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The Dirsctor of Contral Iatolligenco

Aotlstent Dircctor fcr Selentifio Intclligonco

Report lo. 1 on trip to Fl and UeA, 22 June to 7 Mgast 19h0 inclusive.

1. JECTIvzs. lajor objectivea veret (e) to dcvelep infornatien on prccedures urcd in Tusciia-controllcù ccunirics for obtciaine "confossions (Aopondiz A). cnd (b) to cply cpecial cothods of intorrogatica for ths purpoco ef cvaluction of Dussiin practicco end cepebilities in this erca (Appcndix B).

2. BACKRoUD. (1, a.). Cinco tho,notorioua Noscov tricls ef 1937 cnd 1933, Nassizn-contrelled jadicicl yzcecénro has becn notsverthy for the drzvatic trisls in thioh tho dofondento hove ezhibitcd anczalcuo behavior cni canfcsrlcns. Triels heve often boen steged effoirs vith rigia ssttincs. Prclininsry ctudy of recorls of a munber of trinls, ecoecislly that of Cordlual Mindosonty, lcd to tha inference that tho style, context end cnner of dolivory ef tho "ocnicocions" could only bo oxploinel cn tho docis of a rocrientaticn of tho cinds cf tho cenfessecs. Mhero is adocuata hstorical orericace to cctablish that besio chrrces in the functionsl organication of tha iaun zind c-nzot be brcazht ebcut b7 psychological durecs or rhyaical tcrture ale :o. Investigction of tho use of nero subtle tochiquos vas indicatel. Rescnt reyorts ef unacuel snd beld-behevior arong eotiviet FWs roturainr frca Jatifa cohools in the UssR cuccoctod that upecial teohniques for rocriantatioa may heve been applicd to thon as voll,

3.COROLUSIOES.

e.It is s reasonable cortsinty (thcuah unproven) that "ccnfoscocs" in high-level trials of political or propecands siyulfiuanco in Fusrizn-dorinatct crcas are prepored by kypnosie. Kypnotic control is begu folloving a period of psyelological duress and druccing. tho ro-cdncation unior hypaosis teicg reinforced vith intcris üislectical pressure.

b. Thoro is no evilanco that hypzosis is boing coployed by the USER in tho preparation of ectivist or eepicnsgo ezents for rcutine missions. 4.PECOORDARIONS.

a. Consiceration to ba given to cn operation for the escepe of Caräinal lindssenty.

) 5

15 scut 1949

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d. An oporationl toa of tvo en be trnined by CIA in mecial rcthodo of intorrogation tnd sant to tho Europeen Thoctres.

4 PIOCMEDATIONS (Continuod)

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PIA

Deckzrcund and P'recodares Uecd in tho Freparation of Defendsnts For Conicssions

Ecarces!

l. Roporto of tri-ls in Faosia cnà satellito ercis.

2. DaJiluil, Frontisck, Erigasior Gehoral (Czech), vitncss of 1933 trlals of ZLCYIEV, EUZEARIN d KD.

3. CUN, Lasslo mnd Ranne, neo FLORIAT-FISCOs, hczivriting ozperto, td forgers for tho political police Wuring tho Hindssaaty trial.

4。 KAFA, fru, Ceptein, Ranarian y, in contcot vith KCV, Asdar, Eunçerien author.

j. 5. sZATyRY, Enil. Alisnist end psyehistriet for the Rngoricn Pcople's Court.

6, Tzo sanior licutencnts, KOB.

7. Czptcin, n.

8.sCHIBER; Colonol Ocnoral, Foichssehr.

9.  Sourees vith kovlelge of Gestopo snd SD cathods.

Te uee of poychological duross, drizs snd hypnosis, both for intorrogation and prepsration ef defondants for trials vas knoua'to both the Gern and ungerian politicsl police, (AVo, B, nd SD)., A Garzon Profossor OReog, Ferenca, living in Eungery Caring tho Basi occapation in lglst cooperated vith tho Gomans in those spcoial operationg. Fron then mnd his oun experience he loarzed ths use or a drag called ac (Scocrniac-uhotanine-ukatel), vàich causes slou ontal excitenent and tlen doprsssion cal which hod oajoyod uce in the trvatment of seze mental listurboncas. It ccme into cstersive uco in Mungary vhero the Gesteo eplicd.it to reluce oubjccts to a highly mcgostaulo mental stato, after which hypnosis vas ináncod mnd interrogations carried cut, or propnrations for trial pcdo. Vordng vith Onsos undcr Cestaso cuidrnco vero Er. VOaLolEssY, Ferenes (the best hopnotist in Euncary). and tvo of VOGYSsT's acsiotants, TAiSEA, Dr. Stofan and yrobably BAL, Najor Stsfan, noy a najor in the ..

Tho firot tvo knoun indopcndent lanczrian ueog of specisl rothods for confoasions vevo tho NádY trial snd the ARasY trial. It vill be rezezbored thnt uring tio ARe tricl in 1947 the defdidant initially

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regudiated his peracnal history statoncnt aa prescnted by tho polico rnd atated beforo tho court taat ho had baen nistrocted cnd huprotised. Ha conrt vas recessed, AllY vas rotumed to prison rnd tho court rocrnteaed on tha third dy, whca ARt ccleovleaged tho stetonents in tho oricinal yerconel history cnd confesced Cailt to ell cherges which vcro rs uanel preecntel in full, to bo cncverel "Tood op o". Daring tho AY telel, Kizla, Dr. Androv, tho' court peyehiutrict and a ropatablo phyuicien, vas not alloued to interviov the dofcudent or to bo in cloca proinity to hin. KLEl lctir stcted thet it vas his improssion that ARaY vas in a stote of hopnosis chilo on tho ctand.

In the trial of CCEickY, Fictor (son-in-les of tho firot Procident of Funcery), a siniler proccsure was folloved. CholoaY vea tried in rid-lgh8 for selling a Hungaricn sccret code to the Uaited Stotes. Tho CyOnraY caso vas folloved closely by a nubor of peoplo becruco hs vas tho first Jos to bo tried for trcason aná it vas of spceinl intozest to souree, vho knoy CEoiokY end farily vell cnd ves also Jevich. Source elso vao in closo ccntect vith soliai-FaTe, Vilnos, tho was a pricsner at Andrcsry Strcet 60 vith ClatcY and speke uith hia Lrily. Scurea statos that in ths firot fev drya ia prison CFomiokY donied all chasges, but cfter three to fcur üays steted that he hed been receiving deily intorrogaticno fres Profeasor VoELoYssY. Followding this obcervetion, ECLYON-FEOZ noted dcily chenges is porsonality of CLONCY and GTacual pltoration in statosents nado eiter interrogation. Aftor ten Cays of treatnent CHoiczY ves proclaining his cuilt to his fellov prisonors. severel of vhen by that tirs hed bescno recurinted vith the epplicatien of bypnocis cnd vore of tho opinion that Crorkcat hed doen hyrnotised rapootedly. Prior to the trisl ClOmcY vas intervieved by LLDHAN vho. cccorling to turco, (et that tica en sgent of the politicol polico). naid that CroniokY vas definitely is a stato of lopnosis durins his trizl." Scuree, vho vdtnesned triel, stated thet ClolcxY's delivory vas that of a hygnotised individual and that contsary to his usual sapid specch, he speke vory tlovly as if roading fron a tozt. Sourca talrod with CiccY in en anterocn prior to trial znd noted that CHoKloY did zot eoen noreel and was dstoninhed et prisoner'g steterent, "I cenit ny Cailt and I an mro I vill not bo ceatenced to death." Dofendant clao did not rccogniso scurce, althouch they vere old Iricada end is brief conversation vas detached end exhibited obvious caps in menory for cvonts both hed vituezsed. As usual, the defense attorcy did not cerry out a lircet or croso ekanination. Further cvidoncs of a Lpnotia tronco ia Eiven dy the behevior of the defondènt dnrlng tho trial, in which cource tuice passed CEookT'o lino of vision to the latter!s coopléto indizieronco.. To source and others vorking in the laboratory of the EH, thoro vas general ccccptonce c conment as to CHOI's being hypnotized.althouch no opon statesonts vere sade..

The preparation of Cerdinal NnDszenTY folloved tho cane gencral pattem but vas verhops botter plenaed and exocuted, vith the sivico and assistenco of a Dussico dologation.

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Withdo dhont treoMr tets ti: o in Cho cutur of 19t8, tho accicion to orlun as diwtedit ths pocition of tho Cetholie Curch in Duusy vas Sore;l upea tà Mangavi:n Pulitturo dy a ceries of cventot (a) Uio fosloeslag reetied of tho Ce. ntt Coanty lcslora who voro vordint in (n uefavescblo nilica ddch wa  7op Catholie. (b) the becinning of tho Conrunist pecco offentive, (o) tho belncing of tho Party yurçó, cnd (a) liAYAvin's dofeotion. At this tiso e soorct Leeting vas cciled to dccida upon tcotics. Frosont voro SZAKASiss, Arpcd; RAKoSY, Netias; I.OS; GROD; FSGR NAK; NJPY, Juliuo, ad othors. RK rcsenrended tho lil nothod end vented to fueter an entl-ei ulet doconstsation rnd heve a Laeo olaudhitor ineluding tilDsZRhiY. As rn eltemate nothod LuOsY vrnted to deel vith inszuY by luring ka fron tho ccuntry ond preventine his rotum, In tho ebsonco of ceruonent Gnos end pscy (toth loccov-trcincd), insisted thet a Croup shoald go to Noccoy to gst cvorall yolicy in light of futura roruironents in Cgcahoslovakdia, Purnenia and Julgaria. CancE cnd RKosY, MK, PAY and ViS vsnt cnd rotumned in four vodks. RZ, vio vac not in nercozant vith tho Nlocccv decicion, vas kopt for tuo cllitionel veoks, in vhich tiro ho vas rolicved of tho Kinistry ef tho Intorior end appointod linister of Foraicn Aifcirs.. His place as cvorell hecd boing taken by a rolicble Koscov-trained non, KDAR, Jon.

After thoir rotur tho cld AvO (cocret police) voro roorgonized mnd purced, cnd in three vooks a ceparnte pilitary office croatod, the BAH (cocrct yolice of tho tiniutry of Interior), Dade up of tried, corcaned Couni ts cnd GroR, Feter uas neto hocd. O/BoR ves not under tho'ccntrol of tho hezd of the Ruagorien state, but received ell orders throueh GUEON nd FRISCE.\*

Ca or about Noveaber l943, a Lasoian delczatien crrivod in Dudcyest. It vis hosded by Tiscov (nov Rssian Aobzssrdor to Dudspest), snd fivo or six othors vho voro attachod to the Bat. It is not imnoua vhother SAVELET, KATMCF or ECVITT coro in thia Crop, although other reports have identified the lsttor tuo as being in Dulopest at this tine, Cn or abeut 5 Decezber there nlso appcared fifteen or tucnty MD officers of Nhzcerian oricin. About this tiro TICoV end PUSCHIy orisrod Presiüént ZlasiTs to teke action to separaie the Caurch vithin four veeke.

To problen uas diccussed in the presoncs of source at a justice socsinn rooting of tho Comnist party. Fresent vere SZmEY, /LAFY. Fhay'ond tho Hinister of. Justice, et al. Tho point at issuo vas hoy to produco sufficiont evidonco acainst NlnDszmiY to publicly diserodit hin snd tho Choreh, The Rssians drousht vith thez hanireds of docuconts collectcd by their cgcnts aa tho B/E hed an cditionsl large cuantity en hand. The feat problea vos hcy to organiza tho peterial for public exhibiticn snd orosent a ercdible case. Very fou of tho docucents Lere oricinal, nost bsing photostats, intorcepts and esent renorts. Photoctets end trensorioto or originals conld not bo used uthout revealins

B0DA" roports Peter GABoR'a suicido in Budapost on 4 August l9h9.

-3- ULUET

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source end nethoda of operation. Tho colution of ELPATI, lirvin, Chiof of the Fecnonio Scctica, BAA, ves cdonted. Tia nothod vao SoP in this section of tha BAí cnd is urclly cerriel out ns folloss: Intsrcepts voro comared vith catsloquca lotters in filos cnd cuthorchip or originnl identified or vorificd. A literal copy of phutostnt or intorcept vas forgod and pleecd in houce of defcndent, vhich vculd then bo sosrehed and forgery found. In tho llnDszsiY caso ptostato vore availcblo of correspondence betveen eg?, CI,o .10 od othorsi .In the ceso of BAkY original luttera voro not :veilblo for copy so vorãs 2roo mancrous other lotters vera picced tosthor to eet vords for tho 'oricinal. In tho triél of Beron (rna) KAí, it ves notod that thore vora no intorocuts since l947 tossucs nil corrcspcnlence vas dolivercd b7 ccurier ond, on insictenco of HliDsZtuaY burncd after repding.

Te arroat ef NmszaaY ves neãe en 26 Desarber. On 23 Dcecubor pablic rezetien ves so groat that Noscev orécrea imediate tublicaticn of derocatory docuaents, In tho rach of yeoparctien, cozfasien aa dicegreenant aroce tctuoen the Hinister of Foonomlos cnd the Hinistor of Foreign Mfairs as to saopo and cktant of publicity. Mhe police, (OABOn, Petor). steppea in nd decided to pubiich CIPI, SCRORID end NCTIclY letters which had becn forgcd cithor fran photoctatic conico er ty eynthesia of vords fren a nuabor of lettors. Astcr foreorics vere cregted, copies vars civan to the Tulapest acuspaers. One peer, ayILac", of the redical dosocratio grcun, zefused to publich mnd wont on rcoord as ctatins letters vere fosgorios. Tha caitor, Uapka, Goza, vesjeiled. Tho SUln/Rs vero called in by polico to cubstentiate forgeries. Nanna Suuaa rent to tho Azerican Legation and caditional inforetien fres this point en the forgeries ury be obtcized fscn tha Dapartzent of Stcto. A notable error vas cede by BAk in tint the oricinal forgery vhich appeared in the Badapest pepors on the hth of Jimnery vhs dissiniler in fomat froz the secosd forgery prepered by susan aad vhich vas pudlished in ths Yellos Book. Photostats of both forcories vero precunably tamod over to CLAes, Philip.' Sccond Secrotery of the Amerieen Legation.

Tvo veeks vere cccupiod in preparing locuneatary natorial for the trial. In this period about 200 othor indivicnals cosociated vith IIDSZTY tora'eleo arrested sinco the stosing collsd for MInDSZTY to da principel dofendant and to sclcct fron tho 200 a fey vho conld be usel to tostify cgoinst hiu. ZAkal vas dicclosod to source by police es being very inportant.. bo vag inclined to bo fonatio, vanted to be a nertyt. and hed been picked as targot by polica becauso of his ruct singltneas of purrosa shich nade it very casy to deal vith him by diclcctical neas.

In the first tvo voeks poriod of preparation tho ueuel police mothcds vere epplicd ta the Cardinel. Thore vas first a physicel coarch which vas highly inperaonsl and carricd cut by guaras vho noither spoke nor revealed any sig of hunan intorert. Tha prisoner bas thea placed

SECRLI

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SECRET

in a coll or roon vhoro poelo veniered in ná out for a doy or tuo, imoring tha nrisoner ccrietely. Inporsonel treetzent contiracd, but ho nov bogrn to reecizo food end a privató coll. Cn or cbout ti:o 5th doy tho pricszor vas civèn yon end papor end instruated to prep re a personel history Perort. To Cerlincl vroto eno of tuenty lince. Cia vas stnt to Wl uäera it ves given caroful ctady nd nalo a basis for dielecticel ctteok. Thio is m iuortent port of tho prepsraticn of a priconer. Hch yoint in tho person:l history is ercued cbout calosely, bYou sy yu ero a peocrntvell vasa't yeur fathar, oto.", cnd coins frez this into cenontio snd political iscuco. This noy go on fcr days until tho priconer, cho has bocn cut off fron huon coutzet rnd not cllcvel to sposk en tho isue Tor tuch ho vas rrested, dogins to loult his oun ability to think cnú czproos linsolf. Cix full dayst izterrogetion cnd dialcetic ergucant vere ex; andcd on tho 20-lino porsczal hiotory statanent of HInszLaY. HInDsZTYtg confidenco vas consicorahly shokca st the nd of thia tino, bat he rofuscl to siga tho stztozcnt of polico to tho effcot that ha Lel licd in his porconcl history ctaterent, Aftor this, téninictraticn of "at"vas bozn cn 4 Jczuary ly epcoial possietlen of Zalsox cnd prccesning by YoLozes and RA initiztol.. Cn tho Cth of Januery, VOZGnEsoY dictuted to RLDoZLiaY (uhilo wnder hrnnosls)n tiro to thros page lize history. GABcR, Peter shoved this to slAn uho imnedictely idontifiel tho docuzent es one exocuted Lhile NImbsoaY ves in en abnorisl conlitian, probably urier hpnocis, (uich CsnR rscdily anitted) Since this docmnent uas aoclcso for poblication end tEmscnrY veo proving diflicalt, snothor coaforence vas held in the police laboratory, rorponnibility for forgries pmd Lanaling of trial procolure having, in the intorin been cenaolidatod in tho Bal ena tho crius laboratory,lor both cririnel end political triels. At tho-tino or this nootiug ASZDAICS, Colonel Goorge, end CSZEO, Colorel Cnule, Party Couissers in the Hinictry or Interior, stated to source that.they vero an yet uacblo to ket a setisfactory coorrcaico or damarizg stztencat fron KliDssmiiY and it vould, thcrafoze, de necessory to continae proccnsinc. Shoy vero perturbed bocauso the Nusaisn eperts hocäcd by Tlsco7 vero ispatient end a neeting vas csllcd vith the Dussicns to dccido visthor (e) to turà the wholo nattdr over to tho Dussian eperta or (b) to continns vith Luagarian facilities. Tho Enngericns vero villirg to ccntinue boccnco of ozporionce cnd foniliarity vith the losguace tut the tzaucht of failaro ves a letorront. Be Lussians vero proparcd to Co shoad tat they clo did not wznt to risk tho concequances of failure. To attor vas referred to Noccou cnù docision vas zede thot tho eporetion sns to be Runrarian, tut unuer luscicn quidanco. Phis nestieg vas ccllcd on or tbout 10 or 1l January i9h9.  Fron this point on NSzn vas left to the pachclcrists.. le vas peraittca to vrite lottors cnd brd a poecial coll at ¿nárassy Street éo vhich vas cegregated fron tha rumninior of tho prisen end provided vith mpeciel passoge to iuterrosation rocns. Frca this tizo cn he vas not ceon by other priscaera or any tut his apecial gucrds until tho day of tho triel.

On Jamery 26 tnd 27 the prosccutor, AapY, Julius, in cccord vith lav, went to tho prison to civiso HlbszinY that the lattor vas nov in

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cuctody of tho ccart:cnd to inquira if tho prlconor hed coy ney statcncats to nko. ALsrI lcter atztca to CsoliA, Belz, the ofiicial ccurt novo corrospondcnt, that at no.tiro hed Lo ccon cnyono ng apathctic, uncmotional snd Cetached as tho priscnor.

Cn 2nd Yebruary HirDszinY ves taen to tho court yricon. The ususl ccurt gusrds voro relicvca by Bai'cuarãs cnd for tha first tire in tho history of tho curt doth court poychiatrist Katus cnd the psyoholociot. BALaAsSA, Vloclos, vere exoludcd fron the builling for tha darition of tho triel enl prchitited fron syecding to the priconer. It vas furthor orderod thet no rhoterrahg be tetca at tho trial ozcept of designatel erosg.\* Tha Ceteils of tho zcssisior cE tho tvicl uay be cotten fron published ntcrial.

The entira precedaro deroribed by sourccs, tho ctacing of tho triel end the bohavior of tho dcfenásnts are rll concistcnt vith byprotio coatrol, doth ia tho proparction cad in the coartroon tohavior.

Tha prohibited creas for photogrohy were thoso occnpied by the azserts cnd the colico scction. Source on 4 February, in sezrch of the Chiof Frosecutor, entorcd loco cnd sav in the scction for police and experts a lcrge nanber of Eosion officials andycilitery.

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Possiblo Mssien Alplication of Speciel lethodo

To possible npplicatlon of spceirl nothods to cotiviet Fis end econts vas iavasticeted by tua noons, (n) strcight intorrogetien ef cono 200 to k00 Pyo rnd (b) strricht end opcsial intorragation of 10 or 12 cuspçoted acento.

. Kang of tho Pl's voro retuming fron a mwaber of tatifa cchools, including lga. 'iflia and Krenagorsk. Toro vas no ovidenco that o of tho Po hl, reccived spccial troctoent. Sho /ntifa ccuroes, uhich usaally oxtondcd for froa thueo to sight conths, voro of tho conventionalyittern alrocly voportod. Tho Fia voro 90 disaffceted fron the /ntifa training by tho tizo they resched the bonler cnd of the roncining all bat if of tho original becono discffectal later.

Amons tho ascats prceasscd dy eno eéthed or cnother coro tuo H0 officors, threo Coudled Russien ecents, a Csceh and sevorel doubtiul lou-lcvel confusioa ecenta. In aalitional umrber of Dcnicis vere iutorrogated end revieued paychologicelly for cridence of spesial processine. The raslts in all caces vere negative, theso heirz no ovidonce of proparaticn by spsoial nethodo and indeed thore vas no kovielge on tho port of ay agonts of tho applicaticn of cpecial pothods of intorrocation by the Runsians as ayplird to prisoncrs or suspected scents. Details of nothods of prycessins and rocomionded tochaiques vill bo pcdo the cubject of a ceporato roport,

AYEDIX B