[PAGE 1]
Financial Statement June 30, 1958 to July 1, 1959

Apparatus (# 3 units)19,990.00

Total expenditures :

Balance July 1,1959(Deficit )

July 2,1959

[PAGE 2]
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE RECORDER

Prepared by:

August 15, 1958

[PAGE 3]
86.2

Scope: This proposal covers the design, development and fabrication of three direct writing-three channel recorders displaying reapectively

1. pressure changes induced in a pneumatic cuff wrapped around the upper arm of a primate. 2

2. chest expansion movements detected by a rugged traneducer strapped around the chest with a slip-proofbuckle.

3. skin resistance changes detected by an electrode device furnished by the purchasor.

Specifications, General:-The unit will be\_ portable, weighing approximately 30 lbs., and will be housed in a handsome fibreglass unbreakable carrying case providing storage for accessories, Ball point pens-will be used. Cverall-dimensions of case will be approximately.9 x 14 x 15 inches. Power reguired will be l15 volts 60 cyoles. Quality of materials and workmanship will be in accordance with best practices.

Specifications, Detail:

Chart Paper: 3 separate grids will be used on a single roll of paper Identifying nouenclature will appear\_upon each grid. Each grid will be a minimum of 2 inches wide.100 rolls will be supplied.

Chart Speed: Fixed, 6 inches per minute.

Controls: Adequate controls and calibration means will be provided in accordance with good engineering design. 1

Operating Instructions; Maintenance and operating instructions will be provided. it

Construction: Chassis will be readily removable and accessible. Front panel will have louvered air vents and will be held in place-by magnetic fasteners,

Delivery; One single channel unit, complete with case and transducers, operating in accordance with the above-speoifications will be.delivered B returned to upon delivery of the first of. three recorders within within 33 days from the contract sward.Thia first model will be 45 days from the contract award. Delivery of the remaining two recorders will be effected within 90 days.

[PAGE 4]
PROPOSAL

Three\_(3) Biological Response Recorders with 3 pen single=chart-drive and a speed of 6" per minute complete with pen motors, pen and chart paper rolls,

Tota1 price.....\$19,940.00

Terms:\$7,000,00cash with order.Balance\_ on acceptance of delivery of the 3 complete units:Terms less-1% with payment on delivery.

Delivery:-One workable single channel: instrument which will\_demonstrate\_and prove the principle-of these-units-within 45days after-receipt of order.Complete order within 45 to 90 days after receipt of order.

Very truly yours,

General Fanager

[PAGE 6]
1 July 1958

Wo are pleased to be able to tranemit to you tho folloving fundei

These funds represent a contribution for the use of your directors in carrying out the very vorthvhile research goals of your organizetion.

Youre truly,

[PAGE 7]
Phase II Polygraph equipment

Satisfactory

20 June 1959

[PAGE 8]
htst

[PAGE 9]
NBDCANAN7ORICOPTHOLJR

AITsnTIOd Finance Divisico

SUBJOCTMOLTRA,Suproject 86

Under the suthority granted in the moncreniuni dated

13 Apri1:1953 fraa the DCt to the cD/A, and the extensicn of

this suthority in subsequent mamorendo, Sutprojoct C6 has beon

approved and k3,734.08 of the overall mutaaa project funde

bes been cbllgated to cover the subproject's exponees. Thia

obligation of ods 6oould bo chergod to Allotnant 8.2502-l0-001.

APPROVED TOR OBLIGATIS. OF FUNDS:

Chief TCS/Chealcal Divisicn

Research lirector

Datet80 JUW

I CERTIFY THAT FUNDS ARE AVAILASLE O&LIGATICH REFRESENCE No. CHARGE TO ALIOTMENT No

Diotributiort Orig & 2 = Aódrcasce 1-TSS/0c 1-TSS/PASB 1-TSSA 2--TSS/CD

17  1950

[PAGE 10]
MOOMORANDUM PORI CHTEP, PINANCE DIVISIOG

1188/Bulget Officer

SUDJECT 1 ULTRA, Subproject 86, Invoice No. 1, A110taent 8-2502-10-001

1. Irvoice No. l covering the above subprojoct ie attached; Peymut should be rade ss follows:

Cashier's check 1b the emount of \$h2.052.00 drey on a bank, payable to

Cenhier's chectn the anount of 1,682 08, drawn on a bank, payabla to

2. Please forvard the checks to Chief, Tes/Chonicel Divieion, through Tse/Budget Ofricer, no later than Monday, 30 June 1958.

3. Thie invoice represents the total aoount currently euthorized under Subproject 86. Bovever, sincs:it 1s anticipated that additional funds vill be obligated for this project, thanfiles should not be closed.

Distributioni Orig à 2= Addressee

43,734.08

89

20 Juna\_ 1958

[PAGE 11]
For sorrices

CERTIFICATIONS

(1) It ia hereby certified that thie is Invoice Ho. l epplying to Subproject 86 of MAULTRA, that performance is satisfactory, that services are being ancoupliohed in acoordance vith mutual agroenonta, that a detailed agenda of the payoante and receipts ie on file in Tas/cD, that thie bill te juet and correet and that payuent thereor has not yat been made.

Chior, TES/Chemical Divisfon

Date:

(2) It ia hereby certified that this invoice applies to Subprojaot 86 of HOLTRA vhich ves fuly approved, and that the project is boing carried'out in accordance vith the memoreodum dated 13 April 1953 from the DCI to the DD/&, and the extension of thie authority in eubsequent memoranda.

Datet

Research Diroctor

[PAGE 12]
MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD SUBJECTMKULTRA Subproject 86

1. The purpose of Suoproject 86 1s to provide funds to the Department of Medicine, Neurology Division School of Medicinep to support Phase II of the research program on polygraph equipment and procedures undertaken by TSS/CD for the Office of Security.

2. The first phase of this progran involvod the design of a miniature recordiog unit applicable to the sensipg unite now in useby Office\_of Security and which produces-a-record identical with\_that now produced by the macbine. The present phase will entail building two d the machires and subjecting thea to the necessary blological and physical evaluation required to bring them to the prototype stage. At the sere time, porsonnel of the project will continue as during Phase-I to perforn feasibility and background vork aimed at Phase III of the prograns.: Phase JII is the final pert of the program and envisions the production of ar which will also incorprate more reliable estimatee of the stress reaction in human beings if any such parameters can be found.

8B-10

[PAGE 13]
3. Dr. Associate Clinical Professor
of Medicine-(Neurology) will monitor and direct and\_actively
participate in this project as principal investigator within
the School of Medicine, 4. The coat of this program for a pericd of one year

5. The total cost of the project for & period of one year will not exceed \$43,734 08. Charges should be made against Allotment 8-2502-10-001. " –

6. The has requested the University\_to\_submit\_a sumnary accounting of monies received and to return any unexpended grant funds at the end of the project year.

7. Title to any permanent equipment purchased by funds granted to the University shall be retained by them in lieu of higher overbead rates.

8. It was mutually agreed that documentation and accounting for travel expenses which are reiabursable by the University shall copform vith the accepted practices of that institution.-

[PAGE 14]
9. The requirement\_for\_a six months' informal accounting

on the part of the principal investigator is vaived.

10. Dr. is cleared through TOP SECRET and is aware

of the true purposes of the progras. Also, he has agreed to

couply with the requirements of the Memorandum of Agreement.

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION OF FUNDS:

Dater fhine so 1458.

Attachment: Research Proposal

Distribution: Original only

86-10

[PAGE 15]
We are desirous of recelving support In broading certain aspects of our present activities in the screening and evaluating of new tranquilizers within the Neurophysiological Laboratories, Department of Neurology University School of Medicine,

The scope of the research program is outlined in the attached research proposal. Our laboratories have been equipped, staffed and-actively engaged in neurophysiological research for a considerable period of time. As a nucleus for the present proposal, the laboratory is already equipped with an 8 channel Grass Model polygraph, 3 EEGs, and a Meditron EMG. 7

It is our proposal to conduct investigations along the following lines In order to produce a simple, rapid, and objective test for screening and evaluating new "tranquilizers", 11

1. Design, engineer and construct two (2) prototypoepolygraphs with their inherent advantages

2. Evaluate\_and standardize the prototypes on random and select populations.

3. Compare the effacacy of the prototypes vs existing polygraphs in measuring physlological responses in man quantitatively. :

4. Determine the degree of variation and the extent of accuracy between the prototypes and our present screening techniques.

86-11 B B 25 April 1958

Gentlemen :

[PAGE 16]
The following Is the proposed yearly budget :

In view of the fact that departmental requirements and budgetary allowances must be submitted by June 30, 1958 for the next academic year, an early reply by you will be greatly appreciated.

[PAGE 17]
T his is a request for a supplement of one thousand dollars ( \$1, 000) to be added to the'grant assigned to

PU An additional supplement of the above amount would obtain thrce prototype polygraphs instead of two.In view of the\_fact that the\_construction of the three units total \$19,990. 00 whereas the cost of two units is relatively the same; it is definitely to our advantage to have an additional unit made.

Your immediate attention to the above request will be\_extremely helpful in finalizing our terms with the manufacturer.

[PAGE 18]
MEMORANDUM FOR:"THE RECORD

SUBJECT:

Discussion with:Mr. of the Office of the General Counse

On 7May 1957, I had a discussion with.Mr of the General Counsel's Office about whether or not acting as a consultant for the Agency after my\_resignation and receiving compensation for professional services rendered in that capacity would in any way be a violation of any of the so-called conflict-of-interests statutes, Mr. stated that he could not see how such activity on my part would be a violation of the conflict-of-interest statutes in any way.

SS/Chemicat Divisron/Br. II

Distributior: Orig & 2- TSS/CD

TSS/CD (8 Maý 1957)

8May1957

[PAGE 19]
SUBJECT

1. Reference request from
22 May 1958.

2. Authorization requested above referenced letter granted by telephone, 30 May 1958. 1

MEMÓRANDUM FOR:THE RECORD

[PAGE 22]
May 22,1958

2 In view of the fact that Upiversity School of Medicine is from in the first part of the coming year, there will be a great limitation of space and curtailment of activities in all departments. Moreover, with the consolidation of administrative personnel and sections, the question of security and cover bécomes a great problem.

With the above hindrances, it would be more adyantageous and simplier
to place the research projec wit The use of
outside laborutory facllities has been accepted by the University. 1

With your concurrence, the project for the developinent of a polygraph will be withdrawn from University School of Medicine and assigned to

The results from this project should fulfill the rcquirements specified by you. ( Phase I)

[PAGE 23]
A considerable amount of planning and designing has been expended by the undersigned on specific problems in Branch II, TSS/CD.

In order to maintain a continuity of direction and effort, it is therefore proposed that the services of the undersigned be utilized on a continuing basis in the following areas:

A. Plan, monitor, and direct research and development of a Polygraph.

B.Design new and more refined physiological measurements for the detection of decepfion (e.g. infra-red irradiations, voice harmontcs\_analysis).

C. Consolidate all pertinent and available information for the preparation of an

D. Monitor, direct and/or actively participate, from the standpoint of TSS/CD, in the research conducted within Subprojects No. 56 and No. 72.

E. At the specific request of TSS/CD, Dr will evaluate the reliability and validity of proposed and completed research projects.

F. Compile literature surveys on specific probiems at the request of TSS/CD. 1

G. Report on general scientific and médical meetings attended.

H. Act as medical consultant, and whenever feasible and mutually agreeable, actively participate in TSS/CD operations and support functions.

Arrangements have been made for the appointment of the undersigned as an Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Neurology Division, University School of Medicine,

PROPOSAL

86

86-18

[PAGE 24]
1618

The following is an estimate of funds needed to cover the program outlined above for a period of one year:.

[PAGE 25]
25 April 1958

The attached proposed research project, is in response to your current requirements for golygraph that is used in the detection of, deception.

Specificattons for the polygraph will be in accordance with those suggested in the attached memorándum entitled Polygraph. 4

Due to the necessity and standpoint of cover, the true purpose of the research proposal was submerged in academic and medical terminológy and form.

I hope that this proposal will fulfill one of your many pressing requirements.

[PAGE 26]
INTRODUCTION :

Today, anxiety and stress are recognized as a concommitant part of every day living, Simply for the sake of discusslon, and well recognizing the existing dispute over the meaning of anxiety, we can consider anxiety as essentially a human function because it is associated with the capacity of delayed action, choice of action, self reflection of motivation, and the capacity for projection of the self into the future. The concept of stress revolves around the arousal of anxiety. In general, anxíety can be, aroused by any condition which threatens the integrity of the organtsm. Therefore, any stimulus may in principle\_arouse an anxiety response because of the particular meaning of threat it may have\_acquired for the particuiar individual involved. However, we can distinguish a class of stimuli which is more ¿kely to.produce a\_disturbance in most individuals; the term "stress" can te applied to this\_class\_of conditions.

Recently, there has appeared a group of drugs known as "tranquilizers" that have established thelr effacacy in the treatment of anxiety and stress problems. The term "tranquilizers" is an attempt to describe, the peculiar type of sedattve and hypnotic effects eyoked by the administration of these drugs, which differ from those produced by known substances such as barbiturates with their heavy central inhübitory activity,Characteristically, these "tranquilizers"pro= duce hypotension with bradycardia,-hypothermia, respiratory inhibition, - and a reduction of activity of the sympatletic regulating centers.

Chemical syntheses have produced such an alarming abundance of these new medications that accurate clinical appraisals become a physical impossibility frcm the shcer force of numbers.-A-simple, rapid, objective teșt that will demonstrate in man a pharnacological effect confirmatory of animal experiments and chat will evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of the new drug when used in place of accepted medications is certainly indicated.

[PAGE 27]
PROPOSAL :

Therefore, it is our proposal to conduct investigations along the following
lines in order to produce a simple, rapid, and objective test for screening and
evaluating new "tranquilizers" : 11

1. Design, engineer and construct two (2) prototype  polygraphs with their inherent advantages.

2. Evaluate and standardize the prototypes on random and select populations.

3. Compare the effęcacy of the prototypes vs existing polygraphs in measuring physiological responses in man quantitatively.

4. Determine the degree of varlation and the extent of accuracy between the prototypes and our present screening techniques.

The above proposal is only an attempt to answer a pressing need. It must be kept in mind that there is still an existing necessity to furnish better sensitivity and reliability in quantitating physiologlcal responses in man. Definitive steps can bé taken to modify and refine the present methods of physiological measurements, e. g.

86-70

[PAGE 28]
There exists within the Agency a continuing requirement from the. Division of Security for improvements and refinements of the current instrumentation used in the detection of deception. In addition, new and better methods for measuring changes in emotional stress are sought.

Currently, thePolygraph is utilized by Security The instrument is of such a nature that the sucessfi use of it is alniost negated by its inherent weaknesses and faults. Revisions and refinements of the present instrument àre critically and urgently needed. The following proposal is an attempt to meet this urgent need and is based on the various criticisms-and suggestions of the polygraph operators in the field. Therefore, this project is designed to answer some of the currept operational problems.

PROPOSAL : It is therefore proposed toy

a the existingPolygraph by transistorizing all components and utilizing printed circuits for all wiring. H

b. Incorporate ap new recording system of in place of the existing ink writers.

c. Repackage thecomponents into one or two units, effectively disguised as items of normal use, e.g. radios, traveling bags, etc.

The advantages to be galied by the new model are : a. for light welgit and easy portability

b. Capable of withstanding use and abuse due to ruggedness and compactness.

c. Ease of disgulse and concealment

d, No loss of evaluative prceedure due to identical tracings.

e. Minimize wearing parts

f. Simplification of function to minimize operator errors, carelessness, and instrumient failure.

86-70

MINATURE POLYGRAPH

[PAGE 29]
86-2.

g. Minimize the failure of expendable components to offset "chat reaction" fallures.

h. Ease of field repairs through cative screws, plug-in assemblies and components, removeable panels and accessible check points.

i. Easy assembly, adjustment, disassembly, maintenance and repair.

i. Built in calibration with automatic standardization.

k. Permanent\_operating Instructions attached to the instrument.

The above proposal is only an attempt to answer a pressing need; It must be kept in mind that there is still an existing necessity to furnish better sensitivity and reliability in quantitating physlological responees in man,

Definitive steps can be taken to modify and refine tha present methods of
physiological measurements, e.g. utilizing a n lieu of the cum:
bersome pneumatic chest tube;\_and utilizing a n plaçe of the sphygmograph,

Furthermore, many provacative suggestlons have been raised that warrant inyestigation, eg

[PAGE 30]
MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD

SUBJECT :

Establishing and substantiating the lbona fides" of agent and/or staff personnel through techniques and methods other than interrogation.

1. BACKGROUND :

The life blood of intelligence is information.Collection of information is the most characteristic activity of the entire intelligence business. Accordingly, an intelligence organization  cannot exist until it does a broad and systematic job of collecting. But in this very task lie methodological problems which are so tough as to be almost insolvable and in their unsolved state are a perpetual source of inefficency.:

A certain important fraction of the knowledge which intelligence must produce is collected through highly developed secret techniques. Herein begins perhaps the major methodological problem of the collection stage of the intelligence process.

It begins with the compartmentation of the clandestine services.This compartmentation is dictated by the established necessity of secrecy. An absolute minimum of people must know "anything" about the operation, and the greatest amount of caution and dissimulation must attend its every move. : But unless the clandestine services watch sharply it can become its own worst enemy. For if it allows the mechanisms of security to cut off from some of the most significant lines of guidance, it destroys its own reason-for existence.

With a high wall of impenetrable secrecy, it is conștantly in danger of collccting the wrong information and not collecting the right. This danger is intensified by the very way the clandestine\_services operate. It involves highly complicated "tradecraft" techniques, clandestine agent recruitment and handling, nets and subnets, security and reliability of communications, and so on; Isolated by the security barrier, the perfecting of these téchniques sometimes threatens to become an end in itself.

To concern ourselves with a specific problem, then, how can the "bona fides" of an agent or staff individual be established ? Today, bécause of rapid changes and reassignmènts of ourovcrseas case officcrs and the continuing operations of agents for long periods of time, the paramount question arises upon the exfiltration of the agent(s).-Is the agent 'bona fide"; is he the same person we started with ?

86-21

[PAGE 31]
Worst yet, as we know has the existing net, especially those been penetrated and a penétration agent substituted for our original'agent

Any means by which we can increase to the maximum degree the element of identificatlon will in turn enhance the acceptibllity and reliability of the information obtained.

2. IMPLEMENTATION

In order to increase the maximum degree of identification, the following techniques and methods are\_suggested :

A. Polygraph

On a current basis, the polygraph is úsed extensively in attempts to establish "bona fides." The problems of utilizing the polygraph, especially in overseas areas, are numerous, Ir an effort to refine and improve the present polygraphic techniques, a three plase research program is proposed.

1. Minaturize and repackage the existing polygraphic equipment to gain the advantages of compactness, lightness, better concealment, simplicity of operation and maintenance, and ruggedness. ( see attached proposal)

2. Modify and refine the present methods of physiologlcal measurements. e.g. utilizing a small strain gage in lieu of the cumbersome pneumatic tube; utilizing a optical or impedence type plethysmograph in place of the sphygmograph.

3. Detecting and developing new and better measurements of emotional stress.-e.g.-infra-red, volce harmonics, myelograph

B. Ideal blographic file

A systematic and methodical compleat of data that will render maximum support in cases of questioned identity..

1. Dactylography or finger printing has been universally accepted and proven. However, in clandestine operations, it is at times impossible to obtain finger print specimens for future reference.

-2. Anthropometry or Bertillon's system of identification is based on the descriptive data and exact physical measurements of the human body, However, the chief disadvantage lies in the inaccuracles of measurements produced by human error;

Anclllary to the above is the "protrait parle" a method for the scientific indexing and filing of the descriptions of certain facial characteristics of individuals.

86-21

[PAGE 32]
86-21

3. Blood groupings. The fact of belonging to a definite blood group is a fixed character of eyery human being and can be altered neither by the lapse of time, transfusion, nor by intercurrent disease. From the presence of other factors in the blood, e,g. Rh and Rh sub types, the degree of accuiacy in identification is greatly increased. It must be remembered, however, that blood groupings cau-only positively, exclude, but cannot positively identify,

4. Group specific substances in the organs, body fluids and saliva. The principles involved are essentially those pertaining to the blood groups.

Mendelian Láw of inheritance and derivation of offspring holds true for group specific substances (para 3 and 4 above) On this basis then, screeníng and identification of displaced persons, immigrants and line crossers claiming familial relationships and direct linage can be greatly expedited;

C. Artificial means of establishing positive identification I.

1. Radio-isotopes, with predetermined half lives, can be selectively implanted and/or injected.

2. Radiologically opaque foreign bodies selectively implanted and/or

injected into predetermined sites in the human body.

3. Specific circulating antibodies artificially produced by selective antigen

sensitization that are alien to the habitat in question.

3. CONCLUSION

It appears that with the development of more specialized and refined methods and techniques of identification, the substantiatión and establishment of "bona fides" can be greatly improved. If properly utilized, these methods and techniques represent a tremendous asset to the Intelligence Community as a whole. Keeping in mind the considerations of priority, time, financial support and availability of qualified personnel, a definitive program of research should be implemented.

-3.

[PAGE 33]
NOICE u mi Chele