[PAGE 1]
Keport of Ad Hoc Hodicsl Study Group

RDE 242/1

15 J 1253

[PAGE 2]
1. Existing Techniques and Acents

2, Cements on Existing Progrens

3.Recerandations

APPDICES

A, Hilitary Research and Dovelopment Projocts ef Intorost to TDB

Ad Hoc Hodical Study Group

B. Rostor of Stuáy Croup

c. Schodulo of llcetings

PI:B 242/1

[PAGE 3]
1.1 Copccity to Enders Assaults

Tho capacity to endure essaults dosigned to broak down rsistance and thus reveal secret inforation veries gnatly fron individual to individual. ilo one can met every load to which he might concoivably te exposed, a fact hithlighted by World War II experience. In short,, everyons has his brodking point. Personal conflict in cxcess of an individualts current integrative capacity nay be a precipitating factor in such a "break".

Whatover reducos intogrative cepacity mey sorve to increass the possibility of an individual boing overuhelrod by frustrations end conflicts; hitiiorto managed suocessfully. Thus a host of deprivations, denying of slesp; as vell as exhiustion, pain, stervation, malnutrition, infoction, sopsis, and intoxication make corflict ralatively excessive. Likouise, acts thet innilicte, destroy solf ostoon, end croato a conviction of being isolated, rsjocted, abandomd or wnanted mey inpair this intearative capecity. • Thruats of punishrent by boatinçs or cheaical poisons, thraats or herm to loved onos, or falsehoods about the state of oneis associates, family or country nay bo sinilerly dezagins. 1.2 Hothcds of Perstnsion or Seduction

But oqually pertinent aro methods of porsuesion or soduction, as
contrasted to punitiva mathods, that can be usod to iniuco an individual
to revoel secret insoration wittingly er umittingly, Combinations of 1

NB 2h2/1

RDD 2h2/1

1. Rxdoti.r: Techniques and Arents

、

[PAGE 4]
thoso nans cen al:o bo eff etive. Givon sufficient time and tho essontial intorrotntive skills, it is possible to clicit ty pursuasive methods, iithout t uso of choaical ecents or suverely punitive mans, much of ths dosired infornetion from alnost any purson.

1.3 Usofulrss of Chenical Aronts

Houever, chenicel agents orist such es: alcohol, cennabinol, caffoine, barbiturates, bonsedrine, diothyl anice of lysergic acid (LsD 25), moscalins, and hyescine, and it is altogether likly that others tvill ts found, that haston or fccilicete the prccess of persuasion.

It must te cmphasizod, homever, tiat the pharmacodymanic zetions of those agents do not in thonsclves provent an individual from ling or withholdng infornation. Such chenrcal agonts havo been found helpful in ellcwing an indivicual to oupross hirself when, for whetover reason, he is ready to yisld,

An atmosphero of friendliness and syapathy pronotas th exchange of confidoncos, 2 fecturo of human nature uhich is profitably cxploitad in the obtaining of secrot information. Again, certain chomical zgents can bé used to pronoto foclings of seronity, well beins, conredury, freodon froa restraint and anxiety. Cn tho other hend, shomiczl agents as ancillary noans of intorrogation mey not only fail to yiold zich rovards, but ray actually block proress. For exanple, endety or panic induced by the aucroness of boins "drujged" mey, cause subjocts to bocore especielly suspicious, cautious and taciturn, thus defuating tho purpose for uhioh the agont vas Liren and jeopardisin,, future chancos of saccuss,

RDB 2L:2/1

2

[PAGE 5]
1.h Subseqaent Uneu:rua:ss of .ct

As retards the giving out of infornatien and having thereafter no kmouledge or the doud, sovorel points ars fumiliar:

(a) One may sinply by tallding conversationally (especially to a skilied intorrogater) say sozothing unknowingly which nay bo of grost uso to tix onony. Certain chynical agents by incroasing t=lkativeness may augrput this procoss.

(b) Secrut infornction mey bo told outright and forgotten by tho toller througi aontal proccssos of repression. Here, too, tia involved mental procouses a be furthred ty choical agents, making it eesier to forget that one has revoaled informstion.

(c) It has besn sutgested ropeatedly tiat "subtle" and oven "occult" moars such es "Elack Fsychiatry", hypmocis, "socret drags" end brain ceoaging proczdures are being used by unfriondly netions to nako an indivicual "say and do thins agcinst s idll". Some of thoso aoins aro concoivably boins tried but thcy sson elaborats, inpractical, and unnecossary in ordor to cause a nan to roveal secret inforation. It ccnnot bo prodicted thct the methods will cct on overy man in the manner desired. Furthor, it is extrenely likely that equivalent rosults would bo achieved by exports uşin; tho simpler and tried nuthods ncationed above.

(d) Tho hypnotic stato has boen singlod out by sono as beins specifically pertinont to porforning acts aacinst one's will and having thorafter no monory of the act, Through its uso csrtain irdividuels can rarely bo induced undur spocific conditions, to porform acts concorning which thore is much connlict in th nind of the subject; (i.e. soxual

3

[PAGE 6]
indiseretion. or perversions, ets of violmes reainet reri s of the family, rivals, enemics, supuriors, or intinatos). Post-hepnotic succuction may operato for some deys under thosç circunstances, and bo followed by amosia. But even more raroly would acts of. troason against the stats or sabotago occur undor these corditions and only if th individual capellc of boing so lvpnotized ware in arost conflict about his loyelty. The prêctical inportance of such phenomone as rogards loyal persons or those of undividod loyalty is notligiblc.

Furthor, by a combination of ncthods an individual with conflict concorning his loyalty mey be induced to cornit acts of tronscn and thoraftar have no knowledge of the cct. But again, such a possibility is .considered to bo romoto and practically uaimportant arong those vith mdivided loyclty.

1.5 Damasin: the Porson

Success in suitably influencing porsons dopends on exploiting clruady faniliar facots of an irdividuelts nature. Daieging tho porson, as in deliriua resultini. fron toxic saounts of chcmicai agonts makes the individual of little practical valuo es a sourco of informaction or an cgont for troason. Furthormoro, denege to tho brein ty surgical, cienical, or physical muans (c.g, eloctrical, ultrasonios, freezing) whilo it somotirus lowers rostraint, aey also roduce tho capacity to remoaber. Experionce with prisohars who heve had daaaging brcin oporations is not availabls, but exporience kdth civilien patients uho have undergene such eperatiens does not surzest that thosc procoduros make an indivicual any zore likoly to rovoal -onfidonces of an inportant naturo. It is a fact thzt such opera-

[PAGE 7]
tions and procudurus nake persons lesu ricid, Lat certainly luss effeetivo in planain. andi cerryint out instructions. Furthmnore, the rusults are unpredictable and eculd not to countod upon for the ediicvement of an exloitablualturation of porsonality.

1.6 H.thors of Soloction and Serconins, for Socurity Risk

With ruferenco to security risk, a ceroful survey of the cheracter ead past purfornanco of tho individual is the best method and would screcn out mcst susce tible individuals. In all evonts, there is no single test or proceduro wich is inveriably reliable in detocting thoso who dissociato realily, such as vary su: gostiblo porsons, or tiose who constituto poor sectrity risk,

1.7 Safoguerdina Infortation

The only sure nothod of safcguariin secrot information is to liuit tho enount possessed by any ene person and to prevont thoso who must Imo: nuch froa coning udor tho influence of the enony.

1.8 Indoctrinztion

On the other head, it is possitle to cccoalish a good doal by pro,or indoctrination. This should ongonder aaroness o the simple techniquos ef persucsion or soduction, tho danger of rny talk, caution about establislin fiendships; and in "drinlding". Also,.ongendered should bo an awarenoss of thu foolins cssocicted with boing uncor the influoneo of chcaical agents, thus cnabline an individual to exorcisc even groator caution es rogards his utterances and ects. loreover, it should be recognized that agents used thorapoutically for mdical or surgical omorgoncios aay also create opportunities for tho cncry to oxtract military information.

5

FDB 242/1

[PAGE 8]
1.9 The Corittes ree cnisos but ruitorateu thrt thu aost inportant fe ture of iricctrintion pnd rotaction aninst ursuasion are hirh corale and rin disei-lino. These stren thea thos: fastures ef hunen nature thst a won wock, bo ax loit.d by the enony.

2. ccrconts on Existing Proerans.

Tho arplicatle and rolated militry roso.rch and developnent projocts, as indicated in poonx i, havo boen rotiewd as to contcnt and suscoptibility to ascertainin, whathar sffective and Tractical teciniques odist, or cculd be devoloped, wich could bo utilized to r-ndor an individuel sutsorviont to en inposod will or control.

Although the ereront steto of koulodigo indicctos littls threat, if any, to National Socurity, through spocial "intorrogation" tochriquos or ngents, it is the considcred opinion of tho study sroup that the existirg progrcss offer littlo hope of establishing the existonce of, or of doveloping, effectivo. and prectical techniçues or aronts. liuch zork is roguired end many pronicing avonues of aprroach aro tvailable for rossarch which ero not being followed. Pronising aroes of rusoarch: cre indiccted in Soction 3, Reconsendations.

Specisic comonts on th contont of existins projocts follow: 2.1 Nassaohusotts Gonoral Hos ital (Boocher)

Studios, such as this, on tho psychological eff cts of chumical agents, aro of minor valuc xhon accoaplishxd without doteiled lmowlodgo of tho perscnality struture e2 tio incividual tosted and his montel stato at tho tim of administration.

242/1

[PAGE 9]
2.2 lnivoroity of Rochnstor (Wendt)

This study of the effocts of drugs on psychological processes, particularly an adjuncts iu interrogation has revcaled little row in rothedology and resalts ad thus far presonted. Intensive experimenteticr with chenical agonts as potontial adjuncts to interrogation was carried out during World War II. A series of auunts and conbinations ef agonts were tested and little of practical importence was revoaled. Althougi. not relansud, for publicntion, those data ere available to respsasiblc persons. Huch wasto and ropetition could have boen avoided if this material had beon thoroughly faniliar to those who epprovud and undortcrk such experimentation,

It is understood that this study is teing torrinated.

2.3 IPRI, Bothosde

Early (19h7) SRI studies of drugs reported to be utilizci by tho USSR in intorrogation procodures revoalod that thoso drugs plcyed little part in such prococuros, Work becaro insstive due to lack of subjocts. Roactivation in l950 rusulted in University of Rochestor (Hands) projoct, Little, if any, work applicabls to intorrogatien is prosontly undorwey at RU.

2.4 Indiana University (Ellson)

On tho basis of prosent kovledge, it is not considered profitar-lo te pursue studics cimod. at adding additional biologicel, etc. indicators to tho polygraphic techniques in order to make such techniques mor preciso. It is undorstood that studies to dato under this projeot have reached the sane conclusion and that the projoct will not be extundod.

7

[PAGE 10]
2.5 John B. Ruid & Assoc. (John E. Roid)

This is a new project aimed at use of fecdhack delay to dovelop a stross situation and although promising cannot bo cvaluated at this tim.

2.6 Amy Chnical C.nt:r (Payehechenical Harfere) -lav Yk se C (cea) het YorE Seate Perchictre (Landis) Univursity or scran (S.evrs)

Those projocts conprisu tho Ary progran on psychochenical varfere and as such are not diroctly epplicablo to intorrogation techniquos. Rosults mey lo applicable and should bo clesoly followed by thoso responsiblo for thu developmont of interrogation tochniques.

3. Rocomendations

3.1 Thoso having to do with irmediste military neods.

(a) skilled and uxperionced intçrrogators, as woll as thoso uho havo boen exposed to enemy intorrogation shculd be encouraged to enalyze, with appropriato sciontific support, their owm and cach othur's mothcts ánd exporiuncos. with tho aim cf fomulating procodnro for purposos of instruction and protection.

(b) It is rocomanded that a caruful analysis and cvaluatien bo mado of the pertinent factors in those cases ahore individuals havc proven to bo poor security riak ftor having toon asccrtaind as ageed ono. This would add greatly to tho usefulross of existing actheds and indiento aroas to bo cmphasized in collucting data. Provision should also bo mado for a contivuing follou-up study and report, aftor cntranco.cn duty, of thoso ccncidored initiclly to bo in tho "doubtful" or "bord rlin"

RDS 2L2/1

[PAGE 11]
cntogory...

(e) For investigations designed to improve rethods of interrogation, study under field conlitions end noar depots of rccently captured prisonors of war is strongly reecmcnded. The opportunitics nou mado aveilablo by tho situation in Korca should bo imodistely utilized by assiping appropriate resoarch toaas vith adequate freede of movament for this purposc..

(d) It is suggested that rescarch cosign bo incorporated into tho opurations of intelligenco zgencies and advantege bo taken of tho strossful espocts of the polygraphic tost situetion ard prlininary and attendant interviows with ths aim of cocrdinating this inforatien with the psychiatric and psychological approach..

(d) The Study Group wishos to anphasiso tho inportancc of tho utmost euro in sercening and solecting of porsans whó must be entrusted with secrot informatien and exposed to dangorous prcssures.. It also wishos to expross cenfidence in adoquato life history studios and character eppraisal es the bost, thcugh net infalliblo mothed of seloction.

(c) It is ralizcd that the enomy will continue to contrivo now devices that bewildor, frighten cnd injuro. Indoctrination prccodures should tak into considoration tho faet that tho bost protoction for the exposed individual is hich notivation and fariliarity with porsuesive tochniquos, drug offocts and othur assaults plus an avaronoss of the limitations of thoso nonsuros in the face of firm porsonal disciplino and high norale. It ney bo inportant to knou thet even tho intensity of pain has, a cciling boyond wich further inercases in stimulas do not yiold

9 RDB 2h2/1

[PAGE 12]
ery groator intensity of pain.

3.2 Those having to do with the collection of deta which ney improvo basic understansint and thus ultinetoly prove to bo of military uso.

(a) To inereass und rstandint of tho mental prvcesses irselved in the rtuntion and revolntien of seerut inforatirn, intensiv. studios of the actiep of chonicel and physical agonts on neural end poychologicsl prcossss should be fosterod. Studios on psychological efrccts of chozical ents aro of minor valuo unless nuch is known of the porsonclity structuro of the individual boing tosted and his montel state at tiu tinc of adninistration. It is stronely rocomonded that butter eritoria of behevier bedeveloped.

(b) It is cquelly fundcaentel to prcnot invustications on tho naturs of intorporsenal relstions, with the cin or ostablishing the wdurlying principlos of hunan bohavior, thoir lirits'and applicctions.

(c) It would be particularly rulovant to study yorsuesion, sedustion, end rosistanco as thoy rolate tc individual veluss, loyalitios, attisudos, and opinions.

(d) Studies on pationts with psychosus simd at ascortcining how chuniea agents augront spocific fertures of disturbed mntal precossos ani behavier are approred.  It is hopd that suitiblo assaying end tostint precoduros will bo olaborated by th investigators, sinco unless such mtheds aro evolved, rolatively little edvanee will have. besn nade.

3.3 Pocenneriations Coreernin. the Futmro of the Study Creuo

Tho Ad Hoe Study Grup rocemonds that heruaftur no rguler seiudule of moctings bo planned,. but that the ccmnittoo be called tog-thor vhon fresh infornrtion fren tho imaad Forccs cnd tho C.I.. reçuirins intorprotation

[PAGE 13]
boes available. Alsu, it is re xueniud that theru be ineluded in ca erynisation such ns tho Russrch and D.rvelopriunt Boart! hving intimcto contact with the C.I.. cnd lilitery Ssrrices, an inividual who will bo rosponsibls for brinia to th Canuttou frosh devoloprunts in civilirn and nilitary oxqoriunco end scicntific ectivity portinent te the Com nittecis intcrosts. Cemittee moutings coula thn be huld prosumably at long intervrls, to dviso and nak recomendations. Also, the Comittco at cuoh cccasions eculd rovieu pr-suntztions of work under contrnct cad consider prj-cts t: be udurtakon. It is estinated thnt, barring cnr-Foncies, tuo mootins c yar should suffice.

D 2h2/1

[PAGE 15]
First moting - 15 Lulust 1952

Second mueting- 1 Octobor l952

Third neoting - 11 lovenber 1952

Fourth mecting - 9 Docomber 1952

1DL 2h2/1.3

IFPERDIX C

SCHDULE CF IE\_TINGS