Timbrt/Liver-Text-OA huggingface dataset:
Question: how is benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) treated?
Answer: there are several different ways to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph): watchful waiting is often chosen by men who are not bothered by symptoms of bph. they have no treatment but get regular checkups and wait to see whether or not the condition gets worse. medical treatment of bph is usually reserved for men who have significant symptoms. the available drugs include: alpha blockers relax the smooth muscles of the prostate and the bladder neck which helps to relieve urinary obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate. side effects can include headaches fatigue or lightheadedness. commonly used alpha blockers in bph include tamsulosin (flomax) alfuzosin (uroxatral) and older medications such as terazosin (hytrin) or doxazosin (cardura). these drugs generally will lead to improvement in symptoms within several weeks and have no effect on prostate size. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors block the conversion of the male hormone testosterone into its active form in the prostate (dht). the prostate enlargement in bph is directly dependent on dht so these drugs lead to an approximate 25% reduction in prostate size over six to 12 months. for this reason improvement in urinary symptoms most commonly takes this long to occur. examples of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors include finasteride (proscar) and dutasteride (avodart). side effects of finasteride may include declining interest in sex problems getting an erection and problems with ejaculation. surgery or office procedures may also be used to treat bph most commonly in men who have not responded satisfactorily to medication or those who have more severe problems such as a complete inability to urinate. transurethral resection of the prostate (turp) has been used for the longest period of time. after the patient is given anesthesia the doctor inserts a special instrument into the urethra through the penis. with the instrument the doctor then shaves away part of the inner prostate to relieve the outflow of urine from the bladder. laser procedures: a number of laser procedures are available some of which can be performed in the doctor's office with minimal anesthesia. these procedures also involve the removal of obstructing prostate tissue. they are generally associated with less bleeding and quicker recovery than turp but may not be as effective over the long term in some men. microwave therapy: this procedure is generally performed in the office and involves the use of microwave energy delivered to the prostate to kill some of the cells leading eventually to shrinkage of the prostate. men should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of each of these options. prostate surgery has traditionally been seen as offering the most benefits for bph but unfortunately carries the most risks.
Tags: benign prostatic hyperplasia
Question: what is cystic fibrosis?
Answer: cystic fibrosis (sis-tik fi-bro-sis) or cf is an inherited disease of your secretory glands including the glands that make mucus and sweat. "inherited" means that the disease is passed through the genes from parents to children. people who have cystic fibrosis inherit two faulty cystic fibrosis genes — one from each parent. the parents likely don't have the disease themselves. cystic fibrosis mostly affects the lungs pancreas liver intestines sinuses and sex organs. mucus is a substance made by the lining of some body tissues. normally mucus is a slippery watery substance. it keeps the linings of certain organs moist and prevents them from drying out or getting infected. however if you have cystic fibrosis your mucus becomes thick and sticky. the mucus builds up in your lungs and blocks your airways — the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. the build-up of mucus makes it easy for bacteria to grow. this leads to repeated serious lung infections. over time these infections can severely damage your lungs. the thick sticky mucus also can block tubes or ducts in your pancreas. as a result the digestive enzymes that your pancreas makes can't reach your small intestine. these enzymes help break down the food that you eat. without them your intestines can't fully absorb fats and proteins. this can cause vitamin deficiency and malnutrition because nutrients leave your body unused. it also can cause bulky stools intestinal gas a swollen belly from severe constipation and pain or discomfort. cystic fibrosis also causes your sweat to become very salty. as a result your body loses large amounts of salt when you sweat. this can upset the balance of minerals in your blood and cause a number of health problems. examples include dehydration (a condition in which your body doesn't have enough fluids) increased heart rate tiredness weakness decreased blood pressure heat stroke and rarely death. if you or your child has cystic fibrosis you're also at increased risk for diabetes or a bone-thinning condition called osteoporosis. cystic fibrosis also causes infertility in men and it can make it harder for women to get pregnant.
Tags: cystic fibrosis
Question: is it safe to get pregnant if i have crohn's disease?
Answer: research has shown that the course of pregnancy and delivery is usually not impaired in women with crohn's disease. even so women with crohn's disease should discuss the matter with their doctors before pregnancy. most children born to women with crohn's disease are unaffected. children who do get the disease are sometimes more severely affected than adults with slowed growth and delayed sexual development in some cases.
Tags: pregnancy, crohn's disease
Question: what are the complications of crohn's disease?
Answer: complications of crohn's disease may be related or unrelated to the inflammation within the intestine (such as intestinal or extra-intestinal). intestinal complications of crohn's disease include obstruction and perforation of the small intestine abscesses (collections of pus) fistulae and intestinal bleeding. massive distention or dilatation of the colon (megacolon) and rupture (perforation) of the intestine are potentially lifethreatening complications. both generally require surgery but fortunately these two complications are rare. recent data suggest that there is an increased risk of cancer of the small intestine and colon in patients with longstanding crohn's disease. extra intestinal complications involve the skin joints spine eyes liver and bile ducts. skin involvement includes painful red raised spots on the legs (erythema nodosum) and an ulcerating skin condition generally found around the ankles called pyoderma gangrenosum. painful eye conditions (uveitis episcleritis) can cause visual difficulties. arthritis can cause pain swelling and stiffness of the joints of the extremities. inflammation of the low back (sacroiliac joint arthritis) and of the spine (ankylosing spondylitis) can cause pain and stiffness of the spine. inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) or bile ducts (primary sclerosing cholangitis) also can occur. sclerosing cholangitis causes narrowing and obstruction of the ducts draining the liver and can lead to yellow skin (jaundice) recurrent bacterial infections and liver cirrhosis with liver failure. sclerosing cholangitis with liver failure is one of the reasons for performing liver transplantation. sclerosing cholangitis frequently is complicated by the development of cancer of the bile ducts.
Tags: crohn's disease
Question: what are the complications of crohn's disease?
Answer: the most common complication is blockage of the intestine. blockage occurs because the disease tends to thicken the intestinal wall with swelling and scar tissue narrowing the passage. crohn's disease may also cause sores or ulcers that tunnel through the affected area into surrounding tissues such as the bladder vagina or skin. the areas around the anus and rectum are often involved. the tunnels called fistulas are a common complication and often become infected. sometimes fistulas can be treated with medicine but in some cases they may require surgery. nutritional complications are common in crohn's disease. deficiencies of proteins calories and vitamins are well documented in crohn's disease. these deficiencies may be caused by inadequate dietary intake intestinal loss of protein or poor absorption (malabsorption). other complications associated with crohn's disease include arthritis skin problems inflammation in the eyes or mouth kidney stones gallstones or other diseases of the liver and biliary system. some of these problems resolve during treatment for disease in the digestive system but some must be treated separately.
Tags: crohn's disease
Question: is choline good or bad. studies by steven zeisel have shown that most people don't get the necessary amount of choline and those most deficient show fatty liver and or muscle damage in up to 80% of men. the best sources of choline are from lecithin in eggs and liver. however in the last couple weeks two studies have come out showing gut bacteria convert lecithin and carnitine into tmao which is linked to artheroschlerosis heart attack and stroke. what do you think.
Answer: it's too early to tell. this study did show that higher levels of trimethylamine-n-oxide (tmao) are associated with increased heart disease risk. and yes dietary choline found in eggs and meat is metabolized into tmao. but this does not prove cause and effect and they don't know if lowering tmao will lower heart disease risk. also there are other dietary factors that should be looked at such as the consumption of fermented foods probiotics and prebiotics which promote beneficial bacteria. whenever there is preliminary research like this more studies are needed to confirm a relationship. it's too soon to make a recommendation that people avoid choline-rich foods like eggs. don't forget there are other sources of choline such as wheat germ and broccoli in addition to animal products. for more on this study see this link and for more about choline click here.
Tags: stroke, liver, muscle, electrogastrogram, bacterium
Question: how do the salmonella bacteria cause disease and how is it diagnosed?
Answer: after the ingestion of contaminated food or water the salmonella bacteria invade the small intestine and enter the bloodstream temporarily. the bacteria are carried by white blood cells in the liver spleen and bone marrow. the bacteria then multiply in the cells of these organs and reenter the bloodstream. patients develop symptoms including fever when the organism reenters the bloodstream. bacteria invade the gallbladder biliary system and the lymphatic tissue of the bowel. here they multiply in high numbers. the bacteria pass into the intestinal tract and can be identified for diagnosis in cultures from the stool tested in the laboratory. stool cultures are sensitive in the early and late stages of the disease but often must be supplemented with blood cultures to make the definite diagnosis.
Tags: bacterium
Question: where do tetanus bacteria grow in the body?
Answer: contaminated wounds are the sites where tetanus bacteria multiply. deep wounds or those with dead tissue are particularly prone to tetanus infection. puncture wounds such as those caused by nails splinters or insect bites are favorite locations of entry for the bacteria. the bacteria can also be introduced through burns any break in the skin and drug injection sites. tetanus can also be a hazard to both the mother and newborn child (by means of the uterus after delivery and through the umbilical cord stump). the potent toxin that is produced when the tetanus bacteria multiply is the major cause of harm in this disease.
Tags: tetanus, bacterium
Question: what is a safe easy way to remove toxins from yor body while pregnant?
Answer: that is something you need to discuss with your ob doctor. since i do not know the method you are planning on doing to remove these toxins (often a laxative) i do not think it would be a good idea to do this while you are pregnant. since these things have unproven safety for you and your baby it would not be wise to postpone detoxification until you deliver and are finished nursing your baby.
Tags: pregnancy
Question: is it safe to go to the dentist when pregnant. is it safe to have the shot that numbs your mouth. . i have to have a root canal done and i just found out i am pregnant and want to know if it is safe for me to go?
Answer: going to the dentist should be safe but you must always inform your dentist that you are pregnant. elective x-rays for instance may be postponed until after you deliver and any medications that may be prescribed would have to be those proven safe during pregnancy. the medicine that numbs your mouth is lidocaine. very little if any will be absorbed through the body. most of it stays right where the dentist put it. and the amount is very very tiny. this is not contraindicated if you are pregnant. your ob may also have some different parameters about dental visits so please discuss this in advance.
Tags: pregnancy, mouth
Question: is anemia common after pregnancy? . a few days ago my dr told me i have iron defiency anemia. i gave birh almost 7 months ago and was wondering if devolping this was normal? also what exactly is anemia? about how long will the iron supplement take to correct the anemia and other treatments?
Answer: anemia occurs when the body has a lower than normal number of red blood cells circulating in the blood stream. common symptoms of anemia include fatigue dizziness and shortness of breath. there are several conditions that can cause anemia. iron deficiency anemia is common in young women. it is often related to blood loss from heavy periods. it also can develop during pregnancy when daily iron requirements increase. blood loss during delivery they may also affect iron levels. it can take several weeks of treatment with iron supplements to correct iron deficiency anemia depending upon the severity of the anemia. eating foods rich in iron such as green leafy vegetables meats fish beans lentils chickpeas and iron fortified grains in breads and cereals may also help to increase your iron levels.
Tags: anemia, pregnancy, iron, birth, supplement
Question: are mouth wash contents risky in case of pregnancy?
Answer: assuming you're using a mouthwash that does not contain alcohol you should be fine. look for mouthwash that specifically says "alcohol free" or "contains no alcohol" on the label. you should be able to find both brand name and generic mouthwash preparations that contain no alcohol. oral care is very important during pregnancy including brushing and flossing because some studies have shown women without gum disease have increased odds of delivering a full-term baby. if you have questions about oral care during pregnancy you can visit your dentist. he or she will be happy to guide you. best wishes!
Tags: pregnancy, mouth
Question: what is the treatment for athlete's foot?
Answer: the treatment of athlete's foot can be divided into two parts. the first and most important part is to make the infected area less suitable for the athlete's foot fungus to grow. this means keeping the area clean and dry. buy shoes that are leather or another breathable material. shoe materials that don't breathe such as vinyl cause your feet to remain moist providing an excellent area for the fungus to breed. absorbent socks like cotton that wick water away from your feet may help. powders especially medicated powders (such as with miconazole or tolnaftate) can help keep your feet dry. finally your feet can be soaked in a drying solution of aluminum acetate (burow's solution or domeboro solution). a homemade remedy of dilute white vinegar soaks using one part vinegar and roughly four parts water once or twice a day as 10-minute foot soaks may aid in treatment. the second part of treatment is the use of antifungal creams and washes. many medications are available including miconazole econazole nitrate clotrimazole terbinafine sprays and creams ketoconazole shampoo and cream etc. ask your health care professional or pharmacist for a recommendation. treatment for athlete's foot should generally be continued for four weeks or at least one week after all of the skin symptoms have cleared. more advanced or resistant cases of athlete's foot may require a two- to three-week course of an oral (pill) antifungal like terbinafine itraconazole or fluconazole. laboratory blood tests to make sure there is no liver disease may be required before taking these pills. terbinafine: 250 mg once a day for two weeks itraconazole: 100 mg twice a day for two weeks fluconazole: 100 mg once weekly for two to three weeks topical corticosteroid creams can act as a fertilizer for fungus and may actually worsen fungal skin infections. these topical steroid medications have no role in treating athlete's foot. if the fungal infection has spread to the toenails the nails must also be treated to avoid re-infection of the feet. often the nails are initially ignored only to find the athlete's foot keeps recurring. it is important to treat all the visible fungus at the same time. effective nail fungus treatment may be more intensive and require prolonged courses (three to four months) of oral antifungal medications.
Tags: athlete's foot
Question: how can exercise affect my skin?
Answer: exercise boosts circulation and the delivery of nutrients to your skin helping to detoxify the body by removing toxins (poisons). as exercise boosts oxygen to the skin it also helps increase the natural production of collagen the connective tissue that plumps your skin. your skin color is also improved after exercise because of the increase in blood flow.
Tags: skin, exercise
Question: is it best to exercise first and then eat a full meal or eat a full meal first?
Answer: it’s often recommended to not have a full meal at least two hours before exercise though three to four hours is better. the reason for this is called blood shunting. to put it in simple terms blood shunting is a process where your body diverts more blood to certain areas that need it. we have a set amount of blood in our body but the amount that certain areas of your body receive can change at different times. the theory is that not eating close to when you exercise will allow for more blood to be delivered to your muscles instead of being partially diverted towards digestion. this will allow your body to work more efficiently during exercise to help you get the most out of it. you can eat something small right before exercise but be sure to not eat too much. if you’re exercising in the morning try to have something like a glass of juice a piece of fruit or a slice of toast before exercising so that you have some energy and aren’t exercising on a completely empty stomach. also there is the possibility that eating a heavy meal before exercise may cause you to feel uncomfortable while doing exercise or it may lead to cramps. check out this article for more formation.
Tags: exercise, meal
Question: what is aerobic exercise and what benefits does it offer?
Answer: aerobic or cardiovascular exercise includes physical activity that increases your heart rate and keeps it higher for a certain period of time. it boosts the amount of oxygen delivered to your heart and muscles so they use oxygen more efficiently and stay healthier. aerobic exercise keeps you super-fit -- and healthy. it helps you maintain a normal weight reduces your "love handles " and even eases stress so you smile more and complain less. studies show that increased stress hormones may be the cause of belly fat. and what's the best stress reliever? exercise! regular aerobic exercise also releases endorphins (happy hormones) brain chemicals that boost your mood naturally. aerobic exercise also reduces the risk of some types of cancer.
Tags: exercise
Question: what is aerobic exercise and what are its benefits?
Answer: aerobic or cardiovascular exercise includes physical activity that increases your heart rate and keeps it higher for a certain period of time. it boosts the amount of oxygen delivered to your heart and muscles so they use oxygen more efficiently and stay healthier. aerobic exercise keeps you super-fit -- and healthy. it helps you maintain a normal weight reduces your "love handles " and even eases stress so you smile more and complain less. studies show that increased stress hormones may be the cause of belly fat. and what's the best stress reliever? exercise! regular aerobic exercise also releases endorphins (happy hormones) brain chemicals that boost your mood naturally. aerobic exercise also reduces the risk of some types of cancer.
Tags: exercise
Question: what can happen if bacterial vaginosis is left untreated? . i've been told i have equivocal bacterial vaginosis for over a year. i've had an unusual discharge and a fishy smell from my vagina since then. can going untreated for this long lead to something more dangerous?
Answer: hi found this piece of info for you its lays out the problems of not getting it seen to. treatment of women with clinically equivocal bacterial vaginosis may increase the risks of preterm birth and low birth weight. the course of bacterial vaginosis varies and is poorly understood. without treatment symptoms may persist or resolve in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. recurrence after treatment occurs in about a third of women. a history of bacterial vaginosis is associated with increased rates of complications in pregnancy: low birth weight; preterm birth (pooled or from 10 cohort studies: 1. 8 95% ci 1. 5 to 2. 6); preterm labour; premature rupture of membranes; late miscarriage; chorioamnionitis; endometritis after normal delivery (8. 2% v 1. 5%; or 5. 6 95% ci 1. 8 to 17. 2); endometritis after caesarean section (55% v 17%; or 5. 8 95% ci 3. 0 to 10. 9); and surgery to the genital tract. women who have had a previous preterm delivery are especially at risk of complications in pregnancy with a sevenfold increased risk of preterm birth (24/428 [5. 6%] in all women v 10/24 [41. 7%] in women with a previous preterm birth). bacterial vaginosis can also increase the risk of hiv acquisition and transmission. now i normally tell women who get this to try sea salt you do this in warm water baths needs to be like the ocean in strength now that's one way. have you thought of going to an std/gum clinic for help the staff do know there job and not just for stds. do hope this helps. good luck
Tags: bacterial vaginosis, smell, vagina
Question: what are complications of bacterial vaginosis?
Answer: bacterial vaginosis can resolve completely without complications after treatment. no special follow-up is necessary if the symptoms disappear. in pregnancy bacterial vaginosis can cause premature labor premature birth infection of the amniotic fluid and infection of the uterus after delivery. however treatment of asymptomatic (not producing symptoms) bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy has not been shown to decrease the incidence of premature births in most studies. for these reasons screening and treatment for bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy is controversial and research is still being conducted to determine its utility and value. currently the routine screening of all pregnant women is not recommended. however screening and treatment of bacterial vaginosis is sometimes recommended for women with a history of a preterm birth.
Tags: bacterial vaginosis