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:Chef, Secvrity Toseereh Staff

DATE: 16 Februory 1955

FROMA

sUBJECT: ARTICICIE\_Operation, .20-23 January 1955.

Attached hererith is report of ARTIClOlE onerations in the through 23 January 1955.

eupon authorization from you.

A8227/1 Office Melnorandum. UIITED STATES GOVERNMENT

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Goneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Faragraph l

Tear Composition . . . . . . . .  . Taragraph 2

Security Personnel and Physical. . . . . Fararaph 3

Technical Problens ani Lquiprent .. Fararraph 5

Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parazraph é

Case .. .. . .......... rara:rarh 7 ct sea.

Subject, Background. ........ Farararh ll

Folygraph, lise of .......... Faragraphs 1 anvi lk

Artichoke, Use of.......... Teragrah lé

Genclusicns.Tarapraph21

Spccial Ceiuents....Faunrraphs ¿2 aii 23

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VIA: Deputy Director of Security

SUBJECT: Report of ARTICHOKE Operations, 20:to 23 January 1955.

1. Betwcen Thursday, 20 January, and Sunday, 23 January 1955, the SO ARTICliOlEs Team conducted a special operation a In. the ocinion of tean mnentors and participatinr case officers of the the ARTICHOlE operation vas suecessful. Details follow:

2. It should be noted at this point that because these operations were the first AIlCllOkE operations undertaken in the United States the full names of those partisipating are omitted frou this renort and will not be revealed vithout censent of the Socurity Office. First nares, titles or pseudongms will bo used throughout this report.

3. In viev of the highly sonsitive nature of the ArICHCkE techniques aad in vieu of the fact that this was the first ARTIChokE operation carried out in the United States, the oreratien vas ccnducted at srr This safe house is far renoved from surrounding neignbors in a large tract, of land and is thoroughly isolated. A linited and Security-cleared househcld staff maintained functions of the house and messing vas by uavittingL Actual ARIICHlOHE operations wcre, as usual, carried out in a special area on the second floor of the house and neither the household staff nor the eesewore perritted in the area during any of the processing. SSD Division furnished one Security Officer during the entire poriodi of the operatión to act as special guard and to handle any unusual situations whichangse during the operation. This guard is hereinafter referred to as e in this report.

h. For natter of record,: it should he noted that the Subjeet was not a confincmont problem and has beon, at all times. fully cooperative. Guard detail was not preseut in connection with the Subjeci, except in a general sense.

5. Technical matters in the case were handled entirely by the B/FSD under the personal supervicion of  Full tape recordings were made of the entire case and tapes are to be turned over to the participating Division in the immediate future. It should be noted that

TO

: Director of Security

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during this particular cporation, a special dovico uas used in comvoction uith the recordin. This dovice, which is easily concoalable.wori:ed with remarkable efficiency and at no time during ths onbire rocording was there any break due.totechunical failure. It should also be noted that a conplex tuo-way transritting-receiving wit was again used in this ArTICilOk operation.

6. Cover for the actual oporation followed standard proceduro. The Subject was informed in general terms that bofore heing sent for furthor work, it was necessary that cortain tests be- made en him phyoically and psychologically for cur protection as well as his. Hence, a complcte physical and psychiatric/psychological examination was required. Subject readily accepted this medical cover and the ARTiCiiOkE techique was introduced easily and with full consent of the Subject.

THE CASE

7. Prior to the actuak cormencement of ARTiCHOKE operations, a number of conforences had beon held with the various participating personnel involved. All hands had been briefed and procedures had been worked out; a general time schedule was prepared and operating instructions for ARTICHOKE were issued.

8. Cn the afbernoon of 20 January, the Subject and Case Officer They
wre Fct
f the idrcsted Division. Using a covert car, Subject was taren to the :se, arriving thcre at approximately 9:30 Pll. Frior to this,
that Es, curing the day of Thursday, 20 Jaruary, the technical cquipment
had heen chccked out and installed anipshad arrived at the covert
area at approximatclx B:Co Fii for operational nurposes. By previous
arrangenent, the t se Was picked up byr..at approkimately 9:30 Pil was brought to the safe house at l0:50 Pii.

9. Shortly after the arrival of E a preliminar cenfesence began at aproximately ll:l0 FN with the Subject, At 11:33 PN. the Subject, E wcnt to tho oporations area and a few rimites lator th. Sharted a genoral interroration relative te Subject's backoround. interrogatien lasted until l2i25 then all except tho. Subject : left the operations roon. Tage recording was cut off at. this"tire.

10.. As a rosult of this intervieu.es.staied 5hat sutject's renta) anl physicrl  adition was cood cd aoiet that the pulso at 12:25 19 /s l20/0o. Dector also cormented he had noted au incroaced amount. of talk after a drink of whisky and although there was sone nervousness present, it

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was not excessivo. stated he had iven Subjeet tuo rans Fhoncharbital. to nse in assisting tho Subjoct. to sleep and it uas later confirmud tho. Subjcct had talen these prior to coing to sleep.

Because of this successful penetration and becavse of tho extremely high quality of information which the Subject uas obtaining, the case is regarded as most sensitive and important by the particinating Division. Since the Subjoct's infornatiou had becn checked and cross-checkod many times by the oporating Division's case officers, the Division was of the uniforn opinien that the Subject was fully leritimate and fully cooperating with cur cfforts. They, howvever, desired ARTICllChE to give added assurances to the Subjcct's story and to help then deterrine absolute suitability for furthor usc of the Subject in his work. For the record, it should be noted that no polygraph technicues had been apnliod in this case since a riysical examination in L.. by anparently a cleared chysician, had indicated too much her.cushess"for successful polyrraph testing.

12. Following established patterns and using medical cover as cxplained above, the r.sr beran the physical-psychological examination at 10:00 Ali on the morning of Friday, 21 January. This cxamination continued until 1:00 Pii uhen an heur vas taken for lunch. At 2:00 Pu. t.ge.s: as hefore lunch, as interpretor. This exarination lasted wntil 3:00 Pil when thcrconcluded the first medical session and a portable polygraph was talch in byrrafor the purpose of polygraph testing.

13. Between-3:00rPi-end.h:25 Pu,

At 5:00 Fi!, all uork concluded for the day.

lh. On Saturday, 22 January 1255, Subject had breakfast with an A9:35, rthrived at Lhe safe house and at 9:h5 Al, arrivec. At 10:35 Aii, the Subject, again vith actimas interpretor, as exanined briefly by

3.

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the At 10:50 A, the loft the oporations area and again began polygraph testine. Thtis examinatien lasted until 12: His concluded.

llote: Official polygranh reports have been nade in the case by a. Tand subritted through cfricial charels to the participatingDivision.

15. Betueen 12.27 Bi and 12:50.Pi, brief conversation was held between the Subject and thq withepresent in the role of interpretor as required. Lunch vas scrved at approximatcly l:00 Fri,

Illote: It shorld te noted for the record thauticct uneaks and understands Enelish quite uell a&ang used primarily by thaacnly when it Las neceosary to cenvey a trueror snocial meaning to tho Subjeci. or when techmical questions were asked that required interpretation.

1h. During this lwnch perjod, the Subject was denied food ty the to insure best results in the jTiChGiE operations which were schcduled for later in the afternoon. At 2:30 Pií and after all technical anu cther arrangements had heevarede. Subject was taken into the special cpcrations reon with ouly the present and at 2:36 Fi, the first intravencus indection bcgan. Slow injections vero centinued untii 2:h6 F whon theTeee signallod the Subject was fully affected by the chemicals and at this"tiine soecial recerding ard transrditting gquipment. xas bareurht into the ccerations roon. Also at this time, ap.eleft the rcon and entored. From this noint until aboroximately l:l5 Fil then the interregations ended, AlTIcliCiE techiiques were anplied. Those techniques which followed a proviously agreed upon plan voro in thiroe staies:

a) A phantasy in which Results mis piase were gocd: the Cubject had no control. Tire, anproxinatcly fifteen to twenty rinutos.

b) A phantasy in shich 1s tore arain very geod. Tine, approximately forty te forty-five minutes.

c) Fellorn, develeprent of the rlantasics es noted above, the subicct was nore or less directly intorrogated by.siand introducing " Results only Fair although the Subject had little control. Tine, annrorinately fifteen mirutes.

A poLy

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1Impaciiately fellouin the conelusien of the AiTICHCKE troatnents, a general conferonce ves hels :ith all land: prosent -n, it vas airoed at Uhis tite trat furtier AlTICloiE treatrents sere unnecccsarg; thas results vere cenclusive and that in view of the Gutject's irqortance, aduiticnal. work with chericals or uitlr the'll technique might posuibly antagonizo the Subject and, henco, weuld be unwarranted and unuise.

16. Followin: the conciusion of the general discussion, all teciniçal apparatus vas reuoved fron the prerises and all narticipatirg persomel. except Teit the area after th .k..hai checked the cubject.

19, On Swuday, 23 January and between 12:00 ncon and approximately 1:30 Phi, tha returned to the safe house and again re-exaruned the physical and mental condition cf the Subject. At this tine, the Subject rercrted he had slent fairly yell but he had a pcrsistent heacacle. The ointed qut that the headache was a naturel conscquence of Lhe "exarination" and it would gradually disappear. In adlition, tha i urote a prescrirtien to be picked up in another name which was for future use cf the Subject as a general sedative.

20. At 1:50 P:. approkinately, rleft the cafe housc and Subject uas turned over for hanhing to case officers of the participating Division.

COCLUSICHS

2l. Tu the oninion of the LiiTICHCkE team, the operation vas profitotle and succcssful. In this case, the Subject uas aware that. he had beou given certain tyres of solutiens but as to yhat bo had heen given cr aucunts given he had no kanowleds. Checks rade by fud later 1. Tapparently indicated that the bubject, although not having spocific aiaesia for the ARTICliOkE treatment, nevertheless zas ccacletely confusei and nenory aas vayue cnd faulty. This vagucness and failure or memory vas intensitied by thetes explanation that the Subjcct had been dreaning--an opinien mhich it appears the Sutject shared, at least in part.

SPECLAL COICENTS

22. The work of the case cfficers of the participatiug; Division in conmnection vith this cace was exceptionally goed. Their understanding and appreciation of the A.TICHOE techiques was extremeiy hclpful.

23. The AnTICE Tean wiches to comen Afor the exnert handlin or the support fuction at the wħich greatly assisted in the development of the ARTIchCkE work.

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On 7.January 1255, .between.11:00 Al and 12:00 nocn, the uritcr and alked to1 relctive the special case. à triefed the vriter in detail and anssered pertinent. questicns directed to him by E At the cenclusion ef the briefinsei stated he voifla preier to work cn the caco the 2lst, 22nd, ¿3rd anl zhtn of January if a safo area could be arranged, lie stated he still preferred vorking He also insisted that his name not be mentioned in any way whatsoever sincc he did not vant any lcaks in this matter. The writer advised both and. he felt that as far as security was ccncerned, those dates were all right and it was prcposed the subject be brought the evening of Thursday, 20 Jamary ;ith the actual jork Hejinming possibly Friday, the 2lst. The uriter also askeu eeof his feelinrs in regard to the use cr for specialH work ana stated he thourht. that wcile be interesting and stated he veuld be willing tc assist in commection yith this if necessary.The ariter informed he would brie.cnday evening at and check him out as to availability for the 2lst, 22nd, 23rd as required.

2. In a subsequent conversation in the writer's car, it wis agreed between the uriter andi that. it, would be necessary for acreor te discuss the matter with staled he had to sec fer another rcason and he vouid orief hir lovcver, the sriter stated ha tho ht it letter ifs talked with o in comection with briecinc bend thae should be present shenswas briefed,

3. It uas agreud that wculd hricf intgr but that technical details such asl s noric. ctc. could be oritted from the above nentioned briefing: hovever, this should be left. to the Siscrcbicn ef rg It is, cu ested that  cet in touch with cn llenday end werk out details regarding the briefing of bothar

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