Timbrt/Liver-Text-OA huggingface dataset:
Question: how does alcohol affect pregnancy?
Answer: women who continue to drink during pregnancy put their baby at risk for being born with fetal alcohol syndrome (fas) which is a pattern of physical and mental defects during fetus development during pregnancy. babies born with fas may have facial abnormalities as well as damage to the central nervous system and brain resulting in mental retardation. additionally alcohol use has been linked to premature delivery miscarriage infertility breast cancer heart disease and liver damage. before you make any decision regarding your health and the health of your baby you need to speak with your ob-gyn. your doctor will have recommendations for the best course of action for you and the baby and will possibly have suggestions for the type of detox best suited for you. gallus detox center is a private inpatient detox facility specializing in iv therapy medical detox. if you have questions about our facility or detox method please call us at 855-338-6929.
Tags: pregnancy
Question: what causes depression in women specifically related to pregnancy and childbirth?
Answer: there may be a number of reasons why a woman gets depressed. hormone changes or a stressful life event such as a death in the family can cause chemical changes in the brain that lead to depression. depression is also an illness that runs in some families. other times it's not clear what causes depression. during pregnancy during pregnancy these factors may increase a woman's chance of depression: history of depression or substance abuse family history of mental illness little support from family and friends anxiety about the fetus problems with previous pregnancy or birth marital or financial problems young age (of mother) after pregnancy depression after pregnancy is called postpartum depression or peripartum depression. after pregnancy hormonal changes in a woman's body may trigger symptoms of depression. during pregnancy the amount of two female hormones estrogen and progesterone in a woman's body increases greatly. in the first 24 hours after childbirth the amount of these hormones rapidly drops back down to their normal non-pregnant levels. researchers think the fast change in hormone levels may lead to depression just as smaller changes in hormones can affect a woman's moods before she gets her menstrual period. occasionally levels of thyroid hormones may also drop after giving birth. the thyroid is a small gland in the neck that helps to regulate your metabolism (how your body uses and stores energy from food). low thyroid levels can cause symptoms of depression including depressed mood decreased interest in things irritability fatigue difficulty concentrating sleep problems and weight gain. a simple blood test can tell if this condition is causing a woman's depression. if so thyroid medicine can be prescribed by a doctor. other factors that may contribute to postpartum depression include: feeling tired after delivery broken sleep patterns and not enough rest often keeps a new mother from regaining her full strength for weeks. feeling overwhelmed with a new or another baby to take care of and doubting your ability to be a good mother. feeling stress from changes in work and home routines. sometimes women think they have to be "super mom" or perfect which is not realistic and can add stress. having feelings of loss -- loss of identity of who you are or were before having the baby loss of control loss of your pre-pregnancy figure and feeling less attractive. having less free time and less control over time. having to stay home indoors for longer periods of time and having less time to spend with your partner and loved ones.
Tags: depression, pregnancy
Question: what should i do if i show signs of depression during or after pregnancy?
Answer: some women don't tell anyone about their symptoms because they feel embarrassed ashamed or guilty about feeling depressed when they are supposed to be happy. they worry that they will be viewed as unfit parents. perinatal depression can happen to any woman. it does not mean you are a bad or "not-together" mom. you and your baby don't have to suffer. there is help. there are different types of individual and group "talk therapies" that can help a woman with perinatal depression feel better and do better as a mom and as a person. limited research suggests that many women with perinatal depression improve when treated with antidepressant medicine. your doctor can help you learn more about these options and decide which approach is best for you and your baby. speak to your doctor or midwife if you are having symptoms of depression while you are pregnant or after you deliver your baby. your doctor or midwife can give you a questionnaire to test for depression and can also refer you to a mental health professional who specializes in treating depression. here are some other helpful tips: try to get as much rest as you can. try to nap when the baby naps. stop putting pressure on yourself to do everything. do as much as you can and leave the rest. ask for help with household chores and nighttime feedings. ask your husband or partner to bring the baby to you so you can breastfeed. if you can have a friend family member or professional support person help you in the home for part of the day. talk to your husband partner family and friends about how you are feeling. do not spend a lot of time alone. get dressed and leave the house. run an errand or take a short walk. spend time alone with your husband or partner. talk with other mothers so you can learn from their experiences. join a support group for women with depression. call a local hotline or look in your telephone book for information and services. don't make any major life changes during pregnancy. major changes can cause unneeded stress. sometimes big changes cannot be avoided. when that happens try to arrange support and help in your new situation ahead of time.
Tags: depression, pregnancy
Question: what if i'm pregnant when i travel?
Answer: pregnant women should consult with their obstetrician before travel. if available a consultation with a travel-medicine specialist is also recommended. live vaccines are usually avoided in pregnancy. some medications must also be avoided. this may put pregnant women at higher risk for getting sick in a foreign country. pregnant women should also be aware that the quality of obstetrical care in foreign countries varies considerably. it is best to have the name of a reputable clinic or hospital on hand. women in the third trimester should consider delaying travel until after delivery. check with your health insurance provider in advance to determine what is covered in the destination country. diarrhea some types of hepatitis and malaria can be especially severe in pregnant women. follow food water and insect precautions. avoid areas with malaria if at all possible and take medications as directed.
Tags: pregnancy, travel
Question: what happens to someone when they get rh sensitization during pregnancy?
Answer: if you are rh-negative unless you are given rh immune globulin just before or after a high-risk event such as miscarriage amniocentesis abortion ectopic pregnancy or childbirth you have a chance of becoming sensitized to an rh-positive fetus 's blood. if you have been rh-sensitized in the past if you have been rh-sensitized in the past you must be closely monitored during any pregnancy with an rh-positive partner because your fetus is more likely to have rh-positive blood. in response to an rh-positive fetus your immune system may quickly develop igg antibodies which can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells. each subsequent pregnancy with an rh-positive fetus may produce more serious problems for the fetus. the resulting fetal disease (called rh disease hemolytic disease of the newborn or erythroblastosis fetalis) can be mild to severe. mild rh disease involves limited destruction of fetal red blood cells possibly resulting in mild fetal anemia. the fetus can usually be carried to term and requires no special treatment but may have problems with jaundice after birth. mild rh disease is more likely to develop in the first pregnancy after sensitization has occurred. moderate rh disease involves the destruction of larger numbers of fetal red blood cells. the fetus may develop an enlarged liver and may become moderately anemic. the fetus may need to be delivered before term and may require a blood transfusion before (while in the uterus) or after birth. a newborn with moderate rh disease is watched closely for jaundice. severe rh disease ( fetal hydrops ) involves widespread destruction of fetal red blood cells. the fetus develops severe anemia liver and spleen enlargement increased bilirubin levels and fluid retention ( edema ). the fetus may need one or more blood transfusions before birth. a fetus with severe rh disease who survives the pregnancy may need a blood exchange. this procedure replaces most of the infant's blood with donor blood (usually type o rh-negative). a history of pregnancy with rh disease is a sign that you will need special treatment when you are pregnant with an rh-positive fetus. if you have been rh-sensitized in the past an rh-negative fetus cannot trigger an immune reaction. webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: pregnancy
Question: what is pregnancy planning and why is it important?
Answer: having a baby is one of the most important events in a woman's life. women considering pregnancy are encouraged to start planning for the pregnancy with their doctors early. this early planning process is called pregnancy planning. the goals of pregnancy planning are to create a healthy environment for the fetus and to prevent birth defects and other pregnancy-related problems to the greatest extent possible. the issues addressed during pregnancy planning include nutrition vitamins body weight exercise avoidance of certain medications and alcohol immunizations and genetic counseling. even though many women will have normal pregnancies without any planning pregnancy planning improves the chances of a smooth pregnancy and a healthy baby. unfortunately more than 40% of pregnancies in the u. s. are unplanned and many more women who are anticipating conceiving do not seek prior medical consultation. public education is important to improve pregnancy planning. pregnancy planning can help prevent exposure of the mother to potentially harmful medications or substances during the early days of pregnancy. the baby's organs begin developing as early as 17 days after conception and the fertilized egg begins to grow even before the first day of the missed period. some women continue to have light bleeding that may be mistaken for a menstrual period during the first few months of pregnancy and may not even realize that they are pregnant. others may not recognize that they are pregnant until they experience a weight gain or abdominal enlargement. by then they may have already been exposed to medications or substances potentially harmful to the fetus. in addition to avoiding medications and substances that are potentially harmful to the fetus other important health issues are addressed during pre-pregnancy planning. conditions such as diabetes high blood pressure kidney disease thyroid disease and heart disease in the mother are controlled to optimize pregnancy outcome. the status of the woman's immunity against german measles (rubella) and varicella (chickenpox) is also determined. women lacking rubella antibodies are immunized before conceiving. women who are not immune to varicella (chickenpox) can be vaccinated but should wait 30 days after vaccination before becoming pregnant. women who are carriers of the hepatitis b virus can be identified by blood tests and their infants can be protected from hepatitis b infection by immunizations at the time of delivery. women with hiv infection should take certain medications during pregnancy to decrease not only their risks but those of the fetus as well.
Tags: pregnancy
Question: i am going to be trying to get pregnant soon and want to know what are blood type and rh tests?
Answer: a blood type test categorizes your blood according to the major human blood group (abo) system. a person's abo type depends upon the presence or absence of two genes — the a and b genes. these genes determine part of the configuration of the red blood cell surface. possible abo blood groups include o a b or ab. the rh antigen is another compound that may or may not be present on the surface of red blood cells. the rh test determines whether this configuration is present ("rh-positive") or absent ("rh-negative") on an individual's blood cells. rh testing is performed because the difference in rh blood group types between an rh-negative mother and her rh-positive baby can lead to hemolytic disease a severe condition in which there is breakdown of the red blood cells in the newborn. if an rh-negative mother carries an rh-positive fetus she may develop antibodies against the rh component of the baby's red blood cells. these antibodies could cause hemolytic disease of an rh-positive baby in subsequent pregnancies. prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn is carried out by giving rh-negative mothers rho (d) immune globulin (brand name: rhogam) after delivery of an rh-positive baby. this prevents the mother's immune system from reacting to the rh-positive blood of any subsequent fetus.
Tags: pregnancy
Question: how can accidental of acetaminophen overdose be avoided in adults?
Answer: to avoid unintentional overdoses among adults here are some suggestions. read the labels of the medication bottles carefully and determine the amount or strength of acetaminophen in each pill or spoonful. become familiar with all of the other medications that you are taking. remember that over 200 drugs contain acetaminophen as one of the ingredients and that certain drugs such as phenobarbital can significantly increase liver damage. before you take the medication write down (record) the maximum safe number of pills or spoonfuls that you can ingest over 24 hours. stick to that quantity and do not deviate. if however you are unsure of the safe number of doses or think that you need to take more than you should call your doctor or pharmacist. when you receive a prescription for a new medication ask your doctor or pharmacist whether it affects the body's metabolism (processing) of the other medications that you are taking including acetaminophen. if you have been drinking alcohol regularly do not exceed taking two grams of acetaminophen over 24 hours. be honest with yourself about the ingestion of alcohol. record the number of pills or spoonfuls of acetaminophen and the time that you take them.
Tags: drug overdose, acetaminophen
Question: is overdose with acetaminophen usually accidental or intentional?
Answer: in the u. s. suicide attempts account for over two-thirds of acetaminophen-related liver injury whereas accidental overdose accounts for only one third of the cases. in young children accidental overdose accounts surprisingly for an even lower percent of the cases. that is among these often-curious toddlers accidental overdose is responsible for less than 10% of the instances of acetaminophen toxicity. moreover the vast majority of these accidental overdoses were due to unintentional overdoses given by the caregivers of the children.
Tags: drug overdose, acetaminophen
Question: how does an overdose of acetaminophen cause liver injury?
Answer: the answer is that liver damage from acetaminophen occurs when the glutathione pathway is overwhelmed by too much of acetaminophen's metabolite napqi. then this toxic compound accumulates in the liver and causes the damage. furthermore alcohol and certain medications such as phenobarbital phenytoin (dilantin) or carbamazepine (tegretol) (anti-seizure medications) or isoniazid (inh nydrazid laniazid) an anti-tuberculosis drug can significantly increase the damage. they do this by making the cytochrome p-450 system in the liver more active. this increased p-450 activity results in an increased formation of napqi from the acetaminophen. additionally chronic alcohol use as well as the fasting state or poor nutrition can each deplete the liver's glutathione. so alcohol both increases the toxic compound and decreases the detoxifying material. accordingly the bottom line in an acetaminophen overdose is that when the amount of napqi is too much for the available glutathione to detoxify liver damage occurs.
Tags: drug overdose, injury, liver, acetaminophen
Question: my fiance is having diabetes type 2. will she face any problem during pregnancy?
Answer: i read through your query and understood your concern. she can take progesterone tablets (medroxyprogesterone 10mg twice daily) to postpone her period. these tablets may increase the requirement of antidiabetic medicines (tablets/insulin). so she needs to monitor her blood sugar level (at least two/three times during the period she is taking tablets) to make sure that sugar control is fine. contraceptive pills used nowadays are low dose pills and have little/no impact on diabetes. even if sugar levels increase it can be treated by increasing the dose of antidiabetic medicines. so she can use low dose contraceptive pills. just consult your physician once before starting those pills to make sure that the medicines do not interact with each other. during pregnancy - if her sugar control is fine from 3 months before pregnancy during pregnancy and till delivery of baby there will practically be no problem to the mother and baby. if sugar control is not good there may be many problems about which there is no need to worry right now. revert back to a gynaecologist online for further queries --> <link>
Tags: diabetes
Question: are acidity and constipation the withdrawal symptoms of quitting smoking?
Answer: it is good that you have stopped smoking. but the withdrawal symptoms do not manifest as acidity. although it can cause constipation but not after a month of quitting. your cholesterol levels are high and it is the cause for persistent gerd (gastroesophageal reflux disease). your ldl (low-density lipoprotein) levels are also high which is bad cholesterol. also your sgot (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) levels are high which suggests liver injury. i would suggest you to try lifestyle modifications initially to reduce your cholesterol levels since your values are not very high. target should be total cholesterol lower than 180 and ldl lower than 100. to release constipation increase fiber in your diet and avoid fatty and fried foods. drink lots of water and do regular exercise. for further doubts consult an internal medicine physician online --> <link>
Tags: constipation
Question: does chronic constipation lead to prostatitis?
Answer: as you suspect the symptoms might be due to chronic prostatitis or a similar entity chronic prostatic pain syndrome. it needs a per rectal examination. per rectal examination is not that painful as you suspect. urine culture after a per rectal examination will turn to be positive if it is chronic prostatitis. it needs a 4 week course of trimethoprim alpha blocker drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs. it has to be treated with trimethoprim or levofloxacin. the probable causes:secondary to uti (urinary tract infection). differential diagnosis:chronic prostatic pain syndrome. regarding follow up:for further queries consult an urologist online. ---> <link>
Tags: constipation
Question: can you suggest an alternative to accutane for acne?
Answer: you should visit your physician as soon as possible. all these can be symptoms of obstructive jaundice. to confirm get your blood tested for complete blood count and liver function test. also get a urine routine microscopic test and ultrasound abdomen. stop oral isotretinoin and continue applying topical medications like a combination (clindamycin and adapalene) gel at bedtime or any other creams or gel that you are using. for further information consult a dermatologist online --><link>
Tags: liver function test
Question: are high sugar and raised liver enzymes side effects of protonix?
Answer: is this the only liver function test you have? i wanted to trend it. plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) and protonix (pantoprazole) both can cause elevated liver function test but it is relatively rare with protonix. i also want to make sure that you are not using aspirin tylenol or cholesterol medications since they can have direct effects on the liver. another important point is that the slight elevation of lipase and blood sugar can happen in pancreatitis which again could be a rare side effect of protonix. but this point goes against the fact that the elevation of blood sugar is out of the proportion to the lipase levels. a person who has prediabetes may develop full blown diabetes transiently under physiological stress. i was trying to understand if you had been tested for diabetes ever and if this blood sugar was obtained in fasting. for high blood sugars i would suggest that you try to avoid high carbohydrate diet soda bakery products white bread or pasta and juices. hydrate yourself with plenty of water. can you please share your symptoms and for how long did you have them? please also share if you have been worked up for lupus or autoimmune hepatitis and your entire medication list if you can? revert back with the details to an internal medicine physician online --><link>
Tags: liver function test
Question: can cocaine cause elevation in lfts?
Answer: first of all cocaine did not make lft (liver function test) rise just taking it for two days. it is possible only if you have been taking cocaine from long time. second thing is alt (alanine transaminase) 90 and ast (aspartate transminase) 86 are not that high values which will make any damage to your liver. please answer the following questions to help you in detail. do you take alcohol? if so since when and how many times a day? did you have any fever in the past two months? had any medications like pain killers or antibiotics or herbal products recently? did you gain any weight in the past four months? revert back with the answers for the above questions to a general medicine physician online --> <link>
Tags: liver function test
Question: can physiotherapy heal diastasis recti?
Answer: first of all congratulations for delivering a beautiful baby. i have gone through your medical history in detail. diastasis of 2. 5 cm is considered a moderate degree of diastasis as far as our classification is considered. diastasis is usually hard to heal up completely only with physiotherapy. since the defect is bony it takes lots of aggressive manouvers to get the bones back together. initial three to four weeks after delivery are the most important days if you want to get back the diastasis to normal with physiotherapy. if you have an immediate post-delivery x-ray then you can get a new x-ray done and compare the diastasis gap in both x-rays to see the progress. if it is still the same even today then there are very fewer chances that this may improve only with physiotherapy. you can use gradually compressing pelvic belt which can be tightened gradually day by day. if even this does not help then you may need surgery to get the diastasis normal. try and post an x-ray of the pelvis here so that i can guide you better. for further information consult a physiotherapist online --> <link>
Tags: physiotherapy