Timbrt/Liver-Text-OA huggingface dataset:
Question: what are the potential pitfalls of diagnosing gallstones?
Answer: usually it is not difficult to diagnose gallstones. problems arise however because of the high prevalence of silent gallstones and the occasional gallstone that is difficult to diagnose. if a patient has symptoms that are typical for gallstones for example biliary colic cholecystitis or pancreatitis and has gallstones on ultrasonography little else usually can or needs to be done to demonstrate that the gallstones are causing the episode unless the patient has complicating medical issues. if episodes are not typical for gallstones however any gallstones found may be silent. these silent gallstones may be innocent bystanders and most importantly removing the gallbladder surgically will not treat the acute problem or prevent further episodes. in addition the real cause of the problem will not be pursued. in such a situation there is a need to have further evidence other than their mere presence that the gallstones are causing the episode. such evidence can be obtained during an episode or shortly thereafter. if ultrasonography can be done during an episode of pain or inflammation caused by gallstones it may be possible to demonstrate an enlarged gallbladder or bile duct caused by obstruction of the ducts by the gallstone. this is likely to require ultrasonography again after the episode has resolved in order to demonstrate that the gallbladder indeed was larger during the episode than before or after the episode. it is easier to obtain the necessary ultrasonography if the episode lasts several hours but it is much more difficult to obtain ultrasonography rapidly enough if the episode lasts only 15 minutes. another approach is to test the blood for abnormal liver and pancreatic enzymes. the advantage here is that the enzymes though not always elevated can be elevated during and for several hours after an episode of gallstone-related pain or inflammation so they might be abnormal even after the episode has subsided. it is important to remember however that the enzymes are not specific for gallstones and it is necessary to exclude other liver and pancreatic causes for abnormal enzymes. sometimes episodes of pain or inflammation may be more or less typical of gallstones but transabdominal ultrasonography may not demonstrate either gallstones or another cause of the episodes. in this case it is necessary to decide whether suspicion is high or low for gallstones as a cause of the episodes. if suspicion is low because of less-typical symptoms it may be reasonable only to repeat the ultrasonography obtain an ocg and/or test for abnormalities of liver or pancreatic enzymes. if suspicion is high because of more typical symptoms it is reasonable to go even further with endoscopic ultrasonography ercp and duodenal drainage. prior to these "invasive" procedures some physicians recommend mrcp; however the exact role of mrcp is not yet clear.
Tags: gallstone
Question: how can i prevent gallstones?
Answer: although diet doesn't directly cause gallbladder problems -- and it won't cure them -- watching what you eat and keeping a healthy weight might help you prevent gallstones from forming and avoid some discomfort if you do develop gallstones. if you're overweight try to lose the extra weight; but do it gradually. there is a link between quick weight loss and gallstone formation. crash or "yo-yo" diets can cause the liver to release more cholesterol into the bile disrupting the normal balance of cholesterol and bile salts. that extra cholesterol can form into crystals leading to gallstones. changing your diet won't get rid of gallstones that are already there but eating a healthy balanced variety of nutrients limiting the amount of saturated fats and cholesterol-heavy foods you eat and avoiding very low-calorie diets may help ease your symptoms.
Tags: gallstone
Question: what increases the risk of getting gallstones?
Answer: your chances of forming gallstones that can cause symptoms may be higher if you: are female. females are twice as likely as males to have gallstones. are older than 55. are overweight. lose weight rapidly. gallstones develop in about one-fourth of very overweight men and women who are on strict diets and in about half of people who have gastric bypass surgery for obesity. gastric bypass surgery reduces the size of the stomach and connects the smaller stomach to the middle section of the small intestine. have low levels of "good" cholesterol (hdl or high-density lipoprotein) and elevated triglycerides which are a type of fat found in the blood and in foods. have a disease of the small or large intestine such as crohn's disease. have a family history of gallstones. are pregnant. are taking estrogen (after menopause ) or high-dose birth control pills. are native american or hispanic. have sickle cell disease. are taking a medicine called octreotide ( sandostatin ) or a cholesterol-lowering medicine such as gemfibrozil ( lopid ) or fenofibrate ( tricor for example). have cirrhosis (scarring of the liver). get very little or no exercise. do not eat for a period of time (fast). webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: gallstone
Question: how is gallstones treated?
Answer: if gallstones don't cause pain or other symptoms you most likely will not need treatment. in rare cases doctors may advise surgery for gallstones that don't cause symptoms. for more information see the surgery section of this topic. if gallstones do cause symptoms you and your doctor may decide that your best choice is to see whether symptoms go away on their own (watchful waiting). it is usually safe to wait until you have had another attack before you consider having surgery. watchful waiting may be the best choice if: this is your first episode of gallstone pain. gallstone pain is mild. if your gallstones cause severe pain more urgent surgery should be considered to prevent future attacks and possible complications. you do not have complications such as a blocked duct. you are not at high risk for future problems. if you need treatment for gallstones in most cases the best treatment is surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). in many cases laparoscopic surgery is the best method to remove the gallbladder. open surgery requires a longer recovery period and causes more pain because it creates a larger incision. your doctor can help you assess the severity of your gallstone attacks and can help you decide whether you should have surgery or other treatment. what to think about about 1 out of 3 people with gallstones who have pain or other symptoms do not have another episode. 1 but the risks of not treating gallstones include the possibility of infection and jaundice. about 15% of people who have symptoms from gallstones also have gallstones in the common bile duct. 1 common bile duct stones can cause life-threatening complications. so these stones may need to be removed before or during surgery to remove your gallbladder. webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: gallstone
Question: what are the gallbladder and gallstones?
Answer: the gallbladder is a small sac found just under the liver. it stores bile made by the liver. bile helps you digest fats. bile moves from the gallbladder to the small intestine through tubes called the cystic duct and common bile duct. gallstones are made from cholesterol and other things found in the bile. they can be smaller than a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. most gallstones do not cause problems. but if they block a duct they usually need treatment. webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: gallstone, gallbladder
Question: what are the symptoms of gallstones?
Answer: the most common symptom of gallstones is pain in the stomach area or in the upper right part of the belly under the ribs. the pain may: start suddenly in the center of the upper belly (epigastric area) and spread to the right upper back or shoulder blade area. it is usually hard to get comfortable. moving around does not make the pain go away. prevent you from taking normal or deep breaths. last 15 minutes to 24 hours. continuous pain for 1 to 5 hours is common. begin at night and be severe enough to wake you. occur after meals. gallstone pain can cause vomiting which may relieve some of the belly (abdominal) pain and pressure. pain that occurs with a fever nausea and vomiting or loss of appetite may be a sign of inflammation or infection of the gallbladder (acute cholecystitis). symptoms that may mean that a gallstone is blocking the common bile duct include: yellowing of the skin and the white part of the eyes ( jaundice ). dark urine. light-colored stools. a fever and chills. there are many other conditions that cause similar symptoms including heartburn pain caused by a heart attack and liver problems. stomach flu (gastroenteritis) and food poisoning also can cause symptoms similar to gallstones. diarrhea and vomiting occur with the flu and food poisoning but the pain tends to come and go rather than be constant. also pain with these conditions may be felt all over the belly rather than in one spot. belly pain that comes and goes (rather than being constant) and that occurs with nausea and vomiting and possibly a mild fever is more likely to be caused by stomach flu or food poisoning than by gallstones. this is especially true if others around you are sick with similar symptoms. webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: gallstone
Question: pain upper right side abdom and back w naus freq urina no vom no fever no gallbladder. on ibs pain meds daily. appendix?
Answer: sooboob. i've got the same symptoms & spent a week in one hospital & a week later a week at another hospital while dr. s were trying to figure out what was causing the extreme nausea that was sooo forceful it made me dry heave but never a true vomiting. the only thing they found after extensive examining with every kind of mri ultrasound ct scan & lab u can think of. was a golfball size tumor in the center of my liver. i've read several threads of people with tumors in their liver that claim to have the same symptoms & their dr. would never attribute the symptoms to the tumor. i had my gallbladder removed 2 yrs ago & started having the nausea april of last yr & the pain started as an occasional pain. similar to the gallbladder pain but grew in intensity & frequency over a several month period. i'm a woman & notice that the pain is at it's peek a week before my cycle starts (pms) & during my cycle then it subsides to tolerable & the nausea increases to intolerable. they take turns ruining my day lol. hope this isn't what's wrong with u but your symptoms are the same as mine & all the dr's i've seen are too eager to hand me the ibs med & nexium. however the meds make the pain worse.
Tags: irritable bowel syndrome, appendix, fever, pain
Question: pain upper right side abdom and back w naus freq urina no vom no fever no gallbladder. on ibs pain meds daily. appendix?
Answer: i'd recommend seeing your physician since pain of this type can be indicative of many different organ issues including but not limited to stomach liver and (your non-existent) gallbladder. as a fellow ibs sufferer i sympathize--if this feels different than ibs pain it probably is. if the urination is frequent or painful (or both) and the back pain persists this could be a uti that's got a foothold in your right kidney and could be developing into a nephritis which is nothing to play around about. drink plenty of water and book yourself in to see a doctor.
Tags: irritable bowel syndrome, appendix, fever, pain
Question: what can i do to treat gallstones at home?
Answer: there is no specific home treatment for gallstones but be sure to call your doctor if: you think you have symptoms that may be caused by gallstones. if your doctor finds that you do have gallstones but your symptoms are mild it is generally safe to wait until you have more than one attack before you consider having surgery. you develop symptoms of a gallstone attack again especially if they are severe or occur with fever chills or yellowing of your skin or the white part of your eyes. you have new belly pain or other belly symptoms. pain in the belly can be a symptom of many health problems. you may be able to help prevent gallstones if: you stay close to a healthy weight by eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise. you avoid rapid weight loss. intentional weight loss (dieting as opposed to weight loss from illness) followed by weight gain may increase your risk of gallstones especially if you are a woman. if you need to lose weight do so slowly and sensibly. if you have recently had surgery to remove your gallbladder : watch for signs of infection. call your doctor if the area around the incision is red and puffy or if you have a fever. call your doctor if you have yellowing of the skin or the white part of the eyes ( jaundice ) light-colored stools and dark urine. these symptoms may be signs that gallstones are blocking the common bile duct. webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: gallstone
Question: what causes gallstones?
Answer: gallstones develop when cholesterol and other substances in the bile form crystals that become hard stones in the gallbladder. the gallbladder is a small sac located just under the liver. gallstones can occur when your gallbladder does not empty properly or if you have too much cholesterol in your bile. too much cholesterol in your bile is not caused by eating too much cholesterol or having high cholesterol (in the blood). most doctors believe that even microscopic gallstones in the gallbladder can cause symptoms. these tiny stones can form a type of sediment called biliary sludge that often can be seen on an abdominal ultrasound. for more information on an abdominal ultrasound see the exams and tests section of this topic. webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: gallstone
Question: what are gallstones?
Answer: gallstones are stones that form in the gall (bile). bile is a watery liquid made by the cells of the liver that is important for digesting food in the intestine particularly fat. liver cells secrete the bile they make into small canals within the liver. the bile flows through the canals and into larger collecting ducts within the liver (the intrahepatic bile ducts). the bile then flows within the intrahepatic bile ducts out of the liver and into the extrahepatic bile ducts -- first into the hepatic bile ducts then into the common hepatic duct and finally into the common bile duct. from the common bile duct there are two different directions that bile can flow. the first direction is on down the common bile duct and into the intestine where the bile mixes with food and promotes digestion of food. the second direction is into the cystic duct and from there into the gallbladder (often misspelled as gall bladder). once in the gallbladder bile is concentrated by the removal (absorption) of water. during a meal the muscle that makes up the wall of the gallbladder contracts and squeezes the concentrated bile in the gallbladder back through the cystic duct into the common duct and then into the intestine. (concentrated bile is much more effective for digestion than the un-concentrated bile that goes from the liver straight into the intestine). the timing of gallbladder contraction -- during a meal -- allows the concentrated bile from the gallbladder to mix with food. gallstones usually form in the gallbladder; however they also may form anywhere there is bile; in the intrahepatic hepatic common bile and cystic ducts. gallstones also may move about within bile for example from the gallbladder into the cystic or common duct.
Tags: gallstone
Question: can symptoms continue after gallstones are removed?
Answer: removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) should eliminate all gallstone-related symptoms except in three situations: gallstones were left in the ducts there were problems with the bile ducts in addition to gallstones and the gallstones were and are not the cause of the symptoms. the possibility of gallstones in the ducts can be pursued with mrcp endoscopic ultrasound and ercp. there is only one problem with the ducts that can cause gallstone-like symptoms and that is a rare condition called sphincter of oddi dysfunction discussed below. the common bile duct has a muscular wall. the last several centimeters of the common bile duct's muscle immediately before the duct joins the duodenum comprise the sphincter of oddi. the sphincter of oddi controls the flow of bile. since the pancreatic duct usually joins the common bile duct shortly before it enters the duodenum the sphincter also controls the flow of fluid from the pancreatic duct. when the muscle of the sphincter tightens it shuts off the flow of bile and pancreatic fluid. when it relaxes bile and pancreatic fluid flow into the duodenum for example after a meal. the sphincter may become scarred and the duct is narrowed by the scarring. (the cause of the scarring is unknown). the sphincter also may go into spasm intermittently. in either case the flow of bile and pancreatic fluid may intermittently stop abruptly mimicking the effects of a gallstone particularly causing biliary colic and pancreatitis. the diagnosis of sphincter of oddi dysfunction can be difficult to make. the best diagnostic test requires an endoscopic procedure with the same type of endoscope as ercp. instead of filling the ducts with dye however the pressure within the sphincter is measured. if the pressure is abnormally high scarring or spasm of the sphincter are likely. the treatment for sphincter of oddi dysfunction is sphincterotomy. measurement of liver and pancreatic enzymes in the blood also may be useful for diagnosing sphincter dysfunction.
Tags: gallstone
Question: who is at risk for gallstones?
Answer: the risk factors for developing cholesterol gallstones include: gender. gallstones form more commonly in women than men. age. gallstone prevalence increases with age. obesity. obese people are more likely to form gallstones than thin individuals. pregnancy. women who have been pregnant are more likely to form gallstones than women who have not been pregnant. pregnancy increases the risk for cholesterol gallstones because during pregnancy bile contains more cholesterol and the gallbladder does not contract normally. birth control pills and hormone therapy the increased levels of hormones caused by either treatment mimics pregnancy. rapid weight loss. rapid weight loss by whatever means very low calorie diets or obesity surgery causes cholesterol gallstones in up to 50% of individuals. many of the gallstones will disappear after the weight is lost but many do not. moreover until they are gone they may cause problems. crohn's disease. individuals with crohn's disease of the terminal ileum are more likely to develop gallstones. gallstones form because patients with crohn's disease lack enough bile acids to solubilize the cholesterol in bile. normally bile acids that enter the small intestine from the liver and gallbladder are absorbed back into the body in the terminal ileum and are secreted again by the liver into bile. in other words the bile acids recycle. in crohn's disease the terminal ileum is diseased. bile acids are not absorbed normally the body becomes depleted of bile acids and less bile acids are secreted in bile. there are not enough bile acids to keep cholesterol dissolved in bile and gallstones form. increased blood triglycerides. gallstones occur more frequently in people with elevated blood triglyceride levels. risk for pigment gallstones black pigment gallstones form whenever there is an increased load of bilirubin that reaches the liver. this occurs whenever there is increased destruction of red blood cells as there is in sickle cell disease and thalassemia. black pigment gallstones also are more common among patients with cirrhosis of the liver. brown pigment gallstones form when there is stasis of bile (decreased flow) for example when there are narrow obstructed bile ducts.
Tags: gallstone
Question: what will fix a headache and fever for someone on blood pressure medicine?
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Tags: headache, fever, blood pressure
Question: what is your illness if you have a swollen eye trowing up blood and have 100. 5 fever. the eye is brownish in color has had it for about three days and just resently started trowing up blood
Answer: you can't diagnose an illness based on vague symptoms alone but your symptoms are troubling. brownish or yellow eyes could mean jaundice (hepatitis) or other liver problems. throwing up blood can be a very serious sign. it would be in your best interest to see a medical provider as soon as possible.
Tags: eyes, fever, swelling