prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is Henri Ii, Duke Of Nemours's paternal grandfather?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen (6 August 1843 – 11 November 1919) was the daughter of Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and his wife Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel  She was the mother of Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 

Family and early life
Augusta was the only daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen  Her only sibling was Georg, who would succeed their father in 1866  Georg was seventeen years older than she was Augusta's paternal grandparents were Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg  Her maternal grandparents were William II, Elector of Hesse and Princess Augusta of Prussia, daughter of Frederick William II of Prussia 
Like her brother, Augusta was born in Meiningen  Despite the large age difference, they seemed to have a good relationship  He was a great lover of theatre; in 1856, he wrote his parents stating how happy he was that Augusta was allowed to attend the theatre and how their mother was more tolerant than she had been when he was a child, when she had declared that no child under thirteen should be allowed in the theatre 

Marriage
On 15 October 1862, Augusta married Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg in Meiningen  He was fourteen years older, and was a younger son of Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Marie Luise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin  They had five children:

Honours
Ernestine duchies: Insignia of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
 Kingdom of Bavaria: Dame of the Order of Theresa, in Diamonds
 Russian Empire: Grand Cross of St  Catherine

Ancestry
Passage 2:
Henri I, Duke of Nemours
== Biography ==
Henri of Savoy (French: Henri de Savoie) (2 November 1572 – 10 July 1632), called originally Marquis de Saint-Sorlin, was the son of Jacques of Savoy and Anna d'Este, the widow of François de Lorraine, Duke of Guise  He succeeded his brother Charles Emmanuel as Duke of Nemours 
In 1588 he took the marquisate of Saluzzo from the French for his cousin, the Duke of Savoy  The princes of Guise, his half-brothers, induced him to join the League, and in 1591 he was made governor of Dauphiné in the name of that faction  He made his submission to Henry IV in 1596  After quarrelling with the duke of Savoy he withdrew to Burgundy and joined the Spaniards in their war against Savoy  After peace had been proclaimed on November 14, 1616, he retired to the French court After his death, he was succeeded by his eldest son, Louis; on the death of Louis in 1641 by his second son Charles Amadeus; and on Charles's death in 1651 by his third son Henri   All three were the sons of his wife Anne de Lorraine (1600–1638), daughter of Charles de Lorraine, Duke of Aumale 
Passage 3:
Henri II, Duke of Nemours
Henri of Savoy (7 November 1625, Paris – 4 January 1659, Paris) was the seventh Duc de Nemours (1652–59), and was also Count of Geneva 
Henri, as the third son of Henri de Savoie, 4th Duc de Nemours, was not expected to succeed to the dukedom and entered the priesthood   By 1651, he had become Archbishop of Reims   When his brothers Louis and Charles both predeceased him without leaving sons, he was relieved of his vows and became Duc de Nemours in 1652   He married Marie d'Orleans (daughter of Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville and Louise de Bourbon) in 1657, but died two years later without children   On his death, the title of Duke of Nemours reverted to the Crown   He was succeeded as Count of Geneva by his niece, Marie Jeanne Baptiste de Savoie, Duchess of Savoy 
Passage 4:
Jacques, Duke of Nemours
Jacques de Savoie, duc de Nemours (12 October 1531 – 15 June 1585) was a French military commander, governor and Prince Étranger  Having inherited his titles at a young age, Nemours fought for king Henri II during the latter Italian Wars, seeing action at the siege of Metz and the stunning victories of Renty and Calais in 1554 and 1558  Already a commander of French infantry, he received promotion to commander of the light cavalry after the capture of Calais in 1558  A year prior he had accompanied François, Duke of Guise on his entry into Italy, as much for the purpose of campaigning as to escape the king's cousin Antoine of Navarre who was threatening to kill him for his extra-marital pursuit of Navarre's cousin 
In 1559 Henri II died during a joust, and was succeeded by his young son François II  The new administration, led by the Guise due to François' young age was plagued with religious and financial difficulties, that emboldened a conspiracy to form against it  Nemours played a key role in crushing the Conspiracy of Amboise, capturing several of the leaders, and infamously promising the baron de Castelnau that if he surrendered no harm would come to him, the baron shortly thereafter being executed despite the pleas of many nobles  
The following year he involved himself in a conspiracy to spirit away the 10-year-old Anjou from court, so that he could be 'raised in Catholic environs'  The plot was uncovered, and facing arrest, Nemours fled from court  The case against him collapsed, however, as the only evidence was the word of the young prince  Around this time a case was also looming against him for his relationship indiscretions  Françoise de Rohan being distraught that he had given her a child without fulfilling his promise to marry her, the case would gestate for the next four years until the archbishop of Lyon ruled in his favour in 1565, allowing him to marry the widowed Anne d'Este the following year  
Nemours fought during the first war of religion, fighting the baron des Adrets around Lyon and the Dauphiné  With the death of the Marshal Saint-André on the field of Dreux in December, he became the governor of the Lyonnais, an office he would hold for the next nine years before resigning it in favour of his lieutenant-general François de Mandelot 
Nemours remained close with the Guise, supporting them in their feud with the Montmorency over the assassination of the duke of Guise without notable results  Nemours was with the court during the Surprise of Meaux and successfully counselled the court to make a flight to Paris  While besieged in Paris the following month, he aided in breaking the ring the Protestants had set up around the city before Anne de Montmorency's victory at the battle of Saint Denis  With Montmorency's death on the field, the young prince, whom Nemours had once tried to lure away from court, Anjou, became lieutenant-general of the army  To support him in the practicalities of conducting the campaign Nemours was among those chosen as his advisers  During the third war of religion, Nemours was tasked with assisting Claude, Duke of Aumale, the late duke of Guise's brother in blocking an entry into France by a German mercenary force in favour of the Protestant army  Aumale and Nemours found themselves too consumed in bickering to effectively block the force, and it linked up with the main Protestant body 
By the 1570s Nemours moved away from active politics and military command  Having resigned his governorship, he devoted himself more fully to matters of the arts  Though he was suspected of involvement in the Ligues after 1576, the king was satisfied with his swearing that he did not desire the overturn of the Peace of Monsieur  In 1585, he died, and was succeeded as duke of Nemours by his son 

Early life and family
Nemours, born in 1531, was the son of Philippe, Duke of Nemours, the first holder of the title and Charlotte d'Orléans, and became Duke of Nemours on his father's death in 1533 As early as 1555 Nemours was courting Françoise de Rohan, and had given her the impression he was seeking marriage  Even now however, he was also showing interest in the duke of Guise's wife, causing much scandal at court  By 1556 Françoise had become pregnant, and tearfully pled with Nemours to go through with his promise of marrying her but he refused  The Guise, who wished to remain close with Nemours despite his indiscretions, promised him that he could marry Lucrecia d'Este instead  Upon the death of her husband Anne d'Este was left widowed  In 1565 she was ready to marry again, and married Nemours at St Maur-des-Fosses in May 1566  The king provided the majority of the dowry to secure the marriage  Nemours looked to the church to handle the situation with Françoise due to his promise to marry her  He was able to void this arrangement, to proceed with his planned marriage of Anne, much to the fury of the Rohan and Catherine de Medici  The daughter of Duke Ercole II of Ferrara and Renée of France, Anne brought with her to the marriage the county of Gisors, a title she would continue to hold until her own death in 1607 Together they had the following issue:
Charles Emmanuel (1567–1595)
Marguerite (1569–1572)
Henry I (1572–1632)
Emmanuel PhilibertBack in 1561 Nemours' scandalous behaviour regarding Françoise had been the subject of litigation as she attempted to sue Nemours into marrying her, having made her pregnant  Supporting her was her cousin Jeanne d'Albret, and Antoine of Navarre, though he withdrew his support that year  Back in 1557 he had sworn to kill Nemours and all his friends for the duke's behaviour  In 1566 the Archbishop of Lyon ruled against Françoise, and the court endorsed the ruling  Albret was furious, challenging the competence of all the members of the council that she could to rule on the case  She urged the Parlement of Paris to have jurisdiction over the case, however they refused as legally it had been sequestered from them to the attention of the king's council In 1571, 5 years after the marriage of Nemours and d'Este, the Pope endorsed the decision of the archbishop of Lyon, leading Françoise to formally convert to Protestantism The child of this illegitimate pregnancy was Henri de Savoie, comte de Genevois 

Reign of Henri II
Italian wars
Nemours fought in the recently resumed Italian Wars in 1552, fighting at the spectacular victory of the defence of Metz and the siege of Lens where he distinguished himself  In the following years he fought at the shocking French victory of the Battle of Renty in 1554 and then in Piedmont the following year In late 1556, the French invaded Italy in support of the Pope  Nemours travelled with the expedition as commander of the infantry  Alongside the usual benefits of campaign it afforded him some distance from Navarre, who wanted him dead  The campaign would achieve little of note, becoming mired in the intrigues of Italian politics  With François, Duke of Guise's remarkable capture of Calais, the king was in the mood to hand out favours to those who had participated in the victory  Claude, Duke of Aumale was made governor of Piedmont, leaving his post at the head of the light cavalry vacant  Nemours was thus granted the privilege of commander of the light cavalry in Aumale's stead 

Peace
To celebrate the end of the Italian Wars with the peace of Cateau-Cambrésis it was decided to host a joust  Henri, always a lover of martial sports, decided to participate  Also participating were François I, Duke of Nevers, Guise and Nemours  Nemours and Guise both rode against the king, Henri getting the better of his nobles in both engagements  It would be at this event that during a joust against Montgommery, the captain of his Scots Guard, Henri would be killed as a splinter of his opponent's lance embedded itself in his head 

Reign of François II
The new Guise-led administration that formed for the young François II of France was faced with a kingdom in financial and religious crisis  Opposition on both of these impetuses coalesced into the Conspiracy of Amboise where an array of nobles sought to seize the king and kill his advisers  The Guise became aware of this conspiracy, and prepared to respond militarily on its launch  Nemours, fresh off the capture of Mazères and Raunay, was tasked with reducing a château held by the baron de Castelnau, one of the ringleaders  His forces surrounded the château du Noizay but decided it would be more advantageous to reduce the fortified residence through negotiation  In an interview with the baron he was able to convince him to come peacefully, in return for a promise 'on his honour' that neither Castelnau or his followers would be executed  The administration would not however honour this promise Nemours made, either due to disinterest or due to him not mentioning it to the court  As such despite the protestations of many Catholic nobles, including Anne d'Este a man of 'good birth' would be put to death 

Reign of Charles IX
Ousted from government by the death of the young king in December 1560, the Guise retreated from court, conscious that they were unlikely to receive much office or favours under the new formal regency for Charles IX  Accompanying them on their departure in January were Nemours and Longueville 

Conspiracy
To many Catholics the environment in which the young princes were being raised appeared far too Protestant  To this end a plot was devised to spirit the young Anjou away from court so that he could be raised in properly Catholic environs such as Savoy  Nemours was implicated as a leader in this attempted conspiracy  To encourage the young prince away from the court, Nemours had enlisted the young Henri de Guise, to draw his playmate away  Having gained awareness of the plot, Catherine questioned her child as to who had tried to persuade him to leave court; the 10-year-old implicated Nemours on 29 October  Shortly thereafter Catherine ordered Nemours' arrest, and he fled court  However as she began to pursue a case against them, it became apparent that the only testimony in support would be from a 10-year-old child; as such the case against Nemours was dropped shortly thereafter and he was given permission to return to court With the departure of the Guise and their allies from the court for the second time in October 1561, Nemours was among those who joined them on their exodus  The motive for the departure was not purely religious but also factional, with Longueville, a long-time associate of the Guise, departing also, despite his Protestantism  In total their retinue numbered 700 horse, a large section of the nobility gathered at court  Their departure, alongside that of Anne de Montmorency left the regency government of Catherine de Medici with a precariously thin base of support, propped up only by the Bourbon-Vendôme and the Châtillon 

First war of religion
During the first civil war, Nemours attempted to reduce the city of Lyon which had risen up in support of the prince of Condé  He fought with the baron des Adrets in Dauphiné, and in December was in the process of negotiating a favourable truce with the infamous commander which would have seen him secure the defection of the rebel army  However, Adrets' subordinates learned of the negotiations and had him arrested  In the major field battle of the war at Dreux, the governor of the Lyonnais, Beaujolais and Forez, Marshal Saint-André was murdered on the field after having surrendered  This left a vacancy for his governate, which was to be filled by Nemours In the wake of the Edict of Amboise which brought the first civil war to a close with the provision of limited toleration to Protestants the crown desired to reconcile the factions to ensure internal peace  To this end they courted Condé, hoping to foster his loyalty  Catherine de Medici informed Anne d'Este that she had successfully reconciled Condé with Nemours and Cardinal Guise, brother of the late duke 

Feud
During the final siege of the first war of religion, the duke of Guise had been assassinated  The family blamed Gaspard II de Coligny for ordering the hit and were determined to pursue 'justice' against the Admiral  Coligny for his part came under the protection of his uncle Montmorency, who re-opened his rivalry with the Guise in defence of his nephew  In an attempt to gain the upper hand, the Guise arranged for a petition to court, from many leading nobles, arguing for the right to open a case against Coligny  Nemours was among the signatories, however the court proved uninterested, and formally suspended any investigation into the murder in early 1564 

Governor
As governor of the Lyonnais, Nemours was keen to patronise 'men of letters' and other centres of learning within his governate  As the crown increasingly loomed on the cusp of bankruptcy, the distribution of funds to its regional governors became more erratic and rare  By 1565 Nemours had accumulated 140,000 livres of debts for unpaid pensions and salaries during his tenure as governor  It was hoped by governors that these debts would be satisfied by the court when it had greater funds 

Second war of religion
Frustrated at their declining influence in court, and the increasingly restrictive direction royal policy was moving in regarding Protestantism, the leading Protestants again plotted a coup  Their aim was to seize the king while he was staying at Meaux, and to kill Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine  Their attempt was a failure and the king was able to retreat with the court to Paris after some debate  While Hôpital, the chancellor, had argued in favour of relying on the fortifications at Meaux, Nemours and Guise advocated a flight to Paris and convinced the court successfully  As they fled, they were pursued by the Protestant forces, who adapted their plan to a siege of Paris  To this end they began trying to invest the city, while Anne de Montmorency assembled an army inside for a breakout  While Montmorency was busy building an army, Nemours was among those commanders trying to relieve pressure on the city  On 7 November he successfully captured a river crossing that was vital to a successful siege of Paris  Several days later Montmorency was ready and broke out of the city, besting the Protestant army at Saint-Denis on 10 November 
During the battle of Saint-Denis, Montmorency would be killed, leaving the office of Constable of France and role as chief of the crown's military vacant  The crown had little desire to see another powerful noble family control this critical post; as such, to replace him, the king's brother Anjou was selected to lead the crown's war effort  While closer to the family, Anjou was still a child, and as such to provide him military guidance, and to actually lead the army in the field, a selection of loyal nobles were chosen  Artus de Cossé-Brissac the recently promoted Marshal, the king's cousin Louis, Duke of Montpensier and Nemours were chosen for this important role, with Cossé in overall charge 

Third war of religion
At the outset of the third war of religion, the Protestants had consolidated their movement in the south west as opposed to fighting in the north as they had previously  Nevertheless the crown was conscious that Louis of Nassau was seeking to enter France with an army from the Spanish Netherlands; to this end Charles instructed Nemours to assemble an army for the defence of Paris, however Nassau was bested at the border  In early 1569, it became clear that the duke of Zweibrücken was intending to cross into France in support of the Protestant nobility that was gathered in the west  To this end the court, little desiring to see a conjunction between the two forces, assembled a second army  Aumale was tasked with leading the blocking force in Champagne, with forces from the Rhône valley under Nemours to support him in this effort  The two commanders did not get along, and their constant conflict enabled Zweibrücken to slip past them through the Franche-Comté and establish contact with the Protestants under Gaspard II de Coligny  The mutinous remains of their combined army linked with the main royal force under the king's brother Anjou at Limoges 

Withdrawal
By 1571, Nemours wished to resign his governorship of the Lyonnais  He chose to do so in favour of his lieutenant-general in the region, and former page François de Mandelot  This arrangement had been very unusual in the early 16th century, with the choice of governors defaulting to the crown on the resignation or death of a sitting governor; however by the 1560s it was becoming increasingly common  Mandelot would govern the Lyonnais until his death in 1588 

Reign of Henri III
Malcontents
By 1575 Protestants were no longer the only ones in rebellion, as the Malcontent movement swept up many politiques who wished for religious compromise to secure stability in the kingdom  Nevers warned the king's younger brother Alençon, not to take the opportunity presented, saying that those who rebelled against the authority of the king did not triumph  Yet Alençon saw this movement as conducive to his own power, and aligned himself with the Malcontents, releasing a manifesto in which he denounced the influence of 'foreigners' and calling for their exclusion from the estates general  By this term he referred to the Guise, who were from Lorraine, and the duke of Nevers and Nemours, both of whom were of Italian descent  While Alençon would succeed in securing favourable terms for himself in the Peace of Monsieur, Nemours and Nevers would remain active in court life 

Ligue
In response to the generous Peace of Monsieur which brought the fifth war of religion to a close, militant Catholics reacted with fury  Many across France began forming religious leagues, the most popular model of which was that created by Jacques d'Humières in Peronne which began to spread across France  Henri suspected the involvement of Henri, Duke of Guise, Charles, Duke of Mayenne and Nemours as ringleaders of this ligue and made them all swear oaths to abide by the terms of the peace of Monsieur  Frustrated at his continued inability to contain the movement, he declared himself to be at its head, and was compelled by the Estates General of 1576 to void the peace and make war on the Protestants again Having primarily devoted his final years to letters and art, he died at Annecy in 1585 

Ancestry
Passage 5:
Jean d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours
Jean d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours (1467–1500) was the son of Jacques d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours and Louise of Anjou  His father's possessions were confiscated on his execution in 1477, but Jean was restored to Nemours and the family's other lands in 1484  He led a dissipated life, and his siblings sued him to prevent him from alienating the family lands to pay his debts  In 1489, he traded the viscounties of Carlat and Murat to Peter II, Duke of Bourbon for the county of l'Isle-Jourdain 
He married Yolande de La Haye (d  1517) in 1492, but had no children  He was succeeded by his brother Louis, Count of Guise 
Passage 6:
Maria of Brabant, Duchess of Bavaria
Maria of Brabant (1226–1256) was a daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and Maria of Swabia  She married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria, being the first of three wives 

Background
Maria was the daughter of Duke Henry II of Brabant and Lorraine from his first marriage to Maria of Swabia, daughter of King Philip of Swabia  The younger Maria's siblings included Henry III, Duke of Brabant and Matilda of Brabant  After her mother's death her father married Sophie of Thuringia; from this marriage she gained two half-siblings, including Henry I of Hesse 

Betrothals and marriage
On 2 August 1254, Maria married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria  The couple were married for only two years, during which time they had no children 

Execution
Maria was executed by beheading in Donauwörth in 1256 after having been accused of adultery by her husband  It was later determined that Louis had not proven his case, and in fact had not presented any valid evidence of adultery; as penance, he founded the Cistercian friary Fürstenfeld Abbey (Fürstenfeldbruck) near Munich 
Different sources give varying accounts  According to the chronicle of Esiah Wilpacher, Louis was at war with the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg  Maria's confessor, allegedly in league with the bishop, persuaded her to write her husband requesting he end the siege and return home  When this failed, she then wrote to one of his vassals, who being away from camp, Louis received the letter  Recognizing the handwriting, he read it and construed it as indicating she was having an affair Over time a great many tales of folklore sprang up around Louis' deed, most of them written long after his death: Ballad-mongers embellished the tale into a murderous frenzy during which Louis allegedly not only killed his wife after having ridden home for five days and nights, but also stabbed the messenger who brought him the wrong letter; then upon entering his castle, stabbed his own castellan and a court lady and threw his wife's maid from the battlements, before he massacred his wife either by stabbing her or cutting off her head  More restrained chronicles support the account of Marie's execution on 18 January 1256 at Mangoldstein Castle in Donauwörth by ducal decree for alleged adultery, but nothing beyond that 
Maria is said to be the basis for the legendary Genevieve of Brabant in Dutch folklore 
Passage 7:
Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti
Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (11 October 1629 – 26 February 1666), was a French nobleman, the younger son of Henri II, Prince of Condé and Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Montmorency  He was the brother of le Grand Condé and Anne Geneviève, Duchess of Longueville  As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, he was a Prince du Sang 

Early life
The title of Prince of Conti was revived in his favor at the time of his birth in 1629  With the title Armand also inherited the Château de L'Isle-Adam and its estate, which had been passed down to his mother Charlotte Marguerite after the death of her brother, Henri II de Montmorency  He was destined for a clerical career and studied theology at the university of Bourges, but although he received several benefices, including the abbeys of Cluny and Saint Denis, he did not take orders  He played a conspicuous part in the intrigues and fighting of the Fronde, became in 1648 commander-in-chief of the rebel army, and in 1650 was with his brother (Condé) and brother-in-law (Longueville) imprisoned at Vincennes 

Life in prison
Said to be "mystic" and "full of strange ideas", Conti turned slightly mad while in prison  Having a secret passion for his sister the Duchess of Longueville, he invented tricks to make her notice him  He tried alchemy and potions for some time and eventually bruised himself with a spatula  This episode was ultimately fortunate for him because he could no longer be refused external help from physicians, some of whom would pass letters and pleas to the outside world which speeded up his eventual release 

Later life
Released when Cardinal Mazarin went into exile, he wished to marry Charlotte-Marie de Lorraine (1627–1652), the second daughter of Madame de Chevreuse, the confidante of the queen, Anne of Austria (wife of King Louis XIII of France), but was prevented from doing so by his brother Condé, who was now supreme in the state  He was concerned in the Fronde of 1651, but soon afterwards became reconciled with Cardinal Mazarin, and in 1654, married the cardinal's niece, Anne Marie Martinozzi, as well as secured the government of Guienne  They had two sons, Louis Armand and François Louis 
He took command of the army, which in 1654, invaded Spain through Catalonia, where he captured three towns from the Spanish  He afterwards led the French forces in Italy, but after his defeat before Alessandria in 1657, he retired to Languedoc, where he devoted himself to study and mysticism until his death At Clermont, Conti had been a fellow student of Molière's, from whom he secured an introduction to the court of King Louis XIV, but afterwards, when writing a treatise against the stage entitled, Traité de la comédie et des spectacles selon les traditions de l'Église (Paris, 1667), he charged the dramatist with keeping a school of atheism  Conti also wrote Lettres sur la grâce, and Du devoir des grands et des devoirs des gouverneurs de province Conti died on 26 February 1666 at Pézenas in Languedoc, France 

Issue
Armand married Anne Marie Martinozzi, the daughter of Girolamo Martinozzi and Laura Margherita Mazzarini, elder sister of Cardinal Mazarin  They had the following children:

Louis de Bourbon (1658), died in infancy 
Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (1661–1685), married Marie Anne de Bourbon, the eldest legitimised daughter of King Louis XIV and his mistress, Louise de La Vallière, and died childless 
François Louis, Prince of Conti (1664–1709), known as "le Grand Conti", married Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, daughter of Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (Armand's nephew), and had issue 

Ancestry
Passage 8:
Denis Sauvage
Denis Sauvage (1520–1587) was a French translator, historian, publisher, philologist, and historiographer at the service of Henry II of Henri II 

Publications
History
Sommaire des histoires du royaume de Naples : qui traicte de toutes choses advenues en iceluy, composé premièrement en langage italien par M  Pandolfo Collenuccio, et depuis n'aguères mis en françois par Denis Sauvage, avecques annotations (1546 ; 1553)
Les Annales et croniques de France, jadis composées par feu maistre Nicole Gilles, imprimées nouvellement sur la correction du signeur Denis Sauvage, et additionnées jusques à cest an mil cinq cens cinquante trois (1553)
Les Mémoires de messire Philippe de Commines, chevalier, seigneur d'Argenton : sur les principaux faicts, & gestes de Louis onziéme & de Charles huictiéme, son filz, Roys de France, Reveus & corrigés, pour la seconde fois, par Denis Sauvage de Fontenailles en Brie, historiographe de très-chrestien roy Henry IIe de ce nom (1559 ; 1561 ; 1581)  Texte en ligne : [1] et [2]
Le premier volume de l'Histoire et cronique de Messire Iehan Froissart, reveu et corrigé sus divers exemplaires et suyvant les bons auteurs, par Denis Sauvage, le second volume de l'Histoire et cronique de Messire Iehan Froissart ; le tiers volume de l'Histoire et cronique de Messire Iehan Froissart ; le quart volume de l'Histoire et cronique de Messire Iehan Froissart (1559–60)  Texte en ligne : [3]
Cronique de Flandres, anciennement composée par auteur incertain et nouvellement mise en lumière (1562) 
Les Mémoires de messire Olivier de La Marche, premier maistre d'hostel de l'archeduc Philippe d'Austriche, comte de Flandres (1562)
Les Croniques et annales de France composées par feu maistre Nicole Gilles, nouvellement imprimées sur la correction de maistre Denis Sauvage, et additionnées jusques au roy Charles neufiesme à présent régnant (1571)

Translations
La Circé de M  Giovan Baptista Gello, nouvellement mise en françois (1550)
Philosophie d'amour de M  Léon Hébreu, traduite d'italien en françois (1577 ; 1580 ; 1590 ; 1893)  Read online : [4]
Histoire de Paolo Giovio, sur les choses faictes et avenues de son temps en toutes les parties du monde, traduictes du latin en françois (2 volumes, 1581)
Opuscule des vertus et notables faictes des femmes, de Plutarque, 1546 
Passage 9:
Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours
Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours (1472; Normandy, France – 28 April 1503; Cerignola, Italy), was a French nobleman, politician and military commander who served as Viceroy of Naples during the Third Italian War (1502-1504)  He was known for most of his life as the Count of Guise, and inherited the Duchy of Nemours following his brother Jean's death in 1500 

Family
Louis was the third son of Jacques d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours and Louise of Anjou  In 1491, he was made Count of Guise, a title last held by his uncle Charles IV, Duke of Anjou  Upon the death of his elder brother Jean in 1500, he became Duke of Nemours 

Viceroy of Naples
Louis was made  viceroy of Naples in 1501, during the Third Italian War (1502-1504)  He was killed at the battle of Cerignola on 28 April 1503 

Notes
Sources
Cuttler, S  H  (2003)  The Law of Treason and Treason Trials in Later Medieval France  Cambridge University Press 
Potter, David (2008)  Renaissance France at war: Armies, Culture and Society, c 1480-1560  Boydell Press 
Passage 10:
Philip, Duke of Nemours
Philip of Savoy, Duke of Nemours (1490 – 25 November 1533) was a French nobleman   He was a son of Philip II, Duke of Savoy, and his second wife Claudine de Brosse  He was a half-brother of Louise of Savoy, the mother of Francis I of France  He was the founder of the Nemours branch of the house of Savoy which eventually settled in France 
Originally destined for the priesthood, he was given the bishopric of Geneva at the age of five, but resigned it in 1510, when he was made count of Genevois  He served under Louis XII, with whom he was present at the battle of Agnadello (1509), under the emperor Charles V in 1520, and finally under his nephew, Francis I 
In 1528 Francis gave him the duchy of Nemours and married him to Charlotte of Orleans, a daughter of  Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville  They had two children:

Joanna (1532–1568), who married Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur as his second wife, and had 6 children with him, and
Jacques, Duke of Nemours
Context 2: Passage 1:
Buck Lake (Alberta)
Buck Lake is a lake in Alberta; part of the North Saskatchewan River system 
The hamlet of Buck Lake is situated on the southwest shore of the lake  The Buck Lake-Calhoun's Bay Provincial Recreation Area, with campsites and water supply, is located on the central eastern shore  While the shoreline of Buck Lake is home to several developments, including Greystones and Oakes Bay on the north east arm, most of the shoreline remains undeveloped  The Buck Mountain Provincial Grazing Reserve is located on the north shoreline, and includes the outflow point of Bucklake Creek  Buck Lake is set amidst gently rolling hills in the County of Wetaskiwin, 105 km southwest of the city of Edmonton and 70 km north of the town of Rocky  Mountain House  Buck Lake is also home to the world famous “Blue Pearl”  The paddle boat ranked #1 in all of Buck Lake in 2020 and 2021 
Passage 2:
Howard Lake (Northwest Territories)
Howard Lake is a lake in the Northwest Territories, Canada 

See also
List of lakes in the Northwest Territories
Passage 3:
North Buck Lake (Alberta)
North Buck Lake is a lake in Alberta, Canada 
Passage 4:
Loon Lake, British Columbia
Loon Lake, British Columbia may refer to one of a number of lakes in this province of Canada with this precise name or to others with similar names 

Lakes with this name
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Lillooet Land District)
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Alberni Land District) 49 253333°N 124 699722°W﻿ / 49 253333; -124 699722
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Queen Charlotte Land District) 53 699722°N 132 095278°W﻿ / 53 699722; -132 095278
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Kamloops Division Yale Land District) 49 890556°N 120 536389°W﻿ / 49 890556; -120 536389
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Kootenay Land District) 49 713889°N 116 914722°W﻿ / 49 713889; -116 914722
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Osoyoos Division Yale Land District) 50 105°N 119 133889°W﻿ / 50 105; -119 133889
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Kootenay Land District) 49 113611°N 115 106389°W﻿ / 49 113611; -115 106389
Loon Lake, British Columbia (Kootenay Land District) 51
Context 3: Passage 1:
Husain Bey, Crown Prince of Tunisia
Husain Bey Gouta, Crown Prince of Tunisia (22 April 1893 – 22 April 1969) was the titular head of the Husainid Dynasty  He was the third son of Muhammad V al-Nasir, Bey of Tunis, by his second wife, Lalla Husn ul-Ujud, from 1906 until 1922 

Biography
Husain Bey Gouta was born in Sidi Bou Said  He was educated at the Prytanée National Militaire school situated in the city of La Flèche in western France  At the time of attending the Prytanée National Militaire school, Tunisia was a French protectorate 
On 1 October 1955, Husain Bey Gouta was invested as the heir apparent of the Beylik of Tunis, receiving the title Bey al-Mahalla, meaning Bey of the Camp  This is a title used for the most senior member of the Beylical family after the reigning Bey  In addition to becoming Bey al-Mahalla, he also became a Lieutenant General in the Beylical Army  Following Tunisia's independence from France on 20 March 1956, Husain Bey received the new title of Crown Prince following its independence as a Kingdom 
Husain Bey Gouta's chances of ascending the throne came to an end on 25 July 1957, when the prime minister, Habib Bourguiba, usurped power and abolished the monarchy  Following the death of King Muhammad VIII al-Amin on 30 September 1962, Husain Bey Gouta succeeded as head of the Husainid Dynasty as Head of the Royal House of Tunisia, and of the Nishan ad-Dam, Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman, and the Nishan al-Iftikhar and remained so until his death, when he was succeeded by Prince Mustafa Bey Gouta  He was Sovereign and Grand Master of the Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman, Nishan ad-Dam, and Nishan al-Iftikhar 
He was decorated with the Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman al-Murassa on 1 October 1955, Nishan ad-Dam, Grand Cross of the Nishan al-Iftikhar, Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour of France, the Sharifian Order of Al-Alaoui of Morocco, etc 
He died in Sidi Bou Said  Some sources stated he died in October 1964 

Marriage and children
Husain Bey Gouta was married on 22 July 1914, at the Dar al-Taj Palace in La Marsa as his only wife to Lalla Aisha Maria, the daughter of Si Ahmad bin Abdullah Maria, an Italian convert to Islam, and his wife Princess Traki, eldest daughter of Sidi Husain Bey, Bey al-Taula  Husain and Aisha had five children: 

Prince Ali Bey Gouta (1915–1945) 
Princess Husn al-Ujud Gouta (born 1918) 
Prince Murad Bey Gouta (1919–2005) 
Prince Muhammad al-Afif Bey Gouta (1926–1985) 
Prince Muhammad Bey Gouta (1934–1934) 

Ancestry


== External links ==
Passage 2:
Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Yūsuf ibn Abd al-Muʾmin al-Manṣūr (Arabic: أبو يوسف يعقوب بن يوسف بن عبد المؤمن المنصور; c  1160 – 23 January 1199 Marrakesh), commonly known as Yaqub al-Mansur (يعقوب المنصور) or Moulay Yacoub (مولاي يعقوب), was the third Almohad Caliph  Succeeding his father, al-Mansur reigned from 1184 to 1199  His reign was distinguished by the flourishing of trade, architecture, philosophy and the sciences, as well as by victorious military campaigns in which he was successful in repelling the tide of the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula 

Military actions
Al-Mansur's father was killed in Portugal on 29 July 1184; upon reaching Seville with his father's body on 10 August, he was immediately proclaimed the new caliph  Al-Mansur vowed revenge for his father's death, but fighting with the Banu Ghaniya, delayed him in Africa  After inflicting a new defeat on the Banu Ghaniya, he set off for the Iberian Peninsula to avenge his father's death 
His 13 July 1190 siege of Tomar, center of the Portuguese Templars failed to capture the fortress  However, further south he in 1191 recaptured a major fortress, Paderne Castle and the surrounding territory near Albufeira, in the Algarve – which had been controlled by the Portuguese army of King Sancho I since 1182  Having inflicted other defeats on the Christians and captured major cities, he returned to the Maghreb with three thousand Christian captives 
Upon Al-Mansur's return to Africa, however, Christians in Iberian Peninsula resumed the offensive, capturing many of the Moorish cities, including Silves, Vera, and Beja 
When Al-Mansur heard this news, he returned to the Iberian Peninsula, and defeated the Christians again  This time, many were taken in chained groups of fifty each, and later sold in Africa as slaves 
While Al-Mansur was away in Africa, the Christians mounted the largest army of that period, of over 300,000 men, to defeat Al-Mansur  However, immediately upon hearing this, Al-Mansur returned again to Iberia and defeated Castilian King Alfonso VIII Alfonso's army in the Battle of Alarcos, on 18 July 1195  It was said that Al-Mansur's forces killed 150,000 and took money, valuables and other goods "beyond calculation"  It was after this victory that he took the title al-Mansur Billah ("Made Victorious by God") 

Internal policy
Architectural patronage
During his reign, Al-Mansur undertook several major construction projects  He added a monumental gate to the Kasbah of the Udayas in Rabat and he may have been responsible for finishing the construction of the current Kutubiyya Mosque in Marrakesh   He also created a vast royal citadel and palace complex in Marrakesh which subsequently remained the seat of government in the city for centuries afterward  This royal district included the Kasbah Mosque (or El-Mansuriyya Mosque) in Marrakesh and was accessed via the monumental gate of Bab Agnaou, both dating from al-Mansur's time  He also embarked on the construction of an even bigger fortified capital in Rabat, where he attempted to build what would have been the world's largest mosque  However, construction on the mosque and on this new citadel stopped after his death  Only the beginnings of the mosque had been completed, including a large part of its massive minaret now known as the Hassan Tower 
Some of Rabat's historic gates, most notably Bab er-Rouah, also date from this time, one of Al-Mansur's famous works is the Bimaristan of Marrakesh, the first hospital in Morocco to be ever built, Al-Mansur embellished it with luxurious ornaments and sculptures, it had gardens, water canals attached to it and it was Funded personally by Almohad's government, it is said that Averroes worked there for some time 

Philosophy and religion
Al-Mansur protected the philosopher Averroes and kept him as a favorite at court  Like many of the Almohad caliphs, Al-Mansur was religiously learned  He favored the Zahirite or literalist school of Muslim jurisprudence per Almohad doctrine and possessed a relatively extensive education in the Muslim prophetic tradition; he even wrote his own book on the recorded statements and actions of the prophet Muhammad  Mansur's Zahirism was clear when he ordered his judges to exercise judgment only according to the Qur'an, said recorded statements and absolute consensus  Mansur's father Abu Yaqub appointed Cordoban polymath Ibn Maḍāʾ as chief judge, and the two of them oversaw the banning of all non-Zahirite religious books during the Almohad reforms; Mansur was not satisfied, and when he inherited the throne he ordered Ibn Maḍāʾ to actually undertake the burning of such books 

Death and legacy
He died on 23 January 1199 in Marrakech His victory in Alarcos was remembered for centuries later, when the tide of war turned against the Muslim side  It is recounted by the historian Ibn Abi Zar in his 1326 Rawd al-Qirtas ("History of the Rulers of the Maghreb") The town of Moulay Yacoub, outside of Fez, Morocco, is named after Al-Mansur, and is best known for its therapeutic hot springs 
Passage 3:
Umar of Borno
Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin (Arabic: اولعمر ابن محمد لرشيد) or Umar of Borno (died 1881) was Shehu (Sheik) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire and son of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi 

Reign of Umar
Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837  Umar did not match his father's vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers (wazirs)  Umar ruled from 1837 until November 1853 when he was deposed by his brother `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin who became Shehu  The latter only reigned until 1854 when Umar reconquered his throne Umar ruled as Shehu for a second time from September 1854 to 1880  Borno began to decline, as a result of administrative disorganization, regional particularism, and attacks by the militant Ouaddai Empire to the east  The decline continued under Umar's sons, and in 1894 Rabih az-Zubayr, leading an invading army from eastern Sudan, conquered Borno 

Dynasty
Footnotes
Bibliography
Brenner, Louis, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973) 
Cohen, Ronald, The Kanuri of Bornu, Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967) 
Denham, Dixon  and Captain Clapperton and the Late Doctor Oudney, Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, (Boston: Cummings, Hilliards and Co , 1826) 
Isichei, Elizabeth, A History of African Societies to 1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp  318–320, ISBN 0-521-45599-5 
Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in General history of Africa, ed  by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp  238–265 
Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in Histoire Generale De l'Afrique, Rev  ed  (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp  599–646 
Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd  2, Frankfurt a  M  1993: 179-186 
Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore (2005)  Africa Since 1800, Fifth Edition  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press  ISBN 0-521-83615-8 
Palmer, Herbert Richmond, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936) 
Taher, Mohamed (1997)  Encyclopedic Survey of Islamic Dynasties A Continuing Series  New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT  LTD  ISBN 81-261-0403-1 

External links
Kanuri Studies Association
Passage 4:
Muhammad al-Nasir
Muhammad al-Nasir (Arabic: الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور, al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr, c  1182 – 1213) was the fourth Almohad Caliph from 1199 until his death  Contemporary Christians referred to him as Miramamolin           
On 25 January 1199, al-Nasir's father Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur died; al-Nasir was proclaimed the new caliph that very day  Al-Nasir inherited from his father an empire that was showing signs of instability  Because of his father's victories against the Christians in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus), he was temporarily relieved from serious threats on that front and able to concentrate on combating and defeating Banu Ghaniya attempts to seize Ifriqiya (Tunisia)  Needing, after this, to deal with problems elsewhere in the empire, he appointed Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as governor of Ifriqiya, so unwittingly inaugurating the rule of the Hafsid dynasty there, which lasted until 1574 

Dynasty and Iberian presence
He now had to turn his attention back to Iberia, to deal with a Crusade proclaimed by Pope Innocent III at the request of King Alfonso VIII of Castile  This resulted in his defeat by a Christian coalition at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)  He died the following year, and was succeeded by his young son Yusuf al-Mustansir, born of Christian slave Qamar 

Relationship with King John of England
In the early 13th century, John, King of England was under pressure after a quarrel with Pope Innocent III led to England being placed under an interdict, by which all forms of worship and other religious practices were banned  John himself was excommunicated, parts of the country were in revolt and there were threats of a French invasion Writing two decades after the events, Matthew Paris, a St Albans chronicler of the early thirteenth century, claims that, in desperation, John sent envoys to al-Nâsir asking for his help  In return John offered to convert to Islam, to make the country at disposal of the caliph and turn England into a Muslim state  Among the delegates was Master Robert, a London cleric  Al-Nâsir was said to be so disgusted by John's grovelling plea that he sent the envoys away  Historians have cast doubt on this story, due to the lack of other contemporary evidence 

Viziers
Abu Zayd bin Yujan (1198–1199)
Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs (1199–1205), the future governor of Ifriqiya (see above)
Abu Sa`id Uthman ibn Jam`i (1205–1214)
Passage 5:
Clare Nasir
Clare Lyn Nasir (born 20 June 1970) is an English meteorologist, author, and TV presenter 

Early life
Born in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, Nasir's family is musical, with Nasir playing the saxophone, while three of her brothers are professional musicians  Nasir attended Kingsbrook School in South Northamptonshire, where in 1988 she obtained A-levels in Mathematics, Geography and History  She then studied at the University of Plymouth, graduating with an honours degree in Mathematics, continuing on with her master's degree in Applied Marine Sciences 

Career
After university studies, Nasir joined the Met Office, training to become a qualified weather forecaster



ground_truth: Jacques

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are both Howard Lake (British Columbia) and North Buck Lake (Alberta) located in the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 055833°N 116 805°W﻿ / 51 055833; -116 805
Loon Lake, British Columbia (New Westminster Land District) 49 31°N 122 588333°W﻿ / 49 31; -122 588333

Lakes with similar names
Upper Loon Lake, British Columbia (Lillooet Land District) 51 188611°N 121 037222°W﻿ / 51 188611; -121 037222
Big Loon Lake, British Columbia (Range 5 Coast Land District) 54 764167°N 125 836667°W﻿ / 54 764167; -125 836667
Passage 5:
Howard Lake (Wright County, Minnesota)
Howard Lake is a lake in Wright County, in the U S  state of Minnesota Howard Lake was named for John Howard (prison reformer) (1726–1790), an English prison reformer of the 18th century 

See also
List of lakes in Minnesota
Passage 6:
Howard Lake (British Columbia)
Howard Lake is a lake in British Columbia, Canada  It is located approximately 50 km northeast of 100 Mile House 

External links
BC Adventure (Tourism)
Passage 7:
Howard Lake (Cook County, Minnesota)
Howard Lake is a lake in Cook County, Minnesota, in the United States Howard Lake was named for a local mining prospector 

See also
List of lakes in Minnesota
Passage 8:
Howard Lake (Mendocino County)
Howard Lake is a natural lake in northwestern Mendocino County, California, located in the Mendocino National Forest at an elevation of 3,852 feet (1,174 m)  It covers an area of 20 acres (8 1 ha)  The lake hosts a small campground and is a popular primitive camping experience  In some years, the U S  Forest Service stocks the lake with rainbow trout Howard Lake should not be confused with the lake of the same name located 21 miles (34 km) to the southwest 

See also
List of lakes in California
Passage 9:
Buck Lake
Buck Lake may refer to:

Buck Lake, Alberta, a hamlet in Canada
Buck Lake (Alberta), a lake in Alberta, Canada
Buck Lake 133C, an Indian reserve in Alberta, Canada
Buck Lake (Ontario), a lake in Ontario, Canada

See also
Bucks Lake
Passage 10:
Howard Lake (central Mendocino County)
Howard Lake is a lake in the U S  state of California  The elevation of the lake is 2992 feet 
Context 3: Two years later, Nasir joined the Met Office's London Weather Centre, offering weather forecasting and presenting services to London radio stations and media outlets  Subsequently, she took a position as forecaster and presenter for Anglia Television in 1997  She returned to London to work for Carlton Television in 1998 
In 2000 Nasir joined GMTV as maternity leave cover for regular weather forecaster Andrea McLean, however this led to a permanent contract, with her sharing duties with McLean following her return 
In 2001 Nasir was made weather producer and presenter being responsible for all weather output and weather-related features on GMTV  GMTV forecasts include outside broadcasts, the most famous of which involves Nasir reporting from Bridlington seafront  Being lashed by wind and rain, in the middle of the report an enormous wave burst over the harbour wall, completely covering her and sending her flying out of shot  Undeterred, she picked herself up and finished her report, having to speak directly into the boom microphone as she had lost her microphone pack As well as presenting the weather on GMTV, Nasir has hosted several series, including "Interactive Wedding", the travel series "Great Escapes", and "Extreme Weather", wherein she investigated globally changing weather patterns 
In 2007 Nasir served as one of many panelists on Through the Keyhole 
On 1 August 2010, the Daily Mirror announced Nasir was to quit GMTV prior to the following month, to launch a fitness DVD  On 3 September 2010, on the final broadcast of GMTV, Nasir presented her last weather forecast 
From 20 November 2010 until 27 October 2013, Nasir presented weather forecasts for the ITN produced regional news programme ITV News London on ITV London 
In 2011, Nasir completed a diploma in International Environmental Policy from the Open University In February 2012, Nasir appeared as a celebrity guest on the Channel 5 TV show, "Live With    " and spoke of her journey of having achieved her goal of having a baby Nasir has written a regular weather-related blog column for The Huffington Post (UK) In June 2012 Nasir presented weather forecasts for the ITN produced 5 News on Channel 5 to cover for Sian Welby while she is on holiday or a break 
As of 4 October 2013, Nasir has presented weather forecasts for the BBC North West produced regional news programme BBC North West Tonight as well as Look North for Yorkshire and Look North for Lincolnshire and Yorkshire 
Since 2016, Nasir has hosted the weather bulletins for the Met Office online  Nasir has also written a series of children's books including Colin The Cloud 
On 31 October 2016, Nasir joined as full-time weather forecaster for 5 News on Channel 5 

Filmography
Personal life
Nasir has been married to DJ Chris Hawkins since March 2005  She gave birth to a daughter on 11 November 2009, seven weeks early  Clare took maternity leave from GMTV for 5 months from October 2009 to February 2010 
In 2012, Nasir and Hawkins moved to Wilmslow as Hawkins continues working for BBC Radio 6 Music at MediaCityUK Nasir's brother Matt plays in Frank Turner's backing band, The Sleeping Souls 

Books
COLIN THE CLOUD  (2014) Rudling House 
STEVE THE STRATUS  (2015) Rudling House 
What Does Rain Smell Like? (2019)
Passage 6:
Muhammad Nasir
Muhammad Nasir (born 28 March 1937) is a Pakistani boxer  He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics 
Passage 7:
Mohammad Jibran Nasir
Mohammad Jibran Nasir  (Urdu: محمد جبران ناصر; born 10 February 1987) is a Pakistani civil rights activist, and lawyer 

Early life and education
Nasir was born on 10 February 1987 in Karachi, Pakistan  He completed his O-Levels from Saint Michael's Convent School in Karachi, A-Levels from The Lyceum School in Karachi, and went to the University of London International Programme for Bachelor of Law (LLB Hons )  Later, he completed LLM in International Commercial Law from the University of Northumbria, UK 

Activism
He is a lawyer by profession and is known for criticizing state policies regarding banned organisations in Pakistan and call attention to the need for protection of minorities Nasir has been a trustee at Elaj Trust and involved in relief work through Elaj Trust  He founded the NGO, Never Forget Pakistan and is also involved in advocacy for marginalised communities through Pakistan For All Nasir became prominent following the December 2014's Peshawar's school attack which led to 150 dead after he led the procession calling for the arrest of Lal Masjid cleric Abdul Aziz, for which he subsequently received alleged threats from Taliban spokesman He was noted by Foreign Policy Magazine amongst the three Pakistanis making considerable effort against sectarian violence In January 2015, Nasir played a key role in organising a new movement to "Reclaim Pakistan" from violent extremism and played a major role in organising demonstrations carrying playcards and candles  Nasir had been leading protests against terrorism in Pakistan, and was arrested on 5 February 2015 for protesting near the Chief Minister's residence along with other Civil Society activists  Later on the same day, Nasir was released by the Karachi Police   Following his release he addressed protesters gathered and reiterated his 15-day ultimatum to government for taking action against banned organizations In 2017, Nasir filed a complaint with Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) alleging Aamir Liaquat Hussain in his TV show of running a defamatory and life-threatening campaign against him  Following which PEMRA banned TV show of Aamir Liaquat  Rawalpindi police also registered a case against Aamir Liaquat for threatening the life of Nasir  Amnesty International  in a letter to Interior Minister of Pakistan called on the government to take action to protect the lives and rights of activists including of Nasir due to harassment and threats by Aamir Liaquat 

Political career
Nasir ran for seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan and Provincial Assembly of Sindh as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-250 (Karachi-XII) and Constituency PS-113 (Karachi-XXV) respectively in 2013 Pakistani general election, but was unsuccessful after securing a meager 259 votes for the NA seat  He lost the National Assembly seat to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's candidate Arif Alvi and Sindh Assembly seat to Samar Ali Khan  NA-250 was described as one of the most hotly contested seats for the National Assembly  After the 2018 delimitation, the NA-250 constituency was renamed NA-247 In June 2018, he announced to contest in 2018 Pakistani general election as an independent candidate, for the seat of the National Assembly from Constituency NA-247 and for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from Constituency PS-111  His election campaign was titled "Hum Mein Se Aik"  Despite numerous publicity campaigns, he lost elections for both the national and provincial assembly seats by substantial margins 
He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from Constituency PS-111 as an independent candidate in by-election held on 21 October 2018, but was unsuccessful 
Passage 8:
Shoaib Nasir
Shoaib Nasir (born 26 February 1983) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer who plays for Rawalpindi 
Passage 9:
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi al-Amri (Arabic: عُثْمَان ٱبْن سَعِيد ٱلْأَسَدِيّ عَمْرِوْيّ ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd al-ʾAsadīy al-ʿAmrīy) was the first of the Four Deputies, who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE)  Uthman is also said to have been a trusted representative of the tenth and eleventh Imams, Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively  The date of his death is not certain, though it is believed that Uthman did not survive al-Askari for long 

Historical background
Until their deaths, the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams (Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively) were held under close surveillance in the garrison town of Samarra by the Abbasids, who are often responsible in Shia sources for poisoning the two Imams  The two Imams witnessed the deterioration of the Abbasid caliphate, as the imperial authority rapidly transitioned into the hands of the Turks, particularly after al-Mutawakkil Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil violently prosecuted the Shia, partly due to the renewed Zaydi opposition  The restrictive policies of al-Mutawakkil towards the tenth Imam were later adopted by his son, al-Mu'tamid, who is reported to have kept the eleventh Imam under house arrest without any visitors  Instead, al-Askari is known to have mainly communicated with his followers through a network of representatives  Among them was Uthman ibn Sa'id, who is said to have disguised himself as a seller of cooking fat to avoid the Abbasid agents, hence his nickname al-Samman  Tabatabai suggests that these restrictions were placed on al-Askari because the caliphate had come to know about traditions among the Shia elite, predicting that the eleventh Imam would father the eschatological Mahdi 

Underground network
The underground network of representatives might date back to Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam, in response to the Abbasid restrictions on him  At the time, the main purpose of this network was to collect the Islamic alms, such as khums and zakat  The Abbasid al-Rashid is said to have carried out a campaign of arrests in 179 (795) to decimate this underground network which ultimately led to the arrest of Musa al-Kazim, the seventh Imam, and his death in prison By the time of Muhammad al-Jawad, the ninth Imam, some of the representatives took administrative and military roles in the caliphate by practicing religious dissimulation (taqiya)  The underground network of Ali al-Hadi, the tenth Imam, was highly developed, especially in Samarra, Baghdad, Mada'in, and Sawad  However, a campaign of arrests and the subsequent tortures by the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil (r  847–861) might have led the caliph to discover that the Imam was behind their activities  Al-Mutawakkil then summoned the Imam to Samarra, where he was kept under close surveillance and possibly house arrest  According to Hussain, restrictions on the later Imams inevitably expanded the role and authority of their representatives, particularly their main agent  By performing certain functions of the Imams, these representatives might have hoped to save the Imams from the political pressure of the Abbasids 

Tenure as an agent of al-Hadi
Uthman was a close associate of the tenth Imam, Ali al-Hadi  It is reported that he was eleven when he first served as an agent for this Imam 

Tenure as an agent of al-Askari
After the death of al-Hadi in 254 (868), his successor, Hasan al-Askari, appointed Uthman as a representative in 256 (869-70)  It also seems certain that Uthman became the closest associate of the eleventh Imam  Both al-Hadi and al-Askari are said to have praised Uthman as highly trustworthy  As a representative of the two Imams, Uthman disguised himself as a seller of cooking fat to avoid the Abbasid agents, hence his nickname al-Samman  It is reported that he collected religious donations, hid them in the containers of cooking fat, and delivered them to al-Askari  After the death of al-Askari in 260 (874), Uthman performed the funeral rites of the eleventh Imam, an honor for which he must have received the permission of al-Askari beforehand 

Tenure as an agent of al-Mahdi
Immediately after the death of al-Askari in 260 (874), Uthman claimed that the eleventh Imam had a young son, named Muhammad, who had entered a state of occultation (ghayba) due to the Abbasid threat to his life  As the special agent of al-Askari, Uthman also claimed that he had been appointed to represent the son of the eleventh Imam  Twelver sources detail that Muhammad al-Mahdi made his only public appearance to lead the funeral prayer for his father instead of his uncle, Ja'far As the closest associate of al-Askari, the local representatives and the Shia community largely recognized Uthman's claim to be the agent of the Hidden Imam  However, there were possibly doubts among the Shia about Uthman's authority to collect and distribute the religious donations  In his new capacity as the caretaker of the office of imamate, Uthman also received petitions and made available their responses, sometimes in writing The date of his death is not certain, but it is believed that Uthman did not survive al-Askari for long  Klemm holds that Uthman died in 880 CE  Uthman was succeeded by his son, Abu Ja'far Muhammad, as the next agent of the Hidden Imam  Tusi in his Rijal reports that the eleventh Imam had appointed Uthman and his son as agents of his son, Muhammad, in the presence of a group of Yemeni followers 

See also
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Uthman
Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri
Passage 10:
Nasir (footballer)
Nasir (born 8 October 1995) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays for Liga 1 club Dewa United, mainly as a left back but also as a left winger 

Club career
Arema FC
At first he was just following his selection at Arema FC, but when Ahmad Nufiandani joined PS TNI, Nasir also got a place to fill the slot for U-23 players  Nasir could follow the selection in Arema FC because it was recommended by former Arema FC players, Andi Robot  He was able to captivate the attention of the coaching team during the selection 

Persebaya Surabaya
He was signed for Persebaya Surabaya to play in the Liga 1 in the 2020 season  This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic  The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021 

Persela Lamongan
He was signed for Persela Lamongan to play in 2021 Menpora Cup and Liga 1 in the 2021 season  Nasir made his debut on 4 September 2021 in a match against PSIS Semarang at the Wibawa Mukti Stadium, Cikarang 

Dewa United
Nasir was signed for Dewa United to play in Liga 1 in the 2022–23 season  He made his debut on 1 October 2022 in a match against RANS Nusantara at the Indomilk Arena, Tangerang 

Career statistics
Club
As of match played 8 July 2023

Honours
Club
Arema

Indonesia President's Cup: 2017, 2019Persebaya Surabaya

East Java Governor Cup: 2020



ground_truth: yes

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the father of Muhammad Al-Nasir born?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: 
Passage 6:
Yana Urqu (Jaqhichuwa)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", Hispanicized spelling Yanaorjo) is a mountain in the Willkanuta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high  It is situated in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District  Yana Urqu lies southeast of the mountain Jaqhichuwa 
Passage 7:
Yana Urqu (Castrovirreyna)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", Hispanicized spelling Yana Orjo) is a mountain in the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high  It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Castrovirreyna Province, Santa Ana District  Yana Urqu lies south of Wayra Q'asa 
Passage 8:
Yana Urqu (Apurímac)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", hispanicized spelling Yanaorjo) is a mountain in the north of the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,404 ft) high  It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Oropesa District  Yana Urqu lies southwest of Willkarana and Kisu Qutu 
Passage 9:
Yana Urqu (Chapi Urqu)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", Hispanicized spelling Yanaorcco) is a 4,890-metre-high (16,040 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru  It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Huacocolpa District  Yana Urqu lies southeast of Chapi Urqu and northeast of Inqhana 
Passage 10:
Yana Urqu (Huancavelica)
Yana Urqu (Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain", hispanicized spelling Yana Orjo) is a mountain in the Chunta mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high  It is located in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Huacocolpa District  Yana Urqu lies northwest of Inqhana and northeast of Wayra Q'asa 



ground_truth: Morocco