[PAGE 1]
TO: Security Officer

VIA: Deputy Security Officer

FROH: Chief, Technical Reseorch Staff

SURJECT: Artichoke Cases, June 1952

1. Petween Wednesday, b June 1952, and Tuesday, 18 Juae lo52.. the IkSO Artichoke Team conducted special interrogations near on two operational cases. In thn opinion of all tsam members, case officers and others directly or indirectly involved, the ártichoke opsrations were entirely successful. Details follow.

3. The Artichokn Team, during its stay Acnade several ro- 1 quests for all available cases that would benefit by Artichoke treatment. However, only two subjects, hereafter referred to as Case #l and Case f? wers subaittod and processed by the Artichoke techniqueCase 1 was and who had riven ur lield officers a number of conflicting.storiescon cerning his hackeround, activities, and his work Case 2 was over to our overseas olficers through ther Neither of the above suhjocts spoke English. The first individvar WAS somewhat of a low-type intellectual, while the latter individual was considorably more intellirent. and apparently had a more important intellicenco rackground. Poth were considcred professioral arenl types and both werc suspected of, possihlc connections with

h. Prior to denarture of ihe Arlichoke Tean from the Ulniied laios and in vicw of lhe otlremety sceret, nature of Lho Ariichokn. work. Ltasrae provide certain security measures in connection witli the operation of the

"A/B, 2, 24/3

[PAGE 2]
Artichoke techniques. In general. it. may he said thal, owing Lo the con-Linucus eflorts of neand the suppnrt Eiven him bys lthe security protlems involved wcre handled most effectively.Detaiis follow.

5. Pecause of the nature of the Artichoke work invoiving the uso of chomicals, hypnosis, extremely complicated technical equipment., and tecause toth suhjects to te examined were individuals who could wsll be regarded as desperate (possitle suicides), the security problem was very complex. In this connection, the Artichoke Team had requested an adequate safe houso. Thrcugh the efforts of sresd the Artichoke work was nerforned at. a safe house vinrDa

The house itself is quitc larre wiih adequate rocns for Artichoke operations and a very capable, thourh small, household staff to provide necessary meals and service for the guards, subjects, and the Ariichoke Team as requireti. Two sets of guards wore furnished, both-esrzadil! 2-hour basis. Stationed outside of the hcuse wa-

copw iney were regularly relleved and ooerated cs They ate sonc moals at the house hut slent. and were Tod ai sa rule. Inside of the house and in plain clothes was another r,also maintained on a 2h-hour basis, which uarded the roon f"the suhject and covcred all of his movemnent.s such as fating, soing to the toilet, washing, etc. at ali times. These mards were armot but the weapons they carried wore concealed. They slept, ate, and lived in the house.' Their ruard was posted, in general, at. the head of the stairs to the second flonr, immodiately outside of the room in which the subject was confined. The suhject's door was kent open at. ail times for observat.ien purcdses-except when specifically ordered closrd. The subject.'s room was barren except for basic essentials -- bed, chair, ete. -- io provent possible suicidc. The only window was heaviiy screened. The subjoct was , always ohserved while eatine, washing, or tending to hodily functions, etc. This zuard detail wasaiso arranged bt and ocerated directly under the control of memboraof slaff. As stated above, these individunls also wnrg -hut, at all times, te- E mained in civilian clothes.

6. In addilion to tho security measures invoiving, fuards, the Arti-•choke Team had the.responsibility of a considerable amount of valurhic tochnical equipment and medical supplias that were used in the 1rtichoke cperations. To control this properly, separate rooms were established for

[PAGE 3]
the tcchnical werk (rccorling operations) and all techrical uquinmenl., with crrthin exceptions, was kent under lock and key in this room. Ini: room was continually under obscrvation by the internal Fuards who wore stationed anproximately fifteen feet from the door of the room. There were no other inside cntrances to the room. In addition, sono of the mcdical sunplies unod wero kept. in the room assigned to the membors of the Artichoke Team and were held there overnight during the times that some of the Artichoke loam memhers spent on the premises.

7. Anothcr problem of a security nature was the fact that everything nossihle was done to prevent the subjects from learning the identity or names of individuals concerned in the Artichoke operations or, insofar as possibin, preventing the subjects from seeine any individuals except those who had to dcal personally and openly with the cases. This was handled by prior agreomenl. among team members that no identifying namos were to be riven to any team members and that in addressine ono another within the possitle hearing; of the subjects or certainly in front of tho suhjects, false names wers conlinually used. Toam memters whose duty did not require them to be present hofore the subjects did avorythine in their power to keep the subjects from seoing them as they moved about the premises or engaged in. the Artichoks operations.

8. Among the important security problems, which will be discussed in detnil later and which are mentioned only bricfly now fora nttor of record, were the probioms of disposal of thc suhjocts after Artichoke trnatment and the important qucstions as to whether or nol mmoosins had tecn chtained.lp connection with Case #l, in Ihe profossional oninion of Sermsetand as far as the writer is able to dotorin?, a Lotal annesia was produced. Disposal of Cass #l (which was not a prchlen of the Artichoko、 Tean) was apparently to te handiled as [ollowz: Since the Artichoke technique had shown that, from an ooerational point of view the subject had no Curlher xalue to the Agency, the suhjtet was to te roturned F reeeand aftar a poriod of tina, removed fron solitary and cradually pemilted to mincle with larger and larger prison erouns. Ultimately, and after a considerable lapso of tinc (perhans as much as Lao years), the subject wouid bo reloased. The ArtichokeTena recomnended sone obsorvation in this case with a later recheck on the、amnesia,. if possible.

9. In Case f2 on Lhe first test, an almost Lotalamnosia vas reacheii wilh the exception of ihe last ,ten or twel riputes of interroration undinr Lhe hyrnotic.tochnique. In the opinion orces and as far as the wriicr was ablc to determine, a total amesia was producnd at the 'end of the tert on Lhe second day afler the Artichoke treatment of sodium pentothal and Desoxyn (full medication without hypnosis).

10. Again in sofar as the disposal of Case /2 was concerned (which was not a problem of the Artichoke Team), dispositinn was apparentiy to be made as follows: It had been decided that- the subject would be moved

3

[PAGE 4]
as a prisoner to sone place inrsts any possihls usefulness to anyone had comuletely dismpeared.

1l. As noted abow, both of the subjectswer ecespeaking onty and ncither subject had any working knowledre of the English languare. This, of course, involved the use of an interpretor and, in both cases, methe cass officer involved in Case fl, acted as a goneral intorpretor ande aacted as Lhe specific intornretor in the apnlication of the hypnotic technique (under the dircct puidanen of  in hypnotic maltons) and alsn acted as gencrai interpretor in both cases.

12. Concerning tho special technical problems involved, ths probloms were sinilar to those encounterod on other trips of Artichoke tcams. In the first place, the field offices are not fully equippel technically. opinien of the writer ani kwcer wno handles the technical matters They aro lacking in both quality and quantity of equiunent and, in the A for the Artichoke Team, the men using the tcchnical eguipment are not gonerally trained in technical problems. ln those cases, Lo enarle the Artichoke tean to secure adequate records and full coverare, the Artichoke Team sont via air freizht sufficient technical apparatus to handle this oneration, but owing to the unfortunate circumstances of Lh? oil strike covpled with aoparently slos administrative handling of the crates carrying the Artichoke tochnical equipment, this equioment. did not. arrive until the Team was onerating on the second coso. F egek mice the technical prohlcns difficult. in this connection. used every conccivahle suhstitute and device hc could arrange and was able to mainlain good tane rocordings throughout the entire two cisos with the excention of one hor during which there eor mattor of record, it shond ce noted, and lhis will he covered in dotail in the fuli technical roport, the tochnical arranrements for securing a tape of all that was said and for furnishine an intercom system tetween team rerbers and the suhject were qtito conplex, particulsrly so on tho second day of the secontscase. in paneral, and for this record, it shculd le noted that., at all times, thre? or foir microphones were recordinc Lho interrorition and at least onc diroct intercom was in operation by the conccaled memhers of the Artichoke leam and mombors working in the prosoncn of the surjects.

[PAGE 5]
Th.Pefore berinning the actual casos, the irtichoke Tean and the case officors and cenerally samot and discussnd in detail the ramifications of Lhe case; the oroblens involved; and Lhs snecific ansyers or information desired from the subjects. After it had been thoroughly worked out and all. hands were cognizant, the Artichoke Tenm memhers then dsvised a plausible, realistic and intelligent cover for the Artichoke operation. In hoth cases, it yas agreed that a medical-typo cover was valuable and, as surzested  an ideal screen would be to tell the subjects that bolore any furtner uso could he made of them, it would te necessary for us to give them, before reassessment, a compinte physical and psychiatric examination, since obviously they (the sutjects) could not be rosattled anywhere in tho world withoul, physical examinations and if we were to use them again we would have to make this reassnssment to determine how hest they could ho naod. To carry this oit, it was proposed and all hands agreed that the. first aprronch would te made on the basis of a complete nhysical examination of the sujorts nlus a complete psychiatric exanination wnich would have the foljowing, extremely valuable effocts:

1. It would give all the Team members an irea of the physical canacity of the subjects.

2. It. would give all hands a psycholorical study of the individuals which would he extremoly useful in interrogation.

3. It would provid? a basis for the doctors who would Five Ihe cxaninations to reach a ranport with the surjects, which of courss would help Artichoke opcrations.

l. It wruld rive the doctors an opportunity to gain the suhjects' confidence and hence provide a oerfect cover for the intravenous use ol Artichoke chemicals.

15. llavine agreed on Lhis cover, it was Lhnn determined that th? trtichokn Team in these cases sould use two spocific approachns toward gaining controlof the subjects. The first would be ty the use of a very small dosage of chenicnls (sodium pentothal) coupled at almost. th? exact same time with an attempt to gain hypnotic control ol Lhe inlividual and using the very lirht action of the small dose of the drur as a "starter" for the hypnotis tochnique. The second approach, in the evont the first failed or was only partially succossful, would be by usine more or leas tho sane screnn andimaking a direct chemical attack on the individunl usini: sufficient chemical dosaces with noccssary stimulants to placr the jndividual in tho ao-called "Lwilirht zone" where uninhihitod convoreaLion wonld follow mor? casily. This techniune waa agreer upon by atl hands.

.5.

[PAGE 6]
16. In addilion, the professional acrcarance of all individuals was conaidored, micronhones concealed, cover stories were carafully worked out, even the physical posilion of the individuals involved, Lhe lighting of the rooms,and noise eloments were considored refore Lhe actual oporations hegan. To surplement all this, a nlausible story was develoned to explain to the subject why ho was taken from solitary confinement and brought to the presont place, what was expected of him in very general terms, and the idea was conveyed to him that this was a routine procodure that was generally used beforc individuals were reassigned or relocated.

17. In addition, it should be noted that case histories and backgrounds of hoth subjects had been very carefully studied by all hands prior to this. Furthermore, in each case, the case officors trreo atr had fully briofed all hands on these cases including questionable material, gaps in the récords, details, etc. Case officers had also becn questionod about the cases, their histories, opinions, ideas, elc. of value in attacking each case. And finally, full sets ol questions for use when the actual Artichoke onerations got under way had been drawn up and studied by all hands as a basis for the work and a chart to assist in the resolution of the cases.

18. For matter of rocordand tarepeat. it should re noted that Lhese B/3 individuals had been kont ie with the past several nonths spent in solitary conlinement and botn nad teen, in the past, intonsivoly interrogated prior to application of the Artichoke technique. The subjects wore trought fron the stockade Lo the operations area in inconspicions automcbiles, well guarded and, in cach case, lhe suhjects were trouent there with their eyes taped shut and wearint dark alasses to prevent any undue curiosity on the part of outside individuals as tho car passed throurh towns and small villages enrouto. (Sec details under cases.)

[PAGE 7]
1. As mentioned ahove, Case /l was an individual botween thirty and forly vears of are, in rood health, and a fairly rotust chysical type. e

Suhject, in connection witheegvis anc in connection with his background, had riven nuerort-tonflicting stories, was generally regarded as irresponsitle anl uurrJiallc, and it was decidcd to.apply the Artichoke tochnire to hin to enablc the case officprs handling the subjsct to make a final ,asrnrsr nt. as to whelher or not he had any value to Acency oneraliona ani in aurrrtain if nccsible, to what extent 0 ue Surject, spoke hasicallv 9hut snoke and allegedly had sone knodlrh Pricrto anparcntiv had no knevledee of the Inclish lauruiro whatcoever. the annlication of the Artichoke lechnicue, the sut cct had tce He was rezarded hy case officors as a very tough, irresponsille individual, capatle of wild, unpremcditated activity and entiraly capatle of suicide. lie was kncwn to he, if not a drunkard, an individual who vory much liked to drink and get drunk and hal an excneding fondness for women and was given to hrageing ahout his numerous couquests.

On Saturdav, 6 June 1952, the subject was nicked up r aand sevral ruards, his eyes wern tapec and
he was given darkrlasses to prevent any suspicions on tho part, of the
loèal population in the smalletounsbe would he driven throush and was
driven to the safe heuse buaeecete and the muards in an inconsoicious
black sedan. The party arrived about midday, Saturday, 6 dune 175?, and.
after an hoyr pr thercatouts to cive the sub joct: a chanco to sotilo down
andater
Mtric Tests the täam. had acrced on as sound cover for Lhese cneration.
Thet tests, which included the taking of tlood and urine, lhited a con
sidrrarle length of time, actuaily including two long scssions of sovern!
hours cach and consumed most of the remainder of the day frrgacted as interprotor during these medical-psychiatric scssions.

1

CAEE/1

[PAGE 8]
3- Cn Sunday, 7 Juge 1952, in the mornins and i: 1h? early fternoon, eappe contimed the physinal and peychialric oxari nations ans Cincluded a complote Rorachach test. at this time. In addition,E Ae who had beon thorouchly briefed n the case her sae, kassintroduced to the subject aser wore ther eecakand wor?a listeninfdnvice in one car wnich was to beslater used in Ihe intercom.svstenwhen of course, introduced uncer a fictitious name.as a doctor, wäs another consultant and it, was afreed that certain nedical injections wcre neded in the case to trine th suhject's health up to nornal. Su'-ject, anrarontly at. all times was acreeable to all typos of testing and m-onoraled villinriy ith the doctors. It was obvious at. this point. that the a had succeeded in faining tho subject's confidonce anu respect and establishing a remarkable screen for the Artichoke work.

1. At 6:30 FH, Sundav, 7 June 1952 (before rlinner). the leam,
havirg, aeroed ca ar dry"
hypnosisen
directed this. operation by observing, the Subject, through an cponirg in sne
of the doors to the room and having direct corunication wit. spcakir
wraseee carried out tha role of hyonotist an a deen hypnotic trancs was cbtained in ahout. twonty mimutes. It should ta explaincd (sze
medical renort) that. immediately prior to the induction of hypnosis eser ers bsgm injcctine in an arm vein of the surject a very Licht dosa ef sccium pentothal in sterilized waterrThe hypnosis was Ihen ccupled to the nffecis of sodiun pentothai hrurrss and after approximately 5 Co of the solution had hecn induced into Uhe subjrct's veins, the rost of th? inductien was carried out rty hypnosis alone. As mentiened tefcrs, Uhis was a "dry" run and by pravions acreement., no pertinent questiens were asked and only tests were nade to detarmine whether hypnosis had teon obcained and to what denth tho subjnct, had reen driven. The results of the "dry" run wory entirely successful. The medical handling was pertect and the hynnotic results wer exccllent in that a deen Lrancs sLale was reached after about twenty mimutes of irduction. Several stondard hynnotic tests were hade during the time the subject was under Lhe effects of hynnesis, to deterine the denth of 1he trance and all of thcse tests provçl succezsfu1 drepy les droo, spcech test, ele.). The suhject war awaknneil hy t.en fivcn roearding the production of a quick trance stale when called upon on the followinr day.  This particuiar "dry" run lasted appreyimalely one heur froa jhoīt6:30 FH to 7:30 FM.

5 0n londay, 8June 1952 r conl.imed the medical testing during the day andat anproximately 7:00) pli, the second test with actual interrogation was begun. (Gn this lest, an even

.2.

[PAGE 9]
2 parlial or frarmentary amnesia for Lhe last. fifteen to twonty minutes ef tho test. Fortunaloly, the most, portinont questions had all born asked durirr the firsl hour and sutject's partial knosledgn of later quoations was not. rogarded as jrportanl. ahilc it. is difficult, to aecuratoiy stat why the suhject, awakoned near the conclusion of the intcrroration, it was thoprofessional opinion agreed ine a that:

A. An hypnotic trance as a basis for interrpralion should nol excoed one hour -- beyend that, the subjeet hás a  tondency lo awaken in spite of continucus and skillful reinforcement or the hypnotic suggestions.

F. Any question may be dangerous to ask and if tho question is not. properly pirased or is personally ropugnant to the subjoct, the surjecl, may awakon or fail to respond.

C. Depth of an hypnotic trance gradually lessens as tims cons on and when the subject is constantly heing, quostionod -- no matter how skillfully -- full control cannot always ro maintained.

Subject at this point was fully awakened by usinga standard, slow hypnotic swakening procedure.

lh. "ollowing conclusion of this test, a genoral confarence was held by all honds to discuss results of this test and whether or not adilitional information from this subject. would be desiratle. Aftnr a discussion, it was dncired that on the following day, another Artichoke technique would he applied to the subject and additional information would be sought along lines that would te of additional value toreoszessed, the case A officer. It. was also decided that the test wouid he'mhde holding the combined medical-hypnotic auproach as used in the first, case in reservc and attacking, the sutject on this test with full meriicalion.

15. 0n Monday, 16 ,iune 1952, at approximately 11:30 AN, the subject was prepared for. acotber full tesi. At this lime, there were presont in the Too: 6E22and milteda wztt to he in a position to communicate with the internrctors and at the same time hear the results of the intorroration as it went along. No hypnotie approach was made during this tosl.

16. At approximately12:00 noome egan the adainistration of heavy dosages of sodium pentothal intrishoisly and shortly Lheraafler the subjieet, beean to react Lo the drigs. After a slate afdravsinrs had heran? physical stimulation of the subject in order to place the subject in a

[PAGE 10]
soealledtwiliglit stale" which is the bost conditien for intorroration. Thii physical stimilation consisted of shakine the suhjuet, putting pressure on certain nerves, and sharply slapping the subject's fent. Thorcafinr, from aboit 12:15 Loel2 hs Hl, some interrogation wes carried on.

and during this period the interrogation was not taken on recording tapes.)

17. At approximalely l:00 PH, it was decided by-thetmto begin injection of a stinulant to seo if a more expansiverialetive reaction could ro obtained from the subject. Accordinglyip esan a carefully controlled injcction through tho intravonous anparatus af dosages of Pesoxyn (d-desoxynephedrinc hydrochlorido -- stimulant anich nroduces elevation of mood, talkalivcness, etc.). After a siort, period of timy, this combination teran to have a hizhly successful cffect. Tho suhinct began to he morc talkative, more tlramatic, anl aoparently a great doal less inhibitod than previously. The drugs produced, during this period, in addition to a rreat, deal of. talk, a remarkablo roeronsion and during this rerression the sutject actually relived certain nast activitics of his life, sojne datins tack fifteen years, whila in adiition, the subject totally accented, (who was actine as one of tho interpretors at this tine) as an old tristed. beloved personal friend whon Ihe subject had kuown in years past po This rogrension. at times, hecame extremely vivid and produced dramatic feclines and atalcmonts on the part of the subioct to such an extent thal. he insisted fron time to tim unon kissingtowrx whom he continucusly caliod hy the name of his old Tricnd and"former associate.

18. The total timc consumed (arout two and one-half hours) under the influence of the chemicals counting Crom the starting time of the injection. was from auproximately 12:00 noon until about 2:38 Fil, whon Uho subject wa3 romovod to his own adjoining bedroom. The tetal cffective interroration time d:rinp this period (including the regrcssion) was from ahout l2:15 li unti1 2:10 Pil.

19. .Tho timc fron 2:10 PM to 2:38 FH was conzuned ty the subjeet pirtiafly recovering [rom Lhe effects of the dosares of thc drugs. Durine this pericd, Iho suhject was groggy, somewhat naudeatod, was primarily in a somi-conscious slate and was, for a considcrahle neriod of time, anrnsponsive to muscular co-ordination tests. when tho suèject was rumovod from the onerations room to his own bedroom at 2:3? Pii, ho roquirod assistancc anl was starcorinr on his feet and after brinc placed in his bed he passefinte a sleep which lasted for soveral hours.

2o thortty aftr the conelusion of tàis lait. toat, a reneral con: feronce was held by àll handa butween 3:ou and h:oo l anri il was deeided .that on the basis of the materiall obtained, the Artichoke work would he

A

B/3

[PAGE 11]
considored as completed. Statod Lhit he had obtained aaple informition to continue the work on the ca:e airi he fclt. that he might possitly in the future, on the hasis of the new information doveloped, run Lhe subject arain on the polygraph on the nos material and the new descrenancies that had appeared as a result of Lho Arlichoke trcatnent. r emphatically expressed himself that, on the hasis of the material uncovered, the suhjsct was totally unreliable and in the future his disrosition wonld have to to a controlled matter, which stated had heen acreed unon previously.

rpet. The tane recordines werc turned over to the case officers involved to enahle lhem lo stutly them and draft from the recordines ail notes, comronts, etc. which thoy necder to conplete their work, Ihshould again te noted that the rosponses of lhe subjects are, of course,tend have not to dato boen interproted or transcribed in Fnglish to enable the Artichoke Team to study the rosults of the annlication.ef the techniquos. As far as is known, the tapes are being held anes erand will be, aftor full use had teen made of then in. Lhe area, Feruarded to vashington, D.C., It i: holieved that Nill handle this mattor as soon as possible, although to Uhte we have received no report in this connection.

22. The Artichoke Team, while entirely certain that results were conclusive and although fhe case officers saxoressed thomselves as completoly satisfied, feels that final and critical comments shouid be withhold untii transcripts of the tapes can be made and a. mothodical. and careful snalysis is developed of the tapes and cross-checked against, the case files in each case.

FA

[PAGE 12]
CONCLSIONS

Iu the cninion of the Arlichoke Team mentora, Uhe succossful arplica-1.ion, Soof a comhined hypnotic-chemical anoreach indicaten that those thcnniques worked in combination have a very hizh potential as an intclligence weapon.

The Arlichoke Toan foels that since these Lechniques have only boen uscd in a limited sense, it would be wrong to make cxtansive claims "or the efficacy of th technimes, but. it does appear to be clcarly established that these techniques,when proporly applicd and given a careful cover screen, should be.generaily highly cflective.

The Team mombors foel that the most. importunt alem-nt thal is necessary to porfect thess techuiques is the application of Lhe techniquos to a great mumber of cases. The Team members also fcel that il work can be done in many cases, it will be possible to refino the tcchniqucs, make the rosults more certain, reduce the time requirements for tho adninistration of the techniques, and settle more specifically on the iechnical details involved. Additional cases will also give the Artichcke Tean a chance to test now chemicals, now combinations, and now idnas in b:oth the psychological and hypnotic fislds.

It is the general conclusion of the Team membors Lhat the Artichoke technique is financially worthwhile and that in viow of tho small success to dale, additionai funds can he given to this project. with lhe strong assurance that the money will not be wasted.

RF.CONNENDATIONS

l. At tho prsssnt time, there is an ahsencs of tochnicnl equinment both in quanbity and quality in tho field stations and il should bo a rule of the Artichoke Tean when traveling to take with thom or shin to tho poiht at. which the Artichoke work is to he don?, all Lhn neressary technical cquipmrent roquired. This equipment, upen complelion of the Artichoke wurk,"should be turned over to the field staticns for their later use.

2. Insofar as possible; technical equinmont Lo te used in the Artichoke work orifor Uhat matter in techuical work ovorsens should be modified in tho Onited titiles to suit oversens conditions before it. is shipnod. future plans of the lechnical Research Staff includos development of Uhiis évpe af cquipment.•

3. If the Artichoke work is to be expanded, it is ossential ihat interrogators bo found who have wide language ability. If

[PAGE 13]
individuils are to tc trained to assist. in the àriichoke werk, a nroceronce should be given to those individuals havinr a fluent knowlodo of languages.

The dewlopment of a medical-osychiatric covor as carriel out by tt  the inslant cperation is rorarded hy Lhe Team as cxcellent cover. Anye  ess working in the field aith the Artichoke Teamif atallepossible, should have the honsfit of consnltation with

5. Since electrical power at.best is an uncerlain quantity, the development of ncchanically powered and battery-operated recording equipmont should be pressed. The Technical Rescarch Staff is at present working on this type of equipment and will, as soon as it has rsachod the operational. slare, meke rccommendations that this tyno of equirment. ho forwarded to the various ]. lt. is oarticularly essential that, this typs of cquipment be held in readines: es a standty in the event of nower failures.

6. It is urrently rocommonded that, in the future, as Arlichoke operations are centenplated (perticularly on a lorger scale), the technical cquinmont with the Artichoke technician and a desirn-ted I&CO Stafr Officer l:e ssnl. to the oreration area in advincs t lay on technical and administrative details that, are essential prior to the departure of tho Artichoke Team. In larger operatinns, that woulri be a tromendous factor in incrensing the technical and operating efficioncy of thc Artichoke work.

COHHENTS

1. The Artichoke Team felt that the socurity handline of ihi? ororation was nxcellcnt. The security arranrements, which were hndleri ty the office io Exere under the personal drcction of and wcre outstandinc in every respect. Crrdit is also'duc t who in addition lo handling ths security prorlons, covored nost of the administrative detaiis and the personal detaiis involved in this operation.

2. The case officors who cnacted the difficuli. rolé of interprater-hyonotisb. carried out their work in an unusuilly intelligent and co-operative mimner.

3. The mediear-psyehiatric workc Ehuich ans sa vital Lo lhs oocration, ithout their-highly competont assistance, the àrtichoke work would have bucn extremely difficult, if not impossible.

A

-2

[PAGE 14]
hi The technical arrangemonls, which aore very cemplex ary! inc luded miltinlo interconnunication systems, gcre baudled in a hichlv officiont, manner by gr. oftne work again dcmonstrates that all operitions of this b require- the hichest tochnical skill with particularly the ghility to improvise as an absoluto essential.

5. without in any sonse heing critical, two corrents are harowith added for consideration in future operations:

A. Long experience and censtant practice are cssontial elomonts in the makeup of an interrogator workinz with lhe Artichoke tcchniques. This, of course, implies fluent. knovledge of Ihe nitive langunge of the sutject. Sharp, intelligent, and sound intorrogation tochnioues are vital in Artichoke opcrations.

R. If at all nossihle in Future operations, the safe houso for the operatinn shonld be closer to the headqurrters than in the operation just concluded. The writor, of course, recognizes that this is a difficult security proliem, but as a ncans of increased sfficiency, spced, etc., safe houses neor hondquarters are most desirablo. In this connection, the writer wishes to make one observation which conceivatly would te of value in thcse operations ani that is that the ovorsans officies of the Aroney shoild have as a standard piees of equiiment a windowloss ambulance or delivery truck or inconspi::ious closed motor vohicle of somo type wherein the suhject coutld be transported without the inhorent danger of observation sither fron Lho outsire or by subjects Chemselves. Furtherrore, il, is telioved this would alininate some of the probloms of the puards in tho handlinz of th? subjects.

3.