Timbrt/Liver-Text-OA huggingface dataset:
Question: can i do 7 hour flight when 30 weeks pregnant with placenta circumsvalata? . hi i am 27 years old and pregnant at 24 weeks. last week i was told that i have placenta circumsvalata based on my 22 week fetal survey. i am also planning a move from east coast to west coast. does this condition cause any concern if i fly for 7 hours when i am 30 weeks pregnant? as i read most complications from this condition start happening after then. so far i am at 24 weeks never had spotting or any other complications baby growth and kick are all normal. thanks!
Answer: hi i have this from the uk’s nhs its all pretty standard stuff for flying but you have that extra problem i think like they say get this all in place before you even think about booking. before you travel. if you're planning on travelling by plane you should discuss this with your midwife or gp. before you book your tickets check with your airline and insurance company that they will allow you to travel while pregnant. after week 28 of the pregnancy most airlines require a letter from your midwife or gp confirming: that you're in good health that you have a normal pregnancy the expected date of delivery be aware that your gp may charge you for the letter. your gp surgery can give you more information about what their charges are. some airlines may require medical clearance if: your delivery date is less than four weeks after your departure date or any complications are expected in your delivery. this may involve your gp or midwife filling in a form or an assessment by the airline staff. check with your airline as the restrictions can vary. do hope this helps you. good luck
Tags: pregnancy, placenta, fetus, movement, spotting
Question: what is prostate cancer?
Answer: prostate cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor (growth) that consists of cells from the prostate gland. generally the tumor usually grows slowly and remains confined to the gland for many years. during this time the tumor produces little or no symptoms or outward signs (abnormalities on physical examination). however all prostate cancers do not behave similarly. some aggressive types of prostate cancer grow and spread more rapidly than others and can cause a significant shortening of life expectancy in men affected by them. a measure of prostate cancer aggressiveness is the gleason score which is calculated by a trained pathologist observing prostate biopsy specimens under the microscope. as the cancer advances however it can spread beyond the prostate into the surrounding tissues (local spread). moreover the cancer also can metastasize (spread even farther) throughout other areas of the body such as the bones lungs and liver. symptoms and signs therefore are more often associated with advanced prostate cancer.
Tags: prostate cancer
Question: what is brachytherapy to treat prostate cancer?
Answer: brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy used to treat prostate cancer. during the procedure radioactive seeds are implanted into the prostate gland. the seeds remain in place permanently and become inactive after about 10 months. this technique allows for delivery of a high dose of radiation to the prostate with limited damage to surrounding tissues.
Tags: implant radiation, prostate cancer
Question: what are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Answer: in the early stages prostate cancer often causes no symptoms for many years. as a matter of fact these cancers frequently are first detected by an abnormality on a blood test (the psa) or as a hard nodule (lump) in the prostate gland. occasionally the doctor may first feel a hard nodule during a routine digital (done with the finger) rectal examination. the prostate gland is located immediately in front of the rectum. rarely in more advanced cases the cancer may enlarge and press on the urethra. as a result the flow of urine diminishes and urination becomes more difficult. patients may also experience burning with urination or blood in the urine. as the tumor continues to grow it can completely block the flow of urine resulting in a painfully obstructed and enlarged urinary bladder. these symptoms by themselves however do not confirm the presence of prostate cancer. most of these symptoms can occur in men with non-cancerous (benign) enlargement of the prostate (the most common form of prostate enlargement). however the occurrence of these symptoms should prompt an evaluation by the doctor to rule out cancer and provide appropriate treatment. furthermore in the later stages prostate cancer can spread locally into the surrounding tissue or the nearby lymph nodes called the pelvic nodes. the cancer then can spread even farther (metastasize) to other areas of the body. symptoms of metastatic disease include fatigue malaise and weight loss. during a rectal examination the doctor can sometimes detect local spread into the surrounding tissues. that is the physician can feel a hard fixed (not moveable) tumor extending from and beyond the gland. prostate cancer usually metastasizes first to the lower spine or the pelvic bones (the bones connecting the lower spine to the hips) thereby causing back or pelvic pain. the cancer can then spread to the liver and lungs. metastases (areas to which the cancer has spread) to the liver can cause pain in the abdomen and jaundice (yellow color of the skin) in rare instances. metastases to the lungs can cause chest pain and coughing.
Tags: prostate cancer
Question: how can testosterone replacement trigger prostate cancer?
Answer: cancer cells are exquisitely sensitive and in fact stimulated to grow by testosterone. so before a man is put on testosterone therapy it’s essential that we know he does not have cancer both by an exam and a blood test. and if a man is put on testosterone he needs to be monitored to make sure that a cancer doesn’t develop by monitoring the exam and the psa blood test. there are a lot of men out there who are saying ooh my testosterone is a little low i need a little oomph. and there’s a downside to that. absolutely. well the problem is that it’s easy to treat. and men if they’re depressed if they’re feeling a little fatigued if their sex drive is down any reason they go to the doctor and it’s easy to say aha your testosterone is low give them testosterone replacements where they draw a single level and say this is the problem but that’s not the way to do it. but the testosterone level fluctuates dramatically throughout the day and so if you don’t draw it at the right time you might get an artificially high or low level so it should be drawn ideally at late to mid-morning. and then you have to understand what it is you’re treating. are you treating a symptom or are you treating a blood test result. so we want to treat the man monitor the levels. it’s important that the levels be appropriate and it’s important that we’re sure we’re treating the right thing. just because his testosterone might be low there might be other more serious or dangerous causes of what’s ailing him. hormone imbalances as far as like diabetes thyroid disorders liver disorders. it could be side effects from medication it may be side effects from social activities such as marijuana tobacco or alcohol. all of these things can impact on a man as well as if he’s stressed or fatigued that doesn’t necessarily mean there’s something hormonally wrong. maybe he’s not getting enough sleep. 01:08:01 maybe he’s stressed because of work and he just needs to learn stress reduction techniques than try to look for something a shot or a pill that will make things better. today there are a lot of problems treated with testosterone for problems that really aren’t low testosterone. and we need to be careful because too much testosterone for the wrong reasons can stimulate prostate cancer.
Tags: testosterone, prostate cancer
Question: how is the staging of prostate cancer done?
Answer: the staging of a cancer refers to determining the extent of the disease. once a prostate cancer is diagnosed on a biopsy additional tests are done to assess whether the cancer has spread beyond the gland. for this assessment biopsies of the surrounding organs such as the rectum or urinary bladder or of the nearby (pelvic) lymph nodes might be done. in addition imaging tests are usually performed. for example radionuclide bone scans can determine if there is a spread of the tumor to the bones. additionally ct scans (computed tomography) and mris (magnetic resonance imaging) can determine if the cancer has spread to adjacent tissues or organs such as the bladder or rectum or to other parts of the body such as the liver or lungs. newer scanning using a method called pet scan can sometimes help to detect hidden locations of cancer that has spread to various areas of the body. in brief doctors do the staging of prostate cancer based primarily on the results of the prostate biopsy possibly other biopsies and imaging tests. in staging a cancer doctors assign various letters and numbers to the cancer depending on which of the classifications for staging they use. the numbers and letters in the different classifications define the volume or amount of the tumor and the spread of the cancer. the stage of the prostate cancer therefore helps to predict the expected course of the disease and determine the choice of treatment. two main systems are used to stage prostate cancer. in the american urological staging system stage a describes a minimal cancer that can neither be palpated (felt) on physical examination nor seen by imaging techniques. such a tumor is so small that it can be detected only by viewing it under a microscope. stage b refers to a larger cancer that may be felt but that still is confined (localized) to the prostate gland. stage c indicates local spread beyond the prostate into the surrounding tissues. stage d1 signifies a spread to the nearby (pelvic) lymph nodes and d2 is for distant spread (metastasis) for example to the bones liver or lungs. the other main system for staging prostate cancer is called the t umor n odes and m etastasis (tnm) classification. in this system t1 and t2 are equivalent to stage a and b (respectively) in the american urological system. t3 describes cancer that extends just beyond the capsule (coat) of the prostate and t4 describes cancer that is fixed to the surrounding tissues. n1 is equivalent tosstage d1 and m1 is equivalent to d2.
Tags: prostate cancer
Question: how is localized prostate cancer treated?
Answer: three treatment options are generally accepted for men with localized prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy radiation therapy (with or without hormonal therapy) and surveillance (also called watchful waiting). radical prostatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the entire prostate gland and nearby tissues. sometimes lymph nodes in the pelvic area (the lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones) are also removed. radical prostatectomy may be performed using a technique called nerve-sparing surgery that may prevent damage to the nerves needed for an erection. however nerve-sparing surgery is not always possible. radiation therapy involves the delivery of radiation energy to the prostate. the energy is usually delivered in an outpatient setting using an external beam of radiation. the energy can also be delivered in a technique known as brachytherapy which involves implanting radioactive seeds in the prostate using a needle. patients with high-risk prostate cancer are candidates for adding hormonal therapy to standard radiation therapy. active surveillance (watchful waiting) may be an option recommended for patients with early-stage prostate cancer particularly those who have low-grade tumors with only a small amount of cancer seen in the biopsy specimen. these patients have regular examinations psa testing and sometimes scheduled biopsies. if there is evidence of cancer growth active treatment may be recommended. older patients and those with serious medical problems may also be good candidates for active surveillance.
Tags: prostate cancer
Question: how is psoriatic arthritis diagnosed?
Answer: your doctor will diagnose psoriatic arthritis based on a physical exam patient history family history and lab tests. while there is no specific lab test to diagnose psoriatic arthritis blood tests from some patients may reveal mild anemia and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate or esr) is a test that gives a rough index of inflammation. the sed rate is not specific and can be elevated with many other conditions such as other autoimmune syndromes infection tumor liver disease or pregnancy. your doctor may do other blood tests such as rheumatoid factor to help exclude the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. rheumatoid factor is a blood test that is positive in 70% to 80% of those with rheumatoid arthritis. however this test may be positive in healthy people and negative in people with rheumatoid arthritis so it is not conclusive. when one or two large joints (such as knees) are inflamed arthrocentesis can be performed. arthrocentesis is an office procedure in which a sterile needle is used to withdraw (aspirate) fluid from the inflamed joints. the fluid is then analyzed for infection gout crystals and other inflammatory conditions. x-rays may show changes of cartilage or bone injury indicative of arthritis of the spine sacroiliac joints and/or joints of the hands. typical x-ray findings include bony erosions resulting from arthritis. magnetic resonance imaging tests (mri) may also be used to detect joint and tissue inflammation. the blood test for the genetic marker hla-b27 can be found in more than 50% of patients with psoriatic arthritis who have spine inflammation. because psoriatic arthritis may lead to bone loss a bone density scan may be taken to measure bone strength and to assess which patients may be at risk for osteoporosis and fractures.
Tags: psoriatic arthritis
Question: what causes pancreas divisum?
Answer: the human embryo starts life with two ducts in the pancreas; the ventral duct and the dorsal duct. in more than 90% of the embryos the dorsal and the ventral ducts will fuse to form one main pancreatic duct. the main pancreatic duct will join the common bile duct (the duct that drains bile from the gallbladder and the liver) to form a common bile and pancreatic duct which drains into the duodenum through the major papilla. in approximately 10% of embryos the dorsal and the ventral ducts fail to fuse. failure of the ventral and the dorsal pancreatic ducts to fuse is called pancreas divisum (because the pancreas is drained by two ducts). in pancreas divisum the ventral duct drains into the major papilla while the dorsal duct drains into a separate minor papilla.
Tags: pancreas divisum
Question: what can cause pain in the lower right abdomin. my daughter was diagnosed with a severe case of strep and mono last weekend. the strep is gone or should say doctor says her throat looks a lot better but the mono isn't. she is complaining of pain her glands of her neck both sides and she has said for the last few days she has had pain at night and sometimes during the day in her lower right abdomin. she is on an antibiotic it is the penicillin v 500 mg 2 x day i know that causes diarreaha but is this serious should i have her looked at again.
Answer: it sounds like mono or epstien bar virus (they can cause each other thogh) because i had both in summer 2012 and i still got the swollen lympnodes (if you get these from mono they can last up to a year)not suppose to but i do and to tell you the truth i think i am getting it again but a whole lot worse mono can lead to lymphoma (same symptoms as mono) and i know that because my ex did and well i know i got lymphoma or mono again but anyways if you got mono there is no treatment for it the only thing you can do is get a lot of rest and take some over the counter pain pills and you cannot do hardly any physical activity because when you have mono your spleen gets swollen and if you fall you could rupture your spleen and the result for that is hospital for a while. mononucleosis symptoms pain or discomfort enlarged or swollen glands fever excessive sweating night sweats skin rash sore throat yellow skin yellow eyes decreased appetite fatigue headache tenderness to touch weakness (generalized) swollen tonsils tender glands unable to blink or close eyelid
Tags: pain, throat, neck, antibiotic, penicillin
Question: what exams and tests help doctors to evaluate or test people for parkinsons disease?
Answer: a diagnosis of parkinson's disease is based on your medical history and a thorough neurological exam. your doctor also may check your sense of smell. sometimes your doctor will have you try a medicine for parkinson's disease. if that medicine helps your symptoms it may help the doctor find out if you have parkinson's disease. there are no lab tests that can diagnose parkinson's disease. if your symptoms and the doctor's findings during the examination are not entirely typical of parkinson's disease certain tests may be done to help diagnose other conditions with similar symptoms. for instance blood tests may be done to check for abnormal thyroid hormone levels or liver damage. an imaging test (such as a ct scan or an mri ) may be used to check for signs of a stroke or brain tumor. another type of imaging test called pet sometimes may detect low levels of dopamine in the brain a key feature of parkinson's disease. however pet scanning is not commonly used to evaluate parkinson's disease because it is very expensive is not available in many hospitals and is only used experimentally. early detection for some diseases doctors can do tests to look for problems or diseases before you have any symptoms. this is called screening. but there is no screening test for parkinson's disease at this time. webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: parkinson's disease
Question: sex 2 weeks ago. no condom broke but there was unprotected oral! full test 13 dys aftr. was - how reliable is tht. was sex with another male. just want to know if tht test is reliable after 13 days
Answer: hi as you have not said what std you think it is have a look at this list or just get to an std/gum clinic and ask them its what they are there for. chlamydia - anytime from 1 week to 3 weeks gonorrhea - anytime from 2 days to 30 syphilis - anytime from 10 days to 3 months herpes – anytime from 2 weeks to 3 months hepatitis b – anytime from 3 weeks to 2 months hepatitis c – anytime up to 6 months hiv – anytime from 4 weeks to 3 months - see more at: <link>#sthash. tz9utgz1. dpuf do hope this helps you. good luck
Tags: condom
Question: how is pneumonia diagnosed?
Answer: pneumonia may be suspected when the doctor examines the patient and hears coarse breathing or crackling sounds when listening to a portion of the chest with a stethoscope. there may be wheezing or the sounds of breathing may be faint in a particular area of the chest. a chest x-ray is usually ordered to confirm the diagnosis of pneumonia. the lungs have several segments referred to as lobes usually two on the left and three on the right. when the pneumonia affects one of these lobes it is often referred to as lobar pneumonia. some pneumonias have a more patchy distribution that does not involve specific lobes. in the past when both lungs were involved in the infection the term "double pneumonia" was used. this term is rarely used today. sputum samples can be collected and examined under the microscope. pneumonia caused by bacteria or fungi can be detected by this examination. a sample of the sputum can be grown in special incubators and the offending organism can be subsequently identified. it is important to understand that the sputum specimen must contain little saliva from the mouth and be delivered to the laboratory fairly quickly. otherwise overgrowth of noninfecting bacteria from the mouth may predominate. as we have used antibiotics in a broader uncontrolled fashion more organisms are becoming resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. these types of cultures can help in directing more appropriate therapy. a blood test that measures white blood cell count (wbc) may be performed. an individual's white blood cell count can often give a hint as to the severity of the pneumonia and whether it is caused by bacteria or a virus. an increased number of neutrophils one type of wbc is seen in most bacterial infections whereas an increase in lymphocytes another type of wbc is seen in viral infections fungal infections and some bacterial infections (like tuberculosis). bronchoscopy is a procedure in which a thin flexible lighted viewing tube is inserted into the nose or mouth after a local anesthetic is administered. using this device the doctor can directly examine the breathing passages (trachea and bronchi). simultaneously samples of sputum or tissue from the infected part of the lung can be obtained. sometimes fluid collects in the pleural space around the lung as a result of the inflammation from pneumonia. this fluid is called a pleural effusion. if a significant amount of fluid develops it can be removed. after numbing the skin with local anesthetic a needle is inserted into the chest cavity and fluid can be withdrawn and examined under the microscope. this procedure is called a thoracentesis. often ultrasound is used to prevent complications from this procedure. in some cases this fluid can become severely inflamed (parapneumonic effusion) or infected (empyema) and may need to be removed by more aggressive surgical procedures. today most often this involves surgery through a tube or thoracoscope. this is referred to as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or vats.
Tags: pneumonia
Question: what increases the risk of getting pneumonia?
Answer: you are more likely to get pneumonia if you: smoke. cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor for developing pneumonia in healthy young people. 2 have another medical condition especially lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) or asthma. are younger than 1 year of age or older than 65. have an impaired immune system. have a change in mental status (such as confusion or loss of consciousness) that increases the risk of breathing mucus or saliva from the nose or mouth liquids or food from the stomach into the lungs ( aspiration ). take medicine called a proton pump inhibitor (such as pantoprazole or omeprazole ) that reduces the amount of stomach acid. 3 drink excessive amounts of alcohol. recently had a cold or the flu. don't get enough to eat to stay healthy (malnutrition). you are more likely to have complications of pneumonia and may need to go to the hospital if you: are older than 65. have other illnesses (especially copd diabetes asthma chronic kidney failure heart failure and chronic liver disease). have gone to the hospital for another medical problem within the last 12 months. breathe mucus or stomach contents into your lungs ( aspiration ). have a changed mental status (such as delirium or dementia ). have had your spleen removed or do not have a working spleen (such as in sickle cell disease ). have an alcohol use problem. do not get enough healthy foods (malnutrition). have a weak immune system. reside in a place where people live close together such as a college dorm or nursing home. webmd medical reference from healthwise this information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2011 healthwise incorporated. healthwise healthwise for every health decision and the healthwise logo are trademarks of healthwise incorporated.
Tags: pneumonia