prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Mark Getty?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Henry Krause
Henry J  "Red" Krause, Jr  (August 28, 1913 – February 20, 1987) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Washington Redskins   He played college football at St  Louis University 
Passage 2:
Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شَيْبَة إبْن هَاشِم; c  497–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, (Arabic: عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب, lit  'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation  He was the grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 

Early life
His father was Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf,: 81  the progenitor of the distinguished Banu Hashim, a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca  They claimed descent from Ismā'īl and Ibrāhīm  His mother was Salma bint Amr, from the Banu Najjar, a clan of the Khazraj tribe in Yathrib (later called Madinah)  Hashim died while doing business in Gaza, before Abd al-Muttalib was born : 81 His real name was "Shaiba" meaning 'the ancient one' or 'white-haired' because of the streak of white through his jet-black hair, and is sometimes also called Shaybah al-Ḥamd ("The white streak of praise") : 81–82  After his father's death he was raised in Yathrib with his mother and her family until about the age of eight, when his uncle Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf went to see him and asked his mother Salmah to entrust Shaybah to his care  Salmah was unwilling to let her son go and Shaiba refused to leave his mother without her consent  Muṭṭalib then pointed out that the possibilities Yathrib had to offer were incomparable to Mecca  Salmah was impressed with his arguments, so she agreed to let him go  Upon first arriving in Mecca, the people assumed the unknown child was Muttalib's servant and started calling him 'Abd al-Muttalib ("servant of Muttalib") : 85–86

Chieftain of Hashim clan
When Muṭṭalib died, Shaiba succeeded him as the chief of the Hāshim clan  Following his uncle Al-Muṭṭalib, he took over the duties of providing the pilgrims with food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers with his people  He attained such eminence as none of his forefathers enjoyed; his people loved him and his reputation was great among them : 61 
'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb's grandfather Nufayl ibn Abdul Uzza arbitrated in a dispute between 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib and Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, Abu Sufyan's father, over the custodianship of the Kaaba  Nufayl gave his verdict in favour of 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib  Addressing Ḥarb ibn Umayyah, he said:
Why do you pick a quarrel with a person who is taller than you in stature; more imposing than you in appearance; more refined than you in intellect; whose progeny outnumbers yours and whose generosity outshines yours in lustre? Do not, however, construe this into any disparagement of your good qualities which I highly appreciate  You are as gentle as a lamb, you are renowned throughout Arabia for the stentorian tones of your voice, and you are an asset to your tribe 

Discovery of Zam Zam Well
'Abdul-Muṭṭalib said that while sleeping in the sacred enclosure, he had dreamed he was ordered to dig at the worship place of the Quraysh between the two deities Isāf and Nā'ila  There he would find the Zamzam Well, which the Jurhum tribe had filled in when they left Mecca  The Quraysh tried to stop him digging in that spot, but his son Al-Ḥārith stood guard until they gave up their protests  After three days of digging, 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib found traces of an ancient religious well and exclaimed, "Allahuakbar!" Some of the Quraysh disputed his claim to sole rights over water, then one of them suggested that they go to a female shaman who lived afar  It was said that she could summon jinns and that she could help them decide who was the owner of the well  So, 11 people from the 11 tribes went on the expedition  They had to cross the desert to meet the priestess but then they got lost  There was a lack of food and water and people started to lose hope of ever getting out  One of them suggested that they dig their own graves and if they died, the last person standing would bury the others  So all began digging their own graves and just as Abdul-Muṭṭalib started digging, water spewed out from the hole he dug and everyone became overjoyed  It was then and there decided that Abdul-Muttalib was the owner of the Zam Zam well  Thereafter he supplied pilgrims to the Kaaba with Zam Zam water, which soon eclipsed all the other wells in Mecca because it was considered sacred : 86–89 : 62–65

The Year of the Elephant
According to Muslim tradition, the Ethiopian governor of Yemen, Abrahah al-Ashram, envied the Kaaba's reverence among the Arabs and, being a Christian, he built a cathedral on Sana'a and ordered pilgrimage be made there : 21  The order was ignored and someone desecrated (some saying in the form of defecation: 696 note 35 ) the cathedral  Abrahah decided to avenge this act by demolishing the Kaaba and he advanced with an army towards Mecca : 22–23 There were thirteen elephants in Abrahah's army: 99 : 26  and the year came to be known as 'Ām al-Fīl (the Year of the Elephant), beginning a trend for reckoning the years in Arabia which was used until 'Umar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb replaced it with the Islamic Calendar in 638 CE (17 AH), with the first year of the Islamic Calendar being 622 CE 
When news of the advance of Abrahah's army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinānah, Khuzā'ah and Hudhayl united in defence of the Kaaba  A man from the Ḥimyar tribe was sent by Abrahah to advise them that he only wished to demolish the Kaaba and if they resisted, they would be crushed  "Abdul-Muṭṭalib told the Meccans to seek refuge in the nearest high hills while he, with some leading members of Quraysh, remained within the precincts of the Kaaba  Abrahah sent a dispatch inviting 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib to meet him and discuss matters  When 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib left the meeting he was heard saying, "The Owner of this House is its Defender, and I am sure He will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonour the servants of His House ": 24–26 It is recorded that when Abrahah's forces neared the Kaaba, Allah commanded small birds (abābīl) to destroy Abrahah's army, raining down pebbles on it from their beaks  Abrahah was seriously wounded and retreated towards Yemen but died on the way : 26–27  This event is referred to in the following Qur'anic chapter:

Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the owners of the Elephant?
Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray?

And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay, so He rendered them like straw eaten up 
Most Islamic sources place the event around the year that Muhammad was born, 570 CE, though other scholars place it one or two decades earlier  A tradition attributed to Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri in the musannaf of ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani places it before the birth of Muhammad's father 

Sacrificing his son Abdullah
Al-Harith was 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's only son at the time he dug the Zamzam Well : 64  When the Quraysh tried to help him in the digging, he vowed that if he were to have ten sons to protect him, he would sacrifice one of them to Allah at the Kaaba  Later, after nine more sons had been born to him, he told them he must keep the vow  The divination arrows fell upon his favourite son Abdullah  The Quraysh protested 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib's intention to sacrifice his son and demanded that he sacrifice something else instead  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib agreed to consult a "sorceress with a familiar spirit"  She told him to cast lots between Abdullah and ten camels  If Abdullah were chosen, he had to add ten more camels, and keep on doing the same until his Lord accepted the camels in Abdullah's place  When the number of camels reached 100, the lot fell on the camels  'Abdul-Muṭṭalib confirmed this by repeating the test three times  Then the camels were sacrificed, and Abdullah was spared : 66–68

Family
Wives
Abd al-Muttalib had six known wives 

Sumra bint Jundab of the Hawazin tribe 
Lubnā bint Hājar of the Khuza'a tribe 
Fatima bint Amr of the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Halah bint Wuhayb of the Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe 
Natīla bint Janab of the Namir tribe 
Mumanna'a bint Amr of the Khuza'a tribe 

Children
According to Ibn Hisham, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib had ten sons and six daughters : 707–708 note 97  However, Ibn Sa'd lists twelve sons : 99–101 By Sumra bint Jundab:

Al-Ḥārith : 708  He was the firstborn and he died before his father : 99 
Quthum : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham By Fatima bint Amr:

Al-Zubayr : 707  He was a poet and a chief; his father made a will in his favour : 99  He died before Islam, leaving two sons and daughters : 101 : 34–35 
Abu Talib, born as Abd Manaf,: 99 : 707  father of the future Caliph Ali  He later became chief of the Hashim clan 
Abdullah, the father of Muhammad : 99 : 707 
Umm Hakim al-Bayda,: 100 : 707  the maternal grandmother of the third Caliph Uthman : 32 
Barra,: 100 : 707  the mother of Abu Salama : 33 
Arwa : 100 : 707 
Atika,: 100 : 707  a wife of Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira : 31 
Umayma,: 100 : 707  the mother of Zaynab bint Jahsh and Abd Allah ibn Jahsh : 33 By Lubnā bint Hājar:

Abd al-'Uzzā, better known as Abū Lahab : 100 : 708 By Halah bint Wuhayb:

Ḥamza,: 707  the first big leader of Islam  He killed many leaders of the kufar and was considered as the strongest man of the quraysh  He was martyred at Uhud : 100 
Ṣafīyya : 100 : 707 
Al-Muqawwim : 707  He married Qilaba bint Amr ibn Ju'ana ibn Sa'd al-Sahmia, and had children named Abd Allah, Bakr, Hind, Arwa, and Umm Amr (Qutayla or Amra) 
Hajl : 707  He married Umm Murra bint Abi Qays ibn Abd Wud, and had two sons, named Abd Allah, Ubayd Allah, and three daughters named Murra, Rabi'a, and Fakhita By Natīlah bint Khubāb:

al-'Abbas,: 100 : 707  ancestor of the Abbasid caliphs 
Ḍirār,: 707  who died before Islam : 100 
Jahl, died before Islam
Imran, died before IslamBy Mumanna'a bint 'Amr:

Mus'ab, who, according to Ibn Saad, was the one known as al-Ghaydāq : 100  He is not listed by Ibn Hisham 
Al-Ghaydaq, died before Islam 
Abd al-Ka'ba, died before Islam : 100 
Al-Mughira,: 100  who had the byname al-Ghaydaq 

The family tree and some of his important descendants
Death
Abdul Muttalib's son 'Abdullāh died four months before Muḥammad's birth, after which Abdul Muttalib took care of his daughter-in-law Āminah  One day Muhammad's mother, Amina, wanted to go to Yathrib, where her husband, Abdullah, died  So, Muhammad, Amina, Abd al-Muttalib and their caretaker, Umm Ayman started their journey to Medina, which is around 500 kilometres away from Makkah  They stayed there for three weeks, then, started their journey back to Mecca  But, when they reached halfway, at Al-Abwa', Amina became very sick and died six years after her husband's death  She was buried over there  From then, Muhammad became an orphan  Abd al-Muttalib became very sad for Muhammad because he loved him so much  Abd al-Muttalib took care of Muhammad  But when Muhammad was eight years old, the very old Abd al-Muttalib became very sick and died at age 81-82 in 578-579 CE 
Shaybah ibn Hāshim's grave can be found in the Jannat al-Mu'allā cemetery in Makkah, Saudi Arabia 

See also
Family tree of Muhammad
Family tree of Shaiba ibn Hashim
Sahaba
Passage 3:
Mark Getty
Sir Mark Harris Getty  (born 9 July 1960) is an Irish businessman who is the co-founder and chairman of Getty Images 

Life and career
A member of the prominent Getty family, he is the younger son of John Paul Getty Jr  and his first wife, Gail Harris  Getty was born in Rome, Italy  He attended Taunton School in England and later studied Philosophy and Politics at St Catherine's College, Oxford Getty began his career at securities firm Kidder, Peabody & Co  in New York City and then joined Hambros Bank Ltd in London  In 1993, he drove his family's founding investment in andBeyond, the world's leading ecotourism business, and still acts as chairman of the business In 1994, he co-founded the photographic agency Getty Images with Jonathan Klein  Getty Images is the world's leading supplier of imagery for the media, corporate, and advertising sectors  In 2003, he inherited Wormsley Park from his father  In 2008, Getty became chairman of the trustees of the National Gallery in London, a post he held until 2016  In 2017, Getty became chairman of the British School at Rome 
Passage 4:
John Paul Getty Jr 
Sir Paul Getty  (; born Eugene Paul Getty; 7 September 1932 – 17 April 2003), known widely as John Paul Getty Jr , was a British philanthropist and book collector  He was the third of five sons born to J  Paul Getty (1892–1976), one of the richest men in the world at the time  His mother was J  Paul Getty's fourth wife, Ann Rork  The Getty family's wealth was the result of the oil business founded by George Franklin Getty  One of his sons, Mark Getty, co-founded the visual media company Getty Images 
At birth, he was given the name Eugene Paul Getty, but in later life, he adopted other names, including Paul Getty, John Paul Getty, Jean Paul Getty Jr  and John Paul Getty II  In 1973, his son John Paul Getty III was held captive in Italy, as J  Paul Getty refused to pay a ransom  In 1986, he was awarded an honorary knighthood for services to causes ranging from cricket, to art and to the Conservative Party  His honorary knighthood would eventually become substantive upon the required acquisition of British citizenship  A long-time Anglophile, he became a British citizen in 1997  In 1998, he changed his name by deed poll when he renounced the first name Eugene and wished to be known as Sir Paul Getty KBE 

Early life
John Paul Jr  was born on board ship in the waters near Genoa, Italy, on 7 September 1932, while his parents Ann and J  Paul Getty were travelling  His birth was registered at La Spezia with the name Eugenio Paul Getty, when the Italian notary misheard the name John  He would legally alter his name with the Italian authorities to John Paul in 1958 He was initially raised in Los Angeles, California, United States  His parents' marriage was troubled by J  Paul's long absences abroad and his emotional distance  Ann Getty divorced J  Paul Getty Sr  in 1936 in Reno, Nevada, claiming emotional cruelty and neglect  She was awarded $1,000 per month in child support for each of her sons, Paul Jr  and Gordon In 1938, Ann married her third husband, Joseph Stanton McInerney, and the family moved to San Francisco  Paul Jr  attended St  Ignatius College Preparatory and the University of San Francisco, both Jesuit schools  Throughout his adolescence, he showed a great interest in reading and music, encouraged by his mother  In 1950 he was drafted to serve in the Korean War, spending the duration working at the American headquarters in Seoul, South Korea  After he was discharged he met Abigail Harris, the daughter of a prominent San Franciscan federal judge, and the two were married in early 1956  His first child, John Paul Getty III was born in November 1956  The following year he approached his brother Gordon, vice-president of the Getty subsidiary Tidewater Petroleum, asking for a job  His brother gave him a job pumping gas at a Tidewater gas station in Marin County  After a year, his father, whom he had not seen in 12 years, was favourably impressed enough to invite his family and him to Paris, where he offered Paul Jr  a job as president of Getty Oil's Italian subsidiary, Getty Oil Italiana, in Rome 

Marriages
His first marriage was to Abigail "Gail" Harris, a former water polo champion  They divorced in 1964, having had four children including John Paul Getty III and Mark Getty 
His second marriage was to the Dutch actress, model and style icon Talitha Pol, stepdaughter of painter Augustus John's daughter Poppet, on 10 December 1966  The two posed for an iconic photograph on a roof-top in Marrakesh, Morocco in January 1969  The photo, taken by Patrick Lichfield, shows Talitha Getty crouched down leaning on a wall and her husband in the background in a hooded djellaba and sunglasses  The photo appeared in American Vogue and again in the September 1999 issue of American Vogue and is part of the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London  Two and a half years after the photo was taken, Talitha died of a heroin overdose on 11 July 1971  She was survived by her son with Getty, Tara Gabriel Gramophone Galaxy Getty (born June 1968), an ecological conservationist in Africa  In 1994, he married for the third time to Victoria Holdsworth 

Personal problems
After he married Talitha in 1966, the couple became immersed in the counterculture of the 1960s, living between Rome, Italy, and Marrakesh, Morocco  During a trip to Thailand, the couple developed serious heroin addictions  When Getty Sr , who abhorred taking drugs of any kind, heard of his son's addiction, he insisted on his becoming sober  Paul Jr  refused and tendered his resignation from Getty Oil Italiana  The couple lived off his income from the family trust, which amounted to $100,000 a year  In 1969, he and Talitha separated as she decided to focus on becoming sober  He purchased No  16 Cheyne Walk in Chelsea, London, where the Victorian artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti had lived in the 1860s, for Talitha and their son, Tara, to live in, while he remained in Rome 

Death of Talitha
After living apart for several years, Talitha, who was sober at the time, asked Paul Jr  for a divorce in early 1971  Still in love with his wife, he insisted that she come to Rome and try for a reconciliation  When her lawyer advised her that divorce proceedings would be easier if she could show that she had attempted reconciliation with Paul, she left for Rome on 9 July  On the morning of 11 July 1971, she was found dead in the Getty apartment in Piazza d'Aracoeli  The autopsy ruled that she had alcohol and barbiturates in her system, but rumours flared up that she had suffered a heroin relapse while spending time with Getty, who was still embroiled in his addiction In December 1971, Italian authorities announced that an inquest would be held into Talitha's death the following March  They requested Getty meet with investigators to describe the circumstances surrounding her death  Afraid his own drug addiction would result in his being indicted and potentially imprisoned, Getty left for England  He ignored a subsequent request by an Italian judge to return to Italy for the inquest  Neither an arrest warrant nor an extradition request was ever issued since Getty was not a suspect in Talitha's death, but he never returned to Italy for fear of being detained 

Son's kidnapping
After his second wife's death, Getty became reclusive for a time and his heroin addiction worsened, fueled by guilt over his wife's death 
In Rome on 10 July 1973, 'Ndrangheta kidnappers abducted Getty's 16-year-old son, John Paul Getty III, and demanded a $17 million (equivalent to $112 million in 2022) payment for his safe return  However, the family suspected a ploy by the rebellious teenager to extract money from his miserly grandfather  Getty Jr  asked his father J  Paul Getty for the money, but was refused, arguing that his 13 other grandchildren could also become kidnap targets if he paid In November 1973, an envelope containing a lock of hair and a human ear arrived at a daily newspaper  The second demand had been delayed three weeks by an Italian postal strike  The demand threatened that Paul would be further mutilated unless the victims paid $3 2 million  The demand stated "This is Paul's ear  If we don't get some money within 10 days, then the other ear will arrive  In other words, he will arrive in little bits "When the kidnappers finally reduced their demands to $3 million, J  Paul Getty agreed to pay no more than $2 2 million (equivalent to $14 5 million in 2022), the maximum that would be tax-deductible  He lent Getty Jr  the remaining $800,000 at four percent interest  Getty's grandson was found alive on 15 December 1973, in a Lauria filling station, in the province of Potenza, shortly after the ransom was paid   Nine people associated with 'Ndrangheta were later arrested for the kidnapping, but only two were convicted  Getty III was permanently affected by the trauma and became a drug addict  After a stroke brought on by a cocktail of drugs and alcohol in 1981, Getty III was rendered speechless, nearly blind and partially paralyzed for the rest of his life  He died on 5 February 2011, at the age of 54 Nine of the kidnappers were apprehended, including Girolamo Piromalli and Saverio Mammoliti, high-ranking members of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia organization in Calabria  Two of the kidnappers were convicted and sent to prison; the others were acquitted for lack of evidence, including the 'Ndrangheta bosses  Most of the ransom money was never recovered 

Later life
Following his father's death in 1976, Getty spent the next decade suffering from depression and checked himself into The London Clinic in 1984  While there, he received a visit from Margaret Thatcher, who at the time was Prime Minister, to thank him for large donations to the National Gallery  During a low period in the 1970s, Getty was cheered up by former England cricketer and later president of the MCC, Gubby Allen, having previously been introduced to the game by Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones Paul III struggled with PTSD from his kidnapping and with alcohol and drugs  In April 1981, he suffered a drug overdose which left him paralyzed and almost blind  The following November, his mother Gail sued her ex-husband for $25,000 per month to support their son's medical expenses  Despite earning more than $20 million a year from his family trust, Paul II refused to pay for the treatment, leaving his brother, Gordon, to pay his nephew's expenses  The litigation judge who allowed the case to go to trial scolded Paul Jr : "Mr  Getty should be ashamed of himself spending far more money on court obligations than living up to his moral duties " Claiming that he doubted the severity of his son's debilitation, Getty sent his lawyer to Los Angeles to confirm it and finally agreed to pay the costs 

Wormsley Park
During his nine-month stint in The London Clinic, Getty purchased a dilapidated country estate west of London, Wormsley Park, on the advice of his close friend Christopher Gibbs  After his release in March 1986, he devoted himself to remodeling the 18th-century mansion and restoring the 3,000 acres of parkland  This included the creation of a deer park, the reforestation of 1,500 acres of beechwood forest, and the dredging of a man-made four-acre lake with water tapped from an aquifer 400 feet below ground  Along with the restoration of the Georgian mansion house, Getty added a castle-like addition made of local flint built to house his extensive library, an indoor heated pool, and a replica of The Oval cricket ground  To house his disabled son, he had an accessible cottage built near the pool, from where he could do his water rehabilitation exercises  The six-year project cost an estimated £60 million At Wormsley, Getty hosted his estranged family and improved his relations with his children and ex-wife  To inaugurate his professional cricket ground, Getty hosted a match in September 1992 captained by Imran Khan and Bob Wyatt, with the Prime Minister, John Major and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother as his guests of honour  His eponymous cricket eleven comprised cricketing stars of both past and present assembled by his honorary cricket managers, Brian Johnston (1992–1993) and Colin Ingleby-Mackenzie (1994–2006) 

Philanthropy
Getty donated more than £140m to artistic and cultural causes from which the National Gallery received £50m  He was appointed Knight of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1987, but as a foreign national could not use the title "Sir"  In December 1997, Getty was granted British citizenship and renounced his US nationality  The Queen reportedly commented: "Now you can use your title  Isn't that nice?"Getty served as president of Surrey County Cricket Club and gave money to Lord's Cricket Ground to build a new stand  He combined his loves of cricket and books when he purchased the ownership of Wisden, the famous publishers of the cricketing almanack  Getty built an extraordinary library at Wormsley, collecting such treasures as a first edition of Chaucer, Ben Jonson's annotated copy of Spenser, and Shakespeare Folios  He was a notable member of the exclusive Roxburghe Club, famous among book collectors His personal fortune was estimated at £1 6 billion  His donations included support for the National Gallery, the British Museum, the British Film Institute, Hereford Cathedral, St Paul's Cathedral, the Imperial War Museum, and St  James Catholic Church  Some of his donations, including contributions toward the purchases of Canova's The Three Graces by The National Galleries of Scotland and the Madonna of the Pinks by Raphael, foiled acquisition efforts by the J  Paul Getty Museum endowed by his father  In June 2001, Getty gave £5 million to the Conservative Party  He endowed a £20 million charitable trust to support the arts, conservation and social welfare 

Death
Getty died at age 70 on 17 April 2003, having been admitted for treatment to The London Clinic for a chest infection 

Media portrayals
Getty Jr  is portrayed by Andrew Buchan in the action film All the Money in the World and by Michael Esper  in the television series Trust, both of which dramatize Getty III's kidnapping 
Passage 5:
Fred Le Deux
Frederick David Le Deux (born 4 December 1934) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL)  He is the grandfather of Tom Hawkins 

Early life
Le Deux grew up in Nagambie and attended Assumption College, after which he went to Bendigo to study teaching 

Football
While a student at Bendigo Teachers' Training College, Le Deux played for the Sandhurst Football Club  He then moved to Ocean Grove to take up a teaching position and in 1956 joined Geelong A follower and defender, Le Deux made 18 appearances for Geelong over three seasons, from 1956 to 1958 He was troubled by a back injury in 1958, which kept him out of the entire 1959 VFL season In 1960 he joined Victorian Football Association club Mordialloc, as he had transferred to a local technical school 

Family
Le Deux's daughter Jennifer was married to former Geelong player Jack Hawkins  Jennifer died in 2015  Their son, Tom Hawkins, currently plays for Geelong 
Passage 6:
John Mackay (poet)
John Mackay (Scottish Gaelic: Iain (Dall) MacAoidh; 1656–1754), known as Am Pìobaire Dall (The Blind Piper), was a Scottish Gaelic poet and composer, and the grandfather of William Ross 
Passage 7:
Zhao Shoushan
Zhao Shoushan (simplified Chinese: 赵寿山; traditional Chinese: 趙壽山; pinyin: Zhào Shòushān; 12 November 1894 – 20 June 1965) was a KMT general and later Chinese Communist Party politician  He is the grandfather of Zhao Leji 

Career
Zhao Shoushan was born in Hu County, Shaanxi in 1894  After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Zhao was the CCP Chairman of Qinghai and Governor of Shaanxi 

External links
(in Chinese) Biography of Zhao Shoushan, Shaanxi Daily July 9, 2006 
Passage 8:
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp (Ottoman Turkish: قایا الپ, lit  'Brave Rock') was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa or Basuk and the father of Suleyman Shah  He was the grandfather of Ertuğrul Ghazi, the father of the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman I  He was also famously known for being the successing name of Ertokus Bey’s son Kaya Alp  He was a descendant of the ancestor of his tribe, Kayı son of Gun son of Oghuz Khagan, the legendary progenitor of the Oghuz Turks 
Passage 9:
Lyon Cohen
Lyon Cohen (born Yehuda Leib Cohen; May 11, 1868 – August 17, 1937) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman and a philanthropist  He was the grandfather of singer/poet Leonard Cohen 

Biography
Cohen was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish family on May 11, 1868  He immigrated to Canada with his parents in 1871  He was educated at the McGill Model School and the Catholic Commercial Academy in Montreal  In 1888, he entered the firm of Lee & Cohen in Montreal; later became partner with his father in the firm of L  Cohen & Son; in 1895, he established W  R  Cuthbert & Co; in 1900, he organized the Canadian Improvement Co , a dredging contractor; in 1906, he founded The Freedman Co  in Montreal; and in May 1919, he organized and became President of Canadian Export Clothiers, Ltd   The Freedman Company went on to become one of Montreal’s largest clothing companies In 1897, Cohen and Samuel William Jacobs founded the Canadian Jewish Times, the first English-language Jewish newspaper in Canada  The newspaper promoted the Canadianization of recent East European Jewish immigrants and encouraged their acceptance of Canadian customs as Cohen felt that the old world customs of immigrant Jews were one of the main causes of anti-Semitism  In 1914, the paper was purchased by Hirsch Wolofsky, owner of the Yiddish-language Keneder Adler, who transformed it into the Canadian Jewish Chronicle He died on August 17, 1937, at the age of 69 

Philanthropy
Cohen was elected the first president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in 1919 and organized the Jewish Immigrant Aid Services of Canada  Cohen was also a leader of the Young Men’s Hebrew Benevolent Society (later the Baron de Hirsch Institute) and the United Talmud Torahs, a Jewish day school in Montreal  He also served as president of Congregation Shaar Hashomayim and president of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada 

Personal life
Cohen married Rachel Friedman of Montreal on February 17, 1891  She was the founder and President of Jewish Endeavour Sewing School  They had three sons and one daughter:

Nathan Bernard Cohen, who served as a lieutenant in the World War; he married Lithuanian Jewish immigrant Masha Klonitsky and they had one daughter and one son:
Esther Cohen and
singer/poet Leonard Cohen 
Horace Rives Cohen, who was a captain and quartermaster of his battalion in World War I;
Lawrence Zebulun Cohen, student at McGill University, and
Sylvia Lillian Cohen 
Passage 10:
John Westley
Rev  John Wesley (1636–78) was an English nonconformist minister  He was the grandfather of John Wesley (founder of Methodism) 

Life
John Wesly (his own spelling), Westley, or Wesley was probably born at Bridport, Dorset, although some authorities claim he was born in Devon, the son of the Rev  Bartholomew Westley and Ann Colley, daughter of Sir Henry Colley of Carbery Castle in County Kildare, Ireland  He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School and as a student of New Inn Hall, Oxford, where he matriculated on 23 April 1651, and graduated B A  on 23 January 1655, and M A  on 4 July 1657  After his appointment as an evangelist, he preached at Melcombe Regis, Radipole, and other areas in Dorset  Never episcopally ordained, he was approved by Oliver Cromwell's Commission of Triers in 1658 and appointed Vicar of Winterborne Whitechurch The report of his interview in 1661 with Gilbert Ironside the elder, his diocesan, according to Alexander Gordon writing in the Dictionary of National Biography, shows him to have been an Independent  He was imprisoned for not using the Book of Common Prayer, imprisoned again and ejected in 1662  After the Conventicle Act 1664 he continued to preach in small gatherings at Preston and then Poole, until his death at Preston in 1678 

Family
He married a daughter of John White, who was related also to Thomas Fuller  White, the "Patriarch of Dorchester", married a sister of Cornelius Burges  Westley's eldest son was Timothy (born 1659)  Their second son was Rev  Samuel Wesley, a High Church Anglican vicar and the father of John and Charles Wesley  A younger son, Matthew Wesley, remained a nonconformist, became a London apothecary, and died on 10 June 1737, leaving a son, Matthew, in India; he provided for some of his brother Samuel's daughters 

Notes
Additional sources
Matthews, A  G , "Calamy Revised", Oxford University Press, 1934, page 521  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Wesley, Samuel (1662-1735)"  Dictionary of National Biography  London: Smith, Elder & Co  1885–1900 
Context 2: Passage 1:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 2:
S  N  Mathur
S N  Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980  He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab 
Passage 3:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 4:
Nathan Juran
Naftuli Hertz "Nathan" Juran (September 1, 1907 – October 23, 2002) was an Austrian-born film art director, and later film and television director  As an art director, he won the Oscar for Best Art Direction in 1942 for How Green Was My Valley, along with  Richard Day and Thomas Little  His work on The Razor's Edge in 1946 also received an Academy nomination  In the 1950s, he began to direct, and was known for science fiction and fantasy films such as Attack of the 50 Foot Woman  He was also the brother of quality guru Joseph M  Juran 

Life and career
Early life
Juran was born to a Jewish family in Gura Humorului, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Romania) In 1912, he emigrated to America with his family, settling in Minneapolis  He earned a bachelor's degree in Architecture from the University of Minnesota  He also spent a summer studying at the École des Beaux-Arts before earning a master's degree in Architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology  He passed the architect's exam and set up his own office as an architect 

Art department
With the construction industry at a standstill due to the Great Depression, Juran moved to Los Angeles  He sought architecture work at the studios and got a job doing a drawing of the Brooklyn Bridge for RKO Radio Pictures  He managed to get a permanent job as a draftsman in the art department  He was an assistant art director on Quality Street (1937) 
Juaran later moved to MGM, where he assisted in designing Juliet's bedroom in Romeo and Juliet (1936)  He then joined 20th Century Fox, assisting art department head Richard Day on How Green Was My Valley (1941) Fox liked his work and put Juran under contract  His early credits as art director included Charley's American Aunt (1941), and Belle Starr (1941), and he and Day won an Oscar for their work on Valley Juran also worked on I Wake Up Screaming (1941), A Gentleman at Heart (1942), Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942), The Loves of Edgar Allan Poe (1942), Dr  Renault's Secret (1942), It's Everybody's War (1942, a short), and That Other Woman (1942) 
Juran enlisted in the Navy during the Second World War in July 1942 and was assigned to first the Office of Strategic Services and then to the Royal Air Force Intelligence Center After the war, Juran returned to Fox, winning an Oscar nomination for his work on The Razor's Edge (1946) 
Juran accepted a seven-year contract to be head of the art department for Enterprise Productions  While there he was credited on The Other Love (1947) and Body and Soul (1947)  When Enterprise collapsed, Juran did Kiss the Blood Off My Hands (1948) for Harold Hecht and Tulsa (1948) for Walter Wanger 

Universal
Juran then signed a long-term contract with Universal, where he was the art director on Free for All (1949), Undertow (1949), Winchester '73 (1950), Deported (1950), Harvey (1950), Bright Victory (1951), Thunder on the Hill (1951), Reunion in Reno (1951), Cave of Outlaws (1951), The Strange Door (1951), Meet Danny Wilson (1951), Bend of the River (1952) and Untamed Frontier (1952) 

Director
Juran was assigned as art department head for The Black Castle (1952), when director Joseph Pevney dropped out shortly before filming  Juran was asked to take over as director two weeks prior to filming Universal was happy with Juran's work and signed him to a one-year directing contract  He made an Audie Murphy Western Gunsmoke (1952), and a Ronald Reagan Western Law and Order (1953), then did The Golden Blade (1953), an "Eastern" with Rock Hudson and Tumbleweed (1953) with Murphy 
Juran went to Italy in 1954 to direct a swashbuckler, Knights of the Queen (1954), based on The Three Musketeers  He then directed some episodes of a TV series based on the movie 
Juran returned to Hollywood to direct an independent film, Highway Dragnet (1954) based on a story by Roger Corman  After The Big Moment (1954) at Paramount he went back to Universal to do Drums Across the River (1954) with Murphy Juran directed episodes of Fury (1954), Crossroads and My Friend Flicka on TV, and The Crooked Web (1955) for Sam Katzman at Columbia 

Science fiction and fantasy
Juran's first science fiction film was The Deadly Mantis (1957) at Universal  He followed this with Hellcats of the Navy (1957) starring Ronald Reagan and his wife (who was billed as Nancy Davis)  It was his first film for producer Charles H  Schneer  Schneer hired Juran for 20 Million Miles to Earth (1957) with special effects by Ray Harryhausen  This film established Juran in the science fiction and fantasy genres 
Schneer hired him to do another movie with Harryhausen, The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1957)  It was a commercial and critical success  Instead of continuing with A features, he accepted two jobs "for the money", in his own words: The Brain from Planet Arous (1957) then Attack of the 50 Foot Woman (1957)  Both became cult classics  He was unhappy with how Arous turned out and arranged for his billing to be "Nathan Hertz" 
Juran did a Western for Schneer, Good Day for a Hanging (1958) and, for TV, episodes of Frances Langford Presents, World of Giants, and Men Into Space (1960) 
Juran got back into features with a motion picture he wrote himself, Jack the Giant Killer (1962) for producer Edward Small  He then did Flight of the Lost Balloon (1961), which was released first, an adventure heavily influenced by Jules Verne, which he co-wrote and directed  Around this time he provided the stories for, but did not direct, Doctor Blood's Coffin (1961) and Boy Who Caught a Crook (1961) and wrote a draft of Son of Captain Blood Jurana did some second unit directing on MGM's Mutiny on the Bounty (1962)  Schneer hired Juran to direct Siege of the Saxons (1963) and First Men in the Moon (1964) (based on the novel by H  G  Wells with effects by Harryhausen)   He did an imperial adventure for Schneer, East of Sudan (1964) and directed second unit on Cyrano et d'Artagnan (1964) 

Television
Juran turned to television in 1959  He directed episodes of A Man Called Shenandoah and Daniel Boone, and episodes of all four of Irwin Allen's 1960s science fiction series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Lost in Space, The Time Tunnel and Land of the Giants 

Last films
He did a feature for Schneer, Land Raiders (1970), a Western, before an operation for cancer prompted him to retire in 1970  Juran returned from retirement to direct The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (1973) with his old Sinbad star, Kerwin Mathews  He then returned to his first career, architecture In 1999, he was honored with the Lifetime Career Award by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films, USA 
He died at the age of 95 in Palos Verdes, California, US 

Partial filmography
As art director
How Green Was My Valley (1942)
The Razor's Edge (1946)As director
The Black Castle (1952)
Law and Order (1953)
Gunsmoke (1953)
The Golden Blade (1953)
Tumbleweed (1953)
Drums Across the River (1954)
Highway Dragnet (1954)
The Crooked Web (1955)
The Deadly Mantis (1957)
20 Million Miles to Earth (1957)
Hellcats of the Navy (1957)
The Brain from Planet Arous (1957)
The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958)
Attack of the 50 Foot Woman (1958)
Good Day for a Hanging  (1959)
Flight of the Lost Balloon (1961)
Boy Who Caught a Crook (1961)
Jack the Giant Killer (1962)
Siege of the Saxons (1963)
First Men in the Moon (1964)
East of Sudan (1964)
Land Raiders (1970)
The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (1973)
Passage 5:
Mary Joan Nielubowicz
Retired Rear Admiral Mary Joan Nielubowicz was the Director of the Navy Nurse Corps from 1983 to 1987 

Early life
Mary Joan Nielubowicz was born on 5 February 1929 in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania to Joseph and Ursula Nielubowicz and graduated from Shenandoah Catholic High School  She earned a nursing diploma from Misericordia Hospital, Philadelphia, in 1950 

Navy Nurse Corps career
Nielubowicz joined the Navy Nurse Corps in 1951  While in the Nurse Corps, she earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Colorado in 1961 and a Master of Science degree in Nursing from the University of Pennsylvania in 1965 She served in areas around the globe, including Portsmouth, Virginia, Corona, California, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Annapolis, Maryland, Philadelphia, Washington, D C , Iwakuni, Japan, Cherry Point, North Carolina, Guam and Long Beach, California Billets of increasing responsibility included that of senior nurse at the branch clinic in Iwakuni, Japan in 1967  In 1979 she became director of nursing services at the Naval Regional Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia She became director of the Navy Nurse Corps in 1983, and was promoted to the rank of Commodore (equivalent to today's Rear Admiral (lower half)  In 1985 the rank was changed to Rear Admiral )  She served concurrently as deputy commander for Personnel Management and later as deputy commander for Health Care Operations In 1986, Navy Nurse Corps members of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States (AMSUS) established the Mary J  Nielubowicz Essay Award in recognition of her outstanding support and encouragement of active and reserve nurses 
Admiral Nielubowicz died at her home in Fairfax, Virginia on 24 March 2008  She was interred at Arlington National Cemetery on 21 May 2008 

See also
Navy Nurse Corps
Women in the United States Navy
Passage 6:
James J  Carey
James Joseph Carey (born 9 April 1939) is a retired American Rear Admiral, United States Navy served from 1962 to 1994, born and raised in Berlin, Green Lake County, Wisconsin 

Background
Carey attended Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, where he majored in Marketing and Business Administration  He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration and later went on to study for an M B A  at Northwestern University's Kellogg Graduate School of Management, regularly ranked as the top MBA Business Program in the United States Carey served aboard USS Topeka in the South China Sea and Vietnam  He finished his active duty obligation in 1966   He began a career working with the Saudi Arabia Navy Expansion Program and the Saudi Petrochemical Industry President Ronald Reagan in 1981 nominated Carey as a Commissioner of the U  S  Federal Maritime Commission  He was elected Vice Chairman of the Commission in 1983, reappointed by President Reagan in 1985, and then appointed Chairman of the Commission in 1989 by President George H  W  Bush, where he served until 1991 He is national public policy leader and International Grand Master of The Knights Templar International, recognized in "special consultative status" by the United Nations, former Chairman of the U S  Federal Maritime Commission, and Eagle Scout In 2007, he endowed the Admiral James J  Carey Foundation for the support of "carefully chosen organizations, institutions, and associations that share the Admiral’s views on service to our nation and 'giving back' to society    "   He was the chairman of the Future Leaders for America Foundation, National Co-Chairman of the 1700+ Member Organization for military admirals and generals, founder and chairman of the National Defense Committee, and Chairman of the Good Samaritans of the Knights Templar Foundation He has been recognized as an Outstanding Eagle Scout By the National Eagle Scout Association 

External links
Admiral James J  Carey Foundation Archived 2009-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
Passage 7:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 8:
Jesse E  Hobson
Jesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955  Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation 

Early life and education
Hobson was born in Marshall, Indiana  He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology  Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children 

Career
Awards and memberships
Hobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948 
Passage 9:
Hellcats of the Navy
Hellcats of the Navy is a 1957 American black-and-white World War II submarine film drama from Columbia Pictures, produced by Charles H  Schneer and directed by Nathan Juran  The film stars Ronald Reagan and his wife, billed under her screen name Nancy Davis, and Arthur Franz  This was the only feature film in which the Reagans acted together, either before or after their 1952 marriage 
The film's setting is the Pacific War  The film's storyline concerns Commander Casey Abbott, skipper of the submarine USS Starfish, being ordered to retrieve a new type of Japanese mine in the waters off the Asiatic mainland  When diver Wes Barton, Abbott's rival for the affections of Nurse Lieutenant Helen Blair, gets into a life-threatening situation, Abbott must keep his personal and professional lives separate when dealing with the crisis   
The story is based on the 1955 non-fiction book Hellcats of the Sea by Vice Admiral Charles A  Lockwood and Hans Christian Adamson 

Plot
Commander Casey Abbott (Ronald Reagan), commander of the submarine USS Starfish, is ordered to undertake a dangerous mission which sees him attempting to cut off the flow of supplies between China and Japan in the heavily mined waters off the Asiatic mainland  When a diver, who is Abbott's competitor for the affections of nurse Lieutenant Helen Blair (Nancy Davis) back home, gets into a dangerous situation, Abbott must struggle to keep his personal and professional lives separate in dealing with the crisis 
The results arouse ill feelings in the crew and especially Abbott's executive officer, Lt  Commander Landon (Arthur Franz), who asks his captain to let him air his views in confidence  The results lead Abbott to write in Landon's efficiency report that he should never be given command of a naval vessel, resulting in further ill will between the two 

Cast
Production
Fleet Admiral Chester W  Nimitz appears as himself to introduce the film, and he is later played in the story by actor Selmer Jackson  Retired Navy officer Charles A  Lockwood, chief author of the book on which this feature was based, is also portrayed briefly by an actor 
It was the second film Nathan Juran directed for producer Charles Schneer Reagan said in his autobiography that he was disappointed, overall, in the film, having expected a result more like Destination Tokyo, a major Warner Bros  submarine film made during World War II  The diminishing status of the feature films that Reagan was being offered, plus his increasing involvement with television, led to his leaving the big screen forever 
The United States Navy provided extensive cooperation by allowing portions of the film to be shot at Naval Base San Diego and aboard an actual U S  submarine, possibly USS Besugo  The executive officer of the submarine was Lloyd Bucher, who would go on to command the USS Pueblo during its capture by North Korea in 1968 During the film's production, as USS Besugo was about to get underway, an argument ensued between the director and one of the unions  There was only a short window of opportunity to maneuver the boat away from the pier, as it was difficult for a submarine tied up in San Diego to get underway while a tide was running  Besugo was one of the first submarines to employ nylon rope lines, and when stretched, the lines could get about "as big around as a pencil" and become lethal if they broke under strain  The order was given to the helmsman to answer all bells  Reagan happened to be on deck practicing his dialog lines and hollering out, "Ahead one third, starboard back full    " About this time, the nylon ropes were stretched to their breaking point when an officer gave the command, "All stop, ALL STOP, Goddammit, ALL STOP!" and Reagan, totally oblivious to what was going on, continued to practice his lines, rocking back and forth on his feet with his hands behind his back, as if nothing were wrong 
Among the stock music used in the film were excerpts from The Caine Mutiny March, composed by Max Steiner, the main title theme for the 1954 Columbia Pictures feature film The Caine Mutiny  That film was also about World War II U S  Navy operations in the Pacific theater; Arthur Franz appears as well in the minor role of Lt  (jg) Paynter 
According to Maurice Manson, who played Vice-Admiral Charles A  Lockwood, shooting for the film was completed in five days 

Film premiere
Hellcats of the Navy had its official premiere in San Diego, at the downtown Spreckels Theater  The film's stars were in attendance, as were local U  S  Navy brass and submariners  A program preceded the showing of the film  On a flatbed trailer in front of the theater were displayed one Mark 14 torpedo and one Mark 16 torpedo, the two types used by navy submarines during World War II 

DVD reviews
Glenn Erickson of DVD Talk reviewed the DVD release of Hellcats of the Navy and thought that although the direction was "competent", the script was "completely derivative and cornball"  He went on to criticize the lack of realistic supporting characters and the film's use of obvious stock footage, especially that of a U  S  Navy patrol boat portraying a Japanese ship  Overall, he described the film itself as "fair"  David Krauss of Digitally Obsessed described the production values as "bargain basement" and found that the cast's stiff performances alienated viewers  He gave the film a C for style and a B- for substance, although he also described the direction as "dry as a military briefing" on CNN Erick Harper at DVD Verdict has written that Hellcats followed a series of submarine war film clichés, like the "love triangle" and familiar elements of the action sequences  He compared parts of the film to the TV series Star Trek (which premiered almost a decade later), in that it follows a standard Hollywood formula for its plot  He described Ronald Reagan as "comfortable" and "believable", and said that the film was "worth checking out for the historical value, if nothing else" 

See also
List of American films of 1957
Ronald Reagan filmography

Bibliography
Charles A  Lockwood; Hans Christian Adamson (1955)  Hellcats of the Sea  New York: Greenberg  OCLC 2364890 , a non-fiction account of the U S  Navy's Pacific submarine fleet's Operation Barney in World War II, of which Hellcats of the Navy is a fictionalized filmed version 

See also
List of American films of 1957
Passage 10:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Context 3: Passage 1:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 2:
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Maria Teresa (born María Teresa Mestre y Batista; 22 March 1956) is the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as the wife of Grand Duke Henri, who acceded to the throne in 2000 

Early life and education
Maria Teresa was born on 22 March 1956 in Marianao, Havana, Cuba, to José Antonio Mestre y Álvarez (1926–1993) and wife  María Teresa Batista y Falla de Mestre (1928–1988), both from bourgeois families of Spanish descent  She is also the granddaughter of Agustín Batista y González de Mendoza, who was the founder of the Trust Company of Cuba, the most powerful Cuban bank prior to the Cuban Revolution In October 1959, at the time of the Cuban Revolution, Maria Teresa Mestre’s parents left Cuba with their children, because the new government headed by Fidel Castro confiscated their properties  The family settled in New York City,  where as a young girl she was a pupil at Marymount School  From 1961 she carried on her studies at the Lycée Français de New York  In her childhood, Maria Teresa Mestre took ballet and singing courses  She practices skiing, ice-skating and water sports  She later lived in Santander, Spain, and in Geneva, Switzerland, where she became a Swiss citizen In 1980, Maria Teresa graduated from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva with a degree in political sciences  While studying there, she met her future husband Henri of Luxembourg 

Social and humanitarian interests
Soon after her marriage, Maria Teresa and the then Hereditary Grand Duke Henri established The Prince Henri and Princess Maria Teresa Foundation to help those with special needs integrate fully into society  In 2001, she and her husband created The Grand Duke and Grand Duchess Foundation, launched upon the accession of the couple as the new Grand Duke and Duchess of Luxembourg  In 2004, the Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess Maria Teresa Foundation was created after the merging of the two previous foundations 
In 1997, Maria Teresa was made a special ambassador for UNESCO, working to expand education for young girls and women and help to fight poverty Since 2005, Maria Teresa has been the chairwoman of the international jury of the European Microfinance Award, which annually awards holders of microfinance and inclusive finance initiatives in developing countries  Also, since 2006, Maria Teresa has been honorary president of the LuxFLAG (Luxembourg Fund Labeling Agency), the first agency to label responsible microfinance investment funds around the world On 19 April 2007, the Grand Duchess was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008), and Burundi (2009) She is a member of the Honorary Board of the International Paralympic Committee and a patron of the Ligue Luxembourgeoise de Prévention et d’Action medico-sociales and SOS Villages d’Enfants Monde  The Grand Duchess and her husband Grand Duke Henri are the members of the Mentor Foundation (London), created under the patronage of the World Health Organization  She is also the president of the Luxembourg Red Cross and the Cancer Foundation  In 2016, she organized the first international forum on learning disabilities in Luxembourg The Grand Duchess supports the UNESCO “Breaking the Poverty Cycle of Women” project in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan  The purpose of this project is to improve the living conditions of girls, women and their families  As honorary president of her own foundation, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa set up a project called Projet de la Main Tendue after visiting the Bujumbura prison in 2009 in Burundi  The purpose of this project is to liberate minor people from prison and to give them new opportunities for their future 
In October 2016, Maria Teresa accepted an invitation to join the eminent international Council of Patrons of the Asian University for Women (AUW) in Chittagong, Bangladesh  The university, which is the product of east-west foundational partnerships (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Open Society Foundation, IKEA Foundation, etc ) and regional cooperation, serves extraordinarily talented women from 15 countries across Asia and the Middle East In 2019, Maria Teresa presented her initiative "Stand Speak Rise Up!" to end sexual violence in fragile environments, launched in cooperation with the Women’s Forum and with the support of the Luxembourg government  The conference is in partnership with the Dr  Denis Mukwege Foundation and We Are Not Weapons of War In 2020 the Prime Minister of Luxembourg commissioned a report into the Cour le Grand Ducal following concerns over its working  The report found that up to 1/3 of employees had left since 2015 and that "The most important decisions in the field of personnel management, whether at the level of recruitment, assignment to the various departments or even at the dismissal level are taken by HRH the Grand Duchess ” Several newspaper reports at the time highlighted a 'culture of fear' around the Grand Duchess and "that no-one bar the Prime Minister dared confront her"  The report also raised concerns about the use of public funds to pay for the Grand Duchess' personal website and that this had been prioritised over the Cour's own official website  There were also allegations that staff at the Court has been subject to physical abuse and these reports were investigated by the Luxembourg judicial police 
In February 2023 it was reported by several Luxembourg based media that the Grand Duchess had once again been accused of treating staff poorly during an outfit fitting in October 22  The incident even involved the Prime Minister of Luxembourg having to speak to the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess about the treatment of the staff and commissioning a report into it 

Family
Maria Teresa married Prince Henri of Luxembourg in a civil ceremony on 4 February 1981 and a religious ceremony on 14 February 1981, since Valentine's Day was their favourite holiday  The consent of the Grand Duke had been previously given on 7 November 1980  She received a bouquet of red roses and a sugarcane as a wedding gift from Cuban leader, Fidel Castro  The couple has five children: Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince Félix of Luxembourg, Prince Louis of Luxembourg, Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, and Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg, They were born at Maternity Hospital in Luxembourg City 

Honours
National
Luxembourg:
 Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
 Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau

Foreign
Austria: Grand Star  of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold I
 Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
 Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant
 Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
 France: Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit
 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence
 Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 Japan: Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Precious Crown
 Latvia: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars
 Netherlands:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
 Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav
Portugal-
 Portuguese Royal Family:
Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel
 Portugal:
Grand Cross of the Order of Christ
Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Grand Cross of the Order of Infante Henry
Grand Cross of the Order of Camões
 Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
 Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III
 Sweden:
Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star
Recipient of the 50th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf

Footnotes
External links
 Media related to Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg at Wikimedia Commons
Official website
The Mentor Foundation charity website
Passage 3:
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (1875–1964)
Princess Auguste of Bavaria (German: Auguste Maria Luise Prinzessin von Bayern; 28 April 1875 – 25 June 1964) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and the spouse of Archduke Joseph August of Austria 

Birth and family
Auguste was born in Munich, Bavaria, the second child of Prince Leopold of Bavaria and his wife, Archduchess Gisela of Austria  She had one older sister, Princess Elisabeth Marie of Bavaria and two younger brothers, Prince Georg of Bavaria and Prince Konrad of Bavaria 

Marriage and issue
She married Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, on 15 November 1893 in Munich  The couple had six children;

Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, born on 28 March 1895; died on 25 September 1957(1957-09-25) (aged 62)
Archduchess Gisela Auguste Anna Maria, born on 5 July 1897; died on 30 March 1901(1901-03-30) (aged 3)
Archduchess Sophie Klementine Elisabeth Klothilde Maria, born on 11 March 1899; died on 19 April 1978(1978-04-19) (aged 79)
Archduke Ladislaus Luitpold, born on 3 January 1901; died on 29 August 1946(1946-08-29) (aged 44)
Archduke Matthias Joseph Albrecht Anton Ignatius, born on 26 June 1904; died on 7 October 1905(1905-10-07) (aged 1)
Archduchess Magdalena Maria Raineria, born on 6 September 1909; died on 11 May 2000(2000-05-11) (aged 90)

Ancestry
World War I
On the outbreak of war with Italy in 1915, Augusta Maria Louise, though in her 40s and the mother of a son serving as an officer, went to the front with the cavalry regiment of which her husband, the Archduke Josef August, a corps commander, was honorary colonel, and served a common soldier, wearing a saber and riding astride, until the end of the war 
Passage 4:
Marie-Louise Coidavid
Queen Marie Louise Coidavid (1778 – 11 March 1851) was the Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti 1811–20 as the spouse of Henri Christophe 

Early life
Marie-Louise was born into a free black family; her father was the owner of Hotel de la Couronne, Cap-Haïtien  Henri Christophe was a slave purchased by her father  Supposedly, he earned enough money in tips from his duties at the hotel that he was able to purchase his freedom before the Haitian Revolution  They married in Cap-Haïtien in 1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior  They had four children: François Ferdinand (born 1794), Françoise-Améthyste (d  1831), Athénaïs (d  1839) and Victor-Henri 
At her spouse's new position in 1798, she moved to the Sans-Souci Palace  During the French invasion, she and her children lived underground until 1803 

Queen
In 1811, Marie-Louise was given the title of queen upon the creation of the Kingdom of Haiti  Her new status gave her ceremonial tasks to perform, ladies-in-waiting, a secretary and her own court  She took her position seriously, and stated that the title "given to her by the nation" also gave her responsibilities and duties to perform  She served as the hostess of the ceremonial royal court life performed at the Sans-Souci Palace  She did not involve herself in the affairs of state  She was given the position of Regent should her son succeed her spouse while still being a minor   However, as her son became of age before the death of his father, this was never to materialize After the death of the king in 1820, she remained with her daughters Améthyste and Athénaïs at the palace until they were escorted from it by his followers together with his corpse; after their departure, the palace was attacked and plundered  Marie-Louise and her daughters were given the property Lambert outside Cap  She was visited by president Jean Pierre Boyer, who offered her his protection; he denied the spurs of gold she gave him, stating that he was the leader of poor people  They were allowed to settle in Port-au-Prince  Marie-Louise was described as calm and resigned, but her daughters, especially Athénaïs, were described as vengeful 

Exile
The Queen was in exile for 30 years  In August 1821, the former queen left Haiti with her daughters under the protection of the British admiral Sir Home Popham, and travelled to London  There were rumours that she was searching for the money, three million, deposited by her spouse in Europe  Whatever the case, she did live the rest of her life without economic difficulties  The English climate and pollution during the Industrial Revolution was determintal to Améthyste's health, and eventually they decided to leave In 1824, Marie-Louise and her daughters moved in Pisa in Italy, where they lived for the rest of their lives, Améthyste dying shortly after their arrival and Athénaïs in 1839  They lived discreetly for the most part, but were occasionally bothered by fortune hunters and throne claimers who wanted their fortune  Shortly before her death, she wrote to Haiti for permission to return  She never did, however, before she died in Italy  She is buried in the church of San Donnino  A historical marker was installed in front of the church on April 23, 2023 to commemorate the Queen, her daughter and her sister 

See also
Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité
Adélina Lévêque
Passage 5:
Mehdi Abrishamchi
Mehdi Abrishamchi (Persian: مهدی ابریشم‌چی born in 1947 in Tehran) is a high-ranking member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) 

Early life
Abrishamchi came from a well-known anti-Shah bazaari family in Tehran, and participated in June 5, 1963, demonstrations in Iran  He became a member of Hojjatieh, and left it to join the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in 1969  In 1972 he was imprisoned for being a MEK member, and spent time in jail until 1979 

Career
Shortly after Iranian Revolution, he became one of the senior members of the MEK  He is now an official in the National Council of Resistance of Iran 

Electoral history
Personal life
Abrishamchi was married to Maryam Rajavi from 1980 to 1985  Shortly after, he married Mousa Khiabani's younger sister Azar 

Legacy
Abrishamchi credited Massoud Rajavi for saving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran after the "great schism" 
Passage 6:
Adib Kheir
Adib Kheir (Arabic: أديب الخير) was a leading Syrian nationalist of the 1920s  He was the owner of the Librairie Universelle in Damascus  His granddaughter is the spouse of Manaf Tlass 
Passage 7:
This Time (Waylon Jennings song)
"This Time" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Waylon Jennings  It is the title track from the album This Time and was released in April 1974 as the album's first single  The song reached No  1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in June 1974 and was his first of fourteen country No  1 hits 

Chart performance
Passage 8:
Gertrude of Bavaria
Gertrude of Bavaria (Danish and German: Gertrud; 1152/55–1197) was Duchess of Swabia as the spouse of Duke Frederick IV, and Queen of Denmark as the spouse of King Canute VI 
Gertrude was born to Henry the Lion of Bavaria and Saxony and Clementia of Zähringen in either 1152 or 1155  She was married to Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia, in 1166, and became a widow in 1167  In 1171 she was engaged and in February 1177 married to Canute of Denmark in Lund  The couple lived the first years in Skåne  On 12 May 1182, they became king and queen  She did not have any children  During her second marriage, she chose to live in chastity and celibacy with her husband  Arnold of Lübeck remarked of their marriage, that her spouse was: "The most chaste one, living thus his days with his chaste spouse" in eternal chastity 
Passage 9:
Waylon Jennings
Waylon Arnold Jennings (born Wayland Arnold Jennings; June 15, 1937 – February 13, 2002) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor  He pioneered the Outlaw Movement in country music 
Jennings started playing guitar at the age of eight and performed at age fourteen on KVOW radio, after which he formed his first band, The Texas Longhorns  Jennings left high school at age sixteen, determined to become a musician, and worked as a performer and DJ on KVOW, KDAV, KYTI, KLLL, in Coolidge, Arizona, and Phoenix  In 1958, Buddy Holly arranged Jennings's first recording session, and hired him to play bass  Jennings gave up his seat on the ill-fated flight in 1959 that crashed and killed Holly, J  P  "The Big Bopper" Richardson and Ritchie Valens 
Jennings then formed a rockabilly club band, The Waylors, which became the house band at "JD's", a club in Scottsdale, Arizona  He recorded for independent label Trend Records and A&M Records, but did not achieve success until moving to RCA Victor, when he acquired Neil Reshen as his manager, who negotiated significantly better touring and recording contracts  After he gained creative control from RCA Records, he released the critically acclaimed albums Lonesome, On'ry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes, followed by the hit albums Dreaming My Dreams and Are You Ready for the Country 
During the 1970s, Jennings drove outlaw country  With Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser and Jessi Colter he recorded country music's first platinum album, Wanted! The Outlaws  It was followed by Ol' Waylon and the hit song "Luckenbach, Texas"  He was featured on the 1978 album White Mansions, performed by various artists documenting the lives of Confederates during the Civil War  He appeared in films and television series, including Sesame Street, and a stint as the balladeer for The Dukes of Hazzard, composing and singing the show's theme song and providing narration for the show  By the early 1980s, Jennings struggled with cocaine addiction, which he overcame in 1984  Later, he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen with Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, and Johnny Cash, which released three albums between 1985 and 1995  During that period, Jennings released the successful album Will the Wolf Survive 
Jennings toured less after 1997 to spend more time with his family



ground_truth: Jean Paul Getty

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the director of film Hellcats Of The Navy born?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Between 1999 and 2001, his appearances were limited by health problems  In 2001, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame  In 2007, he was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music 

Early life
Wayland Jennings was born on June 15, 1937, on the J W  Bittner farm, near Littlefield, Texas  He was the son of Lorene Beatrice (née Shipley, 1920–2006) and William Albert Jennings (1915–1968)  The Jennings family line descended from Irish and Black-Dutch  The Shipley line descended from his great-grandfather, a farmer and lawman from Tennessee, with Jennings adding that "along the way, a lot of Indian blood mixed in," including Cherokee and Comanche families The name on Jennings's birth certificate was Wayland  It was changed after a Baptist preacher visited his parents and congratulated his mother for naming him after the Wayland Baptist University in Plainview, Texas  Lorene Jennings, who was Church of Christ and had been unaware of the college, changed the spelling to Waylon  Jennings later expressed in his autobiography, "I didn't like Waylon  It sounded so corny and hillbilly, but it's been good to me, and I'm pretty well at peace with it now " After working as a laborer on the Bittner farm, Jennings's father moved the family to Littlefield and established a retail creamery 

Career
Beginnings in music
When Jennings was 8, his mother taught him to play guitar with the tune "Thirty Pieces of Silver"  Jennings used to practice with his relatives' instruments until his mother bought him a used Stella guitar, and later ordered a Harmony Patrician  Early influences included Bob Wills, Floyd Tillman, Ernest Tubb, Hank Williams, Carl Smith, and Elvis Presley Beginning with performing at family gatherings, Jennings played his first public concert at the Youth Center with Anthony Bonanno, followed by appearances at the local Jaycees and Lions Clubs  He won a talent show at Channel 13, in Lubbock, singing "Hey Joe"  He later made frequent performances at the Palace Theater in Littlefield, during local talent night At the age of 14, Jennings auditioned for a spot on KVOW in Littlefield, Texas  Owner J B  McShan, along with Emil Macha, recorded Jennings's performance  McShan liked his style and hired him for a weekly 30-minute program  Following his performance on the show, Jennings formed his own band  He asked Macha to play bass for him and gathered other friends and acquaintances to form The Texas Longhorns  The style of the band—a mixture of Country and Western and Bluegrass music—was often not well received 

After several disciplinary infractions, 16-year-old Jennings was convinced to drop out of Littlefield High School by the superintendent  Upon leaving school, he worked for his father in the family store, while he also took temporary jobs  Jennings felt that music would turn into his career  The next year he, along with The Texas Longhorns, recorded demo versions of the songs "Stranger in My Home" and "There'll Be a New Day" at KFYO radio in Lubbock  Meanwhile, he drove a truck for the Thomas Land Lumber Company, and a cement truck for the Roberts Lumber Company  Tired of the owner, Jennings quit after a minor driving accident  Jennings, and other local musicians, often performed at country radio station KDAV   During this time he met Buddy Holly at a Lubbock restaurant  The two often met during local shows, and Jennings began to attend Holly's performances on KDAV's Sunday Party In addition to performing on air for KVOW, Jennings started to work as a DJ in 1956 and moved to Lubbock  His program ran from 4:00 in the afternoon to 10:00 in the evening, filled with two hours of country classics, two of current country and two of mixed recordings  The latter included early rock-and-roll stars such as Chuck Berry and Little Richard  The owner reprimanded Jennings for his selection, and after playing two Little Richard records in a row Jennings was fired During his time at KVOW Jennings was visited by DJ Sky Corbin of KLVT in Levelland  Corbin was impressed with his voice, and decided to visit Jennings at the station after hearing him sing a jingle to the tune of Hank Snow's "I'm Moving On"  Jennings expressed his struggle to live on a $50-a-week salary  Corbin invited Jennings to visit KLVT, where he eventually took Corbin's position when it opened  The Corbin family later purchased KLLL, in Lubbock  They changed the format of the station to country, becoming the main competition of KDAV  The Corbins hired Jennings as the station's first DJ 

Jennings produced commercials and created jingles with the rest of the DJs  As their popularity increased, the DJs made public appearances  Jennings's events included live performances  During one performance, Holly's father, L O  Holley, approached them with his son's latest record and asked them to play it at the station  L O  mentioned his son's intention to start producing artists himself, and Corbin recommended Jennings  After returning from his tour of England Buddy Holly visited KLLL Holly took Jennings as his first artist  He outfitted him with new clothes, and worked with him to improve his image  He arranged a session for Jennings at Norman Petty's recording studios in Clovis, New Mexico  On September 10, Jennings recorded the songs "Jole Blon" and "When Sin Stops (Love Begins)" with Holly and Tommy Allsup on guitars and saxophonist King Curtis  Holly then hired Jennings to play bass for him during his "Winter Dance Party Tour" 

Winter Dance Party Tour
Before the tour, Holly vacationed with his wife in Lubbock and visited Jennings's radio station in December 1958  Jennings and Sky Corbin performed the hand claps to Holly's tune "You're the One"  Jennings and Holly soon left for New York City, arriving on January 15, 1959  Jennings stayed at Holly's apartment by Washington Square Park prior to a meeting scheduled at the headquarters of the General Artists Corporation, that organized the tour  They later took a train to Chicago to join the band 

The Winter Dance Party tour began in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on January 23, 1959  The amount of travel created logistical problems, as the distance between venues had not been considered when scheduling each performance  Adding to the problem, the unheated tour buses twice broke down in freezing weather, leading to drummer Carl Bunch being hospitalized for frostbite on his toes  Holly made the decision to find another means of transportation Before their performance at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, Holly chartered a four-seat Beechcraft Bonanza airplane from Dwyer Flying Service in Mason City, Iowa, for himself, Jennings, and Tommy Allsup, to avoid the long bus trip to their next venue in Moorhead, Minnesota  Following the Clear Lake show (which ended around midnight), Allsup lost a coin toss and gave up his seat on the charter plane to Ritchie Valens, while Jennings voluntarily gave up his seat to J  P  Richardson, known as The Big Bopper, who was suffering from the flu and complaining about how cold and uncomfortable the tour bus was for a man of his size When Holly learned that his bandmates had given up their seats on the plane and had chosen to take the bus rather than fly, a friendly banter between Holly and Jennings ensued, and it would come back to haunt Jennings for decades to follow: Holly jokingly told Jennings, "Well, I hope your ol' bus freezes up!" Jennings jokingly replied, "Well, I hope your ol' plane crashes!" Less than an hour and a half later, shortly after 1:00 am on February 3, 1959, Holly's charter plane crashed into a cornfield outside Mason City, instantly killing all on board Later that morning, Jennings's family heard on the radio that "Buddy Holly and his band had been killed " After calling his family, Jennings called Sky Corbin at KLLL from Fargo to confirm that he had not been aboard the plane  The General Artists Corporation promised to pay for first-class tickets for Jennings and the band to attend Holly's funeral in Lubbock in exchange for them playing that night in Moorhead  After the first show, they were initially denied their payment by the venue, but after Jennings's persistence, they were paid  The flights were never paid for, and Jennings and Allsup continued the tour for two more weeks, featuring Jennings as the lead singer  They were paid less than half of the original agreed salary, and upon returning to New York, Jennings put Holly's guitar and amplifier in a locker in Grand Central Terminal and mailed the keys to Maria Elena Holly  Then he returned to Lubbock In the early 1960s, Jennings wrote and recorded "The Stage (Stars in Heaven)", a tribute to Valens, the Big Bopper and Holly, as well as Eddie Cochran, a young musician who died in a road accident a year after the plane crash 
For decades afterward, Jennings repeatedly stated that he felt responsible for the crash that killed Holly  This sense of guilt precipitated bouts of substance abuse through much of his career "Jole Blon" was released on Brunswick in March 1959 with limited success  Now unemployed, Jennings returned to KLLL  Deeply affected by the death of Holly, Jennings's performance at the station worsened  He left the station after he was denied a raise, and later worked briefly for the competition, KDAV 

Phoenix
Due to his father-in-law's illness, Jennings had to shuttle between Arizona and Texas  While his family lived back in Littlefield, Jennings found a job briefly at KOYL in Odessa, Texas  He moved with his family to Coolidge, Arizona, where his wife Maxine's sister lived  He found a job performing at the Galloping Goose bar, where he was heard by Earl Perrin, who offered him a spot on KCKY  Jennings also played during the intermission at drive-in theaters and in bars  After a successful performance at the Cross Keys Club in Phoenix, he was approached by two contractors (Paul Pristo and Dean Coffman) who were building a club in Scottsdale for James (Jimmy) D  Musil, called JD's  Musil engaged Jennings as his main artist and designed the club around his act Jennings formed his backing band, The Waylors, with bassist Paul Foster, guitarist Jerry Gropp, and drummer Richie Albright  The band soon earned a strong local fan base at JD's, where Jennings developed his rock-influenced style of country music that defined him on his later career 

In 1961, Jennings signed a recording contract with Trend Records, and experienced moderate success with his single, "Another Blue Day"  His friend Don Bowman took demos of Jennings to Jerry Moss, who at the time was starting A&M Records with associate Herb Alpert  In July 1963 Jennings signed a contract with A&M that granted him 5% of record sales  At A&M, he recorded "Love Denied" backed with "Rave On", and Ian Tyson's "Four Strong Winds" backed with "Just to Satisfy You"  He followed up by recording demos of "The Twelfth of Never", "Kisses Sweeter than Wine", and "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right", and also produced the single "Sing the Girls a Song, Bill", backed with "The Race Is On"  The singles were released between April and October 1964 Jennings's records found little success at A&M, because the label was releasing mostly folk music rather than country at the time  He had a few regional hits around Phoenix, due to local radio airplay with  "Four Strong Winds" and "Just To Satisfy You", which was co-written with Bowman  Meanwhile, he recorded an album on BAT records produced by James Musil and engineered by Jack Miller, called "JD's Waylon Jennings" on the front of the album, and "Waylon Jennings at JD's" on the back side  After 500 copies were sold at the club another 500 were pressed by the Sounds label  He also played lead guitar for Patsy Montana on a 1964 album Singer Bobby Bare heard Jennings's "Just to Satisfy You" on his car radio while passing through Phoenix, and recorded it and "Four Strong Winds"  After stopping in Phoenix to attend a Jennings performance at JD's, Bare called Chet Atkins, head of the RCA Victor studios in Nashville, and suggested he sign Jennings  Unsure after being offered a deal with RCA if he should quit his gig at JD's and relocate to Nashville, he sought the advice of RCA artist and friend Willie Nelson, who had attended one of Jennings' shows  Upon hearing how well financially Jennings was doing at JD's Nelson suggested he stay in Phoenix Jennings then asked Herb Alpert to release him from his contract with A&M, which Alpert did  Later, after Jennings became successful, A&M compiled all of his singles and unreleased recordings and issued them as an album, Don't Think Twice  Atkins formally signed Jennings to RCA Victor in 1965  In August Jennings made his first appearance on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart with "That's the Chance I'll Have to Take" 

The Nashville Sound
In 1966, Jennings released his debut RCA Victor album Folk-Country, followed by Leavin' Town and Nashville Rebel  Leavin' Town resulted in significant chart success as the first two singles "Anita, You're Dreaming" and "Time to Bum Again" both peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart  The album's third single, a cover of Gordon Lightfoot's "(That's What You Get) For Lovin' Me", peaked at no  9, Jennings's first top 10 single  Nashville Rebel was the soundtrack to an independent film, The Nashville Rebel, starring Jennings  The single "Green River" charted on Billboard country singles at no  11 

In 1967, Jennings released a hit single, "Just to Satisfy You"  During an interview, Jennings remarked that the song was a "pretty good example" of the influence of his work with Buddy Holly and rockabilly music  Jennings produced mid-chart albums that sold well, including 1967's Just to Satisfy You, which included the hit single  Jennings's singles enjoyed success  "The Chokin' Kind" peaked at number eight on Billboard's Hot Country Singles in 1967, while "Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line" hit number two the following year  In 1969, his collaboration with The Kimberlys on the single "MacArthur Park" earned a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group  His single "Brown Eyed Handsome Man" reached number three at the Hot Country Singles chart by the end of the year During this time, Jennings rented an apartment in Nashville with singer Johnny Cash  Jennings and Cash were both managed by "Lucky" Moeller's booking agency Moeller Talent, Inc  The tours organized by the agency were unproductive, with the artists being booked to venues located far from each other in close dates



ground_truth: Gura Humorului

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the spouse of the performer of song This Time (Waylon Jennings Song)?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  After paying for the accommodation and travel expenditures, Jennings was frequently forced to request advances from the agency or RCA Victor to make the next venue  While playing 300 days on the road, Jennings's debt increased, and along with it his consumption of amphetamine  He believed himself to be "trapped on the circuit" In 1972, Jennings released Ladies Love Outlaws  The single that headlined the album became a hit for Jennings, and was his first approach to outlaw country  Jennings was accustomed to performing and recording with his own band, The Waylors, a practice that was not encouraged by powerful Nashville producers, who favored the Nashville sound produced by a roster of experienced local studio musicians  The music style publicized as "Countrypolitan" was characterized by orchestral arrangements and the absence of most traditional country music instruments  The producers did not let Jennings play his own guitar or select material to record  Jennings felt limited by Nashville's lack of artistic freedom 

Outlaw Country
By 1972, after the release of Ladies Love Outlaws, his recording contract was nearing an end  Upon contracting hepatitis, Jennings was hospitalized  Sick and frustrated with the Nashville music industry, he was considering retirement  Albright visited him and convinced him to continue, suggesting he hire Neil Reshen as his new manager  Meanwhile, Jennings requested a $25,000 royalty advance from RCA Records to cover his living expenses during his recovery  The same day he met Reshen, RCA sent Jerry Bradley to offer Jennings $5,000 as a bonus for signing a new 5% royalty deal with RCA, the same terms he had accepted in 1965  After reviewing the offer with Reshen, he rejected it and hired Reshen 

Reshen started to renegotiate Jennings's recording and touring contracts  At a meeting in a Nashville airport Jennings introduced Reshen to Willie Nelson  By the end of the meeting Reshen had become Nelson's manager as well  Jennings's new deal included a $75,000 advance and artistic control  Reshen advised Jennings to keep the beard that he had grown in the hospital, to match the image of Outlaw Country By 1973 Nelson found success with Atlantic Records  Now based in Austin, Texas, he began to attract rock and roll fans to his shows, which gained him notice in its press  Atlantic Records made a bid to sign Jennings, but Nelson's rise to popularity persuaded RCA to renegotiate with him before losing another potential star In 1973, Jennings released Lonesome, On'ry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes, the first albums recorded and released under his creative control  This heralded a major turning point for Jennings, resulting in his most critically and commercially successful years  More hit albums followed with This Time and The Ramblin' Man, both released in 1974  The title tracks of both albums topped the Billboard Country singles chart, with the self-penned "This Time" becoming Jennings's first no  1 single  Dreaming My Dreams, released in 1975, included the no  1 single "Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way", and became his first album to be certified gold by the RIAA; it was also the first of six consecutive solo studio albums to be certified gold or higher  In 1976 Jennings released Are You Ready for the Country  Jennings wanted Los Angeles producer Ken Mansfield to produce the record, but RCA initially balked  Jennings and The Waylors traveled to Los Angeles and recorded with Mansfield at Jennings's own expense  A month later, Jennings returned to Nashville and presented the master tape to Chet Atkins, who, after listening to it, decided to release it  The album reached number 1 Billboard's country albums three times the same year, topping the charts for 10 weeks  It was named Country album of the year in 1976 by Record World magazine and was certified gold by the RIAA 

In 1976, RCA released the compilation album Wanted! The Outlaws, with Jennings, Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser, and Jennings's wife, Jessi Colter  The album was the first Country music album certified platinum  The following year, RCA issued Ol' Waylon, an album that produced a hit duet with Nelson, "Luckenbach, Texas"  The album Waylon and Willie followed in 1978, producing the hit single "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"  Jennings released I've Always Been Crazy, also in 1978  The same year, at the peak of his success, Jennings began to feel limited by the outlaw movement  Jennings referred to the overexploitation of the image in the song "Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand?", claiming that the movement had become a "self-fulfilling prophecy"  In 1979, RCA released Jennings first Greatest Hits compilation, which was certified gold the same year, and quintuple platinum in 2002 Also in 1979, Jennings joined the cast of the CBS series The Dukes of Hazzard as the Balladeer, the narrator  The only episode to feature him as an actor was "Welcome, Waylon Jennings", during the seventh season  Jennings played himself, presented as an old friend of the Duke family  For the show he also wrote and sang the theme song "Good Ol' Boys", which became the biggest hit of his career  Released as a single in promotion with the show, it became Jennings's 12th single to reach number one on the Billboard Country Singles chart  It was also a crossover hit, peaking at no  21 on the Billboard Hot 100 

Later years
In the mid-1980s, Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, and Jennings formed a successful group called The Highwaymen  Aside from his work with The Highwaymen, Jennings released a gold album WWII (1982) with Willie Nelson In 1985, Jennings joined with USA for Africa to record "We Are the World", but he left the studio because of a dispute over the song's lyrics that were to be sung in Swahili  By this time, his sales had decreased  After the release of Sweet Mother Texas, Jennings signed with MCA Records  His debut release with the label, Will the Wolf Survive (1985), peaked at number one in Billboard's Country albums in 1986  Jennings's initial success tailed off, and in 1990, he signed with Epic Records  His first release, The Eagle, became his final top 10 album Also in 1985, he made a cameo appearance in the live-action children's film Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird  In the movie, he plays a turkey farm truck driver who gives Big Bird a lift  He also sings one of the film's songs, entitled "Ain't No Road Too Long"  In 1993, in collaboration with Rincom Children's Entertainment, Jennings recorded an album of children's songs, Cowboys, Sisters, Rascals & Dirt, which included "Shooter's Theme", a tribute to his 14-year-old with the theme of "a friend of mine" As his record sales and radio play declined through the 1990s, Jennings continued to draw large crowds to his live performances  in 1994 Jennings made a small appearance in the movie Maverick, with Mel Gibson, Jodie Foster, and James Garner 
In 1996, Jennings released his album, Right for the Time  In 1997, after the Lollapalooza tour, he decreased his tour schedule to focus on his family  In 1998, Jennings teamed up with Bare, Jerry Reed, and Mel Tillis to form the Old Dogs  The group recorded a double album of songs by Shel Silverstein In mid-1999, Jennings assembled what he referred to as his "hand-picked dream team" and formed Waylon & The Waymore Blues Band  Consisting primarily of former Waylors, the 13-member group performed concerts from 1999 to 2001  As his health declined, Jennings decided to end his touring career  In January 2000, Jennings recorded what became his final album at Nashville's Ryman Auditorium, Never Say Die: Live 

Music style and image
Jennings's music was characterized by his powerful rough-edged singing voice, phrasing and texture 
He was also recognized for his "spanky-twang" guitar style  To create his sound, he used a pronounced 'phaser' effect (see 'Modulation Effects': below) plus a mixture of thumb and fingers during the rhythmic parts, while using picks for the lead runs  He combined hammer-on and pull-off riffs, with eventual upper-fret double stops and modulation effects  Jennings played a 1953 Fender Telecaster, a used guitar that was a gift from The Waylors  Jennings's bandmates adorned his guitar with a distinctive leather cover that featured a black background with a white floral work  Jennings further customized it by filing down the frets to lower the strings on the neck to obtain the slapping sound  Among his other guitars, Jennings used a 1950 Fender Broadcaster from the mid-1970s, until he gave it to guitarist Reggie Young in 1993  The leather covers of his guitars were carved by leather artist Terry Lankford Jennings's signature image was characterized by his long hair and beard, and black hat and black leather vest he wore during his appearances 

Personal life
Jennings was married four times and had six children  He married Maxine Caroll Lawrence in 1956 at age 18, with whom he had four children: Terry Vance (1957–2019), Julie Rae (1958–2014), Buddy Dean (born 1960), and Deana  Jennings married Lynne Jones on December 10, 1962, adopting a child, Tomi Lynne  They divorced in 1967  He married Barbara Elizabeth Rood the same year  He composed the song "This Time" about the trials and tribulations of his marriages and divorces 
Jennings married country singer Jessi Colter in Phoenix, Arizona, on October 26, 1969  Colter had a daughter, Jennifer, from her previous marriage to Duane Eddy  The couple had a son born in 1979, Waylon Albright, known as Shooter Jennings  In the early 1980s, Colter and Jennings nearly divorced due to his abuse of drugs and alcohol  In 1997, after he stopped touring, Jennings earned a GED at age 60 to set an example about the importance of education to his son, Shooter 

Addiction and recovery
Jennings started to consume amphetamines while he lived with Johnny Cash during the mid-1960s  Jennings later stated, "Pills were the artificial energy on which Nashville ran around the clock "In 1977, Jennings was arrested by federal agents for conspiracy and possession of cocaine with intent to distribute  A private courier warned the Drug Enforcement Administration about the package sent to Jennings by a New York colleague that contained 27 grams of cocaine  The DEA and the police searched Jennings's recording studio but found no evidence because, while they were waiting for a search warrant, Jennings disposed of the drug  The charges were later dropped and Jennings was released  The episode was recounted in Jennings's song "Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand" During the early 1980s, his cocaine addiction intensified  Jennings claimed to have spent $1,500 (equivalent to $4,800 in 2022) a day on his habit, draining his personal finances and leaving him bankrupt with debt up to $2 5 million  Though he insisted on repaying the debt and did additional tours to do so, his work became less focused and his tours deteriorated  Jennings leased a home in the Phoenix area and spent a month detoxing himself, intending to start using cocaine again in a more controlled fashion afterward  In 1984, he quit cocaine  He claimed that his son Shooter was his main inspiration to finally do so 

Illness and death
Decades of excessive smoking and drug use took a large toll on Jennings' health in addition to obesity and a poor diet, which resulted in his developing Type II diabetes  In 1988, four years after quitting cocaine, he ended his six-pack-a-day smoking habit  That same year, he underwent heart bypass surgery  By 2000, his diabetes worsened, and the pain reduced his mobility to the point where he was forced to end most touring  That same year, he underwent surgery to improve his left leg's blood circulation  In December 2001, his left foot was amputated at a hospital in Phoenix On February 13, 2002, Jennings died in his sleep from complications of diabetes at his home in Chandler, Arizona, aged 64  He was buried in the City of Mesa Cemetery in nearby Mesa  At his memorial service on February 15, Jessi Colter sang "Storms Never Last" 

Legacy
Between 1965 and 1991, ninety-six Jennings singles appeared on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart and sixteen topped it  Between 1966 and 1995 fifty-four of his albums charted on Billboard's Top Country Albums, with eleven reaching Number 1 

Littlefield, Texas, renamed one of its major roads, Tenth Street, to Waylon Jennings Boulevard 
He was inducted to the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame in 1999 In October 2001, Jennings was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame, but he was unable to attend the ceremony due to the pain caused by his diabetes  On July 6, 2006, Jennings was inducted to Guitar Center's RockWalk in Hollywood, California  Jessi Colter attended the ceremony along with Kris Kristofferson, who was inducted on the same day  On June 20, 2007, Jennings was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music  During the ceremony, Ray Scott sang "Rainy Day Woman" and the award was accepted by Buddy Jennings Jennings's music had an influence on numerous artists, including Hank Williams Jr , The Marshall Tucker Band, Travis Tritt, Steve Earle, Waylon, Eric Church, Cody Jinks, Jamey Johnson, John Anderson, his son, Shooter Jennings, Sturgill Simpson, and Hank Williams III In 2008, the posthumous album Waylon Forever was released, which consisted of songs recorded with his then-16-year-old son, Shooter  In 2012, the three-volume Waylon: The Music Inside was released, featuring covers of Jennings's songs by different artists  Also released the same year was Goin' Down Rockin': The Last Recordings, a set of 12 songs recorded by Jennings and bassist Robby Turner before Jennings' death in 2002   The songs initially featured only Jennings' guitar and vocals, with Turner on bass; further accompaniment was to be added later  Turner completed the recordings in 2012 with the help of former Waylors  The Jennings family approved the release  Meanwhile, it launched a new business focused on his estate  Shooter Jennings arranged deals for a clothing line, launched a renewed website, and started talks with different producers on a biographical film 

Discography
Filmography
Awards
See also
Jerry "Bo" Coleman
Outlaw Country
List of country musicians
List of best-selling music artists
Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame



ground_truth: Jessi Colter