[PAGE 1]
ENOTC CHCX LIST

mA Suojot 18

At Pete of Grictral Pazteà Ties ErteoledAllottat Accuant es Antborlastica Covared TO Colisaticu 2.41.19601y 0535-1090284.600.10

AMittoralPericiTite RxerdedAllotognt Rocent of. AnthorivationsCovere -Nader Chlisatica 2.b621121=19=3902 500.02

Tavoica Buctor mete Ancunt 66 511604,600.00 10162110320

[PAGE 2]
Purpose: To study haracter (ULTRA 108).

Initiated: February 1960. A secood year of study vas appioved in April 1961.

Contractor: Dr,  as a grantee of the B

Coat: \$3,500.00.(Previous year's grant was \$4,600.00).

Statusi Ongoing.Believed to be on schedule.

108-2

[PAGE 3]
MKULTRA,. Subproject No. 108, Continuption SUBJECT:

The pupose-of this project 1s to continue the research of Dr.a former colleague of Dr.
C Dr has continued to be of great assiatance to Dr It was at the suggestion of Dr.
ft withProject- initiated his proposal to that Dra
2. Dr.s work in studying certain characteristics of lg work character continues to be of definite interest'to TSD/RB. Dr.
1s progrtseris is progressingsatisfactorily. hendl7

3.. Funding and monitoring of this project will continue to be handled by Accounting for 6 nded shall. confoiu to procedures established for

4, The total cost-of this project for a period of one year is esti
mated not to exceed \$3500. Charges should be made. against allotment
1125-1390-3902. afiman

The\_close working relationship which has been established between and Dr. will make it possible to exploit the findings of 5 Dr. thie project without revealing Agencyinterest.

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS:

Research Director

Date:.

-\$

9

108-3

DRAFT/ 11 Apri1 1961

MEMORANDUM FOR:TRE RECORD

Distribution:- Original.only

[PAGE 4]
Cost Account125:1.392-3902

Object Class

108-4

(When Filled In)

[PAGE 5]
DAT:: 11 Apr11 1261

MAORAIDUN FCR: CONEPTROLLER

ATSENTION Rinance Division

SUBJECT HOt/ERA, Eubproject 100 Authorization No. 2

Under the euthority grentad-in the-menorendun dated 13. April 195 Arca the PoT to the DD/A end ths extonsion of this authority in subsequent zesorenáa, Subprojeet 108 was previously cpprovei. Under. the ceme enthority en edditicnal sva of \$3500.00 has beep authorized to cover tha subprojects exgepses, to be charged ecainst coat center 1125-1320-3902

TeD/Research -Breceh

APPROVED FCR OSLIGATIOR CP-FUIDS:-

∴2R Date: 21

Diotribution: Crig、à 2- Mdresocc 1-18d/0c 1-TSD/FASE 2 --TSD/RB

[PAGE 6]
MEMORANDUM FOR: CHIEF, FINANCE DIVISION

VIA : TSD/Budget Officer

SUBJECT MKULTRA, Subproject 10\$, Invoice No. 2 A1lotment 1125-1390-3902

1. Involce No. 2 is attached covering the above subproject. Payment should be made as follows:

E Cashier's check in tho amount of \$3500.00, drawn on a payable to
B

2: Please forward the chock to Chief, TSD/Research Branch through TSD/BudgetOfficer by Friday, 28 Aprll 1961.

3. Thia is a final invoice. However, since it is anticipated that additlonal funds will be obligated for this project, the files should not bo cloaed.

Attacbment: Involce & Certifications

Distributiont Orig&2Addresgee

18 Apr11 1961

[PAGE 7]
18 Apr11 1961

MEMORANDUM FOR: CHIEF, FINANCE DIVISION

VIA t\_TSD/Budget Offlcer

SUBJECT :MKULTRA, SubproJect 108, Invoice No. 2 Allotment 1125-1390-3902

1. Invoice No. 2 is attached covering the above subproject. Payment should be made as follows:

Cashier's check in the amount of \$3500.00, drawn on a E payable to 6

2. Pleago forward the check to Chief, TSD/Reaearch Branch through TsD/Budget Olficer by Friday, 28 April 1961.

3. This ie a final lnvoice, However, since it ia anticipated that additional funds will be obligated for this project, the files should not be closed. 「

A Chlef TSD/Research Branch

Attachment: Involce & Certificatione

Ch

Dietribution: Orlg k 2- Addreesee 1- TSD/FASS 2--TSD/RB

TSD/RB: (18 Apr 61)

108-16

[PAGE 10]
March 10, 1964

Sorry for the delay in sending this accounting to you. It
was buried deep in a confidential report that had-been\_forwarded
at the time of his-1962 request for further funds. Hope this is satisfactory.

Jan.:1961- Jan. 1962

108-7

[PAGE 11]
for the Year 1961
Accountingof
Two payments - \$3,500.00 in June 1961-and \$3,600.00 in\_Dec. 1961

U.S:\$ 3;000.00 Payment to subjects

2,000.00 Payment to consultants

1,500,00 Päyment to Assistants

600.00 Books, postage and miscellaneous

\$ 7,100:00 Total Expenditures

This is a true statement of the as C expenditures of β reported- to the C

I certify that services or materials-have-beensatisfactorilyreceivedthe exoenditures were incurred on offictal husiness.

March·10, 196

NoTE: Only payment of \$3500 represents MKULTRA fUndS.

[PAGE 12]
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, ATTENTION Branch H SUBJECT C

1. Subject is a colleague and close personal friend of Early in the development of project it was recognized that 's interests, status, and contacts represented considerable operational potential. In order to protect the security of and H it waa decided to develop on an unwitting basis while Development involved getting C to become actively intereated in establishing sources To motiof information and direct contacts with the vate his intereat and to provide funds and a legitimate source of attribution for hig revived interest, was offered a research grant from submitted a proposal for his grant on 2l October 1959. It was approved in the amount of \$4, 600. 00 and the grant was made on 28 January 1960. It should be noted that was at that time (and preaumably still is) unwitting of any government connection with

1. 2. As anticipated, accepted the grant and entered into his research energetically, keepingyt informed of his progress. Ae it became apparent that wae developing some useful contacts, it was recommended that the grant be renewed for a second year.On 11 April 1961 it was renewed for a second year (January 1961 - January 1962) in the amount of \$3, 500.00.

3. Prlor to s departure from was was to recruit and to direct his activities toward specific ope tional goals. It was declded to continueunwitting of

108-8

29.May.1961

[PAGE 13]
and government relationehip, but to keep advised of developmente in the case. Upon request through in TSD; will respond to changes in funding and other requirements which will facilitate management of the

TSD/Research Branch

Diatribution: Orig & 1Addressee 2--TSD/RB

TSD/RBA 29 May 1961

[PAGE 14]
I hereby acknowledge receipt of the followingi

[PAGE 15]
Feb. 1960 through-January 1963

1. Salary (Chief-Investigator 11,400.00 2,000.00

2. Part time-assistants 5,960.001,046.00

3. Books, magazines-and newspapers4,104.00 720.00

4. Contact and entortainment expenses(including gifts for subjects) 2,84.00 500.00

5. Postage, Stationery and other offico expense 1,999.00 351.00

Total \$ 26,304.00\$ 4.617.00
Grant \$4,600.00

Prepared by :

The·above statement summarizes Mr. expenses for the period stated above. This\_ is a true\_repcrt of the expenses as shown to us.ere

I havs eziinad and anroyod tha subnitted oxpenditu-os.

Chier

Date: S/u/ TSS/Cheaical Division

108-10

[PAGE 16]
18 Apr1l 1961

MEMORANDUM FOR: CHIEF, FINANCE DIVISION

SUBJECT ;—MKULTRA, Subproject 108, Invoice No. 2 Allotment 1125-1390-3902

1. Invoice No. 2 is attached coverlng the above subproject. Payrnent should be made as followa:

Caghier's check in the amount of \$3500.00, drawn on a payable to

2. Please forward the check to Chlef, TSD/Research Branch through TSD/Budget Officer by Friday, 28 April 1961.

3. Thls ls a final Invoice. However, eince it is anticipated that additional funds will be obligated for tale project, the files should not be closed.

A Chlef TSD/Research Branch

Attachment: Invoice & Certifications

Distribution: Orig & 2. Addresaee 1- TSD/FASS 2--TSD/RB

TSD/RB(18 Apr 61)

108-11

[PAGE 17]
108

108

[PAGE 18]
MEOZORACUNPORCCHPEROLLER

ATIERTIOS Finance Divisicn

SUSJECT Subprojçot 108 2

Urder the authority grented in tha mevorerdue dated 13 Açall 195 Prov the bo1 to the Do/A cnd the-extension of antropidy in sub. requent Eeacrends, Subgroject 10ses previosty-spcreyed. Voter, the sere autbority en edaitional. svp ef \$3500.00 bas bepp autboricrd to cever the subprojeets expenses, to' be chsrged assinat ccat center 1125-1390-3902

Chier TSD/Resesrch Branch

APPROFED 70R QPLICATTOT O FUROS:

Diotributico:

Cris. a 2 - Adsressce

I-T80/00 1TSD/PASB 2 --TSD/RD

D: 11 Apr11 1961

[PAGE 19]
Dear Dr.

Thank vou for your letter of Febrvory 25. Mr. will bo out of the ccuntry until after Morch 15, but l om sure thot he will be jnterested ln your progress.

I have ordered the two books you requested and hope they reach you In the near future.You seem to bs having quite a tima obtaining the publicotions you requiro, but I am glad you have been successful, I know Mr. joins me In wishlng you well on your now venture of Interviswing. Pleose fet us know If we con be of osslstance.

Sincerely yours,

Socretary to Mr.

Morch 2, 1960

[PAGE 20]
Dear Dr.

Thonk you for your letter of February 3. Attached Is the first poyment on your project In the amount of \$2,300.

my secretary, will be pleasod to ásslit you in Missi Wo will procuring books and refarences which cannot be found in take core of tha costs for tho purchoses made here out of your future gront poyments ond will notify you os to expenditures.

Again, 1 om very pleosed for the opportunity to work with you on this interesting research tosk and feel sure that we con entlcipate q pleosant ond productive collatoration.

Sincerely yours,

Enclosure

Executive Secretary

Februory 16, 1960

[PAGE 21]
Thanks yery much for your letter of January 28. Everythtng seens agreeable to me. As to remittance, it may be better to send me a bonk draft, although a check can also be used here.

I wonder If some of ycur stoff would be able to spare a little time ond kind enough to help me In procuring books and references whtch could not be found in (both for my research project and for my wrlting up of my onimol experl menis which now I am doing ot night os slnce last month I have been devoting my entire doy time to work on-the prolect supported by In that event, pleose deduct \$100 from the flrst remirtance you are going to send me and glve the money fo her for purchase of books for me and let me know her name so that 1 con write her from Hme to time.

I will write you again soon and keep you informed obout the progress of my work from time to time.

Thank you agaln, I am very sincerely yours,

COPYHandwriften letter

C

February 3, 1960

[PAGE 22]
Dear Dr.

I om plecsed to inform you thot hos opproved your gront appllcatlon for two of the three yeors you requested. For our rocord, we cro showing the initlation of the prolect os Februory 1, 1960. We shall provide poyments on the grant somi-onnuolly If this Is ogreeable to you.. Before tho end of the two yedr period (I suggest in November of 19ó1) you varlté for a continuation of your gront and send in a progress report. The Directors and thelr scléntific advisers will review the progress of the study ond notlfy you regording Its continuatión.

Will you pleose Inform me as to how the poyment should be mode. May 1 transmit a check to you or would you prefer a bonk credit? The following conditlons opply In the ulllzatlon of these funds:

1.  An annual progros report bo submltfed at the end of each yeor.

2.  An annual accounting of funds expended shall bo provided for our records.

3. . Any technicol reports or papers which grow out of the study supported under this gront shall contain the following noiice:" This study wos supportod In port (or wholly os the case may bo) by e gront from the

join ma in Tho Boord of Directors and the sclentiflc odvisers of wishing you weil In this ondeavor. Please call upon us for ony astistance thot we may bo able to provide.

Sincerely yours,

January 28, 1960

Executive Secretory

[PAGE 23]
Cost Account 1525-112-1902

Object Class

108-14

[PAGE 24]
MEAMORANDUNA FOR: COVPTROLLER

ATTOTIONI Pinance Divieion

SUEJECT 1 , bc 103

Under the euthority granted in the Moaoronduss datod 23 Apr11 1953 fros tho DCI to the D0/A, and the extenoton of thie authority in subecquent memoranda, Suoproject 100 has boen epproved end \$4,600.00 of tbo ovor-all Projoet MURA fmds have beeo obligated to cover the subprojeet'e expenses and should bo charged to A1lotment 0525-1009-4902.

A

Ch1ef T63/cheaical Diviaion

APPROVED FOR OIOATION 07 700T3:

Original sigcad by

I CERTIEY THAT RUNDS ASE AVAILASLS: ORUGATION ZUFOICE No. 1534

Research Director

Dater

Distributiout Gria a2Addraosco 1-TSS/0C 1TSS/FASB

28 Jamiary 1960

[PAGE 25]
5 Febrvary 1960

ME4ORANDOM FORI CHIEP, FIHACS DIVISION

VIA 1Tss/Budgat orficor

GURJECT 1 NRA, Gubprojoct l08, Iavoice No. 1 All0tzent 0525-1009-4902

1.' Invoice No. 1 is attacbed covevirg the above subprojoct. Paycont ahould bo aado as rollovs!

Cashier'a check in the eoaunt of th,C00,00 drayn 8 rayeble to

2., Please forvard the check to Chier, Tos/Choaical Division through Tos/Bodget orfieer by Priday, 19 Pedrury 196o.

3. Thia ie a firal invoico. Hovever, since it la antioipeted that additional furdo will bo obligated for this project, tho files should not be closed.

Chief T88/Chealcal Division

Iovoico & Certificationa

Distribotiont Qrig a 2 = Addrvasoe

1-TSS/FASB

TSS/CD:A(5 Feb 60)

[PAGE 26]
MOIORANOUM FORICRIEP, FTRANCS DIVISION

VIA 1=Tes/buiget Officer

SUNJECT

1K, Suproct 108, Iavoic No.1 A110tment 0525-1009-4902

l. Invoico No. 1 la attached covering the above subprojoct. Payent should bo maie ae follove:

Cashier's chcok in tho wcant of ,(o0.00 dreya oD payable to

2.: Pleane forvard the chock to Chief, Tss/Chemical Division through Tus/Budget Offieer by Priday, 19 Pebruary 1960.

3.: Thia is a firal invoice. Hovever, oince it is anticipated thes additional funia wll bo obligated for this project, the files should pot ba closed.

A

Attachoont: Invoiçe & Certificattons

Diatritutica: Qrig & 2 - Addroesee TSS/FASB

CERTEY TH A AVALA 153

639944 BASH PAYNENT IN AVCUNT OF 6 RECEIVED.6. 2.

5 Pebiuary 1960

[PAGE 27]
CERTIVICATIONS

(1) It 1s bereby certified that thia is Invoice No, 1 epplying to Subproject No. l08 of pRUaRA, thet performance ie satisfaotory, that services are baing accoaplisbed in accordance vith mutual agreenente, that a detailad agenda of the paynonts and reccipta is on file in Tss/co, that thie bill 1e juat and correct and that payment thereor has not yet been medo.

Chiof, Tes/Chealcol Divloico

Dater

(2) It 1s horeby certiried that thie invoice applies to Subproject No. 103 of MULTRA whieh vas duly approved, and that the project is boing carriod out in eccordance vith the menorandum or 13 April 1953 from the DCI to the. DD/A, and the extonsion of this authority in subsequent memoranda.

For services

INVOICE

\$,600.00

Research Director

Dater

[PAGE 28]
Official Check No. G39949, in the amount of \$4,600.00 draw on E dated February 18, 1960, paveb1. to β

I hereby acknowledge receipt of the following::

[PAGE 29]
28 Jamnery 1960

MOHORANDUN FORT COGTROULER

ATA/ICnI Plnance Diviolon

SENCT

1-MURA, SUbpoJect 108

Vrder tho eutbority graated in tha Koscrenbes dated 13 Apr11 1953 fros tha I01 to tha m0/A, snd tho extenolon of this sutbority in subcequant saoreràs, Subprojeat 100 hes been approved and \$4,C00.00 of tho oror-all Projoet 1aULRA nds bava beaa obligated to cover tha subprojeet'a expenses and shoul4 be charged to A1lotaent 0525-1009.b902.

Chlet 268/chealcal Divielon

APPANED POR CRLIOATIN OF 708081

Bessacea Diractor

Datowe

Dietributica: Grig à 2 - Addressee

1-TSS/0C

1 - TSS/FASB

2TSS/CD

A TSS/cD/(28 Jan 1960)

[PAGE 30]
MEMORANDUM FOR: = THE RECORD
SUBJECT :- MKULTRA, Subproject No. 108 C

1. Dr a friend and former-colleague of has been of great assistance-to-Dr. 1 in setting up Project During this period, Dr. independently contacted Dr. for. C assistance 1n-getting money for-research work in At C our suggestion, Dr wrote Dr. to talk over his research plans with:Dr. with the aim of submitting a pro-B posel to This was done and approvel-for-this project is requested to provide funds for Dr. s work.

a coapetent and well motivated researcher. The type of work he proposes to do is of definite interest to TSS/CD.-(Proposal-Attached)

3. Funding and monitoring of this project will be handled by in the regular manner. Accounting for the funds expepded will be according to the procedures-previously established by Any unused funds remaining at the conclusion of the projeot will te returned to the Agency.

[PAGE 31]
4.--The-total cost of this project for a period of one

year is estimated not to exceed \$h,600.00. Charges should-be made against A1lotment.0525-1009-4902.

5. The-fact that Dr.whas established a close working

relationship with Dr. will make it possible to-exploit the-findings

of this projeet-without revealing Agency interest;or participation.

APPROVED FOR OBLIQATION OF FUNDS:

Reseerch Director

Date:2/2/60

Attached Proposl

Distribution: Original\_only

[PAGE 32]
am-gending you herewith two. copios each of the proepectue of my proposed investigation,Estimates of Annual Bxpenditure, and a brief oiographic sketch and a liat or ay previous publicatione. I hope the will act on the prospectus favorably as you have indicated in your letter. Dr. s note on page 9 is alao attached to the prospectue and astimates.

assistance in revisiwi hhis pmphasitusthat hia wiadon dorived C from his past experience with the requirements of B have helped make the present form of preaentation of-my propoaed plan more euitable than\_my orginal draft. He has spent conaiderablo time on this proepectus and 1 am graterul to-him.

As-Dr. s research project is-cloaely rolated to mine, naturally we will compara notbo fron time to time, so as to assure close mutual cooperation and to avoid, if any. unnecessary duplication of work. During the progreas of our vork whenoxer either one diacovers certain scientific deta which night be-useful to the other, I can assure you-too, that vo will draw oach otherls attention to such data. Thanking you again ior your personal intereet in mv work. and hopink to hear from you again before long,

I em,

[PAGE 33]
It has long been the opinion of the writer that the following behavior traita or behavior charactoristios are the predoainent characteristice-of the massea. In thie proposed atudy, tho investigator proposes to\_relate cortain gcological factora to the formation of:some critical behavioral characteristics of Employing content analyeia of historical recorda, .the\_investigator

will trace the relationship of such ecological factore ae:

the geographic conditione of , population docline and growth, food supply, floods and droughte, insect infestations, pestilences, and other natural diseaces, civil wars, barbarian invasions, and tho political policiea and education systems of the ruling froa

to the formation of such behavioral characteristice as:

1) Lack or religiouo foeling (in the sonse of a supernatural being), and hence lack of an organized church;

2) Avereion to\_violencel

3) Passivity to brute forcee, either natural or hunan;

4) Fatalistic view towarde lifet the otrong tendency for one to adjust or adapt to the one'e environcont, however adverse, rather than to modify or conquer the environment; 1

5) Lack of apirit of adventure

6) Leck of individual initiative;

7) Lack of the doeire to be indopendent or differant fron othere; rather-the strong tendenoy to conform to the existing social requirements and to imitate or follow the ones who have been succesoful socially or in bucincag

3) Lack of the spirit of tean worki

9) The paradoxical tendency of\_tho\_individual:iOn\_the ono hand he is moat self-oacrificial in the family- almost to the point of selflessnessi on the other, outside the family, he can be Moet selfish without moral or legal reetraintst

[PAGE 34]
l0) Indifference to the sufforing of other people:

l1) Indifferenceto public wolfarc;

12) The feeling of racial superiority;

13) Abeence of the sentimont of nationalisn (and henco patriotisa) (until the turn of the present century)i

14) The strong tendency to compromise without regard to ono's rights, juetice\_or truth;

15) The strong tendenoy to look with suapicion in anything that is new (somewhat modified-by tho impact of the

16) The tendency (as it is almostly knoan to the in interpersonal relatioasT

17) The apparent docility toward authority (which in has nistaken for Cooporation" and has wrongly interpreted as an inherited trait developed froa a-"hydraulio society "founded upon the proposition that the individual-had to be forced to do what was necessary-for his society and thua for himself) but always with an inner feeling of bitter resentment or hatred and readinessto.avenge\_authorities when they are overthrown and on the ruu.

Theso behavioral characteristics have confroited the with a nwaber of eerious psychological problomo in their revolutionary efforts. Our eecond step in thie atudy, therefore, will de to anyalyee the methode by rhich the Communists endeavor to colve these paychological probleme.

A third atep in this study will be an invostigation of the successen and failures of the Coumunists\_in their efforto to solve these problewo to date; and an analysis of the major conflicts between hharacter and Communist policy which invitably must be resolved-in-the future.

Hethodet

In parts-one and two of\_our atudy we shall adopt a method-of dontont analysis of certain hietorical documents and records.

In our third etep\_of invantigation we shall eaploy threo genorol

methods: (a) observation of the bahavior of the  of various age

[PAGE 35]
groupo who from time to timo come from the (b) interviewing these poople; and (c) giving tosts to the younger (echool age) groupe brought up in the rg during the last decade.

We shall deeign our test forms in such a way as to diecover these children's attitudes towardst (1) the state vs.: the individualj (2) family, parents and ether relatives; (3) various religione; (4) physical moral concepts on practical matters (as against abatract moral principles); (5) oconomic and political syeteme; leading personalities in hiatory: (7) arte, draaa and literature; and (8) pereonal plane and personal ambitions for the future.

In our obeervatione and interviews of the peoplee who have resided in the  under the Communiet, cpecial attention will be given to the influence of the attitudea and other behavior characterietics or the older generation over the younger generation who are brought up mainly or-solely under the Comaunist rule.

Special pointa of emphasiat

Based on the findinge of this investigation'of the behavior. characterlstics of the old and young who have resided in the\_ Communist .during the last decade a tentative prognosis will be made as to how far an accomplishoent of the Communist Revolutionary effort could be expected from peychological standpoint.

Many or the above mentioned behavioral charaoteristice are closoly interrelated.Host of these behavior traita are bred in the fanily from generation to generation. Thereforo in our historical analysis we shall pay special attention to the claniem (the writer prefera this tera to "familialism" or "family cystem").

[PAGE 36]
and havo played a vory important role in the formation of the  poreonality. In our historical analysis besides the physical and econoaic forceo, vo shall give a clooe and critical examination to theso two systeas of philosophy to find out, if any, the evidences to subatantiate wy long suspicion-that theee two ayatema of philosophy as they are known to-day are partly original and partly invented by the later scholaro siuce the

In addition to and the public examination eyetenc, and their officially announced purposes and their underlying secret motives(shich, ae far as this writer is aware, have not even been suepected by the Scholars of culture), and consoquently the building up of the elite class - known-to thew also had had some influenco over the Scholars as personality make-up of the people, and muet also receive due evaluation in our investigation.

In our exaaination of these two philosophical syetems, we shall have occasions to gather evidence to test this writer'a theory that as well as other syetoms of thought (known as during the period ōf are themselvee the zatural producte of the then prevailing sociai conditione or rather of the reflcoticns of the-prevsiling mental mooda of the masses of that period.

In the absence of a süpernatural religion and an organized-church;
it would be a tremendously difficult task for any government to achieve
social solidarity and social stability. In for thie
was accomplished by: (1) of thought came to anà became an important ingredient of modera through "infiltration"); (2) artificially building up

[PAGE 37]
the (3) the buildirg-up of a distorted version of which was then clocoly linked up with clanlemj (4) artificial creation of an elite class; (5) cetting up an artificial and maintaining a-natural iron curtain throughout the centuriesl and (6) brute force, as a last resort, as a deterrent for individaal deviation or disobedience. In our historical investigation we ehall try to collect faotual ovidence showing how these phenomena wore accomplished, and how they affect the modes of thinking and patterns of behavior of the people during each period.

In our study of the Comnunist psychological techniques in ruling we shall try to compare the similaritioo and differences betwaen
the ancient rulers and modern Comnunistaand to find out what
tangible effecta on the behavior patteras of tae-masses have taken place. In this study special attention vill be devoted to the fact that
in the above-list of behavioral characterietics, thore are-certain
characteristics which will work favorably for the Coaauniet efforts in
resolding the society while certain othere with their so deep mt
historical erts will work againot thea. Our work will be trying to
see how well the Communiste exploit the favourable traits and what
means they have epployed to coabat or destroy the unfavourable ones. Hany of the above listed behavioral traite or characteristics of
the have been froquently nentioned in the mritinge of the experts. But they are very often fraguentary and scattered
in various booke and articles and sore often than not, either orroneous,
misleading or ouperficial in-their-interprotations or.evalnations.
As far as this writer is aware, there hao been no attempt to put these

[PAGE 38]
known characteriaticotogether and make a conpreheneivo-and syatomatic
and scientific study of then. While thie writer has not had the opportun
ity to read tho recent book by entitled on tho baaie of sumaaries and roviews the book seeus to rapresent
the personal opinions and viewa of the author rather than conclusions
drawa froa carefully and systomatically analysod Boientific data fron
both ocological and psychological points of views.: The sane cowrents
may bo applied to Tho book
is an oxcellont and concise summary and evaluation of the opinions
end vievs of previoue writers on cultural tradition of and it has
brought forth a number of behavioral characteriatics of the which
fore a part of our topics to be investigated in this-proposed plan. Büt book ropresente neither a comprehensive nor a syetematic study
of the ecological and psychological factora which are reeponsible for the
developnent of-the mentolity is a well-documented end first rate reference
book on Communion up to 1954, but the book barely ecratches the
surface of many deep-rooted paychological problewa which-wo-aim to
inveetigate in thie proposed stuiy. (Chapter 5 of this book contains\_a
nunber of interestiog but not altogether correct viewo-abont
history and the basic structure of the cociety. It should be
regarced as a well balanced view\_and preview of an author wso.seens to be
quite familiar with the hietorical background of soclety, but it
can hardly be constdered a ecientific approach.) There are certain advantages for this investigation being undertaken
by a trained psychologist who-is completely conversant with both the
mordern and the claesical styles ind and who resides inte 4

[PAGE 39]
(1) the project is primarily a paychological rosoarca; (2) the materials required for this investigation about and history, culture, and thought cannot be gathored fron anguage sources;-The original texts -in mere largely available (3) it 1s also ossential to ueo original materiale for the part of the investigatione which is-related to the recent Coasuniet efforte, and theco too: are-available (4) direct. obsorvation of bohavior, personal interviews, and tosts with who have lived in tho since-the Communisto took over áre on essential part of the propoeed study. the moet strategic\_placo for gathering this kind of Hlive" poychological data.

Duration of projectt

The magnitude of this proposal is euch that many years profitably could be dovoted to it.-It is anticipatad, howover, that the moat essential parts of the research and reporting can be accoaplished in three years. It is hoped that the grant can be made for a niniaun of two years with-some assurance of continuation upon cubmiesion of satisfactory evideace-of progreos.

[PAGE 40]
It is to be noted that the lists of ecologocal ractors (eco= logical variables) and behavioral characteristics (defendent variables) are\_merely tentative ones and are to-be grouped into smaller numbers of categories according to their similarities and differences in nature and according to the convenience of the analytical procedures. And as the\_investigation is making progress, new ecological\_factors\_and new.behavioral characteristics will:appear to require attention and a regrouping or reorganization of thecategories of both\_ecological factors and behavior characteristics will become necessary so as to\_ include the new factors or new characteristics. Such organization and re-organization will\_be reported\_ to\_the Society-as soon as it is done.

The investigator has now commenced\_to workout somewhat in detail a concrete procedure for historical analysis. As soon as this is completeda-copy will be submitted to.the Society. Detailed procedures for observation on behavior andinterviews and giving tests will be worked out in a later'stege.

It appears-that the scope\_in\_the\_proposed plan is somewhat vast. However, as soon as the detailed haitorical procedure is worked out, the.scope will be\_consequently narrowed down and the work in view will-be more concrete and precise.: The same is applied to observation of behavios, interviews and tests in a later stage of the investigation.

There is a relationship between Dr. 's present research and this proposed plan which may be briefly eated stated as follows:-

(1) Both work towards the same goal: the scientific understending of the national character.

Suplimentary\_Notes

[PAGE 41]
(2) Dr. tries to reach his goal by basic scientific develtpirat approach, emphasing the personality of the' individual-while this proposed investigation will try to reach its goal through historico-ecological approach, that is, to find its basic factors for the formation of the  personality.

(3) Drro aim is to discover certain national characteristics without presumption, hence, hia method is inductive, while this proposed investigation is more or lss based on the investigator's.previous assumptions which are to be verified by historical analysis, hence, the method is.more deductive than inductive.

(4) Dr. s interest is primarily in the development of personality in thetas a scientific study in psychology, while the present investigator is also interested in the bearings of the historical rooted traits on Communist's revolution and vice-versa.:

P. 76(contid)

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1) Booke (Hostly including books, magazinps and newepapera published in Communiat from which certain materials related to the proposed rescarch 600 can be oifted) .

2) One Assietant 1,200

3) Contact and entertainment expeoses (ror contact with-various persons who make freguent visito to and with the now arrivala froa fron time to tine):

4) Incidental and niscellaneous expenses 200 (For supplies, postage, etc.)

5) Cocpensation for the investigator. 2,000

Total......4,600 CRCRCSTE

KOrEs: During the second and third yeare, the following itons should be added to the annual estinatesi

1) l,Ooo wiil be required for travellirig exponses if arrangemonts are to be made for the asristant or other persons to travel to , and some-rural dietricts ruled by the Communist as far north as to gàther firat hand data.

2)200 for printing interview protocole and test forms (second year) and for secretarial assiotance in preparing reports.

[PAGE 43]
uill undertake, with Dr.'s approvali

1) to organize the ecological variables into logical categoriesi

2) to organize tho defendent variablee (behavioral characterietics) into\_catcgories;

3) to note in soe details the proposed analystic procodurest

4) to identify tho proposed relationahip to my project;

5) to indicate a plan for systematically reducing the ecope of this atudy and increaeing ite precision.

[PAGE 44]
MEMCRANDUM TO: Tha Direcion

UBJECT: Froject Propool,Category à - Dr.

The atlached proposal wos wuboltted ot the reguest of Cr. B C
and wor suggested by Dr,
You will note that much of the wors of Cr. hos actuallybeen in the area
of animpol ecology but reflocti a contlnulng Taterest In huaan bshavior. It is
felt thet the work of Or. awill complement Or. wark and will
contrlbute to furtler Infomcation In supcor of tho tasis work occoop ished at B

108-20

Ena; 2

Noveaber 6, 1959