst and Hollis, both towns gave her large margins  Additionally, she placed second in nearly every other town in the district, offsetting the large margin by which Rock won in Nashua  Official sources conflict on the final vote tally: the New Hampshire General Court officially reported that Hall received 1,544 votes, Rock received 1,485 votes, and Fletcher received 1,198 votes, giving Hall a winning margin of just 59 votes  However, a recount found that the margin was actually 114 votes in favor of Hall, with the town of Amherst alone overcounting 50 ballots in favor of Rock; however, the results of the recount are not officially recorded  Hall's campaign expenditure for the primary was $1,470 While there was no official Democratic Party candidate running in the heavily Republican district, both Hall and Rock also contested the Democratic primary as write-in candidates  Rock won the Democratic write-in nomination, with official sources again conflicting on the tally: the New Hampshire General Court reported that Rock received 72 votes to Hall's 71, a margin of just one vote, while a recount reportedly increased Rock's margin to 3 votes During the general election campaign, Rock was heavily supported by William Loeb III, the publisher of the Manchester Union Leader, an influential conservative newspaper  Rock frequently used the newspaper's front page to promote his campaign  While Hall was endorsed by the Nashua Telegraph, her campaign did not have the media capabilities that Rock's did, and Rock ultimately won the general election, defeating Hall by a margin of 53% to 47%  Judd Gregg, then the chairman of the Nashua Republican Party, alleged that the party's campaign literature had been tampered with; specifically, Gregg alleged that an individual had switched out Hall's campaign literature from several envelopes and replaced it with Rock's campaign literature before they were sent out to voters in Nashua  However, Hall stated that she did not believe the incident had influenced the end result of the election  Hall was succeeded in the state house by Republican Dorothy Foss Colson 

Late 1970s and early 1980s
In 1975, Hall became the chairman of the New Hampshire branch of Common Cause, a lobbying group that opposes corruption and promotes campaign finance reform  In this role, Hall advocated for good government  In the 1976 presidential election, Hall criticized Republican candidate Ronald Reagan and independent candidate Eugene McCarthy for being the only two major candidates who had not agreed to the campaign standards proposed by Common Cause  She later criticized all the presidential candidates for not discussing the costs of the programs they propose  Hall left the position in September 1977 In 1978, Hall was elected back to the New Hampshire House of Representatives for Hillsborough County's 12th district  Hall and fellow Republican Eliot B  Ware won with 36% and 31% of the vote  Hall and Ware were re-elected unopposed in 1980 In November 1980, Rock, who had still serving as the state senator for the 12th district, died of cancer just three days after winning re-election  Hall was one of four candidates vying for the Republican nomination for the February 1981 special election; instead of being elected in a primary election, the party nominee was instead to be selected by delegates of the Hillsborough County Republican Party  Hall's campaign for the nomination was heavily opposed by Robert B  Monier, the influential Republican president of the New Hampshire Senate, who viewed Hall as a political opponent  Monier instead supported John Stabile, a Nashua businessman and the New Hampshire campaign chair for John Connally's 1980 presidential campaign  The other Republican candidates were state representatives Joanne Head, Philip Labombarde, and Emma Wheeler  Despite an initial convention ending in deadlock, with 9 delegates voting for Hall and the other 9 for Stabile, the party reconvened and ultimately selected Stabile to be the Republican nominee  Stabile would go on to defeat Democratic state representative Selma Pastor and independent candidate Mark Knox, a Nashua alderman, in the special election In 1982, Hall ran for the 11th district of the New Hampshire Senate to replace retiring Republican incumbent Arthur Mann  Hall placed third in the Republican primary, losing to fellow state representative Jean T  White; Hall received 29% of the vote, while White received 40%  The second-place candidate, state representative Richard Amidon, received 31% of the vote  However, Hall won the Democratic nomination as a write-in candidate, receiving 199 votes compared to White's 81 and Amidon's 55  Hall was defeated by White in the general election, receiving 4,668 votes to White's 6,632 

Party switch and later political career
Late 1980s and 1990s
In 1986, Hall switched to the Democratic Party, citing the Republican Party's shift towards conservatism  That year, Hall ran as a Democrat for the state house in Hillsborough County's 16th district  Hall defeated incumbent Republican state representative Barbara Fried, who had been facing charges of embezzlement after it was revealed she used her position as Greenville town clerk to embezzle $10,000 in fees  Hall received 642 votes, while Fried received 555  Hall was narrowly re-elected in 1988, defeating Republican candidate Shirley A  Morley by just 54 votes out of 2,274 cast  Hall was re-elected in 1990, defeating former Republican state representative Webster E  Bridges, 56% to 44% In 1992, Hall ran for re-election in Hillsborough County's 20th district  Hall and Republican Thomas I  Arnold were elected, receiving 1,488 votes and 1,384 votes, respectively  Hall and Arnold had previously served together on the Brookline school board in the 1960s, where Arnold was the school board's moderator  The two were re-elected unopposed in 1994  In 1996, they were again re-elected, with Hall receiving 46% of the vote and Arnold receiving 36%  In 1996, Hall served as the chairman of the Hillsborough County Democratic Party  In 1998, Hall and Arnold were again re-elected  Arnold received 1,063 votes, while Hall received 1,001 Hall was an early supporter of Bill Clinton in the 1992 United States presidential election, and was a delegate for Clinton at the 1996 Democratic Party convention  Hall also praised Richard Lugar during the 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries, supporting his tax policy and stating that he seemed honest 

2000s
In 2000, Hall and Arnold were re-elected unopposed  In 2002, Hall ran for re-election in Hillsborough County's 46th district  However, Hall was defeated in the general election, placing fifth with 12% of the vote In 2004, Hall was arrested and charged with disorderly conduct at a protest against President George W  Bush in Nashua  Hall, who was 83 at the time, was sitting in a chair outside the designated area for protestors, and was close to the presidential motorcade route  Hall was also holding a sign that said, "Bush is bad for America"  After Hall refused to move, three police officers picked Hall up, "chair, cane, and all", carrying her away and arresting her  A photographer captured the arrest, and the incident became national news  Hall was acquitted in September 2004 after Nashua District Court judge Clifford Kinghorn ruled that the evidence provided did not fit the charge of disorderly conduct; Kinghorn stated that "the police had no authority under state law to make Hall move because she wasn't getting in their way"  Hall also explained that she had originally written the law that was being applied to her case Later in 2004, Hall ran again for the state house for Hillsborough County's 5th district  Hall won, placing fourth with 13% of the vote  In the 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Hall was a supporter of Howard Dean's campaign  Hall was re-elected in 2006, placing fourth and receiving 13% of the vote; Hall narrowly defeated fellow incumbent Donald Ryder, a Republican, receiving just 25 more votes than him In 2007, Hall announced her candidacy for chairman of the New Hampshire Democratic Party  Her main opponent was Raymond Buckley, the vice chair of the state party and an executive member of the Democratic National Committee  During the campaign, Buckley, who was considered to be the frontrunner, was falsely accused of possessing child pornography by former state representative Steve Vaillancourt, who had been a former friend of his  Buckley was exonerated following an official state investigation, and Vaillancourt later stated that he had exaggerated in the allegations  Later in the campaign, Joe Kelly Levasseur, the chairman of the Manchester Republican Party, posted an old home video of Buckley to YouTube, in which Buckley, who is openly gay, is seen "cursing and unzipping his pants", as well as highlighting Buckley's membership in a MySpace group called "Gays in New Hampshire"  Despite this, Buckley maintained his support amongst statewide Democrats, with the exception of U S  representative Paul Hodes, who withdrew his support for Buckley following the release of the video  Buckley ultimately defeated Hall, receiving 109 votes to Hall's 17  A third candidate, former state house Democratic Leader Jim Craig, withdrew following Buckley's exoneration, but remained on the ballot 

Proposed impeachment of George W  Bush
In 2008, Hall again gained national prominence for introducing a bill in the New Hampshire House of Representatives which would petition the United States Congress to introduce articles to impeach President Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney for high crimes and misdemeanors relating to the Iraq War  The bill accused Bush and Cheney of electioneering, torture, unlawful surveillance, misleading Congress, and violating the United Nations Charter by engaging in an unlawful aggressive war, as well as other alleged crimes  The bill, New Hampshire House Resolution 24, cited section 603 of Jefferson's Manual, which states that "an impeachment may be set in motion by the United States House of Representatives by charges transmitted from the legislature of a state"  In 1973, Hall had opposed a similar bill calling for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon Hall campaigned for impeachment alongside U S  representative Dennis Kucinich, whose campaign she supported in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries  Hall's bill was supported by Pentagon Papers leaker Daniel Ellsberg, former US attorney general Ramsey Clark, and former director of the Strategic Defense Initiative Robert M  Bowman  However, the bill also had several outspoken opponents, such as Republican state representative David Hess, who stated he had "never seen a document more vitriolic and more inflammatory" In February 2008, the House State-Federal Relations and Veterans Affairs Committee voted 10-5 to recommend that the House not vote for the bill  In April 2008, the state house voted 227-95 to table the resolution, effectively killing the legislation  Some Democrats who voted in favor of tabling the bill, such as state representatives Ray Gagnon and Susan Almy, both of whom said they supported the bill in principle, stated that the bill would take away time that could be spent fixing everyday issues  Bernie Benn, another Democratic state representative, stated that impeachment would be too divisive 

Independent candidacies
Later in 2008, Hall ran for the 12th district of the New Hampshire Senate as an independent candidate, despite still being a registered Democrat  Hall placed a distant third with just 10% of the vote  Democrat Peggy Gilmour won with 47% of the vote, while Republican state representative Paul LaFlamme received 43%  In 2010, Hall officially switched her party registration to independent, stating that she "wanted to make a statement [that] neither party was doing what they should be"  That year, Hall ran as an independent candidate for the New Hampshire House of Representatives in Hillsborough County's 5th district  However, Hall placed seventh out of eight candidates, receiving just 6% of the vote in the district she formerly represented  In 2012, Hall ran as an independent candidate for the state house in Hillsborough County's 12th district  She placed last out of five candidates, receiving 10% of the vote 

Death
Hall died on April 26, 2018, of congestive heart failure in Petersburgh, New York  At the time of her death, Hall had 5 children, 12 grandchildren, and 21 great-grandchildren 

Tenure
During her tenure with both the Republican and Democratic parties, Hall frequently challenged her party's political establishment  While in the Republican Party, Hall was seen as a member of the party's liberal wing; she was an objector to the Vietnam War and opposed an attempt to outlaw abortion, with Hall stating, "I don't think I should legislate my religious beliefs on someone else"  While a Democrat, Hall was seen as a firebrand emblematic of the party's grassroots base, challenging the Democratic establishment by opposing Buckley in 2007 and leading the attempt to impeach Bush  Hall was described as "a giant among the moral compass-holders in the community" While in the state house, Hall's primary issues were the government integrity and campaign finance reform  Hall was also an advocate for mental health issues  She served as the first president of Milford Regional Counseling Services in the 1970s, and later founded Harbor Homes, an organization that provides transitional housing for people with mental illness  In the 1960s, Hall was also the president of the Waban Association for Retarded Children 

Economy, regulation, and taxation
In 1989, Hall led opposition towards a bill which would introduce new regulations against gravel pit operators  However, the following week, in what was described as "parliamentary shenanigans", the bill was revived, amended, and passed in both chambers of the state legislature  Later in 1989, Hall sponsored a bottle bill which would have introduced a 5-cent deposit on bottles and cans in order finance recycling centers  The bill also called for bottles and cans to be recycled instead of reused  Hall sponsored a similar bill in 1979, which would have imposed a tax ranging from $25 to $9,000 a year on businesses in order to fund litter control and recycling In 1990, New Hampshire's economy collapsed and the state fell heavily into debt  Hall opposed a bill which would order the state to repay all of its bills within 30 days, stating that it didn't solve the problem and "would only make us think we're doing something"  Hall also opposed a budget which would marginally cut spending and levy small taxes, such as a 4-cent cigarette tax and a 5% phone tax, stating that "cutting 10 percent and 20 percent isn't going to do  Nickel and dime taxes aren't going to do it either"  She was instead supportive of the legislature stepping back and allow the governor to "reduce spending any way he could"  Hall had previously opposed the state budget in 1979 due to the inclusion of a 1-cent gas tax  In 2007, Hall supported legislation pushed by the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative which would "reduce carbon pollution from power plants, lower energy bills and strengthen our economy" 

Education
Throughout her career, Hall supported the breaking up of cooperative school districts  Cooperative school districts, known as school administrative units (SAUs), were school districts consisting of multiple towns  Hall said that wealthier, smaller towns would be forced to disproportionately fund an SAU when grouped with poorer, larger towns  She also said the small towns were effectively trapped in the SAU as long as the larger towns were able to out-vote the smaller towns In 1971, Hall sponsored legislation which would establish a volunteer corps to provide assistance and counseling to minors who violated the law  In 1973, she sponsored a bill which would create a scholarship program for college students from New Hampshire  After a first attempt failed in the House, the bill was amended to apply only to students attending in-state colleges  The program would provide matching funds for college students: the state would allocate 25 cents for every dollar given by a private scholarship  During her 2008 state senate campaign, Hall stated that she opposed funding education from property taxes, instead supporting a "pay-as-you-go" model
Context 3: Passage 1:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 2:
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Maria Teresa (born María Teresa Mestre y Batista; 22 March 1956) is the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as the wife of Grand Duke Henri, who acceded to the throne in 2000 

Early life and education
Maria Teresa was born on 22 March 1956 in Marianao, Havana, Cuba, to José Antonio Mestre y Álvarez (1926–1993) and wife  María Teresa Batista y Falla de Mestre (1928–1988), both from bourgeois families of Spanish descent  She is also the granddaughter of Agustín Batista y González de Mendoza, who was the founder of the Trust Company of Cuba, the most powerful Cuban bank prior to the Cuban Revolution In October 1959, at the time of the Cuban Revolution, Maria Teresa Mestre’s parents left Cuba with their children, because the new government headed by Fidel Castro confiscated their properties  The family settled in New York City,  where as a young girl she was a pupil at Marymount School  From 1961 she carried on her studies at the Lycée Français de New York  In her childhood, Maria Teresa Mestre took ballet and singing courses  She practices skiing, ice-skating and water sports  She later lived in Santander, Spain, and in Geneva, Switzerland, where she became a Swiss citizen In 1980, Maria Teresa graduated from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva with a degree in political sciences  While studying there, she met her future husband Henri of Luxembourg 

Social and humanitarian interests
Soon after her marriage, Maria Teresa and the then Hereditary Grand Duke Henri established The Prince Henri and Princess Maria Teresa Foundation to help those with special needs integrate fully into society  In 2001, she and her husband created The Grand Duke and Grand Duchess Foundation, launched upon the accession of the couple as the new Grand Duke and Duchess of Luxembourg  In 2004, the Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess Maria Teresa Foundation was created after the merging of the two previous foundations 
In 1997, Maria Teresa was made a special ambassador for UNESCO, working to expand education for young girls and women and help to fight poverty Since 2005, Maria Teresa has been the chairwoman of the international jury of the European Microfinance Award, which annually awards holders of microfinance and inclusive finance initiatives in developing countries  Also, since 2006, Maria Teresa has been honorary president of the LuxFLAG (Luxembourg Fund Labeling Agency), the first agency to label responsible microfinance investment funds around the world On 19 April 2007, the Grand Duchess was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008), and Burundi (2009) She is a member of the Honorary Board of the International Paralympic Committee and a patron of the Ligue Luxembourgeoise de Prévention et d’Action medico-sociales and SOS Villages d’Enfants Monde  The Grand Duchess and her husband Grand Duke Henri are the members of the Mentor Foundation (London), created under the patronage of the World Health Organization  She is also the president of the Luxembourg Red Cross and the Cancer Foundation  In 2016, she organized the first international forum on learning disabilities in Luxembourg The Grand Duchess supports the UNESCO “Breaking the Poverty Cycle of Women” project in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan  The purpose of this project is to improve the living conditions of girls, women and their families  As honorary president of her own foundation, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa set up a project called Projet de la Main Tendue after visiting the Bujumbura prison in 2009 in Burundi  The purpose of this project is to liberate minor people from prison and to give them new opportunities for their future 
In October 2016, Maria Teresa accepted an invitation to join the eminent international Council of Patrons of the Asian University for Women (AUW) in Chittagong, Bangladesh  The university, which is the product of east-west foundational partnerships (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Society Foundation, IKEA Foundation, etc ) and regional cooperation, serves extraordinarily talented women from 15 countries across Asia and the Middle East In 2019, Maria Teresa presented her initiative "Stand Speak Rise Up!" to end sexual violence in fragile environments, launched in cooperation with the Women’s Forum and with the support of the Luxembourg government  The conference is in partnership with the Dr  Denis Mukwege Foundation and We Are Not Weapons of War In 2020 the Prime Minister of Luxembourg commissioned a report into the Cour le Grand Ducal following concerns over its working  The report found that up to 1/3 of employees had left since 2015 and that "The most important decisions in the field of personnel management, whether at the level of recruitment, assignment to the various departments or even at the dismissal level are taken by HRH the Grand Duchess ” Several newspaper reports at the time highlighted a 'culture of fear' around the Grand Duchess and "that no-one bar the Prime Minister dared confront her"  The report also raised concerns about the use of public funds to pay for the Grand Duchess' personal website and that this had been prioritised over the Cour's own official website  There were also allegations that staff at the Court has been subject to physical abuse and these reports were investigated by the Luxembourg judicial police 
In February 2023 it was reported by several Luxembourg based media that the Grand Duchess had once again been accused of treating staff poorly during an outfit fitting in October 22  The incident even involved the Prime Minister of Luxembourg having to speak to the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess about the treatment of the staff and commissioning a report into it 

Family
Maria Teresa married Prince Henri of Luxembourg in a civil ceremony on 4 February 1981 and a religious ceremony on 14 February 1981, since Valentine's Day was their favourite holiday  The consent of the Grand Duke had been previously given on 7 November 1980  She received a bouquet of red roses and a sugarcane as a wedding gift from Cuban leader, Fidel Castro  The couple has five children: Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince Félix of Luxembourg, Prince Louis of Luxembourg, Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, and Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg, They were born at Maternity Hospital in Luxembourg City 

Honours
National
Luxembourg:
 Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
 Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau

Foreign
Austria: Grand Star  of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold I
 Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
 Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant
 Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
 France: Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit
 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence
 Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 Japan: Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
 Latvia: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars
 Netherlands:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
 Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav
Portugal-
 Portuguese Royal Family:
Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel
 Portugal:
Grand Cross of the Order of Christ
Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Grand Cross of the Order of Infante Henry
Grand Cross of the Order of Camões
 Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
 Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III
 Sweden:
Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star
Recipient of the 50th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf

Footnotes
External links
 Media related to Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg at Wikimedia Commons
Official website
The Mentor Foundation charity website
Passage 3:
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (1875–1964)
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (German: Auguste Maria Luise Prinzessin von Bayern; 28 April 1875 – 25 June 1964) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and the spouse of Archduke Joseph August of Austria 

Birth and family
Auguste was born in Munich, Bavaria, the second child of Prince Leopold of Bavaria and his wife, Archduchess Gisela of Austria  She had one older sister, Princess Elisabeth Marie of Bavaria and two younger brothers, Prince Georg of Bavaria and Prince Konrad of Bavaria 

Marriage and issue
She married Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, on 15 November 1893 in Munich  The couple had six children;

Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, born on 28 March 1895; died on 25 September 1957(1957-09-25) (aged 62)
Archduchess Gisela Auguste Anna Maria, born on 5 July 1897; died on 30 March 1901(1901-03-30) (aged 3)
Archduchess Sophie Klementine Elisabeth Klothilde Maria, born on 11 March 1899; died on 19 April 1978(1978-04-19) (aged 79)
Archduke Ladislaus Luitpold, born on 3 January 1901; died on 29 August 1946(1946-08-29) (aged 44)
Archduke Matthias Joseph Albrecht Anton Ignatius, born on 26 June 1904; died on 7 October 1905(1905-10-07) (aged 1)
Archduchess Magdalena Maria Raineria, born on 6 September 1909; died on 11 May 2000(2000-05-11) (aged 90)

Ancestry
World War I
On the outbreak of war with Italy in 1915, Augusta Maria Louise, though in her 40s and the mother of a son serving as an officer, went to the front with the cavalry regiment of which her husband, the Archduke Josef August, a corps commander, was honorary colonel, and served a common soldier, wearing a saber and riding astride, until the end of the war 
Passage 4:
Marie-Louise Coidavid
Queen Marie Louise Coidavid (1778 – 11 March 1851) was the Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti 1811–20 as the spouse of Henri Christophe 

Early life
Marie-Louise was born into a free black family; her father was the owner of Hotel de la Couronne, Cap-Haïtien  Henri Christophe was a slave purchased by her father  Supposedly, he earned enough money in tips from his duties at the hotel that he was able to purchase his freedom before the Haitian Revolution  They married in Cap-Haïtien in 1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior  They had four children: François Ferdinand (born 1794), Françoise-Améthyste (d  1831), Athénaïs (d  1839) and Victor-Henri 
At her spouse's new position in 1798, she moved to the Sans-Souci Palace  During the French invasion, she and her children lived underground until 1803 

Queen
In 1811, Marie-Louise was given the title of queen upon the creation of the Kingdom of Haiti  Her new status gave her ceremonial tasks to perform, ladies-in-waiting, a secretary and her own court  She took her position seriously, and stated that the title "given to her by the nation" also gave her responsibilities and duties to perform  She served as the hostess of the ceremonial royal court life performed at the Sans-Souci Palace  She did not involve herself in the affairs of state  She was given the position of Regent should her son succeed her spouse while still being a minor   However, as her son became of age before the death of his father, this was never to materialize After the death of the king in 1820, she remained with her daughters Améthyste and Athénaïs at the palace until they were escorted from it by his followers together with his corpse; after their departure, the palace was attacked and plundered  Marie-Louise and her daughters were given the property Lambert outside Cap  She was visited by president Jean Pierre Boyer, who offered her his protection; he denied the spurs of gold she gave him, stating that he was the leader of poor people  They were allowed to settle in Port-au-Prince  Marie-Louise was described as calm and resigned, but her daughters, especially Athénaïs, were described as vengeful 

Exile
The Queen was in exile for 30 years  In August 1821, the former queen left Haiti with her daughters under the protection of the British admiral Sir Home Popham, and travelled to London  There were rumours that she was searching for the money, three million, deposited by her spouse in Europe  Whatever the case, she did live the rest of her life without economic difficulties  The English climate and pollution during the Industrial Revolution was determintal to Améthyste's health, and eventually they decided to leave In 1824, Marie-Louise and her daughters moved in Pisa in Italy, where they lived for the rest of their lives, Améthyste dying shortly after their arrival and Athénaïs in 1839  They lived discreetly for the most part, but were occasionally bothered by fortune hunters and throne claimers who wanted their fortune  Shortly before her death, she wrote to Haiti for permission to return  She never did, however, before she died in Italy  She is buried in the church of San Donnino  A historical marker was installed in front of the church on April 23, 2023 to commemorate the Queen, her daughter and her sister 

See also
Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité
Adélina Lévêque
Passage 5:
Mehdi Abrishamchi
Mehdi Abrishamchi (Persian: مهدی ابریشم‌چی born in 1947 in Tehran) is a high-ranking member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) 

Early life
Abrishamchi came from a well-known anti-Shah bazaari family in Tehran, and participated in June 5, 1963, demonstrations in Iran  He became a member of Hojjatieh, and left it to join the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in 1969  In 1972 he was imprisoned for being a MEK member, and spent time in jail until 1979 

Career
Shortly after Iranian Revolution, he became one of the senior members of the MEK  He is now an official in the National Council of Resistance of Iran 

Electoral history
Personal life
Abrishamchi was married to Maryam Rajavi from 1980 to 1985  Shortly after, he married Mousa Khiabani's younger sister Azar 

Legacy
Abrishamchi credited Massoud Rajavi for saving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran after the "great schism" 
Passage 6:
Adib Kheir
Adib Kheir (Arabic: أديب الخير) was a leading Syrian nationalist of the 1920s  He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle in Damascus  His granddaughter is the spouse of Manaf Tlass 
Passage 7:
This Time (Waylon Jennings song)
"This Time" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Waylon Jennings  It is the title track from the album This Time and was released in April 1974 as the album's first single  The song reached No  1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in June 1974 and was his first of fourteen country No  1 hits 

Chart performance
Passage 8:
Gertrude of Bavaria
Gertrude of Bavaria (Danish and German: Gertrud; 1152/55–1197) was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI 
Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähringen in either 1152 or 1155  She was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia, in 1166, and became a widow in 1167  In 1171 she was engaged and in February 1177 married to Canute of Denmark in Lund  The couple lived the first years in Skåne  On 12 May 1182, they became king and queen  She did not have any children  During her second marriage, she chose to live in chastity and celibacy with her husband  Arnold of Lübeck remarked of their marriage, that her spouse was: "The most chaste one, living thus his days with his chaste spouse" in eternal chastity 
Passage 9:
Waylon Jennings
Waylon Arnold Jennings (born Wayland Arnold Jennings; June 15, 1937 – February 13, 2002) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor  He pioneered the Outlaw Movement in country music 
Jennings started playing guitar at the age of eight and performed at age fourteen on KVOW radio, after which he formed his first band, The Texas Longhorns  Jennings left high school at age sixteen, determined to become a musician, and worked as a performer and DJ on KVOW, KDAV, KYTI, KLLL, in Coolidge, Arizona, and Phoenix  In 1958, Buddy Holly arranged Jennings's first recording session, and hired him to play bass  Jennings gave up his seat on the ill-fated flight in 1959 that crashed and killed Holly, J  P  "The Big Bopper" Richardson and Ritchie Valens 
Jennings then formed a rockabilly club band, The Waylors, which became the house band at "JD's", a club in Scottsdale, Arizona  He recorded for independent label Trend Records and A&M Records, but did not achieve success until moving to RCA Victor, when he acquired Neil Reshen as his manager, who negotiated significantly better touring and recording contracts  After he gained creative control from RCA Records, he released the critically acclaimed albums Lonesome, On'ry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes, followed by the hit albums Dreaming My Dreams and Are You Ready for the Country 
During the 1970s, Jennings drove outlaw country  With Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser and Jessi Colter he recorded country music's first platinum album, Wanted! The Outlaws  It was followed by Ol' Waylon and the hit song "Luckenbach, Texas"  He was featured on the 1978 album White Mansions, performed by various artists documenting the lives of Confederates during the Civil War  He appeared in films and television series, including Sesame Street, and a stint as the balladeer for The Dukes of Hazzard, composing and singing the show's theme song and providing narration for the show  By the early 1980s, Jennings struggled with cocaine addiction, which he overcame in 1984  Later, he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen with Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, and Johnny Cash, which released three albums between 1985 and 1995  During that period, Jennings released the successful album Will the Wolf Survive 
Jennings toured less after 1997 to spend more time with his family



ground_truth: Washington

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both Beauty And The Bad Man and Wild Child (Film) films have the directors from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Government integrity and reform
In 1972, Hall supported an election reform bill which would restrict candidates from working in polling places in which their name was on the ballot  She was the only representative from a small town to support the bill  Introduced by state representative Chris Spirou, the bill had public support, but faced heavy opposition in the House after being "verbally beaten into the ground by many state representatives from small towns who double as election officials in their home communities"  In her support for the bill, Hall said that it could allow for more people to become involved in the political process 
While with Common Cause in 1977, Hall supported a state ethics commission to watch over the state legislature, stating that at the time New Hampshire was the only state that didn't have conflict-of-interest legislation  In 1979, Hall supported a rule change in the state house that would require all members of the House to list their sources of income  In the mid-2000s, Hall stated her concerned with the outsourcing of New Hampshire's vote counting systems to private companies, citing security and integrity concerns  In 2006, Hall proposed a bill which would make primary and general election days a state holiday  The same year, Hall supported a rules change in the state house which would end segregated party seating, which she said increased partisanship by keeping members of opposing parties separated from each other  During her independent candidacies, Hall also advocated for elections to be publicly funded in order to limit the effects of corporate influence on elections  Due to her work on campaign finance reform, Hall was frequently compared to Doris Haddock, who she was friends with, and with whom she collaborated on election reform issues with 

Notes
Passage 2:
William Worthington (actor)
William Worthington (April 8, 1872 in Troy, New York – April 9, 1941 in Beverly Hills, California) was an American silent film actor and director 

Career
Worthington became interested in the performing arts when he began his career as an opera singer and stage actor  He entered films with a lead role in 1913, and one of his more notable films was Damon and Pythias in 1914  From 1917 to 1925, William concentrated on directing films and was the head of a film production firm called Multicolor, which was bought by Cinecolor in 1932  He was active in films up until his death in 1941 

Filmography
Actor
Director
See also
Multicolor
Passage 3:
Wild Child (film)
Wild Child is a 2008 teen comedy film directed by Nick Moore and starring Emma Roberts, Natasha Richardson, Shirley Henderson, Alex Pettyfer and Aidan Quinn, with Georgia King, Kimberley Nixon, Juno Temple, Linzey Cocker and Sophie Wu  Roberts portrays Poppy Moore, a wealthy and spoiled American teenager who is sent to a boarding school in England by her widowed father, where she soon learns the true meaning of life and friendship  This was Richardson's final film role before her death the following year 

Plot
Poppy Moore, a wealthy but spoiled and rebellious teenager from Malibu, California, damages and discards the belongings of her widowed father's new girlfriend, Rosemary  She grabs a handful of Rosemary's clothes and jumps into the ocean just as her furious father, Gerry, arrives  Gerry announces he will be sending Poppy to Abbey Mount, a boarding school in England, in the hopes that attending the school will turn her life around  When Poppy arrives at Abbey Mount, she is warmly greeted by the headmistress Mrs  Kingsley, and later the head girl, Harriet Bentley, who is disgusted by her sense of entitlement  Poppy learns to her dismay that the bedrooms are communal and is introduced to Kate, Josie, Kiki and Jennifer, also known as "Drippy"  She is initially hostile towards her new roommates upon meeting them, and her behaviour gets them into trouble when she insults the Matron, who confiscates their cellphones and gives them three weeks of detention 
When Kate asks Poppy about her mother, she reveals that she died in a car crash when Poppy was eleven years old  Kate lets Poppy use her actual cellphone to message her friend from back home, Ruby, who is secretly cheating with Poppy's boyfriend, Roddy  The girls decide to help Poppy get expelled from Abbey Mount by carrying out several pranks, which gradually brings them closer together  When none of their plans work, they decide to have Poppy seduce Mrs  Kingsley's son, Freddie, who is forbidden from fraternizing with the female students  After the girls go shopping at a charity shop, they take Poppy to a hair salon for a makeover, where hairdresser Mr  Christopher removes her blonde hair dye and reveals her natural brunette hair  At the school dance, Freddie rejects Harriet in favour of dancing with Poppy, much to Harriet's dismay  Poppy trips on the dancefloor and Freddie takes her outside for fresh air, where he asks her out on a date  
The next day, Poppy discovers her newfound talent for lacrosse and becomes the team's new captain  After several weeks of practicing and improving their skills, the team advances to the finals for the first time since 1976  Finding themselves falling in love with one another, Poppy and Freddie go for a drive in the countryside, where Freddie takes Poppy out for lunch and they kiss  Poppy returns to school only to find her roommates reading an email allegedly written by her, suggesting she was pretending to be friends with them so she could get herself expelled and return to Malibu  Poppy claims she did not write the emails, but the girls refuse to listen and walk out on her  When Freddie receives a similar email, Poppy tries to explain herself, but he slams the door in her face  With no one else to turn to, Poppy sneaks into the kitchen and calls Ruby, who accidentally reveals her affair with Roddy and hangs up on her  
Feeling even more alone, Poppy starts playing with her lighter and accidentally sets a curtain on fire  Hearing footsteps, she quickly puts out the fire and runs back to her bedroom, but a few minutes later, Drippy sees the curtains engulfed in flames and is locked inside the freezer  When Poppy is awoken by the sound of an explosion, she looks out the window and sees the fire growing and immediately wakes the school  When everyone realizes Drippy is missing, Poppy runs into the burning school to rescue her  After the fire is extinguished, Freddie finds her lighter and gives it back to her, refusing to hear any explanation  Realizing she no longer wants to leave, Poppy writes an apology letter to Freddie and later goes to Mrs  Kingsley's office to take the blame for the fire  Afterwards, she finds a portrait of her late mother in the 1976 Abbey Mount lacrosse team and begins to cry upon realizing her mother had attended the school  
While Poppy waits for the Honour Court to decide whether or not she should be expelled, Freddie finds her crying and becomes convinced the fire was an accident, and forgives her  Meanwhile, Drippy reads aloud Poppy's diary, revealing how much Poppy likes her roommates, and Kiki discovers who actually wrote the emails  At the hearing, Poppy gives her testimony and Harriet is determined to prove her guilt, while Poppy's roommates arrive and begin whispering to the other girls  When they all stand up in support of Poppy, Harriet bursts into a tirade and mentions Poppy's lighter  The girls realize that no lighter was ever mentioned and Mrs  Kingsley questions how Harriet knew about the lighter  When Poppy deduces that Harriet was responsible, Harriet snaps at her and accidentally confesses to restarting the fire after Poppy had put it out  A furious Mrs  Kingsley demands to see Harriet in her office and Poppy is absolved  
At the lacrosse finals, Gerry arrives and is taken aback by Poppy's dramatic change in personality and how much she resembles her mother  Abbey Mount wins the lacrosse championship and Poppy, who admits that her father did the right thing by enrolling her at the school, reconciles with him  The next morning, Harriet is expelled and prepares to leave with her father, but not before Harriet's former friends toss her dead pheasants out the window and onto her  Several months later, Poppy and Freddie have resumed their relationship, and she invites her roommates to a pool party at her Malibu mansion  When Freddie notices Ruby trying to call Poppy, she ignores her, now well aware she is not a real friend, and the girls prepare to jump into the ocean 

Cast
Production
The interiors of the boarding school were filmed at Cobham Hall in Kent  The facade of the school was filmed at Balls Park  They also filmed at 82 Main Street, 84 Main Street, 117 Main Street, and at the Brontë Parsonage Museum in Haworth, Keighley, Bradford  Filming also took place in Harrogate, and at Robin Hood's Bay in North Yorkshire 

Reception
Wild Child was released in the United Kingdom on 15 August 2008, taking fifth place at the box office with $2,196,366 from 359 cinemas with an average of $6,118  In its fourth weekend, it dropped to twelfth place  As of November 2008, Wild Child had grossed $8,235,794  In Australia, Wild Child was released 18 September, taking fourth place with only 93 cinemas and making $315,114  The following week, it made a 60% increase with $566,918 but still slipped to 6th place  On 16 October, Wild Child fell to 11th  As of November 2008, Wild Child had grossed US$3,268,424 (A$4,236,579) in Australia  The film has been released in many other countries, proving popular in some: the Netherlands ($1,553,825) and not so popular in others  The film has grossed a worldwide total of $21,972,336  Universal had planned a North American release in the summer of 2009, but canceled it and chose to release the film directly to DVD 

Critical response
Wild Child has a 41% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 27 reviews with an average rating of 4 8/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "More mild than wild  This tween comedy mess falls flat on its face due to poor characters, poor direction and poor jokes"  The Sun Online gave the film 2/5 saying "WILD? More like mild, unless you think short skirts and 'horse face' put-downs are outrageous " Urban Cinefile gave Wild Child a much more favourable review, stating "The film has an energy and honesty about it: it's lively, funny and smart and the characters are appealing "
Rating the film 2 out of 5 stars, The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw deemed the film's story and characters "amiable enough, but still a bit tame" compared to films such as Clueless and Freaky Friday  Describing Wild Child as "A tweenie comedy with an uplifting American-style sports movie awkwardly bolted on", David Gritten of The Daily Telegraph considered the film to be "a mess" with predictable plot twists and inferior to the film Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging  In a mostly positive review for Variety, Leslie Felperin wrote that Dahl's script "puts more emphasis on character development and plot mechanics than the recent, slapstick-laden, girls’-school-set "St  Trinian's," and still manages to have funnier one-liners"  Felperin also found that the film's "third-act endorsement of female friendship turns out to be surprisingly affecting, despite obvious sentimentality " Meanwhile, Jack Wilson of The Age took a different view of the characters' development, finding that Dahl's screenplay "dwells unpleasantly on cruelty and humiliation, and finally Poppy does little more than exchange one form of snobbery for another "

DVD release
Wild Child was released on DVD in the United Kingdom on 8 December 2008  In Australia, it was released on 15 January 2009  In the United States, it was released directly to DVD on 17 November 2009 

Soundtrack
Wild Child: The Movie Soundtrack Party Album is a soundtrack album by the film of the same name, released in the United Kingdom and Australia on 18 August 2008  In the United States, the soundtrack wasn't released 
Track listing
Other songs non-includedThe following songs appeared in the movie and trailers, although they were not included on the soundtrack for the film, due to licensing restrictions:

"Angels" – Robbie Williams
"Black Gloves" – Goose
"Chasing Pavements" – Adele
"Heaven Is a Place on Earth" – Belinda Carlisle
"I Got It from My Mama" – will i am
"Real Wild Child" – Everlife
"Roadkill Morning" – Children of Bodom
"Set 'Em Up" – Imran Hanif
"You Think I Don't Care" - Jack McManus
"Surrender Your Groove" – Geri Halliwell
"Toxic" (instrumental) – Britney Spears
Passage 4:
Nick Moore (film director)
Nick Moore is a British film director and editor  He directed the 2011 British Movie Horrid Henry: The Movie  He directed the 2008 Wild Child, and other previous work included editing the 1997 The Full Monty for which he was nominated for a BAFTA award, the 1999 hit  Notting Hill, the 2002 About a Boy for which he was nominated for the American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical, and the 2003 Love Actually 

Filmography
Director
2008: Wild Child
2011: Horrid Henry: The Movie
2014: Pudsey: The Movie

Editor
1983: Never Say Never Again
1987: Empire of the Sun
1989: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
1990: Spies Inc 
1990: Memphis Belle
1991: Meeting Venus
1992: Orlando
1993: Little Buddha
1994: A Business Affair
1994: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
1996: Mission: Impossible
1997: The Full Monty
1998: The Land Girls
1998: Divorcing Jack
1999: Notting Hill
2000: Beautiful Joe
2001: What's the Worst That Could Happen?
2001: Ghost World
2001: All the Queen's Men
2002: About a Boy
2003: Love Actually
2004: Along Came Polly
2004: Christmas with the Kranks
2005: Nanny McPhee
2006: Freedomland
2006: Little Man
2007: Meet Bill
2008: Last Chance Harvey
2010: Leap Year
2010: Morning Glory
2012: Mirror Mirror
2013: Enough Said
2014: Finding Fanny
2014: She's Funny That Way
2015: Jenny's Wedding
2015: Burnt
2016: Bridget Jones's Baby
2017: The Ottoman Lieutenant
2018: Patrick
2018: King of Thieves
Passage 5:
Tula Belle
Tula Belle (28 July 1906 – 13 October 1992) was an American child film actress  She was born in what is now Oslo, Norway She starred in The Blue Bird 

Filmography
The Brand of Cowardice (1916)
Over the Hill (1917)
The Vicar of Wakefield (1917)
The Blue Bird (1918)
A Doll's House (1918) based on A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen
At the Mercy of Men (1918)
Deliverance (1919)
The Miracle Man (1919)
Old Dad (1920)
Passage 6:
West of Shanghai
West of Shanghai is a 1937 American adventure film directed by John Farrow and starring Boris Karloff as a Chinese warlord  It is based on the 1920 Porter Emerson Browne play The Bad Man  Three other films, all titled The Bad Man, are also based on the same play: 

in 1923, directed by Edwin Carewe and starring Holbrook Blinn
in 1930, directed by Clarence Badger and starring Walter Huston
in 1941, starring Wallace Beery and Ronald Reagan and directed by Richard Thorpe 

Plot
On a train bound for lawless northern China, businessman Gordon Creed (Ricardo Cortez) encounters acquaintance Myron Galt (Douglas Wood) and his attractive daughter Lola (Sheila Bromley)  Galt is on his way to foreclose on a very promising oilfield built up by Jim Hallet (Gordon Oliver)  Creed, on the other hand, wants to offer Hallet enough money to pay off his loan from Galt (for a tidy share of the oilfield) 
Creed is annoyed when his reserved compartment is appropriated by General Chow Fu-Shan (Vladimir Sokoloff)  The general is on his way to deal with self-styled General Wu Yen Fang (Boris Karloff), a warlord who has taken control of a province  However, Chow Fu-Shan is assassinated on the train by one of Fang's men 
After being questioned by military governor General Ma (Tetsu Komai), the three travel by horse to a remote town, where they find not only Hallet (Gordon Oliver), but Creed's estranged wife Jane (Beverly Roberts), who is working for missionary Dr  Abernathy (Gordon Hart)  Then, Fang's subordinate, Captain Kung Nui (Chester Gan) and his men take over the town  When Kung Nui casts his eyes on Jane, Hallet impulsively punches him  Jane and Hallet have fallen in love, though she does not believe in divorce and has kept their relationship strictly platonic  Hallet is knocked out and imprisoned 
When Fang arrives, he tries to persuade Jane to go with him, promising she would enjoy it (blithely explaining "I am Fang")  Hallet escapes with the help of an associate disguised as one of Fang's soldiers, and sends him to notify General Ma of Fang's whereabouts  Hallet then breaks in on Fang and Jane's private discussion  Fang remembers Hallet, who once hid a coolie and dug three bullets out of his shoulder; that was Fang before his meteoric rise  The warlord decides to help his benefactor  Fang robs Creed of $50,000, uses it to pay Galt what Hallet owes, then takes the money and offers it to Dr  Abernathy 
Creed bribes Captain Kung Nui to rebel against Fang  Kung Nui wants to regain face by having Hallet executed  Fang pretends to give in, but just before a firing squad shoots the oilman, Fang has his right-hand man, Mr  Cheng (Richard Loo), kill Kung Nui  Afterward, Fang personally shoots Creed to fix Hallet's romantic problem, but only manages to wound him 
Government troops arrive and force their way into the town  In the confusion, Jane, accompanied by Hallet, goes to attend to her husband's wound  Creed produces a gun and announces that Hallet is going to have a fatal accident, but is killed by Fang 
With the battle lost, Fang decides to surrender rather than risk the lives of his captives by fighting to the end  He is taken out and shot 

Cast
Boris Karloff as General Wu Yen Fang
Beverly Roberts as Mrs  Jane Creed
Ricardo Cortez as Gordon Creed
Gordon Oliver as Jim Hallet
Sheila Bromley as Lola Galt
Douglas Wood as Myron Galt
Vladimir Sokoloff as General Chow Fu-Shan
Gordon Hart as Dr  Abernathy
Richard Loo as Mr  Cheng
Chester Gan as Captain Kung Nui
Tetsu Komai as General Ma

Production
This was the second film John Farrow directed for Warner Bros 
Karloff was to make Black Widow for Warner Bros  But the studio pushed forward the film in their schedule to take advantage of the Second Sino-Japanese War It was known during production as China Bandit, then War Lord, then The Adventures of Fang  Filming took place in February 1937 Willard Parker was to have made his debut in the film  Karloff's makeup required three hours of work per day; this was less time than was required for his non-human roles 

Reception
The New York Times wrote Karloff "admirably acquits himself as a comedian" in the film which nonetheless had "atmospheric validity" due to "numerous Chinese extras and an imaginative treatment of sets "

See also
Boris Karloff filmography
Passage 7:
John Chaffey
John Chaffey is an English osteopathic doctor and former child film actor 

Film career
Chaffey was featured in many television adverts as a child  He is best remembered for a role in the 1973 Peter Sellers movie The Optimists of Nine Elms 

Medical career
Chaffey studied at University of East London, receiving in 1991 a research-based degree comparing osteopathic and physiotherapeutic interventions in the mechanical discomforts of pregnancy  He qualified at the British School of Osteopathy (1988)  He headed an osteopathic group practice beginning in 1991, working with a team of 11 osteopathic specialists  He attained leadership positions in the UK Osteopathy profession, being appointed as a Member of Council of UK Regulator, the General Osteopathic Council, in 2012  He is a member of the Education and Registration Standards Committee 
Chaffey has worked in osteopathic education since 1991 as a lecturer and clinic tutor  He is currently a Clinical Tutor
at the European School of Osteopathy, lecturing on communication and compliance issues  He was Module Leader for Osteopathy for 2 years at Oxford Brookes University, and currently serves as an external examiner for that institution  He became an external examiner for Final Clinical Competence in 2001 
Passage 8:
Shreya Sharma
Shreya Sharma  is an Indian child film actress  She lives in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 

Filmography
She acted first at the age of 13 in film The Blue Umbrella 

Other
On the occasion of 125th birth year of popular Hindi writer Chandradhar Sharma ‘Guleri’, a special screening of the film Usne Kaha Tha based on one of his popular stories was held on 19 July 2008 in the capital city of Himachal Pradesh  Shreya Sharma narrated the story ahead of the screening, held at Auckland House School, Longwood 
Passage 9:
Beauty and the Bad Man
Beauty and the Bad Man is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by William Worthington and starring Mabel Ballin, Forrest Stanley, and Russell Simpson 

Plot
As described in a film magazine review, Cassie, an orphan with vocal abilities, enters the mining town after fleeing from her worthless husband of one day  She meets the gambler, who likes her and stakes her with the money he won after breaking the bank  She uses the money to cultivate her voice, and then returns to the mining town famous  Her old husband wants her to return, and when she refuses he fires a gun, but he is late and is winged by a friend of the gambler  Cassie then realizes her love for the gambler 

Cast
Preservation
With no prints of Beauty and the Bad Man located in any film archives, it is a lost film 
Passage 10:
Alias – the Bad Man
Alias – the Bad Man, also known as Alias Bad Man, is a 1931 American  pre-Code Western film, directed by Phil Rosen and starring Ken Maynard, Virginia Brown Faire, and Frank Mayo  It was released on July 15, 1931 

Plot
Clem Neville and fellow rancher Warner are being plagued by a group of rustlers  He sends for his son, Ken, to come help him round up the criminals  However, when Ken arrives he finds out that his father and Warner have been killed  He does not reveal his identity to any of the townspeople, and Warner's daughter, Mary, suspects him of being one of the rustlers  As they verbally spar, Ken learns that Mary had known of a plan of Clem and her father to trap the rustlers  The only person she shared the information with was Rance Collins  He meets up with an old friend Ranger Simpson, known by the nickname of "Repeater", who he lets know what he is attempting to do 
Suspecting that Rance must be involved, Ken learns who some of his associates are  He follows one back to the gang's hideout, and after overhearing of their plans to finish rustling Warner's cattle, steps into the room and asks for a job  Collins is skeptical, but then Repeater shows up and, as set up before by him and Ken, arrests Ken for Clem's murder  Collins suspicions of Ken are alleviated, and he and some of his men ride after the two  They help Ken escape, during which Ken makes it appear as if Repeater has been killed  However, once back at the hideout, suspicions once again begin to arise  Finally, one of the rustlers returns to the hideout and recognizes Ken from Warner's ranch earlier that day  Surrounded by the gang, Ken's horse, Tarzan comes to his rescue and breaks a window allowing him to escape 
Collins henchmen take off after Ken, while Collins remains behind to continue planning their rustling activities  Ken eludes the gang and doubles back to the hideout  He delays Collins long enough for Repeater to arrive with the sheriff to arrest Collins  Afterwards, Mary apologizes to Ken for jumping to conclusions, and Ken decides to stay on in town and run his father's ranch 

Cast list
Ken Maynard as Ken Neville
Virginia Brown Faire as Mary Warner
Frank Mayo as Rance Collins
Charles King as Black
Robert Homans as Mr  Warner
Irving Bacon as Ranger Simpson
Lafe McKee as Clem Neville

Production
In early April it was announced that one of Maynard's upcoming pictures would be titled, The Bad Man  By the middle of the month, the film had become known as Alias The Bad Man, the third of a series of eight films Maynard was slated to do for Tiffany Productions  On April 18, it was reported that Maynard had wrapped on his prior film, Two Gun Man, and that production on Alias the Bad Man would begin in the near future  The picture began filming the week of May 16, with production complete by the first week in June  The film was released on July 15, 1931 

Reception
The Film Daily gave the film a positive review, lauding the direction, story and cinematography  They also highlighted the acting work of Ken Maynard and Virginia Brown Faire  "The story is above the average western opus material, having an intelligent plot, with plenty of surprises and twists to keep the suspense always at a fever heat " Harrison's Reports said, "A good Western  The story is interesting and there is plenty of action and suspense  Some of the situations will hold the spectator breathless    "
Context 3:  Between 1999 and 2001, his appearances were limited by health problems  In 2001, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame  In 2007, he was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music 

Early life
Wayland Jennings was born on June 15, 1937, on the J W  Bittner farm, near Littlefield, Texas  He was the son of Lorene Beatrice (née Shipley, 1920–2006) and William Albert Jennings (1915–1968)  The Jennings family line descended from Irish and Black-Dutch  The Shipley line descended from his great-grandfather, a farmer and lawman from Tennessee, with Jennings adding that "along the way, a lot of Indian blood mixed in," including Cherokee and Comanche families The name on Jennings's birth certificate was Wayland  It was changed after a Baptist preacher visited his parents and congratulated his mother for naming him after the Wayland Baptist University in Plainview, Texas  Lorene Jennings, who was Church of Christ and had been unaware of the college, changed the spelling to Waylon  Jennings later expressed in his autobiography, "I didn't like Waylon  It sounded so corny and hillbilly, but it's been good to me, and I'm pretty well at peace with it now " After working as a laborer on the Bittner farm, Jennings's father moved the family to Littlefield and established a retail creamery 

Career
Beginnings in music
When Jennings was 8, his mother taught him to play guitar with the tune "Thirty Pieces of Silver"  Jennings used to practice with his relatives' instruments until his mother bought him a used Stella guitar, and later ordered a Harmony Patrician  Early influences included Bob Wills, Floyd Tillman, Ernest Tubb, Hank Williams, Carl Smith, and Elvis Presley Beginning with performing at family gatherings, Jennings played his first public concert at the Youth Center with Anthony Bonanno, followed by appearances at the local Jaycees and Lions Clubs  He won a talent show at Channel 13, in Lubbock, singing "Hey Joe"  He later made frequent performances at the Palace Theater in Littlefield, during local talent night At the age of 14, Jennings auditioned for a spot on KVOW in Littlefield, Texas  Owner J B  McShan, along with Emil Macha, recorded Jennings's performance  McShan liked his style and hired him for a weekly 30-minute program  Following his performance on the show, Jennings formed his own band  He asked Macha to play bass for him and gathered other friends and acquaintances to form The Texas Longhorns  The style of the band—a mixture of Country and Western and Bluegrass music—was often not well received 

After several disciplinary infractions, 16-year-old Jennings was convinced to drop out of Littlefield High School by the superintendent  Upon leaving school, he worked for his father in the family store, while he also took temporary jobs  Jennings felt that music would turn into his career  The next year he, along with The Texas Longhorns, recorded demo versions of the songs "Stranger in My Home" and "There'll Be a New Day" at KFYO radio in Lubbock  Meanwhile, he drove a truck for the Thomas Land Lumber Company, and a cement truck for the Roberts Lumber Company  Tired of the owner, Jennings quit after a minor driving accident  Jennings, and other local musicians, often performed at country radio station KDAV   During this time he met Buddy Holly at a Lubbock restaurant  The two often met during local shows, and Jennings began to attend Holly's performances on KDAV's Sunday Party In addition to performing on air for KVOW, Jennings started to work as a DJ in 1956 and moved to Lubbock  His program ran from 4:00 in the afternoon to 10:00 in the evening, filled with two hours of country classics, two of current country and two of mixed recordings  The latter included early rock-and-roll stars such as Chuck Berry and Little Richard  The owner reprimanded Jennings for his selection, and after playing two Little Richard records in a row Jennings was fired During his time at KVOW Jennings was visited by DJ Sky Corbin of KLVT in Levelland  Corbin was impressed with his voice, and decided to visit Jennings at the station after hearing him sing a jingle to the tune of Hank Snow's "I'm Moving On"  Jennings expressed his struggle to live on a $50-a-week salary  Corbin invited Jennings to visit KLVT, where he eventually took Corbin's position when it opened  The Corbin family later purchased KLLL, in Lubbock  They changed the format of the station to country, becoming the main competition of KDAV  The Corbins hired Jennings as the station's first DJ 

Jennings produced commercials and created jingles with the rest of the DJs  As their popularity increased, the DJs made public appearances  Jennings's events included live performances  During one performance, Holly's father, L O  Holley, approached them with his son's latest record and asked them to play it at the station  L O  mentioned his son's intention to start producing artists himself, and Corbin recommended Jennings  After returning from his tour of England Buddy Holly visited KLLL Holly took Jennings as his first artist  He outfitted him with new clothes, and worked with him to improve his image  He arranged a session for Jennings at Norman Petty's recording studios in Clovis, New Mexico  On September 10, Jennings recorded the songs "Jole Blon" and "When Sin Stops (Love Begins)" with Holly and Tommy Allsup on guitars and saxophonist King Curtis  Holly then hired Jennings to play bass for him during his "Winter Dance Party Tour" 

Winter Dance Party Tour
Before the tour, Holly vacationed with his wife in Lubbock and visited Jennings's radio station in December 1958  Jennings and Sky Corbin performed the hand claps to Holly's tune "You're the One"  Jennings and Holly soon left for New York City, arriving on January 15, 1959  Jennings stayed at Holly's apartment by Washington Square Park prior to a meeting scheduled at the headquarters of the General Artists Corporation, that organized the tour  They later took a train to Chicago to join the band 

The Winter Dance Party tour began in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on January 23, 1959  The amount of travel created logistical problems, as the distance between venues had not been considered when scheduling each performance  Adding to the problem, the unheated tour buses twice broke down in freezing weather, leading to drummer Carl Bunch being hospitalized for frostbite on his toes  Holly made the decision to find another means of transportation Before their performance at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, Holly chartered a four-seat Beechcraft Bonanza airplane from Dwyer Flying Service in Mason City, Iowa, for himself, Jennings, and Tommy Allsup, to avoid the long bus trip to their next venue in Moorhead, Minnesota  Following the Clear Lake show (which ended around midnight), Allsup lost a coin toss and gave up his seat on the charter plane to Ritchie Valens, while Jennings voluntarily gave up his seat to J  P  Richardson, known as The Big Bopper, who was suffering from the flu and complaining about how cold and uncomfortable the tour bus was for a man of his size When Holly learned that his bandmates had given up their seats on the plane and had chosen to take the bus rather than fly, a friendly banter between Holly and Jennings ensued, and it would come back to haunt Jennings for decades to follow: Holly jokingly told Jennings, "Well, I hope your ol' bus freezes up!" Jennings jokingly replied, "Well, I hope your ol' plane crashes!" Less than an hour and a half later, shortly after 1:00 am on February 3, 1959, Holly's charter plane crashed into a cornfield outside Mason City, instantly killing all on board Later that morning, Jennings's family heard on the radio that "Buddy Holly and his band had been killed " After calling his family, Jennings called Sky Corbin at KLLL from Fargo to confirm that he had not been aboard the plane  The General Artists Corporation promised to pay for first-class tickets for Jennings and the band to attend Holly's funeral in Lubbock in exchange for them playing that night in Moorhead  After the first show, they were initially denied their payment by the venue, but after Jennings's persistence, they were paid  The flights were never paid for, and Jennings and Allsup continued the tour for two more weeks, featuring Jennings as the lead singer  They were paid less than half of the original agreed salary, and upon returning to New York, Jennings put Holly's guitar and amplifier in a locker in Grand Central Terminal and mailed the keys to Maria Elena Holly  Then he returned to Lubbock In the early 1960s, Jennings wrote and recorded "The Stage (Stars in Heaven)", a tribute to Valens, the Big Bopper and Holly, as well as Eddie Cochran, a young musician who died in a road accident a year after the plane crash 
For decades afterward, Jennings repeatedly stated that he felt responsible for the crash that killed Holly  This sense of guilt precipitated bouts of substance abuse through much of his career "Jole Blon" was released on Brunswick in March 1959 with limited success  Now unemployed, Jennings returned to KLLL  Deeply affected by the death of Holly, Jennings's performance at the station worsened  He left the station after he was denied a raise, and later worked briefly for the competition, KDAV 

Phoenix
Due to his father-in-law's illness, Jennings had to shuttle between Arizona and Texas  While his family lived back in Littlefield, Jennings found a job briefly at KOYL in Odessa, Texas  He moved with his family to Coolidge, Arizona, where his wife Maxine's sister lived  He found a job performing at the Galloping Goose bar, where he was heard by Earl Perrin, who offered him a spot on KCKY  Jennings also played during the intermission at drive-in theaters and in bars  After a successful performance at the Cross Keys Club in Phoenix, he was approached by two contractors (Paul Pristo and Dean Coffman) who were building a club in Scottsdale for James (Jimmy) D  Musil, called JD's  Musil engaged Jennings as his main artist and designed the club around his act Jennings formed his backing band, The Waylors, with bassist Paul Foster, guitarist Jerry Gropp, and drummer Richie Albright  The band soon earned a strong local fan base at JD's, where Jennings developed his rock-influenced style of country music that defined him on his later career 

In 1961, Jennings signed a recording contract with Trend Records, and experienced moderate success with his single, "Another Blue Day"  His friend Don Bowman took demos of Jennings to Jerry Moss, who at the time was starting A&M Records with associate Herb Alpert  In July 1963 Jennings signed a contract with A&M that granted him 5% of record sales  At A&M, he recorded "Love Denied" backed with "Rave On", and Ian Tyson's "Four Strong Winds" backed with "Just to Satisfy You"  He followed up by recording demos of "The Twelfth of Never", "Kisses Sweeter than Wine", and "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right", and also produced the single "Sing the Girls a Song, Bill", backed with "The Race Is On"  The singles were released between April and October 1964 Jennings's records found little success at A&M, because the label was releasing mostly folk music rather than country at the time  He had a few regional hits around Phoenix, due to local radio airplay with  "Four Strong Winds" and "Just To Satisfy You", which was co-written with Bowman  Meanwhile, he recorded an album on BAT records produced by James Musil and engineered by Jack Miller, called "JD's Waylon Jennings" on the front of the album, and "Waylon Jennings at JD's" on the back side  After 500 copies were sold at the club another 500 were pressed by the Sounds label  He also played lead guitar for Patsy Montana on a 1964 album Singer Bobby Bare heard Jennings's "Just to Satisfy You" on his car radio while passing through Phoenix, and recorded it and "Four Strong Winds"  After stopping in Phoenix to attend a Jennings performance at JD's, Bare called Chet Atkins, head of the RCA Victor studios in Nashville, and suggested he sign Jennings  Unsure after being offered a deal with RCA if he should quit his gig at JD's and relocate to Nashville, he sought the advice of RCA artist and friend Willie Nelson, who had attended one of Jennings' shows  Upon hearing how well financially Jennings was doing at JD's Nelson suggested he stay in Phoenix Jennings then asked Herb Alpert to release him from his contract with A&M, which Alpert did  Later, after Jennings became successful, A&M compiled all of his singles and unreleased recordings and issued them as an album, Don't Think Twice  Atkins formally signed Jennings to RCA Victor in 1965  In August Jennings made his first appearance on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart with "That's the Chance I'll Have to Take" 

The Nashville Sound
In 1966, Jennings released his debut RCA Victor album Folk-Country, followed by Leavin' Town and Nashville Rebel  Leavin' Town resulted in significant chart success as the first two singles "Anita, You're Dreaming" and "Time to Bum Again" both peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart  The album's third single, a cover of Gordon Lightfoot's "(That's What You Get) For Lovin' Me", peaked at no  9, Jennings's first top 10 single  Nashville Rebel was the soundtrack to an independent film, The Nashville Rebel, starring Jennings  The single "Green River" charted on Billboard country singles at no  11 

In 1967, Jennings released a hit single, "Just to Satisfy You"  During an interview, Jennings remarked that the song was a "pretty good example" of the influence of his work with Buddy Holly and rockabilly music  Jennings produced mid-chart albums that sold well, including 1967's Just to Satisfy You, which included the hit single  Jennings's singles enjoyed success  "The Chokin' Kind" peaked at number eight on Billboard's Hot Country Singles in 1967, while "Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line" hit number two the following year  In 1969, his collaboration with The Kimberlys on the single "MacArthur Park" earned a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group  His single "Brown Eyed Handsome Man" reached number three at the Hot Country Singles chart by the end of the year During this time, Jennings rented an apartment in Nashville with singer Johnny Cash  Jennings and Cash were both managed by "Lucky" Moeller's booking agency Moeller Talent, Inc  The tours organized by the agency were unproductive, with the artists being booked to venues located far from each other in close dates



ground_truth: no

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the spouse of the performer of song This Time (Waylon Jennings Song)?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  After paying for the accommodation and travel expenditures, Jennings was frequently forced to request advances from the agency or RCA Victor to make the next venue  While playing 300 days on the road, Jennings's debt increased, and along with it his consumption of amphetamine  He believed himself to be "trapped on the circuit" In 1972, Jennings released Ladies Love Outlaws  The single that headlined the album became a hit for Jennings, and was his first approach to outlaw country  Jennings was accustomed to performing and recording with his own band, The Waylors, a practice that was not encouraged by powerful Nashville producers, who favored the Nashville sound produced by a roster of experienced local studio musicians  The music style publicized as "Countrypolitan" was characterized by orchestral arrangements and the absence of most traditional country music instruments  The producers did not let Jennings play his own guitar or select material to record  Jennings felt limited by Nashville's lack of artistic freedom 

Outlaw Country
By 1972, after the release of Ladies Love Outlaws, his recording contract was nearing an end  Upon contracting hepatitis, Jennings was hospitalized  Sick and frustrated with the Nashville music industry, he was considering retirement  Albright visited him and convinced him to continue, suggesting he hire Neil Reshen as his new manager  Meanwhile, Jennings requested a $25,000 royalty advance from RCA Records to cover his living expenses during his recovery  The same day he met Reshen, RCA sent Jerry Bradley to offer Jennings $5,000 as a bonus for signing a new 5% royalty deal with RCA, the same terms he had accepted in 1965  After reviewing the offer with Reshen, he rejected it and hired Reshen 

Reshen started to renegotiate Jennings's recording and touring contracts  At a meeting in a Nashville airport Jennings introduced Reshen to Willie Nelson  By the end of the meeting Reshen had become Nelson's manager as well  Jennings's new deal included a $75,000 advance and artistic control  Reshen advised Jennings to keep the beard that he had grown in the hospital, to match the image of Outlaw Country By 1973 Nelson found success with Atlantic Records  Now based in Austin, Texas, he began to attract rock and roll fans to his shows, which gained him notice in its press  Atlantic Records made a bid to sign Jennings, but Nelson's rise to popularity persuaded RCA to renegotiate with him before losing another potential star In 1973, Jennings released Lonesome, On'ry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes, the first albums recorded and released under his creative control  This heralded a major turning point for Jennings, resulting in his most critically and commercially successful years  More hit albums followed with This Time and The Ramblin' Man, both released in 1974  The title tracks of both albums topped the Billboard Country singles chart, with the self-penned "This Time" becoming Jennings's first no  1 single  Dreaming My Dreams, released in 1975, included the no  1 single "Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way", and became his first album to be certified gold by the RIAA; it was also the first of six consecutive solo studio albums to be certified gold or higher  In 1976 Jennings released Are You Ready for the Country  Jennings wanted Los Angeles producer Ken Mansfield to produce the record, but RCA initially balked  Jennings and The Waylors traveled to Los Angeles and recorded with Mansfield at Jennings's own expense  A month later, Jennings returned to Nashville and presented the master tape to Chet Atkins, who, after listening to it, decided to release it  The album reached number 1 Billboard's country albums three times the same year, topping the charts for 10 weeks  It was named Country album of the year in 1976 by Record World magazine and was certified gold by the RIAA 

In 1976, RCA released the compilation album Wanted! The Outlaws, with Jennings, Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser, and Jennings's wife, Jessi Colter  The album was the first Country music album certified platinum  The following year, RCA issued Ol' Waylon, an album that produced a hit duet with Nelson, "Luckenbach, Texas"  The album Waylon and Willie followed in 1978, producing the hit single "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"  Jennings released I've Always Been Crazy, also in 1978  The same year, at the peak of his success, Jennings began to feel limited by the outlaw movement  Jennings referred to the overexploitation of the image in the song "Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand?", claiming that the movement had become a "self-fulfilling prophecy"  In 1979, RCA released Jennings first Greatest Hits compilation, which was certified gold the same year, and quintuple platinum in 2002 Also in 1979, Jennings joined the cast of the CBS series The Dukes of Hazzard as the Balladeer, the narrator  The only episode to feature him as an actor was "Welcome, Waylon Jennings", during the seventh season  Jennings played himself, presented as an old friend of the Duke family  For the show he also wrote and sang the theme song "Good Ol' Boys", which became the biggest hit of his career  Released as a single in promotion with the show, it became Jennings's 12th single to reach number one on the Billboard Country Singles chart  It was also a crossover hit, peaking at no  21 on the Billboard Hot 100 

Later years
In the mid-1980s, Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, and Jennings formed a successful group called The Highwaymen  Aside from his work with The Highwaymen, Jennings released a gold album WWII (1982) with Willie Nelson In 1985, Jennings joined with USA for Africa to record "We Are the World", but he left the studio because of a dispute over the song's lyrics that were to be sung in Swahili  By this time, his sales had decreased  After the release of Sweet Mother Texas, Jennings signed with MCA Records  His debut release with the label, Will the Wolf Survive (1985), peaked at number one in Billboard's Country albums in 1986  Jennings's initial success tailed off, and in 1990, he signed with Epic Records  His first release, The Eagle, became his final top 10 album Also in 1985, he made a cameo appearance in the live-action children's film Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird  In the movie, he plays a turkey farm truck driver who gives Big Bird a lift  He also sings one of the film's songs, entitled "Ain't No Road Too Long"  In 1993, in collaboration with Rincom Children's Entertainment, Jennings recorded an album of children's songs, Cowboys, Sisters, Rascals & Dirt, which included "Shooter's Theme", a tribute to his 14-year-old with the theme of "a friend of mine" As his record sales and radio play declined through the 1990s, Jennings continued to draw large crowds to his live performances  in 1994 Jennings made a small appearance in the movie Maverick, with Mel Gibson, Jodie Foster, and James Garner 
In 1996, Jennings released his album, Right for the Time  In 1997, after the Lollapalooza tour, he decreased his tour schedule to focus on his family  In 1998, Jennings teamed up with Bare, Jerry Reed, and Mel Tillis to form the Old Dogs  The group recorded a double album of songs by Shel Silverstein In mid-1999, Jennings assembled what he referred to as his "hand-picked dream team" and formed Waylon & The Waymore Blues Band  Consisting primarily of former Waylors, the 13-member group performed concerts from 1999 to 2001  As his health declined, Jennings decided to end his touring career  In January 2000, Jennings recorded what became his final album at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium, Never Say Die: Live 

Music style and image
Jennings's music was characterized by his powerful rough-edged singing voice, phrasing and texture 
He was also recognized for his "spanky-twang" guitar style  To create his sound, he used a pronounced 'phaser' effect (see 'Modulation Effects': below) plus a mixture of thumb and fingers during the rhythmic parts, while using picks for the lead runs  He combined hammer-on and pull-off riffs, with eventual upper-fret double stops and modulation effects  Jennings played a 1953 Fender Telecaster, a used guitar that was a gift from The Waylors  Jennings's bandmates adorned his guitar with a distinctive leather cover that featured a black background with a white floral work  Jennings further customized it by filing down the frets to lower the strings on the neck to obtain the slapping sound  Among his other guitars, Jennings used a 1950 Fender Broadcaster from the mid-1970s, until he gave it to guitarist Reggie Young in 1993  The leather covers of his guitars were carved by leather artist Terry Lankford Jennings's signature image was characterized by his long hair and beard, and black hat and black leather vest he wore during his appearances 

Personal life
Jennings was married four times and had six children  He married Maxine Caroll Lawrence in 1956 at age 18, with whom he had four children: Terry Vance (1957–2019), Julie Rae (1958–2014), Buddy Dean (born 1960), and Deana  Jennings married Lynne Jones on December 10, 1962, adopting a child, Tomi Lynne  They divorced in 1967  He married Barbara Elizabeth Rood the same year  He composed the song "This Time" about the trials and tribulations of his marriages and divorces 
Jennings married country singer Jessi Colter in Phoenix, Arizona, on October 26, 1969  Colter had a daughter, Jennifer, from her previous marriage to Duane Eddy  The couple had a son born in 1979, Waylon Albright, known as Shooter Jennings  In the early 1980s, Colter and Jennings nearly divorced due to his abuse of drugs and alcohol  In 1997, after he stopped touring, Jennings earned a GED at age 60 to set an example about the importance of education to his son, Shooter 

Addiction and recovery
Jennings started to consume amphetamines while he lived with Johnny Cash during the mid-1960s  Jennings later stated, "Pills were the artificial energy on which Nashville ran around the clock "In 1977, Jennings was arrested by federal agents for conspiracy and possession of cocaine with intent to distribute  A private courier warned the Drug Enforcement Administration about the package sent to Jennings by a New York colleague that contained 27 grams of cocaine  The DEA and the police searched Jennings's recording studio but found no evidence because, while they were waiting for a search warrant, Jennings disposed of the drug  The charges were later dropped and Jennings was released  The episode was recounted in Jennings's song "Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand" During the early 1980s, his cocaine addiction intensified  Jennings claimed to have spent $1,500 (equivalent to $4,800 in 2022) a day on his habit, draining his personal finances and leaving him bankrupt with debt up to $2 5 million  Though he insisted on repaying the debt and did additional tours to do so, his work became less focused and his tours deteriorated  Jennings leased a home in the Phoenix area and spent a month detoxing himself, intending to start using cocaine again in a more controlled fashion afterward  In 1984, he quit cocaine  He claimed that his son Shooter was his main inspiration to finally do so 

Illness and death
Decades of excessive smoking and drug use took a large toll on Jennings' health in addition to obesity and a poor diet, which resulted in his developing Type II diabetes  In 1988, four years after quitting cocaine, he ended his six-pack-a-day smoking habit  That same year, he underwent heart bypass surgery  By 2000, his diabetes worsened, and the pain reduced his mobility to the point where he was forced to end most touring  That same year, he underwent surgery to improve his left leg's blood circulation  In December 2001, his left foot was amputated at a hospital in Phoenix On February 13, 2002, Jennings died in his sleep from complications of diabetes at his home in Chandler, Arizona, aged 64  He was buried in the City of Mesa Cemetery in nearby Mesa  At his memorial service on February 15, Jessi Colter sang "Storms Never Last" 

Legacy
Between 1965 and 1991, ninety-six Jennings singles appeared on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart and sixteen topped it  Between 1966 and 1995 fifty-four of his albums charted on Billboard's Top Country Albums, with eleven reaching Number 1 

Littlefield, Texas, renamed one of its major roads, Tenth Street, to Waylon Jennings Boulevard 
He was inducted to the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame in 1999 In October 2001, Jennings was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame, but he was unable to attend the ceremony due to the pain caused by his diabetes  On July 6, 2006, Jennings was inducted to Guitar Center's RockWalk in Hollywood, California  Jessi Colter attended the ceremony along with Kris Kristofferson, who was inducted on the same day  On June 20, 2007, Jennings was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music  During the ceremony, Ray Scott sang "Rainy Day Woman" and the award was accepted by Buddy Jennings Jennings's music had an influence on numerous artists, including Hank Williams Jr , The Marshall Tucker Band, Travis Tritt, Steve Earle, Waylon, Eric Church, Cody Jinks, Jamey Johnson, John Anderson, his son, Shooter Jennings, Sturgill Simpson, and Hank Williams III In 2008, the posthumous album Waylon Forever was released, which consisted of songs recorded with his then-16-year-old son, Shooter  In 2012, the three-volume Waylon: The Music Inside was released, featuring covers of Jennings's songs by different artists  Also released the same year was Goin' Down Rockin': The Last Recordings, a set of 12 songs recorded by Jennings and bassist Robby Turner before Jennings' death in 2002   The songs initially featured only Jennings' guitar and vocals, with Turner on bass; further accompaniment was to be added later  Turner completed the recordings in 2012 with the help of former Waylors  The Jennings family approved the release  Meanwhile, it launched a new business focused on his estate  Shooter Jennings arranged deals for a clothing line, launched a renewed website, and started talks with different producers on a biographical film 

Discography
Filmography
Awards
See also
Jerry "Bo" Coleman
Outlaw Country
List of country musicians
List of best-selling music artists
Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame



ground_truth: Jessi Colter