[PAGE 1]
Chiaf, edicim Dirision, si

Chief, Bloshenistry & Pharsculog Dranch, SI

Survey on Lysergie Aaid Diethylanid

l. Siinitted herovith is a brief resums of the rathnr extausire sur, on Lysurle Acid Diothylmidg andertakan by Whe starf monbers this branch on the mquast a. A

2 The conplote data bo ng maoamblod for the suboeequant attcntiun A of Tere obtainod vith the cooparaticc oftha follodrg individuali

A

A

A(21ay 53)

A/B,1, 38/17

S/May L1953

[PAGE 2]
(18D-2 Although the effectes of ergot have boen knon and taparioncod sianycountrios dorm through recordad history, the parent eapound, Lror acid, we nat decorered until 19T feet on the ind v not obeerrod until 19w •LSD producaa a wide range of phanscolog ical, phy siological and peychophraiologieal resctions in both man and aninual Some af the ore outatanding effects are, the muntal confusiun, tel Lossness and atraaaiety which are prohoed by ainute does of Ls subutance5,7,8 Based apon these reactions, its potential use in aflensive psychological warfare and in,intarrogation is conaddorable and it aaybecone ono of tlie most inportant of, the peychocheical agents.; Tha odr:f:acliul although not capletely knom to date,is believed to be due,to anLucrearou Eiyeogen natabolias with a probably block af tha hexoeaaonophoaphata Io date thore, is no knowm antidote Ureat.intarost lus duen snowa by Sovist bloc countrioa and reports are avallaulo wtich inlicate coneiduralle tralicin Uhis drr and tho. raw ontut fro whichit. Ls propared. report indicatos,thal aufiicient anteriel for, 50,000,000 doses.war purtharad bythe. Soviatsf cvitparlant in 1951. Due to low potency of the ergot collactouin Lant Gernan,rs fialds, Nothes and eo-workere have unkiertaken the cultivation ol selocted strains of orgot and the artificial iníectiun of both ryeand barley, the latter succeeding readily. Hothes aleo started nrpurinante with biusnlhosis of potent agents found in ergot,12 Kanafacture tf lyeery acid is controlled by SAlDoz Ltd.'of Switmorland to vhom the patent was isauo This conpany had a rirtaal aopopoly on the purchare of angot grew country. It is reported, howorer, that thes obtaintng l0.l2 tone of ergot sach month froz screaned rye in lfichigan thu U.S. conaidorable interest has been aroured in psychothenical apatita particularly-in lysergic acid.,.At presant extenaire reseurehont puund La beins done

[PAGE 3]
Le boingn to aynthe Lmangio adwla meny o ite derivativoe a'd analoçues'.  To dste te only darivative whiot bee bosa ayuthssised La didrolonie idiellution o U t ofts opound has not rot boon attepted.Adrirture containing lyeergle aid dietiyrlandd otiar than with burbitaretos to ahortea the pariod of spprebeuclon here ap patly not been triede e biosytueeia of diyeengio acid irtyLaide has not beon attmaçted in ths oousty a far s knose
Probely thersstest dirioaltyinthe efetire eplcitatian Lyourio asid and ite darivativea ie the ditioultr in extrepelating expari. centel arial data beck to bus in orar to prediot reeulte. Although oue of Uxe reeurch workers are kon to be ralootane to use tds oocpoucxd for clinioal resuarc, sone reeoarch: on Uhe aatarial produoed fros th natiun product by the hme been alinioally evalusted and recorued 16-15
bolà Ln Boatan d kou Lork D-Lyaargic Acid Dlatirlaido is a paychochnical agent of oonnidaratla potantial valus  a strategic eento
The Soviot in n has shan groat, irtereat in it and has procual amrid arable qantities of ito isthe mein
Te uv Lta of Suitsorlanvtrtuky mie ta senuacturefol thie. miéstencn, although Pris producing tona unuer cattruct for eertmantal uao.
ocech on this agont L goinsan n th oout,both into fial f tns syutogigo darivativee and peychologioal stadies.
Tho stoste f th cp  L i ricult,  15tae occur in Le oçate athathe yald othie tarial La kon tgbe vory lou an obtalnad through partal sytthaaie fra ergoto
llo biosyatheeis Le taing undartaka in this country, althougs itLs aglidt norol in the plant reeearch,inetitute of Oatonaieben of East Genuny. Jazo clinical data are avatlablo on ite uee both in thia, country and in

[PAGE 6]
Chief, Chemical Division, TSS

Deputy Director of Security Newspaper Article of 14 May 1953.

Reference is made to our conversation concerning the attached newspaper article which appeated in the 14 'May issue of the Washington Star. Please nbte the report from Gallup, New Mexico reported by doctors that residents of that oity have been bothered by a wave of nauseaand lightheadedness. Although the-possibility is remote.it may be that seranim could be involved and it is suggested that a routine inquiry, through Public Health, be made as to the facts of the case.

Attachment: Newspaper Article (as indicated above).

[PAGE 7]
PRIORITY CONFIDENTLAL TO WASHINGTON FPT

LYSEHGIC ACID AMIDES ARE PRODUCED BY THE SANDOZ COMPANY IN BASEL,
SWITZERLAND. THIS CIMPANY HAS A US RPT US SUBSIDIARY IN NEW YOHK FRCM
WHICH YOU CAN OBTAN A SAMPWE FOR PHA:MACOLGICAL AND CLINICAL TESTING.
THE DIRECTOR OF THE US RPT US COMPANY IRPT TIESE COHPUUNDS AE BEOG INVESTAACALY, AMCHG UTHEIS,

AIN ITALY HASSD EHOCTALIKE COMPOUNDS INLDEPENDENTLY AND AS EVIDENCED BY HUIS FIBLICATICN HE HAS FREPARED ANID STUDIED PHARMACOLAGICALLY AND CLINICALLY SUCH CUM:MI FOR OBSTETRICAL EFFECTS AS WELL AS FOR SYMPATHOLYIIC EFFECTS T AS FAF, Y. KNOW, NUT FCR THEIR EFFECTS CN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. HIS WUIO. 1 PWLISHED IN RENDICONTI LSTITUTO SUPERICRE DI SANITA, VOUM 1V, PART X, ? HPT HENDICOITI LTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITA, VOLUME XY, PAIT X, 19S2 -- A SFICIAL MUBMER ON SYNTHETIC E:DOT.

AN ARCICLE IN MODERI HOSPITAL, MAY 1953 1AGE 98 RPT MAI 1953, PAGE 98,THE EHGCT ALKALOIDS - THE HELATICN OF STRUCTURE TO CXYTOCIC PROPERTIESBY LDWARD F. DOMENO, MD HPT EDWACD F. DOMINC, MD, CONTAINS A LIST OF RER-ERENCES ON THIS SUBJECT.

H/B-6 SANOCZ ANDARE THE ONLY SYNTHESIZERS OF THE AMIDES THAT SOURCE

[PAGE 8]
l. Returned herowith is your report on Lyoergic Acid and ralated compounds which you, forwarded to this Office for study.:

2. In the writer's opinion, this is an excellont work and one which should ba disseminated to proper personnel as goon as possible since the knowledge contained heroin is important and definitely needed.

3. The writer feels that whila it is wise to avoid expressing Agency interest in uso of the chemicals mentionod, it is vory foolish not to rake certain of our people cognizant of LSD and related psychogenic chomicals. t

h,. It would be preatly appreciated if when this papor is published that the Security Office be givon at least four copies.

5. the psychiatriat wdio worked with the AnTICHOKE group until his retirement 30 June 1954) studied the parphlet and he commented in writing concorning the paper as followst. A corprehensivo deseription and superior analysis of the chemical and its effects."

6. The courteay in allowing this Branch to examine this paper is greatly appraciated.

Chiof, BLP Branchit

Chiaf, Technical Branch,80

[PAGE 9]
A H-B-1 A D

At 2pproximase1y 9:30 Ai, Hed, 12 Ju1y 125h swpinformed the vrilter tiat at the resent. time there is boing held in washington some type of sciontific conference in: which H-S-1 and Amcricar scientists have been discussin; various items of interest, to intelligonce. Farticularly interesting was the fact that one of the scientific officers in   s derartrent stated that a oaewio is nou in liashington, a Escientist, H- B/, madle the staterient that experimentally ISD had been used in interrogation and had proved renarkably successful. et is alleged to heen instructed not to reveal a signiticant military secret. After the L5D was given to the officer, under interrogation, he gave H-B1, all the details cf the secret uhich was recorded and afler the effects the infornation (corplete amnesia). Not cnly that but the officor did not believe he had revealed the inforration and was H-B/, asounded it had been revealed in such complete, accurate detail.

CAAAAAAAA

2. B r wanted to find out uhether or not the writer or any representatives interested in interroration from Sccurity could talk withar. aookotif an arrangerent along those lines could be made. As far as Srer knew, eaks vas still in dashington and mav nessibly be here for the next several days. The uriter asked a ubto obtain all details possible through his own staff witich and find ont how leng osrill be in town and whsther or not L rikviculd be willing to talk along lines of interest.

3. The uriter infornegt Su that he in turn weuld pus the problem up to Security and sce if authorization could te ootained for the uriter, possibly s  and poscib]y othors to talk to particularly along lines of"dafensive techniques."

h. This inforratien is extrercly irpcrtant bacaucc it is the first actual reported use of ISD in succeseful interropation along intelligence lines althcugh there is some information along cririnal lines coning oul of Gernnny. Ihe facts, however, and details are at the preserit writing very lirited.

A 1 20 July 195h

[PAGE 10]
Chief, Medicine Division, SI

Acting Chief, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, M/SI

Experiments with LED-25

1. According to Pexperiments with LSD-25 have been carrieu er to test the doses required, at least l2 human subjects of not too high mentality were selccted. They uere 'old pnly that, a nrv lr; tas being tested and promised that nothing serious or dangerous would hanpen to them. Thay were given doses of from 50 to 150 , some on alternato and others on every fourth day. During the intoxication they realized that something was happening, but wore never told exactly what. All of the testing was dcue wnder the supervision of a trained psychiatrist.

2. A dose cf 150 was finally selected to be used on a test subjoct in the interest of intelligence. The subject is believed to have been an .He was told the nature of the test and then given the LSD-25 in water by a psychiatrist who was the only perscn to witness the test. Althcugh no diroct questions were asked, the psychiatrist led the general conversaticns into appropriate chauels and the subject disclosed certain infornation which he had been previously warned against revcaling. At the conclusion of the experirent,'the subject stated that to the best of his knowledge he had disclosed nothing. When confronted by the statements he had made, he was amazed.

3. The dosage varies greatly from persen to person, but it seer's that the higher the mentality, the higher the dose, and conversely.

h. The source of ISD-25 was Sandos, Itd., of Switzerland. Further, Sandoz has supplied several laboratories with ample LSl-25 to conduct research, including the In addition, anyone in the world who wants samples of this material may obtain them providing, of course, they are legitimately engaged in research pertaining to the subject. This presumably applies to East Germany and any other Bloc countries, as well as to the USSR.

5. m feels that the UBaR could produce this matcrial at any time, if ithäs not already done so, and if it is not obtaining adequate sarples directly from Sandoz.

\*A/D,1,38/22

[PAGE 11]
6. It arpears as thcugh the activity of ISl:-25 decreased rather markedly around the fourth day afler it is put into solution. One explanation for this fact, advanced by , is that the few bacteria in water are either metabolizing the LSD-25 or their by-products are destroying it or otherwise inactivating it. The magnitude of the decrease in activity in four days is roughly forty per cent or thereabouts.

7. This is the only experiment of its kind known by to have teen conducted in the interest. of intelligence in H-B-1 He had no knowledre of any future tests with LSD-25. It must be kept in mind that, other than planning the experimental design and reviewing the results, he took no active part in the experiment. Finally, inasmuch as LSD-25 is a relatively new drug, the dosages of which are stillregarded as undetermined for eliciting specific respenses, foer feels that many more experirents should be conducted before more definitive ansers can possibly be elicited.

121 Jul 5h

COPY:13 Aug 54

[PAGE 12]
1.  claims that has coupleted the syntheis of

Lysergic Acid.

a) What evidence is available? hearsay, verbal, written, recorded?

b) What scope of accomplishment? gamma, mg. gm. quantitation

c) Is any of this synthesized LSiavailable - how much?

a 2. claima LSD is/relatively rapidly destroyed substance

a) What incidence is available? hearsay, verbal, written, recorded?

b) Under what conditions is stability secured?

c) Under what conditions is stability uncertain or failing?

d) What metabolic evidence is available of breakdown?

3. Where does obtain his supply of LDS?

4. claima harmine is less effective than LSD.

a) What evidence is available, hearsay, verbal, written, recorded?

b) where did he obtain harmine?

5. Where does obtain his supply of serotonia?

6. Can formulate his conception of the mechaniem of action of LSD?

A18,1,38/2

[PAGE 13]
: Chief, Technical Branch, Security Office

DATE: 17 December 1954

FRoM : Chief, Contact Division, 00

SUBJECT : REFERENCE:

c 1. We recantly interviewed of the Department of Psychiatry, was the author of sent-to"you under

gave us the enclosed document concerning his temporary duty in Japan, Okinawa, and Korea. Mhile the document itself is probably of no great interest, it gives an indication that himself might be of interest to TB/SO. Our representative,"during the course of a casual conversation with s statement that the approach now being was interested by used in psychiatric interviews is more apt to produce results than is the approach currently being used by field interrogators; however, he did not criticize efforts currently being made by interrogators nor did he indicate that psychiatrists would make better field interrogators.

Efor a lead to documents 3.Our representative asked said. that he, dealing with this subject. and had prepared a study entitled .With this book, there is a set of phonograph records of actual initial interviews.

C h. lie have requested a naze check clearance He is a naturalized U.S. citizen and a cleared consultant of the Office.

Enclosure

STANOARO FORM NQ, G4

[PAGE 14]
H SURTECT: DistrIbution on--- "OSI Report on "The Strategic Modical Significance of the Fsychogenic Darug. Lyaergic Acid Diethyl Aaide, LSi-25 and Relatod Congounda

i. Disseinationcofethe subject report vas dincusaed on A 11 Mar 55 with a Deputy Director of Security.

2. It wes recognized that a great part of the report uns preparel vith woclassifiel literature an its basis. Hovever, A pointel dut that the Agency's study of aad interest in the subject is not a matter of general knowledge and must be very cloaely held.

3. It vas his recouzendation, agreced to by the unersiged, that distribution of.the subject roport be identical with that given a previqua Scientific Intelligence Hecoranduà on the sne 4 subject, aca 5 August 1954, which wao ao follovs:

1 Copy DCI (persomnl file)

Bot7

9 n Dir. Security
7 “ AD/BI

A

SI/M
H Wrile
LLT
Chróno

A/8,1,38/27

16 Nurch 1955

MEMORADUM FOR RECORD

[PAGE 15]
This is information derived from neurosurgeon at the C

ys that he had lunch withe turing the recent Δ meeting of the American College of Surgeons in Chicago. told D that he himself had recently visited the Brain Institute in Moscow at the C invitation of Soviet scientists.

further stated that he had found out that the Moscow Brain Institute was undertaking intensive work in conditioned reflexes in humans. In fact, he also stated that the Soviet Government requires that all physiological laboratorles produce work in conditioned reflex responses. It is of particular interest to us that observed two cases in which reflexes had been D conditioned. In one of these cases--that of a young boy--a salivary fistula had been produced. The boy was conditioned so that when he thought of or said the number "h", he salivated. When they demonstrated him for they asked D salivated, Another case was that of aiman with a duodenal ulcer who had been conditioned to the face of a dial so that when the dial indicated a certain number his stomach contracted. There was a similar case in which a man had been conditioned so that his bladder contracted as he watched a dial indicate a certain number--and thus he urinated in response to the dial. whether he thought that these conditioned reflex experiments in humans apparently asked U might be undertaken in slave labor camps or have some other ominous; significance. did not explain the background of his question.)& gave C i afirm negative, with some evidence of distaste.

It is of further interest that the Russians have translated book on the cerebral cortex and his book on, epilepsy and functional anatomy This is of interest because these books contaan the basis for his work on memory--and this is the part of the books with which the Russians are most concerned.

A/B,1, 38/8

10 November 1955