TigerResearch/tigerbot-earning-plugin huggingface dataset:
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Interest expense of loans and accounts payable|142,176.50|77,737.82
 Interest revenue of deposits and receivables|-76,571,126.41|-32,337,493.71
 Interest expense of lease obligations|9,136,772.28|9,999,166.62
 Gain or loss on net foreign exchange|-34,786,425.70|9,569,135.05
 Handling fee and other financial expenses|4,655,315.42|6,209,153.06
 Total|-97,423,287.91|-6,482,301.16
41. Other incomes
Source of other revenues| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period| Amount included into non-recurring profit or loss of the current year
 Government subsidies concerning daily activities|235,160,623.11|201,942,112.00|198,065,639.28
 Withholding and paying tax expense and handling fee refund|1,534,189.23|922,468.37|1,534,189.23
 Total|236,694,812.34|202,864,580.37|199,599,828.51
Subsidy item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period| Related to assets/income
 Project subsidy|33,414,476.64|28,741,236.55| Related to benefits
 Government reward|164,637,740.59|152,331,864.95| Related to benefits
 Tax returns|37,108,405.88|20,869,010.50| Related to benefits
 Total|235,160,623.11|201,942,112.00|
42. Investment income
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Income from long-term equity investments under the equity method|-3,262,848.85|1,378,149.04
 Investment income from disposal of transactional financial assets|4,386,059.07|1,422,647.44
 Interest from term deposit|34,428,058.56|84,434,593.01
 Investment income of debt investment during the holding period|16,631,649.43|3,650,461.93
 Investment income from disposal of debt investments|1,864,109.59|
 Total|54,047,027.80|90,885,851.42
43. Gains from changes in fair value
Resource for gains from changes in fair value| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Transactional financial assets|1,382,527.79|312,742.31
 Total|1,382,527.79|312,742.31
44. Credit impairment loss
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Loss for bad debts of other receivables|-1,388,421.68|1,312,144.79
 Accounts receivable|35,810,880.38|-11,351,714.61
 Notes receivable||1,231,422.58
 Financial guarantee contract|96,856.52|-1,587,298.24
 Total|34,519,315.22|-10,395,445.48
45. Asset impairment loss
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 II. Loss on Inventory Depreciation and Impairment Loss of Contract Performance Cost|-11,352,717.26|-14,390,694.58
 Total|-11,352,717.26|-14,390,694.58
46. Assets disposal income
Source of assets disposal income| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Gains from disposal of fixed assets|-2,002,558.23|-953,474.88
 Proceeds from the disposal of the right-of-use assets|639,053.38|848,095.20
 Total|-1,363,504.85|-105,379.68
47. Non-operating incomes
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period| Amount included into non- recurring profit or loss of the current period
 Damage and scrapping gains of non- current assets|775,693.99|541,643.32|775,693.99
 Including: Gains from scrap of fixed assets|775,693.99|541,643.32|775,693.99
 Default fine revenue|11,310,799.88|2,180,618.19|11,310,799.88
 Reversion of estimated liabilities||6,000,000.00|
 Others|2,348,632.82|5,177,029.42|2,348,632.82
 Total|14,435,126.69|13,899,290.93|14,435,126.69
48. Non-operating expenses
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period| Amount included into non-recurring profit or loss of the current period
 Donation expenditures|2,663,130.43|2,855,363.00|2,663,130.43
 Damage and scrapping losses of non-current assets|601,296.71|5,604,319.83|601,296.71
 Including: Losses from scrapping of fixed assets|601,296.71|5,604,319.83|601,296.71
 Indemnity expenditure||2,000,000.00|
 Others|1,199,925.30|2,769,960.72|1,199,925.30
 Total|4,464,352.44|13,229,643.55|4,464,352.44
49. Income tax expenses
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Current period income tax expenses|468,983,078.04|494,712,607.62
 Deferred income tax expenses|10,050,086.32|-50,302,556.55
 Total|479,033,164.36|444,410,051.07
(2) Reconciliation of accounting profit to income tax expenses
Item| Amount incurred during this period
 Total profit|2,545,209,603.98
 Income tax expenses based on statutory/applicable tax rate|636,302,401.00
 Effect of different tax rate applicable to subsidiaries|-125,323,422.53
 Effect of prior income tax reconciliation|2,491,214.69
 Effect of non-taxable income|
 Effect of non-deductible costs, expenses and losses|14,344,165.13
Effect of use of the deductible losses of unconfirmed deferred income tax assets in the prior period|
 Effect of deductible temporary differences or deductible losses of unrecognized deferred income tax assets in the current period|2,701,349.79
 Deduction for the additional calculation of R&D expense|-38,560,250.65
 Effect of use of the deductible losses of unconfirmed deferred income tax assets in the prior period|-13,363,652.98
 Effect of tax rate variation on deferred income taxes balance at the beginning of the period|441,359.91
 Income tax expenses|479,033,164.36
50. Other comprehensive incomes
See Note 32 for details.
51. Cash flow statement items
(1) Other cash receipts related to operating activities
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Receipt of government subsidies|199,599,828.51|182,005,730.83
 Receipt of deposit, security and staff reserve fund loan|26,496,254.72|933,932.84
 Interest revenues|66,264,180.37|31,866,526.58
 Receipt of Deposit security for advance payment financing||6,000,000.00
 Others|4,311,161.59|9,093,457.04
 Total|296,671,425.19|229,899,647.29
(2) Other cash payments related to operating activities
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Cash payment for sales expense|1,594,110,566.41|960,641,231.27
 Cash payment for administrative expenses|95,471,984.49|111,700,135.05
 Cash payment for R&D expenses|203,782,142.17|251,058,723.03
 Donations payment|2,663,130.43|2,855,363.00
 Other payments|9,398,008.04|6,505,678.81
 Total|1,905,425,831.54|1,332,761,131.16
(3) Other cash receipts related to investing activities
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Recovery of financial products, and principal of term deposit|3,103,136,438.00|1,571,003,018.00
 Total|3,103,136,438.00|1,571,003,018.00
(4) Other cash payments related to investing activities
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Cash payment for financial products and term deposit|3,597,439,490.93|1,032,059,354.70
 Total|3,597,439,490.93|1,032,059,354.70
(5) Other cash receipts related to financing activities
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Receipt of equity incentive payment|2,463,000.00|
 Total|2,463,000.00|
(6) Other cash payments related to financing activities
Item| Amount incurred during this period| Amount incurred during prior period
 Repurchase of shares and handling fees|162,978,253.14|483,916,912.23
 Cash paid for repayment of lease obligation principal and interest|45,922,594.90|64,023,220.86
 Total|208,900,848.04|547,940,133.09
52. Supplement information to the cash flow statement
(1) Supplement information to the cash flow statement
Supplement information| Amount of this period| Amount of last period
1. Reconciliation of net profit to cash flow from operating activities||
 Net profit|2,066,176,439.62|1,941,371,527.89
 Plus: Impairment provision of assets|11,352,717.26|14,390,694.58
 Credit impairment loss|-34,519,315.22|10,395,445.48
 Depreciation of fixed assets, oil and gas assets, productive biological assets|128,264,310.47|128,827,418.00
 Depreciation of right-of-use assets|47,571,308.63|45,955,247.03
Amortization of intangible assets|23,555,707.71|21,778,005.36
 Amortization of long-term unamortized expenses||405,414.24
 Loss on disposal of fixed assets, intangible assets and other long-term assets ("-" for gains)|1,363,504.85|105,379.68
 Fixed assets retirement loss ("-" for gains)|-174,397.28|5,062,676.51
 Losses from changes in fair value ("-" for loss)|-1,382,527.79|-312,742.31
 Financial expenses ("-" for gains)|-12,246,928.46|15,229,621.08
 Investments losses ("-" for gains)|-53,905,404.54|-90,659,995.56
Decrease of deferred income tax assets ("-" for increase)|10,050,086.32|-48,995,306.55
 Increase of deferred income tax liabilities ("-" for decrease)||-1,307,250.00
 Decrease in inventories ("-" for increase)|590,241,481.65|-701,609,059.62
 Decrease in operating receivables ("-" for increase)|751,425,931.09|-202,060,314.99
 Increase in operating payables ("-" for decrease)|-319,790,108.30|1,036,624,574.61
 Others|-48,027,560.17|-125,319,766.74
 Net cash flows from operating activities|3,159,955,245.84|2,049,881,568.69
2. Significant investing and financing activities not related to cash receipts and payments||
 Conversion of debt into capital||
 Convertible bonds to be matured within one year||
 Fixed assets under financing lease||
3. Net changes in cash and cash equivalents:||
 Cash at the end of the period|2,395,932,752.38|2,443,731,679.06
 Minus: Cash at the beginning of the period|2,443,731,679.06|1,655,785,919.04
Plus: Cash equivalents at the end of the period||
 Minus: Cash equivalents at the beginning of the period||
 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents|-47,798,926.68|787,945,760.02
(2) Cash and cash equivalents
Item| Closing balance| Opening balance
 I. Cash|2,395,932,752.38|2,443,731,679.06
 Including: Cash on hand|56,591.47|71,122.80
 Cash in bank on demand for payment|2,361,573,752.74|2,420,300,342.03
 Other monetary capitals on demand for payment|34,302,408.17|23,360,214.23
 III. Balance of Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of the Period|2,395,932,752.38|2,443,731,679.06
53. Assets with title or use right restrictions
Item| Closing book value| Reasons for restrictions
 Monetary capital|58,000,000.00| Deposit security for advance payment financing
 Monetary capital|12,546,000.00| Frozen funds of term deposits pledged by issuing bank acceptance bills.
 Monetary capital|254,129,233.86| Bank acceptance bill security
 Monetary capital|975,570.02| Security and frozen funds of e-commerce platforms
 Monetary capital|8,541.04| Write off the frozen amount in the bank account of the branch
 Monetary capital|82,189.64| Frozen funds for the change of industrial and commercial legal person
 Total|325,741,534.56|
54. Foreign currency monetary items
Item| Closing balance in foreign currencies| Conversion rate| RMB equivalent
 Monetary capital|||
 Including: USD|48,944,996.32|6.9646|340,882,321.37
 EUR|29,814.66|7.4229|221,311.24
 GBP|30.07|8.3941|252.41
 VND|177,936,694,979.50|0.000295486|52,577,802.25
 SGD|83,483.09|5.1831|432,701.20
IDR|25,037,610,788.47|0.000445|11,141,736.80
 Accounts receivable|||
 Including: USD|28,426,382.90|6.9646|197,978,386.35
 EUR|1,023.22|7.4229|7,595.26
 VND|18,817,173,843.50|0.000295486|5,560,211.43
 IDR|1,781,095,028.00|0.000445|792,587.29
 Accounts payable|||
Including: USD|434,835.42|6.9646|3,028,454.77
 EUR|596.00|7.4229|4,424.05
 VND|45,157,684,069.59|0.000295486|13,343,463.43
 SGD|39,441.00|5.1831|204,426.65
 IDR|5,217,251,169.87|0.000445|2,321,676.77
VIII. Change on Merger Scope
1. Change on merger scope for other reasons
Description of the change on the merger scope for other reasons (such as newly established subsidiaries, and liquidation subsidiaries) and related conditions:
Supor cancelled Shanghai SEB Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd. (SSEAC) on August 17, 2022. SSEAC will no longer be included in the scope of balance sheet consolidation at the end of the year, and its profit statement and cash flow statement from the beginning of the year to the date of cancellation are included in the merger scope.
1. Equity in subsidiaries
Subsidiary name| Main operating place| Place of registration| Business nature| Shareholding ratio|| Acquisition method
|||| Direct| Indirect|
 Zhejiang Supor Electrical Appliances Manufacturing Co., Ltd [Note 1]| Hangzhou| Hangzhou| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Establishment
 Zhejiang Shaoxing Supor Domestic Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd [Note 1]| Shaoxing| Shaoxing| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Establishment
 Supor (Vietnam) Co., Ltd [Note 1]| Vietnam| Vietnam| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Establishment
 Wuhan Supor Recycling Co., Ltd [Note 1]| Wuhan| Wuhan| Commerce|100.00%|| Establishment
 Wuhan Supor Cookware Co., Ltd [Note 1][Note 2]| Wuhan| Wuhan| Manufacturing industry|25.00%|75.00%| Establishment
Hangzhou Omegna Commercial Trade Co., Ltd [Note 1]| Hangzhou| Hangzhou| Commerce|100.00%|| Establishment
 Shanghai Supor Cookware Marketing Co., Ltd [Note 1]| Shanghai| Shanghai| Commerce|100.00%|| Establishment
 Wuhan Supor Pressure Cooker Co., Ltd[Note 1]| Wuhan| Wuhan| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Enterprise merger under the same control
 Zhejiang Supor Plastic & Rubber Co., Ltd.[Note 1]| Yuhuan| Yuhuan| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Enterprise merger under the same control
 Yuhuan Supor Cookware Sales Co., Ltd[Note 1]| Yuhuan| Yuhuan| Commerce|100.00%|| Enterprise merger not under the same control
 SEADA [Note 1]| Singapore| Singapore| Commerce|51.00%|| Enterprise merger under the same control
 AFS Vietnam Management Co., Ltd. [Note 1] [Note 3]| Vietnam| Vietnam| Commerce||100.00%| Enterprise merger under the same control
Shanghai WMF Enterprise Development Co., Ltd [Note 1]| Shanghai| Shanghai| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Establishment
 Zhejiang WMF Housewares Co., Ltd[Note 1]| Yuhuan| Yuhuan| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Establishment
 Zhejiang Shaoxing Supor Household Products Co., Ltd. [Note 1]| Shaoxing| Shaoxing| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Establishment
 Zhejiang Supor Large Kitchen Appliance Co., Ltd. [Note 1]| Shaoxing| Shaoxing| Manufacturing industry|100.00%|| Establishment
 PT GROUPE SEB INDONESIA MSD[Note 4]| Indonesia| Indonesia| Commerce||66.67%| Establishment
 Zhejiang Supor Water Heater Co., Ltd[Note 1] [Note 5]| Shaoxing| Shaoxing| Manufacturing industry|52.00%|| Establishment
 Hainan Supor E-commerce Co., Ltd [Note1] [Note 6]| Hainan| Hainan| Commerce||100.00%| Establishment
Hainan Tefal Trading Co., Ltd. [Note 1][Note 6]| Hainan| Hainan| Commerce||100.00%| Establishment
Explanation on shareholding ratio in subsidiary different from voting ratio:
Note 1: The following are abbreviations: Zhejiang Supor Electrical, Shaoxing Supor, Supor Vietnam, Wuhan Recycling, Wuhan Supor Cookware, Omegna, Shanghai Marketing, Wuhan Supor Pressure Cooker, P&R Products, Wuhan Supor, Yuhuan Sales, SEADA, AFS, Shanghai WMF Enterprise Development, Zhejiang WMF Housewares, Shaoxing Supor Housewares, Zhejiang Supor LKA, Supor Water Heater, Hainan Supor E- commerce Company and Hainan Tefal Trading Company.
Note 2: The Company is subsidiary of Wuhan Supor Pressure Cooker Co., Ltd.; of which, Wuhan Supor Pressure Cooker Co., Ltd holds 75% shares and the Company holds 25% shares.
Note 3: The Company holds 51% equity of SEADA, and AFS is totally held by SEADA.
Note 4: PT GROUPE SEB INDONESIA MSD was established jointly by SEADA, a subsidiary of the Company and PT MULTIFORTUNA in Indonesia this year. SEADA holds 66.67% shares and PT MULTIFORTUNA holds 33.33% shares.
Note 5: Zhejiang Supor Water Heater Co., Ltd is jointly invested and established by the Company and Supor Group Co., Ltd. The Company holds52% of the shares, and Supor Group Co., Ltd holds 48% of the shares.
Note 6: Hainan Supor E-commerce Company and Hainan Tefal Trading Company are totally held by Zhejiang Supor Electrical. As of the disclosure date of this report, the original Hainan Supor Technology Co., Ltd. has changed its name to Hainan Tefal Trading Co., Ltd., and the above changes have been registered for industrial and commercial changes on July 26, 2022.
(2) Significant not wholly-owned subsidiaries
Subsidiary name| Holding proportion of non- controlling interest| Profit or loss attributable to non-controlling interest| Dividend declared to non- controlling interest| Balance of minority shareholders' equities at the end of the period
 SEADA|49.00%|-229,593.92||7,361,632.39
 AFS|49.00%|114,580.61||987.37
 Indonesian Company|33.33%|-2,186,293.24||1,416,039.47
 Supor Water Heater|48.00%|818,219.20||27,826,665.51
(3) Main financial information of significant not wholly-owned subsidiaries
| Closing balance|||||| Opening balance|||||
| Current assets| Non-current assets| Total assets| Current liabilities| Non-current liabilities| Total liabilities| Current assets| Non-current assets| Total assets| Current liabilities| Non-current liabilities| Total liabilities
 SEADA|3,763,157.1|13,869,963.2|17,633,120.3|14,241,765.9||14,241,765.9|2,201,136.5|7,691,059.6|9,892,196.16|7,407,010.2||7,407,010.2
 AFS|3,389,845.9|568,960.44|3,958,806.3|1,070,523.0|439,200.49|1,509,723.5|3,972,561.5|410,013.58|4,382,575.17|976,857.81|266,917.90|1,243,775.7
 Indonesian Company|19,265,234.1|4,387,418.2|23,652,652.4|3,939,053.8|487,307.49|4,426,361.3|16,835,657.3|3,754,654.5|20,590,311.89|5,525,709.4|487,900.80|6,013,610.2
Supor Water Heater|81,886,479.3|4,198,450.0|86,084,929.4|27,883,742.1||27,883,742.1|82,108,107.1|3,773,931.8|85,882,038.99|29,357,361.9||29,357,361.9
Subsidiary name| Amount incurred during this period|||| Amount incurred during prior period|||
| Operating income| Net profit| Total comprehensive income| Cash flows from operating activities| Operating income| Net profit| Total comprehensive income| Cash flows from operating activities
 SEADA|501,392.22|622,542.22|906,168.49|173,028.59|701,331.09|-11,140,228.84|-11,938,239.30|535,174.99
 AFS||233,837.98|380,224.13|985,465.73||189,744.25|30,242.34|104,366.81
 Indonesian Company|12,693,249.95|-3,312,565.51|-3,243,185.37|-625,541.56|15,751,790.01|-3,680,740.39|-3,436,395.54|-7,578,451.25
 Supor Water Heater|73,168,043.93|1,676,510.20|1,676,510.20|-1,453,649.47|81,685,332.63|-177,202.91|-177,202.91|-937,523.81
2. Equity in joint venture or associated enterprises
Name of joint venture or associated enterprise| Main operating place| Place of registration| Business nature| Shareholding ratio|| Accounting method for the investment in joint venture or associated enterprises
|||| Direct| Indirect|
 Wuhan Anzai Cookware Co., Ltd.| Wuhan| Wuhan| Manufacturing industry|30.00%|| Equity method
(2) Main financial information of significant associated enterprise
| Closing balance/amount incurred during this period| Opening balance/Amount incurred during prior period
||
 Current assets|127,719,328.09|146,447,108.80
 Non-current assets|41,540,448.40|46,881,291.93
 Total assets|169,259,776.49|193,328,400.73
 Current liabilities|36,684,125.15|49,304,509.03
 Non-current liabilities|540,000.00|640,000.00
Total liabilities|37,224,125.15|49,944,509.03
 Shareholders' equities attributable to the parent company|132,035,651.34|143,383,891.70
 Proportionate share in net assets|39,610,695.40|43,015,167.51
--Goodwill|22,585,444.13|22,585,444.13
 Book value of investments in associated enterprises|62,196,139.53|65,600,611.64
 Operating income|212,124,918.12|267,794,993.46
 Net profit|-11,348,240.36|3,840,977.30
Total comprehensive income|-11,348,240.36|3,840,977.30
X. Risks related to financial instruments
(I) Risk management objectives and policies
The Group aims to seek the appropriate balance between the risks and benefits from its use of financial instruments and to minimize the adverse effects of risks on the Group's financial performance. Based on such objectives, the Group's risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Group, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits.
(1) Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk is the risk that the Company may encounter fluctuation in fair value of financial instruments or future cash flows due to changes in exchange rate. The Group's foreign currency risk relates mainly to foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities of the Group. When short-term imbalance occurred to foreign currency assets and liabilities, the Group may conduct foreign exchange hedge or trade foreign currency at market exchange rate when necessary, in order to maintain the net risk exposure within an acceptable level.
Please refer to notes to others - foreign currency monetary items for details in foreign currency financial assets and liabilities at the end of the year of the Group.
Sensitivity analysis:
Assuming that other risk variables other than the exchange rate remain unchanged, the increase in shareholders' equities and net profits due to the 1% appreciation of RMB due to the change in exchange rate of RMB against all foreign currencies as at 31 December of the Group will be as follows. This influence is translated into RMB at the spot rate on the balance sheet date.
| Shareholders' equities| Net profit
 December 31, 2022||
 USD|3,877,846.10|3,877,846.10
 EUR|1,792.50|1,792.50
 GBP|2.15|2.15
 VND|358,356.14|358,356.14
 SGD|1,893.94|1,893.94
IDR|74,978.65|74,978.65
 Total|4,314,869.48|4,314,869.48
 December 31, 2021||
 USD|3,757,640.60|3,757,640.60
 EUR|395.31|395.31
 GBP|2.17|2.17
 VND|-93,874.85|-93,874.85
SGD|-1,854.16|-1,854.16
 IDR|49,730.04|49,730.04
 Total|3,712,039.11|3,712,039.11
(2) Interest risk - risk for cash flow changes
Interest risk is the risk that the Company may encounter fluctuation in fair value of financial instruments or future cash flows due to market rate. As of December 31, 2022, balance of borrowings is zero, the Group's gross profits and shareholders' equities will not be significantly affected by interest risk.
2. Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. The monetary capital of the Group other than cash is mainly deposited in creditworthy financial institutions, and the entrusted financial products are issued by creditworthy financial institutions. The management considers that there is not any significant credit risk and it is not expected to create losses to the Group as a result of default by the counterparty.
The exposure of the maximum credit risk assumed by the Group is the book value of each financial asset in the balance sheet (including derivative financial instruments). Except for the financial guarantee provided by the Group in Note 14, the Group has not provided any other guarantee that may expose the Group to credit risk. The exposure of the maximum credit risk assumed by the above financial guarantees on the balance sheet date has been disclosed in Note 14.
The Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to receivables. In order to control such risks, the Company has taken the following measures:
(1) Receivables financing and notes receivable
Receivables financing and notes receivable of the Group is mainly bank acceptance bill receivable. The Group conducts ongoing monitoring on receivables, to avoid significant risks in bad debts.
(2) Accounts receivable
The Group only conducts business with credible and well-reputed third parties. According to the Group's policies, credit evaluations are performed on all customers to determine the credit limit and terms applicable to the customers. In addition, the Group conducts ongoing monitoring on accounts receivable, to avoid significant risks in bad debts.
(i) Continue to strengthen risk awareness, strengthen risk management of accounts receivable, and strengthen internal control of customer credit policy management. Customer credit policy adjustments are required to pass the necessary approval procedures.
(ii) Keep detailed business records and accounting work. And use the records as important reference for future credit rating. Keep real time updating on customers' information and learn their latest credit situation, in order to make suitable credit policies.