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"Artichoke", Special Comnents

l. Reference is made to the rocent conforcnce in which , yourself, another individual whose name Uhe writer does not recail, and the writer particinated concornine the usns of "Artichoke" and special requirements nece:sary for "àrtichoke" in thn fisld.

2. Sut forth immediately helow are certain itens which are civen for infornatien purposes only and reflect current, thinking rozarding "Artichoke" insofar as Unit B, I & SU, is concerned.

I. when to us? "Artichoke".

A. Heretofore it has gonerally been thouzht that "Artichoke" or the "Artichoke" techniques should only be used as a last resort or when all other means have failed in a particular problon or series of probloms. The writer feels that Lhis is not in any sense the only tine that "àrtlchoke" can be used. It is the writer's opinion that "Artichoke" could be considered in three ways.

1. The "Artichoke" techni que could :ucccsrfully be used immediately upon the uovolopment of a case as a starting point for the obtaining of information or as a quick detorminant as to whit. is necessary to be done in a particular problea.

2. "Artichoke" could he used at any riven point in the developront of a case, either to establish new leads or nev inforation or to crosu-chnck or to verify information,names, etc. that have alreary baen obtained.

3. "Artichoke" can always bo usnd as a last resort. whon alt or neirly all tl "altempts at obtaining information have failed or when a subject is completely recalcitrant or particularly stubboru.

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II. shat Coneral Facilities Shoutd "Ar:icheks" Hre in the Field?

A. Ideally, "Artichoko" could hest be onsratei in a hospital or a hospital-tyue area. lioaever, this is geuerally not possible in view of the present attitude of hospital authorities, mtlitary or otherwise.

B. In thogvent that hospital-type facilitien could not to procured, it would then be tost to carry out, "Artichoke" operations in a safe hous? or safe area, but not, in the opinion of ths writer, in a military prison, concentration camp, Farracks, or sisilar area.

C. For technical reasons, it is best tn hav? two adjoining rooms with a bath also adjoining or vary close ty. The bent possible tya of room to carry out. the actual "Artichoks" techni:ques is a room in which Lhsre is a bed or studio couch or cot ani, if possibte, this room should te of fairly larce size sinee a crowded roem might produco confusion and hinder the development of the "Artichoke" technique.

D. Thn adjoining room menticned atove is ossential for ths setting up of technicnl equipment, i.z. recording devices, transformers, etc. Tiis roon, of course, is also essential as an obsorvation room and listenins post. for porsons intrreste! in the case to make notes and prepare questions as the interrogation develops.

F. lhe bathreom is essential for two reasons. The first. is that Lhe "Artichoke" doctor in bandiling the case needs water for various purposes. and second is thit occasionally the "Artichoke" techniquoproduces nausea, vomitting, or other conditions which make bathroom facizities essential.

Ifl. Technical Facilities.

A. In the ópinion and Lhe writer, technical facilities Tor assistance in the

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operation of "ARTIuilxy" in the Field have lenn limiled. Hence, it is planued that. for the tnmediate future on any "Artichoke" ooeration, the "Artichoke" team going from hoadquarters will either carry with it. or send by spnclal shiprent, the necessary technical cquipuant incladin-: electronic, cherical, and photogrphic equipnent. lovever, it. would be a valuatle contrilution to the oneration of "Artichoke" if Aceney rersennol in tha [ield contomplating the use of "Artichoke" would infon headquarters immedialely as 1o exactiy what technical equipment is avrilable at that station. Included in this should be a statement as to what trpe of cirrent is aviilsble; whether Variac transformers are availalle; whether er not the station has a workint rocorior and, if so, ahat type; (wire rocoriars are not. rogarded as efficient for this typ? of work) and whether or not certain standart!, hosnital-tyce modical sunplies can be procured on ths scene without difficulty.

Iv. Tyre of Infornation "Artichoke" liequircs Prior to Examining any Given Subject.

A. As a matter of colicy and untiI"Artichoke" teans are based in field arcas, it is oszontial that "Artichoke" washington have in ils possession all possible information concerning the subject, anl other pertinent dotails prior to "Artichoke" teans leaving for the field.

Set forth below are a list of itens that ar: rerarded as essential to the case and excentionaily heloful in deternining the necessary "Artichoke" technique to be applied to any individual case.

l. A full, detailed, piiysical descripticn of thc sublect of subjects to le exanined including age, meuical histty, paychiatric history, any known physical wenknesses, or mental weaknezsos or poculiarities. Is he an alcoholic, drug addict, otc.?

2.A full biographical backiround on the subject or subjects in as comolete detail as possible. (family, relatives, schooling, travels, jobs, etc.)

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3. As much infonaation as poszible on the details ol the case proper, incturling all cotlateral matbers involvod, all areas invalved, and, if possiblo, photographz or descriptions of pertineat. individuals, residences, buildings that may be involved in the case.

L. A list of, or a carefully worked out plan showing speclfically, ?xactly anl in detail just wuat inforntion is to he obtained froa the subject.

5. Any details whatsoover that ar? knowu of -the surjoct's fanily, children. relatives, close friends, nistresses, etc-, etc.

6. Fxactly what is the present condilion of the subject, i.e. has he roen in prison or confincment? If so, for hov long? Has he heen in sotitar: confingment? Hlas he had standard prison fare? las he been well-fed or has te boon on restricted dint? Has he 'con suhject to any third-degree trratment! ilas he been subject. to exhaustive intorrozation in the immediate past? Has hn boon threatoned with physical injury or worse? llas he ever ercapzd detention lefore? Shoudl he he reiarded as dangeroat?

V. Has the Suhject bonn Polyrraphed?

à. If so, hox recent and what quettions were asked with what results?

In conneclion with this, since the menabors of the "Artichoke" teams are backgroundled in polygraphl operation, if possible, the polygrach questions and charts should be made availatle Sor 'hior examination prior to employing the "Artichoke" ;lechniques.

VI. Guards, Safety Prscantions, Hte.

A. lhe "Artichoke" team should not hn required to to responsible for.the guartiing of tho sutject. nor for their own physical protection while

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onerating- "Articteke" tena mcnbera under ce circunstances should have to carry arms or de-Cunse weapons ef any type. It should te ren - berod that no infrequently the use cf csrtain chenicnls on cortoin trrividinls pro!uess results which "ay procuce either extr-me physical exciterent (mania) or cossibl? suicidal tendencies. Those should be guarded againat. at all times.

In view of the atove, competert guard? siould always to available for this tyne of work. Howovur, these guards should not be, if at all poisitle, ailitary personnel, lat shoutd iifact te trusted Agency people.

An inheront danger lies in using Gt gueros in these cases in view of Lhe fact thzt the cuard may overhgar or ohserve Lhe "Artirhoke" technioue and altheugh Gl guards could bo wnrred, cauticued, anrd threntened not to disclose svcn na'ter?, it wouid be extrerely dirficult. to guaranteu their corolete silenco.

VIl. Fersonal Frfects ef the Cutject.

A. It is essured, of course, that all the tersenal eff-cts ef thc sutj-et, will be carefuily exariued and un held available. This ic eusential. since under certain of the "arlichoke" tochniques, these cersonal effeets ruy te very valuable in o! tainine co-opcration or making identificntions and, of course, for general infornation purposss.

VIIl. Special Foint.s Concerning "Articnoke" Techuni jues.

A. The ideal situation in regard lo Ihe use of "Artichgbe" would te to cr-ate a complete anl porfect armesia in every suhjcct. A!. Lhe Ttoaent. iine, this is rocarded as impossible. althouch partial amnesia will follow.

a: The best chanc? for obtalnin: a totel or a nearly Letat amncaia foìloaa te firl ne nf the "ártichoko" Lechnicue. fencs, viiil inf'orratien siould be in the hands of ths "Artichon" tsan fren the

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very begiuning. Furtlernore, it shculd lo remamrered that as tho technique is prelonrodi, it naturally follcas. that, the guljsct will besor? rore and nore conscious of th? fact that he i. rring; subjected to chomicals or other wrisual precssses. Ho-ever, it is teliev?d thit over a perind of tine and by usine the "àrtichcke" technique, the sutjecl's mird will tecors so confused and disorganized (fuzay) Lhat althourh he may renemler answering; pestiens, he may not te able to rsmember in great detail, accurately or totally.

C. liecent technical information coriry; to the attention of the "Artichcke" toam indicates tha! we have a tetter chance of holoing a purson untier control. for a much longor porind ef tine than we had previously hoped would te poszible. Hoocver, this has not yet been tried cut by "Artichoke".

D. It should always be romenrered that sone individuals do not respond in any way to cherical Lreatpents or paychological attack. Lome pass into a conplete state of coma wilhout reachinr; a twilight. zone (talking zon), others more er less retain their facilities and can actually refuse to answer questions while,.as mentioned atove, chemicals, in sone individuals prouluce nausea, vomitting, or perhaps nanic cenditions.

E. ahile under "Artichoke" contrel, it, shoult te renentored that ir: a certain numter ef cases, sutjects are capable of.drawing accurate pictures, writing lsgihly and easily, and rsading written matter. These iters may be important and should to considered in all cases. (It night be hclnful to have the suhject, sign a comprenising decurent, write a"useful" letter, or pose for a cqmpromising photograph.)

IX. Miscellancous Hatters.

A. Every effort should to made nover to identify , 'memhers of the "Artichoke" toam ty their true names in the prescnce of or in Lhe hearing of the subjeet. "árticheke" Lean members will us fictitious names in carrying out ths "àrtichoke" techniques.

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B. If the choice exists between ploasant, confortatle, elaan surromdinga for the cpplicatien of ine "Arlichoke" techninue or Erin, prisonlike surroundings, the ploasanter surroundings sheuld always be used.

C. à room with rugs on the floor is alwars better than a room with tare flooring.

D. A roon that is more or less soundproof is te'ter than a roon where there are distracting -ounds and! disturbances. "Artichcke" Iochniquas arr test carried out under quiet and calm conlitions and are in fact hindered by confusion, noise, etc., etc.

E. A room that has both overhead and floor lichting is better than a room merely having ovrhend lighting. A single, glaring lirhthulb is nzt advautageous. (If photographs are to be made, the "Artichoke" team will be prnuared to take flashtulh pictures and, if necessary, infra-rrd photographs.

F. lhe number of persons workine on the "àrtichok:" projnct should be as limited as possitle an at. all. times the number of persons in the roem with Uha suhject after the "Artichoke" Lechninuas to-Fin should he carefully controlled and Lini:ed to as fow as possible.

G. The observation room (or the roon adjoinirg thn roon where the surject is being. civen "Artichoke" trestaent).should be kept as quiet as possible. Arain rugs on Uie floor of tha! rocr will be a croat help and all convorsati ns carried en in that room should re held to the minimun and cornents whispered or written.

H. For general information, it should te remombored that for the naximum chancefor success, "Articlroke" interrogation is hent carried on dircctly in the languags of the suhject. lhe uae of an internretor is not too officicnl atrl certain "Artichoke" Lechniques, it is belioved, would be impossitle if applied through an interpretor.

I. During the course of the, "Artichoke" technique, the subject should not, if at all possible, be

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interrogated or even talked to ty individuals interesled in the case, except in a nominal. manner only and certainly not, aiong the lincs of the "Artichoke" interrogation. Tis information should he thoroughly undorstood ty the guards of tho subject.

X. What can, be Expected of "Artichoke".

A. In the paragraphs above, there have toen sot out a number of items which, it is telieved, should to usoful in considering the use of the "Artichoke" technique. The writer has endeavored to sho in soms detail what is necorsary fron the field offices and what hazards and prohlons exist in the use of "Artichoke". Nothing hos benn said of the potentialities of the technique.

B. Assuming that the field officns are able to furnish us with an operating area and that. all other items are normal, Unit F is of the opinion Lhai. in: most instances ths "Artichoke" technirue will prodice worthwhile rosults. As aentioned alove, we are now convinced th t. wc can naintain a subject in a controlled state fer a much: longer pericd er line we heretofore had lelieved possible. Furthermor?, we Teel that by the use of certain chemicals or combinations, we can, in a vary high percentage of cases, produce relevant information.

C. As 'is well known and has been stated atove, individuals react differently to different chricals. It should always he torne in mind that whereas negative results may ocour in some cases, a very good possibility exists that, most subjects may furnish accurate, secific, and detailed information while under the influsncs of thos? chemicals. Certain recent experiments support this viewpoint.

D. ,Il, should also te noted tint nausea or violent reactions (as mentioned abova) arr not norral reactions, but arn only :et forth tn call attenlion to certain possibilities that may occur

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in the operations of the "Artichoke" torhniue. As a rule, individuals suhjected to "Artichcke" techniques will be entirely co-operative, pas-ive, and lethargic.

E. Jince veni-punctur? is undeniably Lhe most dfficient and succossful methot for inlroducins chemicals into the subject, it ls ohvious that the subiect will be avars that a needl? hos toon used in his arm. Hovever, our work and the werk of others indicates that there is a strong posribilily that, total amnesia or an almost total amnesia will follow tho uso of our technique as a gonsral rule. Again, as roferred to alovo, this will apely primorily to the sinele "artienoko" approach. sith each succeedine auproach there will prob bly he a decroasinc chance tha: arnesia will be obtained althouch the suhject's morory will, as a rule, be imporfect.

F. Finally as we have mentioned arove, there may be a very few subjocts who will cive ns ? nerative reaction, hut ginerally a cornl sujeet under norral conditions will talk and shoutd give valualle inforuation.

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