prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film whose director was born first, The Abduction Club or Wooden Crosses?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
The Abduction Club
The Abduction Club is a 2002 British-Irish romantic comedy-drama adventure film directed by Stefan Schwartz  Based loosely on real events, the plot centres on a group of outlaws who abduct women in order to marry them  It was written by Richard Crawford and Bill Britten 

Plot
In 18th century Ireland, there are two financially insecure young bachelors, Garrett Byrne and James Strang, whose exploits evolve from the need to secure wealth  Both are younger sons that will not inherit titles and estates so they become members of an infamous society known as the 'Abduction Club', whose main aim is to woo and then abduct wealthy heiresses in order to marry them (therefore providing themselves with financial security)  The men decide to set their sights on the beautiful yet feisty Kennedy sisters, Catherine and Anne, but are unprepared for the negative reaction they are to receive, and they soon find themselves on the run across the Irish countryside (with the sisters in tow) from Anne's cold-hearted admirer, John Power, who does not take kindly to the news of their kidnapping, and with the help of the embittered Attorney General Lord Fermoy, implicates Byrne and Strang in the murder of a Redcoat soldier 

Cast
Alice Evans as Catherine Kennedy
Daniel Lapaine as Garrett Byrne
Sophia Myles as Anne Kennedy
Matthew Rhys as James Strang
Liam Cunningham as John Power
Edward Woodward as Lord Fermoy
Patrick Malahide as Sir Myles
Tom Murphy as Knox
Passage 2:
Wooden Crosses
Wooden Crosses (French: Les Croix de Bois) is a 1932 French war film by Raymond Bernard, based upon a novel by Roland Dorgelès 

Plot
Patriotic student Demachy enlists in the French army in 1914 at the start of World War I  He and his comrades soon experience the terrifying, endless trench war in Champagne, where more and more wooden crosses have to be erected for this cannon fodder 

Cast (in credits order)
Pierre Blanchar as Adjudant Gilbert Demachy
Gabriel Gabrio as Sulphart
Charles Vanel as Caporal Breval
Raymond Aimos as Soldat Fouillard
Antonin Artaud as Soldat Vieuble
Paul Azaïs as Soldat Broucke
René Bergeron as Soldat Hamel
Raymond Cordy as Soldat Vairon
Marcel Delaitre as Sergent Berthier
Jean Galland as Capitaine Cruchet
Pierre Labry as Soldat Bouffioux, Le Cuistot
Geo Laby as Soldat Belin
René Montis as Lieutenant Morache
Jean-François Martial as Soldat Lemoine
Marc Valbel as Maroux
Passage 3:
John McMahon (Surrey and Somerset cricketer)
John William Joseph McMahon (28 December 1917 – 8 May 2001) was an Australian-born first-class cricketer who played for Surrey and Somerset County Cricket Clubs in England from 1947 to 1957 

Surrey cricketer
McMahon was an orthodox left-arm spin bowler with much variation in speed and flight who was spotted by Surrey playing in club cricket in North London and brought on to the county's staff for the 1947 season at the age of 29  In the first innings of his first match, against Lancashire at The Oval, he took five wickets for 81 runs In his first full season, 1948, he was Surrey's leading wicket-taker and in the last home game of the season he was awarded his county cap – he celebrated by taking eight Northamptonshire wickets for 46 runs at The Oval, six of them coming in the space of 6 3 overs for seven runs  This would remain the best bowling performance of his first-class career, not surpassed, but he did equal it seven years later  In the following game, the last away match of the season, he took 10 Hampshire wickets for 150 runs in the match at Bournemouth  In the 1948 season as a whole, he took 91 wickets at an average of 28 07  As a tail-end left-handed batsman, he managed just 93 runs in the season at an average of 4 22 The emergence of Tony Lock as a slow left-arm bowler in 1949 brought a stuttering end of McMahon's Surrey career  Though he played in 12 first-class matches in the 1949 season, McMahon took only 19 wickets; a similar number of matches in 1950 brought 34 wickets  In 1951, he played just seven times and in 1952 only three times  In 1953, Lock split the first finger of his left hand, and played in only 11 of Surrey's County Championship matches; McMahon played as his deputy in 14 Championship matches, though a measure of their comparative merits was that Lock's 11 games produced 67 wickets at 12 38 runs apiece, while McMahon's 14 games brought him 45 wickets at the, for him, low average of 21 53  At the end of the 1953 season, McMahon was allowed to leave Surrey to join Somerset, then languishing at the foot of the County Championship and recruiting widely from other counties and other countries 

Somerset cricketer
Somerset's slow bowling in 1954 was in the hands of leg-spinner Johnny Lawrence, with support from the off-spin of Jim Hilton while promising off-spinner Brian Langford was on national service  McMahon filled a vacancy for a left-arm orthodox spinner that had been there since the retirement of Horace Hazell at the end of the 1952 season; Hazell's apparent successor, Roy Smith, had failed to realise his promise as a bowler in 1953, though his batting had advanced significantly 
McMahon instantly became a first-team regular and played in almost every match during his four years with the county, not missing a single Championship game until he was controversially dropped from the side in August 1957, after which he did not play in the Championship again In the 1954 season, McMahon, alongside fellow newcomer Hilton, was something of a disappointment, according to Wisden: "The new spin bowlers, McMahon and Hilton, did not attain to the best standards of their craft in a wet summer, yet, like the rest of the attack, they would have fared better with reasonable support in the field and from their own batsmen," it said  McMahon took 85 wickets at an average of 27 47 (Hilton took only 42 at a higher average)  His best match was against Essex at Weston-super-Mare where he took six for 96 in the first innings and five for 45 in the second to finish with match figures of 11 for 141, which were the best of his career  He was awarded his county cap in the 1954 season, but Somerset remained at the bottom of the table 
The figures for the 1955 were similar: McMahon this time took 75 wickets at 28 77 apiece  There was a small improvement in his batting and the arrival of Bryan Lobb elevated McMahon to No 10 in the batting order for most of the season, and he responded with 262 runs and an average of 9 03  This included his highest-ever score, 24, made in the match against Sussex at Frome  A week later in Somerset's next match, he equalled his best-ever bowling performance, taking eight Kent wickets for 46 runs in the first innings of a match at Yeovil through what Wisden called "clever variation of flight and spin"  These matches brought two victories for Somerset, but there were only two others in the 1955 season and the side finished at the bottom of the Championship for the fourth season running At the end of the 1955 season, Lawrence retired and McMahon became Somerset's senior spin bowler for the 1956 season, with Langford returning from National Service as the main support  McMahon responded with his most successful season so far, taking 103 wickets at an average of 25 57, the only season in his career in which he exceeded 100 wickets  The bowling average improved still further in 1957 to 23 10 when McMahon took 86 wickets  But his season came to an abrupt end in mid-August 1957 when, after 108 consecutive Championship matches, he was dropped from the first team during the Weston-super-Mare festival  Though he played some games for the second eleven later in August, he regained his place in the first team for only a single end-of-season friendly match, and he was told that his services were not required for the future, a decision, said Wisden, that "proved highly controversial" 

Sacked by Somerset
The reason behind McMahon's sacking did not become public knowledge for many years  In its obituary of him in 2002, McMahon was described by Wisden as "a man who embraced the antipodean virtues of candour and conviviality"  It went on: "Legend tells of a night at the Flying Horse Inn in Nottingham when he beheaded the gladioli with an ornamental sword, crying: 'When Mac drinks, everybody drinks!'" The obituary recounts a further escapade in second eleven match at Midsomer Norton where a curfew imposed on the team was circumvented by "a POW-type loop" organised by McMahon, "with his team-mates escaping through a ground-storey window and then presenting themselves again"  As the only Somerset second eleven match that McMahon played in at Midsomer Norton was right at the end of the 1957 season, this may have been the final straw  But in any case there had been "an embarrassing episode at Swansea's Grand Hotel" earlier in the season, also involving Jim Hilton, who was also dismissed at the end of the season  Team-mates and club members petitioned for McMahon to be reinstated, but the county club was not to be moved 
After a period in Lancashire League cricket with Milnrow Cricket Club, McMahon moved back to London where he did office work, later contributing some articles to cricket magazines 


== Notes and references ==
Passage 4:
Stefan Schwartz
Stefan Schwartz (born 1 May 1963) is an English and Canadian film and television director, writer and actor, most known for the feature film Shooting Fish and his work on the BBC's Spooks and Luther, AMC's The Walking Dead and Fear The Walking Dead as well as The Americans and The Boys 

Career
1992–2007
Stefan Schwartz teamed up with Richard Holmes at The University of York and formed The Gruber Brothers  The duo made a number of films together including their feature film debut Soft Top Hard Shoulder (1992) starring Peter Capaldi and Phyllis Logan, which won two BAFTAs in Scotland and the London Film Festival's prestigious audience award  Building on this success in 1995 he directed Giving Tongue, shown as part of BBC2′s Wicked Women series and in 1997 wrote and directed Shooting Fish, a crime-caper comedy starring Kate Beckinsale which won several awards and made over twenty million dollars worldwide He then signed a three-year deal to write and direct for Miramax and wrote screenplays for them, teaming up with notable producers such as Laurence Bender and Jennifer and Suzanne Todd before directing The Abduction Club (2002) for Pathe Films His next film as writer/director was the romantic comedy The Best Man starring Stuart Townsend, Amy Smart and Seth Green in 2005 

2007–2015
In television, he directed Hustle, the award-winning Spooks and The Ghost Train for Lynda La Plante before moving on to the season finale of the ground-breaking series, Luther, for the BBC  In the US he has directed several episodes of the critically acclaimed Crash with Dennis Hopper, joined the Starz series Camelot, which he directed for and also co-executive produced, and directed for the much praised Dexter series 
After finishing Being Human for Syfy Stefan directed in the final season of House and worked in New York on White Collar  He then went back to Showtime for another episode of Dexter 
Autumn 2012 he worked in Paris with Jean Reno on the series Jo, before travelling to Atlanta to shoot The Walking Dead for which he won Online Film & Television Association -  Television Award - Best Direction in a Drama Series for The Walking Dead 
Early 2013 he directed the mid-season finale of ABC's hit show Revenge, then went back to work on the final season of Dexter 
AMC then asked him back to direct Low Winters Sun in Detroit before heading back to New York to shoot the season opener of  White Collar  From there to Pittsburgh to direct Chloe Sevigny and James D'Arcy in Those Who Kill, and then to South Africa to shoot the first episode of Black Sails for Starz, (second season) 
In 2014 he started the year in New York on The Americans then worked with Diane Kruger on The Bridge  He won the OFTA Television Award for Best Direction in a Drama Series  – The walking Dead 
Summer 2014 he completed an episode of the new Starz show called Flesh and Bone set in the world of ballet and written by Adam Rapp and Moira Walley-Beckett  Then Power 

2015–2018
In 2015 Stefan returned to Cape Town to shoot two new episodes of Black Sails directing some of the most complex action/vfx sequences on television at that time  In the same year, he also directed the season finale of Fear the Walking Dead season 1 in Los Angeles, before crossing the country to direct episode 4 of The Americans season 4 in New York 

Filmography
Film
Television
As director
As actor
Passage 5:
Hartley Lobban
Hartley W Lobban (9 May 1926 – 15 October 2004) was a Jamaican-born first-class cricketer who played 17 matches for Worcestershire in the early 1950s 

Life and career
Lobban played little cricket in Jamaica  He went to England at the end of World War II as a member of the Royal Air Force, and settled in Kidderminster in Worcestershire in 1947, where he worked as a civilian lorry driver for the RAF  He began playing for Kidderminster Cricket Club in the Birmingham League, and at the start of the 1952 season, opening the bowling for the club's senior team, he had figures of 7 for 9 and 7 for 37 Worcestershire invited him to play for them, and he made his first-class debut against Sussex in July 1952  He took five wickets in the match (his maiden victim being Ken Suttle) and then held on for 4 not out with Peter Richardson (20 not out) to add the 12 runs needed for a one-wicket victory after his county had collapsed from 192 for 2 to 238 for 9  A week later he claimed four wickets against Warwickshire, then a few days later still he managed 6 for 52 (five of his victims bowled) in what was otherwise a disastrous innings defeat to Derbyshire  In the last match of the season he took a career-best 6 for 51 against Glamorgan; he and Reg Perks (4 for 59) bowled unchanged throughout the first innings  Worcestershire won the game and Lobban finished the season with 23 wickets at 23 69 He took 23 wickets again in 1953, but at a considerably worse average of 34 43, and had only two really successful games: against Oxford University in June, when he took 5 for 70, and then against Sussex in July  On this occasion Lobban claimed eight wickets, his most in a match, including 6 for 103 in the first innings  He also made his highest score with the bat, 18, but Sussex won by five wickets In 1954 Lobban made only two first-class appearances, and managed only the single wicket of Gloucestershire tail-ender Bomber Wells  In his final game, against Warwickshire at Dudley, his nine first-innings overs cost 51  He bowled just two overs in the second innings as Warwickshire completed an easy ten-wicket win  Lobban played one more Second XI game, against Glamorgan II at Cardiff Arms Park; in this he picked up five wickets 
He was also a professional boxer and played rugby union for Kidderminster He later moved to Canada, where he worked as a teacher in Burnaby, British Columbia  He and his wife Celia had a son and two daughters 
Passage 6:
Raymond Bernard
Raymond Bernard (10 October 1891 – 12 December 1977) was a French film director and screenwriter whose career spanned more than 40 years  He is best remembered for several large-scale historical productions, including the silent films Le Miracle des loups (The Miracle of the Wolves) and Le Joueur d'échecs (The Chess Player) and in the 1930s Les Croix de bois (Wooden Crosses) and a highly regarded adaptation of Les Misérables 

Biography
Raymond Bernard was born in Paris in 1891, the son of the author and humorist Tristan Bernard and younger brother of the playwright Jean-Jacques Bernard  He began his career as an actor appearing on stage in plays written by his father, including Jeanne Doré (1913) alongside Sarah Bernhardt (also filmed in 1916)  In 1917, Bernard began to work behind the camera as assistant to Jacques Feyder at Gaumont and then continued as a director, principally adapting plays by his father  In these popular entertainments, he soon gained experience of working with leading performers such as Max Linder and Charles Dullin In 1924, Bernard embarked upon a new style of film, the historical spectacle, with Le Miracle des loups set in 15th-century France in the reign of Louis XI  This proved to be the most expensive film of its day and one of the more profitable  Bernard's ability to combine dramatic narrative with spacious settings and large numbers of performers was utilised in the two remaining productions of his silent film career, Le Joueur d'échecs (1927) and Tarakanova (1930) Bernard's film-making in the sound era continued for nearly three decades  Further large-scale productions included his film about the First World War, Les Croix de bois (1932), and a three-part adaptation of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables (1934) which was nearly five hours in length  In his later films, he returned to modest projects and budgets, including a number of sophisticated comedies  During the wartime Occupation of France, Bernard as a Jew was obliged to remain in hiding, and his film-making ceased until the end of the war 
He retired from film-making in 1958, but in the 1970s, when he was in his 80s, he was able to supervise the reconstruction of Les Misérables, which had been severely truncated in the 1940s for easier distribution  In 1977, shortly after the broadcast of a nearly complete version on French television, Bernard died at age 86 Raymond Bernard was an Officer of the Legion of Honour 

Filmography (as director)
Le Ravin sans fond (1917) (co-directed with Jacques Feyder)
Le Traitement du hoquet (1917)
Le Gentilhomme commerçant (1918)
Le Petit Café (1919) (The Little Café)
Le Secret de Rosette Lambert (1920) (The Secret of Rosette Lambert)
La Maison vide (1921)
Triplepatte (1922)
L'Homme inusable (1923)
Grandeur et Décadence (1923)
Le Costaud des Épinettes (1923)
Le Miracle des loups (1924) (The Miracle of the Wolves)
Le Joueur d'échecs (1927) (The Chess Player)
Tarakanova (1930)
Faubourg Montmartre (1931) (Montmartre)
Les Croix de bois (1932) (Wooden Crosses)
Les Misérables (1934)
Tartarin de Tarascon (1934)
Amants et Voleurs (1935) (Lovers and Thieves)
Anne-Marie (1936)
Le Coupable (1937) (Culprit)
Marthe Richard au service de la France (1937)
J'étais une aventurière (1938) (I Was an Adventuress)
Les Otages (1939) (The Mayor's Dilemma)
Cavalcade d'amour (1940) (Love Cavalcade)
Un ami viendra ce soir (1946) (A Friend Will Come Tonight)
Adieu chérie (1946) (Goodbye Darling)
Maya (1949)
Le Cap de l'espérance (1951) (The Cape of Hope)
Le Jugement de Dieu (1952) (Judgement of God)
La Dame aux camélias (1953) (Lady of the Camelias)
La Belle de Cadix (1953) (The Beauty of Cadiz)
Les Fruits de l'été (1955) (Fruits of Summer)
Le Septième Commandement (1957) (The Seventh Commandment)
Le Septième Ciel (1958) (Seventh Heaven)
Passage 7:
Deepak Sareen
Deepak Sareen is a Bollywood film director and assistant director  His first film as director was Ranbhoomi and last film as director was Albela 

As assistant director
Deewaar (1975)
Kabhi Kabhi (1976)
Doosra Aadmi (1977)
Silsila (1981)
Mashaal (1984)
Faasle (1985)

As director
Ranbhoomi (1991)
Aaina (1993)
Gaddaar (1995)
Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai (1998)
Albela (2001)

External links
Deepak Sareen at IMDb
Passage 8:
Ringo-en no shōjo
Ringo-en no shōjo (リンゴ園の少女, Ringo-en no shōjo, lit  "Girl of Apple Park") is a 1952 black and white Japanese film directed by Koji Shima The art director was Tomoo Shimogawara 

Cast
Hibari Misora as Marumi
Akihiko Katayama
Kokuten Kōdō
Yōko Kosono as Yoko Kozono
Koji Mitsui
Hideaki Miura
Bontarō Miyake as Bontaro Miake
Zeko Nakamura as Zekō Nakamura
Takeshi Sakamoto
Isao Yamagata
So Yamamura

See also
List of films in the public domain in the United States
Passage 9:
Henry Moore (cricketer)
Henry Walter Moore (1849 – 20 August 1916) was an English-born first-class cricketer who spent most of his life in New Zealand 

Life and family
Henry Moore was born in Cranbrook, Kent, in 1849  He was the son of the Reverend Edward Moore and Lady Harriet Janet Sarah Montagu-Scott, who was one of the daughters of the 4th Duke of Buccleuch  One of his brothers, Arthur, became an admiral and was knighted  Their great 
grandfather was John Moore, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1783 to 1805  One of their sisters was a maid of honour to Queen Victoria Moore went to New Zealand in the 1870s and lived in Geraldine and Christchurch  He married Henrietta Lysaght of Hāwera in November 1879, and they had one son  In May 1884 she died a few days after giving birth to a daughter, who also died In 1886 Moore became a Justice of the Peace in Geraldine  In 1897 he married Alice Fish of Geraldine  They moved to England four years before his death in 1916 

Cricket career
Moore was a right-handed middle-order batsman  In consecutive seasons, 1876–77 and 1877–78, playing for Canterbury, he made the highest score in the short New Zealand first-class season: 76 and 75 respectively  His 76 came in his first match for Canterbury, against Otago  He went to the wicket early on the first day with the score at 7 for 2 and put on 99 for the third wicket with Charles Corfe before he was out with the score at 106 for 3 after a "very fine exhibition of free hitting, combined with good defence"  Canterbury were all out for 133, but went on to win the match  His 75 came in the next season's match against Otago, when he took the score from 22 for 2 to 136 for 6  The New Zealand cricket historian Tom Reese said, "Right from the beginning he smote the bowling hip and thigh, going out of his ground to indulge in some forceful driving " Canterbury won again Moore led the batting averages in the Canterbury Cricket Association in 1877–78 with 379 runs at an average of 34 4  Also in 1877–78, he was a member of the Canterbury team that inflicted the only defeat on the touring Australians  In 1896–97, at the age of 47, he top-scored in each innings for a South Canterbury XVIII against the touring Queensland cricket team 
Passage 10:
Wale Adebanwi
Wale Adebanwi (born 1969) is a Nigerian-born first Black Rhodes Professor at St Antony's College, Oxford where he was, until June 2021, a Professor of Race Relations, and the Director of the African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, and a Governing Board Fellow  He is currently a Presidential Penn Compact Professor of Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania  Adebanwi's research focuses on a range of topics in the areas of social change, nationalism and ethnicity, race relations, identity politics, elites and cultural politics, democratic process, newspaper press and spatial politics in Africa 

Education background
Wale Adebanwi graduated with a first degree in Mass Communication from the University of Lagos, and later earned his M Sc  and Ph D  in Political Science from the University of Ibadan  He also has an MPhil  and a Ph D  in Social Anthropology from the University of Cambridge 

Career
Adebanwi worked as a freelance reporter, writer, journalist and editor for many newspapers and magazines before he joined the University of Ibadan's Department of Political Science as a lecturer and researcher  He was later appointed as an assistant professor in the African American and African Studies Department of the University of California, Davis, USA  He became a full professor at UC Davis in 2016 Adebanwi is the co-editor of Africa: Journal of the International African Institute and the Journal of Contemporary African Studies 

Works
His published works include:
Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press, 2016)
Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria (Carolina Academic Press, 2012)In addition, he is the editor and co-editor of other books, including 

The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (James Currey Publishers, 2017)
Writers and Social Thought in Africa (Routledge, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) 
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration (Routledge, 2012)
(co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) Encountering the Nigerian State (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 

Awards
Rhodes Professorship in Race Relations awarded by Oxford University to Faculty of African and Interdisciplinary Area Studies 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Sula Island
Sula Island is an island located in the Albay province of the Philippines 

See also
List of islands of the Philippines
Passage 2:
Henry Island (Nova Scotia)
Henry Island is an island located in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in the Northumberland Strait of Nova Scotia, Canada, just east of Prince Edward Island and southwest of Port Hood Island 

Geography
Consisting of 150 acres (0 61 km2) of mostly forested tract, the 2½ mile long by 1-mile (1 6 km) wide island has up to 100-foot (30 m) cliffs along the west shore, and beaches of shallow shoals along the east shore   The water along the west shore reaches depths of up to 80 feet (24 m)   There are no year-round residents   Privately owned, the family inhabits the island in the summer 

History
Early nautical charts refer to the island as Iles aux Jestico or Juste-au-Corps, the previous county name of the current-day Inverness County, Nova Scotia   There is some debate over the origin of the current name, Henry   One theory has it that the island was named for Henry Hood, son of Admiral Samuel Hood, commander-in-chief of the Royal Navy of North America in the late 18th century   Others think it may have been named for Prince William Henry, the uncle of Queen Victoria 
The first person known to have settled the island was James Campbell during the 18th century   By this time an area of great maritime activity, a lighthouse existed on the summit as early as 1854   During the period of the Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty which was in effect from 1854 to 1866, fishermen set up temporary camps each summer on Henry Island   Soon after the treaty expired the area was overcome by economic depression   Nearly 30 years later, the original lighthouse was replaced with the currently standing 53-foot (16 m) red and white lighthouse in 1902 under the supervision of foreman Jim MacDonnell of Margaree Harbor, Nova Scotia for a total cost of $3,489   The current lighthouse remains the property of the Canadian Coast Guard  An adjacent house had also been constructed in 1901   This new lighthouse had been a campaign promise of Parliament member Angus MacLennan, M D  The first three lighthouse keepers were relatives and descendants of MacLennan: John MacLennan from 1901, Daniel MacLennan, starting in 1907, and Charles MacLennan, the father of a local shopkeeper, Sadie Murphy   The last known keeper before the lighthouse was automated was Sterling Morrison, who became keeper in 1961 for a very brief period   By 1992, the adjacent house had not been lived in for 40 years and had been vandalized, and a nearby shed destroyed   The island was purchased by William F  Baker, who undertook the restoration of the home back to its original state 

Transportation
Henry Island is accessible for day tours around the periphery and walking tours to the lighthouse via boat through Port Hood Island Views Boat Tours 
Passage 3:
Ingmarsö
Ingmarsö is an island located in the Stockholm archipelago in Sweden 
Passage 4:
Fairbank Island (Michigan)
Fairbank Island is an island located in Chippewa County, Michigan, United States 
Passage 5:
Jeløya
Jeløya is an island located in the municipality of Moss in Østfold County, Norway 

History
Jeløya was actually a peninsula in the Oslofjord, but was divided from the mainland in 1855 by the Moss canal (Mossekanalen)  a 20-meter broad canal that was built through the low isthmus  The Canal Bridge (Kanalbrua) is the link between Jeløya and the mainland at Moss  This was at first a low, sliding bridge, and since 1957 a simple-leaf Bascule bridge, but dating from the early 1990s has been locked and unable to open  Part of the city of Moss lies on the south-eastern part of Jeløya 
At 19 km2, Jeløya is the largest island in the Oslofjord  Geologically, Jeløya is largely made up of a young lava rock-type from the Permian period  Other islands in the Oslofjord formed during that same time period include Revlingen, Eldøya, Missingene and the Søsterøyene  Ringerike sandstone is found in some parts of Jeløya, and fossil cephalaspids have been found  The largest Norwegian moraine from the Ice Age crosses Jeløya, goes to the east of Moss and Rygge and continues through Sweden to Finland Until the 1990s, two of Moss' largest industrial zones were on the southern part of Jeløya - Moss Glassverk  and Moss Verft  Moss Glassverk produced glass containers from 1898 until 1999  Moss Verft was a shipyard formed in 1870 which was active in shipbuilding until 1987 and was historically one of the biggest employers in the municipality  These areas are now turning into costly apartments and post-industrial businesses  Jeløya is today best known for its beaches, its scenery, a swarming harbor with boats, and Refsnes Gods,  a hotel with a renowned cuisine 
Jeløya is the site of a number of country manor houses on farms including Grønli gård and Kubberød gård  Torderød gård is now owned by Moss Municipality which hosts tours during the summer



ground_truth: Wooden Crosses

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which film has the director who died earlier, Il Gaucho or Bomgay?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Brian Kennedy (gallery director)
Brian Patrick Kennedy (born 5 November 1961) is an Irish-born art museum director who has worked in Ireland and Australia, and now lives and works in the United States   He was the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem for 17 months, resigning December 31, 2020  He was the director of the Toledo Museum of Art in Ohio from 2010 to 2019  He was the director of the Hood Museum of Art from 2005 to 2010, and the National Gallery of Australia (Canberra) from 1997 to 2004 

Career
Brian Kennedy currently lives and works in the United States after leaving Australia in 2005 to direct the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College  In October 2010 he became the ninth Director of the Toledo Museum of Art  On 1 July 2019, he succeeded Dan Monroe as the executive director and CEO of the Peabody Essex Museum 

Early life and career in Ireland
Kennedy was born in Dublin and attended Clonkeen College  He received B A  (1982), M A  (1985) and PhD (1989) degrees from University College-Dublin, where he studied both art history and history 
He worked in the Irish Department of Education (1982), the European Commission, Brussels (1983), and in Ireland at the Chester Beatty Library (1983–85), Government Publications Office (1985–86), and Department of Finance (1986–89)  He married Mary Fiona Carlin in 1988 He was Assistant Director at the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1989 to 1997  He was Chair of the Irish Association of Art Historians from 1996 to 1997, and of the Council of Australian Art Museum Directors from 2001 to 2003  In September 1997 he became Director of the National Gallery of Australia 

National Gallery of Australia (NGA)
Kennedy expanded the traveling exhibitions and loans program throughout Australia, arranged for several major shows of Australian art abroad, increased the number of exhibitions at the museum itself and oversaw the development of an extensive multi-media site   Although he oversaw several years of the museum's highest ever annual visitation, he discontinued the emphasis of his predecessor, Betty Churcher, on showing "blockbuster" exhibitions 
During his directorship, the NGA gained government support for improving the building and significant private donations and corporate sponsorship  However, the initial design for the building proved controversial generating a public dispute with the original architect on moral rights grounds   As a result, the project was not delivered during Dr Kennedy's tenure, with a significantly altered design completed some years later   Private funding supported two acquisitions of British art, including David Hockney's A Bigger Grand Canyon in 1999, and Lucian Freud's After Cézanne in 2001  Kennedy built on the established collections at the museum by acquiring the Holmgren-Spertus collection of Indonesian textiles; the Kenneth Tyler collection of editioned prints, screens, multiples and unique proofs; and the Australian Print Workshop Archive  He was also notable for campaigning for the construction of a new "front" entrance to the Gallery, facing King Edward Terrace, which was completed in 2010 (see reference to the building project above) 
Kennedy's cancellation of the "Sensation exhibition" (scheduled at the NGA from 2 June 2000 to 13 August 2000) was controversial, and seen by some as censorship  He claimed that the decision was due to the exhibition being "too close to the market" implying that a national cultural institution cannot exhibit the private collection of a speculative art investor  However, there were other exhibitions at the NGA during his tenure, which could have raised similar concerns  The exhibition featured the privately owned Young British Artists works belonging to Charles Saatchi and attracted large attendances in London and Brooklyn  Its most controversial work was Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary, a painting which used elephant dung and was accused of being blasphemous  The then-mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani, campaigned against the exhibition, claiming it was "Catholic-bashing" and an "aggressive, vicious, disgusting attack on religion " In November 1999, Kennedy cancelled the exhibition and stated that the events in New York had "obscured discussion of the artistic merit of the works of art"  He has said that it "was the toughest decision of my professional life, so far "Kennedy was also repeatedly questioned on his management of a range of issues during the Australian Government's Senate Estimates process - particularly on the NGA's occupational health and safety record and concerns about the NGA's twenty-year-old air-conditioning system  The air-conditioning was finally renovated in 2003  Kennedy announced in 2002 that he would not seek extension of his contract beyond 2004, accepting a seven-year term as had his two predecessors He became a joint Irish-Australian citizen in 2003 

Toledo Museum of Art
The Toledo Museum of Art is known for its exceptional collections of European and American paintings and sculpture, glass, antiquities, artist books, Japanese prints and netsuke  The museum offers free admission and is recognized for its historical leadership in the field of art education   During his tenure, Kennedy has focused the museum's art education efforts on visual literacy, which he defines as "learning to read, understand and write visual language "   Initiatives have included baby and toddler tours, specialized training for all staff, docents, volunteers and the launch of a website, www vislit org  In November 2014, the museum hosted the International Visual Literacy Association (IVLA) conference, the first Museum to do so  Kennedy has been a frequent speaker on the topic, including 2010 and 2013 TEDx talks on visual and sensory literacy 
Kennedy has expressed an interest in expanding the museum's collection of contemporary art and art by indigenous peoples  Works by Frank Stella, Sean Scully, Jaume Plensa, Ravinder Reddy and Mary Sibande have been acquired   In addition, the museum has made major acquisitions of Old Master paintings by Frans Hals and Luca Giordano During his tenure the Toledo Museum of Art has announced the return of several objects from its collection due to claims the objects were stolen and/or illegally exported prior being sold to the museum   In 2011 a Meissen sweetmeat stand was returned to Germany followed by an Etruscan Kalpis or water jug to Italy (2013), an Indian sculpture of Ganesha (2014) and an astrological compendium to Germany in 2015 

Hood Museum of Art
Kennedy became Director of the Hood Museum of Art in July 2005  During his tenure, he implemented a series of large and small-scale exhibitions and oversaw the production of more than 20 publications to bring greater public attention to the museum's remarkable collections of the arts of America, Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Polar regions  At 70,000 objects, the Hood has one of the largest collections on any American college of university campus  The exhibition, Black Womanhood: Images, Icons, and Ideologies of the African Body, toured several US venues  Kennedy increased campus curricular use of works of art, with thousands of objects pulled from storage for classes annually  Numerous acquisitions were made with the museum's generous endowments, and he curated several exhibitions: including Wenda Gu: Forest of Stone Steles: Retranslation and Rewriting Tang Dynasty Poetry, Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, and Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons 

Publications
Kennedy has written or edited a number of books on art, including:

Alfred Chester Beatty and Ireland 1950-1968: A study in cultural politics, Glendale Press (1988), ISBN 978-0-907606-49-9
Dreams and responsibilities: The state and arts in independent Ireland, Arts Council of Ireland (1990), ISBN 978-0-906627-32-7
Jack B Yeats: Jack Butler Yeats, 1871-1957 (Lives of Irish Artists), Unipub (October 1991), ISBN 978-0-948524-24-0
The Anatomy Lesson: Art and Medicine (with Davis Coakley), National Gallery of Ireland (January 1992), ISBN 978-0-903162-65-4
Ireland: Art into History (with Raymond Gillespie), Roberts Rinehart Publishers (1994), ISBN 978-1-57098-005-3
Irish Painting, Roberts Rinehart Publishers (November 1997),  ISBN 978-1-86059-059-7
Sean Scully: The Art of the Stripe, Hood Museum of Art (October 2008), ISBN 978-0-944722-34-3
Frank Stella: Irregular Polygons, 1965-1966, Hood Museum of Art (October 2010), ISBN 978-0-944722-39-8

Honors and achievements
Kennedy was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in 2001 for service to Australian Society and its art  He is a trustee and treasurer of the Association of Art Museum Directors, a peer reviewer for the American Association of Museums and a member of the International Association of Art Critics  In 2013 he was appointed inaugural eminent professor at the University of Toledo and received an honorary doctorate from Lourdes University  Most recently, Kennedy received the 2014 Northwest Region, Ohio Art Education Association award for distinguished educator for art education 


== Notes ==
Passage 2:
G  Marthandan
G  Marthandan is an Indian film director who works in Malayalam cinema  His debut film is Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus

Early life
G  Marthandan was born to M  S  Gopalan Nair and P  Kamalamma at Changanassery in Kottayam district of Kerala  He did his schooling at NSS Boys School Changanassery and completed his bachelor's degree in Economics at NSS Hindu College, Changanassery 

Career
After completing his bachelor's degree, Marthandan entered films as an associate director with the unreleased film Swarnachamaram directed by Rajeevnath in 1995  His next work was British Market, directed by Nissar in 1998  He worked as an associate director for 18 years He made his directional debut with Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus in 2013, starring Mammooty in the lead role  His next movie was in 2015, Acha Dhin, with Mammooty and Mansi Sharma in the lead roles  Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus and Paavada were box office successes 

Filmography
As director
As associate director
As actor
TV serialKanyadanam (Malayalam TV series) - pilot episode

Awards
Ramu Kariat Film Award - Paavada (2016)
JCI Foundation Award - Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus (2013)
Passage 3:
Riyad Vinci Wadia
Riyad Vinci Wadia (19 September 1967 – 30 November 2003) was an Indian independent filmmaker from Bombay, known for his short film, BOMgAY (1996), possibly the very first gay themed movie from India  Born into the filmmaking Wadia family, he inherited the production company Wadia Movietone which is known for the Fearless Nadia movies which are one of their kind in the superwoman and stunt genre when other movies of their time usually portrayed women in submissive roles   Wadia is also known for his award-winning documentary on Nadia, Fearless: The Hunterwali Story (1993), which was written about in Time magazine and made a name for Riyad at the very outset of his brief but impactful career 

Personal life
Riyad was born in Bombay to Nargis and Vinci Wadia, son of the legendary filmmaker JBH Wadia who was one of the founding fathers of stunt films and mythological films in India  The latter's production firm, Wadia Movietone, which Riyad would later inherit, launched into the Indian film industry (later known as Bollywood) the Australian actress Mary Evans who was known popularly as 'Fearless Nadia'  Riyad did his schooling at Bombay International School, briefly attended St  Xavier's College, and later went to Australia to the Charles Sturt Film School in Wagga Wagga  Riyad was openly gay, and BOMgAY was India's first overtly gay-themed film 

Recognition
Nicknamed as 'The Turk' of the Indian Independent cinema, Riyad's films are still being referred to in many books about Bollywood, be it gay themes in Indian Cinema, or the ones about JBH Wadia and Fearless Nadia  His first documentary, Fearless : The Hunterwali Story, which is based on the life of Mary (aka Nadia) Wadia, got screened at over 50 international film festivals, such as The Berlin International Film Festival (1994) and The London Film Festival (1993)  The short film, BOMgAY, with shooting locations such as the gay cruising spots of the Victoria Terminus urinals and the Bombay local tracks along which people defecate, was described as "part Bollywood, part Genet"  The film, based on the gay-themed poetry of the Poona-based R  Raj Rao, explored the underground gay subculture of Bombay and marked the entry of queer themes into Indian Cinema  The film had a limited release in India, thanks to its explicit content  It got screened at a number of international film festivals and finds mention in the research works on the history of queer themes in Indian Cinema as the first queer themed film from India An award has been instituted in his memory by his mother and brother at the KASHISH Mumbai International Queer Film Festival and awarded every year since 2011  The Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker is given to first or second time filmmaker whose LGBTQ+ short film is being screened at the festival 

Final years
Riyad tested positive for HIV in 1995  Though he was quite capable of affording the then expensive HIV medication, he refused to be on any kind of dosage  He left India shortly after the production of BOMgAY, supporting himself with petty jobs in New York and writing a regular column for The New Indian Express  Things got difficult post 9/11, with not many jobs available, forcing him to get back to Bombay  Riyad was lost to stomach tuberculosis on 30 November 2003, in Bombay  At the time of his death, he was in the process of generating funds for his supposed first full-length film (unfinished), Naked Rain, based on R  Raj Rao's novel, Boyfriend   "He made a very important contribution to the gay cause and was one of the central figures to begin the broad-basing of the gay movement in India," says gay activist Ashok Row Kavi  The Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker was instituted with funding from Wadia Movietone (through Riyad's brother Roy) in 2011 by Kashish, the noted international queer film festival held annually in Bombay 

Works
Films
Fearless : The Hunterwali Story (1993)
Bomgay (1996)
A Mermaid called Aida (1996)
Writings
Long Life of a Short Film: The Making of BOMgAY
Wadia also wrote columns for The New Indian Express 
Passage 4:
Abhishek Saxena
Abhishek Saxena is an Indian Bollywood and Punjabi film director who directed the movie Phullu  The Phullu movie was released in theaters on 16 June 2017, in which film Sharib Hashmi is the lead role  Apart from these, he has also directed Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi film  This film was screened in cinemas in 2014 

Life and background
Abhishek Saxena was born on 19 September 1988 in the capital of India, Delhi, whose father's name is Mukesh Kumar Saxena  Abhishek Saxena married Ambica Sharma Saxena on 18 December 2014  His mother's name is Gurpreet Kaur Saxena 
Saxena started his career with a Punjabi film Patiala Dreamz, after which he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu, which has appeared in Indian cinemas on 16 June 2017 

Career
Abhishek Saxena made his film debut in 2011 as an assistant director on Doordarshan with Ashok Gaikwad  He made his first directed film Patiala Dreamz, this is a Punjabi movie After this, he has also directed a Hindi film Phullu in 2017, which has been screened in cinemas on 16 June 2017  Saxena is now making his upcoming movie "India Gate" 
In 2018 Abhishek Saxena has come up with topic of body-shaming in his upcoming movie Saroj ka Rishta 
 Where Sanah Kapoor will play the role of Saroj and actors Randeep Rai and Gaurav Pandey will play the two men in Saroj's life Yeh Un Dinon ki Baat Hai lead Randeep Rai will make his Bollywood debut  Talking about the film, director Abhishek Saxena told Mumbai Mirror, "As a fat person, I have noticed that body-shaming doesn’t happen only with those who are on the heavier side, but also with thin people  The idea germinated from there "
Career as an Assistant DirectorApart from this, he has played the role of assistant director in many films and serials in the beginning of his career, in which he has a television serial in 2011, Doordarshan, as well as in 2011, he also assisted in a serial of Star Plus 
In addition to these serials, he played the role of assistant director in the movie "Girgit" which was made in Telugu language 

Filmography
As Director
Passage 5:
Dino Risi
Dino Risi (23 December 1916 – 7 June 2008) was an Italian film director  With Mario Monicelli, Luigi Comencini, Nanni Loy and Ettore Scola, he was one of the masters of commedia all'italiana 

Biography
Risi was born in Milan  He had an older brother, Fernando, a cinematographer, and a younger brother, Nelo (1920–2015), a director and writer  At the age of twelve, Risi became an orphan and was looked after by relatives and friends of his family  He studied medicine but refused to become a psychiatrist, as his parents wishedRisi started his career in cinema as an assistant director to cinema figures such as Mario Soldati and Alberto Lattuada  Later he began directing his own films and was credited with giving early opportunities to future acting stars such as Sophia Loren and Vittorio Gassman  His 1966 film Treasure of San Gennaro was entered into the 5th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize His biggest hits were Poor, But Handsome (Poveri ma belli), followed by two sequels, which he also directed; A Difficult Life (Una vita difficile); The Easy Life (Il sorpasso); Opiate '67 or, in a cut version, 15 From Rome (I Mostri); and Scent of a Woman (Profumo di Donna), which was remade by Martin Brest starring Al Pacino in 1992 In 2002, he was awarded the Golden Lion – Honorary Award (Leone d'oro alla carriera) at the Venice Film Festival for his life-time work  Two of his films, Il giovedì and Il commissario Lo Gatto, were shown in a retrospective section on Italian comedy at the 67th Venice International Film Festival He died on 7 June 2008 at his residence in Rome  He was 91 and was survived by two children, Claudio Risi (1948–2020) and Marco Risi (1951), both film directors 

Filmography
Passage 6:
Ben Palmer
Ben Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director 
His television credits include the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta! (2002–2006), the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009–2010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020)  Palmer has also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and the romantic comedy Man Up (2015) 

Biography
Palmer was born and raised in Penny Bridge, Barrow-in-Furness  He attended Chetwynde School His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta!, which he co-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis  Palmer directed the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010, respectively 

Filmography
Bo' Selecta! (2002–06)
Comedy Lab (2004–2010)
Bo! in the USA (2006)
The Inbetweeners (2009–2010)
The Inbetweeners Movie (2011)
Comedy Showcase (2012)
Milton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)
Them from That Thing (2012)
Bad Sugar (2012)
Chickens (2013)
London Irish (2013)
Man Up (2015)
SunTrap (2015)
BBC Comedy Feeds (2016)
Nigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)
Back (2017)
Comedy Playhouse (2017)
Urban Myths (2017–19)
Click & Collect (2018)
Semi-Detached (2019)
Breeders (2020)
Passage 7:
Bomgay
Bomgay is a 1996 Indian anthology of short films directed by Riyad Vinci Wadia and Jangu Sethna  The film stars Kushal Punjabi and Rahul Bose with music by Ashutosh Phatak  It is often regarded as India's first gay film and is known for its  gay sex scene in a library  Bomgay consists of six segments, each based on a poem by Indian writer R  Raj Rao 

Segments
"Opinions"
"Underground"
"Lefty"
"E unema no"
"Bomgay"
"Friends"

Cast
Rahul Bose as The Lefty
Kushal Punjabi as The Sodomiser
Tarun Shahani as Enema Boy
R  Raj Rao as The Opinionated
Farud Cambata as Bombay Dost
Freddy Firoze as Muthree Rani
Eric Rosenbaumm as Sex Tourist

Production
In 1995 Riyad Vinci Wadia, having released his debut film Fearless, decided to make a film based on gay culture in Bombay  He read R  Raj Rao's poetry collection One Day I Locked My Flat in Soul City and invited him to collaborate on a film script with him  It was difficult to find funding for the film in India, so the project was temporarily put on hold until Wadia read Rao's newest work, a collection of poems called "Bomgay"  He decided to make a low-budget short film based on the poems  As "Bomgay" had a limited budget of Rs  500,000, Wadia planned to use friends from the gay community to help keep costs down  He discovered that this was difficult as people were afraid of being outed if they worked on the film, so he enlisted the help of his friends from the Bombay advertising industry instead  Wadia secured Rahul Bose for the lead role  The film was shot in Bombay with scenes taking place in railroad cars shot guerrilla style  In order to shoot footage of a gay sex scene, the crew pretended that they were making a public service film on ragging  The film was not released commercially in India as Wadia did not submit it to the Censor Board, believing that they would refuse it a certificate 
Passage 8:
Drew Esocoff
Drew Esocoff (born c  1957) is an American television sports director, who as of 2006 has been the director of NBC Sunday Night Football 

Early life
Esocoff was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, graduating from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1975, later attending Colgate University  While in college he worked as a substitute teacher at Elizabeth High School where one of his students was Todd Bowles 

Career
Esocoff has worked for ESPN and ABC, serving as director for Monday Night Football, SportsCenter, and the NBA Finals, as well as five Super Bowls  Since 2006, he has served as director for NBC Sunday Night Football 
As of 2015, Esocoff has won 11 Emmy Awards 
Passage 9:
Elliot Silverstein
Elliot Silverstein (born August 3, 1927) is a retired American film and television director  He directed the Academy Award-winning western comedy Cat Ballou (1965), and other films including The Happening (1967), A Man Called Horse (1970), Nightmare Honeymoon (1974), and The Car (1977)  His television work includes four episodes of The Twilight Zone (1961–1964) 

Career
Elliot Silverstein was the director of six feature films in the mid-twentieth century  The most famous of these by far is Cat Ballou, a comedy-western starring Jane Fonda and Lee Marvin 
The other Silverstein films, in chronological order, are The Happening, A Man Called Horse,  Nightmare Honeymoon, The Car, and Flashfire 
Other work included directing for the television shows The Twilight Zone, The Nurses, Picket Fences, and Tales from the Crypt 
While Silverstein was not a prolific director, his films were often decorated  Cat Ballou, for instance, earned one Oscar and was nominated for four more  His high quality work was rewarded in 1990 with a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Directors Guild of America 

Awards
In 1965, at the 15th Berlin International Film Festival, he won the Youth Film Award – Honorable Mention, in the category of Best Feature Film Suitable for Young People for Cat Ballou 
He was also nominated for the Golden Berlin Bear In 1966, he was nominated for the DGA Award in the category for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures (Cat Ballou) 
In 1971, he won the Bronze Wrangler award at the Western Heritage Awards in the category of Theatrical Motion Picture for A Man Called Horse, along with producer Sandy Howard, writer Jack DeWitt, and actors Judith Anderson, Jean Gascon, Corinna Tsopei and Richard Harris In 1985, he won the Robert B  Aldrich Achievement Award from the Directors Guild of America 
In 1990, he was awarded the DGA Honorary Life Member Award 

Personal life
Silverstein has been married three times, each ending in divorce  His first marriage was to Evelyn Ward in 1962; the couple divorced in 1968  His second marriage was to Alana King  During his first marriage, he was the step-father of David Cassidy 
He currently lives in North Hollywood, Los Angeles  Actively retired, Silverstein has taught film at USC and continues to work on screen plays and other projects 

Filmography
Tales from the Crypt (TV Series) (1991–94)
Picket Fences (TV Series) (1993)
Rich Men, Single Women (TV Movie) (1990)
Fight for Life (TV Movie) (1987)
Night of Courage (TV Movie) (1987)
Betrayed by Innocence (TV Movie) (1986)
The Firm (TV Series) (1982–1983)
The Car (1977)
Nightmare Honeymoon (1974)
A Man Called Horse (1970)
The Happening (1967)
Cat Ballou (1965)
Kraft Suspense Theatre (TV Series) (1963–64)
The Defenders (TV Series) (1962–64)
Arrest and Trial (TV Series) (1964)
The Doctors and the Nurses (TV Series) (1962–64)
Twilight Zone (TV Series) (1961–64)
Breaking Point (TV Series) (1963)
Dr  Kildare (TV Series) (1961–63)
The Dick Powell Theatre (TV Series) (1962)
Belle Sommers (TV Movie) (1962)
Naked City (TV Series) (1961–62)
Have Gun - Will Travel (TV Series) (1961)
Route 66 (TV Series) (1960–61)
Checkmate (TV Series) (1961)
The Westerner (TV Series) (1960)
Assignment: Underwater (TV Series) (1960)
Black Saddle (TV Series) (1960)
Suspicion (TV Series) (1958)
Omnibus (TV Series) (1954–56)
Passage 10:
Il Gaucho
Il Gaucho (internationally released as The Gaucho) is a  1964 Italian comedy film directed by Dino Risi  It was co-produced by Clemente Lococo, an Argentinian production company, and in Argentina it was released as Un italiano en la Argentina  For his role in this film Nino Manfredi won a Grolla d'oro for best actor 

Cast
Vittorio Gassman as Marco Ravicchio
Amedeo Nazzari as Ingegnere Marucchelli
Nelly Panizza as Ines Marucchelli
Jorgelina Aranda: Italia Marucchelli
Umberto D'Orsi as Gianni Pertini
Maria Grazia Buccella as Mara
Annie Gorassini as Lorella
Guido Gorgatti as Giulio
Norberto Sánchez Calleja as Cecilio
Maria Fiore as Maria
Francesco Mulè as Fiorini
Nora Cárpena as Lida
Nino Manfredi as Stefano
Silvana Pampanini as Luciana
Nando Angelini as Aldo
Nelly Tesolín as Prostitute
Aldo Vianello
Vicky Astori
Amparito Castro
Mario Mario
José Del Vecchio
Rafael Diserio
Carmen Pericolo
Context 3:  Grimsrød gård housed Edvard Munch for a number of years  Roed gård has been established as a combined Arts and Cultural Center  Alby gård is the site of one of Norway's most widely known art galleries,  Galleri F 15 

Gallery
Passage 6:
Twin Cairns Island
The Belcher Islands (Inuktitut: ᓴᓪᓚᔪᒐᐃᑦ, Sanikiluaq) are an archipelago in the southeast part of Hudson Bay near the centre of the Nastapoka arc  The Belcher Islands are spread out over almost 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi)  Administratively, they belong to the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada  The hamlet of Sanikiluaq (where the majority of the inhabitants of the Belcher Islands live) is on the north coast of Flaherty Island and is the southernmost in Nunavut  Along with Flaherty Island, the other large islands are Kugong Island, Tukarak Island, and Innetalling Island  Other main islands in the 1,500–island archipelago are Moore Island, Wiegand Island, Split Island, Snape Island and Mavor Island, while island groups include the Sleeper Islands, King George Islands, and Bakers Dozen Islands 

History
The archaeological evidence present on the islands indicates that they were inhabited by the Dorset culture between 500 BCE and 1000 CE  Centuries later, from 1200 to 1500, the Thule people made their presence on the islands The first European to discover the islands was English sea explorer Henry Hudson, the namesake of Hudson Bay, who sighted the island in 1610  The islands are named after Royal Navy Admiral Sir Edward Belcher (1799-1877) 
In the early 19th century, caribou herds which lived on the islands disappeared  In an alternative effort to find warm clothing, the inhabitants of the islands sought the down of the Eider duck, a species of bird which nests on the island Before 1914, English-speaking cartographers knew very little about the Belcher Islands, which they showed on maps as specks, much smaller than their true extent  In that year a map showing them, drawn by George Weetaltuk, came into the hands of Robert Flaherty, and cartographers began to represent them more accurately In 1941, a religious movement led by Charley Ouyerack, Peter Sala, and his sister Mina caused the death by blows or exposure of nine persons, an occurrence that came to be known as the Belcher Island Murders 

Geology
General geology
The geologic units of the Belcher Group, which forms the Belcher Islands, were deposited during the Paleoproterozoic  Combined with other Paleoproterozoic units that occur along the edge of the Superior Craton, the Belcher Group forms part of the Circum-Superior Belt From youngest to oldest, the Belcher Group is composed of:
Loaf Formation (molasse)
Omarolluk Formation (flysch)
Flaherty Formation (flood basalt)
Kipalu Formation (iron formation)
Mukpollo Formation (sandstone)
Rowatt Formation (shallow water carbonate)
Laddie Formation (deep marine red bed)
Costello Formation (carbonate slope deposit)
Mavor Formation (stromatolite reef complex)
Tukarak Formation (shallow water carbonate)
Fairweather Formation (shallow water carbonate)
Eskimo Formation (flood basalt)
Kasegalik Formation (sabkha)The oldest part of the Belcher Group, the Kasegalik Formation, was deposited between 2 0185 and 2 0154 billion years ago  The Kasegalik Formation also contains the oldest unambiguous Cyanobacteria microfossils  Much of the  Belcher Group strata were deposited under intertidal to shallow-water conditions, although the Mavor Formation formed a platform margin stromatolite reef complex, and the overlying Costello and Laddie formations represent slope and deep basin deposits, respectively  The Kipalu Formation, deposited approximately 1 88 billion years ago, is notable for being a granular iron formation  The Flaherty Formation basalt that composes much of the Belcher Islands was deposited between 1 87 and 1 854 billion years ago, with the overlying Omarolluk and Loaf formations being deposited from 1 854 billion years ago until sometime after 1 83 billion years ago 

Soapstone
The occurrence of very high-quality soapstone in the Belcher Islands supports a locally significant carving industry  These soapstone occurrences formed when sedimentary rocks of the Belcher Group were intruded by Haig sills and dykes approximately 1 87 billion years ago  Most soapstone is quarried from a site on western Tukarak Island where dolomite of the Costello Formation was intruded by hot magma, with dolomite reacting with quartz and water under intense heat to form talc, calcite, and carbon dioxide:
3CaMg(CO3)2 + 4SiO2 + H2O  → [Heat] Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 + 3CaCO3 + 3CO2
Other minerals within the soapstone are largely calcite, dolomite, talc, and clinochlore, with minor amounts of ilmenite 
Although most soapstone has been sourced from two quarries, the relatively widespread occurrence of Haig intrusions within the Belcher Islands suggests that there may be many more possible sources of high-quality soapstone not yet discovered 

Flora
Several species of willow (Salix) form a large component of the native small shrubbery on the archipelago  These include rock willow (Salix vestita), bog willow (S  pedicellaris), and Labrador willow (S  argyrocarpa), as well as naturally occurring hybrids between S  arctica and S  glauca 
Trees cannot grow on the islands because of a lack of adequate soil 

Fauna
The main wildlife consists of belugas, walrus, caribou, common eiders and snowy owls all of which can be seen on the island year round  There is also a wide variety of fish that can be caught such as Arctic char, cod, capelin, lump fish, and sculpin



ground_truth: Bomgay

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Are Twin Cairns Island and Nova Zembla Island located in the same country?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  The historical relationship between the Sanikiluaq community and the eider is the subject of a feature-length Canadian documentary film called People of a Feather  The director, cinematographer and biologist Joel Heath, spent seven years on the project, writing biological articles on the eider In 1998, the Belcher Island caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) herd numbered 800 
Passage 7:
Wadmalaw Island
Wadmalaw Island is an island located in Charleston County, South Carolina, United States  It is one of the Sea Islands, a chain of tidal and barrier islands on the Atlantic Ocean 

Geography
Wadmalaw Island is located generally to the southwest of Johns Island and more than halfway encircled by it   To the north it is bordered by Church Creek; to the northeast and east by Bohicket Creek; to the south by the North Edisto River; and to the west by the Bohicket Creek   The island's only connection to the mainland is via a bridge over Church Creek   The island is about 10 miles long by 6 miles wide  It has a land area of 108 502 km² (41 893 sq mi)  The 2000 census reported a population of 2,611 persons 

History
Wadmalaw Island was landed upon by Captain Robert Sandford and the crew of the Berkeley Bay in mid-June 1666 after an excursion up the Bohicket Creek  It is believed that Sandford landed where Rockville, South Carolina now sits  On June 23, 1666, Captain and crew carried out the ritual of turf and twig, claiming the land for England and the Lords Proprietors In 1670, 148 colonists arrived and settled on the west bank of the Ashley (Kiawah) River   They survived the first four years of poor crop production through the generosity of natives who shared beans and corn   They later moved to what is now Charleston In 1890, planters organized the first sailing regatta at Rockville, less than a mile from the tea garden  The 120th Rockville Regatta was held in August, 2010 
In more recent times, The Lipton Tea Company operated an experimental tea farm on Wadmalaw Island from 1960 until 1987, when it was sold to Mack Fleming and Bill Hall  These gentlemen converted the experimental farm into a working tea Garden  The Charleston Tea Garden utilized a converted cotton picker and tobacco harvester to mechanically harvest the tea  The Charleston Tea Garden sold tea mail order known as American Classic Tea and also produced Sam's Choice Instant Tea, sold through Sam's Clubs  American Classic Tea has been the official tea of the White House since 1987  In 2003, Bigelow Tea Company purchased the Charleston Tea Garden and temporarily closed the garden in order to renovate it   The garden reopened in January 2006  Tours are now offered of this last remaining working Tea Farm in America  Wadmalaw now produces Firefly, a sweet tea flavored vodka 

See also
Charleston Tea Garden
Passage 8:
Round Island (Nunavut)
Round Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada  It is located across the mouth of Coutts Inlet in Baffin Bay off the northeastern coast of Baffin Island  Nova Zembla Island is 7 4 km (4 6 mi) to the northwest Another, smaller Nunavut Round Island is located in Cross Bay, at the land end of Chesterfield Inlet 
Passage 9:
Nova Zembla Island
Nova Zembla Island ("New Land") is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada  It is located across the mouth of Coutts Inlet in Baffin Bay off the northeastern coast of Baffin Island  Round Island is 7 4 km (4 6 mi) to the southeast The island was visited in 1875 by a Swedish expedition led by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld and sponsored by the businessman Oscar Dickson 
Passage 10:
Runmarö
Runmarö is an island located in the Stockholm archipelago in Sweden  The island is known for its many species of orchids (at least 27 different kinds) and 9 marshy lakes 

Notable residents
Author and entomologist Fredrik Sjöberg lives on the island with his family  The island is frequently referenced in his 2014 novel The Fly Trap 



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