prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film was released earlier, Forbidden Daughters or The Third Kiss?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Coney Island Baby (film)
Coney Island Baby is a 2003 comedy-drama in which film producer Amy Hobby made her directorial debut  Karl Geary wrote the film and Tanya Ryno was the film's producer  The music was composed by Ryan Shore  The film was shot in Sligo, Ireland, which is known locally as "Coney Island" 
The film was screened at the Newport International Film Festival  Hobby won the Jury Award for "Best First Time Director" 
The film made its premiere television broadcast on the Sundance Channel 

Plot
After spending time in New York City, Billy Hayes returns to his hometown  He wants to get back together with his ex-girlfriend and take her back to America in hopes of opening up a gas station  But everything isn't going Billy's way - the townspeople aren't happy to see him, and his ex-girlfriend is engaged and pregnant  Then, Billy runs into his old friends who are planning a scam 

Cast
Karl Geary - Billy Hayes
Laura Fraser - Bridget
Hugh O'Conor - Satchmo
Andy Nyman - Franko
Patrick Fitzgerald - The Duke
Tom Hickey - Mr  Hayes
Conor McDermottroe - Gerry
David McEvoy - Joe
Thor McVeigh - Magician
Sinead Dolan - Julia

Music
The film's original score was composed by Ryan Shore 

External links
Coney Island Baby (2006) at IMDb
MSN - Movies: Coney Island Baby
Passage 2:
Invasion of the Neptune Men
Invasion of the Neptune Men (宇宙快速船, Uchū Kaisokusen) is a 1961 superhero film produced by Toei Company Ltd  The film stars Sonny Chiba as Iron Sharp (called Space Chief in the U S  version) The film was released in 1961 in Japan and was later released in 1964 direct to television in the United States  In 1998, the film was featured on an episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 

Plot
Astronomer Shinichi Tachibana has a secret identity as superhero "Iron Sharp" and has many children as friends  When they are attacked by a group of metallic aliens ("Neptune Men" in English), Iron Sharp drives the aliens away  The resourceful Tachibana helps develop an electric barrier to block the aliens from coming to the Earth   After several losses by the aliens, they announce that they will invade the Earth, throwing the world into a state of panic  The aliens destroy entire cities with their mothership and smaller fighters  After Iron Sharp destroys multiple enemy ships, Japan fires nuclear missiles at the mothership, destroying it 

Cast
Sonny Chiba as scientist Shinichi Tachibana / Iron Sharp
Kappei Matsumoto as Dr  Tanigawa
Ryuko Minakami as Yōko (Tanigawa's daughter)
Shinjirō Ehara as scientist Yanagida
Mitsue Komiya as scientist Saitō

Style
Invasion of the Neptune Men is part of Japan's tokusatsu genre, which involves science fiction and/or superhero films that feature heavy use of special effects 

Production
Invasion of the Neptune Men was an early film for Sonny Chiba  Chiba started working in Japanese television where he starred in superhero television series in 1960  Chiba continued working back and forth between television and film until the late 1960s when he became a more popular star 

Release
Uchū Kaisokusen was released in Japan on 19 July 1961  The film was not released theatrically in the United States, but it was released directly to American television by Walter Manley on March 20, 1964, dubbed in English and retitled Invasion of the Neptune Men The film was also released as Space Chief, Space Greyhound and Invasion from a Planet 

Reception and legacy
In later reviews of the film, Bruce Eder gave the film a one-star rating out of five, stating that the film was "the kind of movie that gave Japanese science fiction films a bad name  The low-quality special effects, the non-existent acting, the bad dubbing, and the chaotic plotting and pacing were all of a piece with what critics had been saying, erroneously, about the Godzilla movies for years " The review referred to the film's "cheesy special effects and ridiculous dialogue taking on a sort of so-bad-they're-good charm", and described the film as a "thoroughly memorable (if not necessarily enjoyable, outside of the MST3K continuum) specimen of bad cinema "On October 11, 1997 the film was shown on the movie-mocking television show Mystery Science Theater 3000  In his review of the film, Bruce Eder of AllMovie described the episode as a memorable one, specifically the cast watching the repetitive aerial dogfights between spaceships, and one of the hosts remarking that "Independence Day seems a richly nuanced movie"  Criticism of the film included excessive use of WWII stock footage in the action scenes (especially the obviously noticeable shot featuring a picture of Adolf Hitler in one building) In his book Japanese Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, Stuart Galbraith IV stated that the film "had a few surprises" despite a "woefully familiar script"  Galbraith noted that the film was not as over-the-top as Prince of Space and that the opticals in the film were as strong as anything Toho had produced at the time  Galbraith suggested the effects may have been lifted from Toei's The Final War (aka World War III Breaks Out) from 1961 

See also
List of Japanese films of 1961
List of Mystery Science Theater 3000 episodes
List of science fiction films of the 1960s

Notes
Passage 3:
The Third Kiss
The Third Kiss (Spanish: El tercer beso) is a 1942 Argentine romantic drama film directed by Luis César Amadori and starring Pedro López Lagar, Silvia Legrand and Amelia Bence   At the 1943 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards, Amelia Bence won the  Silver Condor Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film 

Cast
Pedro López Lagar
Silvia Legrand
Amelia Bence
Francisco Álvarez
Billy Days
Domingo Márquez
Gloria Bayardo
Aurelia Ferrer
Rosa Martín
Arturo Bamio
Passage 4:
Lloyd (film)
Lloyd is a 2001 American comedy film  The film was released on May 4, 2001 

Plot
Lloyd is the "class clown " He often gets in trouble with teachers, one of whom is very strict  When he tries to rebel, he is put into a class for "less enthusiastic students " Once there, he joins the other students in the group: Troy, Carla, and Storm  He soon falls in love with the class's newest member, Tracy (Kristin Parker)  However, she is taken by storm  When Lloyd talks to his mother, she tells him that he can still win her back by being himself 
The role of Lloyd is played by Todd Bosley  Tom Arnold, a friend of the producers, played a small role 

Cast
Todd Bosley - Lloyd
Brendon Ryan Barrett - Troy
Mary Mara - Joann
Chloe Peterson - Carla
Sammy Elliott - Nathan
Patrick Higgins - Storm
Kristin Parker - Tracy
Tom Arnold - Tom
Taylor Negron - Mr  Weid

Production
The film was shot in Sunnyvale, California, in 1997 

External links
Lloyd at IMDb
Passage 5:
Royal Tramp II
Royal Tramp II is a 1992 Hong Kong film based on Louis Cha's novel The Deer and the Cauldron  The film is a sequel to Royal Tramp, which was released earlier in the same year 

Plot
Having been revealed as the false Empress Dowager, Lung-er returns to the Dragon Sect camp  There, the sect leader reminds her of their mission to support Ng Sam-kwai's, a military general, campaign for the throne before abdicating her title to Lung-er 
Siu-bo lounges at the brothel where he once worked but is then attacked by disciples of the One Arm Nun, an anti-Qing revolutionary figure, before being quickly subdued  When Siu-bo tries to take advantage of them, Ng Ying-hung, Ng Sam-kwai's son, exposes his lies  Scorned and unaware of the stranger's title, Siu-bo sends his men after Ying-Hung, but Lung-er, now disguised as Ying-hung's male bodyguard, easily fends them off 
At the palace, The Emperor, wary of Ng Sam-kwai's intentions, marries off the Princess to Ying-hung and assigns Siu-bo to be the Imperial Inspector General of the wedding march, so that he can keep his eyes on the general's activities  This complicates Siu-bo's relationship with Princess when she tells Siu-bo she's pregnant with his child 
The One Arm Nun and her disciple, Ah Ko, later ambushes the procession  Fighting to a standstill with Lung-er, the assailants escape with Ying-hung and Siu-bo  However, Siu-bo garners some respect from her when he reveals his dual identity as a Heaven and Earth Society commander  Lung-er finally catches up to them with reinforcements at an inn but only manages to rescue Siu-bo  Having been saved by Ying-hung before, Ah Ko elopes with him amid the confusion 
At the Dragon Sect camp, Ying-hung and Fung Sek-fan secretly poisons Lung-er and turn the followers against her  She escapes with Siu-bo but must have sex with a man before dawn, otherwise she will die  However, this will transfer 4/5th of her martial arts' power to whomever she sleeps with  Despite Siu-bo's lecherous personality, Lung-er accepts his blunt honesty as a sign of virtue and chooses to sacrifice her virginity to Siu-bo and becomes his third wife 
When Siu-bo gets back to the Princess, they execute a plan to castrate Ying-hung  With her betrothed no longer able to produce heirs, the Princess is taken by Siu-bo as his fourth wife  Enraged by the end of his family line, Ng Ying-hung prematurely gathers his troops and sets out to wage war with the Emperor  He tasks Fung Sek-fan with killing the Princess and Siu-bo  Though Chan Kan-nam manages to intervene and lets his disciple escape 
Later, the One Arm Nun captures the elopers, Ying-hung and Ah Ko, and offers them to Siu-bo  Siu-bo pardons them and even takes Ah Ko as his fifth wife  Afterward, Fung Sek-fan is promoted when he surrenders Ng Sam-kwai's battle plans and Chan Kan-nam to the Emperor  Given Siu-bo's muddied history with the Heaven and Earth Society, the Emperor tasks him with Chan's execution  Siu-bo's newfound power is difficult for him to control, and Chan helps him master it in time for him to use it against Fung  Siu-bo also uncovers the secret of the 42 Chapters books after burning them in frustration, revealing hidden stones that are left unburned, revealing map coordinates to the location of the treasure all major parties have been attempting to locate 
In order to save his master, Siu-bo defeats Fung with his newly acquired martial arts power after both falling into a hidden cave wherein the treasure is found, and swaps Feng's body with Chan's before the execution to save his master  And just as he was about to escape with his wives and Chan, the Emperor arrives with his troops, having been sold out by Siu-bo's opportunistic friend To-lung who is now involved romantically with Siu-bo's sister  But seeing that they are friends, his sister is in love with Siu-bo, and with Siu-bo bluffing that he's strong enough to demolish the Emperor and his entire army if he wanted, the Emperor lets them go, declaring that Siu-bo has died and no longer exists as far as he's concerned  Siu-bo laughs afterward that the Emperor fell for his bluff 

Cast
Stephen Chow as Wai Siu-bo
Brigitte Lin as Lung-er
Chingmy Yau as Princess Kin-ning
Michelle Reis as Ah Ko/Li Ming-ko
Natalis Chan as To-lung
Damian Lau as Chan Kan-nam
Deric Wan as Hong-hei Emperor
Kent Tong as Ng Ying-hung, Sam-kwai's son
Paul Chun as Ng Sam-kwai
Sandra Ng as Wai Chun-fa
Fennie Yuen as Seung-yee twin
Vivian Chan as Seung-yee twin
Yen Shi-kwan as Fung Sek-fan
Helen Ma as Kau-nan/one-armed Divine nun
Sharla Cheung as Mo Tung-chu / Empress Dowager
Law Lan as founder of Divine Dragon Sect
Tam Suk-moi as Ah Nong
Hoh Choi-chow as Palace guard Wen Shan Lun
Yeung Jing-jing
Wan Seung-lam
Lee Fai
Cheng Ka-sang
Ho Wing-cheung
Kwan Yung
To Wai-wo
Passage 6:
The Wonderful World of Captain Kuhio
The Wonderful World of Captain Kuhio (クヒオ大佐, Kuhio Taisa, lit  "Captain Kuhio") is a 2009 Japanese comedy-crime film, directed by Daihachi Yoshida, based on Kazumasa Yoshida's 2006 biographical novel, Kekkon Sagishi Kuhio Taisa (lit  "Marriage swindler Captain Kuhio"), that focuses on a real-life marriage swindler, who conned over 100 million yen (US$1 2 million) from a number of women between the 1970s and the 1990s The film was released in Japan on 10 October 2009 

Cast
Masato Sakai - Captain Kuhio
Yasuko Matsuyuki - Shinobu Nagano
Hikari Mitsushima - Haru Yasuoka
Yuko Nakamura - Michiko Sudo
Hirofumi Arai - Tatsuya Nagano
Kazuya Kojima - Koichi Takahashi
Sakura Ando - Rika Kinoshita
Masaaki Uchino - Chief Fujiwara
Kanji Furutachi - Shigeru Kuroda
Reila Aphrodite
Sei Ando

Awards
At the 31st Yokohama Film Festival
Best Actor – Masato Sakai
Best Supporting Actress – Sakura Ando
Passage 7:
The Third Kiss (1919 film)
The Third Kiss is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Robert G  Vignola, written by Edith M  Kennedy and Heliodore Tenno, and starring Vivian Martin, Harrison Ford, Robert Ellis, Kathleen Kirkham, Thomas Persse, Edna Mae Cooper, and Jane Keckley  It was released on September 14, 1919, by Paramount Pictures 

Plot
As described in a film magazine, Rupert Bawlf (Ellis) is a settlement worker and has done wonders with the tough districts of the town  His wife Cynthia (Kirkham), although she loathes the work, cheerfully helps him because of her great love for him  Missy (Martin), a factory girl, by her knowledge of conditions, is able to help Oliver and he falls in love with her  To protect Bawlf's name from scandal, as mudslinging newspapers are watching, Oliver Cloyne (Ford), a millionaire who is keen on the work Bawlf is doing, persuades Missy to marry him although he is in love, hopelessly, with Mrs  Bawlf  Oliver learns that Missy is a granddaughter of the owner of the factory in which she works, having assumed the role of factory girl to assist in welfare work  After an imitation honeymoon, Oliver and his heiress bride, who is his wife in name only, return home where Rupert and Cynthia Bawlf seek them out  Cynthia, falling ill, goes away for a rest  Rupert persuades Missy to assist him in his welfare work, and when she agrees, he attempts to force his attentions upon her again  She resists, and shows him what a fool he is  While on an inspection tour of a new building, Missy is locked in by a crazed old woman who, as revenge for the death of her daughter in a factory fire, sets fire to the building to kill Missy in the same way  Oliver, first suspecting that Missy has run off with Rupert, learns the truth and rescues Missy from the fire 

Cast
Vivian Martin as Missy
Harrison Ford as Oliver Cloyne
Robert Ellis as Rupert Bawlf
Kathleen Kirkham as Cynthia Bawlf
Thomas Persse as Dr  Paton
Edna Mae Cooper as Gwendolin Finn
Jane Keckley as Mrs  Casey
Passage 8:
Forbidden Daughters
Forbidden Daughters is a 1927 American silent black & white short erotic-drama film directed by prominent nude photographer Albert Arthur Allen  This is the only known movie directed by Allen who, otherwise, was famous by his work as a photographer of nude female models 

Plot
Alva receives news from her long-lost husband, Russell, and goes to Africa in search of him  There, she finds that her husband is being "held prisoner" by a naked native princess, called Loma  Now, in order to bring Russell back home, Alva must show that she's better than the princess 

Cast
Clarice Conwell
Gladys DeLores
Kathryn Kay
Ralph O'Brien
Passage 9:
Rakka (film)
Rakka is a 2017 American-Canadian military science fiction short film made by Oats Studios and  directed by Neill Blomkamp  It was released on YouTube and Steam on 14 June 2017 

Plot
Chapter 1: World
In the near future, Earth will be attacked by technologically superior and highly aggressive reptilian aliens called the Klum (pronounced "klume")  Humanity is nearing extinction with millions dead or enslaved  The Klum transform the Earth in favor of their own ideal living conditions  They do this at first by burning forests and destroying cities  Then they build megastructures that alter the atmosphere by pumping out methane  The gas makes it progressively harder for terrestrial life to breathe  And it warms the climate, which leads to flooding of coastal cities 
The story begins in 2020, from the viewpoint of resistance fighters in Texas, a group of US Army soldiers and many others who have banded together  Most human survivors live underground or among ruins  They have barely enough provisions, weapons, and ammunition  The humans fight by using whatever they can against the primary Klum weapon: an omnipresent nanite in their weaponry, and telepathic control over any human that makes direct eye contact with them 
The resistance makes "brain-barriers" that block this
mind control  The Klum know, however, that a scarcity of materials means a scarcity of brain barriers  They hope, therefore, to win a war of attrition against the human survivors 
Some prisoners are living incubators for the Klum's young, which inevitably kills the victims  Others are dissected  Still other humans are converted into human loudspeakers that urge humans to surrender into "conservatories"  Very few humans ever escape 
After the Klum destroy a militia convoy with an airstrike, one of the surviving soldiers witnesses an angel-like being materialize from thin air  The narration describes ″them″ as mankind's saviours 

Chapter 2: Amir & Nosh
Nosh is a tech-savvy pyromaniac and bomb-maker, eking out a living in a scrapyard far from the resistance  The resistance despises Nosh for his murderous glee and demands - giving the sick or suicidal over as bait during his many IED ambushes  They must, however, give in to Nosh's demands to
secure the IEDs and the brain-barriers he makes 
The resistance stumble across Amir, a mute who has escaped from the Klum  He has extensive cybernetics across his head and shoulders  Amid opposition from her lieutenants, the resistance leader, Jasper, releases Amir from her custody into the care of a resistance fighter named Sarah 
Sarah, having lost her daughter to the Klum's experiments, takes a liking to him  She gives Amir food and drink while trying to persuade him to help the resistance fight the Klum by using the precognitive abilities he acquired via the aliens' experiments 

Chapter 3: Siege
Amir recovers physically and mentally  Then, because of his implant, he has a premonition involving a wounded Klum on the run from militia forces 
Sarah pleads with Amir to help the militia officers to stop the genocide  The more she talks to him, the more his eyes change, seeing the premonition of the impending attack more clearly  Amir, still mute, foresees the militia successfully shooting down an alien aircraft, and the pilot is the alien on the run 
Sarah asks Amir if they will be able to learn how to hunt the Klum and teach them how to fear  Unable to answer, he foresees the Klum telekinetically bashing one of the militia soldiers, disconnecting his brain barrier and causing him to be mind-controlled, turning on his comrades, who are forced to kill him 
Sarah tells Amir that he now has the abilities the aliens have and that he is to use them for humanity  Back in the vision, the militia surround the Klum; Jasper orders the militia to cut off its head  The film ends with Sarah urging Amir to use his abilities because he is humanity's last hope 

Cast
Sigourney Weaver as Jasper
Eugene Khumbanyiwa as Amir
Robert Hobbs as Carl
Carly Pope as Sarah
Brandon Auret as Nosh
Mike Huff as Policeman
Owen McCrae as Klum
Connor Page as Child
Jay Anstey as A suicide bomber
Justin Shaw as Man in medical device
Carla Marais as eight-year-old girl
Ryan Angilley as Martinez
Alec Gillis as Militia officer 1
Ruan Coetzee as Militia officer 2
Paul Davies as Militia officer 3
Pieter Jacobz as Militia officer 4
Passage 10:
Delinquent Daughters
Delinquent Daughters, or Accent on Crime, is a 1944 American drama film directed by Albert Herman and starring June Carlson, Fifi D'Orsay and Margia Dean  An exploitation film, it is about a police investigation into the suicide death of a high school girl and the hard-partying teenagers at a party prior to the incident 

Plot
Both family and community are shaken by the unexpected, tragic suicide of teenage girl Lucille Dillerton  Her friends at high school, June Thompson, Francine Van Pelt, and Sally Higgins, are devastated and discuss among them the reasons for their friend to jump off the pier into the river like she did  Lucille's death is investigated by the police, to rule out any alternative causes to Lucille's death, and in charge of the investigation is Lt  Hanahan  He arrives to the high school, and the principal, Mr  Moffatt, is ordered to call the girls into his office for questioning by the police officer  One of the girls, Sally, doesn't want to cooperate and answer the questions 
Sally gets a ride home with her boyfriend Jerry Sykes, in his car after school  They stop outside of a department store on the way, parking right outside the building  Jerry goes into the store and robs it, shooting the owner in the process  Jerry speeds away from the crime scene with the police right behind him  With his careless driving, Jerry hits a pedestrian by the road outside of Merry-Go-Round, a club and teenage hangout  The club is owned by a gangster named Nick Gordon and his mistress Mimi, and the gangster tells Jerry to hide the car on his grounds  Nick lets Jerry and Sally come into his club to hide from the police  Hanahan arrives on the scene looking for Jerry and Sally, but doesn't find them  Hanahan speaks to a news reporter on the street and tells him about what happened  Soon after, it is all over the news that a crime wave caused by juvenile delinquency has hit the town, and that it is caused by the loosening of family bonds 
Sally meets up with one of the other friends, June, at the club  June is concerned that her father, Mr  Thompson, will start to worry since she is out so late  Sally calls June's parents and pretends to be her own mother, inviting June to stay the night at the Higgins' house  A while later June's boyfriend, Rocky Webster, comes to the club and sells his father's gun to Nick for five dollars  Nick then offers to drive June and Sally home  When June arrives home, her father is furious  He has talked to the real Mrs  Higgins and subsequently discovered that June has lied to him about the sleep-over  Mr  Thompson throws June out of the house, after first slapping her 
Feeling dejected and alone in the world, June walks around town aimlessly  Eventually she comes down to the river and is discovered by her boyfriend Rocky  In a desperate act to give consolation, and afraid that June is contemplating suicide, Rocky asks her to marry him  Before she can answer, Hanahan appears and arrests them both on the spot  Sally has met up with Jerry and they are on their way down to the river too, when they see Hanahan and their friends  Jerry pushes Hanahan into the river and June and Rocky escape  Jerry asks them to join him in robbing a nearby gas station, but they refuse to do it  Jerry and Sally go to the gas station together and hold it up  Since Jerry thinks they don't get enough money, they rob a lunch counter as well  Sally and Jerry split up after that, and after Jerry has left, Sally alone robs a motorist 
Hanahan manages to get up from the river, and still wet he finds Rocky and June, and takes them into custody  They are placed in front of the honorable Judge Craig for counseling  Hanahan tells the judge about June's father's violent behaviour and the judge cuts them both some slack, and decides to summon all the teenagers and their parents for a meeting  When they are all gathered, the judge lectures the parents on their responsibilities as such, and warns them about abusing their children 
Both June and Rocky benefit from the judge's lecture  Rocky begins to work in the evenings after school, trying to save up to buy himself a car  The effect is not the same on Jerry and Sally though  Nick hires Jerry on his gangster payroll, and uses him to rob a money transport  Jerry gets the gun Nick bought from Rocky, and Jerry uses Sally to drive the getaway car  The robbery doesn't go as planned and results in a deadly shootout between Jerry and the men guarding the transport  Sally drives away with Nick, leaving Jerry to fight on his own, and he is shot down  When the police arrive on the scene, they find Jerry lifeless, with Mr  Webster's gun in his hand  The police question Mr  Webster about the gun, and Rocky admits to selling it to Nick 
Hanahan brings in Nick's girl, Mimi, to the station for questioning  He tells her that the transport robbery was conducted by a man and a woman  Mimi thinks it was Nick and Sally who did it, and in a spur of jealousy she gives away both Nick and Sally  Hanahan drives off to arrest Nick, and Rocky and June follow in Rocky's car  Mimi rushes back to the club to warn Nick, regretting that she told the police about him  Back at the club Mimi bumps into Sally  Mimi has a go at Sally, slapping her, but Nick intervenes and knocks her out  Nick takes Sally with him in his car  Rocky realizes that Nick is getting away from the police, so he takes a short cut and manages to force Nick's car off the road and over a cliff  Nick is killed in the crash, and the town decides to remake the club to a wholesome place for teenagers to hang 

Cast
June Carlson as June Thompson
Mary Bovard as Betty
Joe Devlin as Lt  Hanahan
Fifi D'Orsay as Mimi
Teala Loring as Sally
Margia Dean as Francine Van Pelt
Johnny Duncan as Rocky Webster
Jimmy Zaner as Jerry
Joe Dawson as Nick Gordon
Frank McGlynn, Sr  as Judge Craig
Parker Gee as Steve Cronin
Warren Mills as Roy Ford

See also
List of films in the public domain in the United States
Context 2: Passage 1:
Lyon Cohen
Lyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist  He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen 

Biography
Cohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868  He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871  He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal  In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L  Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W  R  Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co , a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co  in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd   The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada  The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism  In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69 

Philanthropy
Cohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada  Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal  He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada 

Personal life
Cohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891  She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School  They had three sons and one daughter:

Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:
Esther Cohen and
singer/poet Leonard Cohen 
Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;
Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, and
Sylvia Lillian Cohen 
Passage 2:
Trịnh Cương
Trịnh Cương (Hán tự: 鄭棡; 9 July 1686 – 20 December 1729) was the lord who ruled Tonkin from 1709 to 1729 (his title as ruler was An Đô Vương)  Trịnh Cương was born to Trịnh Bính, a grandson of the former lord Trịnh Căn  He belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who had ruled parts of Vietnam since 1545  Like his great-grandfather and predecessor, Trịnh Căn, his reign was mostly devoted to administrative reforms 

Biography
Trịnh Cương ruled Việt Nam during a time of external peace but growing internal strife  He enacted many governmental reforms in both financial matters and judicial rules  His main concern was the growing problem of landless peasants  Unlike the Nguyễn lords who were constantly expanding their territory south, the Trịnh lords had little room for expansion  Hence, the land supply was essentially fixed but the population kept growing 
Trịnh Cương tried various legislative means to solve the problem  He tried to limit private land holdings  He tried to redistribute the communal fields of the small villages  Nothing really worked and the problem became very serious over the succeeding decades  According to historian R  H  Bruce Lockhart, the governmental reforms enacted by Trịnh Cương and his great-grandfather, Trịnh Căn, made the government more effective but, they also made the government more of a burden to the people  This had the effect of increasing the hatred felt by the people towards the Trịnh rulers in Hanoi 
Trịnh Cương passed an edict forbidding people to practice Christianity in 1712  Like previous efforts to suppress Christianity, this had little real effect in Vietnam  However, he tried to offer the people an alternative, and he had many Buddhist pagodas constructed during his rule 
As far as the Lê dynasty was concerned, the emperor, Lê Dụ Tông, ruled throughout Trịnh Cương's lifetime  The two men died within a few months of each other in 1729 

Sources
Encyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 4  1988  Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 
Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)

See also
Trịnh lords
Lê dynasty
Passage 3:
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: قایا الپ, lit  'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah  He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I  He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp  He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks 
Passage 4:
Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm
Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm (Hán tự: 阮氏玉琰, 1721–1784), posthumous name Từ Trạch (慈澤), was a consort of lord Trịnh Doanh 

Biography
Lady Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm was born in 1721 at Linh Đường village, Linh Đàm commune, Thanh Trì district, Southern of Phụng Thiên prefect  She was commended to Trịnh clan's palace by her father who was Duke Nguyễn Văn Luân (阮文倫, 1686–1739)  She became a concubine of prince Trịnh Doanh and was granted the title Hoa Dung (花容) 
Passage 5:
Zhao Shoushan
Zhao Shoushan (simplified Chinese: 赵寿山; traditional Chinese: 趙壽山; pinyin: Zhào Shòushān; 12 November 1894 – 20 June 1965) was a KMT general and later Chinese Communist Party politician  He is the grandfather of Zhao Leji 

Career
Zhao Shoushan was born in Hu County, Shaanxi in 1894  After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Zhao was the CCP Chairman of Qinghai and Governor of Shaanxi 

External links
(in Chinese) Biography of Zhao Shoushan, Shaanxi Daily July 9, 2006 
Passage 6:
Trịnh Doanh
Trịnh Doanh (4 December 1720 – 15 February 1767) ruled northern Vietnam (Tonkin) from 1740 to 1767 (he ruled with the title Minh Đô Vương)  Trịnh Doanh was the third son of Trịnh Cương, and belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who ruled northern Vietnam  His rule was spent putting down rebellions against Trịnh rule 

Trịnh Doanh took over from his brother, Trịnh Giang, who, through financial mismanagement and bad behavior, provoked a wave of revolts against his rule  This was a time of increasing peasant revolts in both the north and the south under the Nguyễn lords  In the north, some of the revolts were apparently led by members of the royal Lê family  The rebellions which broke out in Tonkin during this period, were almost without number  Princes belonging to the royal family, generals, civil mandarins, common people, and out-casts from the hills, all rose in the provinces against the tyranny of the Trịnh, as well as for their personal interests  Chapter 16 (continued) 
Despite the many revolts, Trịnh Doanh defeated them all and passed the rule of Vietnam to his son, Trịnh Sâm 
As far as the Lê dynasty was concerned, there was just one emperor, Lê Hien Tông (1740–1786), who occupied the royal throne in Hanoi 

See also
Lê dynasty

Sources
Encyclopedia of Asian History, Volumes 4  1988  Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 
Annam and its Minor Currency Chapter 16 (downloaded May 2006)
Passage 7:
Henry Krause
Henry J  "Red" Krause, Jr  (August 28, 1913 – February 20, 1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins   He played college football at St  Louis University 
Passage 8:
Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شَيْبَة إبْن هَاشِم; c  497–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, (Arabic: عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب, lit  'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation  He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 

Early life
His father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81  the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca  They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm  His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah)  Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born : 81 His real name was "Shaiba" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-Ḥamd ("The white streak of praise") : 81–82  After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care  Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent  Muṭṭalib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca  Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go  Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib ("servant of Muttalib") : 85–86

Chieftain of Hashim clan
When Muṭṭalib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan  Following his uncle Al-Muṭṭalib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people  He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them : 61 
'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib and Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba  Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib  Addressing Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, he said:
Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate  You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe 

Discovery of Zam Zam Well
'Abdul-Muṭṭalib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila  There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca  The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-Ḥārith stood guard until they gave up their protests  After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, "Allahuakbar!" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar  It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well  So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition  They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost  There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out  One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others  So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Muṭṭalib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed  It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well  Thereafter he supplied pilgrims to the Kaaba with Zam Zam water, which soon eclipsed all the other wells in Mecca because it was considered sacred : 86–89 : 62–65

The Year of the Elephant
According to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Kaaba's reverence among the Arabs and, being a Christian, he built a cathedral on Sana'a and ordered pilgrimage be made there : 21  The order was ignored and someone desecrated (some saying in the form of defecation: 696 note 35 ) the cathedral  Abrahah decided to avenge this act by demolishing the Kaaba and he advanced with an army towards Mecca : 22–23 There were thirteen elephants in Abrahah's army: 99 : 26  and the year came to be known as 'Ām al-Fīl (the Year of the Elephant), beginning a trend for reckoning the years in Arabia which was used until 'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb replaced it with the Islamic Calendar in 638 CE (17 AH), with the first year of the Islamic Calendar being 622 CE 
When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinānah, Khuzā'ah and Hudhayl united in defence of the Kaaba  A man from the Ḥimyar tribe was sent by Abrahah to advise them that he only wished to demolish the Kaaba and if they resisted, they would be crushed  "Abdul-Muṭṭalib told the Meccans to seek refuge in the nearest high hills while he, with some leading members of Quraysh, remained within the precincts of the Kaaba  Abrahah sent a dispatch inviting 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib to meet him and discuss matters  When 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib left the meeting he was heard saying, "The Owner of this House is its Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonour the servants of His House ": 24–26 It is recorded that when Abrahah's forces neared the Kaaba, Allah commanded small birds (abābīl) to destroy Abrahah's army, raining down pebbles on it from their beaks  Abrahah was seriously wounded and retreated towards Yemen but died on the way : 26–27  This event is referred to in the following Qur'anic chapter:

Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant?
Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray?

And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay, so He rendered them like straw eaten up 
Most Islamic sources place the event around the year that Muhammad was born, 570 CE, though other scholars place it one or two decades earlier  A tradition attributed to Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri in the musannaf of ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani places it before the birth of Muhammad's father 

Sacrificing his son Abdullah
Al-Harith was 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's only son at the time he dug the Zamzam Well : 64  When the Quraysh tried to help him in the digging, he vowed that if he were to have ten sons to protect him, he would sacrifice one of them to Allah at the Kaaba  Later, after nine more sons had been born to him, he told them he must keep the vow  The divination arrows fell upon his favourite son Abdullah  The Quraysh protested 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's intention to sacrifice his son and demanded that he sacrifice something else instead  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib agreed to consult a "sorceress with a familiar spirit"  She told him to cast lots between Abdullah and ten camels  If Abdullah were chosen, he had to add ten more camels, and keep on doing the same until his Lord accepted the camels in Abdullah's place  When the number of camels reached 100, the lot fell on the camels  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib confirmed this by repeating the test three times  Then the camels were sacrificed, and Abdullah was spared : 66–68

Family
Wives
Abd al-Muttalib had six known wives 

Sumra bint Jundab of the Hawazin tribe 
Lubnā bint Hājar of the Khuza'a tribe 
Fatima bint Amr of the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Halah bint Wuhayb of the Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Natīla bint Janab of the Namir tribe 
Mumanna'a bint Amr of the Khuza'a tribe 

Children
According to Ibn Hisham, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib had ten sons and six daughters : 707–708 note 97  However, Ibn Sa'd lists twelve sons : 99–101 By Sumra bint Jundab:

Al-Ḥārith : 708  He was the firstborn and he died before his father : 99 
Quthum : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham By Fatima bint Amr:

Al-Zubayr : 707  He was a poet and a chief; his father made a will in his favour : 99  He died before Islam, leaving two sons and daughters : 101 : 34–35 
Abu Talib, born as Abd Manaf,: 99 : 707  father of the future Caliph Ali  He later became chief of the Hashim clan 
Abdullah, the father of Muhammad : 99 : 707 
Umm Hakim al-Bayda,: 100 : 707  the maternal grandmother of the third Caliph Uthman : 32 
Barra,: 100 : 707  the mother of Abu Salama : 33 
Arwa : 100 : 707 
Atika,: 100 : 707  a wife of Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira : 31 
Umayma,: 100 : 707  the mother of Zaynab bint Jahsh and Abd Allah ibn Jahsh : 33 By Lubnā bint Hājar:

Abd al-'Uzzā, better known as Abū Lahab : 100 : 708 By Halah bint Wuhayb:

Ḥamza,: 707  the first big leader of Islam  He killed many leaders of the kufar and was considered as the strongest man of the quraysh  He was martyred at Uhud : 100 
Ṣafīyya : 100 : 707 
Al-Muqawwim : 707  He married Qilaba bint Amr ibn Ju'ana ibn Sa'd al-Sahmia, and had children named Abd Allah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, and Umm Amr (Qutayla or Amra) 
Hajl : 707  He married Umm Murra bint Abi Qays ibn Abd Wud, and had two sons, named Abd Allah, Ubayd Allah, and three daughters named Murra, Rabi'a, and Fakhita By Natīlah bint Khubāb:

al-'Abbas,: 100 : 707  ancestor of the Abbasid caliphs 
Ḍirār,: 707  who died before Islam : 100 
Jahl, died before Islam
Imran, died before IslamBy Mumanna'a bint 'Amr:

Mus'ab, who, according to Ibn Saad, was the one known as al-Ghaydāq : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham 
Al-Ghaydaq, died before Islam 
Abd al-Ka'ba, died before Islam : 100 
Al-Mughira,: 100  who had the byname al-Ghaydaq 

The family tree and some of his important descendants
Death
Abdul Muttalib's son 'Abdullāh died four months before Muḥammad's birth, after which Abdul Muttalib took care of his daughter-in-law Āminah  One day Muhammad's mother, Amina, wanted to go to Yathrib, where her husband, Abdullah, died  So, Muhammad, Amina, Abd al-Muttalib and their caretaker, Umm Ayman started their journey to Medina, which is around 500 kilometres away from Makkah  They stayed there for three weeks, then, started their journey back to Mecca  But, when they reached halfway, at Al-Abwa', Amina became very sick and died six years after her husband's death  She was buried over there  From then, Muhammad became an orphan  Abd al-Muttalib became very sad for Muhammad because he loved him so much  Abd al-Muttalib took care of Muhammad  But when Muhammad was eight years old, the very old Abd al-Muttalib became very sick and died at age 81-82 in 578-579 CE 
Shaybah ibn Hāshim's grave can be found in the Jannat al-Mu'allā cemetery in Makkah, Saudi Arabia 

See also
Family tree of Muhammad
Family tree of Shaiba ibn Hashim
Sahaba
Passage 9:
Fred Le Deux
Frederick David Le Deux (born 4 December 1934) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL)  He is the grandfather of Tom Hawkins 

Early life
Le Deux grew up in Nagambie and attended Assumption College, after which he went to Bendigo to study teaching 

Football
While a student at Bendigo Teachers' Training College, Le Deux played for the Sandhurst Football Club  He then moved to Ocean Grove to take up a teaching position and in 1956 joined Geelong A follower and defender, Le Deux made 18 appearances for Geelong over three seasons, from 1956 to 1958 He was troubled by a back injury in 1958, which kept him out of the entire 1959 VFL season In 1960 he joined Victorian Football Association club Mordialloc, as he had transferred to a local technical school 

Family
Le Deux's daughter Jennifer was married to former Geelong player Jack Hawkins  Jennifer died in 2015  Their son, Tom Hawkins, currently plays for Geelong 
Passage 10:
John Westley
Rev  John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister  He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism) 

Life
John Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev  Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland  He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B A  on 23 January 1655, and M A  on 4 July 1657  After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset  Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of Winterborne Whitechurch The report of his interview in 1661 with Gilbert Ironside the elder, his diocesan, according to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, shows him to have been an Independent  He was imprisoned for not using the Book of Common Prayer, imprisoned again and ejected in 1662  After the Conventicle Act 1664 he continued to preach in small gatherings at Preston and then Poole, until his death at Preston in 1678 

Family
He married a daughter of John White, who was related also to Thomas Fuller  White, the "Patriarch of Dorchester", married a sister of Cornelius Burges  Westley's eldest son was Timothy (born 1659)  Their second son was Rev  Samuel Wesley, a High Church Anglican vicar and the father of John and Charles Wesley  A younger son, Matthew Wesley, remained a nonconformist, became a London apothecary, and died on 10 June 1737, leaving a son, Matthew, in India; he provided for some of his brother Samuel's daughters 

Notes
Additional sources
Matthews, A  G , "Calamy Revised", Oxford University Press, 1934, page 521  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Wesley, Samuel (1662-1735)"  Dictionary of National Biography  London: Smith, Elder & Co  1885–1900 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Henry Krause
Henry J  "Red" Krause, Jr  (August 28, 1913 – February 20, 1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins   He played college football at St  Louis University 
Passage 2:
John Mackay (poet)
John Mackay (Scottish Gaelic: Iain (Dall) MacAoidh; 1656–1754), known as Am Pìobaire Dall (The Blind Piper), was a Scottish Gaelic poet and composer, and the grandfather of William Ross 
Passage 3:
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: قایا الپ, lit  'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah  He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I  He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp  He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks 
Passage 4:
Zhao Shoushan
Zhao Shoushan (simplified Chinese: 赵寿山; traditional Chinese: 趙壽山; pinyin: Zhào Shòushān; 12 November 1894 – 20 June 1965) was a KMT general and later Chinese Communist Party politician  He is the grandfather of Zhao Leji 

Career
Zhao Shoushan was born in Hu County, Shaanxi in 1894  After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Zhao was the CCP Chairman of Qinghai and Governor of Shaanxi 

External links
(in Chinese) Biography of Zhao Shoushan, Shaanxi Daily July 9, 2006 
Passage 5:
John Westley
Rev  John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister  He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism) 

Life
John Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev  Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland  He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B A  on 23 January 1655, and M A  on 4 July 1657  After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset  Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of Winterborne Whitechurch The report of his interview in 1661 with Gilbert Ironside the elder, his diocesan, according to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, shows him to have been an Independent  He was imprisoned for not using the Book of Common Prayer, imprisoned again and ejected in 1662  After the Conventicle Act 1664 he continued to preach in small gatherings at Preston and then Poole, until his death at Preston in 1678 

Family
He married a daughter of John White, who was related also to Thomas Fuller  White, the "Patriarch of Dorchester", married a sister of Cornelius Burges  Westley's eldest son was Timothy (born 1659)  Their second son was Rev  Samuel Wesley, a High Church Anglican vicar and the father of John and Charles Wesley  A younger son, Matthew Wesley, remained a nonconformist, became a London apothecary, and died on 10 June 1737, leaving a son, Matthew, in India; he provided for some of his brother Samuel's daughters 

Notes
Additional sources
Matthews, A  G , "Calamy Revised", Oxford University Press, 1934, page 521  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Wesley, Samuel (1662-1735)"  Dictionary of National Biography  London: Smith, Elder & Co  1885–1900 
Passage 6:
Dibyasambandh
Princess Dibyasambanna (Thai: พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าทิพยสัมพันธ์; RTGS: Phra Worawong Thoe Phra Ong Chao Thipphayasamphan; Née Her Serene Highness Princess (Mom Chao) Dibyasambanna Bhanubandh Thai: ทิพยสัมพันธ์ ภาณุพันธ์; RTGS: Thipphayasamphan Phanuphan; 17 May 1885 - 26 July 1908) was a Princess of Siam (later Thailand)  She was a member of Siamese royal family, specifically the Bhanubandh family, as a daughter of Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse and Mom Liam 

Biography
Princess Dibyasambanna is the eldest child of Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse and Mom Liam, the princess born at Buraphaphirom Palace On 7 July 1885  As for the name, Dibyasambanna Bhanubandh was bestowed by King Chulalongkorn  As well as being close to King Chulalongkorn since childhood, Princess Dibyasambanna was married to Abhakara Kiartivongse, Prince of Chumphon on February 28, 1900  They had three sons: Prince Kiat Abhakara (Born and died on the same day), Prince Aditya Dibabha and Prince Rangsiyakorn Abhakara 
While Prince Rangsiyakorn Abhakara, the youngest son, had only 1 year old, an unexpected incident occurred when Princess Dibyasambanna died of poison on July 26, 1908  The royal fire ceremony began on 2 February 1908, which has dug a burial ground to be sent to cremate the cremation at the crematorium of Wat Debsirindrawas Ratchaworawiharn  The cremation ceremony was held on 3 February, with King Chulalongkorn become the president of the ceremony 
Passage 7:
Bhanurangsi Savangwongse
Bhanurangsi Savangwongse, the Prince Bhanubandhu Vongsevoradej (11 January 1859 – 13 June 1928)  (Thai: สมเด็จพระราชปิตุลาบรมพงศาภิมุข เจ้าฟ้าภาณุรังษีสว่างวงศ์ กรมพระยาภาณุพันธุวงศ์วรเดช) was a son of King Mongkut of Siam and Queen Debsirindra Although the Prince held a number of posts in the government of his elder brother, King Chulalongkorn, including the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Siamese Army, he is best remembered as the founder of the Thai postal service and the first Field marshal in Royal Siamese Army during King Vajiravudh His most famous son is the Formula One racer, Prince Birabongse Bhanutej Bhanubandh, better known as Prince Bira 

Early life and education
Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse born on 11 January 1860 at the Grand Palace, Bangkok  He has 3 brothers and sisters, including King Chulalongkorn, Princess Chandrmondol and Prince Chaturonrasmi  After 2 years, his mother died  Later, his father died when he was 10 years old  He was the scatterer of rice in the procession of the royal funeral of King Mongkut  When he was 12 years old King Chulalongkorn appointed him as Prince Brother, with a royal ceremony at the Dusit Maha Prasat Throne Hall  When he was 13 years old he was ordained as a novice at Wat Phra Kaew with Supreme Patriarch Pavares Variyalongkorn as a preceptor then went out to Wat Bowonniwet Vihara He began his studies in the school of female teachers and began to study by himself  After that, he studied the books of Khmer and Pali at the Bureau of Phraya Priyatthi Dhammada when he is ordained  After that, he studied military education at the Bureau of the King's Guard since 1872 and learning the Thai language from Phraya Srisoonthorn Waham (Noi Ajarayangkul) including studying civil service traditions and royal traditions from Prince Mahamala, the Prince Bamrapporapak 

Careers
He carried out military service in a special officer rank, with a first lieutenant's uniform in Bureau of the King's Guard When King Chulalongkorn travelled to Singapore (2nd time) and Burma, parts of England throughout India including the rising districts of Siam along the western coast of Malaya  He held positions including Minister of the Council and Privy Council of King Chulalongkorn, Chancellor of the Ministry of Defense, The Privy Council of King Rama VI and the President and Privy Councilor in King Rama VII, Inspector General, Commander of the Navy Department and Director-General of the Post and Telegraph Department 

Death
Prince Bhanurangsi Savangwongse died on 13 June 1928 aged 68 at Buraphaphirom Palace 

Issue
He had 16 children, 9 sons and 7 daughters:

Princess Dibyasambandh
Prince Nibanna Bhanubongse
Prince Siriwongse Vadhanadej
Princess (unnamed)
Princess Chalermkhetramongmol
Prince Suriyon Yiembayab
Prince Ballap Danaya
Prince Daeng (stillborn)
Princess Khaimuk
Princess Rambhai Prabha
Prince Aphassorawongse
Prince Birabongse Bhanudej
Prince Norasetdha Suriyalaksana
Prince Chirasakdi Suprabhas (th:พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าจิรศักดิ์สุประภาต)
Princess Lek (died at six days old)

Ancestry
Passage 8:
Fred Le Deux
Frederick David Le Deux (born 4 December 1934) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL)



ground_truth: Forbidden Daughters

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Trịnh Doanh?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  He is the grandfather of Tom Hawkins 

Early life
Le Deux grew up in Nagambie and attended Assumption College, after which he went to Bendigo to study teaching 

Football
While a student at Bendigo Teachers' Training College, Le Deux played for the Sandhurst Football Club  He then moved to Ocean Grove to take up a teaching position and in 1956 joined Geelong A follower and defender, Le Deux made 18 appearances for Geelong over three seasons, from 1956 to 1958 He was troubled by a back injury in 1958, which kept him out of the entire 1959 VFL season In 1960 he joined Victorian Football Association club Mordialloc, as he had transferred to a local technical school 

Family
Le Deux's daughter Jennifer was married to former Geelong player Jack Hawkins  Jennifer died in 2015  Their son, Tom Hawkins, currently plays for Geelong 
Passage 9:
Lyon Cohen
Lyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist  He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen 

Biography
Cohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868  He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871  He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal  In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L  Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W  R  Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co , a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co  in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd   The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada  The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism  In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69 

Philanthropy
Cohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada  Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal  He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada 

Personal life
Cohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891  She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School  They had three sons and one daughter:

Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:
Esther Cohen and
singer/poet Leonard Cohen 
Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;
Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, and
Sylvia Lillian Cohen 
Passage 10:
Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شَيْبَة إبْن هَاشِم; c  497–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, (Arabic: عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب, lit  'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation  He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 

Early life
His father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81  the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca  They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm  His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah)  Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born : 81 His real name was "Shaiba" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-Ḥamd ("The white streak of praise") : 81–82  After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care  Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent  Muṭṭalib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca  Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go  Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib ("servant of Muttalib") : 85–86

Chieftain of Hashim clan
When Muṭṭalib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan  Following his uncle Al-Muṭṭalib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people  He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them : 61 
'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib and Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba  Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib  Addressing Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, he said:
Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate  You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe 

Discovery of Zam Zam Well
'Abdul-Muṭṭalib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila  There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca  The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-Ḥārith stood guard until they gave up their protests  After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, "Allahuakbar!" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar  It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well  So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition  They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost  There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out  One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others  So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Muṭṭalib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed  It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well  Thereafter he supplied pilgrims to the Kaaba with Zam Zam water, which soon eclipsed all the other wells in Mecca because it was considered sacred : 86–89 : 62–65

The Year of the Elephant
According to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Kaaba's reverence among the Arabs and, being a Christian, he built a cathedral on Sana'a and ordered pilgrimage be made there : 21  The order was ignored and someone desecrated (some saying in the form of defecation: 696 note 35 ) the cathedral  Abrahah decided to avenge this act by demolishing the Kaaba and he advanced with an army towards Mecca : 22–23 There were thirteen elephants in Abrahah's army: 99 : 26  and the year came to be known as 'Ām al-Fīl (the Year of the Elephant), beginning a trend for reckoning the years in Arabia which was used until 'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb replaced it with the Islamic Calendar in 638 CE (17 AH), with the first year of the Islamic Calendar being 622 CE 
When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinānah, Khuzā'ah and Hudhayl united in defence of the Kaaba



ground_truth: Trịnh Bính

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Dibyasambandh?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  A man from the Ḥimyar tribe was sent by Abrahah to advise them that he only wished to demolish the Kaaba and if they resisted, they would be crushed  "Abdul-Muṭṭalib told the Meccans to seek refuge in the nearest high hills while he, with some leading members of Quraysh, remained within the precincts of the Kaaba  Abrahah sent a dispatch inviting 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib to meet him and discuss matters  When 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib left the meeting he was heard saying, "The Owner of this House is its Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonour the servants of His House ": 24–26 It is recorded that when Abrahah's forces neared the Kaaba, Allah commanded small birds (abābīl) to destroy Abrahah's army, raining down pebbles on it from their beaks  Abrahah was seriously wounded and retreated towards Yemen but died on the way : 26–27  This event is referred to in the following Qur'anic chapter:

Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant?
Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray?

And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay, so He rendered them like straw eaten up 
Most Islamic sources place the event around the year that Muhammad was born, 570 CE, though other scholars place it one or two decades earlier  A tradition attributed to Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri in the musannaf of ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani places it before the birth of Muhammad's father 

Sacrificing his son Abdullah
Al-Harith was 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's only son at the time he dug the Zamzam Well : 64  When the Quraysh tried to help him in the digging, he vowed that if he were to have ten sons to protect him, he would sacrifice one of them to Allah at the Kaaba  Later, after nine more sons had been born to him, he told them he must keep the vow  The divination arrows fell upon his favourite son Abdullah  The Quraysh protested 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's intention to sacrifice his son and demanded that he sacrifice something else instead  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib agreed to consult a "sorceress with a familiar spirit"  She told him to cast lots between Abdullah and ten camels  If Abdullah were chosen, he had to add ten more camels, and keep on doing the same until his Lord accepted the camels in Abdullah's place  When the number of camels reached 100, the lot fell on the camels  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib confirmed this by repeating the test three times  Then the camels were sacrificed, and Abdullah was spared : 66–68

Family
Wives
Abd al-Muttalib had six known wives 

Sumra bint Jundab of the Hawazin tribe 
Lubnā bint Hājar of the Khuza'a tribe 
Fatima bint Amr of the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Halah bint Wuhayb of the Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Natīla bint Janab of the Namir tribe 
Mumanna'a bint Amr of the Khuza'a tribe 

Children
According to Ibn Hisham, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib had ten sons and six daughters : 707–708 note 97  However, Ibn Sa'd lists twelve sons : 99–101 By Sumra bint Jundab:

Al-Ḥārith : 708  He was the firstborn and he died before his father : 99 
Quthum : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham By Fatima bint Amr:

Al-Zubayr : 707  He was a poet and a chief; his father made a will in his favour : 99  He died before Islam, leaving two sons and daughters : 101 : 34–35 
Abu Talib, born as Abd Manaf,: 99 : 707  father of the future Caliph Ali  He later became chief of the Hashim clan 
Abdullah, the father of Muhammad : 99 : 707 
Umm Hakim al-Bayda,: 100 : 707  the maternal grandmother of the third Caliph Uthman : 32 
Barra,: 100 : 707  the mother of Abu Salama : 33 
Arwa : 100 : 707 
Atika,: 100 : 707  a wife of Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira : 31 
Umayma,: 100 : 707  the mother of Zaynab bint Jahsh and Abd Allah ibn Jahsh : 33 By Lubnā bint Hājar:

Abd al-'Uzzā, better known as Abū Lahab : 100 : 708 By Halah bint Wuhayb:

Ḥamza,: 707  the first big leader of Islam  He killed many leaders of the kufar and was considered as the strongest man of the quraysh  He was martyred at Uhud : 100 
Ṣafīyya : 100 : 707 
Al-Muqawwim : 707  He married Qilaba bint Amr ibn Ju'ana ibn Sa'd al-Sahmia, and had children named Abd Allah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, and Umm Amr (Qutayla or Amra) 
Hajl : 707  He married Umm Murra bint Abi Qays ibn Abd Wud, and had two sons, named Abd Allah, Ubayd Allah, and three daughters named Murra, Rabi'a, and Fakhita By Natīlah bint Khubāb:

al-'Abbas,: 100 : 707  ancestor of the Abbasid caliphs 
Ḍirār,: 707  who died before Islam : 100 
Jahl, died before Islam
Imran, died before IslamBy Mumanna'a bint 'Amr:

Mus'ab, who, according to Ibn Saad, was the one known as al-Ghaydāq : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham 
Al-Ghaydaq, died before Islam 
Abd al-Ka'ba, died before Islam : 100 
Al-Mughira,: 100  who had the byname al-Ghaydaq 

The family tree and some of his important descendants
Death
Abdul Muttalib's son 'Abdullāh died four months before Muḥammad's birth, after which Abdul Muttalib took care of his daughter-in-law Āminah  One day Muhammad's mother, Amina, wanted to go to Yathrib, where her husband, Abdullah, died  So, Muhammad, Amina, Abd al-Muttalib and their caretaker, Umm Ayman started their journey to Medina, which is around 500 kilometres away from Makkah  They stayed there for three weeks, then, started their journey back to Mecca  But, when they reached halfway, at Al-Abwa', Amina became very sick and died six years after her husband's death  She was buried over there  From then, Muhammad became an orphan  Abd al-Muttalib became very sad for Muhammad because he loved him so much  Abd al-Muttalib took care of Muhammad  But when Muhammad was eight years old, the very old Abd al-Muttalib became very sick and died at age 81-82 in 578-579 CE 
Shaybah ibn Hāshim's grave can be found in the Jannat al-Mu'allā cemetery in Makkah, Saudi Arabia 

See also
Family tree of Muhammad
Family tree of Shaiba ibn Hashim
Sahaba



ground_truth: Mongkut