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Acting Deputy for Seourity

Security Control Staff

Use of Special Interrogation Teohniques by Forei Countries

was intorviovod June 19, 1948 at Countor-Intelligence Corps'Center, Baltimoro, laryland. o was able to contribute valuablc bits of information coneerning the use of specinl intorrogation tochniques by foroign countrios.

This desk handled any case involving activity other than that instigated by tho Germans thomsolves. This desk handled all Communist inspired aotivities. roceived,much of his information on German interrogation teohniques from a Gorman citizen H.B. and former lst Lieutenant in the German Intelligenoe Servioe. stationed ab in ohargo of the interrogation of Anerican airmen. Ho was intorrogated by periodically for a three-month period. This interrogation report is looatod at Frankfort.

know of no instances where a lle deteotor was utilized as a part of interrogation teohnique by the British, Germans, French or Rus sians.

22 Juno 1948

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Soientific prcssuro mathods, according to,were used most skillfully by the Fronoh. This use was on a hirhly seiantific and peychological plane and was utilized to beet avail by SLAy of the French Hilitary Sorvicos. The Franch playod on the emotions a groat deal and used such methods ns thc false aocusation of rorious offenses, implicated throats as to the oonsequences, foar of the acquiring of disoases of both a physical and cental naturc, stc. pleced tho Germans seoond as to efficient use of tho pressure mothods. Ihe Gprean tachaiqio xas not on as high a psychological plann but involved.'thc uso of threats end pronises, such as tho promotion or the ruination of a man's business, infliotion of harm to family and relativcs, ctc. considered the British third in effectiveness. The British utilizcd a combination of somo of the French and Goman methods and woro extromely good' at tho art of trickory. A amoiders tho Ruoslans last in the application of skillful pressure methods. During his assirnnent in chargs of extornal affeirs, hadan excellont opportinity to intorrogàte many individuals subjccted to Russian interrcgation tochniques. He found that the Russians cade uso of vory orude torture mechanisms ir thoir interrogations. This procodre was utilised evon by top flight Ruissian interrogation teame. Hany prinitive tortuire methode were used, such as makine the person stand in oold ator during wintor time for many hours or atand in e small gell in which he could not be soated, hipping, pinching of fineers, cto. found no evidence of tho use of refined psycholorioal duress among Russian interrogators.

Aocording, to information amilahlo to thc United States-Aritain cmabincd opcration utilized the use of drugs to a greator extent than other countries. The use of sodium anytal vos considered only in top echclon casos. This use vas, striotly unauthorized and no aooount of it waa made in writing. las personally been associatod rith 12 intorrogations where sodium asytal was used. le is nequainted ith approximately 35 to 40 other instances whero this procedure was utilized. Of the 12 cases goncerning which he had first hand information there was oonsiderable muccess. Completo information was cequired in epproximately 40? of tho intorrogations, partial success w.s attained in approximately 40.of tho interrogations, and approximately 20: of the intorro-ations wore oohcluded vith vory little sunccss. The injection of sodium amytel wus nade et nirht, tho interrogution was then oonduoted, and the interroçatee rus sont to bed for tho ronainder of the night in ordor that he nirht sleap off the offects of tho drug. Tho uss of the drug wes carouflagod as much ns possiblo. Cne tochnique uaed wa to line up 15 or 20 people for shots and arong this group havo the subjct for the Interrogatlon. All of the individuals exoopt thc one to be intorrogatod were injcoted with distillod water. Tho subjeot for interrogation wes civen tho eodiun arytal. Fxcot cxtent to which tho Germans utilized drugs and intorrogation is not know. Thoro wore provalent rumora tlnt thoy did utillzo thls method, but the only reliable information that could be obtained by was that thcy wore extrenoly intorested in it and conduoted experiments in that field. statea that although first hand inforaation is not available conoerning Frenoh aotititiea with the uae of drugs, it was

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reliably knom that the Fronch were intorested in this tochnique. It was trogly rumored that the Russians utilized drugs for theppurpose of interrogation, bit these rimors could not be successfilly substantinted. The Germane say that the Pussians have used this techniquo on thenr. did uncover reliablo inforcatton concerning Rissinn use of drigs to cause disoorCort, rain and nnusca for Turposes of extrncting inforaition in interrogations. . Thos? drugs woro administorod both orally and by use of hypodermic-needle.

According: to the French admit interost in the utilization of hypmosis in interrogations. There were many rumors mresent in interrogation oiroles conoerning the aotual uso of this techniquo hy tho Fronoh on the Russians. Those rumors could not be subatantiatod. Fron infornation obtained considerod it possiblo that the British might havs utilized this techniquic at thoir Combined Staff Distriot Interrogation Center. e ncquirod inforrstion concnrning Goman xperimgitation In this field but did not knor of its usò at Gerann interrogation contors. it has no first hand information concorning tho Ruosian usn of hypnosis in thoir interrogations.

Muoh of this infornation is considered reliable because of s opportunity to obeorve and learn of foroign intarrogation teohniques. Informotton obtained in tris intorzier substantiatos oir suapicion of the presence of great interest cmong sevnral foraien cauntrien in tha anplication of special interrofntion techniquos.