prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the date of death of the director of film Nallavan Vazhvan?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Theodred II (Bishop of Elmham)
Theodred II was a medieval Bishop of Elmham 
The date of Theodred's consecration unknown, but the date of his death was sometime between 995 and 997 
Passage 2:
Albert Thompson (footballer, born 1912)
Albert Thompson (born 1912, date of death unknown) was a Welsh footballer 

Career
Thompson was born in Llanbradach, Wales, and joined Bradford Park Avenue from Barry Town in 1934  After making 11 appearances and scoring two goals in the league for Bradford, he joined York City in 1936  He was York City's top scorer for the 1936–37 season, with 28 goals  He joined Swansea Town in 1937, after making 29 appearances and scoring 28 goals for York  After making 4 appearances in the league for Swansea, he joined Wellington Town 


== Notes ==
Passage 3:
Harry Wainwright (footballer)
Harry Wainwright (born 1899; date of death unknown) was an English footballer 

Career
Wainwright played for Highfields before joining Port Vale as an amateur in December 1919  After making his debut in a 1–0 defeat at Barnsley on Boxing Day he signed as a professional the following month  He was unable to nail down a regular place however, and was released at the end of the season with just four appearances to his name He returned to Highfields before moving on to Doncaster Rovers where he scored in their return to football following WW1, in the 2–1 defeat to Rotherham Town in the Midland League  He scored two more goals that season, and none the following season He then went to Brodsworth Main, Frickley Colliery, Sheffield United, Boston Town, Scunthorpe & Lindsey United and Newark Town 

Career statistics
Source:
Passage 4:
Etan Boritzer
Etan Boritzer (born 1950) is an American writer of children’s literature who is best known for his book What is God? first published in 1989  His best selling What is? illustrated children's book series on character education and difficult subjects for children is a popular teaching guide for parents, teachers and child-life professionals Boritzer gained national critical acclaim after What is God? was published in 1989 although the book has caused controversy from religious fundamentalists for its universalist views  The other current books in the What is? series include: What is Love?, What is Death?, What is Beautiful?, What is Funny?, What is Right?, What is Peace?, What is Money?, What is Dreaming?, What is a Friend?, What is True?, What is a Family?, and What is a Feeling? The series is now also translated into 15 languages 
Boritzer was first published in 1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essay in his English class at Wade Junior High School in the Bronx, New York on the assassination of John F  Kennedy  His essay was included in a special anthology by New York City public school children compiled and published by the New York City Department of Education 
Boritzer now lives in Venice, California and maintains his publishing office there also  He has helped numerous other authors to get published through How to Get Your Book Published! programs  Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regular classes locally and guest-teaches nationally  He is also recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on The Teachings of the Buddha 
Passage 5:
Bill Smith (footballer, born 1897)
William Thomas Smith (9 April 1897 – after 1924) was an English professional footballer 

Career
During his amateur career, Smith played in 17 finals, and captained the Third Army team in Germany when he was stationed in Koblenz after the armistice during the First World War  He started his professional career with Hull City in 1921  After making no appearances for the club, he joined Leadgate Park  He joined Durham City in 1921, making 33 league appearances in the club's first season in the Football League He joined York City in the Midland League in July 1922, where he scored the club's first goal in that competition  He made 75 appearances for the club in the Midland League and five appearances in the FA Cup before joining Stockport County in 1925, where he made no league appearances 
Passage 6:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 7:
P  Neelakantan
Palaniyaandi Neelakantan (2 October 1916 – 3 September 1992) was a Tamil film director, who was active for nearly four decades 

Life
He was born at Villupuram, Tamil Nadu  He graduated to movies from stage play  His play Naam Iruvar was brought by movie mogul Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar and made into a film in 1947  Then he wrote the dialogues for films like Vedala Ulagam in 1948  His directorial debut was with Oru Iravu in (1951), the dialogue for which was written by C  N  Annadurai  Two films that made him well-known are ALS productions Ambikapadi (1957) and Thirudadhe (1961)  He also has directed movies in Kannada and Sinhalese Suneetha and Sujage Rahase  Neelakantan was mainly associated with creating M  G  Ramachandran's (MGR) movie persona  Between Chakravarthi Thirumagal in 1957 and Needhikku Thalaivanangu in 1976, Neelakantan directed altogether 17 of MGR's movies 

Filmography
Passage 8:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 9:
Nallavan Vazhvan
Nallavan Vazhvan (transl  The good man will live) is a 1961 Indian Tamil-language crime thriller film produced and directed by P  Neelakantan  The film stars M  G  Ramachandran and Rajasulochana  It revolves around a man who is sentenced to death on false charges, and escapes from prison to clear his name 
Nallavan Vazhvan is the 50th film for Ramachandran as an actor  The screenplay was written by C  N  Annadurai, from a story by Na  Pandurangan, and cinematography was handled by G  Durai  The film was released on 31 August 1961 and underperformed at the box office, with a theatrical run of 80 days 

Plot
Muthu, a convict sentenced to death on false charges of murder, escapes from prison  He will have to himself confuse the culprit, Nallasivam, the local personality, of the most well-to-do, above suspicion, a priori  During his escape, disguised as a shaman, Muthu leads an investigation, and finds that the matter rests on the indestructible support of some women  First of all, his young and beautiful Chandra (that he saved formerly, captivated in the hands of Nallasivam), of its mother and the one that he considers as his young sister Chenbagame  But the husband of the latter, the inspector of police, in charge of this case, Madhavan, friend, nevertheless, Muthu, convinced of his guilt, does not stop pursuing him  However, the hired men thrown by Nallasivam cross the region in search of the fugitive to kill him  In front of such threats, will Muthu manage to put, in time, the hand on the unique witness which could exonerate him?

Cast
Male castM  G  Ramachandran as Muthu
M  R  Radha as Nallasivam
M  N  Nambiar as Inspector Madhavan
D  Balasubramaniam as Nallasivam's clerk
S  Rama Rao as Makeup MeganathanFemale castRajasulochana as Chandra
E  V  Saroja as Chenbagame
Lakshmi Prabha as Muthu's mother
P  S  Seethalaksmi as the witness

Production
Nallavan Vazhvan was produced and directed by P  Neelakantan under Arasu Pictures  The screenplay was written by C  N  Annadurai, from a story by Na  Pandurangan  It was the 50th film for M  G  Ramachandran as an actor  Cinematography was handled by G  Durai 

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by T  R  Pappa, with lyrics by M  K  Athmanathan and Vaali  This was the first Ramachandran film for which Vaali wrote lyrics  The team initially rejected the lyrics Vaali wrote for the song "Sirikindraal Indru Sirikindraal" and wanted A  Maruthakasi to write new lyrics, but Maruthakasi convinced the team to retain Vaali's lyrics  The song contains the lyrics "Udayasooriyan ethiril irundhal, ullai thamarai malaratho" (in front of the rising sun, the lotus of one's heart blooms), where the "rising sun" is a reference to the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's election symbol 

Release and reception
Nallavan Vazhvan was released on 31 August 1961  Kanthan of Kalki negatively reviewed the film, saying one redeeming feature was its short runtime of 15,133 feet (4,613 m)  The film underperformed at the box office and ran for 80 days in theatres 
Passage 10:
Thomas Scott (diver)
Thomas Scott (1907 - date of death unknown) was an English diver 

Boxing
He competed in the 10 metre platform at the 1930 British Empire Games for England 

Personal life
He was a police officer at the time of the 1930 Games 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired



ground_truth: 3 September 1992

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did the performer of song Fantasy (George Michael Song) die?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
O Valencia!
"O Valencia!" is the fifth single by the indie rock band The Decemberists, and the first released from their fourth studio album, The Crane Wife 
The music was written by The Decemberists and the lyrics by Colin Meloy  It tells a story of two star-crossed lovers  The singer falls in love with a person who belongs to an opposing gang  At the end of the song, the singer's lover jumps in to defend the singer, who is confronting his lover's brother (the singer's "sworn enemy") and is killed by the bullet intended for the singer 

Track listing
The 7" single sold in the UK was mispressed, with "Culling of the Fold" as the B-side despite the artwork and record label listing "After the Bombs" as the B-side 

Music videos
For the "O Valencia!" music video, The Decemberists filmed themselves in front of a green screen and asked fans to complete it by digitally adding in background images or footage  Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report, having recently asked fans to do the same with a video of him with a light saber in front of a green screen, brought up The Decemberists on his segment "Look Who's Riding on My Coattails Now" and accused the band of stealing the idea  The Decemberists' response was to challenge Stephen Colbert to a guitar solo showdown on December 20, 2006, on The Colbert Report On January 19, 2007, The Decemberists premiered an alternate music video of "O Valencia!", directed by Aaron Stewart-Ahn, on MTV2  The video follows a character named Patrick, played by Meloy, as he and his love Francesca (Lisa Molinaro), daughter of "the Boss", plan an escape to an unknown location  At a cafe, a man in a suit, portrayed by the band member Chris Funk, tells him to hide in the "Valencia" hotel (the Super Value Inn on North Interstate Avenue in Portland, Oregon) while he gets them the necessary documentation to escape  Above the name of the hotel, there is a neon sign that reads "Office"  The letters have all burnt out except for the "O", creating the title of the song  The video then introduces other characters - various assassination teams - who sit in different rooms of the hotel waiting for the chance to catch the two lovers  Most are portrayed by other members of the band (along with Meloy's wife, Carson Ellis)  They kill off any potential witnesses to their plan  Patrick manages to take down one member from each team, before they gang up on him  The Boss arrives, along with the man from the cafe, who reveals that he snitched on Patrick and Francesca  They execute Francesca, while forcing Patrick to watch  After they leave, Patrick finds a note by Francesca, which reveals that she never fell in love with him, and only wanted protection  2 months later, Patrick and the man, who has lost an eye from a previous assassination attempt, have a sit-down at the same cafe  The man reveals that he snitched on Patrick just to take over the town  Patrick reveals that he poisoned a drink the man was having, but before he could get away, the man stabs Patrick in the neck with a fork before dying, followed by Patrick 
The video is somewhat influenced by the distinct style and themes of director Wes Anderson, with bold fonts being used to introduce characters and groups on the bottom of the screen (much like in the film The Royal Tenenbaums)  The band had previously (and more explicitly) drawn influence from Anderson's Rushmore in their video for "Sixteen Military Wives"  The layout of the hotel is also similar to the one used in Bottle Rocket 
Kurt Nishimura was chosen as the winner by mtvU for his video that depicted a love affair between a woman and her television, with the TV containing the green-screened Decemberists video footage 
Passage 2:
Bernie Bonvoisin
Bernard Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁnaʁ bɔ̃vwazɛ̃]), known as Bernie Bonvoisin (French pronunciation: ​[bɛʁni bɔ̃vwazɛ̃], born 9 July 1956 in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine), is a French hard rock singer and film director  He is best known for having been the singer of Trust 
He was one of the best friends of Bon Scott the singer of AC/DC and together they recorded the song "Ride On" which was one of the last songs by Bon Scott 

External links
Bernie Bonvoisin at IMDb
Passage 3:
Panda (Astro song)
Astro is the first album of long duration (after the EP Le disc of Astrou) of Chilean indie band Astro, released in 2011  The first single from the album was "Ciervos" and followed "Colombo", "Panda" and "Manglares" 
This album was chosen by National Public Radio among the 50 discs of 2012 

Track listing
All tracks written by Andrés Nusser, except where noted 

Ciervos (Deer)
Coco (Coconut)
Colombo
Druida de las nubes (Druid of the clouds)
Panda
Miu-Miu
Manglares (Mangroves)
Mira, está nevando en las pirámides (Look, it's snowing in the pyramids)
Volteretas (Tumbles)
Pepa
Nueces de Bangladesh (Nuts of Bangladesh)
Miu-Miu reaparece (Miu-Miu reappears)

Personnel
Astro

Andrés Nusser – vocals, guitar
Octavio Caviares – drums
Lego Moustache – keyboards, percussion
Zeta Moustache – keyboards, bassProduction

Andrés Nusser – producer, recording and mixing
Chalo González – mixing and mastering
Cristóbal Carvajal – recording
Ignacio Soto – recording
Passage 4:
Billy Milano
Billy Milano (born June 3, 1964) is an American heavy metal and hardcore punk musician  He is the singer and occasionally guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M O D , and was the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death  Prior to these bands, Milano played in early New York hardcore band the Psychos, which also launched the career of future Agnostic Front vocalist Roger Miret  Milano was also the singer of United Forces, which included his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker  Milano managed a number of bands, including Agnostic Front, for whom he also co-produced the 1997 Epitaph Records release Something's Gotta Give and roadie for Anthrax 

Discography
Stormtroopers of Death albums
Stormtroopers of Death videos
Method of Destruction (M O D )
Mastery
Passage 5:
George Michael
George Michael (born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou; 25 June 1963 – 25 December 2016) was an English singer-songwriter, record producer, and musician  He is one of the best-selling musicians of all time, with his sales estimated at between 100 million and 125 million records worldwide  A prominent figure in popular music, Michael was known as a creative force in songwriting, vocal performance, and visual presentation  He achieved 13 number one songs on the UK Singles Chart and 10 number one songs on the US Billboard Hot 100  Michael won numerous music awards, including two Grammy Awards, three Brit Awards, twelve Billboard Music Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards  He was listed among Billboard's the "Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time" and Rolling Stone's the “200 Greatest Singers of All Time”  The Radio Academy named him the most played artist on British radio during the period 1984–2004  Michael has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the UK Music hall of fame Born in East Finchley, Middlesex, Michael rose to fame as a member of the music duo Wham! and later embarked on a solo career  After he formed Wham! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981, the band's first two albums, Fantastic (1983) and Make It Big (1984), reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200  Their hit singles included "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" and "Last Christmas"  Establishing themselves as a global act, Wham! toured China in April 1985; the tour was the first visit to China by a Western popular music act, and it generated worldwide media coverage Michael's first solo single "Careless Whisper" (1984) reached number one in over 20 countries, including the UK and US  Before embarking on the production of his first solo album, Michael went on to release two number one solo singles, "A Different Corner" and the Aretha Franklin duet "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"  Michael's debut solo album, Faith (1987) topping the UK Albums Chart and staying at number one on the Billboard 200 for 12 weeks  Globally it sold 25 million copies, and four singles from the album—"Faith", "Father Figure", "One More Try", and "Monkey"—reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100  Michael became the best-selling music artist of 1988, and Faith was awarded Album of the Year at the 1989 Grammy Awards  His second solo album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 (1990), sold approximately over eight million copies and was a UK number one  It included the Billboard Hot 100 number one "Praying for Time" and the worldwide hit "Freedom! '90"  A 1991 live duet with Elton John, "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", was also a transatlantic number one  Michael went on to release two more multimillion-selling albums, Older (1996) and Patience (2004) 
Outside music, Michael was an active LGBT rights campaigner and HIV/AIDS charity fundraiser  His personal life, drug use, and legal troubles made headlines during the late 1990s and 2000s, as he was arrested for public lewdness in 1998 and was arrested for multiple drug-related offences after that time  Michael came out as gay in 1998  The 2005 documentary A Different Story covered his career and personal life  Michael's 25 Live tour spanned three tours from 2006 to 2008  Michael fell into a coma in 2011 during a bout with pneumonia, but later recovered  He performed his final concert at London's Earls Court in 2012  Michael died of heart disease on Christmas Day in 2016, at his home in Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire 

Early life
George Michael was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (Greek: Γεώργιος Κυριάκος Παναγιώτου) on 25 June 1963, in East Finchley  His father, Kyriacos "Jack" Panayiotou, was a Greek-Cypriot restaurateur who emigrated from Patriki, Cyprus, to England in the 1950s  His mother, Lesley Angold (born Harrison, died 1997), was an English dancer  In June 2008, Michael told the Los Angeles Times that his maternal grandmother was Jewish, but she married a non-Jewish man and raised her children with no knowledge of their Jewish background due to her fear during World War II  Michael spent most of his childhood in Kingsbury, London, in the home his parents bought soon after his birth; he attended Roe Green Junior School and Kingsbury High School  Michael had two sisters: Yioda (born 1958) and Melanie (1960–2019)  On the BBC's Desert Island Discs, he disclosed that his interest in music followed an injury to his head around the age of eight 

Early music
While Michael was in his early teens, the family moved to Radlett  There, Michael began attending Bushey Meads School in Bushey, where he, as "Yog", met, sat down next to, and befriended, his future Wham! partner Andrew Ridgeley  The two had the same career ambition of being musicians  Michael busked on the London Underground, performing songs such as "'39" by Queen  His involvement in the music business began with his working as a DJ, playing at the Bel Air Restaurant in Northwood, London, clubs, and local schools around Bushey, Stanmore, and Watford  This was followed by the formation of a short-lived ska band called The Executive, with Ridgeley, Ridgeley's brother Paul, Andrew Leaver, Jamie Gould, and David Mortimer (later known as David Austin) 

Wham!
Michael formed the duo Wham! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981  On the cusp of fame, he decided to legally change his name to the more accessible George Michael  The band's first album Fantastic reached No  1 in the UK in 1983 and produced a series of top 10 singles including "Young Guns", "Wham Rap!", and "Club Tropicana"  Their second album, Make It Big, reached No  1 on the charts in the US  Singles from that album included "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" (No  1 in the UK and US), "Freedom", "Everything She Wants", and "Careless Whisper" which reached No  1 in nearly 25 countries, including the UK and US, and was Michael's first solo effort as a single  In December 1984, the single "Last Christmas" was released  In 1985 Michael received the first of his three Ivor Novello Awards for Songwriter of the Year from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors Michael performed on the original 1984 Band Aid recording of "Do They Know It's Christmas?"—he appears third on the song after Paul Young and Boy George sing their lines  The song became the UK Christmas number one and Michael also donated the profits from "Last Christmas" and "Everything She Wants" to charity  Michael sang "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" with Elton John at Live Aid at Wembley Stadium in London on 13 July 1985  He also contributed background vocals to David Cassidy's 1985 hit "The Last Kiss", as well as Elton John's 1985 successes "Nikita" and "Wrap Her Up"  Michael cited Cassidy as a major career influence and interviewed Cassidy for David Litchfield's Ritz Newspaper 

Wham!'s tour of China in April 1985, the first visit to China by a Western popular music act, generated worldwide media coverage, much of it centred on Michael  The headline in the Chicago Tribune read: "East meets Wham!, and another great wall comes down"  Before Wham!'s appearance in China, many kinds of music in the country were forbidden  The band's manager, Simon Napier-Bell, had spent 18 months trying to convince Chinese officials to let the duo play  The audience included members of the Chinese government  Chinese television presenter Kan Lijun, who was the on-stage host, spoke of Wham!'s historic performance: "No-one had ever seen anything like that before  All the young people were amazed and everybody was tapping their feet  Of course the police weren't happy and they were scared there would be riots " Wham! performed their hits with scantily clad dancers and strobing disco lights  According to Napier-Bell, Michael tried to get the crowd to clap along to "Club Tropicana", but "they hadn't a clue – they thought he wanted applause and politely gave it", before adding that some Chinese did eventually "get the hang of clapping on the beat " A UK embassy official in China stated "there was some lively dancing but this was almost entirely confined to younger western members of the audience " The tour was documented by film director Lindsay Anderson and producer Martin Lewis in their film Wham! in China: Foreign Skies With the success of Michael's solo singles, "Careless Whisper" (1984) and "A Different Corner" (1986), rumours of an impending break up of Wham! intensified  The duo officially separated in 1986, after releasing a farewell single, "The Edge of Heaven" and a farewell compilation, The Final (their third album Music from the Edge of Heaven was released in North America and Japan), plus a sell-out concert at Wembley Stadium that included the world premiere of the China film  The Wham! partnership ended officially with the commercially successful single "The Edge of Heaven", which reached No  1 on the UK chart in June 1986 

Solo career
1987–1989
During early 1987, at the beginning of his solo career, Michael released "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)", a duet with Aretha Franklin  "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" was a one-off project that helped Michael achieve an ambition by singing with one of his favourite artists  It scored number one on both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 upon its release  For Michael, it became his third consecutive solo number one in the UK from three releases, after 1984's "Careless Whisper" (though the single was actually from the Wham! album Make It Big) and 1986's "A Different Corner"  The single was also the first Michael had recorded as a solo artist which he had not written himself  The co-writer, Simon Climie, was unknown at the time; he later had success as a performer with the band Climie Fisher in 1988  Michael and Aretha Franklin won a Grammy Award in 1988 for Best R&B Performance – Duo or Group with Vocal for the song In late 1987, Michael released his debut solo album, Faith  The first single released from the album was "I Want Your Sex", in mid-1987  The song was banned by many radio stations in the UK and US, due to its sexually suggestive lyrics  MTV broadcast the video, featuring celebrity make-up artist Kathy Jeung in a basque and suspenders, only during the late night hours  Michael argued that the act was beautiful if the sex was monogamous, and he recorded a brief prologue for the video in which he said: "This song is not about casual sex " One of the racier scenes involved Michael writing the words "explore monogamy" on his partner's back in lipstick  Some radio stations played a toned-down version of the song, "I Want Your Love", with the word "love" replacing "sex" When "I Want Your Sex" reached the US charts, American Top 40 host Casey Kasem refused to say the song's title, referring to it only as "the new single by George Michael " In the US, the song was also sometimes listed as "I Want Your Sex (from Beverly Hills Cop II)", since the song was featured on the soundtrack of the movie  Despite censorship and radio play problems, "I Want Your Sex" reached No  2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No  3 in the UK  The second single, "Faith", was released in October 1987, a few weeks before the album  "Faith" became one of his most popular songs  The song was No  1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks, becoming the best-selling single of 1988 in the US  It also reached No  1 in Australia, and No  2 on the UK Singles Chart  The video provided some definitive images of the 1980s music industry in the process—Michael in shades, leather jacket, cowboy boots, and Levi's jeans, playing a guitar near a classic-design jukebox On 30 October, Faith was released in the UK and in several markets worldwide  Faith topped the UK Albums Chart, and in the US, the album had 51 non-consecutive weeks in the top 10 of Billboard 200, including 12 weeks at No  1  Faith had many successes, with four singles ("Faith", "Father Figure", "One More Try", and "Monkey") reaching No  1 in the US  Faith was certified Diamond by the RIAA for sales of 10 million copies in the US  To date, global sales of Faith are more than 25 million units  The album was highly acclaimed by music critics, with AllMusic journalist Steve Huey describing it as a "superbly crafted mainstream pop/rock masterpiece" and "one of the finest pop albums of the '80s"  In a review by Rolling Stone magazine, journalist Mark Coleman commended most of the songs on the album, which he said "displays Michael's intuitive understanding of pop music and his increasingly intelligent use of his power to communicate to an ever-growing audience "In 1988, Michael embarked on a world tour  In Los Angeles, Michael was joined on stage by Aretha Franklin for "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"  It was the second highest grossing event of 1988, earning $17 7 million  At the 1988 Brit Awards held at the Royal Albert Hall on 8 February, Michael received the first of his two awards for Best British Male Solo Artist  Later that month, Faith won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 31st Grammy Awards  At the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards on 6 September in Los Angeles, Michael received the Video Vanguard Award  According to Michael in his film, A Different Story, success did not make him happy and he started to think there was something wrong in being an idol for millions of teenage girls  The whole Faith process (promotion, videos, tour, awards) left him exhausted, lonely and frustrated, and far from his friends and family  In 1990, he told his record company Sony that, for his second album, he did not want to do promotions like the one for Faith 

1990s
Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 was released in September 1990  The title is an indication of his desire to be taken more seriously as a songwriter  It reached No  23 in the UK and No  27 in the US in October 1990  The album was released in Europe on 3 September 1990, and one week later in the US  It reached No  1 in the UK Albums Chart and peaked at No  2 on the US Billboard 200  It spent a total of 88 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and was certified four-times Platinum by the BPI  The album produced five UK singles, all of which were released within an eight-month period: "Praying for Time", "Waiting for That Day", "Freedom! '90", "Heal the Pain", and "Cowboys and Angels" (the latter being his only single not to chart in the UK top 40)  Michael refused to do any promotion for the album  At the 1991 Brit Awards, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 won the award for Best British Album The album's first single, "Praying for Time", with lyrics concerning social ills and injustice, was released in August 1990  James Hunter of Rolling Stone magazine described the song as "a distraught look at the world's astounding woundedness  Michael offers the healing passage of time as the only balm for physical and emotional hunger, poverty, hypocrisy, and hatred " The song was an instant success, reaching No  1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No  6 in the UK  A video was released shortly thereafter, consisting of the lyrics on a dark background  Michael did not appear in this video or any subsequent videos for the album  The second single from Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1, "Waiting for That Day", was an acoustic-heavy single, released as an immediate follow-up to "Praying for Time" 
"Freedom '90" was the second of only two singles from Listen Without Prejudice to be supported by a music video (the other being the Michael-less "Praying for Time")  The song alludes to his struggles with his artistic identity, and prophesied his efforts shortly thereafter to end his recording contract with Sony Music  As if to prove the song's sentiment, Michael refused to appear in the video (directed by David Fincher), and instead recruited supermodels Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Tatjana Patitz, and Cindy Crawford to appear in and lip sync in his stead  It also featured lyrics critical of his sex symbol status  It reached No  8 success on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, and No  28 on the UK Singles Chart  "Mother's Pride" gained significant radio play in the US during the first Persian Gulf War during 1991, often with radio stations mixing in callers' tributes to soldiers with the music Later in 1991, Michael embarked on the Cover to Cover tour in Japan, England, the US, and Brazil, where he performed at Rock in Rio  The tour was not a proper promotion for Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  Rather, it featured Michael singing his favourite cover songs  Among his favourites was "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", a 1974 song by Elton John; Michael and John had performed the song together at the Live Aid concert in 1985, and again for Michael's concert at London's Wembley Arena on 25 March 1991, where the duet was recorded  "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" was released as a single at the end of 1991 and reached No  1 in both the UK and US  In 1991, Michael released an autobiography through Penguin Books titled Bare, co-written with Tony Parsons An expected follow-up album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  2, was scrapped due to Michael's lawsuit with Sony  Instead, Michael donated three songs to the charity project Red Hot + Dance, for the Red Hot Organization which raised money for AIDS awareness; a fourth track, "Crazyman Dance", was the B-side of 1992's "Too Funky"  Michael donated the royalties from "Too Funky" to the same cause  "Too Funky" reached No  4 on the UK Singles Chart and No  10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 

Michael performed with Queen at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert on 20 April 1992 at Wembley Stadium  The concert was a tribute to the life of the late Queen frontman, Freddie Mercury, with the proceeds going to AIDS research  Michael performed "'39", "These Are the Days of Our Lives" with Lisa Stansfield and "Somebody to Love"  Michael's performance of "Somebody to Love" was hailed as "one of the best performances of the tribute concert"  Michael later reflected, "It was probably the proudest moment for me of my career, because it was me living out a childhood fantasy, I suppose, to sing one of Freddie's songs in front of 80,000 people "The Five Live EP featured five live recordings (six in several countries) performed by Michael, Queen, and Lisa Stansfield  "Somebody to Love" and "These Are the Days of Our Lives" were recorded at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert  "Killer", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", and "Calling You" were recorded during his Cover to Cover Tour from 1991 
All proceeds from the sale of the EP benefited the Mercury Phoenix Trust  Sales of the EP were strong through Europe, where it debuted at No  1 in the UK and several European countries  Chart success in the US was less spectacular, where it reached No  40 on the Billboard 200 ("Somebody to Love" reached No  30 on the US Billboard Hot 100)  The performance would later feature on Queen's compilation album Greatest Hits III During November 1994, after a long period of seclusion, Michael appeared at the first MTV Europe Music Awards show, where he gave a performance of a new song, "Jesus to a Child"  The song was a melancholy tribute to his lover, Anselmo Feleppa, who had died in March 1993  The song entered the UK Singles Chart at No  1 and No  7 on Billboard upon release in 1996  It was Michael's longest UK Top 40 single, at almost seven minutes long  The exact identity of the song's subject—and the nature of Michael's relationship with Feleppa—was shrouded in innuendo and speculation, as Michael had not confirmed he was homosexual and did not do so until 1998  The video for "Jesus to a Child" was a picture of images recalling loss, pain and suffering  Michael consistently dedicated the song to Feleppa before performing it live Michael released "Fastlove", an energetic tune about wanting gratification and fulfilment without commitment, in 1996  The single version was nearly five minutes long  "Fastlove" was supported by a futuristic virtual reality-related video  The single reached No  1 on the UK Singles Chart, spending three weeks at the top spot  In the US, "Fastlove" peaked at No  8  Following "Fastlove", Michael released Older, his third studio album  In the UK, the album was particularly notable for producing a record six top three hit singles in a two-year span In 1996, Michael was voted Best British Male at the MTV Europe Music Awards and the Brit Awards; and at the British Academy's Ivor Novello Awards, he was awarded the title of Songwriter of the Year for the third time  Michael performed a concert at Three Mills Studios, London, for MTV Unplugged  It was his first long performance in years, and in the audience was Michael's mother, who died of cancer the following year Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998) was Michael's first solo greatest hits collection  The collection of 28 songs (29 songs are included on the European and Australian release) are separated into two halves, with each containing a particular theme and mood  The first CD, titled "For the Heart", predominantly contains ballads; the second CD, "For the Feet", consists mainly of dance tunes  It was released through Sony Music Entertainment as a condition of severing contractual ties with the label  Ladies & Gentlemen was a success, peaking at No  1 on the UK Albums Chart for eight weeks  It spent over 200 weeks in the UK chart, and is the 45th best-selling album of all time in the UK  It is certified seven-times platinum in the UK and multi-platinum in the US, and is Michael's most commercially successful album in his homeland, having sold more than 2 8 million copies  As of 2013, the album had reached worldwide sales of approximately 15 million copies  The first single of the album, "Outside", was a humorous song making a reference to his arrest for soliciting a policeman in a public toilet  "As", his duet with Mary J  Blige, was released as the second single in many territories around the world  Both singles reached the top 5 in the UK Singles Chart Released in 1999, Songs from the Last Century is a studio album of cover tracks  The album achieved the lowest peak of his solo efforts, peaking at No  157 on the American Billboard 200 albums chart and at No  2 in the UK Albums Chart 

2000s
In 2000, Michael worked on the hit single "If I Told You That" with Whitney Houston  Michael co-produced on the single along with Rodney Jerkins  Michael's first single from his fifth studio album, "Freeek!", reached the Top 10 in the UK  His next single was "Shoot the Dog" which was released in July 2002 during the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq  The video for the song showed Tony Blair as George Bush's poodle  The single's cover featured the Daily Mirror's "Howdy Poodle" front page from earlier in the year  Responding to criticism, Michael said, "I am British, I live here, I pay my taxes, and I'm very, very worried that we are now the second most dangerous country in the world thanks to our special relationship with America " It reached No  1 in Denmark and made the top 5 in most European charts  It peaked at No  12 on the UK Singles Chart In February 2003, Michael recorded another song in protest against the looming Iraq war, Don McLean's "The Grave"  The original was written by McLean in 1971 and was a protest against the Vietnam War  Michael performed the song on numerous TV shows including Top of the Pops and So Graham Norton  His performance of the song on Top of the Pops on 7 March 2003 was his first studio appearance on the programme since 1986  He ran into conflict with the show's producers for an anti-war, anti-Blair T-shirt worn by some members of his band  McLean stated that he was "'proud of George Michael for standing up for life and sanity'" 

When Michael's fifth studio album, Patience, was released in 2004, it was critically acclaimed and went to No  1 on the UK Albums Chart  The album became one of the fastest-selling albums in the UK, selling over 200,000 copies in the first week alone  It reached the Top 5 on most European charts and peaked at No  12 in the US, selling over 500,000 copies to earn a Gold certification from the RIAA  "Amazing", the third single from the album, became a No  1 hit in Europe  When Michael appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 26 May 2004, to promote the album, he performed "Amazing", along with his classic songs "Father Figure" and "Faith"  On the show, Michael spoke of his arrest, the public revelation of his homosexuality, and his resumption of public performances  He allowed Oprah's crew inside his home outside London  The fourth single taken off the album was "Flawless"  It was a dance hit in Europe as well as North America, reaching No  1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play and becoming Michael's last No  1 single on the US Dance chart  Twenty Five is Michael's second greatest hits album, celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career  Released in November 2006 by Sony BMG, it debuted at no  1 in the UK 

During the 2005 Live 8 concert at Hyde Park, London, Michael joined Paul McCartney on stage, harmonising on The Beatles classic "Drive My Car"  In 2006, Michael embarked on his first tour in 15 years, 25 Live  The tour began in Barcelona, Spain, on 23 September and finished in December at Wembley Arena in England  On 9 June 2007, Michael became the first artist to perform live at the newly renovated Wembley Stadium in London  On 25 March 2008, a third part of the 25 Live Tour was announced for North America, with 21 dates in the US and Canada Michael made his American acting debut by playing a guardian angel to Jonny Lee Miller's character on Eli Stone, a US TV series  Each episode of the show's first season was named after a song of his  Michael also appeared on the 2008 finale show of American Idol on 21 May, singing "Praying for Time"  When asked what he thought Simon Cowell would say of his performance, he replied "I think he'll probably tell me I shouldn't have done a George Michael song  He's told plenty of people that in the past, so I think that'd be quite funny " On 25 December 2008, Michael released a new Christmas-themed track, "December Song", on his website for free 

2010s
In early 2010, Michael performed his first concerts in Australia since 1988  On 20 February 2010, Michael performed his first show in Perth at the Burswood Dome to an audience of 15,000  On 2 March 2011, Michael announced the release of his cover version of New Order's 1987 hit "True Faith" in aid of the UK charity telethon Comic Relief  Michael appeared on Comic Relief itself, featuring in the first Carpool Karaoke sketch of James Corden, with the pair singing songs while Corden drove around London  On 15 April 2011, Michael released a cover of Stevie Wonder's 1972 song, "You and I", as an MP3 gift to Prince William and Catherine Middleton on the occasion of their wedding on 29 April 2011  Although the MP3 was released for free download, Michael appealed to those who downloaded the track to make a contribution to "The Prince William & Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund" 

The Symphonica Tour began at the Prague State Opera House on 22 August 2011  In October 2011, Michael was announced as one of the final nominees for the Songwriter's Hall of Fame  In November, he had to cancel the remainder of the tour as he became ill with pneumonia in Vienna, Austria, ultimately slipping into a coma In February 2012, two months after leaving hospital, Michael made a surprise appearance at the 2012 Brit Awards at the O2 Arena in London, where he received a standing ovation, and presented Adele the award for Best British Album  In March, Michael announced that he was healthy and that the Symphonica Tour would resume in autumn  The final concert of the tour—which was also the final concert of Michael's life–was performed at London's Earls Court on 17 October 2012 Symphonica was released on 17 March 2014, and became Michael's seventh solo No  1 album in the UK, and ninth overall including his Wham! chart-toppers  The album was produced by Phil Ramone and Michael; the album was Ramone's last production credit  On 2 November 2016, Michael's management team announced that a second documentary on his life, entitled Freedom, was set to be released in March 2017  A month after, English songwriter Naughty Boy confirmed plans to collaborate with Michael, for a new song and album  Naughty Boy claimed that the song is "amazing but [   ] bittersweet"  On 7 September 2017 (months after Michael's death), the single "Fantasy", featuring Nile Rodgers, was released Having charted at number two upon its release in 1984 (behind Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" which Michael also performed in), "Last Christmas" finally reached number-one in the UK Singles Chart on New Year's Day 2021 (chart week ending date 7 January 2021), more than 36 years after its initial release  Andrew Ridgeley said the chart placing was "a testament to its timeless appeal and charm", adding: "It is a fitting tribute to George's song-writing genius    he would have been immensely proud and utterly thrilled " The period of 36 years taken to reach number one was a UK chart record, which would be surpassed by Kate Bush with "Running Up That Hill" in June 2022 which took 37 years 

Posthumous releases
On 7 September 2017, Michael's estate released the single "Fantasy"  Written and produced by Michael, was recorded while he was working on Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  However, the track was not included on the album  Instead in October 1990, it was featured on the "Waiting for That Day" single in the United Kingdom and on the "Freedom! '90" single in the rest of the world  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The album includes the original version of "Fantasy" and the 1998 version; the Nile Rodgers remix was not included on the disc but was made available to purchasers as a digital download  On 18 October 2017, a music video was released on Vevo In 2019, the Emma Thompson-written film Last Christmas was released  The title of the film is taken from the Wham classic  An official soundtrack album was released by Legacy Recordings on CD, two-disc vinyl, and digital formats on 8 November 2019  The album contains 14 Wham! and solo George Michael songs, as well as a previously unreleased song originally completed in 2015 titled "This Is How (We Want You to Get High)"  The soundtrack album debuted at number one on the UK Official Soundtrack Albums Chart and at number 11 on the UK Albums Chart on 15 November 2019  It also entered the Australian Albums Chart at number seven, the Irish Albums Chart, where it debuted at number 32, climbing to number 26 the following week, and at number 55 on the US Billboard 200 On 22 June 2022, the documentary film Freedom Uncut was released  Michael had been working on the film shortly before his death, alongside David Austin, and provides the narration throughout  NME, The Guardian and Empire all praised the film and rated it 4/5 stars On September 30, 2022, a remastered and expanded version of Older was released comprising the original Older album, the Upper disc and three bonus CDs, containing remixes and live recordings of Older-era tracks  The album charted at number 2 on the UK Official Albums Chart Top 100 on 7 October 2022 

Personal life
Sexuality and relationships
Michael stated that his early fantasies were about women, which "led me to believe I was on the path to heterosexuality", but at puberty he started to fantasise about men, which he later said "had something to do with my environment"  At the age of 19, Michael told Andrew Ridgeley that he was bisexual  Michael also told one of his two sisters, but he was advised not to tell his parents about his sexuality  In a 1999 interview with The Advocate, Michael told the Editor in Chief, Judy Wieder, that it was "falling in love with a man that ended his conflict over bisexuality" 
"I never had a moral problem with being gay", Michael told her  "I thought I had fallen in love with a woman a couple of times  Then I fell in love with a man, and realised that none of those things had been love "In 2004, Michael said, "I used to sleep with women quite a lot in the Wham! days but never felt it could develop into a relationship because I knew that, emotionally, I was a gay man  I didn't want to commit to them but I was attracted to them  Then I became ashamed that I might be using them  I decided I had to stop, which I did when I began to worry about AIDS, which was becoming prevalent in Britain  Although I had always had safe sex, I didn't want to sleep with a woman without telling her I was bisexual  I felt that would be irresponsible  Basically, I didn't want to have that uncomfortable conversation that might ruin the moment, so I stopped sleeping with them " In the same interview, he added: "If I wasn't with Kenny [his boyfriend at the time], I would have sex with women, no question"  He said he believed that the formation of his sexuality was "a nurture thing, via the absence of my father who was always busy working  It meant I was exceptionally close to my mother", though he stated that "there are definitely those who have a predisposition to being gay in which the environment is irrelevant " In 2007, Michael said he had hidden his sexuality because of worries over what effect it might have on his mother  Two years later, he added: "My depression at the end of Wham! was because I was beginning to realise I was gay, not bisexual "During the late 1980s, Michael had a relationship with make-up artist Kathy Jeung, who was regarded for a time as his artistic "muse" and who appeared in the "I Want Your Sex" video  Michael later said that she had been his "only bona fide" girlfriend, and that she knew of his bisexuality  In 2016, Jeung reacted to Michael's death by calling him a "true friend" with whom she had spent "some of the best time of [her] life" In 1992, Michael established a relationship with Anselmo Feleppa, a Brazilian dress designer whom he had met at the Rock in Rio concert in 1991  Six months into their relationship, Feleppa discovered that he was HIV-positive  Michael later said: "It was terrifying news  I thought I could have the disease too  I couldn't go through it with my family because I didn't know how to share it with them – they didn't even know I was gay " In 1993, Feleppa died of an AIDS-related brain haemorrhage  Michael's single, "Jesus to a Child", is a tribute to Feleppa (Michael consistently dedicated it to him before performing it live), as is his album Older (1996)  In 2008, speaking about the loss of Feleppa, Michael said: "It was a terribly depressing time  It took about three years to grieve, then after that I lost my mother  I felt almost like I was cursed "In 1996, Michael entered into a long-term relationship with Kenny Goss, a former flight attendant, cheerleading coach, and sportswear executive from Dallas, Texas  They had a home in Dallas, a 16th-century house in Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, and an £8 million mansion in Highgate, North London  In late November 2005, it was reported that Michael and Goss planned to register their relationship as a civil partnership in the UK, but because of negative publicity and his upcoming tour, they postponed their plans  On 22 August 2011, the opening night of his Symphonica world tour, Michael announced that he and Goss had split two years earlier Michael's homosexuality became publicly known following his April 1998 arrest for public lewdness  In 2007, Michael said "that hiding his sexuality made him feel 'fraudulent', and his eventual outing, when he was arrested [   ] in 1998, was a subconsciously deliberate act "In 2012, Michael entered a relationship with Fadi Fawaz, a Lebanese-Australian celebrity hairstylist and freelance photographer based in London  It was Fawaz who found Michael's body on Christmas morning 2016 

Legal troubles
On 7 April 1998, Michael was arrested for "engaging in a lewd act" in a public restroom of the Will Rogers Memorial Park in Beverly Hills, California  Michael was arrested by undercover policeman Marcelo Rodríguez in a sting operation  In an MTV interview, Michael stated: "I got followed into the restroom and then this cop—I didn't know it was a cop, obviously—he started playing this game, which I think is called, 'I'll show you mine, you show me yours, and then when you show me yours, I'm going to nick you!'"

After pleading "no contest" to the charge, Michael was fined US$810 and sentenced to 80 hours of community service  Soon afterwards, Michael made a video for his single "Outside", which satirised the public toilet incident and featured men dressed as policemen kissing  Rodríguez claimed that this video "mocked" him, and that Michael had slandered him in interviews  In 1999, he brought a US$10 million court case in California against the singer  The court dismissed the case, but an appellate court reinstated it on 3 December 2002  The court then ruled that Rodríguez, as a public official, could not legally recover damages for emotional distress On 23 July 2006, Michael was again accused of engaging in anonymous public sex, this time at London's Hampstead Heath  Michael stated that his cruising for anonymous sex was not an issue in his relationship with partner Kenny Goss In February 2006, Michael was arrested for possession of Class C drugs, an incident that he described as "my own stupid fault, as usual"  He was cautioned by the police and released  In 2007, he pleaded guilty to drug-impaired driving after obstructing the road at traffic lights in Cricklewood in northwest London, and was subsequently banned from driving for two years and sentenced to community service  On 19 September 2008, Michael was arrested in a public convenience in the Hampstead Heath area for possession of Class A and C drugs  He was taken to the police station and cautioned for controlled substance possession In the early hours of 4 July 2010, Michael was returning from the Gay Pride parade, when he was spotted on CCTV crashing his car into the front of a Snappy Snaps store in Hampstead, north London, and was arrested on suspicion of being unfit to drive  On 12 August, London's Metropolitan Police said he was "charged with possession of cannabis and with driving while unfit through drink or drugs"  It was reported that Michael had also been taking the prescription tricyclic antidepressant medication amitriptyline  On 24 August 2010, the singer pleaded guilty at Highbury Corner Magistrates' Court in London after admitting driving under the influence of drugs  On 14 September 2010, at the same court, Michael was sentenced to eight weeks in prison, a fine, and a five-year ban from driving  Michael was released from Highpoint Prison in Suffolk on 11 October 2010, after serving four weeks  In the dent in the shop wall Michael had crashed into, someone graffitied the word "Wham" 

Health
Michael struggled with substance abuse for many years  He was arrested for drug-related offences in 2006, 2008 and 2010  In September 2007, on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, Michael said that his cannabis use was a problem; he wished he could smoke less of it and was constantly trying to do so  On 5 December 2009, in an interview with The Guardian, Michael explained he had cut back on cannabis and was smoking only "seven or eight" spliffs per day instead of the 25 per day he had formerly smoked  Michael also abused sleeping pills On 26 October 2011, Michael cancelled a performance at the Royal Albert Hall in London due to a viral infection  On 21 November, Vienna General Hospital admitted Michael after he complained of chest pains while at a hotel two hours before his performance at a venue there for his Symphonica Tour  Michael appeared to be "in good spirits" and responded well to treatment following his admission, but on 25 November hospital officials said that his condition had "worsened overnight"  This development led to cancellations and postponements of Michael's remaining 2011 performances, which had been scheduled mainly for the United Kingdom  The singer was later confirmed to have suffered from pneumonia and, until 1 December, was in an intensive care unit; at one point, he was comatose  On 21 December, the hospital discharged him  Michael told the press that he had undergone a tracheotomy, that the staff at the hospital had saved his life, and that he would perform a free concert for them  After waking from the coma, Michael had a temporary West Country accent, and there was concern he had developed foreign accent syndrome On 16 May 2013, Michael sustained a head injury when he fell from his moving car on the M1 motorway, near St Albans in Hertfordshire, and was airlifted to hospital  On 29 May, Michael's publicist confirmed that he had left the hospital and that his injuries were superficial In 2014, Michael stated that he had refrained from using cannabis for one-and-one-half years  In June 2015, he checked into a drug rehabilitation facility in Switzerland 

Politics
"To call us Thatcherite was so simplistic, basically saying that if you've got a deep enough tan and made a bit of money then you've got to be a Thatcherite "
Michael's father was a communist  At the age of fifteen, Michael joined the Young Communist League, under his Greek name  During the time of Margaret Thatcher as the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom throughout the 1980s, Michael voted Labour  In September 1984, Wham! performed at a benefit concert at London's Royal Festival Hall for the striking UK miners In 2000, Michael joined Melissa Etheridge, Garth Brooks, Queen Latifah, the Pet Shop Boys, and k d  lang, to perform in Washington, D C  as part of Equality Rocks, a concert to benefit the Human Rights Campaign, an American LGBT rights group  His 2002 single "Shoot the Dog" was critical of the friendly relationship between the UK and US governments, in particular the relationship between Tony Blair and George W  Bush, with their involvement in the War on Terror  Michael voiced his concern about the lack of public consultation in the UK regarding the War on Terror: "On an issue as enormous as the possible bombing of Iraq, how can you represent us when you haven't asked us what we think?"In 2006, Michael performed a free concert for NHS nurses in London to thank the nurses who had cared for his late mother  He told the audience: "Thank you for everything you do — some people appreciate it  Now if we can only get the government to do the same thing "In 2007, Michael sent the £1,450,000 piano that John Lennon used to write "Imagine" around the United States on a "peace tour", displaying at places where notable acts of violence had taken place, such as Dallas' Dealey Plaza, where US President John F  Kennedy had been shot  He devoted his 2007 concert in Sofia, from his "Twenty Five Tour" to the Bulgarian nurses prosecuted in the HIV trial in Libya  On 17 June 2008, Michael said he was thrilled by California's legalisation of same-sex marriage, calling the move "way overdue" 

Philanthropy
In November 1984, Michael joined other British and Irish pop stars of the era to form Band Aid, singing on the charity song "Do They Know It's Christmas?" for famine relief in Ethiopia  This single became the UK Christmas number one in December 1984, holding Michael's own song, "Last Christmas" by Wham!, at No  2  "Do They Know It's Christmas?" sold 3 75 million copies in the UK and became the biggest selling single in UK chart history, a title it held until 1997 when it was overtaken by Elton John's "Candle in the Wind 1997", released in tribute to Princess Diana following her death (Michael attended Diana's funeral with Elton John)  Michael donated the royalties from "Last Christmas" to Band Aid and subsequently sang with Elton John at Live Aid (the Band Aid charity concert) in 1985 In 1986, Michael took part in the Prince's Trust charity concert held at Wembley Arena, performing "Everytime You Go Away" alongside Paul Young  In 1988, Michael participated in the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute at Wembley Stadium in London together with many other singers (such as Annie Lennox and Sting), performing "Sexual Healing" An LGBT rights campaigner and HIV/AIDS charity fundraiser, the proceeds from the 1991 single "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" were divided among 10 different charities for children, AIDS and education  He was also a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation  Michael wore a red ribbon at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert at Wembley Stadium in April 1992  He was instrumental in bringing the compilation CD Red Hot + Dance to fruition, contributing three original songs, with the album featuring Seal and Madonna among others In 2003, he paired up with Ronan Keating on the UK edition of the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and won £32,000, after having their original £64,000 winnings halved by answering the £125,000 question incorrectly  The same year, Michael joined other celebrities to support a campaign to help raise £20 million for terminally ill children run by the Rainbow Trust Children's Charity of which he was a patron  He said: "Loss is such an incredibly difficult thing  I bow down to people who actually have to deal with the loss of a child "

Following Michael's death, various charities revealed that Michael had privately supported them for many years  Those charities included Childline (to whom he had donated "millions"), the Terrence Higgins Trust, and Macmillan Cancer Support  Michael also donated to individuals: he reportedly called the production team of the quiz show Deal or No Deal after a contestant had revealed that she needed £15,000 to fund IVF treatment and anonymously paid for the treatment  Michael once tipped a student nurse working as a barmaid £5,000 because she was in debt  On 3 January 2017, another woman came forward and (with the permission of Michael's family) revealed he had anonymously paid for her IVF treatment after seeing her talk about her problems conceiving on an episode of This Morning in 2010  The woman gave birth to a girl in 2012 After his death, it was also revealed that Michael had been anonymously paying for an annual Christmas tree erected where he lived in Highgate, as well as funding the Christmas lights, for the previous decade  He was also the largest funder of Highgate's annual Fair in the Square for those ten years, donating anonymously as "a local resident" 

Assets
Between 2006 and 2008, according to reports, Michael earned £48 5 million from the 25 Live tour alone  In July 2014, he was reported to have been a celebrity investor in a tax avoidance scheme called Liberty  According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2015 of the wealthiest British musicians, Michael was worth £105 million 

Death
In the early hours of Christmas Day 2016, Michael died in bed at his home in Goring-on-Thames, at the age of 53  He was found by his partner, Fadi Fawaz  In March 2017, a senior coroner in Oxfordshire attributed Michael's death to dilated cardiomyopathy with myocarditis and a fatty liver Owing to the delay in determining the cause of death, Michael's funeral was held on 29 March 2017  In a private ceremony, he was buried at Highgate Cemetery in north London, on one side of his mother's grave  His sister Melanie, who died exactly three years after him, is buried on the other side 

Aftermath
In the summer of 2017, a temporary informal memorial garden was created outside Michael's former home in The Grove, Highgate  The site, in a private square that Michael had owned, was tended by fans for approximately eighteen months until it was cleared In March 2019, Michael's art collection was auctioned in England for £11 3 million  The proceeds were donated to various philanthropic organisations Michael gave to while he was alive Michael's will left most of his £97 million estate to his sisters, his father and friends  It did not include bequests to either Fawaz or to his former partner, Kenny Goss  In 2021, following legal proceedings, the trustees of Michael's estate entered into a financial settlement with Goss 

Tributes
Elton John was among those who paid tribute to Michael, emotionally addressing the audience in Las Vegas on 28 December, "What a singer, what a songwriter  But more than anything as a human being he was one of the kindest, sweetest, most generous people I've ever met "At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards on 12 February 2017, Adele performed a slow version of "Fastlove" in tribute to Michael  On 22 February, Coldplay lead singer Chris Martin performed "A Different Corner" at the 2017 Brit Awards  In June, Michael's close friend, former Spice Girls member Geri Halliwell, released a charity single, "Angels in Chains", a tribute to him, to raise money for Childline In 2020, Michael was commemorated with a mural in his native borough of Brent  The artwork, which formed part of the Brent Biennial, was commissioned to pay tribute to his contribution to the fields of music and entertainment  Artist Dawn Mellor said it celebrates the singer as a pioneering cultural and LGBTQ+ figure 

Awards and achievements
Michael won numerous music awards throughout his 30-year career, including three Brit Awards—winning Best British Male Artist twice, four MTV Video Music Awards, six Ivor Novello Awards, three American Music Awards (including two in the traditionally-black Soul/R&B category), and two Grammy Awards from eight nominations  In 2015, he was ranked 45th in Billboard's list of the "Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time"  The Radio Academy stated that Michael was the most frequently played artist on British radio during the period 1984–2004  In 2019, Michael was named as the greatest artist of all time by Smooth Radio  
In 2023, Michael was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame  On 3 May 2023, Michael was picked as an inductee to the 2023 class alongside Kate Bush, Willie Nelson, The Spinners, Missy Elliott and Rage Against the Machine 

Discography and record sales
At the time of his death, Michael was estimated to have sold between 100 million and 125 million records worldwide  As a solo artist, he sold an estimated 100 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists  He is estimated to have sold up to 30 million records with Wham!  His debut solo album Faith sold more than 25 million copies 

Solo discography

Faith (1987)
Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1 (1990)
Older (1996)
Songs from the Last Century (1999)
Patience (2004)Wham! discography

Fantastic (1983)
Make It Big (1984)

Tours
The Faith Tour (1988–89)
Cover to Cover (1991)
25 Live (2006–08)
George Michael Live in Australia (2010)
Symphonica Tour (2011–12)

See also
Imagine Piano Peace Project
List of artists by number of UK Singles Chart number ones
List of artists who reached number one in the United States
List of best-selling music artists
Panayiotou v Sony Music Entertainment (UK) Ltd
The Real George Michael: Portrait of an Artist
Passage 6:
Fantasy (George Michael song)
"Fantasy" is a song by the English singer-songwriter George Michael  It was first released in 1990 as the B-side of his single "Waiting for That Day" (and "Freedom! '90" in the US)  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The single was released posthumously, more than eight months after Michael's death on 25 December 2016 

Background
"Fantasy", written and produced by Michael, was recorded while he was working on Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  However, the track was not included on the album  Instead in October 1990, it was featured on the "Waiting for That Day" single in the United Kingdom and on the "Freedom! '90" single in the rest of the world  In 1998, a remixed version of "Fantasy" was featured on the "Outside" single  The original version of the song was included later on Michael's albums: Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1998), Twenty Five (2006) and Faith (2011 edition)  On 7 September 2017, a new version reworked by Nile Rodgers was released as a single from Listen Without Prejudice / MTV Unplugged (2017)  The album includes the original version of "Fantasy" and the 1998 version; the Nile Rodgers remix was not included on the disc but was made available to purchasers as a digital download   On 18 October 2017, a music video was released on Vevo 

Track listing
Digital single"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) – 4:02Promotional single"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) (Radio Edit) – 3:37

Versions
"Fantasy" – 5:00
"Fantasy '98" – 4:30
"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) – 4:02
"Fantasy" (featuring Nile Rodgers) (Radio Edit) – 3:37

Charts
Release history
Passage 7:
Kathy Sanborn
Kathy Sanborn (born January 16, ?) is an American jazz vocalist and composer based in California  She won a 2015 American Songwriting Award for her song, "Fantasy "

Style
Sanborn has been compared to 1950s cool jazz singers Anita O'Day, Chris Connor, and June Christy due to her smooth vocals and clear diction  Her vocal tone has been compared to the 1970s singer-songwriter Laura Nyro for its depth and timbre  JazzTimes on Sanborn's work: "Romance is always in the air as far as Kathy Sanborn is concerned, and her songs are reflections of those emotions which take flight when overpowered by love "Spain's NoSoloSmoothJazz com says: "Kathy Sanborn is one of the most original vocalists in the American musical landscape "With the release of Peaceful Sounds, Eric Cohen of New York radio station WAER proclaimed that Sanborn's voice "truly is a gift from the heavens "

Early life
Sanborn demonstrated a love of music from an early age, and performed in front of a mirror in her bedroom  She began ballet studies as a youth, but turned her focus to piano and voice, performing in various school plays and concerts 
Her father was an amateur sax player and lover of big band music  Consequently, Sanborn had an early introduction to jazz music and its major performers 

Career
Self-released in 2008, Peaceful Sounds is Sanborn's debut album, combining jazz and new age music  The sometimes dark and philosophical album garnered almost immediate international radio attention  She followed it with Small Galaxy (2010), a more upbeat album which reached No  4 on radio station WSCA's Top Chart 
Blues for Breakfast (2011), featured Grammy nominee Scott Petito on bass, Chris Carey on drums, and Wayne Ricci on trumpet  The title track showcased Sanborn's love of jazz history and her affection for the famed musicians of the 1930s-50s who performed on New York's 52nd Street  Sanborn said, "I wrote the song, 'Blues for Breakfast', as a fond tribute to the jazz masters of days gone by  On New York's 52nd Street, the greats would 'walk the high wire' and enthrall and inspire new generations of jazz players  As jazz continues to evolve in the modern era, I imagine the masters are looking down and nodding their approval "In 2011, Sanborn released her single, "Magnetized," dedicated to film historian and Turner Classic Movies host Robert Osborne  A fan of classic movies, Sanborn composed the jazz love song as an homage to the power of attraction exhibited by film stars Six Degrees of Cool (2012) showcased Sanborn's cool jazz roots  The album includes "Bitter Winter" and "Shanty Man," songs referring to societal effects of economic depression  "Drawing from renowned influences such as cool jazz giants Miles Davis, Chet Baker, and Anita O'Day, Sanborn's new album brings cool jazz into today's contemporary scene "Sultry Night (2013) includes songs honoring Anita O'Day and Cary Grant  Sanborn composed, arranged, sang, played piano, and produced the album Sanborn won a 2015 American Songwriting Award for "Fantasy," the first single released from her 2015 album, Lights of Laniakea Kej worked with Sanborn on the album Lights of Laniakea (2015) Says Sanborn, "Back in 2014 at the University of Hawaii, scientists mapped a new supercluster that contains our own galaxy, the Milky Way  They named it Laniakea, which means, 'Immeasurable Heaven ' The album, Lights of Laniakea, describes our universal desire to live in the light – in the 'immeasurable heaven' that is our home "In 2016, Lights of Laniakea was nominated for a ZMR Award (Best Vocal Album) and a One World Music Radio Award (Best Vocal Album) Sanborn appeared on the compilation Action Moves People United, which also featured Julian Lennon, Janis Ian, and Dan Aykroyd, among many others  The album reached Billboard's top ten chart for compilation albums 
Beginning 2016, Sanborn contributed a column to the jazz web site, All About Jazz  Titled "In the Biz," the column featured Sanborn's interviews with jazz colleagues such as David Longoria, Arun Shenoy, Carol Albert, Roberta Piket, and many more  The column focused on the business of jazz music today, and how jazz musicians can best promote themselves and their music Sanborn's eighth album, Recollecting You, released August 4, 2017  A single from the album, "Falling," won a 2017 Clouzine International Music Award for Best Jazz Song In 2017, Sanborn appeared on the World music album, A Musical Journey: Together in Peace, which reached Billboard #1 in World albums  The project, created by Rupam Sarmah and Kevin Mackie, is a collaborative effort to promote global peace The composer and vocalist is a strong believer in creating new jazz music for the modern era  Sanborn says, "Instead of regurgitating old standards, we need to keep the jazz genre alive by releasing fresh music for new generations  Write new standards, and stop relying on old music to pave the way for any positive changes in jazz  There is an important place in jazz for the old songs that have touched listeners for decades, but if we wish to reach new and broader markets, we need to move forward – and not exist solely in the past  Miles Davis, if he were here today, would be shocked that jazz music has not moved further ahead by now "

Awards and honors
Discography
Passage 8:
Astrid North
Astrid North (Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973, West Berlin – 25 June 2019, Berlin) was a German soul singer and songwriter  She was the singer of the German band Cultured Pearls, with whom she released five Albums  As guest singer of the band Soulounge she published three albums 

Career
North had her first experiences as a singer with her student band Colorful Dimension in Berlin  In March 1992 she met B  La (Bela Braukmann) and Tex Super (Peter Hinderthür) who then studied at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg and who were looking for a singer for their band Cultured Pearls  The trio entered the German charts with four singles and four albums 

In 1994 North sang for the dance-pop band Big Light on their hit single Trouble Is  In 1996 she was a guest on the side project Little Red Riding Hood by Fury in the Slaughterhouse brothers Kai and Thorsten Wingenfelder which resulted in the release of the single Life's Too Short from the eponymous album The song Sleepy Eyes, texted and sung by North, appears in the soundtrack of the movie Tor zum Himmel (2003) by director Veit Helmer  In 2003 she appeared at the festival Das Fest in Karlsruhe and sang alongside her own songs a cover version of the Aerosmith hit Walk This Way together with the German singer Sasha  North also toured with the American singer Gabriel Gordon After the end of her band Cultured Pearls in 2003 North moved 2004 to New York City to write new songs, work with a number of different musicians and to experiment with her music In 2005 she joined the charity project Home, which produced an album for the benefit of the orphans from the Beluga School for Life in Thailand which have been affected by the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004 and the subsequent tsunami  Beside the orphans themselves also the following artists have been involved, guitarist Henning Rümenapp (Guano Apes), Kai Wingenfelder (Fury in the Slaughterhouse), Maya Saban and others  With Bobby Hebb Astrid North recorded a new version of his classic hit Sunny  It was the first time Hebb sung this song as duett and it appeared on his last album That's All I Wanna Know 

North sang in 2006 My Ride, Spring Is Near and No One Can Tell on the album The Ride by Basic Jazz Lounge, a project by jazz trumpeter Joo Kraus  In addition, she worked as a workshop lecturer of the Popkurs at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg 
In spring 2010 North performed as the opening act of the Fakebling-Tour of Miss Platnum  The magazine Der Spiegel described her as one of the "leading ladies of the local soul scene"  On 20 July 2012 her solo debut album North was released 
On 16 September 2016 Astrid North released her second solo album, Precious Ruby, dedicated to her grandmother Precious Ruby North  North used crowdfunding to finance the album  The first single published from this album was the song Miss Lucy  In 2016 she also started her concert series North-Lichter in Berlin's Bar jeder Vernunft to which she invited singers such as Katharina Franck, Elke Brauweiler, Lizzy Scharnofske, Mia Diekow, Lisa Bassenge or Iris Romen 

Life
Astrid North was born in West Berlin, West Germany to Sondria North and Wolf-Dieter Radmann  She commuted between her birth city and her family in Houston, Texas until she was nine years old  In the USA she lived mainly with her grandparents and her time there significantly shaped her musical development Besides her music career Astrid North worked also as lecturer in Hamburg at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater and as yoga teacher  North was the mother of two children, her daughter was born in 2001 and her son in 2006  Her sister Ondria North works as make-up artist and hair stylist in the German film industry 
She died in June 2019 at the age of 45 years from pancreatic cancer 

Discography
with Cultured PearlsAlbums

1996: Sing Dela Sing (German chart position 92, 3 weeks)
1997: Space Age Honeymoon (German chart position 54, 6 weeks)
1999: Liquefied Days (German chart position 19, 9 weeks)
2002: Life on a Tuesday (German chart position 74, 1 week)Singles

1996: Tic Toc (1996) (German chart position 65, 10 weeks)
1997: Sugar Sugar Honey (German chart position 72, 9 weeks)
1998: Silverball (German chart position 99, 2 weeks)
1999: Kissing the Sheets (German chart position 87, 9 weeks)with Soulounge

2003: The Essence of the Live Event – Volume One
2004: Home
2006: Say It AllSolo

2005: Sunny (Single, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2012: North (Album, 20  Juli 2012)
2013: North Live (Album, live recordings from different venues in Germany)
2016: Sunny (Compilation, Bobby Hebb feat  Astrid North)
2016: Precious Ruby (Album, 16  September 2016)as guest singer

1994: Trouble Is – Big Light (Single)
1996: Life's Too Short – Little Red Riding Hood (Single)
2006: Basic Jazz Lounge: The Ride – Joo Kraus (Album)
Context 3:   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 2:
Love at First Sight (1985 film)
Love at First Sight (Italian: Colpo di fulmine) is a 1985 Italian comedy film directed by Marco Risi 

Plot
At the age of thirty Carlo is a chronic and complex boy, in full existential crisis, left by his wife for a more mature and self-confident man, and fired from a job he has never loved  Having reached the limit of endurance, he decides to change scenery for a while and, accepting the invitation of his historic friend Massimo, he leaves Rome to spend a few weeks in Venice, the city where man has rebuilt his life  Massimo also has a bankruptcy story behind him, from which his 11-year-old daughter Giulia was born 
Carlo has not seen his friend's daughter for some years, and when he meets Giulia for the first time, he is strangely struck  Even the girl immediately shows a strong sympathy towards her father's young friend, with a very different character compared to the adults she knows  The time spent in the lagoon soon leads Carlo to forget his ex-girlfriend, while the commitments of his parents mean that Giulia ends up spending most of her days in the company of Carlo: his adolescent soul, sometimes childish, and the character of her, a decidedly precocious child compared to her young age, means that between the two there is an unforeseeable "love at first sight"  Although it is only a platonic fall in love, as absurd as it is childish, Giulia is excited by the thing since this is her first, true love, while on the contrary Carlo is upset by the fact that he has taken a crush on a girl, moreover the daughter of his best friend  
He decides all the same to confess everything to Massimo, who obviously doesn't take it well  Nonetheless, Carlo and Giulia continue dating, living a bizarre "relationship" that is a little more than a friendship, a little less than a love, but over time all the differences that separate an adult inevitably emerge  a little girl  A simple quarrel after a spite of Giulia turns out to be enough to expose the absurdity of the state of things, writing an end to this unlikely situation  Giulia thus chooses to accept the court of one of her classmates, while Carlo, however matured as a person out of this Venetian "adventure", once back to everyday life finds a way to win back his ex-wife 

Cast
Jerry Calà: Carlo
Vanessa Gravina: Giulia
Ricky Tognazzi: Massimo
Elisabetta Giovannini: Silvia
Valeria D'Obici: Anna
Franca Scagnetti: Attilia

See also
List of Italian films of 1985
Passage 3:
Lola Ponce
Paola Fabiana Ponce (born 25 June 1979), known professionally as Lola Ponce (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlola ˈponse]), is an Argentine singer and actress 
Ponce made her breakthrough in Argentina and Latin America with her debut album Inalcanzable, which was released in 2001  She also earned a great popularity in Italy, after starring in musical Notre-Dame de Paris in Verona  Ponce has since released two more albums — Fearless (2004) and Il diario di Lola (2008) — and has performed in Spanish, Italian and English  In 2008, along with Giò Di Tonno, she won Sanremo Festival with the song "Colpo di fulmine" 
She sings in many Concerts with Andrea Bocelli and Riccardo Cocciante 

Life and career
Early life and career (1982–1997)
Lola Ponce was born in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, to Hector and María  She has two siblings, Claudia and Alejandro  Born and raised in a musical family, she formed a duo with her brother when she was only eight, performing melodic songs  Ponce took part in many festivals in Latin America as child and teenager  In 1998, she had a role in Chiquititas, a popular TV series created by Cris Morena, and signed a recording contract with producer Oscar Mediavilla in 1999  Ponce entered the University of Buenos Aires, but dropped it to pursue her music career 

Stardom (2001–present)
Ponce released her debut album Inalcanzable in 2001, achieving a great success in Latin America  In 2002, she was cast as Esméralda in theatre musical Notre-Dame de Paris, which was shown in Verona, Italy, and Barcelona, Spain  Ponce recorded two songs for the musical soundtrack, "Ave Maria Pagana" and "Ali in Gabbia, Occhi Selvaggi", and made her breakthrough in Italy and Europe  In 2004, she released her first album in English, Fearless, and in 2005 performed her song "Sleep" in the revival part of the San Remo Festival In 2008, she released third studio albums Il diario di Lola, which contains songs in Spanish, Italian and English  Ponce also won the 58th Sanremo Music Festival along with Giò Di Tonno and the song "Colpo di fulmine"  The song reached number one at Italian Singles Chart  In 2010, Ponce appeared in several television series and films, and starred the stage adaptation of Alessandro Manzoni's novel The Betrothed  She also participated in Argentine version of Dancing with the Stars, Bailando por un sueño, and released her first compilation album Lola 

Personal life
Ponce dated Italian lawyer Manuel Malenotti for five years, from 2005 to 2010



ground_truth: Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the director of film Love At First Sight (1985 Film) born?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: She began a relationship with her co-star Aarón Díaz in 2012  The pair began dating after meeting on the set of the telenovela El Talisman  They have two daughters: Erin (born February 2013) and Regina (born August 2014)  The couple got married in June 2015, in a private ceremony held in Morocco 

Discography
2001: Inalcanzable
2002: Notre-Dame de Paris
2004: Fearless
2008: Il diario di Lola
2010: Lola

Filmography
Passage 4:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 5:
Giò Di Tonno
Giovanni "Giò" Di Tonno (born 5 August 1973) is an Italian pop singer  In duo with Lola Ponce he won the 2008 edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, with the song "Colpo di fulmine" written by Gianna Nannini 

Discography
Albums
1994: Giò Di Tonno
2008: Santafè
2014: Giò
Passage 6:
Marco Risi
Marco Risi (born 4 June 1951) is an Italian film director, screenwriter, film producer and cinematographer 
Born in Milan, he is son of director Dino Risi  After graduating from Liceo Scientifico, Risi joined the faculty of philosophy, but abandoned his studies after two years  He began his career as an assistant of his uncle, Nelo Risi, for A Season in Hell (1971) and thereafter for directors such as Duccio Tessari, Steno, Alberto Sordi  He also collaborated with some scripts for films directed by his father  He made his directorial debut in 1977, with the RAI television documentary Appunti su Hollywood  After three quite successful comedy films, since 1987 Risi's cinema focused into more complex social and political issues, such as the military service seen as a traumatic experience (Soldati - 365 all'alba), the juvenile delinquency in and out of prison (Forever Mary and Boys on the Outside), the crash of Itavia Flight 870 (The Rubber Wall), the gang rape phenomenon (Il branco) and the murder of journalist Giancarlo Siani (Fort Apache Napoli) In 1989 Risi's Forever Mary won the Special Grand Prize of the Jury at the Montreal World Film Festival  For his 1990 film Boys on the Outside Risi won the David di Donatello Award for Best Director and a Silver Osella for Best Cinematography at the 47th Venice International Film Festival In 1991 Risi started, together with Maurizio Tedesco, a film production company, "Sorpasso Film"  In 1998 he won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Producer for Ferzan Özpetek's Hamam 

Filmography
I'm Going to Live by Myself (1982)
A Boy and a Girl (1984)
Love at First Sight (1985)
Soldati - 365 all'alba (1987)
Forever Mary (1989)
Boys on the Outside (1990)
The Rubber Wall (1991)
Nel continente nero (1993)
Il branco (1994)
Kaputt Mundi (1998)
Tre mogli (2001)
Maradona, the Hand of God (2007)
Fort Apache Napoli (2009)
Cha cha cha (2013)
Three Touches (2014)
Passage 7:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
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Jesse E  Hobson
Jesse Edward Hobson (May 2, 1911 – November 5, 1970) was the director of SRI International from 1947 to 1955  Prior to SRI, he was the director of the Armour Research Foundation 

Early life and education
Hobson was born in Marshall, Indiana  He received bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Purdue University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the California Institute of Technology  Hobson was also selected as a nationally outstanding engineer Hobson married Jessie Eugertha Bell on March 26, 1939, and they had five children 

Career
Awards and memberships
Hobson was named an IEEE Fellow in 1948 
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S  N  Mathur
S N  Mathur was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between September 1975 and February 1980  He was also the Director General of Police in Punjab 
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Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)



ground_truth: Milan