[PAGE 1]
This subject was a rather simple-mindedof abcut 35 years of age. From a psychological standpoint he revealed no abnoral syeptoms. He appeared to be straightforward and honest.

Experirental Procedare: Phase I

It was decided to proceed experimentally without any interrogation, the problea being to see if a hypnotic state could be induced without the subject's knowledge. For this reason the subject was prepared for tha indhuction of sleeping by telling hin tha't the procedhure being followed was a medical diagnostic treatmant and would constitute a treatment also for his nervas. He was placed in a bed and given intravenously a solution of 2k per cent sodium pentothal. After approrinately 7 cc wers given ha was-considered sufficiently somolent for the hypnotic procedure to begin. No further pentothal was given. Fypnosis was attepted through an

. intrepreter,  The attempt was considere2 successful.

Pbase 2

The procedure on this-case was identical except that after the hpnotic stage was achieved, an interrogation was inducted. At ths teraination of ths interview the suoject was allowed to sleep it off after receiving a strong suggestion regarding ammesia.

Phase 3

Intorrogation on the subject indicated that there was coxpleto ammesia
the whole tins. It was ths belief of both ryself and the cass officer that
the subject had'been tolling the truth. 1

Case lo. tuo will be reported in reater detail bocause there was dis 19

17  195

AB supp. #⑨

PATIETIT HO. ORE

155

[PAGE 2]
PATENT NO. TWO

This patient was examined on 13 Junə 1952 in association with He was a medium height friendly individual who spoke no English. acted as interpreter, the langusge used beingy At the beginning of the examination he was somewhat epprehensiva but cooperative. He had no complaints.

1 There is no fanily history of chronic disoase or nental disorder. He had the usual childhood diseases including smallpox and malaria. Thera a laria

There were no comlaints raferable to any of the systens except that he cannot drink alcohol because if he does he vomits.' He states, however, that he can drink a liter. of wine without any difficulty, but up to l948 his nervas were strong. After that he became so tense that on several occasions he becazs unconscious due to the stresa under which he was placed.F

[PAGE 3]
Except for occasional headachas ho had no complaints referable to tie rervous systen.

A cozplete physical ermination was perforred with no abnormalities noted except that his blood pressure was l60 over 100. His pulse at rest was 120; after exercise 150 and two mimutes later had returned.to l20. COMENTS:

Tha first day's exarination was.devoted to the more usual medical procedures with whick we thought gight be fariliar, the putpose heing to impross upon him the fact that wa were physicians who ware interested in his welfare. Es noticeably relaxed as the examination proceeded and his blood pressure which had been initially l60 systolic dropped to 135. Hs felt suificiently relarzd after ths two-hour examination to spontenerusly coment that he thought the day before, when ha was taken from the place of confinenent, that hs was to bo tuned back to Pa renaiaed, however, somswhat antagonistic and cozplained bitterly of the treatment which he bad received at the hands of everyone cpncerned. This tendency waz notei during his intorrogation in as much as vhenaver a sensitive subject was approached he would say, "I hava already discussed that" and then refuse to go further. By persistencs, however, this was broken dowa and it was our opinion that eventually he described fully the and other related matters.

The exmination was continued or ths next day, l4 June l952. át that tize he stated that he had been unable to sloep and had had a drear in vhich a big ran was trying to swallc, his, The examinatioz on this day Las coz-

[PAGE 5]
As previcusly noted this individual was initially apprehensive. but cooperative.. His initial pattern of examination was to avoid a direct answer to any questicn. He tended to be somevhat circumstantial and verbose. He displayed no idaas of reference or of influence. No psychotic thought wes elicited. His fund of infornation was in general very good. Although he had been trained ss an accountant we vere umable to test hia ability in this direction. His picture dreving revealed very littls of interest. Ee drew the male figure first. Both figures were clothei and in a right profile. .There vere no arms on the wonan on one draving althoagh he did put them on ths second drawing.

The Rorschach examination was confirmatory of a tendency which ho had showm throughout the exanination, nsmely to attenpt on the basis of a suall detail to build up a total picture. This tendency was noted o2 numsrcus occasions when he did attempt to fill in.the details of his story by confabulation. There were mumerous anatomical responsss but these were probably based on his knovledge of books. DERESSIOI:

It was cur impression that this incividual was either an expert actor or an individual who was trying to make a good ipression by. filling in ell the details of his history during ths interrogation. Ny finel conclusion was that be was'probably basically telling the truth but falsifying on details which he had forgotten. He was cooperative, became more friendly as the exnination proceeded and did not at any time display any psychotic nanifeatations.

[PAGE 6]
PROCEDURE NO. TO:

In this case we were dealing with a different type of individual. than. in Procedure No. Cne. Pe was not as naive and remzined suspicious. It was decided therfore to proceed as ir Case: No. One with the nedical and psychiatric exarinations in an effort to convince Ithat we wers physicinns who were concerned caly with him as a person and not in any way with his disposition. This was done in two ways. Wo selected his fainting spells as one point of attack anā told hinthat they might ta epileptic and it would be necessary t. (do en electro-encephalograph ezaminal The second point of attack was in pointing out to him the inconsistency of his stories and asking him how we could be expected to help hin i.f he insisted in lying to us. Hs insistad howaver that he was telling tho truth and then insisted that we shonld employ any scientific techmiquo we wished in order to prove this..

We proceeded then as follows:

l. An electro-encephalograph machine was contrived. The electrodes verə appliod to the subjcct't head. Aftor dus consiltation it was decided that thę subject was. too tenss and the procedure was unsuccessful. Es was advised to this and told that another doctor would have. to be brought in in an effort to gain tho relzxaticn necassary for the successful conpletios of the test. This was.planned for the next day.

2. Cn this occasicn the roon was rigged as in Procedure One. The third doctor (intorpreter) explained to the subject the necessity for relaxation, Tho intravenous injection of sodium pentothal (2%) was

[PAGE 7]
was started and approximately 7 ce wern given. At this point an attent was made to gain hypnotic control throu u the interpreter. This control was tumed after a pericd of approximately 20 mimutes but was not deep eri tha subject awoke spontansously after aoout 30 mimutes. We were quita certain that he was not aware of the type of procedure employed.

3. At the terination of stap 2 he was again attached to the eectroencephalograph and told that the procedure was completed.

4. The next morning it was decided to attempt the pentothal narco antalitic procedure. This was done in the usual way. The patient was sonswhat rosistont and hed to be given 30 cc of a 2k% solution beforn somanbulencs vas produced, after vhich-he promptly fall asleep. Ha was then given + a cc of desoxyn intramuscularly and  a cc intravencusly. He theroupon promptly aroused and vas successfully regressed so that hs could be engaged in conversation thiniing that tha interpreter was an old friend of his from This regression was quite successful and the interrogation proceeded as a convsrsation between the subject and his friend. It was sufficiently geuuine that he actually reached out to.kiss this fiend on a munbar of occasions. Tha intorrogation lasted approxizately one hour'and a hale.

5. The subject was allowed to sleep off the effects of the drug and. thereafter was ammesic for tho total procedure except that he had had a vivid drean concernirg his friend. Fe was puzzled es to how this frierd could have seened so real and yet not actually be thero. This ammesia persisted throughout our pericd of observation.

[PAGE 8]
re purposes f this project sore to coppare the relativa value of hypnosis and drugs for tke purpose of gathering inforzaticn it was for doomed to fail because ons case of each would prove nothing. If it was au attempt to prove that hypnosis coulá be inauced withcut trs individzal being aware of it, it was succassful in both cases. In Case No. One a sufficzently. deep hypnosis for interrogation was obtained. In Case Ho. Two a feirly deep hypnosis was obtained for a period of ebout 30 mimtes.. The trut of the information obtained umder the hypnosis we have no way of knowing. The interrogation under kypmosis would have been greatly facilitatei if the interrogators had been familiar with hypnotic questioning tecbmiques and if it had not besn for the language barrier. Because of the mumerous techmical difficulties involved in the induction of hypuosis and the resistencs of the subject it does not seem to be practical es a routins procedure in the interrogatica of reluctant subjests. It rsquired thron days to build up by tean of experts elaborate staff props and nurerous deceits.
The sodiun pentothal procedurs however is easily adsinistereá, easily con
trolled and is nore certain to produce amesia. Its use would require 1
only a medical nan and an interrogator. From this standpoint it is more.
practical and more readily available. The unasnwered

-uu question is wither or not an individual can lie under the influsnce of hypnosis or sodium pentothal. To the best of my kovledge, no one has ever answered this question. In conclusion, hypnosis is expensive, uncertain, difficult to induce and uncertain in its results. Soiiun pantothal is cheap, casy to employ and nore certain in its results. Tho use of desoxyn research. as a stimlent to speech.during pentothal narcosis is worthy of mach more

Psychiatric Consultant

[PAGE 9]
history of the first case which wes to be studied by .the Proiect\_was given in complete detail by the casa officer. It was planned that ths opsraticn vould be perfored in a safe house outside the town
which in turn is
Since our recording equipment had not as yat arrived from the States we dəcided to borros some equipzept from the local security office.

The following day wa took a trip to the safe house for a genstal inspaction froa the standpoint of security and opsrational efficiency.

On the 6th of Jume the subject, was brought up from solitery
confinezent fron the local ay camp, under heavy guard and
blindfolded. The subject was a rather simple peasant type o
who hai received approxinately six years of schooling in
At the sazs tire arrangsents were nade via U.S. Govt. individual with At the sazs tire arrangsnents were nade via U.S. Govt. individual with

the for itens of squipaent such as intravezous saline

[PAGE 10]
solution, tubing, ophthalmoscope and so forth uhich the team did not take along with theu because of the added weight. The subject was told «bat this exnination would be a redical examination which would be used as a poiat in bis ultinste disposal.

Ee seemed rather nervous and apprehensiva but after tuo days oº physical exaninations and psychiatric evaluations he developed more rapport with us and lost some of his initial feeling of apprehension. In heniling itwas decided that we would use a combination of sodium penthothal and hypnosis. The sodium penthothal was to be used intravenoualy merely to relax the patient and make him more receptive to hypnotic control.

The language barrier was a difficult ona becanse the hypnotist had no kouledge of To circummavigate this difficulty terpreter and case officer on another project vas brought into the picture 85 8 Since the case officer had no knouledge of the hypnosis technique, it was necassary to wire him to the hypotist in another room by means of a hearing aid. In this way the hypnotist could speak to the case officer in English and the case officer would in ttrn translate the hypnotic mumbo jumbo intoand in this way hyynotise

The first injection consisted of nothing more than an intrevenous
injection of 6 cc of 2% sodium penthothal solution which was given to
him under the guiss of a vitamin solution which would be used to help his
nervas. After the 6 cc had been administered ths patient becane very relazced
and in a matter of 12 to 15 mimutes was, according to the experienced
individuals, under tha influence of hypnosis. A detailed accomt of
this operation vill be forthcoaing in the joint report to be submitted h
Psychiatric Consultant and by. me. 2.10

[PAGE 11]
.waug day ne was again told that be neeied another injsctioh

of this vitanin solution for his norvousness and he was given e tota). of 7 oc of the sana solution and put under hypnotic control. Ee was sutcitted to an hour and ton mizuta interrogation at this tins. At the end or thia period he began to lighten end it was felt that we should stop the iutarrogation proceùures. All interrogations wero dona by the respective case. officer handling the subjects and not by the medical representatives on the tean.

The patient had a complete amnesia of the entire proceedings and was studied for another day with detailed questioning which provad that he had no knowledge of the fact that either ha had been hypmotised or that no had been interrogated. Ee was retuned to the army camp and it was recomrended that he be allowed to ningle with tha othar prisonars and would eventually be disposed by a ressttlement in another country.

The entirs operation was recorded and reports of those recording3 will .be forthcoming from Sacurity.

The second case was handled in the same safe house and offered moro V problems then were encountered in Twas suspicicus, hoatile, modorately intelligent and doubted thə fact that tha medical menbors of. the Project were really ddctors. His workup consisted of a coxplete psychiatric and phzsical exanination which after 2 or 3 days demonstrated the fact that we ware interosted in his physical wull being and could develop core confidence in us.

In his past history hs gave the story of fainting under enqtional strain:

[PAGE 13]
from In this rather detailed description of the fainting spalla
that he had in we attempted to point out that we saised upo
many points in the patient's history that would giva us a cover reascn for
examining a patient beyond the routine physical and psychiatric exaninations. it was explained to him that he might be suffering fron early eplleptic It was explained to him that he might be sufferine

ettacks and that farther. study vould be required. We rigged up an EEG which consisted of six wires and a radio receiving set. It looked coavincingly like an EEG rachine and ths patient was thoroughly convinced that this was. a strict medical procedure. It was ezplained to hin that the poor results we obtainei on the machine were due to the fact that ha was high-strmng, nervous and had high blood pressure. He was given 6 cc of sodiom penthothal to be used if we couldn't get a better tracing on the machize.

Again he was subjected to hypnosis via the hearing aid and was allowad to come out of the hypnotic state without interrogation. The team wasn't fully convinced thet the subject had been thoroughly hypnotised end we were a bit apprehensive as to the amesia that ha may have following the procedura.

The second day he was told quite frankly that many of the stories that
he had told end our oum Service and during the redical
and psychiatric testing were inconsistent and that we felt he was lying.
With this ho said that he would submit to any test that wa would give hin
to prove his sincerity. Even this vas done with a certain grin wrich indicatai
that he knew exactly what we were doing and thet he was willing to play the

[PAGE 14]
ams standpo as e  ro .

Ile was taken into the room and the sodium penthothal solution azd intravenous setup wera hidden behind the bed, so that they cculd not ca seen by the subject. Fa was given 7 cc of sodium penthothal intravancusly and again subjected to hypnosis. After a psriod of ebout twanty minutas there was some indication that he may have gone into & very light hypnotic trance but this pasaed off quickly and we switchad over to the full sodiun penthothal treatrant.

We gave him 25 cc of solution intravenously and pushed him dow to approximately the second point of anesthesia. At this point hs would not be useful to us for interrogation purposes and we gave him 2/3ots of a cc 112 of desozyn intramuscularly and 2/i0's intravenqusly.

We stood by with restraints and tha guards so that if the full effect of this desozvn took placs we would be able to keep him in the room. This brought him up to an extremely voiatiie isvel as iar as conversation was concerned and he began tallding. We regressed him to the tims when hs vas. working Eis very

close friendwas brought into ths picture through ons of the interpreters who played thst part. The subject actually thought he was talking to "and thay discussed many of the current activities

that they were.performing for. "Ee was sub jected to an hour and half of interrogation wlth this cozbination of drugs and allowed to coms up to a ccnscicus level.

When he awoke he was very confused and recited many tines the dream he had vhere he talked to his friendand felt that he was actually in the room with hin although ha realized that this was impossible because was still behind the Flines.

[PAGE 15]
lie was worried, apprehensiva and completely puzzled as to what hapoeied to him and the only thing he remenbered was the fact that the EG elentrodes ware placed on his head. Due to the desoxyn he was so volatile that he continued to talk for about 3 hours never stopping and vhea no one vould listen to him he began writing things down on paper which is a typical desoxyn respccse.

The story he told under sodium penthothal conflicted in soms respcts. with the story he told in a conscious state and it was felt that if it was possible to tell whether thess people were telling the truth or not uuder sodiun penthothal, that we came as close to the truth.as any othor intarrogation had reached thus far.

As had ccmplete ammssia of the entire interrogation and couplete ammssie of ths fact that even a needle had been inserted into his vein. It was felt by the fror fand all personnel in the sefe house that was not a double agant; however his wife was an infornant for

This last case I think proved that a detailed interrogation can be carried out in a hermless fashion with the conpound use of sodiua penthothal and desoxyn without any recollection on tha part of the patient of the interrogation.

[PAGE 16]
Toe .ai Office irst enterl.Project. in December l95l after months of cereful consideration of the professional responsibilities assumed in a project of this nature.

The Project teaa had studied the effect of hypnosis and barbiturates on volunteers and a few prisoners of war for soze tire. In Decesber 1951 but complications in that theater delayed their departure. I was assigned to ths team in April 1952, reviewed the work that had been done froa a medical standpoint and ret the other members of the Project. They were very cooperative and were very anxious to have the Medical Office represented. I was thoroughly briefed in our impending operation which was scheduled for an overseas departure 26 May 1952. The capable services of were enlisted and he too vas assigned to the team. His previous professionel experience, capable judgent and sincere interest captured the respect of all other menbers of the team. It yas at his suggestion that the combination of desoxyn and sodiuz pentothal was used in the case and later demonstrated to be u potensially useful cobination, which will require a considerable amount·of basic research. He was also able to give me objective opinions on the techniques of hypposis which were employed in the. cases.

My duties were outlined to me by and the details were essentially those of liaison end representative functions for the Madical Office. However, I did assist with the physical exaninations and 1 medications.

I collcçted the necessary operational medical equipzent such as sodium pentothal, sodium arytal, syringes, benzedrine, desoxyn, ceedles, tubing

[PAGE 17]
ete., and oqitted intravenous saline, oxygen and other heavy bulky items. I knew we could obtain those from thep

The tean left Heedquarters at 2300 hours and arrived in Tthe following morning.

A small restaurant near the air terminal was used as a meeting place for the team and the hypnotist. After a few minutes wait he appeared and joired the team. Our flight took off at ll30 hours and seated next to the hypuotist I was thoroughly briefed in the occult rechsnlsas of retaphysics.

Our tran was comoosed of individuals with veried training backgrounda. Two of the xen had considerable training in the field of Security. Another man had training in security and electrical equipment such as microphoces, recording devices and other operational aids. The fourth man wes a professional hypnotist, the fifth man a psychiatrist and the sixth a srg.

Taroughout the duration of our operation there vere few tizes when differences in opinion on the operation could not be settled by the leeder calling a meeting, discussing the problen or planning therext day's maneuvers.