prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director born later, Woman In The Moon or Changeland?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Changeland
Changeland is a 2019 comedy-drama film written and directed by Seth Green 
It was released on June 7, 2019, by Gravitas Ventures 

Plot
While a troubled man goes through a personal crisis, he meets up with his estranged friend in Thailand 

Cast
Seth Green as Brandon
Breckin Meyer as Dan
Brenda Song as Pen
Macaulay Culkin as Ian
Clare Grant as Dory
Randy Orton as Martin
Rose Williams as Emma
Kedar Williams-Stirling as Marc

Production
The film was announced on June 21, 2017  It marks the feature directorial debut of Seth Green, who also stars in the film alongside Breckin Meyer, Macaulay Culkin, Brenda Song, Clare Grant, Rose Williams, Kedar Williams-Stirling and Randy Orton  Filming in Thailand began that same week  Patrick Stump, who composed the film score, has an uncredited cameo appearance as an airline passenger in the film's opening scene 

Release
In March 2019, Gravitas Ventures acquired distribution rights to the film and set it for a June 7, 2019 release 

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 50% based on 10 reviews with an average rating of 6 10/10  On Metacritic, it has a score of 42 out of 100, based on four critics 
Passage 2:
Fred Roy Krug
Fred R  Krug is an American film and television producer-director born in Bern, Switzerland 
Passage 3:
W  Augustus Barratt
W  Augustus Barratt (3 June 1873 – 12 April 1947) was a Scottish-born, later American, songwriter and musician 

Early life and songs
Walter Augustus Barratt was born 3 June 1873 in Kilmarnock, the son of composer John Barratt; the family later lived in Paisley  In 1893 he won a scholarship for composition to the Royal College of Music 
In his early twenties he contributed to The Scottish Students' Song Book, with three of his own song compositions and numerous arrangements 
By the end of 1897 he had published dozens of songs, such as Sir Patrick Spens, The Death of Cuthullin, an album of his own compositions, and arrangements of ten songs by Samuel Lover 
He then, living in London, turned his attention to staged musical comedy, co-creating, with Adrian Ross, The Tree Dumas Skiteers, a skit, based on Sydney Grundy's The Musketeers that starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree  He co-composed with Howard Talbot the successful Kitty Grey (1900) He continued to write songs and to receive recognition for them  The 1901 and 1902 BBC Promenade Concerts, "The Proms", included four of his compositions, namely Come back, sweet Love, The Mermaid, My Peggy and Private Donald 
His setting of My Ships, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, was performed by Clara Butt and republished several times  It also appeared four times, with different singers, in the 1913 and 1914 Proms 

America
In September 1904 he went to live in New York City, finding employment with shows on Broadway, including the following roles:

on-stage actor (Sir Benjamin Backbite) in Lady Teazle (1904-1905), a musical version of The School for Scandal;
musical director of The Little Michus (1907), also featuring songs by Barratt;
co-composer of Miss Pocahontas (1907), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Love Cure (1909–1910), a musical romance;
composer of The Girl and the Drummer (1910), a musical romance with book by George Broadhurst  Tried out in Chicago and elsewhere, it did not do well and never reached Broadway;
musical director of The Quaker Girl (1911–1912);
co-composer and musical director of My Best Girl (1912);
musical director of The Sunshine Girl (1913);
musical director of The Girl who Smiles (1915), a musical comedy;
musical director and contributor to music and lyrics of Her Soldier Boy (1916–1917);
composer, lyricist and musical director of Fancy Free (1918), with book by Dorothy Donnelly and Edgar Smith;
contributor of a song to The Passing Show of 1918;
composer and musical director of Little Simplicity (1918), with book and lyrics by Rida Johnson Young;
contributor of lyrics to The Melting of Molly (1918–1919), a musical comedy;
musical director of What's in a Name? (1920), a musical revue

1921 in London
Though domiciled in the US, he made several visits back to England  During an extended stay in 1921 he played a major part in the creation of two shows, both produced by Charles B  Cochran, namely

League of Notions, at the New Oxford Theatre, for which he composed the music and co-wrote, with John Murray Anderson, the lyrics;
Fun of the Fayre, at the London Pavilion, for which similarly he wrote the music and co-wrote the lyrics

Back to Broadway
Back in the US he returned to Broadway, working as
composer and lyricist of Jack and Jill (1923), a musical comedy;
musical director of The Silver Swan (1929), a musical romance

Radio plays
In later years he wrote plays and operettas mostly for radio, such as:

Snapshots: a radioperetta (1929)
Sushannah and the Brush Wielders: a play in 1 act (1929)
The Magic Voice: a radio series (1933)
Men of Action: a series of radio sketches (1933)
Say, Uncle: a radio series (1933)
Sealed Orders: a radio drama (1934)
Sergeant Gabriel (with Hugh Abercrombie) (1945)

Personal
In 1897 in London he married Lizzie May Stoner  They had one son  In 1904 he emigrated to the US and lived in New York City  His first marriage ended in divorce in 1915 and, in 1918, he married Ethel J Moore, who was American  In 1924, he became a naturalized American citizen  He died on 12 April 1947 in New York City 

Note on his first name
The book British Musical Biography by Brown & Stratton (1897) in its entry for John Barratt refers to "his son William Augustus Barratt" with details that make it clear that Walter Augustus Barratt is the same person and that a "William" Augustus Barratt is a mistake  For professional purposes up to about 1900 he appears to have written as "W  Augustus Barratt", and thereafter mostly as simply "Augustus Barratt" 
Passage 4:
Fritz Lang
Friedrich Christian Anton Lang (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈkʁɪsti̯an ˈantɔn laŋ]; December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976), better known as Fritz Lang ([fʁɪt͡s laŋ]), was an Austrian film director, screenwriter, and producer who worked in Germany and later the United States  One of the best-known émigrés from Germany's school of Expressionism, he was dubbed the "Master of Darkness" by the British Film Institute  He has been cited as one of the most influential filmmakers of all time Lang's most celebrated films include the groundbreaking futuristic Metropolis (1927) and the influential M (1931), a film noir precursor  His 1929 film Woman in the Moon showcased the use of a multi-stage rocket, and also pioneered the concept of a rocket launch pad (a rocket standing upright against a tall building before launch having been slowly rolled into place) and the rocket-launch countdown clock  His other major films include Dr  Mabuse the Gambler (1922), Die Nibelungen (1924), and after moving to Hollywood in 1934, Fury (1936), You Only Live Once  (1937), Hangmen Also Die! (1943), The Woman in the Window (1944), Scarlet Street (1945) and The Big Heat (1953)  He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1939 

Early life
Lang was born in Vienna, as the second son of Anton Lang (1860–1940), an architect and construction company manager, and his wife Pauline "Paula" Lang (née Schlesinger; 1864–1920)  His mother was born Jewish and converted to Catholicism  His father was described as a “lapsed Catholic ”  He was baptized on December 28, 1890, at the Schottenkirche in Vienna  He had an elder brother, Adolf (1884–1961) Lang's parents were of Moravian descent  At one point, he noted that he was “born [a] Catholic and very puritan"  Ultimately describing himself as an atheist, Lang believed that religion was important for teaching ethics After finishing school, Lang briefly attended the Technical University of Vienna, where he studied civil engineering and eventually switched to art  He left Vienna in 1910 in order to see the world, traveling throughout Europe and Africa, and later Asia and the Pacific area  In 1913, he studied painting in Paris 
At the outbreak of World War I, Lang returned to Vienna and volunteered for military service in the Austrian army and fought in Russia and Romania, where he was wounded four times and lost sight in his right eye, the first of many vision issues he would face in his lifetime  While recovering from his injuries and shell shock in 1916, he wrote some scenarios and ideas for films  He was discharged from the army with the rank of lieutenant in 1918 and did some acting in the Viennese theater circuit for a short time before being hired as a writer at Decla Film, Erich Pommer's Berlin-based production company  In 1919, he married Jewish Lisa Rosenthal, who died under mysterious circumstances of a single gunshot wound deemed to have been fired by a sidearm weapon from World War I 

Career
Expressionist films: the Weimar years (1918–1933)
Lang's writing stint was brief, as he soon started to work as a director at the German film studio UFA, and later Nero-Film, just as the Expressionist movement was building  In this first phase of his career, Lang alternated between films such as Der Müde Tod ("The Weary Death") and popular thrillers such as Die Spinnen ("The Spiders"), combining popular genres with Expressionist techniques to create an unprecedented synthesis of popular entertainment with art cinema 

In 1920, Lang met his future wife, the writer Thea von Harbou  She and Lang co-wrote all of his movies from 1921 through 1933, including Dr  Mabuse, der Spieler ("Dr  Mabuse the Gambler," 1922 - which ran for over four hours, in two parts in the original version, and was the first in the Dr  Mabuse trilogy), the five-hour Die Nibelungen (1924), the dystopian film Metropolis (1927), and the science fiction film Woman in the Moon (1929)  Metropolis went far over budget and nearly destroyed UFA, which was bought by right-wing businessman and politician Alfred Hugenberg  It was a financial flop, as were his last silent films Spies (1928) and Woman in the Moon, produced by Lang's own company In 1931, independent producer Seymour Nebenzahl hired Lang to direct M for Nero-Film  His first "talking" picture, considered by many film scholars to be a masterpiece of the early sound era, M is a disturbing story of a child murderer (Peter Lorre in his first starring role) who is hunted down and brought to rough justice by Berlin's criminal underworld  M remains a powerful work; it was remade in 1951 by Joseph Losey, but this version had little impact on audiences, and has become harder to see than the original film 
During the climactic final scene in M, Lang allegedly threw Peter Lorre down a flight of stairs in order to give more authenticity to Lorre's battered look  Lang, who was known for being hard to work with, epitomized the stereotype of the tyrannical Germanic film director, a type embodied also by Erich von Stroheim and Otto Preminger; Lang wore a monocle, adding to the stereotype 
In the films of his German period, Lang produced a coherent oeuvre that established the characteristics later attributed to film noir, with its recurring themes of psychological conflict, paranoia, fate and moral ambiguity 
At the end of 1932, Lang started filming The Testament of Dr  Mabuse  Adolf Hitler came to power in January 1933, and by March 30, the new regime banned it as an incitement to public disorder  Testament is sometimes deemed an anti-Nazi film, as Lang had put phrases used by the Nazis into the mouth of the title character  A screening of the film was cancelled by Joseph Goebbels, and it was later banned by the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda  In banning the film, Goebbels stated that the film "showed that an extremely dedicated group of people are perfectly capable of overthrowing any state with violence", and that the film posed a threat to public health and safety Lang was worried about the advent of the Nazi regime, partly because of his Jewish heritage, whereas his wife and co-screenwriter Thea von Harbou had started to sympathize with the Nazis in the early 1930s, and later joined the NSDAP in 1940  They soon divorced  Lang's fears would be realized following his departure from Austria, as under the Nuremberg Laws he would be identified as half-Jewish by ethnicity even though his mother was a converted Roman Catholic, and he was raised as such 

Emigration
According to Lang, propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels called Lang to his offices to inform him – apologetically – that The Testament of Dr  Mabuse was being banned but, nevertheless, he was so impressed by Lang's abilities as a filmmaker (especially Metropolis), that he offered Lang the position of head of German film studio UFA  Lang said it was during that meeting he had decided to leave for Paris – but that the banks had closed by the time the meeting was over  Lang claimed that, after selling his wife's jewelry, he fled by train to Paris that evening, leaving most of his money and personal possessions behind  However, his passport of the time showed that he traveled to and from Germany a few times during 1933 Lang left Berlin for good on July 31, 1933, four months after his meeting with Goebbels and his initial departure  He moved to Paris, having divorced Thea von Harbou, who stayed behind, earlier in 1933 In Paris, Lang filmed a version of Ferenc Molnár's Liliom, starring Charles Boyer  That was Lang's only film in French (excluding the French version of Testament)  He then moved to the United States 

Hollywood career (1936–1957)
Lang made twenty-three features in his 20-year American career, working in a variety of genres at every major studio in Hollywood, and occasionally producing his films as an independent  He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1939 Signing first with MGM Studios, Lang's crime drama Fury (1936) saw Spencer Tracy cast as a man who is wrongly accused of a crime and nearly killed when a lynch mob sets fire to the jail where he is awaiting trial  However, in Fury, he was not allowed to represent black victims in a lynching scenario or to criticize racism, which was his original intention  By the time Fury was released, Lang had been involved in the creation of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, working with Otto Katz, a Czech who was a Comintern spy  He made four films with an explicitly anti-Nazi theme, Man Hunt (1941), Hangmen Also Die! (1943), Ministry of Fear (1944) and Cloak and Dagger (1946)  Man Hunt, wrote Dave Kehr in 2009, "may be the best" of the "many interventionist films produced by the Hollywood studios before Pearl Harbor" as it is "clean and concentrated, elegant and precise, pointed without being preachy "

His American films were often compared unfavorably to his earlier works by contemporary critics, although the restrained Expressionism of these films is now seen as integral to the emergence and evolution of American genre cinema, film noir in particular  Scarlet Street (1945), one of his films featuring Edward G  Robinson and Joan Bennett, is considered a central film in the genre 
One of Lang's most praised films noir is the police drama The Big Heat (1953), known for its uncompromising brutality, especially for a scene in which Lee Marvin throws scalding coffee on Gloria Grahame's face  As Lang's visual style simplified, in part due to the constraints of the Hollywood studio system, his worldview became increasingly pessimistic, culminating in the cold, geometric style of his last American films, While the City Sleeps (1956) and Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (1956) 

Last films (1959–1963)
Finding it difficult to find congenial production conditions and backers in Hollywood, particularly as his health declined with age, Lang contemplated retirement  The German producer Artur Brauner had expressed interest in remaking The Indian Tomb (from an original story by Thea von Harbou, that Lang had developed in the 1920s which had ultimately been directed by Joe May), so Lang returned to Germany to make his "Indian Epic" (consisting of The Tiger of Eschnapur and The Indian Tomb) 
Following the production, Brauner was preparing for a remake of The Testament of Dr  Mabuse when Lang approached him with the idea of adding a new original film to the series  The result was The Thousand Eyes of Dr  Mabuse (1960), whose success led to a series of new Mabuse films, which were produced by Brauner (including the remake of The Testament of Dr  Mabuse), though Lang did not direct any of the sequels  Lang was approaching blindness during the production, and it was his final project as director 
In 1963, he appeared as himself in Jean-Luc Godard's film Contempt 

Death and legacy
On February 8, 1960, Lang received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion picture industry, located at 1600 Vine Street 

Lang died from a stroke on August 2, 1976 and was interred in the Forest Lawn Hollywood Hills Cemetery in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles While his career had ended without fanfare, Lang's American and later German works were championed by the critics of the Cahiers du cinéma, such as François Truffaut and Jacques Rivette  Truffaut wrote that Lang, especially in his American career, was greatly underappreciated by "cinema historians and critics" who "deny him any genius when he 'signs' spy movies     war movies     or simple thrillers " Filmmakers that were influenced by his work include Jacques Rivette, William Friedkin, Steven Spielberg, Christopher Nolan, Luis Buñuel, Osamu Tezuka, Alfred Hitchcock, Jean-Luc Godard and Stanley Kubrick Lang is credited with launching or developing many different genres of film  Philip French of The Observer believed that Lang helped craft the "entertainment war flick" and that his interpretation of the story of Bonnie and Clyde "helped launch the Hollywood film noir"  Geoff Andrew of the British Film Institute believed he set the "blueprint for the serial killer movie" through M In December 2021 Lang was the subject for BBC Radio 4's In Our Time 

Preservation
The Academy Film Archive has preserved a number of Lang's films, including Human Desire and Man Hunt 

Filmography
Awards
Silver Hand in 1931, for his film M, by the German Motion Picture Arts Association
Commander Cross, Order of Merit in 1957 and 1966
Golden Ribbon of Motion Picture Arts in 1963 by the Federal Republic of Germany
Order of Arts and Letters from France in 1965
Plaque from El Festival Internacional del Cine de San Sebastian in 1970
Order of the Yugoslavia Flag with a Golden Wreath in 1971
Honorary Professor of Fine Arts by the University of Vienna, Austria, in 1973
Passage 5:
Jacques Décombe
Jacques Décombe is a French author, actor and director born in 1953 

Biography
After he studied at the Conservatoire national d'art dramatique, he was the director of the shows of Les Inconnus at the request of Didier Bourdon and won the Molière Award for best comedy show  (See fr:Molière du meilleur spectacle comique) in 1991  He also directed shows by Charlotte de Turckheim, Chevallier et Laspalès, Patrick Timsit, Les Chevaliers du fiel   
Passage 6:
Woman in the Moon
Woman in the Moon (German Frau im Mond) is a German science fiction silent film that premiered 15 October 1929 at the UFA-Palast am Zoo cinema in Berlin to an audience of 2,000   It is often considered to be one of the first "serious" science fiction films  It was directed by Fritz Lang, and written by his wife Thea von Harbou, based on her 1928 novel The Rocket to the Moon  It was released in the US as By Rocket to the Moon and in the UK as Girl in the Moon  The basics of rocket travel were presented to a mass audience for the first time by this film, including the use of a multi-stage rocket  The film was shot between October 1928 and June 1929 at the UFA studios in Neubabelsberg near Berlin 

Plot
Helius (Willy Fritsch) is an entrepreneur with an interest in space travel  He seeks out his friend Professor Mannfeldt (Klaus Pohl), a visionary who wrote a treatise claiming that there was probably much gold on the Moon, only to be ridiculed by his peers  Helius recognizes the value of Mannfeldt's work  However, a gang of evil businessmen have also taken an interest in Mannfeldt's theories, and send a spy (Fritz Rasp) who identifies himself as "Walter Turner" 
Meanwhile, Helius's assistant Windegger (Gustav von Wangenheim) has announced his engagement to Helius's other assistant, Friede (Gerda Maurus)  Helius, who secretly loves Friede, avoids their engagement party 
On his way home from his meeting with Professor Mannfeldt, Helius is mugged by henchmen of the gang  They steal the research that Professor Mannfeldt had entrusted to Helius, and also burgle Helius's home, taking other valuable material  Turner then presents Helius with an ultimatum: the gang know he is planning a voyage to the Moon; either he includes them in the project, or they will sabotage it and destroy his rocket, which is named Friede ("peace")  Reluctantly, Helius agrees to their terms 
The rocket team is assembled: Helius; Professor Mannfeldt and his pet mouse Josephine; Windegger; Friede; and Turner  After Friede blasts off, the team discovers that Gustav (Gustl Gstettenbaur), a young boy who has befriended Helius, has stowed away, along with his collection of science fiction pulp magazines 
During the journey, Windegger emerges as a coward, and Helius's feelings for Friede begin to become known to her, creating a romantic triangle 
They reach the far side of the Moon and find it has a breathable atmosphere, per the theories of Peter Andreas Hansen, who is mentioned near the beginning of the film  Mannfeldt discovers gold, proving his theory  When confronted by Turner, Mannfeldt falls to his death in a crevasse  Turner attempts to hijack the rocket, and in the struggle, he is shot and killed  Gunfire damages the oxygen tanks, and they come to the grim realization that there is not enough oxygen for all to make the return trip  One person must remain on the Moon 
Helius and Windegger draw straws to see who must stay and Windegger loses  Seeing Windegger's anguish, Helius decides to drug Windegger and Friede with a last drink together and take Windegger's place, letting Windegger return to Earth with Friede  Friede senses that something is in the wine  She pretends to drink and then retires to the compartment where her cot is located, closes and locks the door  Windegger drinks the wine, becoming sedated  Helius makes Gustav his confidant and the new pilot for the ship  Helius watches it depart, then starts out for the survival camp originally prepared for Windegger  He discovers that Friede has decided to stay with him on the Moon  They embrace, and Helius weeps into her shoulder while Friede strokes his hair and whispers words of comfort to him 

Influence
Lang, who also made Metropolis, had a personal interest in science fiction  When returning to Germany in the late 1950s, he sold his extensive collection of Astounding Science Fiction, Weird Tales, and Galaxy magazines  Several prescient technical/operational features are presented during the film's 1920s launch sequence, which subsequently came into common operational use during America's postwar space race:

The rocket ship Friede is fully built in a tall building and moved to the launch area
As launch approaches, intertitles count down the seconds from six to "now" ("now" was used for zero), and Woman in the Moon is often cited as the first occurrence of the "countdown to zero" before a rocket launch
The rocket ship blasts off submerged in a pool of water; water is commonly used today on launch pads to absorb and dissipate the extreme heat and to damp the noise generated by the rocket exhaust
In space, the rocket ejects its first stage and fires its second stage rocket, predicting the development of modern multistage orbital rockets
The crew recline on horizontal beds to cope with the G-forces experienced during lift-off and pre-orbital acceleration
Floor foot straps are used to restrain the crew during zero gravity (Velcro is used today) These items and the overall design of the rocket led to the film being banned in Germany from 1933–1945 during World War II by the Nazis, due to similarities to their secret V-2 project 
Rocket scientist Hermann Oberth worked as an advisor on this movie  He had originally intended to build a working rocket for use in the film, but time and technical constraints prevented this from happening  The film was popular among the rocket scientists in Wernher von Braun's circle at the Verein für Raumschiffahrt (VfR)  The first successfully launched V-2 rocket at the rocket-development facility in Peenemünde had the Frau im Mond logo painted on its base  Noted post-war science writer Willy Ley also served as a consultant on the film  Thomas Pynchon's 1973 novel Gravity's Rainbow, which deals with the V-2 rockets, refers to the movie, along with several other classic German silent films 
Oberth also advised Hergé for Destination Moon and Explorers on the Moon (1953/4), which has plot points strongly influenced by Woman in the Moon 

Cast
Klaus Pohl as Professor Georg Manfeldt
Willy Fritsch as Wolf Helius
Gustav von Wangenheim as Ingenieur Hans Windegger (as Gustav v  Wangenheim)
Gerda Maurus as Stud  astr  Friede Velten
Gustl Gstettenbaur as Gustav (as Gustl Stark-Gstettenbaur)
Fritz Rasp as Der Mann "who calls himself Walter Turner"
Tilla Durieux as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
Hermann Vallentin as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
Max Zilzer as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
Mahmud Terja Bey  as  Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
Borwin Walth as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
Karl Platen as Der Mann am Mikrophon
Margarete Kupfer as Frau Hippolt, Haushälterin bei Helius
Alexa von Porembsky as Eine Veilchenverkäuferin (as Alexa v  Porembska)
Gerhard Dammann as Der Werkmeister der Helius-Flugwerften (as Dammann)
Heinrich Gotho as Der Mieter vom II  Stock (as Gotho)
Alfred Loretto as Zwei eindeutige Existenzen (as Loretto)
Max Maximilian as Grotjan, Chauffeur bei Helius (as Maximilian)
Edgar Pauly as Zwei eindeutige Existenzen (as Pauly)
Die Maus Josephine as Maus

See also
1929 in science fiction
Passage 7:
Sepideh Farsi
Sepideh Farsi (Persian: سپیده فارسی; born 1965) is an Iranian director 

Early years
Farsi left Iran in 1984 and went to Paris to study mathematics   However, eventually she was drawn to the visual arts and initially experimented in photography before making her first short films  A main theme of her works is identity  She still visits Tehran each year 

Awards/Recognition
Farsi was a Member of the Jury of the Locarno International Film Festival in Best First Feature in 2009  She won the FIPRESCI Prize (2002), Cinéma du Réel and Traces de Vie prize (2001) for "Homi D  Sethna, filmmaker" and Best documentary prize in Festival dei Popoli (2007) for "HARAT" 

Recent News
One of her latest films is called Tehran Bedoune Mojavez (Tehran Without Permission)   The 83-minute documentary shows life in Iran's crowded capital city of Tehran, facing international sanctions over its nuclear ambitions and experiencing civil unrest   It was shot entirely with a Nokia camera phone because of the government restrictions over shooting a film   The film shows various aspects of city life including following women at the hairdressers talking of the latest fads, young men speaking of drugs, prostitution and other societal problems, and the Iranian rapper “Hichkas”   The  dialogue is in Persian with English and Arabic subtitles  In December 2009, Tehran Without Permission was shown at the Dubai International Film Festival 

Filmography
Red Rose (2014)
Cloudy Greece (2013)
Zire Âb / The house under the water (2010)
Tehran bedoune mojavez / Tehran without permission (2009)
If it were Icarus (2008)
Harat (2007)
Negah / The Gaze (2006)
Khab-e khak / Dreams of Dust (2003)
Safar-e Maryam / The journey of Maryam (2002)
Mardan-e Atash / Men of Fire (2001)
Homi D  Sethna, filmmaker (2000)
Donya khaneye man ast / The world is my home (1999)
Khabe Âb / Water dreams (1997)
Bâd-e shomal / Northwind (1993)
Passage 8:
Claude Weisz
Claude Weisz is a French film director born in Paris 

Filmography
Feature films
Une saison dans la vie d'Emmanuel (1972) with Germaine Montéro, Lucien Raimbourg, Florence Giorgetti, Jean-François Delacour, Hélène Darche, Manuel Pinto, etc Festival de Cannes 1973 - Quinzaine des réalisateurs
Jury Prize: Festival Jeune Cinéma 1973

La Chanson du mal aimé (1981) with Rufus, Daniel Mesguich, Christine Boisson, Věra Galatíková, Mark Burns, Philippe Clévenot, Dominique Pinon, Madelon Violla, Paloma Matta, Béatrice Bruno, Catherine Belkhodja, Véronique Leblanc, Philippe Avron, Albert Delpy, etc Festival de Cannes 1982 - Perspectives du cinéma français
Competition selections: Valencia, Valladolid, Istanbul, Montréal

On l'appelait    le Roi Laid (1987) with Yilmaz Güney (mockumentary)Valencia Festival 1988 - Grand Prix for documentaries "Laurel Wreath"
Competition selections: Rotterdam, Valladolid, Strasbourg, Nyon, Cannes, Lyon, Cairo

Paula et Paulette, ma mère (2005) Documentary - Straight to DVD

Short and mid-length
La Grande Grève (1963 - Co-directed CAS collective, IDHEC)
L'Inconnue (1966 - with Paloma Matta and Gérard Blain - Prix CNC Hyères, Sidney)
Un village au Québec
Montréal
Deux aspects du Canada (1969)
La Hongrie, vers quel socialisme ? (1975 - Nominated for best documentary - Césars 1976)
Tibor Déry, portrait d'un écrivain hongrois (1977)
L'huître boudeuse
Ancienne maison Godin ou le familistère de Guise (1977)
Passementiers et Rubaniers
Le quinzième mois
C'était la dernière année de ma vie (1984 - FIPRESCI Prize- Festival Oberhausen 1985 - Nomination - Césars 1986)
Nous aimons tant le cinéma (Film of the European year of cinema - Delphes 1988)
Participation jusqu'en 1978 à la réalisation de films "militants"

Television
Series of seven dramas in German
Numerous documentary and docu-soap type films (TVS CNDP)
Initiation à la vie économique (TV series - RTS promotion)
Contemplatives    et femmes (TF1 - 1976)
Suzel Sabatier (FR3)
Un autre Or Noir (FR3)
Vivre en Géorgie
Portrait d'une génération pour l'an 2000 (France 5 - 2000)
Femmes de peine, femmes de coeur (FR3 - 2003)

Television documentaries
La porte de Sarp est ouverte (1998)
Une histoire balbynienne (2002)
Tamara, une vie de Moscou à Port-au-Prince (unfinished)
Hana et Khaman (unfinished)
En compagnie d'Albert Memmi (unfinished)
Le Lucernaire, une passion de théâtre
Les quatre saisons de la Taillade ou une ferme l'autre
Histoire du peuple kurde (in development)
Les kurdes de Bourg-Lastic (2008)
Réalisation de films institutionnels et industriels
Passage 9:
Seth Green
Seth Benjamin Green (né Gesshel-Green; born February 8, 1974) is an American actor  His film debut came with a role in the comedy-drama film The Hotel New Hampshire (1984), and he went on to have supporting roles in comedy films throughout the 1980s, including Radio Days (1987) and Big Business (1988)  
During the 1990s and 2000s, Green began starring in comedy films such as Idle Hands (1999), Rat Race (2001), Without a Paddle (2004) and Be Cool (2005)  During this time he became known for his portrayal of Scott Evil, Dr  Evil's son, in the Austin Powers film series (1997–2002)  Green has also taken serious roles in films, including The Attic Expeditions (2001) and Party Monster (2003)  He has provided the voice for Howard the Duck in a number of Marvel Cinematic Universe films and series, including Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol  2 (2017)  In 2019, he wrote, directed, and starred in the comedy-drama film Changeland 
Green's first lead role on television was on the ABC sitcom Good & Evil in 1991, for which he won a Young Artist Award  Green later gained attention for his supporting roles as Oz, a teenage guitarist and the boyfriend of Willow Rosenberg, on the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2000), and as the voice of Chris Griffin on the Fox adult animated sitcom Family Guy (1999–present)  He also voiced Leonardo in the Nickelodeon animated series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014–2017) and Joker in the Mass Effect video game series (2007–2012)  Green created, directs, writes, and produces the adult animated comedy series Robot Chicken and its spinoffs (2005–present), which have earned him three Primetime Emmy Awards and five Annie Awards 

Early life
Seth Benjamin Gesshel-Green was born in Overbrook Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Barbara (Gesshel) and Herbert Green  He has one sister, Kaela  Green later legally changed his name to Seth Benjamin Green  He was raised Jewish and had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony  His ancestors were from Russia, Poland, and Scotland  Green started acting at the age of 7  His early comic influences included Monty Python, Blackadder, Saturday Night Live, Richard Pryor, Bill Cosby, Porky's, and Caddyshack 

Career
Early work
Green's first movie roles were in the 1984 films Billions for Boris and The Hotel New Hampshire; the second film cast him alongside Jodie Foster and Rob Lowe  He appeared in the 1987 film Can't Buy Me Love, playing Patrick Dempsey's character's little brother, Chuckie Miller  He starred in Woody Allen's Radio Days (1987) as Joe (a 1930s–1940s boy based on Allen) and appeared in Big Business (1988) and, in the same year, My Stepmother Is an Alien, which also starred Buffy the Vampire Slayer co-star Alyson Hannigan 
In 1984, Green portrayed Carl "Alfalfa" Switzer in the Jell-O Gelatin Pops commercials featuring The Little Rascals  In 1991, Green rose to fame in a Rally's "Cha Ching" commercial, which earned him an appearance at a New Orleans Saints game  Green was given a key to New Orleans in honor of his role in the popular commercial Green appeared in the horror TV series It (as Richie Tozier, age 12) and Ticks, all three Austin Powers movies (as Dr  Evil's son, Scott), and Enemy of the State and The Italian Job (as a computer specialist in both)  He was also in the films Can't Hardly Wait, Rat Race, Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, Without a Paddle (alongside Matthew Lillard), Idle Hands, Party Monster, Airborne, and Old Dogs  Green also had a role in the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer 
In 1994, he starred alongside Jennifer Love Hewitt in the short-lived series The Byrds of Paradise  He worked with Hewitt again in 1998's Can't Hardly Wait  Green is not related to Bruce Seth Green, who directed some episodes of Buffy the Vampire Slayer  On occasion, some sources confuse the two and have credited Seth as the director  As an actor in the series, he was close to co-star Alyson Hannigan because they were lovers in the show  He played Daniel "Oz" Osbourne, a calm, mild-mannered member of the band Dingoes Ate My Baby who gets turned into a werewolf  He is very popular among fans of the series  Green has starred on Fox's Greg the Bunny and guest-starred on The X-Files, That '70s Show, Will & Grace, MADtv, Reno 911!, Entourage, Grey's Anatomy, The Wonder Years, Heroes, The Facts of Life, The Drew Carey Show, and My Name Is Earl 

Family Guy
Green provides the voice of Chris for the animated television sitcom  Family Guy  Green primarily voices Chris Griffin, the teenage son, who is overweight, unintelligent and, in many respects, a younger version of his father, and Neil Goldman, a neighbor of the Griffins  Green did an impression of the Buffalo Bill character from the thriller film The Silence of the Lambs during his audition  Green has stated that his main inspiration for Chris' voice came from envisioning how "Buffalo Bill" would sound if he were speaking through a PA system at a McDonald's 

Howard the Duck
Green provides the voice of Howard the Duck for the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and Vol  2 (2017) and the Disney+ animated series What If   ?, as well as the Disney XD animated series Guardians of the Galaxy (2015–19) and Ultimate Spider-Man (2016) Developing the character with James Gunn, Green did an impression of Danny DeVito, "being sort of a gruff and cynical sarcastic character [who] doesn't know what the Earth species of duck even is and doesn't think of himself that way and is offended by that generalization "

Later work
Green is a co-creator, co-producer, writer, director, and most frequent voice of the Emmy-winning stop-motion sketch parody comedy TV series Robot Chicken, for which he does many voices and has appeared in animated form  Green is friends with the band Fall Out Boy, making a cameo in their music video, "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race"  He also appeared in "Weird Al" Yankovic's "White & Nerdy" music video  He made two appearances on The Soup in 2007 and 2008, using his first appearance to lampoon Internet celebrity Chris Crocker  He voiced the character Jeff "Joker" Moreau, pilot of the Normandy-SR starship series in the video games Mass Effect, Mass Effect 2, and Mass Effect 3  He is a producer of The 1 Second Film and appears in the "making of" documentary that accompanies its feature-length credits  Green is also the co-creator (with Hugh Sterbakov) of the comic Freshmen, published by Top Cow Productions 
Green, along with Robot Chicken co-producer Breckin Meyer, appeared in the NBC show Heroes during the 2008–09 season  In January 2009, Green worked with David Faustino (Bud Bundy from Married    with Children) for an episode of Faustino's show Star-ving – Faustino is often mistaken for Green  Later in the same year, he worked with one of his idols, Robin Williams in comedy film Old Dogs, which also starred John Travolta  On July 13, World Wrestling Entertainment's official website announced Green as the special guest host for the July 13 episode of WWE Raw, and on that night, Green competed in the main event, a six-man tag team match, which his team won by disqualification  He was also in attendance for WWE's biggest event of the year, WrestleMania XXVI on March 28, 2010  Green guest-starred in the third season of the acclaimed sitcom Husbands  Green became the new voice of Leonardo in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles beginning in its third season (following Jason Biggs' departure from the role) In 2019, he wrote and released his first movie named Changeland, starring Brenda Song and Macaulay Culkin  The movie was released on June 7, 2019 In 2021, Green reprised the role of Todo 360 in Star Wars: The Bad Batch In 2022, Green voiced Thunderbolt in season three of Stargirl where the character was previously voiced by Jim Gaffigan 

Personal life
After getting engaged on New Year's Eve in 2009, Green married actress Clare Grant on May 1, 2010, in Northern California  They worked together on Robot Chicken, Warren the Ape, Changeland, Holidays, Star Wars: The Clone Wars, Hulk and the Agents of S M A S H , and her Saber and "Geek and Gamer Girls Song" viral videos In 2000, Green stated, "God is, to me, pretty much an idea  God is, to me, pretty much a myth created over time to deny the idea that we're all responsible for our own actions " In 2013, he said that he had "a deep belief in the divinity of the Universe, and I had no ability to really comprehend the scope or magnitude of all the things that I don't understand" 

Filmography
Film
Television
Web
Video games
Theme park attractions
Awards and nominations
See also
List of recurring That '70s Show characters
Passage 10:
Yolonda Ross
Yolonda Ross is an American actress, writer and director 

Life and career
Ross was born and raised in Omaha, Nebraska  She began her acting career in New York, appearing in the episodes of television series New York Undercover and Third Watch  Before landing the leading role in the independent drama film, Stranger Inside (2001)  The movie produced by HBO, first premiered on television, but Ross was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance  She later had supporting roles in a number of independent productions and guest-starred on Law & Order and Law & Order: Criminal Intent, and in 2011 had a recurring role of HBO's Treme Ross co-starred alongside LisaGay Hamilton in the critically acclaimed 2013 independent drama film, Go for Sisters  She received Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female nomination for her performance in film  She later was cast opposite Viola Davis in Lila & Eve  In 2015, Ross played Robyn Crawford, the friend, assistant, and reported girlfriend of Whitney Houston, in the Lifetime movie, Whitney directed by Angela Bassett In 2017, Ross had a recurring role opposite Viola Davis in the ABC legal thriller How to Get Away with Murder  The following year she was cast in a series regular role in the Showtime drama series, The Chi 

Filmography
Film and TV Movies
Television
Awards and nominations
Context 2: Passage 1:
Bill Dundee
William Cruickshanks (born 24 October 1943) is a retired Scottish-born Australian professional wrestler and author better known by his stage name Bill Dundee  Cruickshanks is the father of Jamie Dundee and was the father-in-law of wrestler Bobby Eaton 

Career
Dundee was born in Angus, Scotland, and raised in Melbourne  At 16, he joined the circus as a trapeze artist  He started wrestling in Australia in 1962 and finally arrived in the United States as "Superstar" Bill Dundee in 1974 with his tag team partner George Barnes 
Dundee made a name for himself in the Memphis Territory, where he regularly teamed and feuded with Jerry Lawler and Jimmy Valiant for years  Dundee and Lawler ventured to the American Wrestling Association in 1987 and captured the AWA World Tag Team Championship twice 
As a singles wrestler, he held the Southern Heavyweight Championship belt several times from 1975 to 1985  Also, he had a successful team with "Nature Boy" Buddy Landel that wreaked havoc in Tennessee 
Dundee had a brief run in the NWA's Jim Crockett Promotions, Central States Wrestling and Florida Championship Wrestling in 1986, where he teamed with Jimmy Garvin and feuded with Sam Houston for the NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship  He also briefly managed The Barbarian and The MOD Squad while in those territories 
He also had a run in World Championship Wrestling in the early 1990s as Sir William, the manager for Lord Steven Regal 
Dundee worked as a booker for Memphis, Louisiana and Georgia 
Dundee is still active as of 2019 in Memphis Wrestling, where he has been a heel and a baby face  He frequently appears on Jackson, Tennessee, talk radio station WNWS 101 5 with Dan Reeves and on a talk show on Public-access television cable TV channels in West Tennessee  He still promotes indy cards across Tennessee and in Southaven, Mississippi  He currently runs a podcast on Anchor named If You Don't Want the Answer, Don't Ask the Question 
On 20 July 2019, Dundee, at 75 years old, defeated Tony Deppen to win the unofficial WOMBAT Television Championship for Game Changer Wrestling in Tullahoma, Tennessee 

Books
If You Don't Want The Answer, Don't Ask The Question: Bill Dundee's Life Story

Personal life
Dundee's son Jamie Dundee, also became a wrestler, whereas his daughter Donna, married wrestler Bobby Eaton  His grandson, Dylan Eaton, wrestles as well 
In the early 1990s he partnered with Doug Hurt, brother of Jerry Lawler's manager, in the opening of a furniture store in Evansville, Indiana called "Superstar Dundee Furniture"  The store collapsed about a year after opening 
On 26 June 2021, his daughter Donna died at the age of 57 from breast cancer  Just over a month later, his son-in-law Bobby Eaton died on 4 August 2021 at the age of 62, just two weeks after suffering a fall at his home 

Championships and accomplishments
American Wrestling Federation
AWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Central States Wrestling
NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Memphis Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2017
Mid-South Wrestling Association
Mid-South Television Championship (1 time)
NWA Mid-America / Continental Wrestling Association / Championship Wrestling Association
AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (9 times)
AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (14 times) – with Norvell Austin (1), Robert Gibson (1), Jerry Lawler (4), Robert Fuller (1), Tommy Rich (2), Dream Machine (2), Steve Keirn (2) and Dutch Mantel (1)
AWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Jerry Lawler1
CWA International Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
CWA International Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rocky Johnson
CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
CWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
CWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tommy Rich
NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA Mid-America Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ricky Gibson
NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Memphis version) (1 time)
NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-America version) (3 times) – with Big Bad John (2) and Tommy Rich (1)
NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Ohio Valley Wrestling
OVW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Power Pro Wrestling
PPW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jerry Lawler
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No  56 of the 100 top tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Jerry Lawler in 2003
Pro Wrestling This Week
Wrestler of the Week (21–27 June 1987)
Southeastern Championship Wrestling
NWA Southeastern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tommy Rich
NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship (Southeastern version) (1 time)
Supreme Wrestling
Supreme Mid-America Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rob Royale
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
USWA Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
USWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
USWA World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Jerry Lawler (2) and Jamie Dundee (1)
WOMBAT Wrestling
WOMBAT Television Championship (1 time, current)
World Class Wrestling Association
CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship (2 times)21Dundee's and Lawler's reigns with the AWA World Tag Team Championship began on cards hosted by the CWA through the interpromotional relationship between the AWA and CWA that also allowed the defense of the AWA Southern Heavyweight and Southern Tag Team Championships primarily within the CWA 2The CWA Southwestern Heavyweight Championship was promoted in both the CWA and WCWA while the promotions had a working relationship in 1989 and 1990 
Passage 2:
Mohammad Ilyas (cricketer)
Mohammad Ilyas Mahmood  (Urdu: محمد الیاس محمود ; born 19 March 1946) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in ten Test matches between 1964 and 1969 

Cricket career
Ilyas was an opening batsman and occasional leg-spin bowler  He played first-class cricket in Pakistan from 1961 to 1972  He scored 126 in the Third Test against New Zealand in Karachi in April 1965, when Pakistan needed 202 to win in five and half hours, and reached the target with a session to spare for the loss of only two wickets  He made his highest first-class score in December 1964, when he scored 154 against South Australia He toured Australia a second time with the Pakistan team in 1972–73, but was injured early in the tour and omitted from the team before it left for the New Zealand leg of the tour  At the time he decided to stay in Australia to live, but he later returned to Pakistan  He served for a time as a national selector, but was dismissed in 2011 for allegedly violating the Pakistan Cricket Board's code of conduct 

Family
He is the father-in-law of Imran Farhat and Kamran Akmal  Nazar Mohammad was his uncle 
Passage 3:
Rosamund (wife of Alboin)
Rosamund (fl  572) was a Lombard queen  She was the daughter of Cunimund, king of the Gepids, and wife of Alboin, king of the Lombards 

Life
Rosamund was born into a kingdom in crisis, as the Gepid people had been fighting a losing battle against the Lombards since 546, firstly within the context of a Lombardic-East Roman alliance, and later against the Lombards and the Avar nomads  These wars had taken the lives of not only her grandfather king Thurisind, but also her uncle, Thurismund, both of which served to establish a long-standing hatred of the Lombards in her father, Cunimund, which he passed down to her 
This hatred was what spawned the final war of the Gepids, as Cunimund attempted to win back lost lands against the Lombards  The war, however, quickly turned, and in 567, the Gepid Kingdom would be completely subdued by a mixture of Lombard and Avar forces, her father was decapitated and she, along with many other Gepids, was taken as a prisoner of the Lombards (see Lombard–Gepid War (567))  However, in an attempt to secure a male heir and following the death of his first wife Clotsuinda of Frankia, Alboin took her as his wife  Alboin was noted for his cruelty towards her; his most famous act of cruelty was reported by Paulus Diaconus, who states that at a royal banquet in Verona, Alboin forced her to drink from the skull of her dead father (which he carried around his belt), inviting her "to drink merrily with her father" 
After this, she began plotting to have her husband assassinated   Thus, Rosamund met with the king's arms bearer and her lover, Helmichis, who suggested using Peredeo, "a very strong man", to accomplish the assassination  Peredeo refused to help, and that night mistakenly had intercourse with Rosamund, who was disguised as a servant  After learning that he had committed adultery with his king's wife, Peredeo agreed to take part in an assassination attempt in fear of the king's retribution  After the great feast, Alboin went to bed inebriated, at which point Rosamund ordered the king's sword bound to his bedpost, so that should he wake in the middle of the assassination attempt, he would be defenseless  Alboin did wake, only to find himself unarmed  He fended off his attackers temporarily with a footstool, but was killed  Due in part to the work of Paulus Diaconus, there seems to be some confusion about who actually killed Alboin, with both Helmichis and Peredeo assigned as sole murderer Immediately afterwards, Helmichis planned to marry Rosamund and usurp the throne by claiming kingship  However, this plan gained little support from the various duchies of the Lombard kingdom, so Rosamund, Helmichis, and Albsuinda, Alboin's daughter by his first wife, fled together to the East Roman stronghold of Ravenna with a large proportion of Alboin's private treasures   Rosamund and Helmichis married in Ravenna, but were soon divided when Rosamund, in an attempt to curry favour, took as a lover Longinus, the exarch, who had helped them plan the murder of Alboin  At the urging of Longinus, who promised to marry her, she attempted to murder her former lover Helmichis by poisoning, handing him the drink after he had washed; however, she was instead murdered by Helmichis, who forced her to drink the poison before committing suicide by the same means 

Rosamund in later culture
Rosamund would inspire many later tragedies, based on her life, particularly in Italy, where the folk song "Donna Lumbarda" was passed down orally through the generations, inspiring later renditions of the tale 
She's a heroine of Boccaccio's De casibus virorum illustrium (book 8) 
Medieval folk tales and legends developed  The first true tragedy, Giovanni Rucellai's Rosmunda, was first performed in 1525 and would serve as the basis for many later tellings of the story in the Italian language, such as Vittorio Alfieri's 1783 work of the same name and a Sam Benelli play of 1911  The conspiracy to murder Alboin also inspired the 1961/2 film Rosmunda e Alboino, aka Sword of the Conqueror etc , by Carlo Campogalliani 
In 1665 Urban Hjärne wrote a comedy in Swedish on the same matter, Rosimunda  It is the first original play in that language known to have actually been staged, as entertainment for the young Charles XI while he studied at Uppsala university 
In the English language, the story would also be considered a tragedy, albeit more often neglected than in the Italian tradition, but it was the subject of Robert Burton Rodney's mid 19th C  poem Alboin and Rosamond, and would be treated by the pre-Raphaelite poet Algernon Charles Swinburne in his 1899 work Rosamund, Queen of the Lombards 
In Meg Cabot's young adult novel series The Princess Diaries published from 2000 on, Rosimunda is renamed 'Rosagunde'  While the story of her marriage to Alboin is the same, in Cabot's re-telling she is granted Genovia by the king of Italy as a reward for killing Alboin, making her the first princess of Genovia and an ancestor to the series' protagonist Mia Thermopolis 

See also
Cleopatra VII
Theodora

Notes
External links
 Media related to Rosamund at Wikimedia Commons
Passage 4:
Ludwig von Westphalen
Johann Ludwig von Westphalen (11 July 1770 – 3 March 1842) was a liberal Prussian civil servant and the father-in-law of Karl Marx 

Biography
Early life
Johann Ludwig von Westphalen was born on 11 July 1770 in Bornum am Elm  He was the youngest son of Philipp von Westphalen (1724–92), who himself was the son of a Blankenburg postmaster  Philipp von Westphalen had been ennobled in 1764 with the predicate Edler von Westphalen by Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick for his military services  He had served as the duke's de facto "chief of staff" during the Seven Years' War  Through his mother, Jane Wishart of Pittarrow, he was the descendant of many Scottish and European noble families He received extensive education and spoke German and English, and read Latin, Greek, Italian, French and Spanish  He studied at the Collegium Carolinum, the forerunner of today's Braunschweig University of Technology, and at Göttingen 

Career
In 1794, he entered government's service in Brunswick  In 1797 he married Elisabeth von Veltheim, who bore him four children  In 1804 he entered the government service of the Duchy of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel) 
With the establishment of the Napoleonic state in Westphalia (the Kingdom of Westphalia) in 1807, he entered its service  He was likely motivated in this by a desire to see reforms carried out  He did, however, oppose the French dominance of the local government, and other policies, and for his critique he was eventually arrested by orders from Louis-Nicolas Davout and imprisoned in the fortress of Gifhorn  In the same year, he lost his first wife  In the summer of 1809 Louis was appointed sub-prefect of Salzwedel, where three years later in 1812 he married Karoline Heubel; they had three children  After Salzwedel was again under Prussian administration, in 1816 Ludwig von Westphalen was transferred to the newly established regional government in Trier 

Personal life
It was in Trier that he met and befriended Heinrich Marx, the father of Karl Marx  The children of the respective families, in particular Jenny and Edgar von Westphalen, and Sophie and Karl Marx, became close friends as well  In 1836, Jenny von Westphalen and Karl Marx became engaged; at first secretly but Ludwig approved the marriage in 1837, even though some saw Marx, who was both middle class and younger than her, as well as of Jewish descent, as an inappropriate partner for the noble daughter  In fact, Ludwig was seen as the mentor and role model of Karl Marx, who referred to him as a "dear fatherly friend"  Ludwig filled Marx with enthusiasm for the romantic school and read him Homer and Shakespeare, who remained Marx's favorite authors all his life  Marx also read Voltaire and Racine with Ludwig  Ludwig devoted much of his time to the young Marx and the two went for intellectual walks through "the hills and woods" of the neighbourhood  It was Ludwig who first introduced Marx to the personality and socialist teachings of Saint-Simon  Marx dedicated his doctoral thesis "The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature" written in 1841 to Ludwig in a most effusive manner in which Marx wrote "You, my fatherly friend, have always been for me the living proof that idealism is no illusion, but the true reality" In 1842, Marx was present at the deathbed of Ludwig von Westphalen  Jenny and Karl became married in 1843, a year after Ludwig's death 
He was the father of Ferdinand von Westphalen, a conservative and reactionary Prussian Minister of the Interior 

Death
He died on 3 March 1842 in Trier 
Passage 5:
James Armour (Master mason)
James Armour (15 January 1731 – 20 September 1798) was a master mason and father of Jean Armour, and therefore the father-in-law of the poet Robert Burns  His birth year was shown here as 1730  The Scotland's People database has no record of this year of birth for a James Armour  Wikitree and several other data sources have his birth date as 10th/24th January 1731  The Scotland's People database has this record but showing his baptism on 24 January 1731  His birth on the original Old Parish Record is shown as 15 January 1731 to John Armour and Margrat(sic) Picken in Kilmarnock  James named his first son John which would normally be after James's father i e  John  The chances of there being two James's born on exactly the same date exactly one year apart appear very remote and the naming of the first child seems to validate the conclusion that James Armour was born in 1731 and not 1730 

Life and background
At Mauchline on 7 December 1761 he married Mary Smith, the daughter of stonemason Adam Smith  James died on 30 September 1798 and was buried in the family lair in Mauchline churchyard  His wife died in 1805 and was buried with her husband 

Family
James' eleven offspring with Mary, were, in birth order, John, Jean, James, Robert, Adam, Helen, Mary, Robert (2nd), Mary (2nd), Janet and Robert (3rd)  Three siblings died in childhood  Dr John Armour was the eldest son who was born in Mauchline on 14 November 1762 and died in 1834  He had his practice in Kincardine-on-Forth where he died and was buried  He had two children, Janet and John, and married Janet Coventry on 10 March 1787  James and Mary's son James was born in Mauchline on 26 April 1767, married Betthaia Walker in 1794, Martha in 1818 and Janet in 1822  Their offspring were James and Betthaia  Adam Armour was named after Adam Smith, James Armour's father-in-law The Armours' single-storey house stood in Cowgate, separated from John Dove's Whitefoord Arms by a narrow lane  Jean's bedroom window looked on to a window of the inn, thereby allowing Burns to converse with her from the public house itself  The Whitefoord Inn was often frequented by Burns and was also the meeting place of the so-called Court of Equity and linked to a significant incident in the life of Jean's brother Adam regarding the mistreatment of Agnes Wilson 

Occupation and social standing
James was a master mason and contractor rather than an architect, regardless of Burns' attempts to describe him as one  He is known to have carried out contract work at Dumfries House near Cumnock and tradition links him to the building of Howford Bridge on the River Ayr, Greenan Bridge on the River Doon; Skeldon House, Dalrymple; and several other bridges in Ayrshire  Both the Armours and his wife's family had been stone-masons for several generations  William Burnes, Robert Burns' cousin, was apprenticed to James Armour James was an adherent of the 'Auld Licht' style of religion and rented at 10/8 per year one of the most expensive pews in Mauchline church  James was rigid and austere, apparently living an exemplary life  Robert Burns-Begg, Burns' great-nephew, states that in contrast to her husband, Mary Armour was "Partaken somewhat of the gay and frivolous " William 'Willie' Patrick, a source of many anecdotes about Robert and his family, stated about James that "he was only a bit mason body, wha used to snuff a guid deal and gae afen tak a bit dram!" He went on to say regarding James' attitude to Robert Burns that "The thing was, he hated him, and would raither hae seen the Deil himsel comin to the hoose to coort his dochter than him! He cu'dna bear the sicht o'm, and that was the way he did it!" 

Association with Robert Burns
James had disapproved of Burns's courtship of Jean, being aware of his affair with Elizabeth Paton, his 'New Licht' leanings and his poor financial situation  When informed in March 1786 by his distraught wife that Jean was pregnant he fainted and upon recovering consciousness and being given a strong cordial drink he enquired who the father was, fainting again when he was told that it was Robert Burns  The couple persuaded Jean to travel to Paisley and lodge with their relative Andrew Purdie, husband of her aunt Elizabeth Smith  Robert Wilson lived in Paisley, a possible suitor who had shown a romantic interest in Jean previously, appears to have been only part of the reason for this action, for on 8 April Mary Armour had vehemently denied to James Lamie, a member of the Kirk Session, that Jean was pregnant 
Robert Burns produced a paper, probably a record of their "Marriage by Declaration" possibly witnessed by James Smith  This document, no longer extant, was defaced under James Armour's direction, probably by the lawyer Robert Aitken, with the names of both Robert and Jean being cut out  This act did not in fact effect its legality   Robert wrote that James Armour's actions had "   cut my very veins", a feeling enhanced by Jean having handed over "the unlucky paper" and had agreed to go to Paisley 
James Armour in the meantime forced his daughter to sign a complaint and a warrant "in meditatione fugae" against Robert was issued to prevent his abandoning her  Burns fled to Old Rome Forest near Gatehead in South Ayrshire, where Jean Brown, Agnes Broun's half-sister and therefore an aunt of Burns, lived with her husband, James Allan 
Twins were born to Jean and Robert on 3 September 1786, named after their parents as was the kirk's protocol for children born out of wedlock  Robert, notified of the birth by Adam Armour, that Sunday went to the Armour's house with a gift of tea, sugar and a Guinea that proved most acceptable   Robert only returned from Edinburgh in the summer of 1787 to find that he was, thanks to his newly found fame as a published poet, actively welcomed into the family 
Jean however fell pregnant out of official wedlock once more, with the result that she felt forced to leave the Armour's home due to her father's anger  She was taken in by Willie Muir and his wife at Tarbolton Mill  It had previously been agreed that baby Jean would stay with her mother and baby Robert would join Bess at Mossgiel  The second set of twins did not live long and are buried, unnamed, in the Armour lair in Mauchline churchyard  Robert was in Edinburgh and did not arrive back until 23 February 1788; he then arranged accommodation for Jean Whilst at the Brow Well Robert Burns wrote two of his last letters to his father-in-law asking that Mary Armour, who was away visiting relatives in Fife, be sent to Dumfries to help care for Jean who was heavily pregnant  On 10 July 1796 his last letter was signed "Your most affectionate son  R  Burns "Upon the death of Robert Burnes his nephew Robert arranged for his cousin William to become a mason or building worker, working with James Armour, Burns' father-in-law 

The Inveraray marble Punch Bowl
Of the many surviving Robert Burns artefacts few have such distinguished provenance as the punch bowl that was a nuptial gift in 1788 from James Armour to his daughter Jean and her new husband Robert Burns  As a stone-mason James had carved it himself (22cm x 14cm ) from dark green Inveraray marble and after residing at their various homes, Jean in 1801 presented it to her husband's great friend and Burns family benefactor Alexander Cunningham whilst she was on a visit to Edinburgh and staying with George Thomson  He had it mounted with a silver base and a rim, engraved upon which are the words “Ye whom social pleasure charms    Come to my Bowl! Come to my arms, My FRIENDS, my BROTHERS!” taken from Burns’s “The Epistle to J  Lapraik ”Alexander died in 1812 and it was then sold at auction in 1815 for the impressive price of 80 Guineas to a London publican who, falling upon hard times,  sold it to Archibald Hastie Esq of London  A copy is held by the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum at Alloway, whilst the original is in the British Museum in London, presented to that institution by Archibald Hastie in 1858 

See also
Adam Armour
Jean Armour
Robert Burnes
William Burnes
Passage 6:
Peter Burroughs
Peter Burroughs (born 27 January 1947) is a British television and film actor and the director of Willow Management  He is the father-in-law of actor and TV presenter Warwick Davis



ground_truth: Changeland

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is Helmichis's father-in-law?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Early career
Burroughs initially ran a shop in his village at Yaxley, Cambridgeshire 
His first dramatic role was that of the character "Branic" in the 1979 television series The Legend of King Arthur  He also acted in the television shows Dick Turpin, The Goodies, Doctor Who in the serial The King's Demons and One Foot in the Grave 

Film career
Burroughs played roles in Hollywood movies such as Flash Gordon, George Lucas' Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (a swinging ewok), Willow, The Dark Crystal, Labyrinth and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy  In 1995, Burroughs set up Willow Management, an agency for short actors, along with co-actor Warwick Davis  He portrayed a bank goblin in the Harry Potter series (Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2) 

Personal life
His daughter Samantha (born 1971), is married to Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi and Willow film star Warwick Davis  He has another daughter, Hayley Burroughs, who is also an actress  His granddaughter is Annabelle Davis 

Filmography
Passage 7:
Helmichis
Helmichis (fl  572) was a Lombard noble who killed his king, Alboin, in 572 and unsuccessfully attempted to usurp his throne  Alboin's queen, Rosamund, supported or at least did not oppose Helmichis' plan to remove the king, and after the assassination Helmichis married her  The assassination was assisted by Peredeo, the king's chamber-guard, who in some sources becomes the material executer of the murder  Helmichis is first mentioned by the contemporary chronicler Marius of Avenches, but the most detailed account of his endeavours derives from Paul the Deacon's  late 8th-century Historia Langobardorum 
The background to the assassination begins when Alboin killed the king of the Gepids in 567 and captured the king's daughter Rosamund  Alboin then led his people into Italy, and by 572 had settled himself in Verona, which made him vulnerable to the ambitions of other prominent Lombards, such as Helmichis, who was Alboin's foster-brother and arms-bearer   After Alboin's death, Helmichis attempted to gain the throne  He married Rosamund to legitimize his position as new king, but immediately faced stiff opposition from his fellow Lombards who suspected Helmichis of conniving with the Byzantines; this hostility eventually focused around the duke of Ticinum Cleph, supporter of an aggressive policy towards the Empire 
Rather than going to war, Helmichis, Rosamund and their followers escaped to Ravenna, the capital of Byzantine Italy, where they were received with full honours by the authorities  Once in Ravenna, Rosamund was persuaded by the Byzantine prefect Longinus to kill Helmichis in order to be free to marry him  Rosamund proceeded to poison Helmichis, but the latter, having understood what his wife had done to him, forced her to drink the cup too, so both of them died  After their deaths, Longinus dispatched Helmichis' forces to Constantinople, while the remaining Lombards had already found a new king in Cleph 

Background
The oldest author to write about Helmichis is the contemporary chronicler Marius of Avenches  In his account he mentions that "Alboin was killed by his followers, that is Hilmaegis with the rest, his wife agreeing to it"  Marius continues by adding that, after killing the king, Helmichis married his widow and tried unsuccessfully to gain the throne  His attempt failed and he was forced to escape together with his wife, the royal treasure and the troops that had sided with him in the coup  This account has strong similarities with what is told in the Origo  The Origo would in its turn become a direct source for the Historia Langobardorum The background to the assassination begins when Alboin, king of the Lombards, a Germanic people living in Pannonia (in the region of modern Hungary), went to war against the neighbouring Gepids in 567  In a decisive battle, Alboin killed the Gepid king Cunimund and captured the king's daughter Rosamund – later marrying her to guarantee the loyalty of the surviving Gepids  The following year, the Lombards migrated to Italy, a territory then held by the Byzantine Empire  In 569 Alboin took Mediolanum (Milan), the capital of northern Italy, and by 570 he had assumed control of most of northern Italy  The Byzantine forces entrenched themselves in the strategic town of Ticinum (Pavia), which they took only after a long siege  Even before taking Ticinum, the Lombards crossed the Apennines and invaded Tuscia  After the fall of Ticinum, Alboin chose Verona as his first permanent headquarters  In this town Alboin was assassinated in 572 and it is in these circumstances that Helmichis' name is first heard of  Most of the available details are in the Historia Langobardorum 

Assassination
By settling himself in Verona and temporarily interrupting his chain of conquests, Alboin had weakened his popular standing as a charismatic warrior king  The first to take advantage of this was Rosamund, who could count on the support of the Gepid warriors in the town in her search for an opportunity to avenge the death of her father  To obtain this goal she persuaded Helmichis, spatharius (arms bearer) and foster brother of the king, and also head of a personal armed retinue in Verona, to take part in a plot to eliminate Alboin and replace him on the throne  Helmichis persuaded Rosamund to involve Peredeo, described by Paul simply as "a very strong man", who was seduced through a trick by the Queen and forced to consent to become the actual assassin This story is partly in conflict with what is told by the Origo, which has Peredeo acting as an instigator and not as the murderer  In a similar vein to the Origo is the account of Peredeo contained in the Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani, where it is added that Peredeo was Alboin's "chamber-guard", hinting that in the original version of the story Peredeo's role may just have been to let in the real assassin, who is Helmichis in Agnellus' account, as it had been in that of Marius  However, the primary intent of the Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani may have been to obtain a more straightforward and coherent narrative by reducing the number of actors in the story, beginning with Peredeo  The disappearance of Peredeo, however, means that the role of Helmichis changes: while Paul presents him as "the efficient conspirator and killer", with Agnellus he is a victim of a ruthless and domineering queen According to historian Paolo Delogu it may be that Agnellus' narrative better reflects Lombard oral tradition than Paul's  In his interpretation, Paul's narrative represents a late distortion of the Germanic myths and rituals contained in the oral tradition  In a telling consistent with Germanic tradition, it would be Helmichis who was seduced by the queen, and by sleeping with him Rosamund would pass Alboin's royal charisma magically to the king's prospective murderer  A symbol of this passage of powers is found in Paul's account of the assassin's entry: Alboin's inability to draw his sword represents here his loss of power After the king's death on June 28, 572, Helmichis married Rosamund and claimed the Lombard throne in Verona  The marriage was important for Helmichis: it legitimized his rule because, judging from Lombard history, royal prerogatives could be inherited by marrying the king's widow; and the marriage was a guarantee for Helmichis of the loyalty of the Gepids in the army, who sided with the queen since she was Cunimund's daughter 

Failure
Behind the coup were almost certainly the Byzantines, who had every interest in removing a dangerous enemy and replacing him with somebody, if not from a pro-Byzantine faction, at least less actively aggressive  Gian Piero Bognetti advances a few hypotheses about Helmichis' motivation for his coup: his reason could have involved a family link to the Lethings, the Lombard royal dynasty that had been dispossessed by Alboin's father Audoin; or he may have been related through Amalafrid to the Amali, the leading dynasty of the Goths  Helmichis easily obtained the support of the Lombards in Verona, and he probably hoped to sway all the warriors and Lombard dukes to his side by having Alboin's only child, Albsuinda, under his control  He may also have hoped for Byzantine help in buying the dukes' loyalty economically Helmichis' coup ultimately failed because it met strong opposition from the many Lombards who wanted to continue the war against the Byzantines and to confront the regicides  Faced with the prospect of going to war at overwhelming odds, Helmichis asked for help from the Byzantines  The praetorian prefect Longinus enabled him to avoid a land route possibly held by hostile forces, by shipping him instead down the Po to Byzantine-held Ravenna, together with his wife, his Lombard and Gepid troops, the royal treasure and Albsuinda  Bognetti believes that Longinus may have planned to make the Lombards weaker by depriving them of any legitimate heir  In addition, because of the ongoing war, it was hard to assemble all the warriors to elect a new king formally  This plan was brought to nothing by the troops stationed in Ticinum, who elected their duke Cleph king, having it in mind to continue Alboin's aggressive policy  In contrast, Wolfram argues that Cleph was elected in Ticinum while Helmichis was still making his bid for the crown in Verona 

Death
Once in Ravenna, Helmichis and Rosamund rapidly became estranged  According to Paul, Longinus persuaded Rosamund to get rid of her husband so that he could marry her  To accomplish this, she made him drink a cup full of poison; before dying, however, Helmichis understood what his wife had done and forced her to drink the cup too, so they both died  According to Wolfram, there may be some historical truth in the account of Longinus' proposal to Rosamund, as it was possible to achieve Lombard kingship by marrying the queen, but the story of the two lovers' end is not historical but legendary  The mutual murder as told by Agnellus is given a different interpretation by Joaquin Martinez Pizarro: he sees Helmichis' last action as a symbol of how the natural hierarchy of sexes is at last restored, after the queen's actions had unnaturally modified the proper equilibrium At this point, Longinus sent the royal treasure and Albsuinda to Constantinople, the Empire's capital, together with Helmichis' forces, which were to become Byzantine mercenaries  This was a common Byzantine strategy, already applied previously to the Ostrogoths, by which large national contingents were relocated to be used in other theatres  These are believed to be the same 60,000 Lombards that are attested by John of Ephesus as being active in Syria in 575 against the Persians  As for Albsuinda, the Byzantine diplomacy probably aimed to use her as a political tool to impose a pro-Byzantine king on the Lombards  According to Agnellus, once Longinus' actions came to the attention of emperor Justin II they were greatly praised, and the emperor gave lavish gifts to his official Cleph kept his throne for only 18 months before being assassinated by a slave  An important success for the Byzantines was that no king was proclaimed to succeed him, opening a decade of interregnum and making the Lombards who remained in Italy more vulnerable to attacks from Franks and Byzantines  It was only when faced with the danger of annihilation by the Franks in 584 that the Lombard dukes elected a new king in the person of Authari, son of Cleph, who began the definitive consolidation and centralization of the Lombard kingdom 

Early Middle Ages sources
Among the surviving Early Middle Ages sources, there are six that mention Helmichis by name  Of these, the only contemporary one is the Chronica of Marius of Avenches, written in the 580s  Marius was bishop of Aventicum, a town located in the western Alps in the Frankish Kingdom of Burgundy  Because of the small distance from Aventicum to the Italian peninsula, the chronicler had easy access to information regarding northern Italy  For this reason, historian Roger Collins considers the Chronica, though short, to be reliable on Italian matters  The remaining sources all come from Italy and were written in later centuries  Two of them were written in the 7th century, the Continuatio Havniensis Prosperi and the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, both anonymous  The Continuatio is a chronicle written around 625 that has reached us in a single manuscript  As its name suggests, it is a continuation of the 5th century chronicle of Prosper of Aquitaine  Derived in considerable measure from the Chronica Majora of Isidore of Seville, it blames the Romans for their inability to defend Italy from foreign invaders, and praises the Lombards for defending the country from the Franks  This is the earliest surviving work to name Rosamund, the queen of the Lombards who plays a central role in Helmichis' attested biography  The other 7th century work, the Origo, is a brief prose history of the Lombards that is essentially an annotated king list, although it begins with a description of the founding myth of the Lombard nation  Giorgio Ausenda believes that the Origo was written around 643 as a prologue to the Edictum Rothari, and continued to be updated till 671  According to Walter Pohl, the author's motives are mostly political: the Origo serves to consolidate the Lombards' national identity by emphasising a shared history  Apart from the origin myth, the only more detailed account is the one concerning the death of Alboin, and thus Helmichis For the events surrounding 572, the most exhaustive source available is Paul the Deacon's Historia Langobardorum, a history of the Lombard nation up to 744  The book was finished in the last two decades of the 8th century, after the Lombard Kingdom had been conquered by the Franks in 774  Because of the apparent presence in the work of many fragments preserved from Lombard oral tradition, Paul's work has been often interpreted as a tribute to a vanishing culture  Among these otherwise lost traditions stands the tale of Alboin's death  According to Herwig Wolfram, what Paul deals with is an example of how nationally vital events were personalized to make them easier to preserve in the collective memory  Even later than the Historia Langobardorum, but possibly using earlier lost sources, are the last two primary sources to speak about Helmichis: the anonymous Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani and the Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis written by Andreas Agnellus  The first is a brief Christianizing version of the Origo that was made in the first decade of the 9th century from a Carolingian point of view  The second was written in the 830s by a priest from Ravenna and is a history of the bishops who held the see of Ravenna through the ages  Agnellus' passage on Alboin and Rosamund is mostly derived from Paul and little else 

Notes
Passage 8:
John Adams (merchant)
John Adams (1672 or 1673 – c  1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council  He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton 

Biography
Adams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams  Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710  Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life  There, he traded manufactured goods with the province's Acadian and Native Americans, and took up the role of a real estate agent and contractor  Adams joined the Executive Council of Nova Scotia on 28 April 1720, holding his position there for 20 years; the records show that few served as long as he did  He also held several other public positions in the province  Adams was appointed a notary public and deputy collector of customs for Annapolis Royal in 1725, and he was commissioned a justice of the peace in March 1727 Around the mid-1720s, Adams' poor eyesight began to fail, leading to his near-blindness in 1730  After this, he was less active in community activities and trade  Adams petitioned to the king for a pension several times, but failed  He blamed his disability on over-exposure to the sun during an Indian attack on Annapolis Royal in 1724  In December 1739, Lieutenant Governor Lawrence Armstrong died  With the absence of Major Mascarene to take Armstrong's place, Adams became the new president of the council and head of the civil government  (Alexander Cosby was also vying for the position ) In a meeting on 22 March 1740, with the return of Mascarene, the councilors declared that he was the council's rightful president  This turn of events led Adams to retire to Boston in late August or early September 1740, where he stayed for the rest of his life  He died some time after 1745 

Notes
Passage 9:
Ogawa Mataji
Viscount Ogawa Mataji (小川又次, 22 August 1848 – 20 October 1909) was a general in the early Imperial Japanese Army  He was also the father-in-law of Field Marshal Gen Sugiyama 

Life and military career
Ogawa was born to a samurai family; his father was a retainer to the daimyō of Kokura Domain, in what is now Kitakyushu, Fukuoka  He studied rangaku under Egawa Hidetatsu and fought as a Kokura samurai against the forces of Chōshū Domain during the Bakumatsu period 
After the Meiji Restoration, Ogawa attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in January 1871 and promoted to lieutenant in February 1874  He participated in the Taiwan Expedition of April 1874  Afterwards, he served with the IJA 1st Infantry Regiment under the Tokyo Garrison, and as a battalion commander with the IJA 13th Infantry Regiment from April 1876  From February 1877, he fought in the Satsuma Rebellion, but was wounded in combat in April and promoted to major the same month 
In March 1878, Ogawa was Deputy Chief-of-Staff to the Kumamoto Garrison  He was sent as a military attaché to Beijing from April to July 1880  In February 1881, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and chief of staff of the Osaka Garrison  In March 1882, he was chief of staff of the Hiroshima Garrison  Promoted to colonel in October 1884, he was assigned the IJA 8th Infantry Regiment  In May 1885, he joined the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office  German General Jakob Meckel, hired by the Japanese government as a foreign advisor and instructor in the Imperial Japanese Army Academy highly praised Ogawa and fellow colonel Kodama Gentarō as the two most outstanding officers in the Imperial Japanese Army  Ogawa was especially noted for his abilities as a military strategist and planner, and earned the sobriquet “the modern Kenshin") from General Kawakami Soroku 

First Sino-Japanese War
Ogawa was promoted to major general in June 1890, and given command of the IJA 4th Infantry Brigade, followed by command of the 1st Guards Brigade  At the start of the First Sino-Japanese War in August 1894, he was chief of staff of the Japanese First Army  In August 1895, he was elevated to the kazoku peerage with the title of danshaku (baron)  He commanded the 2nd Guards Brigade from January 1896 and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant general in April 1897, assuming command of the IJA 4th Infantry Division  In May 1903, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures, first class 

Russo-Japanese War
During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Ogawa retained command of the IJA 4th Division under the Japanese Second Army of General Oku Yasukata   The division was in combat at the Battle of Nanshan, Battle of Telissu and Battle of Liaoyang  At the Battle of Liaoyang, Ogawa was injured in combat, and forced to relinquish his command and return to Tokyo  In January 1905, he was promoted to general, but took a medical leave from December 1905  He was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class in 1906   In September 1907 he was elevated to viscount (shishaku) He officially retired in November 
Ogawa died on 20 October 1909 due to peritonitis after being hospitalized for dysentery  His grave is located at Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo, and he also has a grave in his hometown of Kokura 

Decorations
1885 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class  
1895 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class 
1895 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class 
1895 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class 
1903 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure 
1906 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
1906 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class
Passage 10:
Barthold A  Butenschøn Sr 
Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn (27 December 1877 – 28 November 1971) was a Norwegian businessperson 
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Nils August Andresen Butenschøn and Hanna Butenschøn, and grandson of Nicolay Andresen  Together with Mabel Anette Plahte (1877–1973, a daughter of Frithjof M  Plahte) he had the son Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn Jr  and was through him the father-in-law of Ragnhild Butenschøn and grandfather of Peter Butenschøn  Through his daughter Marie Claudine he was the father-in-law of Joakim Lehmkuhl, through his daughter Mabel Anette he was the father-in-law of Harald Astrup (a son of Sigurd Astrup) and through his daughter Nini Augusta he was the father-in-law of Ernst Torp He took commerce school and agricultural school  He was hired in the family company N  A  Andresen & Co, and became a co-owner in 1910  He eventually became chief executive officer  The bank changed its name to Andresens Bank in 1913 and merged with Bergens Kreditbank in 1920  The merger was dissolved later in the 1920s  He was also a landowner, owning Nedre Skøyen farm and a lot of land in Enebakk  He chaired the board of Nydalens Compagnie from 1926, having not been a board member before that He also chaired the supervisory council of Forsikringsselskapet Viking and Nedre Glommen salgsforening, and was a supervisory council member of Filharmonisk Selskap  He was a member of the gentlemen's club SK Fram since 1890, and was proclaimed a lifetime member in 1964 He was buried in Enebakk 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Pier-Luc Funk
Pier-Luc Funk (born May 5, 1994) is a Canadian film and television actor from Quebec  He is most noted for his role as Maxime in the 2018 film Genesis (Genèse), for which he received a Prix Iris nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the 21st Quebec Cinema Awards Funk had his first acting role in childhood, as the protagonist of the 2008 film A No-Hit No-Run Summer (Un été sans point ni coup sûr)  Following that he joined the cast of the teen drama series Tactik, in which he played Samuel Langevin from 2009 to 2013 In 2014 and 2015 he was a cast member in SNL Québec, a Quebec-based adaptation of Saturday Night Live  After the show was cancelled by Télé-Québec in 2015, he joined the cast of the new series Le nouveau show  In the same year he joined the cast of the drama series Mémoires vives as Jérémie, a sinister character who plotted and carried out a kidnapping of the main character's daughter  In 2017, he won the Prix Gémeaux for Best Actor in a Drama Series for Mémoires vives, the youngest actor to win in the history of the category In 2021 Funk hosted Sans rancune, a TVA variety series  In an episode devoted to drag queens in February, Funk participated in a lipsync battle against Rita Baga 

Filmography
2008 - A No-Hit No-Run Summer (Un été sans point ni coup sûr): Martin
2013 - Vic and Flo Saw a Bear (Vic+Flo ont vu un ours): Charlot Smith
2014 - 1987: Dallaire
2015 - The Demons (Les Démons): Ben
2015 - Aurélie Laflamme: Les pieds sur terre: Jean-Benoît Houde
2016 - Kiss Me Like a Lover (Embrasse-moi comme tu m'aimes): Donat
2017 - Sashinka: Prêteur sur gages
2018 - Genesis (Genèse): Maxime
2019 - Matthias & Maxime: Rivette
2020 - Flashwood: Luc
2021 - Entre deux draps: Antoine
2021 - The Time Thief (L'Arracheuse de temps)
Passage 2:
Ed Gill
Edward James Gill (August 7, 1895 – October 10, 1995) was an American professional baseball pitcher  He appeared in sixteen Major League Baseball games for the Washington Senators in 1919 

Biography
A native of Somerville, Massachusetts, Gill played college baseball for Holy Cross from 1916 to 1919, where he was coached by Baseball Hall of Famer Jesse Burkett  In 1916 and 1917, he played summer baseball for the Hyannis town team in what is now the Cape Cod Baseball League  At Hyannis, he pitched a no-hit, no-run game where he did not allow a ball to be hit to the outfield In Gill's lone season in the big leagues, he started two games and appeared in 16 total for the Senators, tossing 37 1 innings, and posting a 1–1 record with a 4 82 ERA  He made eight plate appearances, earning one base on balls and no hits  His major league debut came on July 5, when he hurled a 1-2-3 inning of relief in Washington's 6–4 loss in the first game of a doubleheader with the New York Yankees at the Polo Grounds  Gill's lone major league victory September 3 against the Philadelphia Athletics at Shibe Park  Gill tossed the first five innings and gave up two runs on four hits  He gave way to Jim Shaw, who went the rest of the way on the mound, and the Senators' Hall of Fame outfielder Sam Rice went 3–for–4 with a double, stolen base and two runs scored in the Senators' 4–3 win Gill died in Brockton, Massachusetts in 1995 at the age of 100 
Passage 3:
Obata Toramori
Obata Toramori (小畠虎盛, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" 
He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters  
He was the father of Obata Masamori 

See also
Isao Obata
Passage 4:
A No-Hit No-Run Summer
A No-Hit No-Run Summer (French: Un été sans point ni coup sûr) is a Canadian sports drama film, directed by Francis Leclerc and released in 2008 Written by Marc Robitaille as an adaptation of his own novel, the film is set in the late 1960s and stars Pier-Luc Funk as Martin, a young boy who loves baseball and dreams of someday playing for the new Montreal Expos  He is disappointed when he is not chosen for the local youth baseball team by coach Gilbert Turcotte (Roy Dupuis), but his hope is restored when his father Charles (Patrice Robitaille) decides to organize and coach a new baseball team for the kids who didn't make it onto Turcotte's team The film received two Prix Jutra nominations at the 11th Jutra Awards in 2009, for Best Editing (Glenn Berman) and Best Original Music (Carl Bastien, Luc Sicard) 

Cast
Patrice Robitaille as Charles
Pier-Luc Funk as Martin
Jacinthe Laguë as Mireille
Roy Dupuis as Gilbert Turcotte
Peter Batakliev as Monsieur B
Frédérique Dufort as Sophie
Phillip Jarrett as Mack Jones
Guy-Daniel Tremblay as Fern
Guy Thauvette as M  Audet
Victor Desjardins as Grand Pete

Music
In addition to Fernand Lapierre's recording of the Montreal Expos theme song "Les Expos sont là", the film's soundtrack included a number of popular French and English songs from the era  Most were rerecorded as new covers by contemporary Quebec artists, although Robert Charlebois and Louise Forestier's "Lindberg" was included in its original version, and a few songs, including the theme to the television sitcom Gilligan's Island, were sung diegetically by the film's own cast 
"Je reviens chez nous" (Jean-Pierre Ferland) - Fernand Lapierre
"Les Expos sont là" (Marc Gélinas, Marcel Lefebvre) - Fernand Lapierre
"L'amour est bleu" (André Popp, Pierre Cour) - Luc Sicard and Carl Bastien
"People Got to Be Free" (Felix Cavaliere, Eddie Brigati) - Louis Larivière
"Working for the Man" (Roy Orbison) - Luck Mervil
"Daydream" (John Sebastian) - Ariane Moffatt
"The Ballad of Gilligan's Isle" (George Wyle, Sherwood Schwartz) - Pier-Luc Funk, Victor Desjardins, Simon Pigeon, Jean Carl Boucher
"California Dreamin'" (John Phillips, Michelle Philips) - Luck Mervil, Daniel Bélanger, Ariane Moffatt, Marie-Pierre Arthur
"Sunshine Superman" (Donovan) - Daniel Bélanger
"These Eyes" (Randy Bachman, Burton Cummings) - Béatrice Bonifassi
"Lindberg" (Robert Charlebois, Claude Péloquin) - Robert Charlebois, Louise Forestier
"The House of the Rising Sun" (Alan Price) - Sandrine St-Onge, Frédérique Dufort
Passage 5:
Anthony Lerew
Anthony Allen Lerew (born October 28, 1982) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves and Kansas City Royals; he also played Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, and in the KBO League for the Kia Tigers, he also played for the Navegantes del Magallanes on the LVBP Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional where on 11/21/2010 against the Leones del Caracas (the biggest rival team) he managed to throw a no hit no run game 

Career
Atlanta Braves
Lerew, a graduate of Northern York High School in Dillsburg, Pennsylvania, was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 11th round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft   After four seasons in the Braves' minor league system, he debuted on September 4, 2005, in a home game against the Cincinnati Reds  In the 2005 season, Lerew recorded no wins, no losses, 5 strikeouts, and a 5 62 earned run average in 7 games, all of which were relief outings 
On February 23, 2006, the Braves signed Lerew to a one-year deal  A month later, on February 23, he was optioned to the Triple-A Richmond Braves  With Richmond, Lerew compiled a 3–5 record with a 7 48 ERA and 69 strikeouts in 16 games, 15 of which he started 
The Braves called up Lerew from Richmond on September 1, 2006  He made his 2006 debut the next day with a relief appearance in the fifth inning  Lerew pitched 2 innings, allowing 5 runs and striking out 1 batter  He was sent back down to the Richmond Braves on September 4, having appeared in only one game 
On May 8, 2007, Lerew made his first big-league start for Atlanta when he was called up from Richmond yet again, this time to replace Mark Redman in a game against the San Diego Padres  He was later sent down to Richmond again 
On June 20, 2007, Lerew underwent season-ending Tommy John surgery and was placed on the 60-day disabled list  He recovered from surgery in Southern Florida, at the Braves extended spring training site  Once recovered, he spent the rest of 2008 pitching for the Gulf Coast Braves and with Triple-A Richmond 
On March 5, 2009, Lerew was outrighted to Triple-A Gwinnett to make room on the roster for Tom Glavine, and was released five days later 

Kansas City Royals
On March 18, 2009, Lerew signed a minor league deal with the Kansas City Royals  Lerew spent the 2009 minor league season with the Double-A Northwest Arkansas Naturals   He was called up in September and made his Royals debut on September 24, 2009  He re-signed with them in February On June 16, 2010, Lerew was called up from the Triple-A Omaha Royals to the Royals to replace Luke Hochevar, who went on the disabled list with a sprained elbow  He earned his first career major league win on June 28 of that year over the Chicago White Sox 

Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks
Lerew signed with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball for the 2011 season 

Kia Tigers
On January 16, 2012, Lerew signed a bonus of $50,000 with Kia Tigers of the Korea Baseball Organization with Alex Graman  As a starter, he went 11–13 in his first season with them, with 94 strikeouts and an earned run average of 3 83  He was resigned with Kia Tigers for 2013 season, but was released on July 24, 2013 

York Revolution
On April 11, 2014, the York Revolution signed Lerew 

Los Angeles Angels
Lerew signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim on May 20, 2014 

York Revolution
Lerew signed with the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the 2015 season  He became a free agent after the 2015 season 
Passage 6:
Inoue Masaru (bureaucrat)
Viscount Inoue Masaru (井上 勝, August 25, 1843 – August 2, 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known as the "father of the Japanese railways" 

Biography
He was born into the Chōshū clan at Hagi, Yamaguchi, the son of Katsuyuki Inoue  He was briefly adopted into the Nomura family and became known as Nomura Yakichi, though he was later restored to the Inoue family 
Masaru Inoue was brought up as the son of a samurai belonging to the Chōshū fief  At 15, he entered the Nagasaki Naval Academy established by the Tokugawa shogunate under the direction of a Dutch naval officer  In 1863, Inoue and four friends from the Chōshū clan stowed away on a vessel to the United Kingdom  He studied civil engineering and mining at University College London and returned to Japan in 1868  After working for the government as a technical officer supervising the mining industry, he was appointed Director of the Railway Board in 1871  Inoue played a leading role in Japan's railway planning and construction, including the construction of the Nakasendo Railway, the selection of the alternative route (Tokaido), and the proposals for future mainline railway networks In 1891 Masaru Inoue founded Koiwai Farm with Yanosuke Iwasaki and Shin Onogi   After retirement from the government, Inoue founded Kisha Seizo Kaisha, the first locomotive manufacturer in Japan, becoming its first president in 1896  In 1909 he was appointed President of the Imperial Railway Association  He died of an illness in London in 1910, during an official visit on behalf of the Ministry of Railways 

Honors
Inoue and his friends later came to be known as the Chōshū Five  To commemorate their stay in London, two scholarships, known as the Inoue Masaru Scholarships, are available each session under the University College London 1863 Japan Scholarships scheme to enable University College students to study at a Japanese University  The value of the scholarships are £3000 each 
His tomb is in the triangular area of land where the Tōkaidō Main Line meets the Tōkaidō Shinkansen in Kita-Shinagawa 

Chōshū Five
These are the four other members of the "Chōshū Five":

Itō Shunsuke (later Itō Hirobumii)
Inoue Monta (later Inoue Kaoru)
Yamao Yōzō who later studied engineering at the Andersonian Institute, Glasgow, 1866-68 while working at the shipyards by day
Endō Kinsuke

See also
Japanese students in Britain
Statue of Inoue Masaru
Passage 7:
Ken Forsch
Kenneth Roth Forsch (born September 8, 1946) is an American former professional baseball player  He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher from 1970 to 1984, most prominently as a member of the Houston Astros where he helped the franchise win its first-ever National League Western Division title and postseason berth in 1980  A two-time All-Star player, Forsch pitched a no-hitter for the Astros on April 7, 1979  He ended his baseball career playing for the California Angels 

Career
Forsch was born in Sacramento, California where he graduated from Hiram Johnson High School and later attended the Oregon State University where he played for the Oregon State Beavers baseball team through the 1967–1968 seasons  He was selected by the Houston Astros in the 18th round (399th overall) of the 1968 Major League Baseball draft  He made his major league debut on September 7, 1970 at the age of 23 Forsch was selected to the All-Star Game in 1976 and 1981 On April 7, 1979, Forsch no-hit the Atlanta Braves 6–0 at the Astrodome  His brother Bob Forsch, who also pitched for the Astros, hurled two no-hitters while with the St  Louis Cardinals, making them the only set of brothers to pitch no-hitters in MLB history  The 1980 season went down to the wire, and Forsch was a part of the action  He went 12-13 during the season with a 3 20 ERA and on a then career-high 222 1 innings pitched; the rotation of him, Nolan Ryan, Joe Niekro, and J  R  Richard was slated to make a run at the National League West title, which they missed winning by one game the previous year  However, a stroke suffered by Richard late in the year saw the eventual end of his career  The Astros required a one-game playoff on October 6 after the Astros lost three straight games to the Los Angeles Dodgers in Dodger Stadium  Forsch had lost the first game on October 3 when trying to hang on to a precarious 2-1 lead  However, a single and a subsequent error set the stage for a Ron Cey base hit with two out to send the game into the 10th inning  On the first batter of the inning, Forsch allowed a home run that gave the Dodgers a 3-2 victory  The Astros prevailed in the tiebreaker game thanks to the efforts of Joe Niekro that set the Astros up in the 1980 National League Championship Series against the Philadelphia Phillies for Game 1 on the following day of October 7  Forsch was selected to start the game, which was the first playoff game in the history of the Astros



ground_truth: Cunimund

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the father of the director of film A No-Hit No-Run Summer?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Facing Steve Carlton at Veterans Stadium, Forsch went eight innings and allowed three runs on eight hits with a walk and five strikeouts, as the Phillies broke through in the 6th on a two-run home run by Greg Luzinski and an pinch hit RBI single by Greg Gross in the 7th that got the Phillies a 3-1 victory  In Game 5, the Astros were on the verge of a pennant but needed relief down the stretch  They were leading 5-2 in the 8th inning, but Nolan Ryan had been taken out after allowing three hits and a walk to make the score 5-3 with the bases loaded  Forsch was put in after Joe Sambito had got a groundout to make it 5-4 with one out and two on  He struck out Mike Schmidt, but when facing Del Unser, Forsch allowed a base hit to right field that tied the game at 5  Now facing Manny Trillo, Forsch delivered a pitch that was smacked for a triple to left to clear the bases and give the Phillies a 7-5 lead  Forsch was pinch hit for in the 9th, which saw the Astros tie the game in the eventual loss in the 10th inning  It was the last appearance of Forsch in an Astros uniform and his only experience in the postseason  He was traded to the California Angels for Dickie Thon in April of 1981, eschewing the idea of being relegated to the bullpen and demanding a trade when general manager Al Rosen had acquired Don Sutton and Bob Knepper in the offseason 
In the strike-shortened 1981 season, Forsch went 11-7 with a 2 88 ERA in 153 innings, pitching a league high four shutouts while having 55 strikeouts  He was named to the All-Star Game for the second and final time  He went 13-11 in 1982, but he did not pitch in the postseason run by the Angels that saw them lose in the ALCS in five games  He went 11-12 in 1983 before suffering a setback in 1984, where he pitched in just two games, as he suffered a dislocated shoulder on April 7 when diving to the bag on a fielding play that had him land on his right elbow  He returned as a free agent in 1986, pitching as a middleman in ten games for 17 innings that saw him have a 9 53 ERA before being released on May 25 
During his 16-year career, Forsch compiled 114 wins, 1,047 strikeouts, and a 3 37 earned run average  After his career ended, He worked in commercial real estate along with serving as a member of the Angels’ Speakers Bureau before applying to work for the Angels as their director of player development, which was accepted  He worked for four years before having a promotion to assistant general manager in 1998  He won a World Series ring when the Angels won the championship in 2002  He was dismissed in 2011 

See also
Houston Astros award winners and league leaders
List of Houston Astros no-hitters
List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
Passage 8:
Paul Brooke
Paul Brooke (born 22 November 1944) is a retired English actor of film, television and radio  He made his film debut in 1972 in the Hammer film Straight on till Morning, followed by performances in For Your Eyes Only (1981), Return of the Jedi (1983), Scandal (1989), Saving Grace (2000), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001), Alfie (2004), The Phantom of the Opera (2004), and Oliver Twist (2005)  Brooke is the father of actor Tom Brooke 

Career
Brooke began as a stage actor and has played in many London productions, including several years as a member of Frank Dunlop's original Young Vic Company  He played Malakili the Rancor Keeper in the 1983 Star Wars film Return of the Jedi (his voiced dubbed over by Ernie Fosselius)  He played British Conservative politician Ian Gow in the 2004 BBC series The Alan Clark Diaries  In 2006, he guest starred in the Doctor Who audio adventure Year of the Pig as well as the 1990 Mr  Bean sketch "The Library"  He played Mr  Fitzherbert in the 2001 film Bridget Jones's Diary 
Other appearances in television dramas and comedies featuring Brooke include The Blackadder, Bertie and Elizabeth, the BBC adaptation of Blott on the Landscape, Lovejoy, Foyle's War, Rab C  Nesbitt, Kavanagh QC, Sharpe's Revenge, Midsomer Murders, Hustle, Covington Cross, The Kit Curran Radio Show, Between the Lines, Relic Hunter and Mornin' Sarge  He appeared in the miniseries Nostromo in 1997 
He played Gríma Wormtongue in the 1981 BBC radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings 
He, Linal Haft and Frank Mills are the only actors to appear in both the Classic and New series of Minder, but playing different roles in each 

Filmography
Film
Television
External links
Paul Brooke at IMDb
Passage 9:
Francis Leclerc
Francis Leclerc (born 1971 in Quebec City) is a Canadian film and television director, screenwriter and film editor  He is the son of Félix Leclerc  Since 1995 he has worked in the Quebec film industry, directing music videos for many well-known Quebec artists  He has directed more than 20 short and medium-length films, including a television adaptation of Robert Lepage’s Les Sept branches de la rivière Ota  He directed and co-wrote his critically acclaimed debut feature, A Girl at the Window (Une jeune fille à la fenêtre), in 2001  His second feature, Looking for Alexander (Mémoires affectives), a nuanced and mature work about lost memory and childhood tragedy, secured him Genie Awards for best director and screenplay as well as the Prix Jutra for direction 
His film Barefoot at Dawn (Pieds nus dans l'aube), an adaptation of his father's semi-autobiographical novel of the same name, was released in 2017 In 2018 he was the patron and curator of the Festival Vues dans la tête de    film festival in Rivière-du-Loup 

Filmography
A Girl at the Window (Une jeune fille à la fenêtre) - 2001
Looking for Alexander (Mémoires affectives) - 2004
Marie-Antoinette, la véritable histoire - 2006
A No-Hit No-Run Summer (Un été sans point ni coup sûr) - 2008
Trotteur - 2011
Barefoot at Dawn (Pieds nus dans l'aube) - 2017
The Time Thief (L'Arracheuse de temps) - 2021
The Dishwasher (Le Plongeur) - 2022

Recognition
2005 Genie Award for Best Achievement in Direction - Looking for Alexander - Won
2005 Genie Award for Best Original Screenplay - Looking for Alexander - Nominated (shared with Marcel Beaulieu)
2005 Jutra Award for Best Direction (Meilleure Réalisation) - Looking for Alexander - Won
2005 Jutra Award for Best Screenplay (Meilleur Scénario) - Looking for Alexander - Nominated (shared with Marcel Beaulieu)
2001 Montreal World Film Festival Grand Prix des Amériques - A Girl at the Window - Nominated
Passage 10:
Jim Wilson (pitcher)
James Alger Wilson (February 20, 1922 – September 2, 1986) was an American professional baseball pitcher, scout and front-office executive  Although he was well-traveled as a player and compiled a career winning percentage of only  491 in 175 decisions, he threw the first no-hit, no-run game in Milwaukee's Major League history and was a three-time (1954–56) All-Star who represented both the National and American leagues   During his front office career he served as the third general manager in the franchise history of the Milwaukee Brewers 

Career
As a player
A native of San Diego, Wilson threw and batted right-handed, stood 6 feet 1 inch (1 85 m) tall and weighed 200 pounds (91 kg)  He attended San Diego State University 
Wilson pitched in all or part of 12 seasons (1945–46; 1948–49; 1951–58) for five Major League franchises and six different cities: the Boston Red Sox, St  Louis Browns/Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Athletics, Boston / Milwaukee Braves and Chicago White Sox   He began his pro career during World War II in 1943 in the Red Sox' farm system and in his second year, 1944, he won 19 games with the top-level Louisville Colonels of the American Association  He made the 1945 Red Sox' roster coming out of spring training and started 21 games for them during the season's first four months  In his 21st start, on August 9 at Briggs Stadium,  Wilson worked into the tenth inning of a 3–3 game  With one out, Detroit Tigers' slugger Hank Greenberg hit a line drive back through the box that struck Wilson in the head, fracturing his skull and sending him to Henry Ford Hospital  The injury sidelined Wilson for the rest of the campaign and he would pitch only one more game for the Red Sox, on April 23, 1946 
Wilson returned to Louisville for the balance of 1946 and all of 1947, then was included in a trade to the Browns that yielded slugging shortstop Vern Stephens and starting pitcher Jack Kramer  But 1948 and 1949 saw Wilson bounce among four organizations—the Browns, Cleveland Indians, Tigers and Athletics—and make ineffective appearances in six total big-league games for the Browns and A's   Finally, in 1950, he was acquired by the Triple-A Seattle Rainiers, managed by Paul Richards  Wilson won 24 games (losing 11) for a sixth-place team and led the Pacific Coast League in strikeouts  His contract was purchased by the Boston Braves at season's end, and Wilson returned to the Major Leagues for good 
Wilson's first All-Star season came in 1954 for the Milwaukee Braves; they had moved from Boston in March 1953  He no-hit the Philadelphia Phillies, 2–0 at Milwaukee County Stadium on June 12 of that season  The 32-year-old right-hander beat future Hall of Famer Robin Roberts in the one-hour and 43-minute contest  Wilson issued two bases on balls (both to Phillies' catcher Smoky Burgess) and struck out six  The no-hitter was the first in the Braves' Milwaukee history   Wilson was named an All-Star in the midst of an 8–2 season in 27 games pitched with three other complete game shutouts for the contending Braves  But he did not get into the 1954 Midsummer classic, an 11–9 loss for his National League squad at Cleveland Municipal Stadium 
On the eve of the 1955 season, Richards, by now both the general manager and field manager of the Baltimore Orioles, purchased Wilson's contract and moved him into the starting rotation  Wilson led the American League in games lost (18) that season (as a team, Baltimore lost 97 games), but he again registered four shutouts and was selected to the AL All-Star team, chosen to play in the July 12, 1955, game at his old home field, County Stadium  But again Wilson did not appear and, again, his team was defeated, with the Senior Circuit winning 6–5 in 12 innings 

Wilson began 1956 by winning four of his first six decisions in seven starts for Baltimore despite sporting a high (5 03) earned run average  On May 21, Richards traded him to the first-division White Sox, and although he pitched more effectively, he registered only a 9–12 record for Chicago  Nevertheless, Wilson was selected to the 1956 American League All-Star team, and this time he played in the game at Griffith Stadium in Washington, working one inning in the AL's 7–3 loss, allowing two hits and one earned run, although he retired Willie Mays on a called third strike to register the final out That set the stage for Wilson's most successful big-league season, with the 1957 White Sox  He won a career-high 15 games (losing eight), and led the American League in shutouts, with five  However, he did not earn a place on the 1957 AL All-Star team   In 1958, the 36-year-old Wilson concluded his 16-season playing career, working in 28 games for the White Sox, 23 in a starting role  In his final MLB game, September 14 against the Washington Senators, he worked 82⁄3 innings and surrendered five earned runs, but was credited with the victory in a 6–5 Chicago triumph  That season he also continued his skein of errorless games as a pitcher  On June 15, 1955, as an Oriole, he muffed an eighth-inning foul pop-up by the White Sox' Jim Rivera for an error  It was the last miscue he would commit in his career, which spanned 116 games through his 1958 retirement  Wilson posted a career  988  fielding percentage, committing only 4 miscues in  333 total chances 
Altogether, Wilson appeared in 257 Major League games pitched, 217 as a starter  He compiled an 86–89 won-lost mark, with 75 complete games and 19 shutouts  In 1,539 innings pitched he notched 692 strikeouts  Wilson also allowed 1,479 hits, 608 bases on balls and 686 earned runs  His career earned run average was 4 01 

As a scout and executive
Wilson remained in the game as a scout for the Orioles and Houston Astros  He and scout Jim Russo signed Jim Palmer for the Orioles in 1963  Palmer recalled in a 1996 book that though 13 teams were interested in him, the Orioles scouts set themselves apart with their polite manners  In 1971, Wilson came back to Milwaukee as the director of scouting and player development of the Brewers, a three-year-old expansion team, and following the 1972 season, he succeeded Frank Lane as Milwaukee's general manager  Although Lane was renowned as a trader, Wilson completed a blockbuster transaction of his own with the Phillies on October 31, 1972, acquiring third baseman Don Money in a seven-player deal  Money would play 11 seasons for the Brewers and make four American League All-Star teams   Then, in June 1973, during his first draft as Brewers' general manager, Wilson selected Robin Yount with the club's first pick (third overall)   After one season in minor league baseball, Wilson promoted the 18-year-old Yount to the 1974 Brewers, the beginning of a 20-season, Hall of Fame career for the shortstop and center fielder 
But Wilson's stay as general manager in Milwaukee was not a long one  After the 1974 season he returned to California to become executive director of the Major League Baseball Scouting Bureau  He stepped down in 1985 after being stricken with cancer and died in Newport Beach at age 64 on September 2, 1986 

See also
List of Major League Baseball no-hitters



ground_truth: Félix Leclerc