[PAGE 1]
KIOTTRA Subproject

DNOECD OPXK LEST

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Grant of \$?2, 716,62 plus S245o,01 fren

I certifz h!cerials bvo been satiotaotorizpaditurea vero ineurrel cn ciliain!.tss. A

Dato: /2/64

92-2

FINA. MCOINTING

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Memorandun to

Subject:

Teaching Machine Project

A final accounting and report will be fortheoming on thisr

project when it is coapleted. In the meantime, Dr.inforns

us when he is need of a payment and that is forwarded to hin.

The status on this project is as follows:

Total received:

\$22,716.62

Anounts forwarded: Junè, 1959 5,679.62 February 1960 5,000.00 August 1960 5,000.00

15,679.62

Balance in the account to date \$7,037.00

I certify that this is a true statemont of the status of this

project.

0

September 19, 1960

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Tor on lor yeop lotter o? Pelruoy Cth. ne are all eled to ke r dat pour nok is regorsing. 1

clcok in tha acout of Paolbeed plevce ird 35,coo.c6 ss yea pe poostod. ao utl nos sead any Dorther Dends uatsl yen :ein ropuest tiez.

Snecrely.

25C.

Foornuy 11, 1950

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Wa have revieved Dr2id propoocl for a gtudy of a teaching pehine. In this prexoeal, he stated ihat vil1tnz to Govelop the teachirg urchire at on cstitated cost ol s10,000. ne.  (rotos us coerectly. le would ba plonsed to collaborate in this study ond cosict ia cosimiag urd cncineeeing the Lachino which would bo recuinod. I do not think, hcvever, vo could justiry porticipating in this co: trcct in car rolo vcro liaited cololy to tho dosign and fabrication of the firet taohine.

O.x interect in teachin: mnohinop stens.fron qur profescional concern in Lio ares of colied poychology and cõuçction, We believo that tha develoant or tevahir: nchies is of lo g-rvse impcrtanco to the ricld of poycoloy, end ao an organization cctive in this field, və ere itoreoteà in thoir potoatialities, Deccuse of previcus associations vith 2 De.ve would be pleased to, collaborate vith hin in developnental week in tria field. But uleue itrere clerly underotocd at. tha outset aons you or onisaticl, D, and ouroolves that voala be cxrted to rave a contiuing interast in the developient aud voald be froe, iu any cvant, to utilize the krowledge acquired cs a rooult o. cer partieip-tion, ve cedd. not justify assigning personnel and foeilities to taie dezelcreatal. wevk wder this eoatract.

Tn) ccoertial faet do thit thiet rio rot in the rauthoturing os cghoria, businocs. Vo do have a taboratory, the fucilities of uhich v: croloy fee iba develenant ond improveont of equipment or veh dn t.isld o?  erozogy. If vo verid o tho deatn of a teochin vebine, t. voek vsts a done in oue lboratery, oud one or tha eeiterie. vo e  sly uren neleotl  tes to ba dono thero io that dt is liloly to bo of pe  to

April 9, 1952

B

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Toe this reveon. v, vould want to bo aosured in edvance that ve veuld chare eouitably in cay or the patonts or cooyrichto vhich might ro\~ :sult frcn seoha join. proizct. liost ippoctently, we woulà bo irterected ia the tv vre uorizving or any such device erd tho publication and distritutlon or tay tacehiaz matorials wiich voauld bo need vith it. -3

If crraazannta to achlove these coolo can bo vorked out, and ve fosl confido.t Uhat iley can, vo will be very pleaced to collaboroto in the projoet vhloh De. oropoceo. Vo swrest, thoretore, that your or.entzotica ncl ucradie core iarorul coavarostions to vork out the decised arranenento.

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RECEIPT

Recaipt 1s hereby acknowledged of the folloving:

Treacurer's check No, 166h53 in the emount of \$22,716.62,
dreva on ther
payable to

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0

9155

9.3503=75.962

[PAGE 10]
-: MEMORANDUM FOR: THE COMPTROLLER

ATTENTION

: Finaace Divisioa

SUBJLCT

: MAKULTRA, SubproJect 92

Uadar the authority granted in ths Mtemorandum dated

13 Aprll 1953 from the DCt to tho ID/A. aod the extenaion of thie

auttority in sobsequent ractoranda, Sulprojeet 92 has been approved,

and \$22, 716.62 of tho over-al Project MKULTRA funda havo beca

obligated to cover this subproject's expenses and shoule be charged

to A1ctmen 9-2502-75-902

Aperoved for Obligation of Funda:

2 Research Lirector JAPR TENS

Dató:

Pistribution: Osig & 2 JDreosee 1 - TSS/OC 1- TSS/FASB

COTEY WA RE:ARAL OHORRE

4

0

31 March 1959

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MENIORANDUM FOR: Chlef, Finance DIvision

TSS/Budget Officer

SUBJECT

: MKULTRA, Subpreject 92, Invoice No. 1 Al1otmaant 9-2502-75-902

1. Iuvoice No. 1 for tho abovc cubproject is attached. Paymcat chouid be made as follovs:

Cashier's Check in tho amount of \$22,716.62, drawn on ond made payable to 23

2. Please formard the check to Acting Chief/TSS/Chemical Divtsloa throuch Tss/Bedget Oilcer by Thursday. 2l May 1959.

3. This is a fipal invoice, However, since it is anticipated that adaitional fuads will be obligated for thio projoct, the files should not be closed.

TSS/Chenical Dlvision

Attacbnents:

Invoice & Certificatioua

Distributton:

ILESOTY THAT PUINOS ARE AYALANS OSIGATON RUUARCE NO. F15S OV10 100 o. 9-2262-75-902

$$
( ) \because \vdots = \vdots \vdots = \vdots \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow \downarrow
$$

$$
\therefore T ^ { \prime } = T S S / E A S E
$$

19 May 1959

AUTHORIZING OFFICER

CHECKéÉN THE AMOUNT OF S.2Z6AR

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TSs/Chenical Divialon

MiEMORANOUM FOR: Chef, Financo Divislon

VIA

: TSS/Budget Officer

SUBJECT

MKULTRA, Subproject 92, Invoice No, 1
Allotmcnt 9-2504-75\~902

1. Iuveice No. I for tho ebove eubproject is ettached, Pay\* mont should bc made as followa:

2. Plcaco foroard the check to Acting Chief/TSs/Chenical Division through T55/Bedget Officor by Tharaday, 21 May 1959.

S. Thls is a fhaal lavoice. However, since it is enticipated that adoitlonal fuads will ba obligated for tble project, the files should not be closcd.

Attacunents: Invoica & Certifications

Distribution: Orig & 4 = Aduressce

1- TSS/FASB

A-TSS/CID

TSS/CD/(19 May 1959)

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92-10

19 May 1959

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For Sorvices

CERTIFICATIONS

(l) It is hereby cortificd that this is Invoicc f1 applying to Subproject No. 92 of MKULTlA,that performance is satisfactory, tbat services are belng accompliahel in accordance with mutual agrcements, that a detailed agenda of the payuicuts and reccipts is oa file in TSS/CD, that this bill la just and correct and tiat payment thereof has not yet been made.

Acting Chief, TSS/Chemical Division

Date:

(2)-Itis hereby certificd that thia invoicc applies to Subproject No, 92 of MKULTRA. vrhich rvas duly approved, and that the project is being carxied out in accordaucy with the memoranJum of 13 April 1953 from the DCI to the DD/A, aad the ertension of this authority in subsequcnt memoranda.

Rcsearch Director

92-11

INVOICE

\$22,716.62

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MEMGRANDOM FOR! THE COUTROLLLR

ATTUNTION

I Fiaznce Divistoa

SUBJECT

: MKULTRA, Subproject 92

Uróor the autority tranted in the Memoraadan. dated

13 /pvil 173 froa the DCI to the I D/A, aad tha extsosloa ef this/

authoriy ia subsequect msnoraada, Sutprojoct 92 has been spproved,

anl 23,715.64 oftho over-all Project MkULTRA funde heve been

obligattd to cover thle cabpxoject'o expoases end chould ba cherged

to A1i1acet 2-2502-75\~904

Aperoved fer Cbligetton of Fuoda:

Rescasch l.irector

Uete:

Disrtoatient

$$
\{ 2 \} \Im \{ \cdots \} \stackrel { \cdot } { \cdot } \hat { \mathbf { x } } \equiv \tilde { \Psi } \stackrel { \cdot \cdot } { \cdot } \tilde { \mathbf { x } } = \tilde { \Psi } \stackrel { \cdot \cdot } { \cdot } \tilde { \mathbf { x } } = \tilde { \Psi } \stackrel { \cdot \cdot } { \cdot } \tilde { \mathbf { x } } = \tilde { \Psi } \stackrel { \cdot \cdot } { \cdot } \tilde { \mathbf { x } } = \tilde { \Psi } \stackrel { \cdot \cdot } { \cdot } \tilde { \mathbf { x } } = \tilde { \Psi } \stackrel { \cdot \cdot } { \cdot } \tilde { \mathbf { x } } = \tilde { \Psi } \stackrel { \cdot \cdot } { \cdot } \tilde { \mathbf { x } } = \tilde { \Psi } \stackrel { \cdot \cdot \cdot } { \cdot } \tilde { \mathbf { x } } = \tilde { \Psi } \tilde { \mathbf { x } }
$$

$$
h - \mathrm { T S E } / \mathrm { O C }
$$

$$
\frac { 1 } { 2 } \times \frac { 1 } { 2 } \times 5 \times ( \frac { 1 } { 2 } \times \frac { 1 } { 2 } \times \frac { 1 } { 2 } )
$$

$$
z - \mathrm { T S S } / \mathrm { C D }
$$

TSS/CD(31 March 1959)

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92-12

-31 Marcb 1959

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MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD

SUBJECT : MKULTRA, Subproject No. 92

1. The purpose of this project is to explore the usefulness
of mechanization in foreign language training. It will involve the 1
"programing" of  language raterial for most effective learn ing and will include the testing of such an epproach on hman subjects.
This work is undertaken in response to a requirement éstablished by the Office of Training. C

2.Dr. a psychologist and linguist of Ahas submitted the attached. proposal and budget to the covering the necessary research. B

3.  The Scciety's intereet in international communication and intercultural phenouena generally, and its support of other projects B involvingindividuals and institutions should provide cover for its participation in such a project.

4.. Funding and supervision of this project will be handled by in the regular manner. Accounting for the funds expended will be according to the B procedures previously established for relative to granto to uwitting agents. Any unused funds remaining at the conclusion of the project will be returned to the Agoncy. Travel funds will be

92-13

B DRAFT/ 30 March 1959

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accounted for in a. manner consistent with the esteblished practice

5. The total cost of the project wil1. be \$22,716.62. Ch..ges

should be made against A11otment 9-2502-75-902.

6. Dr.  is approved by the Agency for access to Top C Secret materiul.

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS:

3-97 Date:

Distribution: Original only.

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PROPOSAL!

Interest in the teaching of rnodern foreign languages has increascd enorously in the last decade. Among recent indications of this surge of interest bave been the provisions of the National Defense Education Act of 1958 for increased support of fcrcign langnage teaching and research, and the recommendations of the "Conant report" (The American High School Today, by James B. Conant) to the effect that talented high school students should study four years of a foreign language.

In seeking to make a contribution to the ficld of modern forcign 1 language tecaching, the writer's previous research efforts have been directed toward improving the selection of trainees and toward measuring the success of training. Even with the best possible methods of selecting trainees and measuring their achievement, however, the quality of the training given to the students is the most important factor in the ultimate success of language training programs, whether in schools and colleges or in governrnental agencies.

Cousiderable interest has lately been evinced in the possibility of supplementing foreign language instruction by means of purely automatic "teaching machines" which would provide optirally "prograrnmed" instruction. Ths central features of such macbines would be : (a) arrangements for the sequential presentation of the material to be learned, broken dowa into relatively small units 'and graded in difficulty; (b) provision for appropriate responses to be made by the subject; (c) programming of the sequencing of the presentation as a function of whether the subject's responses are correct or not; and (d) a maximal degree of linkage between the machine ard the learner, Because of these features, it is believed that learning mnight progress rnore rapidly and accurately with the machine than under the usual conditions of learning. It is hoped further that properly desigoed machines can surpass in efficiency such rclatively simple devices as the tape recorder.

As suggested by Porter's review (2), the idea of autoratic teaching machines is by no means new. Some years ago, Pressey, at Ohio State Uaiversity, developed an instrument for automatic "self-testing." During World War II, the Special Devices Ceoter of the Navy Department exploited a number of self-teaching mechanisms. An article by B. F. Skinner of Harvard University (3) was probably largely responsible for the present interest in teaching machines. Skinner viewed the problemfrom a somewhat novel angle, i.e., in terms of (a) breaking the behavior to be learned

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into small units, (b) applying appropriate schedules of reinforcement, and (c) utilizing "prompts" in such a way that the availability of correct responses for reinforcement was enhanced. Skinner and others have deyeloped and used teaching moachines with considereble success in connection with the teaching of physics, psychology, arithmetic, vocabulary, and spelling.

Very little has been done wit h the teaching of foreign languages by machinęs with the automatic features of those used in the studies just mentioned, partly because the content being taught could be presented solely by visual display. There is a published account by Ferster and Sapon (l) of teaching a foreign language (Cerinan) b a very simple device constructed in accordance with Skinner's principles, but these investigators sought only to teach a knowledge of the written language. For foreign language teaching, correlated visual and auditory displays would obviously be desirable. It is true, of course, that various kinds of arrangemoents involving single-channel or dual-channel tape recordings have been employed extensively in so-called "language laboratories" connected with foreiga language courses, but these machines do not have the programmed and automatic features which are.central to the Skinner-type teaching machine.

It is the intent of this proposed researeh to explore the possibilities of developing a practical and efficient teaching machine for various aspects of foreign language instruction, to investigate what phases of instruction are best suited to teaching by machines, and to discover principles for the "programming" of material for most effective learning.

References:

1. Ferster, C. B., and Sapon, S,M. The teaching of Gerran by an automatic teaching device. Harvard Educational Review, 1958, 28,

2 2. Porter, Douglas. A critical review of a portion of the literature on teaching devices. Harvard Educational Review, 1957, 27, 126-147,

3. Skinner, B.F. The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 1954, 24, 86-97,

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2

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BUDGET

Salaries and Consulting Fees:Priucipal Investigatór............\$3,000.00

Research Assistant
Secretary and Clerks ……\$5,216.62
Rxperimental Subjects

Services and Supplies................. \$11,(00.00

Trave1\$1,000.00

Fent and Overhead .\$ 800.00

Total , \$22,716.62