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Government by the Insane

By EDWARD HUNTER . Communist leéders ore rujering from à form of actuai insenity. Only by recognizirg. this facl and s:udying the mcthods of their madiees cen we learn tow to cope with them end their adherents.

Korean prisonets, stood with the:r aras locked, swaying frun sice to side. They whipped the.r minds with rusic borrowed iroin tae yuarle and the church. "Their eyes were gla:ed, 2ey were so wrourht up, so hpsotized by their owe singing." said the American ofeer who saw it. Priscsers -n nther congounds on Ponga siaad ined in. Thurde, drank althours no man had tasted liqu.-. was oa the verge of srashing through the fene..r tnat confued it. The zmail furce uf guzres. o reached, would have beea trzmpied upon saa t.. tn piecvs. Orders to cesse this tnad scif-inturat. were ienorud. The querds, mainiv koreans ther - selves. fred. The wouuded were lifted up by thcunutades, and the riot contiaued uatil nearly 2 had been shot, two thirds of then fataliy.

Then. withun the hour, in the same drons. sujor. taey picked up tneir dead aad wouaded, aul, e srried them away. Like the drask, too, they afterwards tore savageiy into these who had no: wanted to jaia, or who bad rot eatered into the spirit of this crazed spree. Several horribly nautitatrd bodies were honded out.

There have always been rivís ano demenztra ns that got out of hand, but this wosn't like ans of thrse. There was something erasily streamisee aboùt it, singulirly modern and yet prinitis- athe frst man. There had been no spontaaziy Ihese new tribal chiefs were raoved by an int. «bi. part discipline. The effect on tàe uninforn is morale-shattering.

There was that young American soldier i met mn Teàyo, who hud been shot close t hs de it. Korea, whase life had been saved sy the mirackof vur wartine surgery, His ba'aliun had her attacked by what the Shintoist Japranese call a banzzi charge and the Comniunist Chiutse e human wave. "Chiidren rose up in (ront of me," this youth explained. "Some couldn't have been more tbas trelve or foureen, You hesitated using your bayonet on kids; somchow you coulda't. By the time you found you kad to, you were dead--or like me, had your chus; siashed open." He, too, deseribed the glazed eyes of the charging horde. eyes tha: seemed to pop cut of their heads. The oniy explanation he could Sgure out wa thst these Chinese had ben druszed. "We found a pot of heroia in one caplured tcat," he said.

The pot of dope wus probably for the medics. The rental condition he sioke of bad been induced by the mélange of fake evangelisn «nd quack pychiatry that passes for education under Comniunisn--the regular, cficial indartrinatioa, better descrihed as brainwashing.

Fixations and Obscecions

Who are these people? We know the posts they üill, but we live in such a different environment that we can't grasp the meaning of their performance. Our customary reactiyn has teen bewilderment. Yet uere are persots amoar us who do not find such phenomena, the glazed and popping eyes, the fixatioas and obse-stons, extrzordinary, They cone seross it in their daily work. They are our psychiatrista and altenista. Paychistrists see it in their studiox. alenists in their insane asyluuns. Wht ia extrsordinary is not this mental couditioa, Lut Ue dehberate inducton and exploitatin of it for political purposes. A recent, much pushcized case in Atcerican soclety can perhaps help us a

REPEINTED FRON

MARCH 23, 1953

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tttle ta cuoprchend this siteatien-the ce, namely of Payart P'eakrs, whe thommated headhnes fer a tew dys not lnz àgo. Th.3 aaa was no toz.usist or Nazi; he was a student type. a frustrated. would-be stieatiat who wslkedl into an ofze at Co-Jumbia Uaiversity and erptied hts pstel into a girl whor he had nnser sten befere. Icakes had written a tok estitied, "How to Live Ferever." In which he tried to show how chetronics tould extend life to 500 ycars. He cuuid never get it pub-Hished. whichproved to h.m that American sciertists were reactionary. This was what drove him to murder. Only in this way zould he arouse erough interest tó bring his message to the people. Peakes did not kaow but thre are ways and places towadays for the unstatie and :he mentally unbalanced to satisly their urgings and indate their esos. Peakes wen: abou: it in the cld-fashicned way, and that is wày he is new incarcerated in aa ssylem for the inzss With very Nele variation in type and history. e weald At into the upside-down society of Ho Chi-minh's Vit Min People's Democratie Repotie, or Man Tse-tung's New Demeeraey, or in Soviet Rssa itself. Hiz peculiar talents would te perfery normal in such an eavironment.

Persous  Peakex-and Hitiermay have sane. even euperior facuit.es in some Seid, yet suter from a detasien n ciher, Theg are pszessed by an al-coaszmg grievance :hey are positive that they zre leity un:airiy ;" rintuted, and tat they have the riga: to p-aish :. gaiity. Thvir vszpe is inte fanaticism.

Fannties uset : roam . ule yrounds, and were rarely a dangui The wore tanate. originally fan. ticus, mrant spirone possessed by a deroaiae, :e ligious ferter, When sucà pevpie becane vicleat, shaat shifi eas koude tf jasa, in dte caloas mau wr of thels tire. Theý were stuted inte sages, tropped into duzgeocs, or deeopitated. Wheneve: uussible they were tolerat, d, because they were scpivsed to de the meuzum- througa shih Jivinty spoe, prvdng omeà td ueteo ret se eiphering. Sech were the oracles ef Deiphi. Mediea! men in those esriy days did not have satñetent experience to disi.aguish betwfen the nian who was mad, and the deep, spiritual thinker. Seholars J.d not know enough at-ut naturai phenomena to separate suporstition from fart. lt is a teld is wnich we are tragically deácieat ven today.

Religious Osertones

The same inssne attiicdes, recogai-d as such in olden days, have reappred n moder ps. in what we cal ileolugirs. We resize by t that the new politieal ideologics have rehgious overtones. but we stil shy away frem the ronreaarees of recognizing that they have hevone ar aüy s te ligion. Oaty rventiy 1 heard  Anrtraa mi sionary, wa for years has fediesed tne ry hre, rfer to Coinnuni-m wholly in thenlogical terms. ealling it Marxitt Christianity, ptstting thie as a new, reformed teligiou, like the Buddhiam tMt was the ou!grovth o? Hitduiam, er the Càristaa faith that waa derived fromn Julaisn. Yet he faiied to comprehesd the coaaection biweea this ¿ad what Eobert T. Eryan, Shanghai-tara American. caught a brief jrilicz of when he coscluded his tycent series of Saturday Erening Post ariicles stout his errest trd brainwashing with the ouservetion: "The insire asylun ha broktn open and madmeo are in the streets."

In Mein Kompf Hitler told how he strove to give Nazi fansticism ";he formí of faith," so as to make i. like faith, "able ;o move mountains." The lieds do the same. Again and again, at seme Commuaist cathering, I have beea atruck by the recourze to ine Protestant order of service; even the music is lentical, with only the words charged.

Hitter boasted that he and his party members were.fanatics. Yet though we regarded him as evil, we cnsidered hin nonethcless sane. But on the soai fteraoon of his life, when sharing a dismal. ,ubirrranean bunker with his strange love, Eva Bragn. the Fuchrer could no lenger have doubted the immisent, tutal collapse of his Nazi state. If at ha! somcent Hter couid have placed his hazds on a super-hydrogen bomb whose chain reaczion wouid. have destroyed the world, he would have used it. ile would have done so knowing thet csce shattered, nothing could ever coler the pieces out of -pare aed put them together sgais. For he wouid Save sincerely felt that there was no point in living a s world vithout Nazisn, thst he mus: spare the -art. this ageay. The veins of his fervid brain soalt nearly have berst with the Wagaerian pride an.eving such a saçriscial ending tu vhat other «is- he uuló visuslize oniy zs iufnite disorder «nd ility.

T. , was insanity, of course, a d-lusion of the nos ;rutouneed sort. Hitler was a erazy man.

H.tr ia dead, thougn somne minds have not been carei ,: fitler.sa. èut Staim has ief à hst e? kttle Stal'msts, all thoroughly impregaated wita ti» convict that Communisia is mankind's ine teble destny. A world without Communis -uld seem à apiete refatation of a the "lsxs . natire taat they call dialvetical nuaterialism.

The logie" in which Communist mystrism is w-apped makes it ap-ar superñeialy a new fxm ę seiene. as practcal as the maitiplicaos èe T: is kerp the true nature of the Red guspel a.d. drn from the uninitiate. What is exhibited to thu. rid is a logical and rensonadle person, who a; pzrs a a gond cuzen and kindly friend. Yet : sane asylans are faa of madrien who are perferh t a. self-poèsessed. and even impressive in thert arpeataace. Suéisis, rapists, are oíten thus. A conn ma trait, t. of thuse suferinz frem hallucia tuns, is the togie of what they say or do: they are eumpletely reaoualle, once you axept the basic

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premise, the lia, with which they are ohurued, for they live in a dream worhd-they are Napokva. or Joan of Are, rs the case may be.

Dostocvakian Festacy

We would be trapting fate, indeed, if we were to take for granted that Stalin's highly fanaticized aucceasors wovid not be drawa to the same insane extremes es Htler if confrontcd with the same prospeet izevitable, total defeat, Already Communism has teen swopt to the some mad aati-Semitism as Nazism. Shatteriag s large section of the earth, or the ertire planet, could very well appat to suh ol-d minl ss a Dostoevskian ecatacy worth a xucle eteratty of struggle.

This is a madasss that can clinicaliy develep cut of the obsessions and the fixations of Mao Tse-tung and Li Li-san and lu Shao-chi, vir ow Wili..m 2, Foster, and the other Red estrrmists. lt iz "hy Mao and his cohorts. although Chiacse. never save a second thought to the interests ef China or ne Chincse people ahen they threw thoir armies ecrs the Korean frcatier, against the troops of the Uaited Nations. on orders from the Kremlin.

In the past there have been many tasdmen in he seats of the ighty. Tszris: Russta had its ivaa the Terrible; Jepan's tvea: Empetor Taisho was nsane. Madmen anotg soverrgas were easily e lectable. The damage thr. wrought was usuiy circamseribed by satonal erders and the k. se centrols exert.sed iu variy hsoric periods. Pr se artangezests exis: in protocoi fer regests taets iy. to assume power in such centirzencies.

The meutal cases that conrta us now are :!- ferent, for they lack the disgoanted artions by we h we have come to identify tre eraay. lf a mau chs glaes or runs snok with a carving knife, sny can see that he is mać. If he insists he is the siah come  -art. ev a simpleton knows i. a

The truly Jangeroys madnen of the mid-twentieth century. no have managed to fei cs and gain unpreeedented power, are nct such simp cases. Their exccsses are not the spasmrlic, un predictavle cruelties imposed on thuae wiihin eass reach. With tha same curious adher-nee to z strained legality that charaeterizes totalitariaa re gimes, these madmen go througn all the motivs sanity. They put whoie populations uder subt and sinister pressures to make them act with tar same mdacss as themselvea.

This 1s s cunceplion is zrotesque that we just sxn't bring ourseives to believe it. Eves when O. fucts etare s in the far, w ese our minds, be cause nonaal, docent tple refuse to sdmsit suen extremes of ebaonnaluy. We dst want to at, wo, thnt whele poa. includng soine of our grealest achclars, have teen so casily hoodwinked

A Streni, of Madne1

We reter ta the facist end Contrsnist idelegui, but nat tn the demeratic ideolozy, thus irferr that there is a differvace. The daference is that a streak of insanity is attached to every iceology. Aay "true teliever" in Communiam or fascisrs hes this streak of madscsa in him. Fara Poun!, whe obtuse, poiyglet poetry rrzeived uaiversal plaudit. has bren properly committed to a Weshingten miea. tal institution. His capacity as a poet was not in question, any more than Van Cogh's geaius as an artist was disproven when he went into an asylum.

Where, then, can we draw the line betwees the fanatic and the madman? What is obvious is tha: our present distinctions inclnde many af the latter in the category ef the former. We kaow that man is an ambivalen: animai. He can have a blind spot in one part of his mind. This explains sueh unhappy cases as that of France's Jeliet-Curie; it explains Einstein's consistent blundrring in politics; it certainly cxpiaias Chaplin.

Between those persons who totally lack sociai re--sonsibility, such as herniite, crocks. snd msdmen. and those who have been tentally deranged by an excessive sente of their responsibllity, like the ersnka and political assassins. there is a vide range of political interest, startiaz wita the man who is selfsh about bis sccial respozsisllities. who "doesn't give a dama," ranging to the person who takes his polities with intense sertousners, a zealot or a fasatie according to tne drgree of -iutensity. the sense of missien. he trings into politics.

We bave no dimculty in taderstanding the enthusizst and evea the zealot. Oaly wtea we enter the field of the fansties do we cross the torder into unexplored territery. Fanatics refuse to be Lucged trom their conceatration on some panerea er p hate, and the point on the horizon where they t us :heir attention is their whole wortd. They can so: be deterred by flatery or bribery, but willitgly use toth, jaiging roraiity by whether it advances or fetarus taeir pohiticei objeetive.

Dividing Line

Where we have erred is in our understanding of when fanaticiam ends end insanity tegins. We have regarded too ruaay of the insane is mere fanaties. The dividing hae between fanatictsn: and iusanity shoule be shifted. A large prorortion of those whom we have barn considerins fsuatics are actually insane in a cinical rense. They are nadmen, sufering fren clusion or áxation, with ta resuitant perserution cumplex. We have been to, tolerant. The hard core f Communists, thoue who have tren serecned througn all the aruifees sne Ltrayals ef their party, uati no feelings ponisin but a desperate ciinging to the psrty, is s nre y nomenen in our sueiety, the ecupztional hazard f our overtensr :wentieth century: it is sa id-oiegt-

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cal trds.

This fert in too gigantie for mout af un to secept. which i why the fre watiors have beca tryung so patheir adly ts pegotute with thess rncials and leaders as if they vrro sene people, wha respond to normd reactions d Phink rormally. All we achieza L;y zsch msszi eit-ve is ta go round and ruund in eircles. If w is. an the pretesse, we sbould at least proct! na one does in huzoring a dangeros mndinaa, (rnerwise we have only ourselves to Liame for the consequences.

dn just thls.

Crazy poooie have tuvn ahle to maneuver themzelves iatu psitions st extraerdinary power without their radness Leinz recognized, because we have not yet dared, in the sabtie reaches of ideology. to distinguish tetweea the mere fanatic and the artual madman. We cali both fanatícs, and we regard the fanatic as ssue.

The appallisg fact is that many millions of sane people have niarched to the polls is our so-called practiezl age, and voted madmen into etäce and kept them there. On zech ssiveté kzve the 'ilitlers and the Stalins buiit thcir empires, and innumerable nrn rot very difetint from Peakes have usutped induential jobs. Uader them, insanity has becorce as adjunet of nationel peliey. Madmen hold the mout impertant psts wherever the dictatorship principle has éeveicjed into the materiiiste mysticism of totahtariaa phtlosuphy. Such totalitarisaism presupposes an infallibie aathority, which can not be held respoasttle to mas or God. This is steer irrespenstbility, the distinguishins mark of the mad. Nurical procedures are futile in desling with such a system.

The cullibitity of the average man is respviasibie for the comparetive ease with which these people have seized power. Until eur average citizen is put on his guard, the world will conti-ue sliding, as it iatalstitaly. down the D.nsday path. The prestge tht Comaunisa wielss in the Sovzet bise sy virtue of its power and unrestricted propaga.d.. confusea the normal, sane individual into looking around hin and wondering whetker Le isa't out of tane with the times. He s maade to teet sbnortaal. Under this pressure, numbers of pexpié vuluntarily exchange their sanity for insanity. Fur those who hesitate. there are the trainwashing establishments where the insane treat the sane. More and more mudmen-clinically mnad—have constantly to be created, and a whole tecanique has beea evolved to

P'aychiatrie Research Neccsaary

Becsuse of the existence of Comgunist part ostude the Red bit, there sre trere insate tr… waiking the strrečt toxlay t any fiee zountry t: re ld in al ts issse ases. There is. groater probhen: fcing us teday thaa  keep th. d aeated prope out n? patiic life. to dlerentste between the pusscaate enttustast and the ments.y vasalanced faratié. Our pthaloxists ad pycta tr. t have no greater responstd:lizs thn to aves tgve this entire seld ef polktea tcism ano ideciogcal msJsess, Above al, the t toLsgs shovid zu: de restriced to toedirst or o s , jourlis Th.s subjee: s be cariel toi he paulic,

Socety nowadays has to choose no: anly between nerson  varid quaitícatcns:t ey julu. de hxs t detect those sufering frua: delzsioas. te pu; the in-sue where they caa not harm cthers. Henes: 1.berau and true intecteals, pecause t their prestge. ave a parscuir respoasibiliy to help gust: tae tap peopir of the worid, as wol as themseve. apair« the emuryo Hitlers, Stal, and Maos wt are uiitrating positions of imp-rtsce in maa: iands

We can take a cue here fron the experience e! the N.rthwestern Uaiversity profcssers who triea to cos: logie into Peakes' head. Oae of them es pres the somas exerience e! ali who try : arge with such pevple xhen he said, "Peaks  atiy drve us mad. he was a crezot." Peakes "courtu't be pianel dowa." saic thzse who éea: vith tim. "Yoa eas't do busineas with Hitler." L ame  maxim in the Frre Werid. You can't de siti: the Comununist lealers. sther-only sa t: excesses caused by their zztal unbaaee.

At. moment, sone crazy potical leader ar ayiné with the dangereve n.r toys w tare aì... the totalharian wotid to ge held of iy eat and deceit. We are cczirvated wth aa srmtd in-aniy; ealy by recogaiziaz this, an ac-g,we ae chsnze to save our country, the captive nation, and the xorid.

The world paid a stupendous priee for faiiure t detect Hitler's innity. We sre now paying spe. fous price for otìr failares; the eventuzi ¿cs n.: be annihllation.

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