prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film came out earlier, X-Paroni or Mi Novia Está De Madre?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Mi novia el   
Mi novia el    (My Girlfriend the   ) is a 1975 Argentine comedy film  The original title, Mi novia el travesti ("My Girlfriend the Transvestite") was edited by Argentine censors when the film was first released  The original script was about a real travesti supposed to be protagonized by Jorge Perez, a famous travesti under the name of Jorge Perez Evelyn  However, the censorship was so strong that the script was changed and Perez was replaced with actress Susana Giménez 
The plot is based on the 1933 German film Victor and Victoria 

Plot
Alberto is a regular middle-aged man who lives with his elder mother and works at a factory  After a night out where he attends a show by transvestite artist Dominique, he develops an unexpected fixation with the artist  What started out as a loud reaction of disgust and bigotry, slowly turns into him realizing that he is in fact attracted to Dominique  This newfound interest fills Alberto's mind with guilt and doubt, while his coworkers start mocking him for dating a "weirdo", and his family grieve his lost decency  In the midst of Alberto's predicament, a revelation by Dominique will shake the board 

Cast
Alberto Olmedo as	Alberto aka Laucha
Susana Giménez as	Dominique/María Isabel
Cacho Espíndola as Lince
Tristán as Alfonso
Marcos Zucker as Serafín
Tincho Zabala as Gustavo aka Tordo
María Rosa Fugazot as Delia
Menchu Quesada as Alberto's Mother
Nené Malbrán as Margarita
Adolfo Linvel as Don Francisco
Alita Román as María Isabel's Mother
Pedro Quartucci as María Isabel's Father
Pablo Cumo
Ricardo Jordán
Constanza Maral as Alberto's coworker
Daniel Miglioranza as Alberto's coworker
Alfonso Pícaro as Amigo despedida soltero
Raúl Ricutti
Jorge Porcel
Passage 2:
Mi novia es un fantasma
Mi novia es un fantasma is a 1944 Argentine romantic comedy film directed by Francisco Múgica and starring Mirtha Legrand, Pepe Iglesias, and Nuri Montsé  At the 1945 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards Iglesias won the Silver Condor Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role for his performance in the film 

Cast
Pepe Iglesias
Mirtha Legrand
Nuri Montsé
Osvaldo Miranda
Benita Puértolas
Olga Casares Pearson
Lalo Malcolm
Susana Campos
Vicente Rubino
Mario Giusti
Passage 3:
The Night of Nights
The Night of Nights is a 1939 black-and-white drama film written by Donald Ogden Stewart and directed by Lewis Milestone for Paramount Pictures that starred Pat O'Brien, Olympe Bradna, and Roland Young The film received positive contemporary reviews from publications such as The New York Times  Director Milestone went on to other successful productions after the film came out, including Ocean's 11 and Pork Chop Hill 

Background
Milestone directed The Night of Nights nine years after winning the 1930 Academy Award for Best Director for All Quiet on the Western Front 

Plot
Dan O'Farrell (Pat O'Brien) is a brilliant Broadway theater playwright, actor, and producer who has left the business   When he was younger, he and his partner Barry Keith-Trimble (Roland Young) were preparing for the opening night of O'Farell's play Laughter by getting drunk   When it was time to perform, they were so intoxicated they ended up brawling on stage and fell into the orchestra pit   The two left the theater and continued drinking, until they learn that they have been suspended  At the same time, O'Farrell learns that his wife, actress Alyce Martelle, is pregnant and has left him for ruining her performance in Laughter as Toni   Despondent, he in left the business and went into seclusion 
Years later, his daughter Marie (Olympe Bradna) locates him and inspires him to return to Broadway   He decides to restage Laughter with its original cast, but with Marie substituting for Alyce in the part of Toni   Hoping to make a glorious return with a show that would be a hit with critics and the public alike, O'Farrell enlists the aid of friends to embark on a full-fledged comeback 

Cast
Reception
Frank S  Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the work of actors Pat O'Brien and Roland Young, had "been a labor of love and the film has profited accordingly " In noting that the plot centered on "the theatre and some of the curious folk who inhabit it", the newspaper's review stated that the film had an acceptable sentimentality and shared that the story was "an uncommonly interesting study of a man's mind, subtly written and directed, presented with honesty and commendable sincerity by Mr  O'Brien, Mr  Young and Olympe Bradna, and well worth any one's attention " The only objection in the review was that the stage play Laughter, the piece being produced within the film by O'Brien's character of Dan O'Farrell, "seemed to be the most awful tripe "
Passage 4:
El fantasma de mi novia
My Girlfriend's Ghost (Spanish: El fantasma de mi novia) is a 2018 Dominican fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Francis Disla,  and stars Carmen Villalobos, and William Levy  The film premiered on May 3, 2018 

Plot
The film revolves around Lupe del Mar, an impertinent and arrogant actress of Mexican telenovelas, who travels to Dominican Republic to make one of her greatest dreams come true, to record a film  She suffers a terrible accident, which leads her to be in a coma and experience fun situations 

Cast
Carmen Villalobos as Lupe del Mar
William Levy as Chepa
Fausto Mata as Juglar Elías Delmonte Carmelo
Susana Dosamantes as Abuela María
Brandon Peniche as Fernando Hurtado
Francisca Lachapel as Deborah Pinales
Elizabeth Gutiérrez as Elena
Passage 5:
MI-2
MI-2 or Mi-2 can refer to:

Michigan's 2nd congressional district
Mil Mi-2, a light helicopter
Mission: Impossible 2, a 2000 action spy film
Anti-Mi-2 antibodies
Mi-2 complex, also known as NuRD (nucleosome remodeling deacetylase) complex
Passage 6:
My Little Eye
My Little Eye is a 2002 British horror film directed by Marc Evans about five adults who agree to spend six months together in an isolated mansion while being filmed at all times  The idea for the film came from reality television shows such as Big Brother  The title refers to the guessing game I spy 

Plot
Five contestants, Matt (Sean Cw Johnson), Emma (Laura Regan), Charlie (Jennifer Sky), Danny (Stephen O'Reilly) and Rex (Kris Lemche), agree to take part in a reality webcast, where they must spend six months in a house to win $1 million  If anyone leaves, then no one wins the money  Nearing the end of the six months, tension between the contestants rises after Emma finds strange messages she believes are from a man from her past and the food packages arrive containing a letter that claims Danny's grandfather has died, and a gun with five bullets 
One night, a man named Travis Patterson (Bradley Cooper) arrives, claiming he is lost in the woods and that his GPS has died  Despite claiming to be an internet programmer, he claims to not recognize any of the contestants or ever having heard of the show  Later that night, Travis has sex with Charlie, and then secretly talks directly into a camera, to communicate with whoever is watching them  The next morning, Travis leaves and Danny discovers his backpack outside covered in blood and shredded to pieces  The contestants assume he was attacked by an animal but Rex believes Travis works for the people running their show and that it is all a trick to make them leave the house and forfeit the prize money 
Emma discovers her underwear among Danny’s belongings and confronts him, unaware that Travis planted them there the previous night  Danny denies it and attempts to make peace by giving her a crudely carved wooden cat, which Emma and Charlie ridicule, while Danny overhears 
The next morning, the group finds Danny has committed suicide by hanging himself from the staircase balcony with a rope  The guests finally decide to leave, but after being unable to contact anyone via radio, decide to wait until the next morning  Rex uses the GPS unit from Travis' bag and his laptop to gain access to the internet to find out more about the show but is unable to find any evidence of their show online 
Rex is only able to find a heavily encrypted beta site, that requires a $50,000 fee to access, and displays a web page with their pictures and betting odds  The group decides they will leave the next morning, though Rex and Emma go up to the roof to set off a flare  While Charlie and Matt remain in the house, Matt asks a camera if he should kill her, before suffocating her with a plastic bag 
Later, while Emma is sleeping, Rex comes downstairs and is decapitated with an axe by Matt  Matt awakens Emma and brings her up to the attic, telling her he is being chased and the others are dead  He then makes advances on Emma, who refuses, and attempts to rape her, before she stabs him in the back and runs off 
Emma runs outside and finds a police officer, who handcuffs her inside the car and enters the house  An injured Matt then crawls out, begging the cop to let him kill Emma, since he spent six months in the house with her  Realizing they are working together, Emma escapes the car and tries to run but is shot in the back with a rifle by the cop 
Matt and the cop sit in the kitchen discussing the setup they created with Travis for their high paying clients who want to witness the murders  When the cop says there are always "five suckers" to play the game with, Matt corrects him to four, and is then shot in the head  The cop then leaves, talking to Travis over the radio, while Emma is seen locked in a small room, unable to escape  As she collapses screaming, the cameras filming all shut off, one by one 

Cast
Sean Cw Johnson as Matt
Kris Lemche as Rex
Stephen O'Reilly as Danny
Laura Regan as Emma
Jennifer Sky as Charlie
Nick Mennell as The Cop
Bradley Cooper as Travis Patterson

Home media
My Little Eye is available on DVD from MCA/Universal Home Video with most of the special features available on the Region 2 Special Edition including a filmmakers' commentary and deleted scenes  There is an audio mode "Conversations of the Company (Eavesdropping Audio Track)" which allows the viewer to listen to the radio conversations between the members of the company: Travis and "the cop"  However, during this mode, the viewer cannot hear all of the dialogue of the cast in the scene  A UK release contains a 'Special Mode' where viewers see the film from the perspective of an internet subscriber, and more extra features become unlocked as the film goes on  You can watch other things going on in 'the house' in real time to what's happening in the film 

Reception
The film received polarized but positive reviews and holds 67% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 21 reviews, with an average score of 5 2/10 

See also
List of films featuring surveillance
Passage 7:
The Fabulous Senorita
The Fabulous Senorita is a 1952 American musical comedy film directed by R  G  Springsteen and starring Estelita Rodriguez, Robert Clarke and Nestor Paiva  The film came at the tail-end of a cycle of Latin American-themed films, though it did introduce a new star, Rita Moreno 

Plot
Cast
Estelita Rodriguez as Estelita Rodriguez
Robert Clarke as Jerry Taylor
Nestor Paiva as José Rodriguez
Marvin Kaplan as Clifford Van Kunkle
Rita Moreno as Manuela Rodríguez
Leon Belasco as Señor Gonzales
Tito Renaldo as Pedro Sanchez
Tom Powers as Delaney
Emory Parnell as Dean Bradshaw
Olin Howland as Justice of the Peace
Vito Scotti as Esteban Gonzales
Martin Garralaga as Police Captain Garcia
Nita Del Rey as Felice
Joan Blake as Betty
Frances Dominguez as Amelia
Betty Farrington as Janitress
Norman Field as Dr  Campbell
Clark Howat as Davis
Frank Kreig as Cab Driver
Dorothy Neumann as Mrs  Black
Elizabeth Slifer as Wife of Justice of the Peace
Charles Sullivan as Cab Driver
Arthur Walsh as Pete
Passage 8:
Operation Leopard
La légion saute sur Kolwezi, also known as Operation Leopard, is a French war film directed by Raoul Coutard and filmed in French Guiana  The script is based on the true story of the Battle of Kolwezi that happened in 1978  It was diligently described in a book of the same name by former 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment Captain Pierre Sergent  He published his book in 1979, and the film came out in 1980  Coutard shot the film in a documentary style 

Plot
The film is based on true events  In 1978, approximately 3,000 heavily armed fighters from Katanga crossed the border to the Zaire and marched into Kolwezi, a mining centre for copper and cobalt  They took 3,000 civilians as hostages  Within a few days, between 90 and 280 hostages were killed  The rebels appeared to be unpredictable and are reported to have threatened to annihilate all civilians 
Mobutu Sese Seko, Zaire's head of state, urged Belgium, France and the United States to help  France sent the Foreign Legion's 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment, which were flown from Corsica to Kolwezi  Following their arrival, they secured the perimeter, in co-operation with Belgian soldiers from Zaire, and then started to evacuate the civilians  Within two days more than 2,000 Europeans and about 3,000 African citizens were saved  The film strives to depict the events in a dramatised form, concentrating on the Europeans' plight 

Production
The late Jean Seberg had filmed scenes on location for the film, but her death caused her to be replaced by another French American actress, Mimsy Farmer, who reshot Seberg's scenes 

Cast
Bruno Cremer: Pierre Delbart
Jacques Perrin:Ambassador Berthier
Laurent Malet: Phillipe Denrémont
Pierre Vaneck: Colonel Grasser
Mimsy Farmer: Annie Devrindt
Giuliano Gemma: Adjudant Fédérico
Robert Etcheverry : Colonel Dubourg
Jean-Claude Bouillon : Maurois
Passage 9:
X-Paroni
X-Paroni (X-Baron) is a 1964 Finnish comedy and the debut of Spede Pasanen as a leading male role and debut as a co-writer and director of a full-length film 

Plot summary
The plot concerns a wealthy but naive baron von Tandem (Pasanen), who is so interested in foreign cultures (particularly Native American), that he is oblivious that people within his own organization are funneling money to a local mafia  While visiting the countryside the baron is mistaken for a lazy but clever and inventive farmer Kalle (also Pasanen), who looks exactly like him, and the two switch places by accident  While the reserved baron manages to charm the simple people of the country village, his lookalike cracks down on the corruption within the baron's business monopoly (often spoken of but never elaborated)  This eventually leads the mob attempting to assassinate the baron (actually Kalle), who then flees back to the countryside after learning of his doppelgänger  In the end the baron and Kalle meet and trade places for good, the baron choosing the simple country life and Kalle taking over the baron's business empire 

Production
The film marked Spede's one and only time as a collaborative film-maker with Jaakko Pakkasvirta (who plays James in the film) and Risto Jarva  Although all three share writing-credit, Pasanen was mainly responsible for planning the comedy of the film  Of Spede's future collaborators, the film features a first appearance by Simo Salminen in a minor role, before he would appear more prominently in Millipilleri and several other future films 
The film introduced several conventions of Spede's later work such as gangsters, gadgetry, a luxuriously rich main protagonist and an intentionally fast-paced crazy comedy delivery  Similarly to his later films Noin 7 Veljestä, Speedy Gonzales - Noin Seitsemän Veljeksen Poika, Koeputkiaikuinen ja Simon enkelit and Tup-Akka-Lakko, Pasanen plays a dual-role 

External links
 Media related to X-Paroni at Wikimedia Commons
X-Paroni at IMDb
Passage 10:
Mi novia está de madre
Mi novia está de madre is a Dominican comedy movie released in the summer of 2007   The film stars Roberto Salcedo, Mexican actress Patricia Manterola, and merengue singer Eddy Herrera 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Michel Barbey
Michel Barbey (1927-) is a French stage, film, and television actor known for his comic roles  He starred in the 1950 film Dominique 

Selected filmography
Lawless Roads (1947)
Rendezvous in July (1949)
The Wolf (1949)
Cartouche, King of Paris (1950)
Dominique (1950)
The Girl with the Whip (1952)
The Secret of the Mountain Lake (1952)
Their Last Night (1953)
The Case of Doctor Laurent (1957)
La Horse (1970)
Passage 2:
Chris Segar
Chris Segar is a Welsh television presenter best known for presenting the consumer affairs programme The Ferret since 1996 

Career
Chris Segar started his career as a daily newspaper reporter and from 1963 (maybe) worked for Radio Clwyd and BBC Wales before moving to ITV Wales, where he has specialised in presenting current affairs programmes such as Wales This Week and The Ferret  He has also directed and produced documentary programmes Segar has also presented Welsh and Wealthy and Segar On Success on ITV1 Wales 

Personal life
Segar is married and has a son, daughter, stepson, and six grandchildren  He lives in Cardiff and also has a home in France 
Passage 3:
René Clément
René Clément (French: [ʁəne klemɑ̃]; 18 March 1913 – 17 March 1996) was a French film director and screenwriter  He is known for directing the films The Battle of the Rails (1946), Forbidden Games (1952), Gervaise (1956), Purple Noon (1960), and Is Paris Burning (1966)  He received numerous accolades including five prizes at the Cannes Film Festival and the Honorary César in 1984 

Early life
Clément studied architecture at the École des Beaux-Arts where he developed an interest in filmmaking  In 1936, he directed his first film, a 20-minute short written by and featuring Jacques Tati  Clément spent the latter part of the 1930s making documentaries in parts of the Middle East and Africa  In 1937, he and archaeologist Jules Barthou were in Yemen making preparations to film a documentary, the first ever of that country and one that includes the only known film image of Imam Yahya 

Career
Almost ten years passed before Clément directed a feature but his French Resistance film, La Bataille du rail (1945), gained much critical and commercial success  From there Clément became one of his country's most successful and respected directors, garnering numerous awards including two films that won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the first in 1950 for The Walls of Malapaga (Au-delà des grilles) and the second time two years later for Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)  Clément had international success with several films but his star-studded 1966 epic Is Paris Burning?, written by Gore Vidal and Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Paul Graetz was a costly box office failure 
He began directing Play Dirty (a k a  Written in the Sand) but quit early in production due to disputes with the film's producer Harry Saltzman  He directed the thriller Joy House (1964) with Jane Fonda and Alain Delon  
In May 2023 On Watch What Happens Live! with Andy Cohen, Fonda alleged that Clément sexually harassed her during the film's production telling her that the film involved a love scene and that she needed to sleep with him so that he could judge her orgasm  During the production he was 51 and she was 27 In 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival  Clément continued to make a few films until his retirement in 1975, including an international success with Rider on the Rain that starred Charles Bronson and Marlène Jobert  In 1984 the French motion picture industry honored his lifetime contribution to film with a special César Award 

Personal life
Clément's second wife was Irish-born screenwriter Johanna Harwood whom he had met on the set of his 1954 film Monsieur Ripois 

Death
Clément died on 17 March 1996, a day before his 83rd birthday and was buried in the local cemetery in Menton on the French Riviera where he had spent his years in retirement 

Films
Director
Soigne ton gauche, 1936
Paris la nuit, 1939
La Bataille du rail (Battle of the Rails), 1946
Le Père tranquille (Mr  Orchid), 1946
Les Maudits (The Damned), 1947
Au-delà des grilles (The Walls of Malapaga), 1949
Le Château de verre (Glass Castle), 1950
Jeux interdits (Forbidden Games), 1952
Monsieur Ripois (Knave of Hearts), 1954
Gervaise, 1956
This Angry Age (Barrage contre le Pacifique, La Diga sul Pacifico), 1958
Plein soleil (Purple Noon), 1960
Quelle joie de vivre (The Joy of Living, Che gioia vivere), 1961
Le Jour et l'Heure (The Day and the Hour), 1963
Les Félins (Love Cage/Joy House), 1964
Paris brûle-t-il? (Is Paris Burning?), 1966
Le Passager de la pluie (Rider on the Rain), 1969
La Maison sous les arbres (The Deadly Trap), 1971
La Course du lièvre à travers les champs (   and Hope to Die), 1972
La Baby-Sitter (Wanted: Babysitter), 1975

Actor
Plein soleil (1960) - Le serveur maladroit (uncredited)
The Joy of Living (1963) - French General
Yoroppa tokkyu (1984) - (final film role)

Accolades
1946: International Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival - La Bataille du rail (Battle of the Rails)
1949: Cannes Film Festival Best Director award - Au-delà des grilles (The Walls of Malapaga)
1952: Lion d'or at the Venice Film Festival - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1952: New York Film Critics Circle Awards for Best Foreign Language Film - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1953: BAFTA Award for Best Film - Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits)
1954: Prix du jury at Cannes Film Festival - Monsieur Ripois (Lover Boy)
1956: Lion d'or at the Venice Film Festival - Gervaise
1956: BAFTA Award for Best Film - Gervaise
Passage 4:
The War of the Volcanoes
The War of the Volcanoes (Italian original title La guerra dei vulcani) is a 2012 documentary film directed by Francesco Patierno detailing the filming of Roberto Rossellini's 1950 film Stromboli starring Ingrid Bergman and the 1950 film Volcano starring Anna Magnani 

External links
The War of the Volcanoes at IMDb
Passage 5:
The Glass Castle (2017 film)
The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham, and Marti Noxon  It is based on Jeannette Walls' 2005 best-selling memoir of the same name  Depicting Walls' childhood,  where her family lived in poverty and sometimes as squatters, the film stars Brie Larson as Walls, with Naomi Watts, Woody Harrelson, Max Greenfield, and Sarah Snook in supporting roles 
The Glass Castle was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics  They praised the performances of its cast, particularly Larson, but criticized the emotional tones and adaptation  The film grossed $22 million in North America 

Plot
As a child, Jeannette Walls lives a nomadic life with her painter mother Rose, her intelligent but irresponsible father Rex, older sister Lori, and younger brother Brian  While cooking unsupervised, Jeannette is severely burned  At the hospital, a doctor and social worker question her home life, but Rex distracts the staff and escapes with Jeannette  The family leaves town, and Jeannette is enchanted by Rex’s plans for the family’s dream house, a glass castle 
The family soon includes Jeannette’s infant sister Maureen, and remains on the move for years, eventually relocating to a dilapidated house in Utah  Jeannette nearly drowns when a drunk Rex aggressively teaches her to swim  He assaults the lifeguard, forcing the family – now pursued by the law and with no money – to go to Welch, West Virginia, where the children meet their grandparents and uncle Stanley  
Rex moves his family into a ramshackle house in the wilderness, living without running water, gas, or electricity  When the family has not eaten in days, Rex takes their remaining money to buy food, but returns home drunk after a fight  Sewing up his wound, Jeannette asks him to stop drinking, and Rex ties himself to his bed, successfully enduring withdrawal  He lands a job as a construction worker and the family enjoys a comfortable Christmas 
The parents attend the funeral of Rose’s mother in Texas, leaving the children with their grandparents in Welch  The sisters discover Erma sexually assaulting Brian and attack her, but are pulled away by Stanley  When their parents return, Rex refuses to listen to his children about the incident  The family returns home and he resumes drinking, leading to a violent altercation with Rose  Jeannette is unable to convince her mother to leave Rex, and the siblings promise to care for each other and escape their poverty 
As a teenager, Jeannette is drawn to journalism  The siblings have now saved enough money for Lori to leave for New York City, infuriating Rex; Jeannette prepares to do the same  Erma dies, and after the funeral, Jeannette is pulled into her father’s scheme to hustle his acquaintance Robbie at pool  He loses to Rex and unwittingly reveals Jeannette’s plan to move to New York City  She accompanies Robbie upstairs and he attempts to rape her, but she shows her scars from her childhood burns and leaves  
At home, she discovers her father has stolen her savings, but escapes from home anyway  Attending college in New York City, Jeannette faces financial difficulties and prepares to drop out, but Rex arrives with a pile of gambling winnings, telling her to follow her dreams 
By 1989, Jeannette is a gossip columnist for New York magazine and engaged to marry David, a financial analyst  At dinner with a client of David’s, Jeannette lies about her parents  On the way home, she sees her now-homeless parents dumpster diving  She later meets with her mother, who is dismissive of her engagement  Jeannette and David visit her family at the abandoned building where her parents are squatting  Brian, now a police officer, and Lori live comfortably, but Maureen has moved in with their parents  Rex and David drunkenly arm wrestle and David wins, but Rex punches him in the nose anyway  Returning home, David tells Jeannette that he wants nothing more to do with her parents 
Maureen calls Jeannette to explain that she is moving to California  At her engagement party, Jeannette discovers that her parents have owned valuable land – now worth almost $1 million – since she was a child, but chose never to sell  Furious at Rex’s refusal to admit to the pain he caused his family, Jeannette bans him from her life  Some time later, Jeannette is unhappily married to David  Rose reaches out to tell her Rex is dying, but Jeannette refuses to see him  At dinner with another of David’s clients, Jeannette finds the courage to reveal the truth about her parents  She races to her father, and they reconcile before he dies  The following Thanksgiving, Jeannette – now a freelance writer living alone – celebrates with her family, reminiscing about Rex’s unconventional life 

Cast
Brie Larson as Jeannette Walls
Chandler Head as Jeannette Walls (age 8)
Ella Anderson as Jeannette Walls (age 11)
Naomi Watts as Rose Mary Walls
Woody Harrelson as Rex Walls
Sarah Snook as Lori Walls
Olivia Kate Rice as Lori Walls (age 10)
Sadie Sink as Lori Walls (age 13)
Josh Caras as Brian Walls
Iain Armitage as Brian Walls (age 6)
Charlie Shotwell as Brian Walls (age 9)
Brigette Lundy-Paine as Maureen Walls
Charlie and Noemie Guyon as Baby Maureen Walls
Eden Grace Redfield as three-year-old Maureen Walls
Shree Crooks as Young Maureen Walls
Max Greenfield as David
Dominic Bogart as Robbie
Joe Pingue as Uncle Stanley
Robin Bartlett as Erma

Production
In April 2012, Lionsgate was reported to have acquired the rights to the book and Jennifer Lawrence was in talks to star in the film  In October 2013, it was noted that director Destin Daniel Cretton was in talks to direct the film and re-write the screenplay with Andrew Lanham from a previous draft by Marti Noxon  In October 2015, Brie Larson joined the cast of the film, replacing Lawrence; she had exited the film after a prolonged search for a male lead  In November 2015, Woody Harrelson joined the cast of the film as the father  In March 2016, Naomi Watts joined the cast as the mother  In April 2016, Max Greenfield and Sarah Snook joined the cast  In May 2016, Ella Anderson joined the cast Principal photography began on May 20, 2016, in Welch, West Virginia 

Release
The Glass Castle was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate 

Box office
The Glass Castle grossed $22 million in the United States and Canada In North America, The Glass Castle was released alongside The Nut Job 2: Nutty by Nature and Annabelle: Creation, and was projected to gross around $5 million from 1,461 theaters in its opening weekend  The film made $1 7 million on its first day and $4 7 million over the weekend, finishing 9th at the box office  The film made $2 6 million in its second weekend (a drop of 45 5%), finishing 12th 

Critical response
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 164 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "The Glass Castle has an affecting real-life story and an outstanding performance by Brie Larson, but these aren't enough to outweigh a fundamentally misguided approach to the material " On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score 56 out of 100, based on reviews from 39 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers said the film "peddles easy uplift instead of cold, hard truths" and gave it two stars out of four, saying, "Hollywood has a knack for sanitizing books that deserve better  In the case of The Glass Castle, it's a damn shame " Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film two out of four stars and was equally critical for its presentation, writing: "   a film that presents overwhelming evidence of Rex and Rose Mary as appalling human beings for 90 percent of the journey, and then asks us to give them a break? No sale "
Passage 6:
Brigette Lundy-Paine
Brigette Lundy-Paine (born August 10, 1994) is an American actor  They first came to prominence for portraying Casey Gardner on all four seasons of the Netflix comedy-drama Atypical (2017–2021)  In 2020, Lundy-Paine achieved further recognition for playing Billie Logan, the daughter of Ted Logan, in the science fiction comedy film Bill & Ted Face the Music 

Personal life
Born August 10, 1994, in Dallas, Texas, Brigette Lundy-Paine is the child of Laura Lundy and Robert Paine, who are both actors and directors, and has a younger brother  When Lundy-Paine was two years old, their family moved to Alameda, California  In 2012, they graduated from Encinal High School, where they were a cheerleader  They graduated from New York University in 2015 On November 8, 2019, Lundy-Paine came out as non-binary, going by they/them pronouns, and had previously said they are queer  They have also been involved as an activist, including participating in the Black Lives Matter movement 

Career
Lundy-Paine is known for their portrayal of Casey Gardner on the television series Atypical   Lundy-Paine also co-founded the "vocal band" Subtle Pride, as well as Waif Magazine, an art publication 

Filmography
Passage 7:
Raymond Leboursier
Raymond Leboursier (22 May 1917 – 26 July 1987) was a French film editor, film director, actor, and screenwriter 

Filmography
Actor
1930: Le Réquisitoire (first title of the film: Homicide) by Dimitri Buchowetzki
1931: The Devil's Holiday by Alberto Cavalcanti: Monk McConnell
1931: À mi-chemin du ciel by Alberto Cavalcanti
1932: Une jeune fille et un million by Fred Ellis and Max Neufeld
1934: Un de la montagne by Serge de Poligny
1934: Château de rêve by Géza von Bolváry and Henri-Georges Clouzot

Director
1942: Les Petits Riens
1945: Naïs, directed with Marcel Pagnol
1949: Menace de mort (film)
1949: Le Furet
1951: La vie est un jeu
1952: La femme à l'orchidée
1959: Henri Gagnon organiste
1960: Le Prix de la science (short film)
1961: Dubois et fils (documentary), codirected with Bernard Devlin
1969: Les Gros Malins

Assistant director
1948: Les Parents terribles by Jean Cocteau

Film editor
1936: Les Petites Alliées de Jean Dréville
1937: Les Nuits blanches de Saint-Pétersbourg de Jean Dréville
1937: Les Hommes de proie de Willy Rozier
1938: His Uncle from Normandy de Jean Dréville
1938: The Chess Player de Jean Dréville
1938: Rasputin de Marcel L'Herbier
1939: Entente cordiale by Marcel L'Herbier
1940: Marseille mes amours by Jacques Daniel-Norman
1940: President Haudecoeur by Jean Dréville
1941: L'An 40 by Fernand Rivers
1941: Un chapeau de paille d'Italie (1941 film) by Maurice Cammage
1942: Le journal tombe à cinq heures by Georges Lacombe
1942: Monsieur La Souris by Georges Lacombe
1943: Domino by Roger Richebé
1948: The Eagle with Two Heads by Jean Cocteau
1949: The Cupid Club by Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon
1953: Their Last Night by Georges Lacombe
1953: La Belle de Cadix by Raymond Bernard
1955: Les Fruits de l'été by Raymond Bernard
1955: The Light Across the Street by Georges Lacombe
1956: Babes a GoGo by Paul Mesnier
1957: Les Suspects by Jean Dréville
1958: Les Mains nettes by Claude Jutra
1959: Les Brûlés by Bernard Devlin
1960: Walk down Any Street (short film) by Bernard Devlin
1967: Comment les séduire de Jean-Claude Roy
1967: The Viscount by Maurice Cloche

External links
Raymond Leboursier at IMDb
Passage 8:
The Glass Castle (1950 film)
The Glass Castle (French: Le Château de verre) is a 1950 French romantic drama film directed by René Clément who co-wrote the screenplay with Gian Bistolfi and Pierre Bost, based on the 1935 novel Das große Einmaleins by Vicki Baum  The film stars Michèle Morgan and Jean Marais, Jean Servais (French version), Fosco Giachetti (Italian version) and Elisa Cegani 
The film's sets were designed by the art director Léon Barsacq 

Main characters
Michèle Morgan as  Evelyne Lorin-Bertal
Jean Marais as  Rémy Marsay
Jean Servais as  Laurent Bertal (French version)
Fosco Giachetti as  Laurent Bertal (Italian version)
Elisa Cegani as  Eléna
Elina Labourdette as  Marion
Giovanna Galletti as  Louise Morel - l'accusée
André Carnège as  Le secrétaire
Roger Dalphin as  Marcel
Albert Michel as  Le charmeur d'oiseaux
Colette Régis as  La tenancière de l'hôtel
Allain Dhurtal as  Le procureur

See also
Rendezvous in Paris (1982 film)
Passage 9:
Destin Daniel Cretton
Destin Daniel Cretton  is an American filmmaker  He is best known for his films Short Term 12 (2013), The Glass Castle (2017), Just Mercy (2019) and the Marvel Studios film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021)  He has also been tapped to direct Marvel Studios' Avengers: The Kang Dynasty (2026) 

Early life
Cretton was born in 1978 in Haiku, Hawaii on the island of Maui  He is of half-Japanese descent  He was home-schooled by his Christian mother  His sister Joy is a costume designer who has worked on several of Destin's projects  He lived in Haiku in a two-bedroom house with his five siblings, until he was 19 years old  He moved to San Diego, California to attend Point Loma Nazarene University, where he majored in communications  After graduating, Cretton worked for two years as a staff person at a group home for at-risk teenagers He made short films as a hobby, which developed as a vocational path  He attended and graduated from film school at San Diego State University 

Career
While at San Diego State University, Cretton made a 22-minute short film, Short Term 12, based on his experiences at the facility for teenagers  The short film premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Jury Prize in Short Filmmaking  After graduating from film school, Cretton made his feature directorial debut with the 90 minute film, I Am Not a Hipster, which premiered at Sundance on January 20, 2012  The film was produced by Ron Najor, who would later go on to produce the feature adaptation of Short Term 12 alongside Maren Olson, Asher Goldstein, and Joshua Astrachan  Cretton's feature-length screenplay won one of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting in 2010 The film premiered on March 10, 2013, at South by Southwest, where it won the Grand Jury and Audience Awards for a Narrative Feature  Widely acclaimed as one of the best films of 2013, it was listed on many film critics' annual top ten lists  The film earned several accolades, including three Independent Spirit Award nominations In 2014, Cretton was attached to rewrite the script and direct The Glass Castle, an adaptation of Jeannette Walls' 2005 best-selling memoir of the same name about a successful young woman raised by severely dysfunctional parents  Starring Brie Larson, the film also features Woody Harrelson and Naomi Watts as her alcoholic father and eccentric mother, respectively  Larson's role was originally considered by Jennifer Lawrence, but she dropped out while the studio was seeking the male lead  The film was released on August 10, 2017  It received mixed reviews from critics; they praised the performances of its cast (particularly Larson and Harrelson) but criticized the emotional tones and adaptation of the source material In 2016, it was announced that Ryan Coogler had teamed up with Cretton and poet/playwright Chinaka Hodge to develop Minors, a television drama series produced by Charles D  King  Drawing from Cretton's experiences working in residential foster care, Hodge's background teaching under-served youth in San Francisco Bay area continuation schools and Coogler's upbringing in the East Bay, Minors promises to take an unflinching look at institutionalization, exploring juvenile facilities and the children who grow up in that system  The series will show how that system shapes young people over a one-year period  Hodge will write the series, and Coogler and Cretton will direct 

Cretton subsequently teamed with Larson and Michael B  Jordan for Just Mercy, a drama film based on civil rights defense attorney Bryan Stevenson's New York Times bestselling memoir: Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption  Stevenson founded the Equal Justice Initiative in Montgomery, Alabama, where he provided defense counsel to men on death row  The plot follows Stevenson (Jordan) as he explores the case of a death row prisoner, Walter McMillian, whom he fought to free  The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2019, and was theatrically released on December 25, 2019, by Warner Bros  Pictures  Just Mercy was critically acclaimed In March 2019, Cretton was hired by Marvel Studios to direct a film based on Shang-Chi  Both the film and Cretton's involvement were confirmed during the San Diego Comic-Con 2019, with the film being titled Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings  The film, which is Marvel's first superhero movie tentpole franchise with an Asian protagonist, stars Simu Liu as the title character, with Tony Leung Chiu-wai and Awkwafina co-starring  On January 5, 2020, Cretton said that he signed up to the project because he wanted "to give [his] son a superhero to look up to"  The film was set to be released on February 12, 2021, but was delayed to May 7 and later July 9 due to the COVID-19 pandemic   During the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, Shang-Chi's production in Australia was temporarily suspended while Cretton self-isolated  Production was halted on March 12, 2020, and resumed in August 2020 and concluded in October 2020  Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings was released in theaters on September 3, 2021  In December 2021, Cretton signed a deal with Marvel Studios and Hulu's Onyx Collective to develop a Shang-Chi sequel and new Disney+ MCU series through his production banner Family Owned  In June 2022, the series was revealed to be in early development and titled Wonder Man, centered on the character Simon Williams / Wonder Man, with Cretton expected to direct episodes of the series and to develop it with head writer Andrew Guest  In July, Cretton was confirmed as the director of Avengers: The Kang Dynasty for Marvel Studios 

Personal life
In 2016, Cretton married fashion designer Nicola "Nikki" Chapman  They have two children 

Filmography
Film

Television
Passage 10:
The Ferret (film)
The Ferret (French: Le furet) is a 1950 French crime film directed by Raymond Leboursier and starring Jany Holt, Colette Darfeuil and Pierre Renoir  It was based on a novel by Stanislas-André Steeman  It features the character of Inspector Wens, who had appeared in several other films including The Murderer Lives at Number 21  Location shooting took place around Paris including the city's Orly Airport  The film's sets were designed by the art director Roland Quignon 

Synopsis
A mysterious figure signing himself "The Ferret" keeps sending letters to the police, tipping them off about murders that are to be committed around Paris  Among those caught up in the police manhunt is a fraudulent clairvoyant 

Main cast
Jany Holt as Cécile
Colette Darfeuil as Louise Heller
Pierre Renoir as Le docteur Darvel-Juste
Jacques Baumer as Commissaire Hyacinthe
Jean-Jacques Delbo as Ludovic
Pierre Larquey as Monsieur Thiais
Jean Tissier as Monsieur de Thomaz
Jacqueline Delubac as Madame de Lanier
Charles Dechamps as Lecartier
Marguerite Deval as Madame Chapuis
Pierre Jourdan as L'inspecteur Wens
Context 3: Passage 1:
Lynn Reynolds
Lynn Fairfield Reynolds (May 7, 1889 – February 25, 1927) was an American director and screenwriter  Reynolds directed more than 80 films between 1915 and 1928  He also wrote for 58 films between 1914 and 1927  Reynolds was born in Harlan, Iowa and died in Los Angeles, California, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound 

Death
Returning home in 1927 after being snowbound in the Sierras for three weeks, Reynolds telephoned his wife, actress Kathleen O'Connor, to arrange a dinner party at their Hollywood home with another couple  During the dinner, Reynolds and O'Connor engaged in a heated quarrel in which each accused the other of infidelity  With his guests following in an attempt to calm him down, Reynolds left the table to retrieve a pistol from another room where he shot himself in the head 

Selected filmography
Passage 2:
Thomas Kennedy
Thomas or Tom Kennedy may refer to:

Politics
Thomas Kennedy (Scottish judge) (1673–1754), joint Solicitor General for Scotland 1709–14, Lord Advocate 1714, Member of Parliament for Ayr Burghs 1720–21
Thomas Kennedy, 9th Earl of Cassilis (bef  1733–1775), Scottish peer, Marquess of Ailsa
Thomas Kennedy (1776–1832), politician in Maryland, United States
Thomas Francis Kennedy (1788–1879), Scottish Member of Parliament for Ayr Burghs 1818–1834
Thomas Daniel Kennedy (1849?–1877), Connecticut state legislator
Thomas Kennedy (Australian politician) (1860–1929), Australian politician
Tom Kennedy (British politician) (1874–1954), Scottish Member of Parliament for Kirkcaldy Burghs
Thomas Laird Kennedy (1878–1959), politician in Ontario, Canada
Thomas Kennedy (unionist) (1887–1963), American miner, president of the UMWA 1960–1963, Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania 1935–1939
Thomas Kennedy (Irish politician) (died 1947), Irish Labour Party politician and trade union official
Thomas P  Kennedy (1951–2015), American politician, Massachusetts state senator
Thomas Blake Kennedy (1874–1957), United States federal judge

Entertainment
Thomas E  Kennedy (born 1944), American fiction writer, essayist and translator
Tom Kennedy (actor) (1885–1965), American actor
Tom Kennedy (television host) (1927–2020), American television game show host
Tom Kennedy (producer) (c  1948–2011), American film trailer producer, director and film editor
Tom Kennedy (musician) (born 1960), jazz double-bass and electric bass player
Tom Kennedy (Neighbours), a character on the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Bob Hornery

Sports
Tom Kennedy (Australian footballer) (1906–1968), Australian rules footballer
Tom Kennedy (wheelchair rugby) (born 1957), Australian Paralympic wheelchair rugby player
Tom Kennedy (English footballer) (born 1985), English footballer
Thomas J  Kennedy (1884–1937), American Olympic marathon runner
Thomas Kennedy (basketball) (born 1987), American basketball player
Tom Kennedy (quarterback) (1939–2006), American football quarterback
Tom Kennedy (wide receiver) (born 1996), American football wide receiver

Others
Tom Kennedy (journalist) (born 1952), Canadian journalist
Thomas Kennedy (unionist) (1887–1963), president of the United Mine workers
Thomas Fortescue Kennedy (1774–1846), Royal Navy officer
Thomas Kennedy (RAF officer) (1928–2013), British pilot
Thomas Kennedy (violin maker) (1784–1870), British luthier
Thomas A  Kennedy (born 1955), American CEO and chairman, Raytheon Company
Thomas Francis Kennedy (bishop) (1858–1917), bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States

See also
Thomas L  Kennedy Secondary School (established 1953), high school in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Passage 3:
Space Probe Taurus
Space Probe Taurus (a k a  Space Monster) is a 1965 low budget black-and-white  science fiction/action/drama film from American International Pictures, written and directed by Leonard Katzman, and starring Francine York, James E  Brown, Baynes Barrow, and Russ Fender 

Plot
In the late 20th century, when crewed missions to outer space have become routine, a distress call from the spaceship Faith One requests its immediate destruction  It has been contaminated by an infectious gas, leaving all crew dead except for its commander (Bob Legionaire)  The mission is aborted and the spaceship is destroyed By 2000, a new propulsion technology has been developed  Four astronauts aboard the spaceship Hope One set off to find new planets for colonization  Their mission takes them past a space platform circling Earth  General Mark Tillman (James Macklin) at Earth Control HQ tells a TV reporter (John Willis) that all is going according to the pre-flight plan 
The crew of gravity-controlled Hope One consists of the pilot/commanding officer, Colonel Hank Stevens (James Brown), and three scientists: Dr  John Andros (Baynes Barron), Dr  Paul Martin (Russ Bender), and Dr  Lisa Wayne (Francine York)  It is quickly revealed that Stevens did not want a woman on the mission, but he is stuck with Dr  Wayne anyway 
Not long into their voyage, Hope One comes upon an unknown spacecraft  Earth Control instructs them to investigate and they encounter a grotesque alien  The alien attacks Dr  Andros, forcing Stevens to shoot and kill it  Radiation levels then rise on the alien spacecraft, so Stevens sets a bomb to blow it up 
After a fiery meteorite storm leads to an emergency landing in the ocean of an Earth-like escaped moon, Tillman takes time to apologize to Wayne for his sexist remarks, which results in a quick reconciliation and a more-than-friendly kiss  While repairs continue, giant crabs take an interest in the spaceship



ground_truth: X-Paroni

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Do both films, The Glass Castle (1950 Film) and The Ferret (Film), have the directors who are from the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  The crew decides to test the atmosphere to see if it contains breathable air, which it does  Andros then volunteers to go scout the nearest land mass  A sea monster almost intercepts him, but the scientist reaches shore, while his comrades continue repairs and worry about him  Upon his return, Andros is again attacked by the sea monster and, after making it back safely to the spaceship, perishes after confirming that the planet can support human life and plants can grow  The crew confirms this to Earth, names the planet Andros One, and rockets back safely to Earth 

Cast
Francine York as Dr  Lisa Wayne
James Brown as Col  Hank Stevens
Baynes Barron as Dr  John Andros
Russ Bender as Dr  Paul Martin
John Willis as TV Reporter
Bob Legionaire as Faith I Crewman
James Macklin as Gen  Mark Tilman
Phyllis Selznick as Earth Control Secretary
John Lomma as Earth Control
Passage 4:
Mix in
Mix in  may refer to:

A mix-in is some type of confectionery added to ice cream
Mixin is a class in object-oriented programming languages
Passage 5:
Tom Mix in Arabia
Tom Mix in Arabia is a 1922 American silent adventure film directed by Lynn Reynolds and starring Tom Mix, Barbara Bedford and George Hernandez 

Cast
Tom Mix as Billy Evans
Barbara Bedford as Janice Terhune
George Hernandez as Arthur Edward Terhune
Norman Selby as Pussy Foot Bogs
Edward Peil Sr  as Ibrahim Bulamar
Ralph Yearsley as Waldemar Terhune
Hector V  Sarno as Ali Hasson
Passage 6:
Tom
Tom or TOM may refer to:

Tom (given name), a diminutive of Thomas or Tomás or an independent Aramaic given name (and a list of people with the name)

Characters
Tom Anderson, a character in Beavis and Butt-Head
Tom Beck, a character in the 1998 American science-fiction disaster movie Deep Impact
Tom Buchanan, the main antagonist from the 1925 novel The Great Gatsby
Tom Cat, a character from the Tom and Jerry cartoons
Tom Lucitor, a character from the American animated series Star vs  the Forces of Evil
Tom Natsworthy, from the science fantasy novel Mortal Engines
Tom Nook, a character in Animal Crossing video game series
Tom Servo, a robot character from the Mystery Science Theater 3000 television series
Tom Sloane, a non-adult character from the animated sitcom Daria
Talking Tom, the protagonist from the Talking Tom & Friends franchise
Tom, a character from the Deltora Quest books by Emily Rodda
Tom, a character from the 1993 action/martial arts movie Showdown
Tom, a character from the cartoon series Tom and Jerry (Van Beuren)
Tom, a character from the anime and manga series One Piece
Tom (Paralympic mascot), the official mascot of the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Tom, a fictional dinosaur from the children's cartoon Tom
Tom, the main protagonist from the British children's live-action series Tree Fu Tom
Tom, a character from the children's series Tots TV
T O M , the robot host/mascot of Adult Swim's Toonami action block

Entertainment
Tom (1973 film), a blaxploitation film
Tom (2002 film), a documentary film directed by Mike Hoolboom
Tom (instrument)
Tom (American TV series)
Tom (Spanish TV series)
Tom, a 1970 album by Tom Jones
Tom-tom drum

Geography
Tom (Amur Oblast), in Russia, a left tributary of the Zeya
Tom (river), in Russia, a right tributary of the Ob

Biology
A male cat
A male turkey

Transport
Thomson Airways ICAO code
Tottenham Hale station, London, England (National Rail station code)

Acronyms
Territoire d'outre-mer or overseas territory
Text Object Model, a Microsoft Windows programming interface
Theory of mind, the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others and to understand that others have states that are different from one's own
Translocase of the outer membrane, a protein for intracellular protein-equilibrium
Troops Out Movement, campaigned against British involvement in Northern Ireland
Tune-o-matic, a guitar bridge design
Target operating model, a description of the desired state of an organizational model in a business at a chosen date

Other uses
TOM (mascot), three Bengal tigers that have been the mascot of the University of Memphis sports teams
Tom (pattern matching language), a programming language
Tom, Oklahoma
TOM Group, a Chinese media company
TOM Online, a Chinese mobile internet company
TOM (psychedelic)
Tom (gender identity), a gender identity in Thailand

See also
Tom Tom (disambiguation)
Mount Tom (disambiguation)
Peeping Tom (disambiguation)
Thomas (disambiguation)
Tom Thumb (disambiguation)
Tomás (disambiguation)
Tomm (disambiguation)
Tommy (disambiguation)
Toms (disambiguation)
Passage 7:
Leonard Katzman
Leonard Katzman (September 2, 1927 – September 5, 1996) was an American film and television producer, writer and director  He was most notable for being the showrunner of the CBS oil soap opera Dallas 

Early life and career
Leonard Katzman was born in New York City on September 2, 1927, to a Jewish family  He began his career in the 1940s, while still in his teens, working as an assistant director for his uncle, Hollywood producer Sam Katzman  He started out on adventure movie serials such as Brenda Starr, Reporter (1945), Superman (1948), Batman and Robin (1949), The Great Adventures of Captain Kidd (1951), Riding with Buffalo Bill (1954), et al  During the 1950s he continued working as assistant director, mostly with his uncle, in feature films such as A Yank in Korea (1951), The Giant Claw (1957), Face of a Fugitive (1959) and Angel Baby (1961)  Besides his big screen work, Katzman also served on television shows, including The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok, The Mickey Rooney Show and Bat Masterson 
In 1960, Katzman made his production debut, serving not only as assistant director, but also as associate producer, on all four seasons of adventure drama Route 66 (1960-1964), which he would later regard as his favorite production  His additional early work in television production (and occasional writing and directing) includes shows crime drama Tallahassee 7000 (1961), western drama The Wild Wild West (1965-1969), the second season of crime drama Hawaii Five-O (1969-1970), legal drama Storefront Lawyers (1970-1971), the final five seasons of western drama Gunsmoke (1970-1975) as well as its spinoff series Dirty Sally (1974), legal drama Petrocelli (1974-1976) for which he was nominated an Edgar Allan Poe Award, and the two science fiction dramas The Fantastic Journey (1977) and Logan's Run (1977-1978)  In 1965, he wrote, produced and directed the science fiction film Space Probe Taurus (also known as Space Monster)  Aside from his work as assistant director, this was his only venture into feature films 

Dallas
In 1978, Katzman served as producer for the five-part miniseries Dallas, which would evolve into one of television's longest running dramas, lasting until 1991  While the series was created by David Jacobs, Katzman became the de facto show runner during the second season of the show, as Jacobs stepped down to create and later run Dallas spin-off series Knots Landing  Under Katzman's lead, Dallas, whose first episodes had consisted of self-contained stories, evolved into a serial, leading into the '80s trend of prime time soap operas While Katzman headed Dallas' writing staff from the show's second season, he remained producer, with Philip Capice serving as executive producer  The creative conflicts between Capice and Katzman eventually led to Katzman stepping down from his production duties on the show for season nine, instead being billed as "creative consultant" (during this time he also worked on the short-lived drama series Our Family Honor)  However, increased production costs and decreasing ratings caused production company Lorimar—along with series star Larry Hagman (J  R  Ewing)—to ask Katzman to return to the show in his old capacity  Katzman agreed, reportedly under the condition that he would have "total authority" on the show, and as of the tenth season premiere he was promoted to executive producer, and Capice was let go 
Katzman remained as executive producer on Dallas until the series finale in May 1991  Besides his production work, he also wrote and directed more episodes of the series than anyone else



ground_truth: yes

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who is older, Space Probe Taurus or Tom Mix In Arabia?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 

After Dallas
Following "Dallas", Katzman went on to create the short-lived crime drama Dangerous Curves (1992-1993), which aired as a part of CBS' late-night drama block Crimetime After Primetime, and serve as executive producer for the second season of the action drama Walker, Texas Ranger (1994-1995)  His last work was the 1996 "Dallas" reunion movie J R  Returns, which he also wrote and directed 

Personal life and death
Katzman fathered his first child, Gary Katzman, with Eileen Leener (1929-2019)  Katzman did not raise his first child and left his mother when he was 4 years old  The child was eventually adopted and took the surname Klein  Through Gary Klein, Katzman is the biological grandfather of Ethan Klein of the Israeli-American YouTube comedy channel h3h3Productions Leonard Katzman and his wife LaRue Farlow Katzman  had three children  His daughter, actress Sherril Lynn Rettino (1956-1995), predeceased her father by one year  She played the recurring character Jackie Dugan on Dallas from 1979-91  His sons Mitchell Wayne Katzman and Frank Katzman, as well as son-in-law John Rettino, all worked on the production of Dallas' later seasons  Both sons were also involved in the production of Dangerous Curves; Walker, Texas Ranger; and J  R  Returns 
Katzman died of a heart attack in Malibu, California on September 5, 1996, three days after his 69th birthday, and more than two months prior to the airing of his last production, Dallas: J R  Returns  He was interred in the Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles 

Filmography
Excluding work as assistant director 

Awards
1997: Lone Star Film & Television Awards - Special Award
Passage 8:
Thomas Ford
Thomas or Tom Ford may refer to:

Thomas Ford (martyr) (died 1582), English martyr
Thomas Ford (composer) (c  1580–1648), English composer, lutenist, and viol player
Thomas Ford (minister) (1598–1674), English nonconformist minister
Thomas Ford (politician) (1800–1850), governor of Illinois
Thomas Ford (rower), British rower
Thomas H  Ford (1814–1868), American politician in Ohio
Tom Ford (baseball) (1866–1917), baseball pitcher
Thomas F  Ford (1873–1958), California politician
Thomas Ford (architect) (1891–1971), British architect
Thomas Gardner Ford (1918–1995), Member of the Michigan House of Representatives
Tom Ford (born 1961), American designer
Thomas Mikal Ford (1964–2016), American actor
Tom Ford (presenter) (born 1977), British television presenter
Tom Ford (snooker player) (born 1983), English snooker player
Tom Ford (squash player) (born 1993), British squash player
"Tom Ford" (song), a 2013 song by Jay-Z

See also
Tommy Ford (disambiguation)
Passage 9:
Thomas Walker
Thomas or Tom Walker may refer to:

Entertainment
Thomas Walker (actor) (1698–1744), English actor and dramatist
Thomas Walker (author) (1784–1836), English barrister, police magistrate and writer of a one-man periodical, The Original
Thomas Bond Walker (1861–1933), Irish painter
Tom Walker (singer) (born 1991), Scottish singer-songwriter
Tom Walker (Homeland), a character in the TV series Homeland
Tom Walker, British actor and comedian known for his character Jonathan Pie, a fictional British news reporter
Tom Walker (comedian), Australian comedian, mime and Twitch streamer

Law
Thomas Joseph Walker (1877–1945), Judge for the United States Customs Court
Thomas Glynn Walker (1899–1993), United States federal judge
Thomas Walker (attorney) (born 1964), U S  attorney

Politics
Thomas Walker (died 1748) (1660s–1748), Member of Parliament for Plympton Erle, 1735–1741
Thomas Walker (merchant) (1749–1817), English political radical in Manchester
Thomas Eades Walker (1843–1899), British Member of Parliament for East Worcestershire, 1874–1880
Thomas Gordon Walker (1849–1917), British Indian civil servant
Thomas Walker (Australian politician) (1858–1932), member of two different state parliaments
Thomas Walker (Canadian politician) (died 1812), Canadian lawyer and politician
Thomas J  Walker (1927–1998), provincial MLA from Alberta, Canada
Thomas Walker (American politician) (1850–1935), Alabama state legislator

Sports
Tom Walker (cricketer) (1762–1831), English cricketer
Thomas Walker (Yorkshire cricketer) (1854–1925), English cricketer
Tom Walker (1900s pitcher) (1881–1944), baseball player
Tom Walker (1970s pitcher) (born 1948), American baseball player
Tommy Walker (footballer, born 1915) (1915–1993), Scottish footballer and manager
Tom Walker (footballer) (born 1995), English footballer

Other
Thomas Walker (academic) (died 1665), English academic at Oxford University
Thomas Walker (explorer) (1715–1794), American explorer
Thomas Walker (slave trader) (1758–1797), British slave trader
Thomas Walker (died 1805), Irish publisher of Walker's Hibernian Magazine
Thomas Walker (philanthropist) (1804–1886), Australian politician and banker
Thomas Larkins Walker (c 1811–1860), Scottish architect
Thomas Walker (journalist) (1822–1898), English editor of The Daily News
Thomas A  Walker (1828–1889), English civil engineering contractor
T  B  Walker (1840–1928), Minneapolis businessman who founded the Walker Art Center
Thomas William Walker (1916–2010), soil scientist
Thomas Walker (naval officer) (1919–2003), United States Navy officer
Thomas B  Walker Jr  (1923–2016), American investment banker, corporate director and philanthropist
Tom Walker (priest) (born 1933), Anglican priest and author
Thomas J  Walker, namesake of the Thomas J  Walker House in Knoxville, Tennessee
Thomas Walker & Son, manufacturers of nautical instruments, Birmingham, England

See also
Tommy Walker (disambiguation)
Passage 10:
Thomas Baker
Thomas or Tom Baker may refer to:

Politicians
Thomas Cheseman or Thomas Baker (c  1488–1536 or later), Member of Parliament for Rye
Thomas Baker (died 1625), Member of Parliament for Arundel
Tom Baker (Nebraska politician) (born 1948), member of Nebraska Legislature
Thomas Guillaume St  Barbe Baker (1895–1966), Fascist activist and former British Army and RAF officer
Colonel Thomas Baker (1810–1872), founder of Bakersfield, California

Sports
Thomas Baker (cricketer) (born 1981), English cricketer who played for Yorkshire County Cricket Club and Northamptonshire County Cricket Club
Tom Baker (footballer, born 1934), Wales international football player, commonly called George
Tom Baker (bowler) (born 1954), American bowler
Tom Baker (1930s pitcher) (1913–1991), Major League Baseball pitcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants
Tom Baker (1960s pitcher) (1934–1980), Major League Baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs
Tom Baker (footballer, born 1905) (1905–1975), British footballer
Thomas Southey Baker (1848–1902), English amateur rower and footballer

Military
Thomas Baker (Royal Navy officer) (1771–1845), Royal Navy admiral
Thomas Durand Baker (1837–1893), Quartermaster-General to the Forces
Thomas Baker (Medal of Honor recipient) (1916–1944), World War II Medal of Honor recipient
Thomas Baker (aviator) (1897–1918), Australian soldier and aviator of the First World War
Thomas Baker (general) (born 1935), United States Air Force general

Religion
Thomas Baker (missionary) (1832–1867), English Christian missionary cannibalised in Fiji
Sir Thomas Baker (Unitarian) (1810–1886), English Unitarian minister and Mayor of Manchester
Thomas Nelson Baker Sr  (1860–1941), African-American minister, author and philosopher
Tom Baker (priest) (1920–2000), Anglican clergyman

Actors
Tom Baker (born 1934), played The Doctor on Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981
Tom Baker (American actor) (1940–1982)

Education
Tom Baker (professor) (born 1959), law professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School
Thomas E  Baker, professor of Constitutional law and former administrative assistant to William Rehnquist
Thomas Baker (college president) (1871–1939), president of Carnegie Mellon University
Thomas Baker (entomologist), American professor at Penn State University

Others
Thomas Baker (antiquarian) (1656–1740), English antiquarian
Thomas Baker (artist) (1809–1864), English landscape painter and watercolourist
Thomas Baker (Peasants' Revolt leader) (died 1381), English landowner
Thomas Baker (musician), composer and producer of musical stage productions
Thomas Baker (mathematician) (1625?–1689), English mathematician
Thomas Baker (dramatist) (c  1680–1749), English dramatist and lawyer

Other uses
Tom Baker Cancer Centre, a hospital in Canada
Tom Baker (24 character)
DC Tom Baker, a character on The Bill
Tom Baker, protagonist in the 2003 film Cheaper by the Dozen and its sequel
"Tom Baker", a song by Human League on some versions of Travelogue



ground_truth: Tom Mix In Arabia