Timbrt/Liver-Text-OA huggingface dataset:
Question: what is pregnancy planning and why is it important?
Answer: having a baby is one of the most important events in a woman's life. women considering pregnancy are encouraged to start planning for the pregnancy with their doctors early. this early planning process is called pregnancy planning. the goals of pregnancy planning are to create a healthy environment for the fetus and to prevent birth defects and other pregnancy related problems to the greatest extent possible. the issues addressed during pregnancy planning include nutrition vitamins body weight exercise avoidance of certain medications and alcohol immunizations and genetic counseling. even though many women will have normal pregnancies without any planning pregnancy planning improves the chances of a smooth pregnancy and a healthy baby. unfortunately many more women who are anticipating conceiving do not seek prior medical consultation. pregnancy planning can help prevent exposure of the mother to potentially harmful medications or substances during the early days of pregnancy. the baby's organs begin developing as early as 17 days after conception and the fertilized egg begins to grow even before the first day of the missed period. some women continue to have light bleeding that may be mistaken for a menstrual period during the first few months of pregnancy and may not even realize that they are pregnant. others may not recognize that they are pregnant until they experience weight gain or abdominal enlargement. by then they may have already been exposed to medications or substances potentially harmful to the fetus. in addition to avoiding medications and substances that are potentially harmful to the fetus other important health issues are addressed during pre-pregnancy planning. conditions such as diabetes high blood pressure kidney disease thyroid disease and heart disease in the mother are controlled to optimize pregnancy outcome. the status of the woman's immunity against german measles (rubella) and varicella (chickenpox) is also determined. women lacking rubella antibodies are immunized before conceiving (see medical issues below). women who are not immune to varicella (chickenpox) can be vaccinated but should wait 30 days after vaccination before becoming pregnant. women who are carriers of the hepatitis b virus can be identified by blood tests and their infants can be protected from hepatitis b infection by immunizations at the time of delivery. women with hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) infection should take certain medications during pregnancy to decrease not only their risks but those of the fetus as well.
Tags: pregnancy
Question: what is the danger of getting measles while pregnant?
Answer: if you contract measles while you are pregnant you may have a miscarriage a stillbirth or a preterm delivery. there appears to be no risk of having birth defects (unlike an infection with the rubella virus known as german measles).
Tags: measles, pregnancy
Question: should a woman be treated for hiv during pregnancy?
Answer: one of the greatest advances in the management of hiv infection has been in pregnant women. prior to antiviral therapy the risk of hiv transmission from an infected mother to her newborn was approximately 25%-35%. the first major advance in this area came with studies giving zdv after the first trimester of pregnancy then intravenously during the delivery process and then after delivery to the newborn for six weeks. this treatment showed a reduction in the risk of transmission to less than 10%. although less data are available with more potent drug combinations clinical experience suggests that the risk of transmission may be reduced to less than 5%. current recommendations are to advise hiv-infected pregnant women regarding both the unknown side effects of antiviral therapy on the fetus and the promising clinical experience with potent therapy in preventing transmission. in the final analysis however pregnant women with hiv should be treated essentially the same as nonpregnant women with hiv. exceptions would be during the first trimester where therapy remains controversial and avoiding certain drugs that may cause greater concern for fetal toxicity such as efv. all hiv-infected pregnant women should be managed by an obstetrician with experience in dealing with hiv-infected women. maximal obstetric precautions to minimize transmission of the hiv virus such as avoiding scalp monitors and minimizing labor after rupture of the uterine membranes should be observed. in addition the potential use of an elective caesarean section (c-section) should be discussed particularly in those women without good viral control of their hiv infection where the risk of transmission may be increased. breastfeeding should be avoided if alternative nutrition for the infant is available since hiv transmission can occur by this route. updated guidelines for managing hiv-infected women are updated on a regular basis and can be found at <link>.
Tags: hiv, pregnancy
Question: what can you take if you have anemia. i don't want to take iron pills because they make me eat and i don't want to gain all that weight back. i use to weigh 270 lbs. so i want to know what kind of food or fruit can i eat without getting acid reflux.
Answer: hi i found you this nice piece of info that says your wrong about weight gain and iron tablets please read on. ironically in the past few years it has become clear that at least half the people who are overweight have impaired iron metabolism detectable on blood tests. in many of these cases dietary iron intake was adequate perplexing researchers. it now appears that inflammation associated with excess body weight elevates a hormone in your liver called hepcidin which has the net effect of reducing iron absorption into your body from your digestive tract. the result is a metabolic nightmare of weight gain fatigue and poor thyroid function. do hope this helps you. good luck
Tags: anemia, iron, weight, food, fruit
Question: how are vitamin b-12 and folate deficiency anemia treated?
Answer: for vitamin b-12 and folate deficiency anemia the treatment depends on the cause of the deficiency. if your body stores are depleted of vitamin b-12 your doctor will most likely prescribe vitamin b-12 injections and may also recommend high doses of b-12 supplements or a b-12 nasal spray. there is a good chance that many of the symptoms of deficiency will improve once the body is provided with the needed b-12. most people with vitamin b-12 deficiency have a permanent inability to absorb vitamin b-12 and will need injections every one to three months or pills daily for the rest of their lives. some forms of gastric bypass surgery are associated with deficiencies of iron vitamin b12 and other nutrients typically absorbed in the part of the stomach that is bypassed. your doctor may also recommend that you increase the amount of vitamin b-12 in your diet. good dietary sources of vitamin b-12 are meat liver and kidney; fish oysters and clams; and milk cheese and eggs. if you have a folate deficiency your doctor will prescribe folate supplements and may recommend you increase the amount of folate in your diet. good dietary sources of folate include fresh fruits green leafy vegetables cruciferous vegetables (cauliflower broccoli and brussel sprouts) liver and kidney dairy products and whole grain cereals. vegetables should be eaten raw or lightly cooked.
Tags: anemia, folate deficiency
Question: how is anemia diagnosed?
Answer: to diagnose anemia your doctor will likely ask you about your medical history perform a physical exam and order blood tests. you can help by providing detailed answers about your symptoms family medical history diet medications you take alcohol intake and ethnic background. your doctor will look for symptoms of anemia and other physical clues that might point to a cause. there are basically three different causes of anemia: blood loss; decreased or faulty red blood cell production; or destruction of red blood cells. blood tests will not only confirm the diagnosis of anemia but also help point to the underlying condition. tests might include: complete blood count (cbc) which determines the number size volume and hemoglobin content of red blood cells blood iron level and your serum ferritin level the best indicators of your body's total iron stores levels of vitamin b12 and folate vitamins necessary for red blood cell production special blood tests to detect rare causes of anemia such as an immune attack on your red blood cells red blood cell fragility and defects of enzymes hemoglobin and clotting reticulocyte count bilirubin and other blood and urine tests to determine if you have a hemolytic anemia where your red blood cells have a shortened life span. only in rare cases will a doctor need to remove a sample of bone marrow to determine the cause of your anemia.
Tags: anemia
Question: how can being diabetic and pregnant affect the baby?
Answer: a common problem among the babies of pregnant diabetic women is a condition called "macrosomia " which means "large body. " in other words babies of diabetic women are apt to be considerably larger than others. this occurs because many of these babies receive too much sugar via the placenta because their mothers have high blood sugar levels. the baby's pancreas senses the high sugar levels and it produces more insulin in an attempt to use up all the extra sugar. that extra sugar is converted to fat making a large baby. sometimes the baby becomes too large to be delivered vaginally and a cesarean delivery becomes necessary. your doctor will closely monitor the size of your baby and will plan for the safest mode of delivery for you and your baby. if you have high blood sugar levels consistently during pregnancy (especially in the 24 hours before delivery) your baby may develop dangerously low blood sugars right after delivery. this is because the baby has high levels of insulin to use up the extra sugars but that source of sugar is suddenly taken away leaving high insulin levels so their blood sugar levels drop quickly. thus your doctor will check your baby's blood sugar levels after birth. if it's low your baby will be given glucose intravenously. your baby may also have mineral imbalances such as calcium or magnesium which can be replaced with medication.
Tags: diabetes, pregnancy, baby
Question: how can i increase my chances of having a healthy baby with a pregnancy after age 35?
Answer: good health prior and during pregnancy will help you reduce your risk of complications. here are some general recommendations. be sure to get enough folic acid in your diet. the current recommendation for women of childbearing age is to take a daily supplement containing at least 0. 4 mg of folic acid in addition to consuming foods naturally rich in folic acid. folic acid is naturally contained in leafy green vegetables dried beans liver and some citrus fruits. limit your caffeine consumption. do not have more than 300 mg of caffeine per day. the caffeine content in various drinks depends on the beans or leaves used and how it is prepared. an 8-ounce cup of coffee has about 150 mg on average while black tea has about 80 mg of caffeine. a 12-ounce glass of caffeinated soda contains anywhere from 30 to 60 mg of caffeine. remember chocolate contains caffeine -- the amount of caffeine in a chocolate bar is equal to 1/4 cup of coffee. maintain a healthy well-balanced diet and eat a variety of foods to get all the nutrients you need. choose foods high in starch and fiber. make sure you are getting enough vitamins and minerals in your daily diet. eat and drink at least four servings of dairy products and calcium-rich foods a day choose at least one source each of vitamin c vitamin a and folic acid every day. exercise regularly. review your exercise program with your health care provider. generally you may continue your normal exercise routine throughout pregnancy unless you are instructed to decrease or modify your activities. don't drink alcohol during pregnancy and don't use any medications unless recommended by your doctor. don't smoke during pregnancy. in addition be sure to obtain prenatal care especially early in your pregnancy. the first eight weeks are especially critical in your baby's development. early and regular prenatal care (health care during pregnancy) can increase your chances of having a healthy baby. regular appointments with your health care provider throughout your pregnancy are important to monitor your health and prevent or control any problems that develop during pregnancy. in addition to medical care prenatal care includes education on pregnancy and childbirth plus counseling and support.
Tags: pregnancy, baby
Question: what causes anemia?
Answer: there are more than 400 types of anemia with three main causes. anemia can be caused by bleeding from gastrointestinal conditions (ulcers hemorrhoids gastritis cancer) use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) such as aspirin or motrin menstruation and childbirth. it may be caused by decreased or faulty red blood cell production due to sickle cell anemia iron deficiency anemia vitamin deficiency bone marrow and stem cell problems or other health conditions (advanced kidney disease hypothyroidism cancer infection autoimmune disorders). or it may be caused by the destruction of red blood cells from inherited conditions such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia stressors such as infections or drugs toxins from advanced liver or kidney disease inappropriate attack by the immune system vascular grafts prosthetic heart valves tumors severe burns chemical exposure severe hypertension and clotting disorders.
Tags: anemia
Question: does stress trigger fibromyalgia during pregnancy?
Answer: pregnant or not stress -- both physical and emotional -- is known to trigger fibromyalgia. considering all that's involved with pregnancy labor and delivery it's obvious that pregnancy is a time of high stress. with pregnancy there are changes in the levels of estrogen progesterone and other hormones. also since the time after a pregnancy can be difficult for mothers -- even those without fibromyalgia -- it's important to be aware of the possible increase in pain and other symptoms that may occur after giving birth.
Tags: fibromyalgia, stress, pregnancy
Question: what are the complications of anemia?
Answer: hemoglobin has the important role of delivering oxygen to all parts of the body and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs so it can be exhaled out of the body. if hemoglobin level is too low which is what happens in anemia this process may be impaired resulting in the body having low oxygen level (hypoxia).
Tags: anemia
Question: what are some of the additional problems that can occur in a pregnancy after age 35?
Answer: chronic health problems such as diabetes or high blood pressure are more common in women in their 30s and 40s. be sure to get these conditions under control before you become pregnant since they pose risks to both you and your baby. careful medical monitoring begun before conception and continued throughout your pregnancy can reduce the risks associated with these conditions. high blood pressure and diabetes can develop for the first time during pregnancy and women over the age of 30 are at increased risk. if you are pregnant and over age 35 this makes it especially important that you get early and regular prenatal care to ensure early diagnosis and proper treatment. stillbirth (delivery of a baby that has died before birth) is more common in women over age 35. older women are also more likely to have low-birth weight babies (weighing less than 5. 5 pounds at birth). cesarean birth is also slightly more common for women having their first child after age 35.
Tags: pregnancy
Question: i have panic attacks anxiety 20lbs weight gain excessive body odor in armpits fatigue irritability and restlessness. my doctor did blood work a year ago and said it was fine. this seemed to all happen in the year after i had my second child. i did have the essure implanted in that time also i'm not sure if that is in any way related. as for the weight gain i have always been a small person and after both my children i was down to my normal weight within 2 weeks of delivering each of my children but within this time frame i went from losing all the weight within 2 weeks and then gaining 20lbs within a year.
Answer: hi see your doctor and ask for a blood test for your hormones some of what you say could be your testosterone out of whack and some of your other hormones. ok good luck
Tags: panic attack, anxiety, weight, weight gain, armpit
Question: what is atherosclerosis?
Answer: atherosclerosis is a gradual process whereby hard cholesterol substances (plaques) are deposited in the walls of the arteries. cholesterol plaques cause hardening of the artery walls and narrowing of the inner channel (lumen) of the artery. arteries carry blood that is enriched with oxygen and nutrients to the vital organs such as the brain heart kidneys and liver. arteries also transport blood to other tissues such as the fingers toes nerves bones skin and muscles. healthy arteries can deliver an ample supply of blood to the organs and tissues. in contrast arteries that are narrowed by atherosclerosis have difficulty delivering blood to the parts of the body they supply. for example atherosclerosis of the arteries in the legs causes poor circulation in the lower extremities. poor circulation in the lower extremities can lead to pain while walking or exercising deficient wound healing and/or leg ulcers. atherosclerosis can also cause the complete blockage of an artery from a blood clot. this complete blockage interrupts oxygen supply and results in tissue injury or death. thus the blockage of an artery that furnishes blood to the brain can lead to a stroke (death of brain tissue). likewise the blockage of the arteries to the heart can result in a heart attack (death of heart muscle) also called myocardial infarction (mi).
Tags: atherosclerosis
Question: how do i choose a health care provider for pregnancy?
Answer: before you choose a health care provider for pregnancy the first question to ask is whether your pregnancy is likely to be normal and uncomplicated or complicated and high-risk? if you have high blood pressure diabetes or a history of previous pregnancy complications are younger than 18 or 35 and older you should seek care from a health care provider experienced in treating women with your type of medical condition such as an ob/gyn or perinatologist. if you are at low risk for complications your family practitioner or a nurse midwife may be right for you. once you decide the type of provider that best suits your needs you will need to select one person in particular. you may want to schedule an introductory visit to meet with the health care provider you are considering and determine if you feel comfortable with him or her. here are some questions to ask during your meeting. how long have you been in practice? when and where did you receive training? are you board-certified? do you have professional or patient references? have you had any problems with your medical practice? to get this information contact your state medical licensing board. what are your general philosophies about pregnancy labor and delivery? think about how they fit in with your own beliefs. how many babies do you deliver per week? how many children do you have? are you in a group practice? if so will i see every provider with whom you rotate during my doctor visits? do i have a choice about whom i see and who delivers my baby? note: if you choose a health care provider who belongs to a group practice usually all the members of the group will see you during your pregnancy and one of them will be there for the delivery. who will i see at each appointment? will you be in town around my due date? note that there are no guarantees that a specific health care provider will deliver your baby since no provider is available 24 hours a day; make sure you know the other providers in the practice or with whom the doctor shares delivery responsibility. if i have a question who do i call? who responds to the calls? do you accept questions via e-mail? am i allowed to write a personal birth plan? will it be respected? a personal birth plan is a written agreement between you and your doctor as to how your baby will be delivered. it gives the parents more of a role in the decision making process; however the plan is no guarantee that your birthing process will go as planned since complications can arise. if complications arise your doctor will make decisions based on your and your baby's safety. what is your policy on inducing labor if i go beyond my due date? another important thing to consider when selecting a health care provider is where you want to deliver. if you have a certain place in mind you need to make sure that person can deliver your baby there.
Tags: pregnancy
Question: how can i become pregnant if i have problems ovulating?
Answer: once your doctor has ruled out other medical conditions he or she may prescribe fertility drugs to stimulate your ovulation. the drug contained in both clomid and serophene (clomiphene) is often a first choice because it's effective and has been prescribed to women for decades. unlike many infertility drugs it also has the advantage of being taken orally instead of by injection. it is used to induce ovulation and to correct irregular ovulation by increasing egg production by the ovaries. clomiphene induces ovulation in most women with anovulation. up to 10% of women who use clomiphene for infertility will have a multiple gestation pregnancy -- usually twins. (in comparison just 1% of the general population of women delivers twins. ) the typical starting dosage of clomphene is 50 milligrams per day for five days beginning on the third fourth or fifth day after your period begins. you can expect to start ovulating about seven days after you've taken the last dose of clomiphene. if you don't ovulate right away the dose can be increased by 50 milligrams per day each month up to 150 mg. after you've begun to ovulate most doctors suggest taking clomid for no longer than six months. if you haven't gotten pregnant by then you would try a different medication. these fertility drugs sometimes make the cervical mucus "hostile" to sperm keeping sperm from swimming into the uterus. this can be overcome by using artificial insemination -- injecting specially prepared sperm directly into the uterus -- to fertilize the egg. depending on your situation your doctor may also suggest other fertility drugs such as gonal-f or other injectable hormones that stimulate follicles and stimulate egg development in the ovaries. these are the so-called "super-ovulation" drugs. most of these drugs are administered by injection just under the skin. some of these hormones may overstimulate the ovaries (causing abdominal bloating and discomfort) thus your doctor will monitor you with frequent vaginal ultrasounds and blood tests to monitor estrogen levels. about 90% of women ovulate with these drugs and between 20% and 60% become pregnant.
Tags: pregnancy, ovulation
Question: diazepam interaction with oxcarbazepine? . i have read conflicting information one site say's trileptal lowers valium the other say's it increases its effect? valium has both the cyp450 2c19 isoenzyme. and. hepatic/intestinal enzyme cyp3a4 metabolism? the cyp450 2c19 increases blood plasma of valium but cyp3a4 decreases it? i found this when i was trying to find why i may have felt major anxiety on this new med trileptal. is it decreasing my anxiety medication? . thanks in advance!
Answer: hi this is from www. drugs. com oxcarbazepine may increase the blood levels and effects of diazepam. you may need a dose adjustment or more frequent monitoring by your doctor to safely use both medications. contact your doctor if you experience increased side effects or your condition changes. it is important to tell your doctor about all other medications you use including vitamins and herbs. do not stop using any medications without first talking to your doctor. hope it helps you. good luck
Tags: intestine, metabolism, anxiety