[PAGE 1]
JWCC0S OF2OX L100

[PAGE 2]
To study croso culturat mesedng oyatems as a techaieal Puxposol eugport to politeal activities (MUL/TRA 95).

Oblgottoae epproved in March and July, 196l. (Tta is tho εocond yoar of oupport for work that vas expocted to teko threo years.) B

Gontractort

Cost. \$63, 390. c0 (Provious yeax\*s budget wes \$56, 500, 00).

Etotuo: Coatiauing on schedute.

WK

[PAGE 3]
MomotoA

C Re: Accounting

Attached please find a copy of an accounting from d This is a summory accounting for the years 1960 through 1964.

We have received a check in the amount of \$5, 921, 02 from tand this has been deposited to our Regular Account rather than Speciol becouso we need the money.

You can clear this one out now.

Best rogards

Q

95-3

July 13, 1964

[PAGE 4]
TERENAL ACCOUNTINO REPOR JANUARY 1. 1060- APRIL, 30, 1034

Receipte;

Direct coats: Personnal Retiremcnt Workmen's compsnsation Permaront equipment Expautablo cupplies: Travel Othar qxpon3os - Hocoreris - foroim staff Computer Plenning corferenco

76 38232 787 20986 10
41
17 667 64
6 998 01
11 876 59

Total other expshse

Totsl direct costs

Totat rocoipts over dircct costs Lene iadiract costs

Caph bslance, April 30. 1054

Thia report wzs preparcd ia and agroas vith ta records of tho Lcconnting Divtsioa of

I certify that servicos or atorlals havo been satisfactorily roceived ath oxponditures Rero incurred on officladabslneee.

C 1527 83, 1064

36 543 34

161 683 81 001 25 170

[PAGE 6]
Apri1 15; 1964

AHere are some more goodies:

M requested an accounting on which.L
attached. Healso requested an accounting from I have written to the University for it on

Also, attached please find accounting for the year 1963. A

Please give these td There is no need for you to have copies to clutter up your files\_since I keep duplicates here.

One of these days we willbe completely organized andthen we will go out of business.

Best,

[PAGE 7]
Jate 23 July 1962

BranchDCategoryDobsvlor Peedictton and Gontrol (V=b)

Project Title\_Crosa.Cultozal Mooaing. Item ClassificationNooe Syotame

Project Crypto....MKLTRA . Crypto ClassificationNoaa

Branch Project No. -R-72- Project Engineer

Contractor\_

Contract No.MKULTRA 9 Task No.None

Type of ContractMLRA.. Date Initiated. March 1962.

1 Cost\$52,450.G0 Coiopletion MateMarch1963

Purpose: Tho ccopo of this projeet involvea the study of verbel commuaicatioa charvaels betwoon covorat diffarent culhural groups ln some critical goograp'’iiçal arexs. Knovlodgo of the "hiddoa" valaca and cues ia eucd syotera is of intoreot for propaganda end other purposes.

Status: :Tho etuáy lo on schedalo la ito foal (thtrð) yoar and will be complotod αa echoduto. Data from ebx countries vill bo avallable.

95-6

[PAGE 8]
RECEIPT

Receipt is hercby acknowledged of treasurer's check No. 0001032 C
drawn on thev B
dated May 1, 1962, payable to the
in the amount of \$35, 009. 20.

Date107y126

[PAGE 9]
Cost Account2125-1390-3900

Object Class

No1861

[PAGE 10]
MEMORANDUM FOR. THE COMPTROLLSR

ATTENTION : Finance Division

SUBJECT

: MKULTRA, Subpeejectf9S

Under tha authority granted in the macmorandum Cated 13 April 1953 from the DCf to the DD/A, and the extenaion of thie surhority in subsegeeat memoranda, Subprojeet 95.bas boes approved, and 635,909.20. of tho evez-all Project MKULTRA foaćs have been obligeted to cover the subproject's expeancs and should be chargod to coat center 225-1390-3902

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION

OF FUNDS:

CTEY DATROS AN AARAA
86 w2/25-1390-3902

Chlof. Tochnical Scrvicen. Divioion Dne:

Datributond

Oriael  3  Addrecsso 1 - TSD/FASS :2 - TSD/RB

Date: 22.March 1964.

[PAGE 11]
16 Apell 1962

MEMORANDUM FOR: CHEF, FINANCE DIVISION

VIA I TSD/Budget Officer

SUBJECT : MKULTRA, Subproject 595, Invoice f4, A11otmaeat 2125-1390-3902

1. Iavolce f4 covoring tho above subproject is attached. It is requested that payment bo mado as follows:

Cachier's check ia tho ataouat of \$35.009.20. drava on a local baak, payablo to B

2. Tho check ghould be forwarded to Chief, TSD/Roseaxch Bronch, through TSD/Budget Officor, as sooa es possibie.

3. Tht, is a fnal involce. Hovever, since it is anticipated that additioral funds vil bo obligated for this projcct, tho files shoull not be closed.

Chief TSD/Rerearch Branch

Attachmerta: Lavoice & Certificationa

MNstribution Grig à 2 » Addrossea

CHEOK# IN THE AMDUNT OF S 2001037 35009.20
REDEIVED. 1

[PAGE 12]
CERTIFICATIONS

(I) lt is deraby coraáed that tbis ia Iavolce spplying to 95 ef MKULTRA, thst pevlorm2sco is
Subarojeet No.
sctisfactery. that corvicea sre being accomplished to accordanse wita zuiual egreemonto. theé a dststled agenda of the poymonts and rcreipis io ca Ulo in TSD/RB. that this bill is jast ead correct and that payuncnt theroef has not yet bcea moade.

Chief. TsD/Reacereh Branch

(2) t la bereby cerüfied that thio tavoice eppüies to Subproject 95 ef MKULTRA vbich was duty oppreved, and sèat the project ts bsing esrried ont in accordsnco wátà the memozasdum ef 13 April 1953. from Ce CDI to tho DD/A. sed tte catencion cf thia avbority ka eit3equcat memorande.

Chtof, Techntcel Services Divisioa

9510

For Servieos

\$35,009.20

INVOICE

[PAGE 14]
SUBJECT : Project MKULTRA, Subproject 95

1. The purpose of this Subproject is to support for an additional year the work of C B

in the field of cross cultural meaning systems.. Although this fundamental work is being carried out within an abstract conceptual, framework, its results can be directly relevant to Agency nd the technical Gupport of political problems in
activities.

2. When this project was proposed, it was anticipated that the work would take three years. The work has progrcssed ■ very satisfactorily and, even though expanded in scope, has remained on schedule. The second annual progress report is attached,

8 : 3. This project will be funded through

for security and cover purposes and the accounting for funds expended in it shall confortn to the established practices of that organization, It is not anticipated that any peruanent equipment will be required for the project.

95-11

29 March 1962

MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD

[PAGE 15]
Travel funds expended under this project end normally 4. shall confora to the reimburseable by accounting practices of that orgenization.

5. The total cost of this program for a period of one year is estimated not to exceed \$50,450.00.Unexpended funds, amounting vill te applied to \$15,140.80 and held by to the 1962 request. Therefore, the net cost of the project for the year wi11 be\$35,009.20.. Charges should be made egainst Allotment 2125-1390-3902.n

hholds an Ageney covert approval. All other 6. project personnel are vnwitting and the project will be conducted as an acodemie research\_program.

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FURDS:

9511

-2-

O

Distribution: Origtnal only

[PAGE 16]
April 2, 1962

Dear

Enclosed is copy o accounting which should be attached to renewal requesf Toft'with you last Wednesdoy. We had sent you a copy of 'progress report on January 5, 1962. C

The coshier's check you wonted sent should have arrived at its destination foday.

Enclosure

[PAGE 17]
This is a true statement of financial status as reported to us.

I bev cd ee oved tho cobaitted eapevdi6c.cn.

1 T&s/eh cical Btviston

1 //

[PAGE 18]
February 27, 1962

B accounting Jan. - Dec, 1961

Total Expenses for. 1961\$ 61,230.59

C This\_is\_a\_true statementaof/the expended-and obligated funds of tho grant for 1961 as shown by the University,

C

Prepared by C

I havo examtned and apzrovod the submitted ,expondiíures..

C:iof TSS/Choaical Divlston.

Daten 4/8/2

[PAGE 19]
Receipt is hercby acknowledged of the following check;

Cashier's Gheck No, 2-064726, dated Auust15, 1961, in the count.of \$48.300.00.-drawm.on pavable to the:

95-14

RECEIPT

[PAGE 20]
0

1o: TSO/00

Thls ie a continuation of Subproject No. 95. :

A. Parposo of Projeat: . To etudy crcaa cultural retainz Byotems.

8. Frojoas Nonitort

[PAGE 21]
SUJET : Project MKULTRA, Subproject 95

1. The purpose of this Subproject is to support for sn C additional year the vork of B in

the field of cross cultvral. meaning systems. Although this fuoda
mental vork is being carried out within an abstract conceptuel
fregework, its results-can be directly relevant to Ageney. problema and the technical support of political activities
in 2. When thie project was proposed, it was anticipated that
the origioal vork would take three years.  The planned vork is on
schedule and the resulte have been very eatisfactory.The first
annual progrens report is attached.

3. This project will. be funded through the eor security and cover purposes and the accounting for funds expended in it shall couform to the eatabliched practices ofthat organization.-It is not anticipated that any pertaanent equipaent will be required for the project.

4. Travel funds expended under this projeet and normally fhail confor to the reimbursraola by accounting prctices of that organization. B

95-16

DRAFT/A

8 March 1961

MEHORANUM FOR: THE FECORD

[PAGE 22]
S. The total cost of thio progrea for a periol of one yeer is estimated not to exceed \$63,390.00 as 1ndicated in the budget attached. However, at the present tino the project will only be extended for a period of foux uonths.. The cost of this project for this poriod will not exceed \$15,000.00. Charges ehould te made against Allotaent 1125-1390-3902.. It 1s enticipated that the remainder of the funás for\_the.projectyear vill be mede available from Fy-'62 zoney vhen availeble.

6. olds an Agency covert approval. All other project pereonnel are urwitting and the projeet vill be conducted as an acodenic research program.

AFFROVÉD FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS:

Chief TSD/Research Branch

Date.

APPROVED FOR ADDITIONAL ODLIGATION OF FUNDS; (\$48,390.00 againot A11otment 2125-1390-3902

Date

Attachnent: Budget & Progress Report

Diatribution: Original Only

[PAGE 23]
Cost Account. 1115- 1390. 5902

Objeet Class

0

C

[PAGE 24]
HEHONANA POR: TSE CORTROLLEH

ATTEITION

: Flnance Division

CURECT

MVTRA, Sudproject 95
Adaitloasl Authorigaticn  3

Uoter the euthosity cronted in the meaorandua dated 13 April 1953 fron the Dl to the pD/A, apd the extension of thie euthority in svb-\$3,3)0.co sequent cemorania, Subproject 95 las deen approved,. and. of the over-sll Projeet NULTRA funds have been obligated to cover the 2125-1300-3202. subprojoet's experses end should to chergeá to. coat, covter

AFPRONEO FOR OELUGATION OF FLNDS:

1 CERTIEY THAL PUNDS ARE AVARADLS GALIGATION CERINCE NS. 149 S10 250

1410

Dete:

piotritotiou: Octcinel & 2  Addreasee : A - TSD/FASS . 2 - TSD/RB

95-18

Date: 11 July 1961

AUTHORZING OFFICER

[PAGE 25]
REMORARDUM FOR: CHIE, FILAOR DIVIRICA

: Teo/acégat Qfsieer

touxn, Subprojoet 95, Invoiao \$3
A11otasnt 2025-1390-3702

1. Invodea 3 covoring the ebovo sulpnojeet io sttached. It is requestod dat peysent be sade as follovat

Ceshior's chosk in 1ha.esount cf Sh9,320.00
crcvn on c rsyable to ano 8

Che chocz stoull do forvarted to Chiol, Too/Rassereh Beoeh, troozh so/iedgat Gricor, no Aster tan 11. Avgnst lç61.

3. 5his is a firol invotco. Eovevar, sinco it is cniioivated that caaitionnl fuds vlll bs oolicated for this projoct, Uhe rilzo chovlà not ba closed.

Chier 580/Boscarch Bronch

8 AUG
1951

Attochronto: Tevelco & Certifiootioaa

1 CERREY LHAT SNIOS ANE AVARARLE ORUGTEN MEEE

p1otrlbubfco1 Geta d 2 e te3roasãa 1TSD/FAES 2 - TSD/RB (f11e)

17 July 1961

三

95-19

17 Jo1y 1961

AUTIKOR-ZING OIFICER

A

[PAGE 26]
17 J0ly 1961

FOHDUHDR FORI CHSF, FILASOC DIVTUION

VIA M/audgat Cfficor

iEntTRa, satrzojeat 9, Invoico f3
A110tsent 2125-1392-3902

: 1. lavoice €3 coverinz Ohe above subprojeet io sttcehed. It io reqaated Uat yeyxat bo mado cs follcust

Cecbier'a clacis 1nda anout of (h3,390.00 to B B

.2. Oho ctzek should to forvariea to Cato, Mo/Reseereh Sroush, through Kaftulset orficor, no Jator tan 1 Auguos 1ç6l.

3. This is a Tinol irvelco. Povevex, olneo it is enticizated that coutiooal Aels vill bo odltatod for this project, tha cilea ahqulà not te cloced.

Chtef 200/Rogeared Brench

Attchontot Involee à Certiciestions

ptctelutlenu Crisa 2 e 1hreeseo

CHEDR2767 AHCUNT DF GZ RECLIV.

95-19

S165

[PAGE 27]
CERTTFICATIORS

(1) It is hereby cortificd that this io Invoice\_3applytag to sub-project Ko. 95 of HLTRA, that performance is eatisfactory, that services are boing accomplished in eccordance vith mtual agxecsents, thst a detailed egenda of the payuents and recelpts is on file in TSo/Re, that this bill is just and correct and that payeent thereof has not yet been tede.

Chief. TSD/Research Branch

(2) It is horeby certified that this invoice epplies to Subprojeet 95 of MvifRA vhich vas duly epproved, end that the project is being carried out in aceordance vith the veweorandua of 13 April 1953 frcà the DCI to the DD/A, end the extensiou of this authority in subeequent nemorenda.

For Services

INVOTCE

433320.00

Recetrch Direetor

[PAGE 29]
O

RECEIPT

Receipt is hereby acknowledged of the followirg check:

Treagurer's Check No. 181h61, dated 3 Apri1 1961, 1n the amount of \$15,000.00, drawn

E payable to th B

aprl 10,1961 Date

95-20

[PAGE 30]
Cost Account11251390: 3912

Object Class .

95-21

[PAGE 31]
KENORAIDUD FOR: OCFTROLIER

ATTENTION 1 Finonce Diviaion

SUBJECT : MUtaRA, Subprojoet 92, Authorisanicn No.2

Voder thà authority granted in the mavoveulua datel 13 April 1955, Croa tha Dor to tho N/A end tha extonoioa of this authority tn subsequent rssorqaãa, Subproject 95 uas previously epprovod. Uoder the cmze authorlty en odéitional eun of\_èl5,000.00 has heoa authorized to covor tha quborojeets expopses, to do clargad agaiuut cost center 1185-1390-3200

Chtef TGD/Rosearch Brench

APPROVED FOR OLIGATZOL GYFUTDS1

CERRY TRAT FUNDS ARE AVALASES 1742
CEIGATION ETEC NO
CHAPGE TO AUC

Date:

DATE: 8 1rch 1961

Dietributioat Orig. 3 2- Addrosoco

[PAGE 32]
IENAANDUI FOH CRET, FTSADD PIVISTGI

Eeo/oulget Ortioer

Suprojeat 97 1aw: 9 22 A1lotecat 1183-2390-3902

1. Imoiea éa coverie tha rboro aatyrojsat ts ottachod. 18 ie roqve=tod that p-yaant to lada oo follosat

2. cheek etoald be foavarlel to Chict, Tsn/ssceareh Freaoh, ttroagt Tso/antzet Ofticer, ro later thay 7 Aeil 1961.

3. Shts io a final invoios. Baover, einco it is cnticipatoà that wdiiticval. Cuals vill ba cbiscatea for this projeet, ths ftios rhoala not to elossl.

Tc/.esoarch Brovch

Atteolrcntar lavotcs & Cerktriesticnu

Piotxluttont Cris à 2 n Addresoee

LC  TTE ZSE AVACADU

1. - TSD/FASS
2 - TSD/E3

C

95-23

23 12reh 1961

[PAGE 33]
O

XTOICS

Fer Serviees

(a) Te is barcby careicied thas thie is Iavedce. 2 scolyieg to cab-projaet E2. 95 18  Aãa, tas perece 16 satistzstery. tae services cro beius scoraliral in eccsciance with tetusl. csreoante, thst a datailad ogeola of the vay ara aol recoires is do fle ia dso/a, trat this bill is joss end corract aoá chat psyavee treraol hao rod yet baan modo.

9

Cater.

95 7a) Is 1s baroby cmtisicd that tbie ievadee cpolies to Subrroject of Mookaa voieh cas daly ouzevk, erl ttat the yrojeet io boing carried oue 1n cceoavaaco vith thy psesandua of 13 Ayoil 2053 frea the Dol to the Co/a, crà tho cateasioa ot ths authoeity in cobsspuzat aaresasés.

lote:.

[PAGE 35]
A PROGRES REFORT: JANUARY 1, 1960 -- DECEMNER 31, 1961 The Cross-Cultural Gonerality of Monning Systems

BUMMARY

The firat voar of roseorch undor our qrant has been devoted prmarily to (a) ostcblishing cqntacta end msking errengevents for collaboration in vartous 1 countries, (b) prepsrirg a basic lst of translotion-equivelent subatantives for eliciting qualifiers in each lenguage to be studied, and (c) collscting and enslyaing dats for Phase I (see below) in most of the countries in our ou original sample. For a variety of reasons to bo given in this report, the nuaber of countries portici: pating in this projact has booa tentatively expanded to nearly double the ocigaal nuabon to handle thie incresso will roquire a reiattvely amall increaoo in budçat for the second and. thirdi yoars of the project, approxtmotely \$7,500 per year for expansion (see budget scction belox).

Prooreas to dste may be sumgsrized as follows; (1) Using groups of subjects bilingual in English and one of six other languages being studied in oûr profect, en origtnal list of 200 \*culture-common\*.substantives has been paired to 100 terms which mcet the criterta of ease and vaiqueness of banslation for all languegas. (2) Elicitation of qualfiers of these substantives, as stimuli in a modified word-cssociation procedure. from 100 junior high school level malos has been accomplished in the fiald for seven countries. (3) Computer analysis of the frequency/diversity characteristics (the H measure) of -the sample of qualifiers haa been finiehed for fivo of these countries, and the fwiàer ordering of qualifiers in terms of H and pht (index of quaitfter stmailarity) has been concluded for four countries. (4) Elicitation of comon oppositos for these ordered qualffiers, to a total of 50 usablo scales, haa boén accompllshcd in the fteld for four of these countries. (5) Collection of data from 200 similar subjecta, with esch scale related diroctly to overy other scale, and factor analysis of these data onhas been completed

[PAGE 36]
for two countries and the U.S. control). Although it is too oarly to report firn conclusions, (a) correlational analysis of the ordering of qualfficrs (by H) as translated, is high (.81) betwecnand English and appears by inspection to be equally high for other samples, and (b) the unrotated factors for and English display obvious slmllarities.

Since Phase I is by all odds the most couplex and time-consuming of the three phases in this research, we feel that we are just about on schedule with regerd to collecting and processing our data. However, to collect and analyse deta from the expanded semple will require the addition of another computer asalstant ! and several field workers (to assist senlor pcople in new countries).

established asy , in Pebruary, 1960; that they should represent "high cultures," by definition literate, possessed of a stabllized and nonnatively-directed language and literature, of a recorded and generally known history, and of an educational systen employing the indigenous language; that they provide a moximum of diversity in both language and culture with a minimal nunber of countries sampled; that they be reasonably accessible relative to cach other; that they have soclal scientists and institutions capable of collaborating in the research.

Accordingly, the following six countries were sclected for study: With the UNITED STATES Cerving as a common control). These research locations dnd the languages represented are given in the upper part of Tablc 1.\_This sample offers six different major C language familles (Finno-Ugric, Japanese, Sino-Tibetan, Dravidian,Semitic, and Indo-European) and a variety of cultures. visite in 人 April, 1960, and the remaining countries in July, 1960. In each country excellent arrangements for research cooperation were obtained,

High interest in this project has been expressed by social scientists from.
a number of additional counuies. Considering that one of our purposes is to develop
comparable instruments for measuring subjective culture, and also that adding to the
number of participating countries does not add proportionately to the expense and
work-load of our own staff, we have entered into arrangements for cooperative
rescarch yith three additonal countries, but under a single senlor monitor trained . erdis resnonsible for collecting data in

95.24

[PAGE 37]
for possible cooporative rescarch with sociol zctontists in thee there, but thore has been no indication of fevorable reaponse to date, With tho where the first phase data collection end Fexcaption of anslystads well undorwey, thase ocditional countries era "undor edvisement." prill depend upon nd l E Work fr C the diroct efforts ofr while in thoce areas toia cpring tnd summera €/Ehag alreedy Kade proliinsry enengsmonts with Land vill luring their visits to

ploto arrongements wmle in hthis Merch; has been a visiting professor in the Dstitute duriog this year end will ba given full instructions before returning home. .In eeçh o thess laet three cesea provistons for a groduote student assiatant vill bo nocesaay.

PROGREHS ON PHASE I

The steps in preparing materials, collecting dsta, and onalysing data for Phase I fall rather naturally Into seven steges. These stagea are describsd beloa, end Teble 2 provides a graphic sunmary of progreas to date in csch country (ereas whare arrengements have not been comnploted are omitted frora this teble). Each of these stegos will be degcribod in tems of fleld method and/or computatlonal procedures and in the order of thstr completion. It will ba notod thet Phase I involvos several exchanges of infonaation betvreen tho field workers and the computational crew .8

Stege l: Pelection of Fasic Jist of Substentivea

Following recoramendations made at
search was made for sources of culturally-neutral (i.e., the so-colled culturefatr" or "cultural untvercal) etimuli. This resulted in a list of 200 selected substentivea as stimvlua itsms to be used in the elicitation of modifier oasociatlons. Grammactical analysos of the relevant languagea vrere perfored to provide a untfora descriptlon, to identify the forms which the modifier-subştantivo reletionahtp would take, to Idontify the rogularizable morphologlcal variattohs, and to establish compatibility with the American data (the so-called noun-adjective relationship). It was taken as axiomatic that all field procedures would be replicatod cxclusively in tho indigenous languege, without reference to tranelation, A

The 200-itom llst was then fleld-tested (in the United States and/ with nativo speakers of each language, both to acqulre assured and uncontested trancletion-equlvalonts, end to Imuaediately eliminate eny tenms which were difíuse, anblguous, vague or othererise culture-bound, Similar tests xore made with smell grouye of10-15Engltsh/X billngusls in thts country (both in Any substántivo and í which tallod to mcet tho translation critoria for any language was eliminated fron the r Hist to bs ueod vith all groupa.

O

O

-3

[PAGE 38]
The resultant list was then further pruned on the basis of varlability, producttve-. ness and further intra-cultural checks of unlfornity. A terminal list of 100 items :. was thus dorived. These items were of an order to yield a high diversity of modiffertypes in tesung.

A parallel study of American colleqe subjects was complcted at this. time, which indicated that the form of the stimulus items did not appear to be a crucial determinant of the quantity and character of the assoclatlons elicited. This.study employed four distirct stimulus-types: nouns, pictures of simple objects, geometrical forms, and zero-types (i.e., no stimulus at all was offcred). Only in the instance of the geometrical foms was there any pronounccd tendency for the associatlons to differ in quantity or character from those otherwise obtained, With this confirmation of the adequacy of the proposed procedures, instructions and forms were prepared for distibution to the field-workers. (A similar study, independently done was later called to our attention, further confirming this finding crossculturally). In the field, spot checks of translation reliability relative to social dialects, idiom and precision were performed. A sketch of the linguistic factors of the entire project was distributed to field-workers.

Staqe 2: Collection of Qualifiers

As each qroup offers a unique moiphology, and as there is a degree of non-uniqueness in morpholoqiçal analysis, the method of eliciting modifierassociations decided upon was to employ appropriate syptąctical frames in each lanquace for the insertion of modifiers relative to.the substantives -- rather than to simply request the correct qrammatical type, Illustrative frames in each language are worked into the instructions for each group. The resultant criterion of acceptability of any qualifiers is therefore relative to the language in question, not to any arbitrary grammatical scheme. Field workers are instructed to use this criterion in collating thelr qvalifier data; simllarly, the field workcrs are instructed to regular-Ize the possible grammatical variants where such features were irrelevant to the semantic nexus of the response.

A group of 1p0 young males (roughly 12-16, equivalent of junior high school) is qiven the instructions and the list of l00 substantives in their own language; to these items they write down the first qualifier (according to the Illustrotive frames given in the instructions) that occurs to them tor cach stimulus. The field worker collates these data, listing all the responses to each substantive (in the orthography of the subjects, in some coses in a standardized form of tronscription -- e.g., for Chinese -- and wlth an English translation) and their frequencies on a single data sheet. The English translations are for information of the computational staff; but are not used in subscquent analyses. These data are then mailed.B

0

95.24

[PAGE 39]
The recotved deta sre thea cerefully ro-screened to check the identity of gremmatically varlable but semanttcslly identical items. Non-cleer modifiers and cleer non-modifiers are discerdod. The rematnder comprlees the population of qualifler typos end fçequonctes from whtch selecton vill be made for oventual congtruction of bi-polar ucales.

Ateae 3: Computatlon of a fresuvney/diverstty Indax

To baslc summery messures are calculated for eoch of the digcovered f mocâfter-typest an indpx of tha total froquency of occurrence for each modifter across the 100 stimulue itonas and en index of the total diveraity of stimulus items olicitng the given modifier. It is felt that these two moaswres are most useful in indicating the rolative "linguistic utllity of oach quelifior-type, as they take into eccount both & qualifier's emission frequency and its breadth of usage.

In crder to staádardize and swaraerize the total effect of these two inices, the entropy measure, H, is calculated for ench quolifier-type. The quslifiers having the highost H thus display the greatest overall frequency and generality of usage, and quallfiers thus renked (and translated into English) cen be compared ecross all groups. Data already collected and analysed in this manner Indicate thet the H-ranked qualifiers are well correlated in transletion. (Trenslation comparabllity doos not roquire 1:l correspondence -- vhich is prectically imapossible.=- but rather the reprssentation of extremely. clrcuascribed "semantic ereas which pormits a comparlson and cortelation procedure such as that employed, and supports its validity). F

The Peerson-product moment correlatiøn coofficient for the first 200 samples was coaputed to be.81 ranked modifiers of the Amedicen and and indicates that the indepandently-derived modifier-types have extraordinarily high translation comparability for the two groups. Although the comparable ccrrelations for tho romaining groupa are still in progress, a redimaentary Inspection of the rew data in hand indlcates that the same order of comparability will undoubtedly obtatn, This reault is of constderable importance; it both validates the procodures egainst certain crituiclsms and, more importantly, substantiates the hypothooized generallty of meaning systems even at the level of selective qualiflor usage.

Stege 4: Selectton of a Ropresentative Sample of Qualiflers

Thua stege involves the proceduros used. to select the basic qualifier liats for ecch group from the population of qualifiers obtained, It is, in many respects, the most crccial part of the Phase I onalysis. Tho seloction criteria must have, aa their ond result, the solectlon of modificrs which fully swaple the range of 'gemantic' dimensions eraployed by the pubjects, and therefore, by implication, psycholinguisticelly comproiensive for the language itself.

O

95.24

O

-5.

[PAGE 40]
Furthermore, it is of paramount importance that ali procedures be analytic, reproducible ubiquitously, and independent of cultural determinants, Informenttranslations, dictionary-trenslations and Glosses do not ansver these requireinents..

After a number of trlals, the correlation measure phi was finally odopted. This measure uttlizes the character of the distribution of the modifier responses to the substanttve stimuli, and indsxes the similarity of that distribution between all modifier pais. This procedure is in many respects similar to the operottonal definition eraployed by some schoola of linguistics, in attempting to dærive an analytic criterion for mnoaning. Tho meaning of any given forn, In this view, bacomes the patter of distribution of the possible environments in which the form appears within the entira corpus. In the present study, the 100 item stimulus list becomes the corpus (i.e., the potontial environment source).

Face validatlon of this procedure was sought by exemining the content of the qualifiers found to correlate highly in distributlon. In the main, items with high distcibutional similarity were those with high judged 'semantic' sboilarity. Although lexical identity cannot be perfectly achfeved, this procedure fulfils the aforemontloned requirements cloaely and was, therefore, adopted. Additional evidence for the validity of the procedure was obtained in the subsequent factoring of the paired adjective similarity mcasures discussed below.

The procedure as finally adopted correlates the distributlonal overlop of esch of the modifiers with its next higher H-ranking qualifier in order. Lower ranking qualifiers with phi coeffictent positive correlations with preceding higher ranking qualifiers beyond the .005 significance level aro discarded, This process 1s continued until 60-70 modifiers are selected or the population is exhausted; each solected modifier being compared with all previously retained modifiors. The selected modifiers constitute the sample of potential terms to be used in the construction of bi-polar scales.

Stage S: Elicitation of Opposites

The aforementioned llst of 60-70 selected qualifiers is now submitted to the field worker for the elicitaton of opposites. The lists are submitted by the field workers to approximately 10 Independent informants who are judged linguisttcally sophisticated in the Mother Tongue. Opposites are selected oa the basis of unantmlty of judgments. Where identical majority antonyms do not occur, items aro ro-submltted to informants on a forced chelce basts. fifty modifiers and their opposites are scught on thís basis. Those in excess of 59 are discarded on crlterta of linguistic simnilority, ambiguity or inappropriateness, where otherwise unanimity has been achleved, but these discards are of itoms in the lower H-rankings.

·6.

[PAGE 41]
Stago 6: Collectea st Csale-en-ccale Folationuhte Data

To essoss the faotortal structurss of the bi-poler scales thus obtainsd, a second saaple of subjects is usod in a palred-sample tasì, (scale-egelnstscale analysis). F

Preliminary investiçationp on tho design of this task have been caried out in tho United States end The preliminery fona smployed all possible cosbinations of patrs of tho 50 scalos, combinaticas veryirg in the ordoring of the scalos within esch pulr end the direction of tho oppositos, This form contsined 4,900 judgaerts obteined from a totsl of 200 sebjects in cacì couatry. Esch judguaent reficctád tho degree of reaningful relationship folt to obtain by tho subject betwosn every scalo and every other scole in tho total 50 scales.

Analyats of the data indicated thot the correlatlons between the normal and reversed crdering woro high, Rellability checks for the Aerican data showed that the rellabilittes for all variations in ordoring of the constituent pair items were unifora end high. These reliabllitiea ranged betvoon I".73 tor=.80. Although the ccrrelatons between conditions in these data were high, it was felt thet one of the conditions -- that involvieg a reveresl of the direction of the scale-opposita-terms -- wes sufficiently low (conelations between judgments obtained for the bl-polar scale in order A-B vith those for order B-A boing between .84 and , 89 after corroction for attenuation) to warrant experlmental control. Controlling for tàts one veriablo and discording control of the second resulted in tha decision to roduce the total judgment task to 2500 itens. This new task haa been : submittsd toand is being completed there and in the UaA. Tho re presentation of this segtent was considered destrable' in view of the changed format of the judgment foras, and as an occasion for a second cross-validation of the shortened procedure. The shortened procedure is also more desirable for fleld techriques.

Stege : Correlational and Foctorial Analysis of Phase I Data

The procedures within this segment are entirely uniform and do not depond upon cultural end/or morphological variability. The scele-on-scale judgments are summarized in the form of meon ratings for cech of the inter-scale comparlsons and returned míor analysis. These mean ratings are then factor-analysed followirg Thurstono's centrold model, after the ancillery inter-correlations between esch of tho ecole mcen ratings and all others have boen computed. The proportion of verionce accountod for by each of the extrcoted factors is inspected and decisions concorning tho number of fectors cre made with regard to the number of factors whioh contribute to a meaningíul summery of the total vorlance.

95-20

[PAGE 42]
The Varimax criterion for crthogonal rotation of fectors is being tentatlvoly employed ln this terminal segment of Phase I. This rotation scheme was chosen because of its empirically-verified epproximatioa to "simple structure" criteria. The technique tends to redistribute variance in the large first factors produced by the Centroid methods more evenly across the total battery of rotated factors,

The coapleted analysis on tho American data indicates that sufficient nurabers of orthogonąl ccales were present in the scale-on-scale task to dtsplay at loast thres distinct fectors. Those ere Identifiable as those componont factors found peyioualz,1.e., those termed Evalustion, Pctency and Activity. Tho unrotatod Sta'display obvious simatlaritss to the American.

It is clesr that the data analysed to date replicote and confima the fipdings of earlier investigattons. In view of the fact that the procedures developed for the present investigation vere in all respects independent of that corller work, these findings are particularly gratiíying. The cnalysea perforaed to date in Phase I also suppor: in all respocts the predicted gonerality of the affective dimensions of diverse cultures. Phase I will be initiated and the USA early this spring, and in several other countries by this summer.

95-24

-8-

[PAGE 43]
BUDGETARY CONBIDERATIONS

Table 3 prezonts a swamery of the expenditures for tho first yeer peried of tho coatrect. It will be noted that a balancg.of \$1,885.30 cver the ostimated hedget for this period was recordod. Thase fúáds ropresent expsnses incurred during the first yoer porlod which have not cs yet boen paid out. Notable among these ss-yet-to-ke-paid expensos are ths fees and alscelleneous expenses for porsonne;. An a consoquence, the balsnce hss not baen eppliod to the succsoding yourg' estimates of exponditure.

Table 4.seeats the svamary of tho original end reviaed budgot ostiaates for ths eecond and third years cf tho contractual poriod. Iteas reprosonting increasas over the original estimotes are deslgnated by ". Tho total increase in requested fads is cstiveted to be \$17,772 fcr the roneining two yeara of the contract. This ixcroase cozsrs the followring anticipated expenditures:

Percgsael:/It is proposed that the salortes of the two full-time contract bs increased by \$500 each, an increace amployees, doomed eppropriato ln view of ths quality of thotr services to date and in keaping with the genəral incrossos in εcadamic-saleries for persons of comparable rank. It is eleo proposed that the salary of thə half-time secretary be increesed by \$450 in vlew of the reaponsibtlittes end character of this poaitton as it has boen defined by the first yeor's work. Regular selary increasos of \$50 have been .authorixed by for all acedemic greduate student assistants and have been noted in tha tahle. It is proposcd thst an additional half-tire graduate asaistant be added to tho contract pergonnel in view of the increased vork load the proposcd sdditlonal aseistant, is a greduate student major in stéüetics with extonsive computor exporience. Her salary as an assistant is fer below that which she could reazonably expect if employed elsewhere.

Retirement end Workmen's Comvensation: The Increase In expenses covering compensation snd rettrement funds follows the total incresse in personnel salarles. The calculations are as noted in Table 4.

Expondable Supplles: In view of the increased scope of the project an additional request for funds for paper, mtmeo stencils and the like amounting to \$500 for each of the remalning two yeers is made. This increase would cover the nocessary paper costa for the extensivo subject forms anticipated to be needed.

Beveral additional assistants will Jonorcrinds bo roquired ineanticipated to be included in the investigation sample.

[PAGE 44]
coaputer facilitiog: The incrense in funds requested for this budget lfnə amounting to \$1,000 for ecch of the remoining two years reflects tho enticipated edditional calculation costs. In teras of the doubled sample aize this increase is rolatively emall. It is onticipatod thet the edditional costs will not ba groat boccuse of the standard and efficiont operatlons already developed for processing the data in the firat year's period. for processing the data in uue u., thus estimated to be

Total Costs per year: The total expected coats ere thus estimated to bo \$8,886 in excoss of the origtéally allocated funds for eoch year remaining.

95.94

10-

[PAGE 45]
NOTES:

lindi will be supplemented with Urdu which is morphologically the same, differs only in seript and scne itoms of lexicon, but presents a religio-cultural contrast.

\*#This national coutrast vill be supplemented by Pashto when methols for dealing with preliterate-literate equivalenaeutesting-have.beenevo.ed.Tho.prcsent contrast is cross-national (nnd historic F

3. "Advisement." refers to several different. type. of status -- gu text.

TANE 1

95.24

[PAGE 46]
Word Sepments of Fhase I Completed' ani in Progress in Rach of the Farticipating Countries

NOTE: See text for identification of work segment nibero. "x" entries indicate work completed, "o" irdicater. wors now in progress.

TABIE 2

[PAGE 47]
TANS 3

Exusodituros Duing lericd Lodaning Jaa. 1, 196o end Foding Joa, 1, 1961

95124

[PAGE 49]
DATs: 6 phrch 1261

FSRAROD FOR : CQNAOLLER

ATTEBATON: ; Pincnco Diviston

SUDJECT

: HlRA, Subproject92,Authorization No.2

Ua2er.ths authority granted in the msnorandua dated 13 April 1953, frea the Dor to tho W/A and tho exteneion of this authority in oubsequent mcsorenda, Sutproject 95 was previovaly appzovod. Uader the eme euoborkty on adäitional sua of\$15,000.00 bas been authorized to cover the gubprojcets expsnues, to be charged againat cost ceater 1125-1390-3202.

Chie? TSo/Roacerch Brench

APTROVED FCR OFLIGATTOR CF FUROS:

Pate:

Diotribution: Orit. & 2 • Mdrosoee

95.25

[PAGE 50]
Honorandun to

Subject:

Attached plcase find a copy of .Progress report and neu
budget indicating an inerease of \$6,C0o,00 over the original estimates
for 1961 and 1962. n

I am alss enclosing a copy of ryelotter\_to ahat was sent in accordance with ry instructions frod

Please expedite. thás proposal so we can keep everything lovely. Thanks.

Ret 1400 1avch 1761

95.26

0

Feb. 24, 1961.

[PAGE 51]
0

Fotrvasy 8, 1061

C ko c cejeying tiasals €avo e3 tae

ss roa kazo to epeañied ia ces esigian gseèias latt Vho Rid fcy a pepotso copese da loamssr. Gtr Esara Eso La tàs Esila

la tha exosttos, la erás to csetet jos, tho Beord of Elr0cc0a 139 10521d 1920vio 8esdo 1a the co28 c4 C0.038.09 dat caeioiaa lee tronzo Gsypse taa baas esdo. E»

Ls oo7a el rave repao to reeeivs2, 8s eill bs cetsietaá to ce Raaãe I laço eate esvaarsase ds csiiclastsy to yos.

Racendy,

95.39

[PAGE 52]
MEMORANDUM FOR TRE RECORD

SUBJECT: Extenoion of MKULTRA No. 95

Subproject No.95, \_expiring.31 December 1960 is

extended in time cnly until the balance of \$10,321.00 ie

expended.

Orig: only

95-28

1 January 1961

[PAGE 53]
95-29

Jaraary 6, 19€0

Sincorely,

In accortnce uith Cur letter of Dacerber 9. 1959, enelosed ple se dind tho cicck in tro anount of \$ll,5t4.75 repro nt'n. the fiat quartzely payzent to your institetion on the eratt vace for Tho Creee Guturai Co perlity of Leaniug Evstes under the directici of

[PAGE 54]
•R te 2o of l4mntors of B tho pro ossl ahe Croes Cultrel caamraiity C yoing yatov" wter Me Corvetáon of àk in the cad or pyet on tho Tirat yeer's gont o: ,46,l79.co ill ba forwrdol to yon cortly atter ths trat of the yeer.

Tho follovine cocdltions orlly to the utalicatioa or. tmoso fundsr

1。 in eeal end Aañorsal preppess pagort to do subátted docirs tho sath ol Teaeder.

2. àn sutuol aocvuntint of Cunds to do ronderot 2or om recoido.

3. Accer tta co. docioo of the rorameb, cny Sunds rezaining l   to 8

h. At the topán.tion or the gemt, crrmngscenta for the disronition of Uhe equgzeena arohasoi váth theso ¿umlo wiu be rxelo.

5 It, at ay joint, Sarttr so.eveh ia t is area ds decued not a.1be ex. eieit er ce woifiaatiy pcoratsble, potálel er dall votity iu orco to negotlsto B cor teráation o? th: raat.

6. ag teolrdeol roports ov punars aèieh cros out o. tie stucies sr otd wvoe tie pant saal ezasaka the Collouáng tocicet e t  e  si n t b a n frn

curp t ta choro eonltice, it ie peprrod tht Crvis bo. er nrl etirely for t2 Rrch de. ntd n. dat to ppokcs aceaue to  nv d.

n5 tare

95-3d

Locasbor 9. 1959

[PAGE 55]
Receipt is hereby acknowledged of the following chcck:

Dato uy 191195G

95-31

RECEIPT

[PAGE 56]
Cost Account0585- 1009 1902

Object Class .

[PAGE 57]
MEORANXN FOR CHTEF, FIRANCE DIVISION

VIA

: Tss/Dudget officer

LUBJECT

4 I7Uon, Subprojeot 92, Invoice \$1 A11otaent 0525-1009=4902

i. Iuvoice fl coverirg the above svbproject is attached. It is requestod that payvent be mode es- followsr

Cashior's chacs.1n.tha.cucunt of\$56,500.00 drawn on 8 yeble to  B

2. Tt3 check shoula be forwarded to Chier, Tes/Chenical Division, throuh Tes/podget officer, no later than 20 August 1959.

3. Tio is a final invoice. Bovevor, sinco it ts anticipated that edaitiooal Aodo vill te oblicatsd for this projeet, the files chould Lot be elosod.

T88/Chcaical Dtvioion

Attaohed; Invoice & Cortifieaticos

Dietrdtutions

CHEDG3 AOUNT LF BSS

O

95.33

7 Augut 1959

[PAGE 58]
CENTIFICATIONS

(1) It is horeby certificd that this.is Invoico ko. 1 epplying to Sub» project No. 95 of Moa, that perrénanco is catisfaetory, that sor. vicos ano being cecoaplishod in sccordenca vith mtual agrezronts, that e dotsilea agenãa or tho peyrents and recoipts is oa file in TEs/CD, that this bill is justad correet cod that peynent thereor has not yat beon made.

Chief, TsS/Chcatical nivision

Datei

(2) It is hereby certificd that this invoice epplics to Subproject fio. 95 of lurerà which vns dnly eyproved, and thet tho projoct is teing carried ot in eccordanee vith tie memorondua of 13 April 1953 froa the Der to the Do/A, and the extonoion of thia cuthority in subseqtert cpnoronda.

Ixte:.

95-33

INVOTCE

For corviçea

\$56,500.00

lesearca Dircctor

[PAGE 60]
PAORNEA51 FO31 COF2A0ER

210510 1 Piccace Dlvisica

EUDJOOP H01a.3,Sutpcojoct 95

Fosor tho euthariiy grorted in Ue mosorardaa datod 13 Apé11 1953 Sra tbo vvI to tha ip/A, md the oxtenaion of this authority in cubosçuent neeorania, Cubprolect 95 tos boen epproved aat &56,500.00 of tho ovor-al1. 10lt projaqt funda Las been chllgatol to cever tho subprojoet's exponsoo.qhís odl1çation o? Cu:24 ahoold to etarged to Allotsent 0525-1009-4902.

Ciier 570/Chesteal Divioion

APTRO0O FOR OUIIGATIO3 0F PUZIGI

Patot.

Distribationt Orig & 2 » Adirecoão 1 - 18s/00 1. TSS/FASB 2 - TSS/CD

TSS/CD./(21 July 59)

21 Jly 1959

A

[PAGE 61]
1C9Ar40te4 TCn The Oirectars

bJECT: Presct Peopoolee Coteary A C

Toeved b o tropeet froz
wiica cutlioca posluto oprooch to bhe solut taic rroblens involvel
In roucelerot cvanicona. ,C C n.

ferore recetving td ara, oval, tha generotldcos cotteloed wers cucstions coy ba rolsod oaun the theodss roavch, las consoitoois, vatioot excepbon, havo Fes ther the prelieirary voda bs cecorelisool. You will nose that the pra cool coll tor coasidercele caeuttatoa in to caaly ghates whtch vill avure goidsn.o ta the soty.

it ls rpsararaded toad thá jroot bs approved for soçpert ky the oclaty for tae finst yeer preli.dsery pbose ln the orount of \$45, 179.

95.35ρ

Cetobur 26, 1959

C Leecutive secretary

[PAGE 62]
Applicution io horoby made to:

For a grant in tho ooount of:

\$142,537

For the period:

froa JANUARY 1, 1960 to DECEMER 31, 1962

For roscorch on:

THE CROSS-CULITURAL GEUERALJTY OF MEANENG SYSTES

To be conducted by:

i Under the diroction of:

Approval Signaturcs:

Project Director

Suporvisor

Financiol Oflicor

Univoreity Authorleation

95<35

O

APPLTOATTON FOR RESEARCH GRANT

[PAGE 63]
T. ODJECTIVES

Tho' cenerol puuroocos o this posecreh cre: first, to obtain Dirtrar cvidonco on tho conomneus of neonin: cyotono acrosa various culturo end lanaoge sropo; socond, to dcvolop, on the baois of this camon centie fraaovori, ctandardized instruonto for moamuring ponuatorial. (subjoetivo) culture in dirxeront parts of tho vorld; and, third, to epply thece instmuonts to the study of ccrtuin eriticol concopts eross-cvlturally. Rescareh alroady copleted (see section II belov) inaicates considoreble sinilarity of conotativo meening factors in croupa as liveroe in both culturo ant Lan nage an Aaoricans, Creekg,. Japanese, ond Kavajo Edians. If this can bo shoun to hola gonerally, then it bocozes possiolo to coastruct "ecmoa yardsticks" for noasuring attitudos, stereotypea ond values held by difforent Jangvage/culture groups in directly ccpaxablo fashion.

Comparisons across culturec, despite diffezences in lenguago, are fensible for naterial traits, like the makins of pottery, but extromely difficult for mout nonotorial culture traits. Fov can ve assess and coapare those, thingo Cor wich longuage is the chier expression vhon there ere no coaon refcronce pointo in languago itself? Ir the lincuistie relativity hypotbesis  tat people who speak differeat longuageo necesvarily think differntly, pereeive the vorld differently, anā even must formulate difreront philocophios - is acccptcd literolly, as it is by sose lin uistics and cnthropologists, thcn such ccmpariuons are iapocsible. Thio may hola for denotative aspecto ox language (the axbitrary "napping" of experienco into the Imngtage coda). It does not seen to hold for comotative aopects of languoce (the cxprossion in larguage of affective recctions to oxperience). The afrective rcactions people nake to events and syabolo are important deterainero or thcir behavior, political, social. and othervise; anl sone method of measuring atfective neening vould, thorofore, be useful.

The irmediato objoctive of tho rescarch for which this Erant is requested is to apply tho techniques alruady dovelcped vith Americons to a systematic investi; ation of mcening ayatoms in oix adáitional countricp differint videly in both lonquage end eultuve (o.g-

. Usin: both monolinual cnd bilingual mubjocts m thete coititries ond Americon control-coroaricon rroups, we will dotcmine the degree of comoss or fector structure, construet somantic differential forms in cach languoge, toot thair comparobility, and then apply thoa to the mccsuronent of coxtain critical coneepts. Dotails of the procedure are rivon in soction III,

Ve have cevorel lon:-rane objectivos. In the first place, the simple deuonctration of a slared ucarntic frasevork, comon to the huan epocios doopite dirforeaces in both longua(o and culture, vould be a con tribution to cocial scionco thcory; it voald aloo indicoto liuitations on the renerality o? Wocr's hyooti enis of lin uictie rolativity. Socondly, we fool that tuio- rooenreh vill bo a contributioa to improved international coxwicetio:i and undazutonding. Tie devolonent or co.gareble moamuroo os vat thins ncon to p oplo, and the fsolntioa of cleor dirrorences in ueniago wd vohuoo vrexo they oxint, crould cecole us to do a botter job or "oottins taough" to ctcer coantrios end coar.tanding Wat they are tryiag; to cey to us. Tirály, o methodologi cal (omdo, tho neacuring

O

95.35

1.

[PAGE 64]
inctruacnts doveloped in thio rosoareh may provide a way of making objective and czlicit toso qubtle ettitudou, mernings, valuos end beliets held by peoples in other cultures vieh anthropologists and political scientists, as vell as obcexvers; travolors, anà forein service perconncl, arrive at by nore implicit and intuitive means, Infonation obtained with such instruento, vhilo not substituting for tho sensitivity such observers have developed, chould serve as a coplenent to thoir smalyses.. Finally, if tho results obtained in the present study of six countrles, doliborátely celected to roorescnt diversity in both Janmazo cnd culture, contirus to indicate the esscntial bameness of resning systons, ve vould hope to put this type or reseorch oa a contimuing basis  to Cradually devolop a "vorld Atlas" of connotativo ncening systons, along vith the translations-eguivelont inotruaento for investigating subjective culture wich can be devisod froi tbis infomation.

II. PREVIOUS RESEARCH

For the past ton yeara menbers of the staf? of B Lcave been vorking on the developnent or quanti tative techmiqves for poasuring mesning. The undorlying louie of our approach has been as follos:, Tho reaning of a conccpt can be represented as a point in on n-dinsnsions:paco defined by a cet of indcpondent (ortlo onal) foctors. pisroronce in mcaning can be roproscnted by the distance betueon any tvo points in this space. Factcr amalysis of the corrolatioas gaong larce mzbers of bi-polar edjectival scales (e.6., cool-bed, herd-roft cmnick-clov. simlo-conlex, predictablc-unpredictable, ete.), ven these ara usod in the jud:aont of sermles of concepts, can be used to detemine tho natual strueture of the peaning opace, i.o., the rajor dinensions in tenas of wich peoplo diseriinato the connota» tions of concepts. In a nuaber of such analyoes, -using different sasplos of subjeets, scalcs anà concepts, three generel factoro have ropeatodly appecred and together accout for about two thirds of the reliablo varianco -- an evaluative fector, a potoney factor, and an ectivity fector. Measuring instrnents, called "cemantie dirforontidls," are dorivod froo these factor analyoos by selectin: a cmoll muaber of adjectivol scales having rclatively li it and pure locdings on tho factors they re" prescnt. Thds ecrly faetor oaolytie work, along vith evaluation of the religoility, validity end co.parability of sczentie Oifforential mcasures acrous both eubjects and ccncepts, is describod in The Neasurenent of Heaning (0sgooà, Suci, and Ttnnenbaua, 1957 scc supplonentol matericls).

Also dcscribod in tbis book are apolicetiong of scanntie neamurcaent in vorious crcas: In the personality nrca it las been used to trace the chges in pooning that occur in pationtas durins; the course of therapy, to neosaro indivilual difrcronces ia te velf-concopt, and in a blind onalysis of a caue of triple porsonolity (ef., The Trco Focoo of Eve, by Thigoea cnd Clecloy). In the oocial aroa, te tociniquo hns beu in otudying attitude chon e, including interaction offeets (e.ß., botcon toureo and topie) vicao eomporcbility in tho neasurenent of attitudes tovord ditrerent cojeeta do cssential. A ntudy wa done by Suel an tho l52 posidontial election, whero it ws pocsibla to identiry sial iccnt diccer.neos in concopt toonins foe Republican cnd Deuoeratie voters pnt ulco to prediot lor "poa't Know" vobors vald finally cest toir ballotu (eleou to nuabor of much votern in the coaple was r.ll, wortasately). Ouis ppliectiona inclio ctultos oa tho de volopont or oqnoatte aiceriination in ehdlaa, poyeholingulstie studion

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a tho scsantic effccts of coabtnins vords into phrases, and studies in tho ficld: of nosthotioo and advertioing.

Our interest in cross-cultural. otuctos gręv out of attompto to demonstrate the stability or sorcntle factor straetare aeross different groupo of quojecte. lorlias vithia the Amoricon calturo end leaguace, vo lad fouad no sigmirieont dirréroncos betueca malos and foanles, botween votero or dfforent party affiliatioa, botwuen peoplo undergoing thorapy and thoco not, or cvon betvoen groups of sehisoohreaies ond natched nornl ccatrols. Tho coot stringent toct of tho genorality of conotntivo neanin3 oyutaas acroso hunep crovps shoutd bo to cacpare poogle tho diffor siaultanoously in boeh lengpago snd culture.

The first otuly of this type vas widortaken by Dr. Kunata (ef., Kmata ond Scbromi, 1956; Kraate, 1957), uoing Jepanese end Koroan, bilingusls and thea Jepanose nonolinguals. The deoiga vas as folloys: (1) A large munber of bi-polar adjoctival ccelos that had been used in foctorial stvaios vith Anorieons vero first tronslatod. into both Jeponese arà Korosn, using ono group of bilingaals, and thon a difforent group of bilia uals tromslated the Jupanece or Koroen mtoriels back into Eaglich. Cnly thoso 'sealos which cunvived this controlled beck-translétion procedure (i.o. wero translation-aquivelent) vore kept Sor Murther use. (2) Two other grcups of Japonose/Rnclioh md Korean/Ençlioh bilingualo judged a cet of conceots azainot thoue ccalos, half o2 cneh groep taking the Fa:lish vorsion Pirst and the trunslation-equivalent notive lenguage version abuatt a month lator ond the other hals vice vorsa; a monolingoal Amoriern control Croup norely took the came test twiee ovor the same interval. lot only vere factorial correopondonces hish for tho bilinguals across Ençlisà end native langaages (.98 or better of a mxiarapozsible of 1.00), but these corréopondoaces vexo as high as for monolinucl Aaericans merely doing the coae taak twice. Ia othor worãs, when the scao individals ere involved, diiforonco in tho Lonçuage code per so has no influonce upon the sonantie factexr structure obtained. (3) Translation-oquivolent foms voxe thon atsinisterod to nonolingual Japonese living in Japan and noaoliaual Amcrlcans living in this coutry; although the factorial corrocpondences vere not os high as for bilinguals (i.e., the nsne individuals tested twice), thcy vore vory high for the firot (evaluative) factor and significont for tvo others (potency and activity).

A scccnd stuly vcs done by Suci (reported in l959), using Navajo, Hopi, cna ¿uni Indions end Nexican-Spanish in oux Scuthwest as compared vith ceporote Anericon controls for ench group (this ws because tho con cepts beias judged dicrerod sauevhat froi croop to (roup). This rescarch vao part of tho Soutaost Project in Cosparativo Foycholinguistico, supported by the Carneglo Feumdation via the Soctal Seionoo Resoorch Cowneil. Tuo éaniaent feetora voro shoun to te eqeoa acrosa oll of these groupo cnd thoir nateed controls - en cvoluative factor cad a potency ractor. These corrospondonces, althonà reaching a satisfectory lavol. of significance, vore not ns hi:à as botuoen Jpanese oud. Aoricans. lovever, sinco rost of these nöjects vero illitorote, the tosts laù to be aâninistered inäividually cad verbally, cnd tho roliabilitioo woro louer.

A third study wo dono by Trirmdis end O.good (1958), comazing menolingual Greck uith ucaolin nat. Ascrionn collogo students. gho beck-

3.

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translation procedures dovoloped by Krata were uoed in dovising the fonas, but the bilingual tost vas not zedo (decned unnccecsary, given tho Japánese end Korean rosults). Vith 20 varied concepts beiag Juocod egatnst 30 doseriptivo sealeo, ana 09 Greoke vs. h3 Amoricons doins the judging, oqwuxe root factor analyses yioldod tirce nnjor correoponding factoro, sacntirisble as evalvatioa, potonoy, and notivity. Che indices or footorial sinilarity vore reasonably bigh (.0), .83, anl .09 rerpeetively), ond these faetors togothor accovntod for 6ls of the total voxiamce in cach group.

Tho cenerelly hirh s/recnont in factors of ccmnotation across lan(vage/euiture (groogs doos not rule œut the possibility of differoncos in the vee:o of partiouler seales, and those disteroncos could bo daportant in erons-cuttural coamiection. Eoth Jepoece end Koremus, for exorple, uso delicate-pugod as on evaluative scale, in contraot to Aerieens Tor vhou it is lainly a potoney indicator.  Suei found that all of tho Pueblo Indian groups, as contrasted vith Anericans mnd Hexicsn-Spenish, uved industriousolozy as a puo evaluative judgrent, Vhile the Navajo alone lave a uaiguo usage of feot-.lou (cnd one wich fito in vith thoir nythology).. The Greeos civo mch roro favoraole cvaluative comnotatioa to staui nt, active, hccormoous, encolar, ana severe (ce oppoced. to loniout) hen do Asoriccato, end this erain secis to jioe vith wat ve kov quout their cultaro.

Furthernore, sinilarity in semsntic loctor strueturo doos not, of courso, rocn that concopts raust be judged the cene way vithin this frasevork. I fact, it is the existonce of a shared frarcwork that wakes it possible to directly comare differences in the neanings of pexticular concopto. In Suei's study of the 1952 elcction, for exsmle, Teft kcpublicans, Eisenhover Republicans, and Stevenson Danoerats vezo shoom to bave identical politicel franes of reference (i.e, identical scale rolntions), yot they differod oxtrenely, and in snticipated vays, in thoir allocation of con-COPts 11IO FRANILIN D. ROOSEVEUT, THUMAN,SEASOR MeCANDY, GOVERMDIT MPLOYESS, Pnd QUR POLIOY IR CUTIA vithin this fraaevork. Sinilarly, in the Groek ntudy, it wao possiblo to select a cet of seales representing shared factors and thon procced. to cospore Grock ond Aaexicen nceningo of certain coceptsj for oxomle, Amoricans cco FElALE as much more colordnl, exeiteble, umusanl ond va then do Grees, vhile Greeks cee loaprial es nore soetable, coloriul, vna and puolie than do Americans dirfcronces which again coen to jibe with what vo knou about thece tuo culturoo.

Crossecultural studies of vicual-verbal syncsthetic tendencies Lave alco beęn uodo as anothor way of doaoastrating gonorality of conno» tative neaning systons (Osgood, 1959). Anericans, Mexiean-Sponish, Ruvejo, ond Joponose cubjoets voro comparod. Uoing a dc' or chout 15 conls, on oacn of whieh vos a pair of vimual diolayu dirfering in ooly ono craractoristic (e.to, a blaek circle vs. & vite cirele, a jocred lin? ve. a covved lino, o t los eylinler vs.  t in eylinder, ote.), subjcets piroly went tixough poiating to thot niao of coeh cord which scouod to to best vith a vord in thoir Jongnago (e.g., "homoy," or "non" or "veak," ete.). Pet caly wore vituaecultrre eyncctetie arecnents ldgi (en everoce of 90 o. nil itcus shoving ogacaent alnificant at the

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15 level), but ven botyeen-culture coparisons vere node, using only thoco casco vere both croupo being comporod choued signifieant vithincroup apvocqnt, neaxly perzect coineidence in the eiréctioa of syaesthotio choices vas found. luaons gaorally (to tho extcat. trat this semple is represoatativo) toins oz "hepoy" as coloatul, tsa (vs. thiek), and brirgrt; thoy conceive or "baa" as lov xo cacous, colorless, trick, dark, and crctaced, thoy tiink of "loose" as boia Lay, rounued, tai pitat - kaep in nind tnat tho uãerliaved tenas ere Javclo ror vicuslly posonted alternatives. it vas clco found that wet aro neaninghully oppo.ito tens for Anglos, o.Lu "heavy-ligot," "happy-sad," "strong-week," "olack-vaite," ond so forth, are also trcated as opgositos by tio other lonuage/cultue eroups, as detemined froa the reciprocol pattera or thoir visual choices fer opposite verbel concept.

These marked sinilarities in synesthetic tendoncies, and in connotative seantie structure nore genorally, lead one to ssk why. Sone or those rolationscips may bo inmately doterined, perhapa the reflectioa of tropisnic reactions fron bencath layero or culture. The rogularity vith udch jaagonents on the cctivity factor parallcl. tho visual epeetrva say ba a caso in point - roos cre consistoatly judgeà not, noisy cetive exeiting, cnd the like while baies are judgod cool, yuiet, posoivo, knd celning losover, given cenerel siudlarities of physical cavirenent tmd piological make- or hmans throughout tho vorld, cora paincinles of learming alco vould reoult in the Sndependoat acquisition or zmty relaticns. The dominant 7 evoluutive Ruotor, for exoagle, is prcounably baced on the beürock of hcaca capacity to expericuce rouards anò punissents; the potency factor io prossbly dased on the lact that huans aro all equally capable of exporioncins variaticuo in vencory intensity (lcudaess, bricutnoss, heavinoss, ete.) and roquired to very the efzort cnd onerzy expanded in reacting to odjoets, if thoy ave to survivs. More cpociric relationsbipo eon also bo lçarned indepondently, but comonly) ror exmple, ¿t is a ¿cnorel fact abouò tho rolation betueoa the physical vorld end the husan organiaa tiat as noise generatin; objects cone clocer or nove avay, cuäitory loudnoss covarios with vicuol olze - it is not, thorofore, ovrprising to find trut loui is associnted vith lurve uhile soct is ascocieted vith sall. The gonorality vo have romd. so Tar in conmnotative nesnins systcas precumably roflects tho accurmlation in Jenuages or mony cuch rogularities based. on coonnesn of physicsl onvironaent and the epocics.

Roferences:

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Thigoen, C.B., end Cleckey, l. The Troe Faces of Eve. McGrev-Bi3l, 1957.

Triandio, H., and Ooyood, C.E.  A coaparative feetoriol analysis oz coonatic strueturos in nauolinrmal Groek and Aaericaa college studento. J. cbnori. gog. Poychol., 1958, 57 187-106.

Whort, B.L. (envece, Thourht tnd Ronlityi Solected. Papers of Benjealn Lee Weort (Carroll, euitor). The Technology Preos, l.1.T., 1930.

IIT. IEIODJ

The first stap in thts research vill bo to hold a Planing Conference, probably during Jomuary, l9ć0, to voich ahout 15 outoide pooplo will be invited. Theco vill bo ren vco are spoctaltots in crocs-eultunal rosoaroh, fraa cnthrepologienl, sociolo ical, lingulstie, paychologicol and coxanicetions epproaohes. Fra thoua experts vo vinl colieit bolp of several coxtu: da selectiag tho six ccontries to be studicd during this paclod, in choooint arprooriate oocial seiontiets vortin; in thore courtrios to te contactod as collaborators in the roscareh, jn Ceciding vhat kinds of vubject-oanples vill. be nout evailablo and useful, in solcetin; siairicont concopto (eontont arens) for Tinol analysis, opd oo on. to shall alco uoe this group so a criticol sounling-ooard for the resenreh nrthods deserfbed belov, so theso nethoda should be considered conodot tentative, at looot in their detailo.

To data froa cach country being ctudied vill be colloctod in three phases. Trero vill bo cpproxiuately six aonthe hatween cach phose, to allou tire for ptatistical maalysis on Ix polof the dato previoasly collocted and Tor colloction of compariconeccantrol data fran Anerioa svdeots. At pxcocnt vo plon to uoo the equtvalent of high cchool atuderts as cuoiocts in oll courtrios; riz school studeuts have thoir ou lua vaces cad cnltruea wll abçorbod, but ueuolly have not boecue very sophisticated crosn-culamally, cnd rurthcmoro, they do not pooo tho cicficult pooles that locating a rendon on stzatiried cemple in oach auea would iuvolyo. Tu Pive I we vill obtain a lnrge ssmole of bi-polex liaaiotie quoliricrs (in Enlici, adjoctival opposites) aud thon detoxoine thoir tactorial stueture by a poired-carpariuca techmiquej in Poaco 1l vo vill cieek on the conarability ol soncntio ditferentials constousted on tho baois of tho previous feotorial roculto, usint both bilinguels and noaolinpals ta caca couatry; in Euco Ill we will opply these cirfereutialo to to measuramnt of cortoin criticel concepts, both  atvcerd cot o2 ecneepts 2or all eourtrieo enl a umique, cultuellycocitiorod pet for cac: country - again, vita Americun comparison-controlo. Tblo I oatliaos those proccCues.

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Eporio.ntel Cocrtry

ksviocn Control

Pasa I

(e) smplins liauiotic qualitiors

(b) pairod-coparisono rcg Iinguistic qualiliers

(c) FA (fector enalysis) of the data froa (b)

(c) back-troslation of (o) cnalsttors into English

(o) paired-cceparisons onoag thcce liuguiotic qualiriore

(c) FA. of the dnta fron (e) end copericon vith FA pecults in (c)

Ence in:

(ε) bilinguel ereek on cooparability (long fona)

(h) nonolinmal eteek on copozability (long foma)

(i) FA o€ data fro (a) ona (h)

(s) Leok-translation of (n) fons into English

(k) moaolingual. check for cosparability (long foxa)

(1) PA of tho data fro (k) end ccaparicon vith FA rooulto in (1)

(n) ronolin mnl nencoryzont ol eriticol conecpts (short rox)

(n) nonolinguel peasurement of ta cone 'critical concopts (baek-trunslated, short zoua)

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Tablo 1

GOTLIEE OF DATA COLLCOPION AID ANALYSLO FROCEDURDS

(o) coaontie pro. llo and civirase ec\_pavécora serdno courtades

[PAGE 70]
Panlification c Table 1. Phase I, (c). A posotble eritieiem of our corlier croce-onliurel scuutes ie tht, by usin, back-translation frca our Palish cealeo es tra baste ror sepliz qualtriex dinensioas in cter countrien, vo roy leve biased tue oituction in fovor of finding ciileritios. In the prooocod posoareh ve vill ctnrt "rron cerateh" in ench Jcnuars/eulturo erca. Kord-associatioa techniçue, vthnoonsas otirali ond aijoetivos' raqnosted ac responcos, vill be vsed to collect a larp carole of queliziore. The 50 (opproxirately) most frequently used cuzliricro vill. bo raão into peirs of oppocitoo for further analyeis. (o) m the yeioc-corcricon rethod, eaeh bi-polax pair of linguistic curlifórs io poireà vita ovory otler peir, vith subjecta askod to indiecto tro tporopriate dirzction o? xelationchip,e-, Lor cola; bappy-scd doos ivpoy or ned seca closert in ruaning to the capitalized. lott This nethoa cliairates the biusing. ertects of particular concepto upon the neonines or desles and thenctoze peraits a purer test of ceale relations. (c) Thurstono's Centroia motod. of ractorins, vith witieo in the diagonalo, cad the Veriiax nethod o? rotstioa vill be uscd ccnsistontly throuhout all enalysce, (e) The beek-trensletion procedures usod by Rawata, in vhich ano groap or bilingualto translateo frea lenzago X into English and another Group indepsadently trenclotes their raterials boek into language X for validation, vill bo ueed tbrcadiout this resenrch. (HotE: ir thore is consicerable loos of toxne in tack-trenslntion, the procosnres vil. be meneved vith cloce syaonyns.

Bye I1, (c). Te procedures used by Mata in his studies of Japonese anù koreon bilinpcle vill elco be uccd here: esuontialiy, that ralt o2 toe bilinguolo toko the forn fixst in theiv native lamguage and Lator (about a nonth) in Eaglisà, snd vice verna for tho other halr. Hore (enā cubscquçntly) ve vill, ueo tho stançerd (Creolie fora of differential, in vhieh coccepts are jue ea arainct 7-otep soales, definod by the bi-polor qualitiors. In these chocko on costparability, ve vinl uso a long forn or citferential, in vhicl: sll of the corrosponain; (trunolatoble) seales appear. For this bilinpel tost, the coneopto vill be a ctandard cet váieh eultural enthropologists vould expect to vary nintrally in neaning acrOSS grOUps (e.G…, KOUNTAn, FIES, SHOW, FOOD, TAFAIT, ete.). (h) The difrerentiel civen to poaolinnals vill bo idcaticol vith that given the bilin vals shove, excopt that an acditionsl set c2 conccpts, culturally conaitioned to a high de roe, vill bo added. These will bo vnique for cach country stulicd, e.C•, SUIczDE for Jeyanese, Jz: 2or Bayptians, FmEL CAszãO for Costra lKonne, and co forta. (i) The correopondence of factors obtainod fron bilinvels taking tie test in ka lish anà 2n langnago X vill bo do toxuinod, and thene dittoxencos capored vith the test-retost reliability valnes obtsined tron Anericons (sce (k) folloutng). (k) Cur tmeriean control croup vill. teke to uoa tost tivon to to mcnolingaals of country X (viioh tncludos the concepts end cealos given to the bilinmalo). Thcy vill be rivn thia tost tulce, udout e nonth upart, to provido a roliability creek, (1) Pxta for Che ,elativoly ctablo, rtendard coneepts will be factor cnulyzed, ena cayarisons or Ameriecn rooulto made vith both bilinaal tel toaolin vul relts fex covty X. The cecatic profiles for krrlcans vu. econtey X cvdjocts an tìo cultunelly conditioaod concopts viul bo coapnrod for th eooetod sifferencev, a e veliotoy chock.

Fioce H (a). A more efficient, short form of differential will

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bo usod in this phaoe. It vill ineluds oaly a subsot of those qualifiors wose xeetcrial corpositica bas ronained stable in the proceding factor mrnlyces and vroco Tactos louaings eorroupond botueen Aaeriean cubjects and cahjoet froa, coatry X. Hev caples ot nonolingual subjects will be ucod, cni the nuber of coneenta vill bo ineroaced. The exet nature of tho exitieal cocspts to bo nocsurod ronains to bo detoiuinod, but the folloving cre sugcestel rs poosibllitica: (1) natienal cnd cthnie sterootypes (e.g., JAS, AERRICACS, IECROES, RUSSIATS, CEANS, etC.): (2) various aspects o Co AeriC vay of Lio (eg, DOLARS, "CART", HOVIE STARS, NEN YOPK CEEX, GOURrETs, COCA-COLA, cto.); coeopticns of the solf end others (e.6. DIE KCOD OF 2SON I A, SSE KED OF FENSOI I'D LX TO DE, NOST X'S [COudtry lalel), roLI0ku, DoorOk3, ote,) iadividual end social institutioas (e.S., PAIVVOY, PNAYA, EEOTIOCS, TE LAW, NY ANCHSTORS, ete.): basic Values and OriCatatICas (C.L. LTFE, DI/EE, TIE, TIE FOTURE, PROGRESS, COPROMISE, oto.). (o) Since the cono cet ot eritical concepts vill heve becn judged by uonolinguals in all countrios, but on oenantically equivalent neasuring instnents, it vill bo poosible to cagare diroctly both sciuntie profilos (o.t., Gotoriine vaich countrics placo the hiest valuation on the celzcoacept cnd vhich tho lorest) aud oaaentie ciotonces (e.g», do Ecyptians chov a greater difference in neaning oetvcoa thcaselveo and Anoricans then ¿o the people of Tãia?).

As tine pormito, ccrtoin additiouol supplaacntary studies will be made. For oe thing, ve vould liko to extond car carlier studies on the croccngultural gon talityeuf vdeualver al sytath te tendoncies, uaing the C just copleting his doctonl thesis on the cross-cultucal goherality of soud syrholia (e;:.. that Li:à vouels heve comotations o small size end lou vouols of lerze oizo), vould like to cxtond this vork througa our saaplo of lonawce/culture froaps. S mntic analysis of the coaccpts ve have called "eultually stable" chcula yiol, soao interosting prolininary Snformation for cultuul enthropologists end linguists on juot wiat aopects of huan boravior are moot resistunt to cultaral impact. Other supplenontary otudies vill wdoubtedly occur to uo as we proceed and will bo udertaken to the oxtont that phoy do not intorfeae vith the mojor progon outlined above.

IV. PERYOD OF TITO RESEARCH

Tha prosont gaçnt is requestod for a periot of thuree years, froa Jrmunry, 1gćo throagh Deecaber, 1962. During thiu poziod vo plan to study cpzoxiately six cortrioc. The data colloction phasos disouoped above vill be otarcorod over tho three yoars Ln tho diferoart coutrdes, so os to provide cì oven flov of data collectien and procesoing, vltlout overlodinz our stafr cad foeilitieo. This vill clso dlooribute the foreiga trevol tat is resnuirod over roosouable intenvals (soo note on Poroirn txavel wdor oudee). Tablo 0 ahovs hou the plasos o2 data sampling will bo Ciutribatod over tiao and eountrios, according to prosent plans; Rern nerols repronenb too puses diocussod above. Vo expcct to be thto to ctcrt váth Phoao I in tho tvo South Arorieen (one actually in Contrl Aoriea, probnldy) cortrioo during tho spring of the first yoar, vilo or:cnisatioacl tripo to otier czcan are boin made. By spriny of to ceeond yor, vo wll ho ia ral. oporetion on ell. paoos, bat in akftoroat coatirdos. By uortas of tho tind poar vo plon to be toporing orr e cat. conlection enu. sp adiug uoat of cr tiao on data analyaio oud vaitiugeap.

O 95.35

9.

[PAGE 72]
DISTRITÉTTON OF DATA SAMPLIIO OVER TIME AND COUEIRTES

10.

Table 2

[PAGE 73]
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V. ESTLATED BUDOE.

Totel Co.t 1he,537 ro2 thueo yoer period.

[PAGE 74]
Totes  tho estimnted budret: (1) The principal invostigator plaas to epamd epurokirately 1/4 or his tiao during the ccodorie year on thio recoareh, vithout pay fron tho crent, end 1/2 time Curing the summer, vith pay ircn the grant. (2) Although C vill contributo to the planoing of the project diring the spring of 19.0, t:c lood of ctotiatical enalysis for vhich be vill be xesponsible vill not degin until the firet career, at vich thucr co full-tine on the projeot. (3) Euinolin tist. Ve have not cecured the aan for this positioa yet, but lavo several possibilitios. I hope to bo able to rire tho right pireon as of Japwary or Fobzry, ly6o. Onco foreign coutacts are caxrcnged ond plans egrocd upon vith tho social coience peroommel. in tho countrios to be utudied, the ethnolincuist vill bo nainly reuponsible for dota collection, haadling translation problens, end the like, vith the aic of the forcicn porsomel. (h) is ideally equipped by his background nnd his knovlodge of Arabic to holp the etrrolingaiot in tho Kiodlo Last; ho vill also handle our collection and anelysio of bockgrount inrorcction on the variouo culturos ve are studying. (5) She othor too matrate rerearch assistanto idl. vork under ono betis rooponsieto ior couccticn end cnphyeis.of the American ccntrol data cnd the other for enalyois of the datgrou othor countries Both vill bo conpotant in the uce o? Tx as is (6) A secretrry (1/2 tine) in recuired to hanale the project correspondence and to pictare tho various tcst foins as they are required. (7) Clerical. belp (25 tcare/veek) is naecod for Iut key punching or the dato end ror other inoidental chores (minor otatistical,vork, esocobly of fors, ete.).

(8) Retireacnt. A charge of 9.667f od/valaries of all full-tine stoff poid cy tho gne is required rit applies to the chare of salary poid by the gront, even though the personnel involved are not full-tino od the gcat itself. (9) Workmente comansation (1%) requirod oq all salarics end taces. (1o) Pononont ouizvent. Aa lEy exocutivetype tyonriter is needed for naking print-liso cteneils for the various teot foras vo will bo coing. Tue filos vill be uood for storing both project cata anà oupplcnontery infomation regarding the cowmtries ve are stadyin. (1l) Eoralabla suolics. The costs here represent tho large aaomts of nimeogsupoing that tll be ncccosary for supolying about four difforent tent forrs to about koo subjeota in cach of oix countries, plus tho Aazrieen ccatrola.in equahconat. There W also bo considerable use or the mails. (12) Reat. pece is the povaluable and dirficult comosity tc obtain in e expocts to be roved to lexgor quurtors by the fell of l960, won the fuli operaticn of this projoot will bo cotting mndervayl in thio caso, no cdaieional. ronted apace viil be roquirod, co thlo iton has not beon added into the totals. lovover, cs diocuonod vith tho occutive socretoxy of the Society, and asreed to, vo vill xoquest the oxtra funds for tis purpose if nocessary. In tlio case, ther voald bo coao roduction in the inäireet cost.

Trvel. Forein truvol cccouats for a lorce portion of the budcet. The fiuros aro eenod on ootirntes made by tie locel travel ageney for the follo.is: fhpt claso oia trdpn loto. Trios into Couth Aaorica end avonnd the Lorld ( Niesle Pat, and Purone)e ond the C ateaolin pistj a actepa teip to Ecuth Aaerien hy tho Strnolinaiot. l. A trip to Couty Aarica end tvo trlpo to Earopo, the Mlddle East

O

95-35

[PAGE 75]
end by the clnoliruiot; one trip to the Middlo Bast . 1962. A trip to the lidalo East cnd Inôia by the ctrnolin uist. Each of these trips in-ludes atop-overo ox about tvo veeks duiation in cach country boing etudicd. F

Oher oxpmncel. Die taouats for lcaorerie for a are based on ro ror caon or tho thzee poases oa cata collcctioa (including holp vith the back-xnolation procecures) for each o oix wcu in the countriee propaaatory H ruatorials mad procevsinc) erd bessa dl their charce or ão por hour. There vill de four sizeable fector enelysos and. rotations for caca couatry, and this rast be doubled by the Asericon control in cech case; further, there yill be suocidiary enalyces of proriles and distances, using Finally, tho Plcamring Conference costs are based on on ecttste of 15 people st (c00 per peruon 1or travel snd raintanence; the conference vill be held ot vcre the board ond lod in; onponses are very recoonable, considering the excollont confexence feellities.

B s estizotee ito actuel indirect cooto for reacarch projects at aporoxieatcly 25s of total direst costs. llovever, the figure it vill use ia this case is 15) (as chown in the budget). The difference is considered part of contribution to. the rescarch. 8 is eligtole fcr tax-oxarptiqa privileges.

VI. CUALLFICATIONS OF PERSONKSL AND FACLLTTIES AVATLAIE

C

the is najor riells or roseareh
interost have been in lanen lcoroing, lancuose end. coarunication. He is
nuthor of a crañnato tox and co-5tor o1 a re wit he las ooited tnd contribnted to covoral books of on kinery nature no io euthor or verious nosparo paporo mn
heeai leeraing end longc e bueavior. he Ino beca a Sbcial Beicnce Joseard
Counell Facalty Fellou (), a Gug onhei. Pellow ( ,ond He Conter for Auvanced Study in the Benavdorol Selencca lo is 's neater of the Asoriçtn Payctologictl. hscociation, ah Aossoolatien for the Advanceront o2 foienco, cna the Linguistic Society of Anericu.

lea paelarted deir aeteroa end laa sevezal wpudioled roaaare lepera ca poyelelláuties.

95-35

[PAGE 76]
ran trainias in poycloloy, linguiuties, exporimental phoneties, ond mathesticol statistics, yo is higly coapetent in hirh speed disital cogutor rnd ní éate processin, aoá also in recoarch desion. He is a muber or Whe Linguivtle Society of Aacrics, tho Aneriean Speceh end lecring Assoctuticn, tro Accustical Socicty of Aaorica, and the Amoricen Povoholo:icsl Accociation.

pocda in Trenoli and Gern.

Oer Pzsnrch Perconol. Ve pla to boina en ethmolicuist into the project Wo vill be peurerily responsible for tho selection end translotioa of satoriels in the vorious lanqage/culture troups boing stuóied and for the collsction o? the toroiga data. Ideelly, ho vill be a youns man oither vith his Ph. or in the fiaal thcsts stsgesj he vill be caapotent in Cozoriptive linguisties eni in cultural anthropoloyi if he is fluent in cne cr more Earopean Lonpagos, so meh tbe botter; i2 he has had considorable Sntoanatioaol travel oad cophistieatioa, also co much tho better. This mm vill vork wich the prineipal investi/ator on arianging contacts vith social solentisto in tho countries to be studied and. oa the setting up and sspling of data in thena coantydas. Tue tro additiçnal greçuate resesreh assistcnts vill bo undef Tirecticn; one vill te chiefly rospoasible for the collection and procossiny or dota Xroa Aaericen controla and the other will be primmrily rosponsible for proeessing of tha foreign data.  Both vill bo coapetont in JEí and Gigital comutor operaticns.

On its etaff eré people in Tanguoves, antmopoloey, psyeboloy, sociolocy, econccics, and pass caramicatioss. The eatiro siaff coatributes ito advice and ckills to poloeren projects, cs needed. Tho project otaf? will lave cecess t high speod data processiná seryieeu, vhich irclude tho uauel Ti equipaent, on Du 65o oo puter, in operatica bofore tho co pletion of this project all o? the curta prcccosin; oporutioas ve nov plan to zake (correlation ratzices, factor cnalyoeo, rotaticzs, rultiplo diotande hengures, ete.) axo aveilable nnd have been uced ia oar provicns vork. provides expert hely in covisinc, nev propwea ehonúà tàoy to vosdoá. is preoently explorin; vuyo to neçuire the renaining ceabership in tho lutw Rolotiono Arca Flles cr, ir thio io not poasible, the microlil serieu of treso filec. te vil. tilno tove cccooso to the coaplete filev in the lbry ot reoded.: Taose files will to ostre nely vetuable to oer projecv, both an noeurius backgrouad inroccation ca to preieulce srors bein ctudiod cnd in seapliny for both stendavd and cnltcnllyecoaiiticoodl ceneepte.

VIT. OEUER SOTPORT

To otuir couree of ceaport for tota cross-zvltural researeh do being coocãéoxe3.

95-35

13.

[PAGE 77]
SUBJEOT : Project MKULTRA, Subproject 95

1.  The purpose of Subproject 95 is to support the vork of in the field of cross-cultural

meaning systemw as cutlined in the atteched letter of proposal. While this proposal is couched in very broad terms, it includes those sxeas of paremount importance to the Agency in connection with problems in end the technical support of political activities.

2.. This proposal and the personnel to te iuvoived in the project bave been revieved and evalusted by end by a panel of experts in the perticular field of investigation. It vas recommepded that tho\_proposal be\_sccepted. originally received the proposal for the Agency and is conducting current negotiations with pending the trensfer of his covert approval to TSs/cd. pexpects to plen the details of his xesearch design when he 1s able to discuss the project with representatives of TSs/cD. Actuslly, few if eny changes will be required Lo direct the work toward pertinent Agency goals

95-36

MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD

[PAGE 78]
3. This project will be funded throughd for security' and cover purposce

end the accounting for funds expended in it shall conform to the established practices of tbat organization. It is not anticipated that eny periaanent equipaent wlll be required for the project, -but should that occesion arise, it will become the property of in Jieu of higher overhead, charges.

4. Travel fuuds expended under this projeet and normally reimbursable by shall conforn to the eccounting prectices of that organization.

5. The total cost of this project for a period of one year is estimated not to exceed \$56,500.00 as indicated in the atteched budget. Charges should be mede egainat allotment 0525-1009- 1902.

holds an Agency covert approval. All other project

personnel are vuwitting and the project will be conducted es sn academie

reseerch progrom.

Approved:

Dato: 7123159.

Attachrent: Budget & Ltro of Proposol
Distribution; Or1gtnal only

95.86

2

[PAGE 80]
Cotaal. Tatellitofeo Agacy lacuiagtoa 25, D. C.

mnt tho Vectcia Puyeholosoel Assooiation ncosiaço ig feu dazo ego, cal ho tolá no Chat bo bod tallod to yoa at 2ad a ebout -tae rascareh on\_tlo\_cczoierutural cecarality of scoetavie dyoteos aad about cur pleao Cor Tuture zeuzcceh alarg those lines. Ln slso onconaged yn to veite to yoa dtreetly aoout tho pesshhilty a2 quopore fos chie roscaroh thousa yos ogany or eceo other govoaront crrentssica. T weluoa tho oppestity to do ths, tecauso L toliove wo hwo svologoa toonuiaes for ostainins inomntion oz vahu in kaprovins iatonnltural coamaication, ixaet ani mnzoratcciing. Sinco this is aa cxolcautory leztor, tsi oinco I éo mot kow vaxt fona a lonal proosok shoala teso in eay caso, X chatl Reraly isiieate in geuoral tors teo taokgre±t of ewe- vz end tho w.two o2. oo2 pogo0at.

For tho past ton yceoa mubevs ct tho statr-oj B avd bo0a woxk1ng on the Coolopzmt o. qratitasivo technioecs for Datturing certain eopeeto catie ceveveaetal, ta tho techaiero haa to bo B cntiors tcoe havo tooa tnde b cho etoy o. voting lravior an masiooal cleosteso, Sn uve ues of cotteoto Torsoion ead chga,.kn povcosality cand payçbowro,y rosaaveh, ana in a variety on comaulcabica studies.

O.o of U? cpoliczacns of thts teethtqyo la vhieh I lavo toen
partloutely intorvstei los Leen An tho otvdy of evecs-suttueal maening
oyab:. 1 ith ih. coo ovataca o? covoxet soaer anscaa, qodmte condente
(n.o. teco), cA soeled cyrets located in o. trvoulbg through to nva tea cte to colleot data Cea dazonese, Roreana,
Gr. Laddona of on oma Aulyaio

95.32

Apr11 23, 1059

[PAGE 81]
of pothoda is givcn below) has inlicated a supaloing. degreo-of-steilartty iatholaaka Js.aasie-cimopstouo-vithta voleh oaniatul judytento are rcie. Alchoga svon evldoneo foe eveso-ldcauistio enl eross-oultual emnarelitty of mcanint tystcus is of conslconablo thoopatical intorost in iteels, or muro proetieel. ieportcneo is Uho toot tut thlo Lnowatioa my palro it yovodblo Sov uo to dovios cconoa 'yoodaticko" for ccaporing tha attituico, vluea, end telioss or divorse pooples thoughout tha vorld.

So far this oroso-oulturel vork hes beon conluotod on a "catch aa cntoh cas". dasis, as you caa soo. T vtell luo to coo ts put on a syaterstio loois. I voula vontieulcrly lilo to ctoy coumtrios bordoring ca tha moa Curtala a Gaary, Volerà, Avuiria, zasy, Lndta, and so ca - co vell es ous Couth Amrlect rolghboro. Chis Ss a large cvder, hosover, cd voutd roqairo substcarelal cwport. In tbis conzetioa, it shynld te pointed out that the calomtoay, palot ctulies lavo alacady teon do3, as irlieated above; wat is cvisoced ls a eyasesatie aoplicoticnror theso toctatqea to o coloctod caaole of vorld cultuos.

Tho vork in each countay atodted wouid fall into tvo major

Hero I io tha "tosl-cnkins" stasol it involvos determtning
tha temandio isetors nesd ty ccan rpouo end testing thoir compenaoiiity
vith thoro woel by froricums. Firss, to obtain sexplos of desoriptive roodelad cuics-slor, eto.) fron nativo
sreakoes in thir dua loktaco ty woxtasssafatioa techaiques. Te va
dotes das tod tàeea dasaricttvo dtsncions aro dtersolaced, (a) vith
ceca cticr in goneral (o.go, doos strc:3, es opeosca to vek, neen closost
an rende to bed or to pest), ca (o) wea ueed in to duigant of a
divevolciol rea ox steocodd oultwual ecneoyto. Both seta of data nro
Tootor cralyrtd 4 smen to detooaine
tho rajoe Aivanlads clong Watoa nseainaut dlcorisinaticas are boiug rade
ly rec,do ta this eoutry. 2o test sor ozcorabdlity vith tho Arordean
feeter raueture, tro tona foserlptive dbsnsions aro trannlated into
Raasea iy ao pcuo of bulitoals cd tuca tronslated tock dato the
Jexaan o? coonay X by a detorard crovo of balnmelo to caeek for
cretccay er trodivloa. Fe deo el Aaniern subjecto, rateied etth tha
foaei n da? wets Tor toe, tex, coadoatrte etatus eat the llko, thon do
tha r a tonte, ed the cosoe enlcnca in fretor stnetovo de detorined.
Ao a 1i al etecz o bo inalv mo ot teo basevo pey 1o, o seaale or
bil a0e0ts d0 ta 6is 142t 1n ca 3 2 dn tar othex, ty or etro to testoi. (.T31 Rtcatas
Vok e: a3 ore C lercna Co mstox otecotunoo teola mca te.e teioe tn to et Yoront Longwogea ee n 1on n2 eoltrous tadn ta toce ta 1ao tea

95-32

Apri1 23, 1952

Pago tao

[PAGE 82]
1 I 1o tho "tosl-ysbs" etngo it involvos tetting uo 7 C 2ron the tioa ootntred in lica I cad aoplyc.mcen5b. Aocuolag lavo tosa xsnstaulod (cad ono tonk co lar lalicatco Cas this io liloly) 1 pcoles cost Choco Peetozs are yut tomshor bro a tiagle toaa Puo to Che cralytie petor os the toctorlal rothed, 03 807 09 10 07 12 seolos 1r tao & Jaa0o tho Varisnce ky co rag cs 10o coalos. sinoe thuro ceales ara celcoted sn tocescontiad cn 1o cvuton 2 : tha mor teales nzod cre not nocoocorily tho coo fop difforas Coo (that 282 traaslatten-oculvateno), but they do xelloat the H.o bosio iootovs in romiaçaul jupcate.

\+ 1.2 to 22 des 4 012 T 2 3 ROC 00 otent 45 to 50 (ì v10s

95-37

Pigp turxea

Ap2l1 83, 1952

[PAGE 83]
With re orl to porecrzol, I thiak tlat a vecceveh projoot of the scoce I lava catlincd would roquiro thece fuaioa ctart pooolo at tha
B PaD. le  oorteta to ranale dsia sd etstiettenl aalysts s oroceee, a culiurel. anthropotecise or sccioloriet to deol vith colootica or uateoials ena cnvliag tu verlous couitries, cd a linyuoe to toallo weotation and zalasod pactlecs), tuo graduatestudus roraan ossistents, cnd a cooinl seiontiet locaced in eseh of the cutrieo loiny ctnioa. Aaisical fuls wonld bo reraircd for use
a for teevol enl Sestense in cach of the countries stuticd on tho lort of tha cattropolo ios nnd lurufet, for peyment or fozoiga and Arertcen suejeoto, Sor podvocioa or wrterivls aal otler ineidontal exxveo, cnl lor cverirod. X voald eosimate tho total cost at botween thinss vo voulá lbo ebla to collect, procoss, cd report tha Cata fox two cowrorioo pex vear co this rests, elons vith tho coxarison data froa Aresicans. I coall lCe to ceo dn tnitbal crant tov thrce yesra vork. (oix lanege/cultteo (roupo), in order to to ahle to ottatn tha calibre pooplo ve voall rood for tho otatr, do ondiat ou the valua of tho infore raticn toing ottatpoá, tho projoot coula to qxtonbed to ottor eoutaes or czãod ct tho tendratioa a? the threqryear periol.

I have cvailablo at eu a top-notch youg psycbologiot vho to just fiudcháng hlo thosto (ua thig gsea cr stuly),. ie on excellout ctatisoiolsn, ent is Tatllar vith m VrO= B B coxsixó. m (oponsored ty tho canegie Pouakstiei thacuch the Soenl Sotenea osccreh Counoit) I laov covaral youn, othnolinçitsts vho might to Sntercotod in this roczaroh. stars is copomally B fasllioe vith Uds typo or coniareh, cnt ve have the receacary progons "or to Ecotor esriysen, setnttoaa, rad other siatisticat psoeedures thst vonld to iavolvod. I clso kner a navor of sooisl seientiota in otee corurles vho elghe le vtllieg to vork vith us themelves or at Lest erad poetrzad cuitoble peolo for vo. I ca not, of cowvse, vamaro of Ae caaonltica ccndotod vita Goin, stulies or this sort in Foreign ccutuies. sho io thy x Mc: ie 1o noenoxay to vork thrcuch profesatoal eo1o vpo ooe aivos e2 tho cocatry coneornal col who ono also lusereoeed da tho recoareh problans. Wo lavo dova tuo suzeesszully in both tho ¿axncss crd Crook siuilee.

Lev, io tunal, uiie resenreh of thls kond be ucoñu. to eay covoreas enpy dlrostly ccaroanod with te pnwdnetlca ond fmtezprotaticn or d erecicct cea mateatios7 Ta tha firot placo, talo reccareh la Ce ld to te cadiatt tvs ebelo ciiilo, ae ninca, valnco, and valola hola ty reo de in ocnv ceantrtoo Edch obaoevoss, trxeloro

95-37

Rap fosr

Apri1 23, 195)

[PAGE 84]
and conteat cglysts vith long trninin? end vach eapordeneo my arrive at by mozo slteit or intattivo renns. Althouh it avotco tho biases of piztieunz otsorvera, is probstly loson conathing of tho ceneitiviey they heve covale.es. Tt io therofora cvalouentory to, eroce-checktag and validatirs, the inroratien obtatnad frcttio uoul chvmels. Secondly, tho slile cenoustrotioa of a tlrol frcovoet for luen thinkins, rogzdloss of raco or nationality, shonld in itcolr oneouapo intormational ueoorotanaisg end poduce pnspicions. Thirdly, tha cloax isolation of di²erevoos Sn the rcoaings or ccsesots crables us to do a bottor job of tallin; to othors ana wudorotarding vhat thoy eao ceylng to wa. Itercvltwol cormmtuestioas ove pertieulely liablo to tho noolcniea o? projtien  When ye talk atoet DACcY, EnvId RGs, POLIcs 6tta3, er cven suah Linntaae thiago no Fcco, pr0 end FroR03, and vse suoh oretnary doscriysivo temno ao ympd, hich, or devora, we iaplfoitly assne that they havo sucrieiently oiala tacainga tae tronslationcquivelont tezs vill cary oue iutoatioos eoross. lut DaoRaot to tha Conans ctill comotes comethins Was cnd inaffootral: tuccd EolvmaLIss ccnotes conraaing poroly tod to te dajesoss, vith nona of the poteaey enl patdo vtoh ve cttributo to tho tera oovora io a positively cvaluated quality to Gcoks, altkcuzi it is cuoahat nutivo to us. Fourth, knove fes tho fvce of tho Uupão cawes ard of Naeans hola ty othoro, porticularly laovinz hov it varics rroa place to placo axd troa tiua to tio, chould caahle us to Co a xore effcctive and seloativo job of copreotirs ed iuproviag thts i age. Finamly, kmowing hov poople in a pavticular coutry viev certain cvttlcol ooncepts, it chould be ponsible to predtet more eecuratoly both vivas polieies they avo likoly to initiate ard suoport ead vat thoir roactions aro liloly to bo to poloies ve ivitiate. .A

This tas provea to to a myh longer lettor thsn I had originally intended, cad I aoologiao for to Aee you moot lave pee Anto it. Rnever, not locrinz csaetly that meooverod, I thouht I should twy to civo you es eloar a pieturo as pooxlbls et tho rick ot soso redundanoy. I caclose a rupeint o2 tho Gtuiy zse vlta Karry Triezdto or Greek vo. Azriean cocaing oyotens -- tho diceusoto ceetion inelulos coto coneroto cvabea o2 bv cocgerabde inotme.onts can ylold infoartion on difzorcnees la vorid viev (clthoaeh Go Groet stuly was not dcsiged for this moeooce), l yon ara iaor.otod in oxolortua the rosotbility o reccavch clong theco lieea fuvth.r, I will to clal to ravo ry copies or Er. Kaoata's thosto on the Jaanose end Tonvono cd of Pe. Suai a paoex on ire Ladfcna of tho Songlose coat to you. I cou oleo sond you a ceiy or mer ir you vish.

95.37

Faga fivo

Apri1 23, 1953

[PAGE 85]
I viu goopvolato harint your reactions to this procosal. Ir yoa do not think it te eonothun; ClA could tapport, thea I would like to. havo ay alternative eucgostiono you night caro to naka.

Sincerely\_youra,

Enclosure

Apr11 23, 1959..

Pago olx