Fig. 1 HTLV-1 Proviral load and lymphoproliferation among co-infected patients. (A) PVL, HTLV-1 proviral load; B, basal T-cell proliferation; (B) CPM, counts per minute; this figure describes all HTLV-1 monoinfected subjects compared to those with co-infection, ** The PVL had a significant association when compared to HTLV-1-monoinfected group and HCV/HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infected subjects (A). There was no difference in the level of spontaneous LPA among monoinfected or viral co-infected groups (B).