prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which country the director of film Renegade Force is from?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Dana Blankstein
Dana Blankstein-Cohen (born March 3, 1981) is the executive director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School  She was appointed by the board of directors  in November 2019   Previously she was the CEO of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television  She is a film director, and an Israeli culture entrepreneur 

Biography
Dana Blankstein was born in Switzerland in 1981 to theatre director Dedi Baron and Professor Alexander Blankstein  She moved to Israel in 1983 and grew up in Tel Aviv 
Blankstein graduated from the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem in 2008 with high honors  During her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors Savi Gabizon on his film Nina's Tragedies and to Renen Schorr on his film The Loners   She also directed and shot 'the making of' film on Gavison's film Lost and Found  Her debut film Camping competed at the Berlin International Film Festival, 2007 

Film and academic career
After her studies, Dana founded and directed the film and television department at the Kfar Saba municipality  The department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of Kfar Saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities 
Blankstein directed the mini-series "Tel Aviviot" (2012)  From 2016-2019 was the director of the Israeli Academy of Film and Television 
In November 2019 Dana Blankstein Cohen was appointed the new director of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School where she also oversees the Sam Spiegel International Film Lab  In 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new Series Lab and the film preparatory program for Arabic speakers in east Jerusalem 

Filmography
Tel Aviviot (mini-series; director, 2012)
Growing Pains (graduation film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2008)
Camping (debut film, Sam Spiegel; director and screenwriter, 2006)
Passage 2:
Ian Barry (director)
Ian Barry is an Australian director of film and TV 

Select credits
Waiting for Lucas (1973) (short)
Stone (1974) (editor only)
The Chain Reaction (1980)
Whose Baby? (1986) (mini-series)
Minnamurra (1989)
Bodysurfer (1989) (mini-series)
Ring of Scorpio (1990) (mini-series)
Crimebroker (1993)
Inferno (1998) (TV movie)
Miss Lettie and Me (2002) (TV movie)
Not Quite Hollywood: The Wild, Untold Story of Ozploitation! (2008) (documentary)
The Doctor Blake Mysteries (2013)
Passage 3:
John Donatich
John Donatich is the Director of Yale University Press 

Early life
He received a BA from New York University in 1982, graduating magna cum laude  He also got a master's degree from NYU in 1984, graduating summa cum laude 

Career
Donatich worked as director of National Accounts at Putnam Publishing Group from 1989 to 1992 His writing has appeared in various periodicals including Harper's, The Atlantic Monthly and The Village Voice 
He worked at HarperCollins from 1992 to 1996, serving as director of national accounts and then as vice president and director of product and marketing development From 1995 to 2003, Donatich served as publisher and vice president of Basic Books  While there, he started the Art of Mentoring series of books, which would run from 2001 to 2008   While at Basic Books, Donatich published such authors as Christopher Hitchens, Steven Pinker, Samantha Power, Alan Dershowitz, Sir Martin Rees and Richard Florida 
In 2003, Donatich became the director of the Yale University Press   At Yale, Donatich published such authors as Michael Walzer, Janet Malcolm, E  H  Gombrich, Michael Fried, Edmund Morgan and T  J   Clark   Donatich began the Margellos World Republic of Letters, a literature in translation series that published such authors as Adonis, Norman Manea and Claudio Magris  He also launched the digital archive platform, The Stalin Digital Archive and the Encounters Chinese Language multimedia platform 
In 2009, he briefly gained media attention when he was involved in the decision to expunge the Muhammad cartoons from the Yale University Press book The Cartoons that Shook the World, for fear of Muslim violence He is the author of a memoir, Ambivalence, a Love Story, and a novel, The Variations 

Books
Ambivalence, a Love Story: Portrait of a Marriage (memoir), St  Martin's Press, 2005 
The Variations (novel), Henry Holt, March, 2012

Articles
Why Books Still Matter, Journal of Scholarly Publishing, Volume 40, Number 4, July 2009, pp  329–342, E-ISSN 1710-1166 Print ISSN 1198-9742

Personal life
Donatich is married to Betsy Lerner, a literary agent and author; together they have a daughter, Raffaella 
Passage 4:
Michael Govan
Michael Govan (born 1963) is the director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art  Prior to his current position, Govan worked as the director of the Dia Art Foundation in New York City 

Early life and education
Govan was born in 1963 in North Adams, Massachusetts, and was raised in the Washington D C  area, attending Sidwell Friends School He majored in art history and fine arts at Williams College, where he met Thomas Krens, who was then director of the Williams College Museum of Art  Govan became closely involved with the museum, serving as acting curator as an undergraduate  After receiving his B A  from Williams in 1985, Govan began an MFA in fine arts from the University of California, San Diego 

Career
As a twenty-five year old graduate student, Govan was recruited by his former mentor at Williams, Thomas Krens, who in 1988 had been appointed director of the Solomon R  Guggenheim Foundation  Govan served as deputy director of the Solomon R  Guggenheim Museum under Krens from 1988 to 1994, a period that culminated in the construction and opening of the Frank Gehry designed Guggenheim branch in Bilbao, Spain  Govan supervised the reinstallation of the museum's permanent collection galleries after its extensive renovation 

Dia Art Foundation
From 1994 to 2006, Govan was president and director of Dia Art Foundation in New York City  There, he spearheaded the conversion of a Nabisco box factory into the 300,000 square foot Dia:Beacon in New York's Hudson Valley, which houses Dia's collection of art from the 1960s to the present  Built in a former Nabisco box factory, the critically acclaimed museum has been credited with catalyzing a cultural and economic revival within the formerly factory-based city of Beacon  Dia's collection nearly doubled in size during Govan's tenure, but he also came under criticism for "needlessly and permanently" closing Dia's West 22nd Street building  During his time at Dia, Govan also worked closely with artists James Turrell and Michael Heizer, becoming an ardent supporter of Roden Crater and City, the artists' respective site-specific land art projects under construction in the American southwest  Govan successfully lobbied Washington to have the 704,000 acres in central Nevada surrounding City declared a national monument in 2015 

LACMA
In February 2006, a search committee composed of eleven LACMA trustees, led by the late Nancy M  Daly, recruited Govan to run the Los Angeles County Museum of Art  Govan has stated that he was drawn to the role not only because of LACMA's geographical distance from its European and east coast peers, but also because of the museum's relative youth, having been established in 1961  "I felt that because of this newness I had the opportunity to reconsider the museum," Govan has written, "[and] Los Angeles is a good place to do that "Govan has been widely regarded for transforming LACMA into both a local and international landmark  Since Govan's arrival, LACMA has acquired by donation or purchase over 27,000 works for the permanent collection, and the museum's gallery space has almost doubled thanks to the addition of two new buildings designed by Renzo Piano, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum (BCAM) and the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Pavilion  LACMA's annual attendance has grown from 600,000 to nearly 1 6 million in 2016 

Artist collaborations
Since his arrival, Govan has commissioned exhibition scenography and gallery designs in collaboration with artists  In 2006, for example, Govan invited LA artist John Baldessari to design an upcoming exhibition about the Belgian surrealist René Magritte, resulting in a theatrical show that reflected the twisted perspective of the latter's topsy-turvy world  Baldessari has also designed LACMA's logo  Since then, Govan has also commissioned Cuban-American artist Jorge Pardo to design LACMA's Art of the Ancient Americas gallery, described in the Los Angeles Times as a "gritty cavern deep inside the earth     crossed with a high-style urban lounge "Govan has also commissioned several large-scale public artworks for LACMA's campus from contemporary California artists  These include Chris Burden's Urban Light (2008), a series of 202 vintage street lamps from different neighborhoods in Los Angeles, arranged in front of the entrance pavilion, Barbara Kruger's Untitled (Shafted) (2008), Robert Irwin's Primal Palm Garden (2010), and Michael Heizer's Levitated Mass, a 340-ton boulder transported 100 miles from the Jurupa Valley to LACMA, a widely publicized journey that culminated with a large celebration on Wilshire Boulevard  Thanks in part to the popularity of these public artworks, LACMA was ranked the fourth most instagrammed museum in the world in 2016 In his first three full years, the museum raised $251 million—about $100 million more than it collected during the three years before he arrived  In 2010, it was announced that Govan will steer LACMA for at least six more years  In a letter dated February 24, 2013, Govan, along with the LACMA board's co-chairmen Terry Semel and Andrew Gordon, proposed a merger with the financially troubled Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and a plan to raise $100 million for the combined museum 

Zumthor Project
Govan's latest project is an ambitious building project, the replacement of four of the campus's aging buildings with a single new state of the art gallery building designed by architect Peter Zumthor  As of January 2017, he has raised about $300 million in commitments  Construction is expected to begin in 2018, and the new building will open in 2023, to coincide with the opening of the new D Line metro stop on Wilshire Boulevard  The project also envisages dissolving all existing curatorial departments and departmental collections  Some commentators have been highly critical of Govan's plans  Joseph Giovannini, recalling Govan's technically unrealizable onetime plan to hang Jeff Koons' Train sculpture from the facade of the Ahmanson Gallery, has accused Govan of "driving the institution over a cliff into an equivalent mid-air wreck of its own"  Describing the collection merging proposal as the creation of a "giant raffle bowl of some 130,000 objects", Giovannini also points out that the Zumthor building will contain 33% less gallery space than the galleries it will replace, and that the linear footage of wall space available for displays will decrease by about 7,500 ft, or 1 5 miles  Faced with losing a building named in its honor, and anticipating that its acquisitions could no longer be displayed, the Ahmanson Foundation withdrew its support 
On the merging of the separate curatorial divisions to create a non-departmental art museum, Christopher Knight has pointed out that "no other museum of LACMA's size and complexity does it" that way, and characterized the museum's 2019 "To Rome and Back" exhibition, the first to take place under the new scheme, as "bland and ineffectual" and an "unsuccessful sample of what's to come" 

Personal life
Govan is married and has two daughters, one from a previous marriage  He and his family used to live in a $6 million mansion in Hancock Park that was provided by LACMA - a benefit worth $155,000 a year, according to most recent tax filings - until LACMA decided that it would sell the property to make up for the museum's of almost $900 million in debt [2]  That home is now worth nearly $8 million and Govan now lives in a trailer park in Malibu's Point Dume region 
Los Angeles CA 90020
United States  He has had a private pilot's license since 1995 and keeps a 1979 Beechcraft Bonanza at Santa Monica Airport 
Passage 5:
Martin Kunert
Martin Kunert (born Marcin Stanisław Kunert-Dziewanowski; 1974) is a feature film and television writer, director and producer; and since 2010, a photographer  In 2004, Kunert conceived and directed the documentary Voices of Iraq, made by sending 150 DV cameras to Iraqis to film their own lives  MovieMaker Magazine hailed the film as "truly a groundbreaking film…both in terms of its content and the process behind its production "Previously, Kunert created and executive produced MTV's Fear, the first reality show to have contestants film themselves  Kunert created the show's frightening ambiance, developed the oft-mimicked visual and musical style and streamlined the show's editing process, where on a weekly basis, over 250 hours of contestant generated video was edited into 45-minute episodes  MTV's Fear spawned TV specials, fan clubs, DVDs, and numerous copycat television shows, including NBC's Fear Factor and VH1's Celebrity Paranormal Project 
Kunert has also directed television and feature films, including the cult favorite Campfire Tales (starring Amy Smart, Jimmy Marsden, Ron Livingston, and Christine Taylor) for New Line Cinema and Rogue Force (starring Michael Rooker and Robert Patrick) for Miramax  His screenplays include Warner Bros ' Dodging Bullets for Will Smith and Halle Berry, Paramount's The Brazilian, and 20th Century Fox's Hindenburg for Jan de Bont  He created and executive produced "HRT" (starring Michael Rooker and Ernie Hudson) for CBS and Columbia TriStar and "Catch" for CBS  With Doug Liman, Kunert reinvented "CHiPs" for NBC and Warner Bros  He also created the reality show "Mayor" for Columbia TriStar  In 2002, NBC/StudiosUSA signed Kunert to an exclusive writing/directing/producing contract   He wrote and executive produced "Witch Doctor", a TV pilot for Beacon TV and ABC television studios in 2008 
In 2011, DirecTV, Technicolor, and Panasonic got together to finance an experimental 3D film for Kunert to direct and shoot on Panasonic's new 3D camera systems   As part of it, Technicolor trained Kunert extensively on how to make clean, non-headache inducing, 3D motion images   DirecTV will distribute the 3D film internationally Kunert is a graduate of New York University's film school  He is a member of the Directors Guild of America and Writers Guild of America 
He was born in Warsaw, Poland and grew up in Westfield, New Jersey before attending the New York Military Academy 

Filmography
Passage 6:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 7:
Renegade Force
Renegade Force (aka Counterforce and Rogue Force) is a 1998 action film, starring Michael Rooker, Robert Patrick, Diane DiLascio and Louis Mandylor  The movie was written by Rick Bloggs and Alan Schechter and directed by Martin Kunert 

Plot
Rooker plays an FBI agent who joins force with a cop (Diane DiLascio) to investigate some mysterious deaths of several mobsters 

Cast
Michael Rooker as Matt Cooper
Robert Patrick as Jake McInroy
Diane DiLascio as Helen Simms
Louis Mandylor as Peter Roth

Reception
Comeuppance Reviews called Renegade Force a "brainless action at its best", stating: "In the end: Rogue Force is 90 minutes of cool FBI\SWAT action  The plot is routine but who cares when you're having a good time?"  Movie Mavs gave the film 3,5 stars out of 4, praised several aspects of the movie and concluding: "Rogue Force is a better than average corrupt police themed adult thriller, with some solid acting "
Passage 8:
Peter Levin
Peter Levin is an American director of film, television and theatre 

Career
Since 1967, Levin has amassed a large number of credits directing episodic television and television films  Some of his television series credits include Love Is a Many Splendored Thing, James at 15, The Paper Chase, Family, Starsky & Hutch, Lou Grant, Fame, Cagney & Lacey, Law & Order and Judging Amy Some of his television film credits include Rape and Marriage: The Rideout Case (1980), A Reason to Live (1985), Popeye Doyle (1986), A Killer Among Us (1990), Queen Sized (2008) and among other films  He directed "Heart in Hiding", written by his wife Audrey Davis Levin, for which she received an Emmy for Best Day Time Special in the 1970s 
Prior to becoming a director, Levin worked as an actor in several Broadway productions  He costarred with Susan Strasberg in "[The Diary of Ann Frank]" but had to leave the production when he was drafted into the Army  He trained at the Carnegie Mellon University  Eventually becoming a theatre director, he directed productions at the Long Wharf Theatre and the Pacific Resident Theatre Company  He also co-founded the off-off-Broadway Theatre [the Hardware Poets Playhouse] with his wife Audrey Davis Levin and was also an associate artist of The Interact Theatre Company 
Passage 9:
Olav Aaraas
Olav Aaraas (born 10 July 1950) is a Norwegian historian and museum director 
He was born in Fredrikstad  From 1982 to 1993 he was the director of Sogn Folk Museum, from 1993 to 2010 he was the director of Maihaugen and from 2001 he has been the director of the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  In 2010 he was decorated with the Royal Norwegian Order of St  Olav 
Passage 10:
John Farrell (businessman)
John Farrell is the director of YouTube in Latin America 

Education
Farrell holds a joint MBA degree from the University of Texas at Austin and Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) 

Career
His business career began at Skytel, and later at Iridium as head of Business Development, in Washington DC, where he supported the design and launched the first satellite location service in the world and established international distribution agreements He co-founded Adetel, the first company to provide internet access to residential communities and businesses in Mexico  After becoming General Manager of Adetel, he developed a partnership with TV Azteca in order to create the first internet access prepaid card in the country known as the ToditoCard   Later in his career, John Farrell worked for Televisa in Mexico City as Director of Business Development for Esmas com  There he established a strategic alliance with a leading telecommunications provider to launch co-branded Internet and telephone services  He also led initial efforts to launch social networking services, leveraging Televisa’s content and media channels 

Google
Farrel joined Google in 2004 as Director of Business Development for Asia and Latin America  On April 7, 2008, he was promoted to the position of General Manager for Google Mexico, replacing Alonso Gonzalo  He is now director of YouTube in Latin America, responsible for developing audiences, managing partnerships and growing Google’s video display business  John is also part of Google’s Latin America leadership management team and contributes to Google’s strategy in the region  He is Vice President of the IAB (Interactive Advertising Bureau), a member of the AMIPCI (Mexican Internet Association) Advisory Board, an active Endeavor mentor, and member of YPO 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Kyle Greig
Kyle Greig (born February 22, 1990) is an American soccer player who plays as a forward 

Career
Greig played four years of college soccer at Benedictine College between 2008 and 2011  He also played for USL PDL club Kansas City Brass between 2010 and 2012 Greig signed his first professional contract with USL Pro club Wilmington Hammerheads in April 2013  He made his debut and scored his first professional goal on April 19, 2013, during a 2-0 victory over Antigua Barracuda FC 
After two seasons with Oklahoma City Energy, Greig signed with Whitecaps FC 2 on January 29, 2016  He made the move to the Whitecaps senior team in Major League Soccer on December 19, 2016 During the 2017 season, Greig was loaned out to United Soccer League club FC Cincinnati  His loan ended when FC Cincinnati's 2017 season ended Greig joined USL club Saint Louis FC on February 21, 2018  Saint Louis FC folded following the 2020 USL Championship season On May 20, 2021, it was announced that Greig had signed with Louisville City  Following the 2021 season, Louisville opted to decline their contract option on Greig Greig signed with the Tampa Bay Rowdies on January 14, 2022  He was released by Tampa following their 2022 season 
Passage 2:
Mitchey Greig
Mitchey Greig (born 4 October 1988) is a freestyle skier from New Zealand  In the 2010 Winter Olympics at Vancouver, she came 30th in the woman’s ski cross 

External links
Mitchey Greig at the NZOC website
Mitchey Greig at the SR Sports Reference website
Michelle Greig (sic) at the ISF website
Passage 3:
Mel Greig
Mel Greig (born 19 September 1982) is an Australian journalist, radio and television personality  In 2011, Greig competed on the first season of The Amazing Race Australia  In 2012, she began co-hosting the Hot30 Countdown show on 2Day FM  In December 2012, she and Mike Christian posed as the Queen and Prince Charles to make a prank call to the hospital where the Duchess of Cambridge was convalescing  It backfired, leading to a tragedy and the end of Greig's career on radio  In 2015, Greig was a contestant on the fourth season of The Celebrity Apprentice Australia  In January 2016, she returned to co-hosting on The Hot Breakfast, with Travis Winks  In 2018, Greig left Wave FM and moved back to Sydney  She writes an online dating column and has contributed articles to a website for women  Greig has endometriosis and is an ambassador for Endometriosis Australia 

Career
In 2011, she competed on the first season of The Amazing Race Australia with her sister Alana In 2012, Greig began co-hosting the Hot30 Countdown show on 2Day FM with Matty Acton, who was later replaced by Mike Christian 

Royal prank
In December 2012, Greig and Christian broadcast a prank call they had made to King Edward VII Hospital, where Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge was convalescing, posing as the Queen and Prince Charles  It later transpired that one of the nurses who answered the call, Jacintha Saldanha, as a result of being duped by the DJs and the subsequent media attention, later died by suicide  Greig made a statement at the inquest, while 2Day FM has, to date, rejected any blame for Saldanha's death  The show was then cancelled on 12 December  In an interview with ITV's This Morning programme, Greig said that she was the victim of a "witch hunt" 

Post radio show
In 2015, Greig was a contestant on the fourth season of The Celebrity Apprentice Australia  She was fired after Task 8  In January 2016, Greig began co-hosting the 96 5 Wave FM breakfast show, The Hot Breakfast, with Travis Winks, she had taken a three-year hiatus following the royal prank call incident  In 2018, Greig left Wave FM to move back to Sydney citing personal reasons 
Greig writes an online dating column for Yahoo Be and has contributed articles to Mamamia, an Australian women's website Greig suffers from endometriosis and is an ambassador for the non-profit organisation Endometriosis Australia 
Passage 4:
Charlotte Greig
Charlotte Greig (10 August 1954 – 19 June 2014) was a British novelist, playwright, music journalist, singer and songwriter 

Early life
Charlotte Greig's father was in the navy and the family travelled the world  In 1962, she attended Charsfield village school, later described in Ronald Blythe's book Akenfield, where she learned to sing folk songs  At the age of 10 she was sent to a convent boarding school, St Stephen's College, Broadstairs, Kent, where she learned to play piano  She studied philosophy at Sussex University during the 1970s, a setting recounted in A Girl's Guide to Modern European Philosophy 

Career
Journalism
After university, Greig worked as a music journalist in print and radio  In 1990 she presented a six-part series on BBC Radio 1 called Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow on girl groups in popular music  It was based on her own book of the same title, published in 1989  In 1991 she wrote another Radio 1 documentary, British Black Music, and went on to present popular music features for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour and Kaleidoscope  By 1998 Greig was working for Mojo magazine, reviewing folk and country music 

Music
In the same year, she issued the first of her own albums, Night Visiting Songs  It consisted of four traditional songs, with the rest written by herself  This has set the tone for her subsequent albums: acoustic understated gothic folk music  Unusually, she plays harmonium and mountain dulcimer, with occasional electronic additions  Four further albums are collaborations with guitarist Julian Hayman  Her main influences are Lal Waterson and Nico  She appeared on the Topic anthology A Woman's Voice (many other anthologies exist with the same title)  In 2007 she curated and contributed to Migrating Bird, a tribute album to the late Lal Waterson released on Honest Jon's record label 
In addition, Greig's 2008 song Crows was released on a compilation album entitled The Crow Club released on People Tree Records, an offshoot label of Acid Jazz Records 
In 2014, Greig released "Studies in Hysteria" by Doctor Freud's Cabaret, a collection of songs in the voices of Freud's early patients, featuring a number of guest vocalists including Euros Childs, Julie Murphy, Jon Langford, and Angharad van Rijswijk 

Writing
In 2007 her first novel, 'A Girl's Guide to Modern European Philosophy', was published in the UK by Serpent's Tail  It was also published in the US (Other Press), and in translation in Italy (Tropea), Sweden (Voltaire), and Turkey (Sel Yayincilik) 
She has written two radio plays, 'The Confessions' (2009) and 'Against the Grain' (2010), both broadcast on BBC Radio 4  Her most recent play was a Radio 4 docu-drama to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the Profumo Scandal, entitled 'Well, He Would, Wouldn't He' (2013), and featuring Mandy Rice-Davies



ground_truth: America

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was the father of Muhammad Al-Nasir born?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Husain Bey, Crown Prince of Tunisia
Husain Bey Gouta, Crown Prince of Tunisia (22 April 1893 – 22 April 1969) was the titular head of the Husainid Dynasty  He was the third son of Muhammad V al-Nasir, Bey of Tunis, by his second wife, Lalla Husn ul-Ujud, from 1906 until 1922 

Biography
Husain Bey Gouta was born in Sidi Bou Said  He was educated at the Prytanée National Militaire school situated in the city of La Flèche in western France  At the time of attending the Prytanée National Militaire school, Tunisia was a French protectorate 
On 1 October 1955, Husain Bey Gouta was invested as the heir apparent of the Beylik of Tunis, receiving the title Bey al-Mahalla, meaning Bey of the Camp  This is a title used for the most senior member of the Beylical family after the reigning Bey  In addition to becoming Bey al-Mahalla, he also became a Lieutenant General in the Beylical Army  Following Tunisia's independence from France on 20 March 1956, Husain Bey received the new title of Crown Prince following its independence as a Kingdom 
Husain Bey Gouta's chances of ascending the throne came to an end on 25 July 1957, when the prime minister, Habib Bourguiba, usurped power and abolished the monarchy  Following the death of King Muhammad VIII al-Amin on 30 September 1962, Husain Bey Gouta succeeded as head of the Husainid Dynasty as Head of the Royal House of Tunisia, and of the Nishan ad-Dam, Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman, and the Nishan al-Iftikhar and remained so until his death, when he was succeeded by Prince Mustafa Bey Gouta  He was Sovereign and Grand Master of the Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman, Nishan ad-Dam, and Nishan al-Iftikhar 
He was decorated with the Nishan al-Ahad al-Aman al-Murassa on 1 October 1955, Nishan ad-Dam, Grand Cross of the Nishan al-Iftikhar, Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour of France, the Sharifian Order of Al-Alaoui of Morocco, etc 
He died in Sidi Bou Said  Some sources stated he died in October 1964 

Marriage and children
Husain Bey Gouta was married on 22 July 1914, at the Dar al-Taj Palace in La Marsa as his only wife to Lalla Aisha Maria, the daughter of Si Ahmad bin Abdullah Maria, an Italian convert to Islam, and his wife Princess Traki, eldest daughter of Sidi Husain Bey, Bey al-Taula  Husain and Aisha had five children: 

Prince Ali Bey Gouta (1915–1945) 
Princess Husn al-Ujud Gouta (born 1918) 
Prince Murad Bey Gouta (1919–2005) 
Prince Muhammad al-Afif Bey Gouta (1926–1985) 
Prince Muhammad Bey Gouta (1934–1934) 

Ancestry


== External links ==
Passage 2:
Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Yūsuf ibn Abd al-Muʾmin al-Manṣūr (Arabic: أبو يوسف يعقوب بن يوسف بن عبد المؤمن المنصور; c  1160 – 23 January 1199 Marrakesh), commonly known as Yaqub al-Mansur (يعقوب المنصور) or Moulay Yacoub (مولاي يعقوب), was the third Almohad Caliph  Succeeding his father, al-Mansur reigned from 1184 to 1199  His reign was distinguished by the flourishing of trade, architecture, philosophy and the sciences, as well as by victorious military campaigns in which he was successful in repelling the tide of the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula 

Military actions
Al-Mansur's father was killed in Portugal on 29 July 1184; upon reaching Seville with his father's body on 10 August, he was immediately proclaimed the new caliph  Al-Mansur vowed revenge for his father's death, but fighting with the Banu Ghaniya, delayed him in Africa  After inflicting a new defeat on the Banu Ghaniya, he set off for the Iberian Peninsula to avenge his father's death 
His 13 July 1190 siege of Tomar, center of the Portuguese Templars failed to capture the fortress  However, further south he in 1191 recaptured a major fortress, Paderne Castle and the surrounding territory near Albufeira, in the Algarve – which had been controlled by the Portuguese army of King Sancho I since 1182  Having inflicted other defeats on the Christians and captured major cities, he returned to the Maghreb with three thousand Christian captives 
Upon Al-Mansur's return to Africa, however, Christians in Iberian Peninsula resumed the offensive, capturing many of the Moorish cities, including Silves, Vera, and Beja 
When Al-Mansur heard this news, he returned to the Iberian Peninsula, and defeated the Christians again  This time, many were taken in chained groups of fifty each, and later sold in Africa as slaves 
While Al-Mansur was away in Africa, the Christians mounted the largest army of that period, of over 300,000 men, to defeat Al-Mansur  However, immediately upon hearing this, Al-Mansur returned again to Iberia and defeated Castilian King Alfonso VIII Alfonso's army in the Battle of Alarcos, on 18 July 1195  It was said that Al-Mansur's forces killed 150,000 and took money, valuables and other goods "beyond calculation"  It was after this victory that he took the title al-Mansur Billah ("Made Victorious by God") 

Internal policy
Architectural patronage
During his reign, Al-Mansur undertook several major construction projects  He added a monumental gate to the Kasbah of the Udayas in Rabat and he may have been responsible for finishing the construction of the current Kutubiyya Mosque in Marrakesh   He also created a vast royal citadel and palace complex in Marrakesh which subsequently remained the seat of government in the city for centuries afterward  This royal district included the Kasbah Mosque (or El-Mansuriyya Mosque) in Marrakesh and was accessed via the monumental gate of Bab Agnaou, both dating from al-Mansur's time  He also embarked on the construction of an even bigger fortified capital in Rabat, where he attempted to build what would have been the world's largest mosque  However, construction on the mosque and on this new citadel stopped after his death  Only the beginnings of the mosque had been completed, including a large part of its massive minaret now known as the Hassan Tower 
Some of Rabat's historic gates, most notably Bab er-Rouah, also date from this time, one of Al-Mansur's famous works is the Bimaristan of Marrakesh, the first hospital in Morocco to be ever built, Al-Mansur embellished it with luxurious ornaments and sculptures, it had gardens, water canals attached to it and it was Funded personally by Almohad's government, it is said that Averroes worked there for some time 

Philosophy and religion
Al-Mansur protected the philosopher Averroes and kept him as a favorite at court  Like many of the Almohad caliphs, Al-Mansur was religiously learned  He favored the Zahirite or literalist school of Muslim jurisprudence per Almohad doctrine and possessed a relatively extensive education in the Muslim prophetic tradition; he even wrote his own book on the recorded statements and actions of the prophet Muhammad  Mansur's Zahirism was clear when he ordered his judges to exercise judgment only according to the Qur'an, said recorded statements and absolute consensus  Mansur's father Abu Yaqub appointed Cordoban polymath Ibn Maḍāʾ as chief judge, and the two of them oversaw the banning of all non-Zahirite religious books during the Almohad reforms; Mansur was not satisfied, and when he inherited the throne he ordered Ibn Maḍāʾ to actually undertake the burning of such books 

Death and legacy
He died on 23 January 1199 in Marrakech His victory in Alarcos was remembered for centuries later, when the tide of war turned against the Muslim side  It is recounted by the historian Ibn Abi Zar in his 1326 Rawd al-Qirtas ("History of the Rulers of the Maghreb") The town of Moulay Yacoub, outside of Fez, Morocco, is named after Al-Mansur, and is best known for its therapeutic hot springs 
Passage 3:
Umar of Borno
Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin (Arabic: اولعمر ابن محمد لرشيد) or Umar of Borno (died 1881) was Shehu (Sheik) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire and son of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi 

Reign of Umar
Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837  Umar did not match his father's vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers (wazirs)  Umar ruled from 1837 until November 1853 when he was deposed by his brother `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Amin who became Shehu  The latter only reigned until 1854 when Umar reconquered his throne Umar ruled as Shehu for a second time from September 1854 to 1880  Borno began to decline, as a result of administrative disorganization, regional particularism, and attacks by the militant Ouaddai Empire to the east  The decline continued under Umar's sons, and in 1894 Rabih az-Zubayr, leading an invading army from eastern Sudan, conquered Borno 

Dynasty
Footnotes
Bibliography
Brenner, Louis, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973) 
Cohen, Ronald, The Kanuri of Bornu, Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967) 
Denham, Dixon  and Captain Clapperton and the Late Doctor Oudney, Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, (Boston: Cummings, Hilliards and Co , 1826) 
Isichei, Elizabeth, A History of African Societies to 1870 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp  318–320, ISBN 0-521-45599-5 
Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in General history of Africa, ed  by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp  238–265 
Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in Histoire Generale De l'Afrique, Rev  ed  (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp  599–646 
Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd  2, Frankfurt a  M  1993: 179-186 
Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore (2005)  Africa Since 1800, Fifth Edition  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press  ISBN 0-521-83615-8 
Palmer, Herbert Richmond, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936) 
Taher, Mohamed (1997)  Encyclopedic Survey of Islamic Dynasties A Continuing Series  New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT  LTD  ISBN 81-261-0403-1 

External links
Kanuri Studies Association
Passage 4:
Muhammad al-Nasir
Muhammad al-Nasir (Arabic: الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور, al-Nāṣir li-dīn Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr, c  1182 – 1213) was the fourth Almohad Caliph from 1199 until his death  Contemporary Christians referred to him as Miramamolin           
On 25 January 1199, al-Nasir's father Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur died; al-Nasir was proclaimed the new caliph that very day  Al-Nasir inherited from his father an empire that was showing signs of instability  Because of his father's victories against the Christians in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus), he was temporarily relieved from serious threats on that front and able to concentrate on combating and defeating Banu Ghaniya attempts to seize Ifriqiya (Tunisia)  Needing, after this, to deal with problems elsewhere in the empire, he appointed Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as governor of Ifriqiya, so unwittingly inaugurating the rule of the Hafsid dynasty there, which lasted until 1574 

Dynasty and Iberian presence
He now had to turn his attention back to Iberia, to deal with a Crusade proclaimed by Pope Innocent III at the request of King Alfonso VIII of Castile  This resulted in his defeat by a Christian coalition at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)  He died the following year, and was succeeded by his young son Yusuf al-Mustansir, born of Christian slave Qamar 

Relationship with King John of England
In the early 13th century, John, King of England was under pressure after a quarrel with Pope Innocent III led to England being placed under an interdict, by which all forms of worship and other religious practices were banned  John himself was excommunicated, parts of the country were in revolt and there were threats of a French invasion Writing two decades after the events, Matthew Paris, a St Albans chronicler of the early thirteenth century, claims that, in desperation, John sent envoys to al-Nâsir asking for his help  In return John offered to convert to Islam, to make the country at disposal of the caliph and turn England into a Muslim state  Among the delegates was Master Robert, a London cleric  Al-Nâsir was said to be so disgusted by John's grovelling plea that he sent the envoys away  Historians have cast doubt on this story, due to the lack of other contemporary evidence 

Viziers
Abu Zayd bin Yujan (1198–1199)
Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs (1199–1205), the future governor of Ifriqiya (see above)
Abu Sa`id Uthman ibn Jam`i (1205–1214)
Passage 5:
Clare Nasir
Clare Lyn Nasir (born 20 June 1970) is an English meteorologist, author, and TV presenter 

Early life
Born in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, Nasir's family is musical, with Nasir playing the saxophone, while three of her brothers are professional musicians  Nasir attended Kingsbrook School in South Northamptonshire, where in 1988 she obtained A-levels in Mathematics, Geography and History  She then studied at the University of Plymouth, graduating with an honours degree in Mathematics, continuing on with her master's degree in Applied Marine Sciences 

Career
After university studies, Nasir joined the Met Office, training to become a qualified weather forecaster Two years later, Nasir joined the Met Office's London Weather Centre, offering weather forecasting and presenting services to London radio stations and media outlets  Subsequently, she took a position as forecaster and presenter for Anglia Television in 1997  She returned to London to work for Carlton Television in 1998 
In 2000 Nasir joined GMTV as maternity leave cover for regular weather forecaster Andrea McLean, however this led to a permanent contract, with her sharing duties with McLean following her return 
In 2001 Nasir was made weather producer and presenter being responsible for all weather output and weather-related features on GMTV  GMTV forecasts include outside broadcasts, the most famous of which involves Nasir reporting from Bridlington seafront  Being lashed by wind and rain, in the middle of the report an enormous wave burst over the harbour wall, completely covering her and sending her flying out of shot  Undeterred, she picked herself up and finished her report, having to speak directly into the boom microphone as she had lost her microphone pack As well as presenting the weather on GMTV, Nasir has hosted several series, including "Interactive Wedding", the travel series "Great Escapes", and "Extreme Weather", wherein she investigated globally changing weather patterns 
In 2007 Nasir served as one of many panelists on Through the Keyhole 
On 1 August 2010, the Daily Mirror announced Nasir was to quit GMTV prior to the following month, to launch a fitness DVD  On 3 September 2010, on the final broadcast of GMTV, Nasir presented her last weather forecast 
From 20 November 2010 until 27 October 2013, Nasir presented weather forecasts for the ITN produced regional news programme ITV News London on ITV London 
In 2011, Nasir completed a diploma in International Environmental Policy from the Open University In February 2012, Nasir appeared as a celebrity guest on the Channel 5 TV show, "Live With    " and spoke of her journey of having achieved her goal of having a baby Nasir has written a regular weather-related blog column for The Huffington Post (UK) In June 2012 Nasir presented weather forecasts for the ITN produced 5 News on Channel 5 to cover for Sian Welby while she is on holiday or a break 
As of 4 October 2013, Nasir has presented weather forecasts for the BBC North West produced regional news programme BBC North West Tonight as well as Look North for Yorkshire and Look North for Lincolnshire and Yorkshire 
Since 2016, Nasir has hosted the weather bulletins for the Met Office online  Nasir has also written a series of children's books including Colin The Cloud 
On 31 October 2016, Nasir joined as full-time weather forecaster for 5 News on Channel 5 

Filmography
Personal life
Nasir has been married to DJ Chris Hawkins since March 2005  She gave birth to a daughter on 11 November 2009, seven weeks early  Clare took maternity leave from GMTV for 5 months from October 2009 to February 2010 
In 2012, Nasir and Hawkins moved to Wilmslow as Hawkins continues working for BBC Radio 6 Music at MediaCityUK Nasir's brother Matt plays in Frank Turner's backing band, The Sleeping Souls 

Books
COLIN THE CLOUD  (2014) Rudling House 
STEVE THE STRATUS  (2015) Rudling House 
What Does Rain Smell Like? (2019)
Passage 6:
Muhammad Nasir
Muhammad Nasir (born 28 March 1937) is a Pakistani boxer  He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1960 Summer Olympics 
Passage 7:
Mohammad Jibran Nasir
Mohammad Jibran Nasir  (Urdu: محمد جبران ناصر; born 10 February 1987) is a Pakistani civil rights activist, and lawyer 

Early life and education
Nasir was born on 10 February 1987 in Karachi, Pakistan  He completed his O-Levels from Saint Michael's Convent School in Karachi, A-Levels from The Lyceum School in Karachi, and went to the University of London International Programme for Bachelor of Law (LLB Hons )  Later, he completed LLM in International Commercial Law from the University of Northumbria, UK 

Activism
He is a lawyer by profession and is known for criticizing state policies regarding banned organisations in Pakistan and call attention to the need for protection of minorities Nasir has been a trustee at Elaj Trust and involved in relief work through Elaj Trust  He founded the NGO, Never Forget Pakistan and is also involved in advocacy for marginalised communities through Pakistan For All Nasir became prominent following the December 2014's Peshawar's school attack which led to 150 dead after he led the procession calling for the arrest of Lal Masjid cleric Abdul Aziz, for which he subsequently received alleged threats from Taliban spokesman He was noted by Foreign Policy Magazine amongst the three Pakistanis making considerable effort against sectarian violence In January 2015, Nasir played a key role in organising a new movement to "Reclaim Pakistan" from violent extremism and played a major role in organising demonstrations carrying playcards and candles  Nasir had been leading protests against terrorism in Pakistan, and was arrested on 5 February 2015 for protesting near the Chief Minister's residence along with other Civil Society activists  Later on the same day, Nasir was released by the Karachi Police   Following his release he addressed protesters gathered and reiterated his 15-day ultimatum to government for taking action against banned organizations In 2017, Nasir filed a complaint with Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) alleging Aamir Liaquat Hussain in his TV show of running a defamatory and life-threatening campaign against him  Following which PEMRA banned TV show of Aamir Liaquat  Rawalpindi police also registered a case against Aamir Liaquat for threatening the life of Nasir  Amnesty International  in a letter to Interior Minister of Pakistan called on the government to take action to protect the lives and rights of activists including of Nasir due to harassment and threats by Aamir Liaquat 

Political career
Nasir ran for seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan and Provincial Assembly of Sindh as an independent candidate from Constituency NA-250 (Karachi-XII) and Constituency PS-113 (Karachi-XXV) respectively in 2013 Pakistani general election, but was unsuccessful after securing a meager 259 votes for the NA seat  He lost the National Assembly seat to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's candidate Arif Alvi and Sindh Assembly seat to Samar Ali Khan  NA-250 was described as one of the most hotly contested seats for the National Assembly  After the 2018 delimitation, the NA-250 constituency was renamed NA-247 In June 2018, he announced to contest in 2018 Pakistani general election as an independent candidate, for the seat of the National Assembly from Constituency NA-247 and for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from Constituency PS-111  His election campaign was titled "Hum Mein Se Aik"  Despite numerous publicity campaigns, he lost elections for both the national and provincial assembly seats by substantial margins 
He ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from Constituency PS-111 as an independent candidate in by-election held on 21 October 2018, but was unsuccessful 
Passage 8:
Shoaib Nasir
Shoaib Nasir (born 26 February 1983) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer who plays for Rawalpindi 
Passage 9:
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi al-Amri (Arabic: عُثْمَان ٱبْن سَعِيد ٱلْأَسَدِيّ عَمْرِوْيّ ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd al-ʾAsadīy al-ʿAmrīy) was the first of the Four Deputies, who are believed by the Twelvers to have successively represented their twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, during his Minor Occultation (874–941 CE)  Uthman is also said to have been a trusted representative of the tenth and eleventh Imams, Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively  The date of his death is not certain, though it is believed that Uthman did not survive al-Askari for long 

Historical background
Until their deaths, the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams (Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively) were held under close surveillance in the garrison town of Samarra by the Abbasids, who are often responsible in Shia sources for poisoning the two Imams  The two Imams witnessed the deterioration of the Abbasid caliphate, as the imperial authority rapidly transitioned into the hands of the Turks, particularly after al-Mutawakkil Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil violently prosecuted the Shia, partly due to the renewed Zaydi opposition  The restrictive policies of al-Mutawakkil towards the tenth Imam were later adopted by his son, al-Mu'tamid, who is reported to have kept the eleventh Imam under house arrest without any visitors  Instead, al-Askari is known to have mainly communicated with his followers through a network of representatives  Among them was Uthman ibn Sa'id, who is said to have disguised himself as a seller of cooking fat to avoid the Abbasid agents, hence his nickname al-Samman  Tabatabai suggests that these restrictions were placed on al-Askari because the caliphate had come to know about traditions among the Shia elite, predicting that the eleventh Imam would father the eschatological Mahdi 

Underground network
The underground network of representatives might date back to Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam, in response to the Abbasid restrictions on him  At the time, the main purpose of this network was to collect the Islamic alms, such as khums and zakat  The Abbasid al-Rashid is said to have carried out a campaign of arrests in 179 (795) to decimate this underground network which ultimately led to the arrest of Musa al-Kazim, the seventh Imam, and his death in prison By the time of Muhammad al-Jawad, the ninth Imam, some of the representatives took administrative and military roles in the caliphate by practicing religious dissimulation (taqiya)  The underground network of Ali al-Hadi, the tenth Imam, was highly developed, especially in Samarra, Baghdad, Mada'in, and Sawad  However, a campaign of arrests and the subsequent tortures by the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil (r  847–861) might have led the caliph to discover that the Imam was behind their activities  Al-Mutawakkil then summoned the Imam to Samarra, where he was kept under close surveillance and possibly house arrest  According to Hussain, restrictions on the later Imams inevitably expanded the role and authority of their representatives, particularly their main agent  By performing certain functions of the Imams, these representatives might have hoped to save the Imams from the political pressure of the Abbasids 

Tenure as an agent of al-Hadi
Uthman was a close associate of the tenth Imam, Ali al-Hadi  It is reported that he was eleven when he first served as an agent for this Imam 

Tenure as an agent of al-Askari
After the death of al-Hadi in 254 (868), his successor, Hasan al-Askari, appointed Uthman as a representative in 256 (869-70)  It also seems certain that Uthman became the closest associate of the eleventh Imam  Both al-Hadi and al-Askari are said to have praised Uthman as highly trustworthy  As a representative of the two Imams, Uthman disguised himself as a seller of cooking fat to avoid the Abbasid agents, hence his nickname al-Samman  It is reported that he collected religious donations, hid them in the containers of cooking fat, and delivered them to al-Askari  After the death of al-Askari in 260 (874), Uthman performed the funeral rites of the eleventh Imam, an honor for which he must have received the permission of al-Askari beforehand 

Tenure as an agent of al-Mahdi
Immediately after the death of al-Askari in 260 (874), Uthman claimed that the eleventh Imam had a young son, named Muhammad, who had entered a state of occultation (ghayba) due to the Abbasid threat to his life  As the special agent of al-Askari, Uthman also claimed that he had been appointed to represent the son of the eleventh Imam  Twelver sources detail that Muhammad al-Mahdi made his only public appearance to lead the funeral prayer for his father instead of his uncle, Ja'far As the closest associate of al-Askari, the local representatives and the Shia community largely recognized Uthman's claim to be the agent of the Hidden Imam  However, there were possibly doubts among the Shia about Uthman's authority to collect and distribute the religious donations  In his new capacity as the caretaker of the office of imamate, Uthman also received petitions and made available their responses, sometimes in writing The date of his death is not certain, but it is believed that Uthman did not survive al-Askari for long  Klemm holds that Uthman died in 880 CE  Uthman was succeeded by his son, Abu Ja'far Muhammad, as the next agent of the Hidden Imam  Tusi in his Rijal reports that the eleventh Imam had appointed Uthman and his son as agents of his son, Muhammad, in the presence of a group of Yemeni followers 

See also
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Uthman
Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri
Passage 10:
Nasir (footballer)
Nasir (born 8 October 1995) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays for Liga 1 club Dewa United, mainly as a left back but also as a left winger 

Club career
Arema FC
At first he was just following his selection at Arema FC, but when Ahmad Nufiandani joined PS TNI, Nasir also got a place to fill the slot for U-23 players  Nasir could follow the selection in Arema FC because it was recommended by former Arema FC players, Andi Robot  He was able to captivate the attention of the coaching team during the selection 

Persebaya Surabaya
He was signed for Persebaya Surabaya to play in the Liga 1 in the 2020 season  This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic  The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021 

Persela Lamongan
He was signed for Persela Lamongan to play in 2021 Menpora Cup and Liga 1 in the 2021 season  Nasir made his debut on 4 September 2021 in a match against PSIS Semarang at the Wibawa Mukti Stadium, Cikarang 

Dewa United
Nasir was signed for Dewa United to play in Liga 1 in the 2022–23 season  He made his debut on 1 October 2022 in a match against RANS Nusantara at the Indomilk Arena, Tangerang 

Career statistics
Club
As of match played 8 July 2023

Honours
Club
Arema

Indonesia President's Cup: 2017, 2019Persebaya Surabaya

East Java Governor Cup: 2020
Context 3: 
She has also written musical theatre pieces   'I Sing of a Maiden', co-written with Rachel Trezise, was an exploration of folk song and young motherhood in the Welsh valleys (2008)  The second, 'Dr Freud's Cabaret', with Anthony Reynolds, featured songs in the voices of Freud's early patients, including The Wolf Man, The Rat Man, Anna O, and Dora 
In 2013, her first crime novel, 'The House on the Cliff', under the name Charlotte Williams, was published by Macmillan  The second, Black Valley, was published in August 2014  These novels have been published in translation in the US (HarperCollins) Holland (Ambo Anthos) and Germany (Lyx Verlag) 

Discography
Albums

Night Visiting Songs (1998)
Down in the Valley (2000)
At Llangennith (2001)
Winter Woods (2003)
Quite Silent (2005)
Dr Freud's Cabaret (2014)Anthologies

The Executioner's Last Songs (2003)
A Woman's Voice (2004)
 Migrating Bird  (2007)
John Barleycorn Reborn (2007)
James Yorkston:When the Haar Rolls in Covers Disc (2008)
Crow Club: Various Artists  (2009)
 Like the Sun Feeds From Flowers  (with Anthony Reynolds) (2010)

Bibliography
Fiction

A Girl's Guide to Modern European Philosophy (2007)
The House on the Cliff (2013)
Black Valley (2014)Non-fiction

Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow (1989)
Icons of Black Music (1999)Plays

 I Sing of a Maiden (with Rachel Trezise) (2008)
 The Confessions  (2009)
 Against the Grain  (2010)
 Dr Freud's Cabaret  (with Anthony Reynolds) (2010)
 Well, He Would, Wouldn't He  (with Mandy Rice Davies) (2013)
Passage 5:
Aleksey Greig
Aleksey Samuilovich Greig (Russian: Алексе́й Самуи́лович Грейг) (6 September 1775 – 18 January 1845), born into the noble Greig family, was an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy  Born in Kronstadt, he was the son of Admiral Samuel Greig (1735–1788, then Governor of Kronstadt), brother-in-law of Mary Somerville, and father of General Samuil Greig (1827–1887), Russian Minister of Finance 
He studied at the Royal High School, Edinburgh under the Rector Alexander Adam from 1783 to 1785, and then served as a volunteer on board HMS Culloden, under Captain Thomas Troubridge 
Greig started his career in the British Royal Navy, serving in East India and Europe from 1785 to 1796  He returned to Russia to take part in the Mediterranean expeditions against France from 1798–1800  Under the command of Admiral Dmitry Senyavin, he distinguished himself in 1807 in the Battle of Athos and the Battle of the Dardanelles, which resulted in the Russian occupation of Lemnos and Tenedos  At the close of the Napoleonic Wars he was placed in command of the sea blockade of Danzig during the 1813 siege of Danzig 
Greig was not the only Russian officer of Scottish descent  While still a captain, he and another Scotsman, Captain Brown, were involved in some trouble due to the wreck of the Imperial frigate Archangel in 1797  In the following year, in the squadron off the Texel, he commanded the 64-gun Retvizan; and Captain Robert Crown, said to be a Scot, had the 74-gun Utislaw In 1801 Greig was banished to Siberia for a time, in consequence of boldly remonstrating with the Emperor Paul for his severity to some British naval prisoners In 1816 Greig became Commander of the Black Sea Fleet, a post which he kept for 17 years  At the same time, he served as Military Governor of Sevastopol and Nikolayev, introducing many reforms and improvements that the grateful citizens of Nikolayev would later erect a statue to his memory in 1873 
During the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29, Greig's bold leadership made itself felt at the Sieges of Varna and Anapa  He was in full command of the Russian fleet, which he had brought from Sevastopol: forty vessels, eight being of the line, acting in conjunction with the troops under Prince Menshikov for three months by sea and land  During these operations the Emperor Nicholas I of Russia was his guest on board the Parizh,
which had the Diplomatic Chancery and 1,300 persons under her flag In 1833 Greig was recalled to Saint Petersburg, where the Emperor Nicholas appointed him a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia and asked him to superintend the construction of the Pulkovo Observatory 
An atoll in French Polynesia Niau is named Greig after Aleksey Greig  It was named in his honor by the Russian Admiral Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820 

Family
Aleksey Greig married Julia Stalinskaya, who was Jewish  This created social problems for them, when the family moved to St Petersburg 
They had five children, and their sons all served in the navy, achieving prominence 
Greig's grandfather Charles was an emigrant from Scotland  His father Samuil was an admiral in the Russian Imperial Navy 

Notes
Passage 6:
Obata Toramori
Obata Toramori (小畠虎盛, 1491 – July 14, 1561) was Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku Period  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen" 
He also recorded as having been wounded 41 times in 36 encounters  
He was the father of Obata Masamori 

See also
Isao Obata
Passage 7:
Geordie Greig
George Carron Greig (born 16 December 1960), known as Geordie Greig, is an English journalist, the editor-in-chief of The Independent since January 2023, and the former editor of the Daily Mail 

Early life and career
Born 16 December 1960 in Lambeth, London, Greig is the son of Sir Carron Greig and Monica Stourton, granddaughter of the 24th Lord Mowbray, Segrave and Stourton  Members of his father's family have been royal courtiers for three generations — including his twin sister Laura, who was a lady-in-waiting to Diana, Princess of Wales  He attended Eton College and St Peter's College, Oxford Greig began his career as a reporter for the South East London and Kentish Mercury newspaper, before joining the Daily Mail and then Sunday Today  He moved to The Sunday Times in 1987, becoming arts correspondent in 1989 and then its American correspondent based in New York in 1991  Greig returned to London in 1995 to become The Sunday Times literary editor and was then appointed editor of Tatler magazine in 1999 

Newspaper editor
He was appointed editor of the Evening Standard in February 2009  During his time as editor the Dispossessed Campaign was launched tackling poverty, illiteracy and unemployment  The campaign led to a Dispossessed Fund which has raised over £9 million for grassroots groups addressing poverty and has helped more than 100,000 people, including the homeless and unemployed 
In 2010 he was appointed editorial director of The Independent, The Independent on Sunday and i (Independent Print Ltd) and the Evening Standard 
In March 2012, Greig became editor of The Mail on Sunday while remaining a director of Independent Print Ltd and the Evening Standard 
He succeeded Paul Dacre as editor of the Daily Mail in September 2018  The Daily Mail's profits were reported as stable in 2019  In June 2020, The Guardian reported that the Daily Mail had surpassed The Sun as the UK's best-selling paper that May His tenure as editor of the Daily Mail came to an end on 17 November 2021  He became consultant editor On 4 January 2023, The Independent announced that he was rejoining the digital news outlet as editor-in-chief 

Other interests
Greig wrote the foreword for the Forward Book of Poetry (1999)  His 2011 book, The Kingmaker is about his grandfather, Louis Greig, who became mentor, physician and friend to Prince Albert, the future King George VI Greig has also written about the life of Lucian Freud in his book Breakfast with Lucian: A Portrait of the Artist published in 2013  }}

Personal life
On 25 November 1995 he married Kathryn Terry, who is originally from Texas; the couple have three children, a son and two daughters  Greig and his family live in Notting Hill, London 
Passage 8:
Cleomenes II
Cleomenes II (Greek: Κλεομένης; died 309 BC) was king of Sparta from 370 to 309 BC  He was the second son of Cleombrotus I, and grandfather of Areus I, who succeeded him  Although he reigned for more than 60 years, his life is completely unknown, apart from a victory at the Pythian Games in 336 BC  Several theories have been suggested by modern historians to explain such inactivity, but none has gained consensus 

Life and reign
Cleomenes was the second son of king Cleombrotus I (r  380–371), who belonged to the Agiad dynasty, one of the two royal families of Sparta (the other being the Eurypontids)  Cleombrotus died fighting Thebes at the famous Battle of Leuctra in 371  His eldest son Agesipolis II succeeded him, but he died soon after in 370



ground_truth: Morocco

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the place of birth of Aleksey Greig's father?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  Cleomenes' reign was instead exceptionally long, lasting 60 years and 10 months according to Diodorus of Sicily, a historian of the 1st century BC  In a second statement, Diodorus nevertheless tells that Cleomenes II reigned 34 years, but he confused him with his namesake Cleomenes I (r  524–490) 

Despite the outstanding length of his reign, very little can be said about Cleomenes  He has been described by modern historians as a "nonentity"  Perhaps that the apparent weakness of Cleomenes inspired the negative opinion of the hereditary kingship at Sparta expressed by Aristotle in his Politics (written between 336 and 322)  However, Cleomenes may have focused on internal politics within Sparta, because military duties were apparently given to the Eurypontid Agesilaus II (r  400–c 360), Archidamus III (r  360–338), and Agis III (r  338–331)  As the Spartans notably kept their policies secret from foreign eyes, it would explain the silence of ancient sources on Cleomenes  Another explanation is that his duties were assumed by his elder son Acrotatus, described as a military leader by Diodorus, who mentions him in the aftermath of the Battle of Megalopolis in 331, and again in 315 Cleomenes' only known deed was his chariot race victory at the Pythian Games in Delphi in 336  In the following autumn, he gave the small sum of 510 drachmas for the reconstruction of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, which had been destroyed by an earthquake in 373  Cleomenes might have made this gift as a pretext to go to Delphi and engage in informal diplomacy with other Greek states, possibly to discuss the consequences of the recent assassination of the Macedonian king Philip II One short witticism of Cleomenes regarding cockfighting is preserved in the Moralia, written by the philosopher Plutarch in the early 2nd century AD:
Somebody promised to give to Cleomenes cocks that would die fighting, but he retorted, "No, don't, but give me those that kill fighting "
As Acrotatus died before Cleomenes, the latter's grandson Areus I succeeded him while still very young, so Cleomenes' second son Cleonymus acted as regent until Areus' majority  Some modern scholars also give Cleomenes a daughter named Archidamia, who played an important role during Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese, but the age difference makes it unlikely 
Passage 9:
Samuel Greig
Vice-Admiral Samuel Greig, or Samuil Karlovich Greig (Russian: Самуи́л Ка́рлович Грейг), as he was known in Russia (30 November 1735, Inverkeithing, Fife, Scotland – 26 October 1788, Tallinn, Estonia, Russian Empire) was a Scottish-born Russian admiral who distinguished himself in the Battle of Chesma (1770) and the Battle of Hogland (1788)  His son Alexey Greig also made a spectacular career in the Imperial Russian Navy 

Early life
He was born on 30 November 1735 in the burgh of Inverkeithing in Fife  Initially he was a seaman who worked on his father's ships before entering the Royal Navy before 1758 as a Master's mate  He was present at naval engagements at the Capture of Gorée (1758), the Battle of Quiberon Bay (1759) and the Battle of Havana (1762)   He was promoted to acting lieutenant in 1761 but the Royal Navy took several years to confirm this rank The court of Russia having requested the government of Great Britain to send out some British naval officers of skill to improve the marine of that country, Lieutenant Greig was selected as one  His superior abilities there  soon attracted the notice of the Russian government, and he was speedily promoted to the rank of captain 

Family
Samuel Greig married Sarah (1752–1793), daughter of Alexander Cook  Their union would give rise to children and grandchildren who later married into the Russian and German nobility 
He was father to Alexey Greig, admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy, who would go on to have his own spectacular career in the Russian Navy  Alexey Greig would become a privy counsellor and knight of all the Imperial Russian Orders 
Greig was father-in-law to Scottish science writer and polymath, Mary Somerville who was a distant cousin of his  Somerville had married Greig's fourth son, Captain Samuil Samuilovich Greig (1778–1807), who was the Russian Consul in London  They had two sons before Greig died in 1807, one of whom, Woronzow Greig (1805–1865) became a barrister and scientist Another son, Ivan Samuilovich Greig (1776–1802), traveled to China but was never heard of again 
His grandson Samuil Alexeyvich Greig (1827–1887) was the Russian Minister of Finance 1877–80  A general-lieutenant, he took part in the defence of Sebastopol during the Crimea War  He is buried in Smolenskoe Lutheran Cemetery in St  Petersburg 

The Battle of Chesma
When some time after the war broke out between the Russians and the Turks, Captain Greig was sent in 1770 under the command of Count Alexey Orlov and Admiral Grigory Spiridov, with a fleet to the Mediterranean  The Turkish fleet of around 15 ships of the line plus frigates and galleys which they met near Chesma Bay, western Turkey, was much superior to the Russian force of 9 ships of the line and 3 frigates  After a severe and sanguinary but indecisive battle, the Turkish fleet retired during the night close into Chesma Bay, where they were protected by batteries on land  Notwithstanding the formidable position which the enemy had taken up, the Russian admiral determined to pursue, and if possible destroy these by means of his fire-ships 
At one o’clock in the morning Captain Greig bore down upon the enemy with his fire-ships, and succeeded in totally destroying the Turkish fleet  Captain Greig, on this occasion assisted by another British officer, a Lieutenant Drysdale, who acted under him, set the match to the fire ships with his own hands  This perilous duty performed, he and Drysdale leaped overboard and swam to their own boats, under a tremendous fire from the Turks, and at the imminent hazard besides of being destroyed by the explosion of their own fire-ships  Following up this success, the Russian fleet now attacked the town and batteries on shore, and by nine o’clock in the morning there was scarcely a vestige remaining of the town, fortifications, or fleet  For this important service, Captain Greig, who had been appointed commodore on his being placed in command of the fire-ships, was immediately promoted by Count Orlov to the rank of admiral, an appointment which was confirmed by an express from the Empress of Russia 
A peace was soon afterwards concluded between the two powers, but this circumstance did not lessen the importance of Admiral Greig's services to the government by which he was employed  He continued indefatigable in his exertions in improving the Russian fleet, remodeling its code of discipline, and by his example infusing a spirit into every department of its economy, which finally made it one of the most formidable marines in Europe  These important services were fully appreciated by the empress, who rewarded them by promoting Greig to the high rank of admiral of the Russian Empire, and governor of Kronstadt  In 1782 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society

The Battle of Hogland
Admiral Greig next distinguished himself against the Swedes, whose fleet he blocked up in port, whilst he himself rode triumphantly in the open seas of the Baltic  Several days after winning the Battle of Hogland, he was attacked by a violent fever, and having been carried to Reval, died on 26 October 1788, on board of his own ship, Rostislav, after a few days' illness, in the 53rd year of his life  As soon as the empress heard of his illness, she, in the utmost anxiety about a life so valuable to herself and her empire, instantly sent for her first physician, Dr Rogerson, and ordered him to proceed immediately to Revel and to do every thing in his power for the admiral's recovery  Dr Rogerson obeyed, but all his skill was unavailing The ceremonial of the admiral's funeral in the Tallinn Cathedral was conducted with the utmost pomp and magnificence  For some days before it took place the body was exposed in state in the hall of the admiralty, and was afterwards conveyed to the grave on a splendid funeral bier drawn by six horses, covered with black cloth, and attended in public procession by an immense concourse of nobility, clergy, and naval and military officers of all ranks; the whole escorted by large bodies of troops, in different divisions; with tolling of bells and firing of cannon from the ramparts and fleet: every thing in short was calculated to express the sorrow of an empire for the loss of one of its most useful men  Catherine, the Empress of Russia, had her architect Giacomo Quarenghi design Greig's tomb 

Honours
In 1864, Greigia is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae is named after him, by Eduard August von Regel (a director of the St Petersburg Botanical Garden) 
Then in 1873, Regel named a species of Tulip after him, Tulipa greigii  Due to Greig once being president of the Russian Horticultural Society 

Family
His eldest son Samuel Greig married Mary Fairfax daughter of Sir William George Fairfax who later married Dr William Somerville and became famous in her own right as Mary Somerville 
Passage 10:
Keiller Greig
John Keiller Greig (12 June 1881 – 1971) was a British figure skater  He was a three-time British national champion and was placed at fourth at the 1908 Olympics 

Competitive highlights



ground_truth: Inverkeithing