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. 1. Mth pofernco ropost o 2) ¿oril l9), thoro is no body ef pulirblo inforanazen on tecisiquou asplcyed to outrin "confcosicis",

2. Midcnoe ie Snforentinl dut Le safficiont in cuentityt: bo convineing onl to cmablo riru qpinioa cs to tho uaia goxzi.

3. Cs tho toahniuos consicered, dircèt répalerl torturo, diclcotio peraualon cnt rebeat by daura varo conzidored and sojooted. Peyao-surcory. clretole cn drt thoes varo sleo invostigatea ad refootol in tho licht of evicancs and roports fsaa liles cnd by, otservora,

h. It io tho opinion of onl thst tho inconçauitics of tho concsslone cai nmlous bolavior of cafeaiants cmn only bo exphcinol by tho coAiozticn of rosptaro vhleh heo razult.ù in a danio cvnro in the fcetlenl onrnication of tho dezandent's nind vith ccscciatol chngo in charnetor ctrasture.

5. Vithout prcsonting tho cotailod evldonse, suffico it to sey that all poknts toanri tho toplioation of tecimiquoo of hopnosia tho ccnfosei either oy virtuo of post iconio mion trenio stato, or perno of toselerated payaho wul tochuiquoe causined vith post hzmotio hohavier.

6.Tho foisiblity of racorpliedng to forazoing hed boon establishel an peyaiiatrio ri elinior praotise rcd tho utoñulnens of thie mathoi tay bo cxtoncea to Cho rolleuinc trocei

a. Intorropation

b. Coustor nencuron to intarrogation

e. mireated cativily

.d: Preparation ef reento for covert rotivity

7. lethcda era beint ctucied ad cetluated by osí, tnà Aler roport vill te forthconing.

2ban 261 C 3ui10ng

AEJSCT! Canzuriet "esufosnion" tccviquas

27 ka7 1912

(b)(3)

CX3

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1. Passcs

a. ole ncthod

b. Requircs much tine

c.Requires cooperutive subject.

2. Contnct Passes with contact with body.

3. Sense Stiruletion

(Overstirulation) - fixation ncthods.

8. Fatigue of sense of sight - especially by having subject staro at brirht objcct held cbove line of vision.

b. Bricht objects, coino, keys, ctc.

c. Soft music, monolonous poctry

d.Coopcration required.

4. Surzertion - as of alcep.

à. Confort

b. Relaxation

c.Succestion or comnand to sleop

d.Coopcration required

5. Wakinc (sarcestive) Hvpnosis - combination of 3 and 4.

6. Danc iivenonio

a. Rapid

b. Worko vhen other methods fail

o. Trence camo as that of foregoinc

LETHODS CF 1RDUCTIO:

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d. Techniquo

(1) lareosin indaced Uy Crndual tulrin. drug.

(2) Hypnosis indnced by verbal sulestion during light narcosis prepnratory for analysis and hypnosis.

(3) Routine investigation history, montal state, etc.

(4) Regression ond eliciting of remote cvents, especially of childhood to establish content cnd dyannics of ideation and oricntatica.

(5) After salicnt factors detornining pationt's orientation are deternined - new associaticns are created to obtain new orientation to reality.

(6) Repeat daily.

(7) Post-hypnotic state re-inforcei in wakins pationt by explanation, persuasion and re-education.

(8) Sinco transference phenonena ere conmon, it is importent to choose a object which can be made cuitable and is edcquate for environental contact.

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1. Charzes- Snbotaro of Eusslan Industrin) Progrem Dissemination of propncanda of tnti-comaunistic nnturo Disclosiag militury socrats to fnsciát xilitary forcos. Attoaptine to introduco Bour cois socinlist doctrino.
2. Rolutivo Importonco of Actlvity of Defandnnts. Koy politikel and military ficures.
Pey covornmont toohnicians end manngors.

3. Politicel sicnifirenco of trials.

Evidonce of tiihtenine of cotrols of Politburo.
Effort of Stalin to elizinets ell opposttion. (Reforence to poizoning of roletive of Stalin's) Also sone referenco by historins to almost frenzied poriod of S- roflscted in purge activity. Stalin did not repeat miataks of Trotsky oxilo.

4. Behevior of Dofandants

I. Prociso errangement of Courtrenn. Defondants in row facing Prosscutor.

Ordorly and timed procodure of trials.

No intorruption or cposs exaiination as in U.S.

II. Evidoncc of Euilt and œonfession presented by ench dofendant as called upon by Vichinsky.

A. Tostigony of occh dofondant roited as a well rehoarsod and just short of repetition fron nenorg rscitel of tho evonts leading up to and tho nature of dofondants guilt:

B. Furthor confesslon of having been guilty of plotting aceinst tho soviot stato end thorofore ngainst tho pooplo.

C. Prcmpting fron tho Frosocutor at tinos whon tho defendants faltored. Indiention that dofondnnts waited for tho prpapting and nt all timoo lookod diroctly at P. Ono defondant . promulgator of soviot lcenl codos feltorod end broko dow at ono point . nnd isiarsat down. Was allowud to continuo his tostimony lntor.

Not many instancos of this kind of bronkdorm. Gonorally tostimouy wus.given haltingly but stendily.

5 Nowspapor Accounts

I. Vorbntin nowspaper accounts of trinl aro in tono of guilt alroedy en estotlishod faet and purpose of trinl moroly a chancs for the dofondacts to publiely proclsim their infidolty

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AN ANALYSIS OF COTESSICNS IN RUSSIAN TRIALS

1. ORIETTATIOH:

Since the notorious Hoscow trials of l337, overt Russinn judicial procciure has been noteworthy for the dranatic trials in which the dofendents hare exhibitod anonnlous and imsozprehensible behavior and coniessions. Characteristies and maner of the defendrnts, and formulation and delivery of the confessions, have been so sinilar in a large nusber of cases as to susgest factiticus oririn.. Nost noteworthy and incredible has been tho recent "goniossion" of His Kninonco Cardinal Josef Kindszonty vhile en trinl in the People's Court of Hmgary fos Curyed

The evident insongruities prompted this study, the purposes of which vere to analyse a nusber of instances of trials and confessions to investigate:

8. The overall patte of the arrest, trial, and perfornances of the peubers of the cast.

b. The occurrence of any consistent or recurring dotails of prosedure or behavior.

c. If the foregoing formed a congrucnt pattorn, the mothoi by which the result was achieved.

2. PROCEDURE:

Source matorial was widely diverse and refcrencais naze to significant items. It bcccac appareat at the outset. of the study that thc style, context and manner of delivery of the "confessicas" were such as to be inexplicnble unlcss thero had been a reorganinntion and reoricntation of the ainds of the confcssees. There is adoquate historical experience to establish that basic changes in the funotional organisation of the imean mind camnot bo brought nbout by tho traditional mcthods of physienl torture--there at the nont, 'nchicvo a reluctant, teuporary yielding tund, soreover, leeve their mark upon tho victin.

Hever or more rabtle techninuen hund, therefore, to bo connidered for the working hpothenis. knong the recognized pethcls are:

Paychosurgery: a surgical separation of the frontal a. lobecof the brain.

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b. Shock method:

(1) electrical

(2) drag: metrasol, canabis indica, insulin, cocnine.

e.Poychoanalytic nethods

(1) psyenonnnlysis

(2) narco-aislysis and spnthesis

(3) hypno-analysis and synthesis

d. Conbinations of the foregoing.

In order to develop group patterns of behavior and interactions certain tisnificazt elezents vere tabulated, Chart l.