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explained that one of cipervisors had become concerned ove the apparont authenticity of the statoments made by American FW's in China concerning their norticination in U. S. Biattacks. The thinkint in th is that if the Comunists have developed roally,elfective"brain washing"techniqucs for arplication to Anerican fW's, it may be necessary for the to plan a large-scalc reconditioning program. has apparently been assigned the responsibility for making a preliminary study of all data available concerning the techniqueș used on Amcrican lW's and their reactions. He hoped to find someone in CIA who had heon following this subject.

2.5= also stated thoi the was intorosted in intcrvieving reported by a White Russinn llew York pipcr to bo

was referred to the undorsigned and advised that it would not bo possible for 0/si to supply the name of anyone vhof rcould contact, and that the apiropriate chanmel for ivith CIA operational persounel vas thronuh was prorised, however, tlat 0/Si vould make an informal investigation which nicht roanlt in the proper CiA porsonnel contacting either: ..or.edirectly and indicating a willingness to discusg problem with hin.

4.On 3 February or Admin. roccived a request from arranfe a conference betweer PENE to discuss this same problem. After checking with the unaersigned, thnforned personnel thntroquest was being pmocessed in 0/5i lmt that it was 0/sIis belief that a contact. with someone other thag would be more valuable.

5. A check with the Contaci Division discloses that there has been no prior contact vit but that Nedicine Division has recentJu levied roquircments which will require a contact br th office in the pear futre.

B16 HB16 B13 B/6 A B13

/423/46 Office MemMoranduIn · UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

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H.B/3 6. If you will ndvian me ar to tho docision uithin tho hrti-B/ choke ro to cast arrange to call. prcqucst is to ho haneled, I vill off and, if alropriate, Ht- suprest thatarrange to levy requirerents onsecrrough O/CD.

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A/B, 4,.23/47

√i.. International treaties or other agreements never·have controlled experimental development or actual use of unconventional methods of waging war, including devices for subversive use; fiendish acts in espionage; torture and murder of battle captives; o physical duress and other persuasive actions in interrogation of prisoners.

2. Our defense against these actions depends upon our kmovledge of potential enemy capability. Evidence of experimental and actual use of interrogation techniques by the Soviets, in order to obtain intelligence and court confessions independent of the interrogatees' volition, high lights :
the need of intensive medical investigation.

√3. The behavior of defendants at court trials in Russia (1) and her . satellite countries (2), and the whole pattern of Soviet trial procadwre in general, make it essential to investigate the use of drugs, hypnotism, hypno-narco-analysis, electric and drug shock and possibly the use ofultrasonics.

h. This proposed investigatiön appears-to-be-more essential-when
hocumentary evidence leads to the belief that Russia has been conducting
medicalresearch on the subject, has actually used various techniques, and
has;made provision for large scale production of uncommon special drugs, (3) 1 i
for their:speech-producing effects on prisoners.of war. Adequateevidence is available te-iodicate that the Soviet has used
physical duress. and/or.a, large number .of different' drugs in their attempts
to enhance,results of.standard psychiatric;interrogation. 6.Evidence ofsubconscious isolation,amnesia,and destruction of mental function have baen notedin. some of the victinsiof Soviet methods.

#. 4

DEFENSE AGAIIST SOVIET IEDICAL INTERROGATIONAND ESPIONAGE TECINIQUES

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lehavior patterns, rapport, sg ptors of rosidual efleets of trnatmçrts, and the phgsicadl. condition ol prisoners inlicato Llpo use of drugs for forced con-

Detail: of the trontient before trial of thcse 173 other rell know court cases arc not available. Several docunents (3) rofer to mcaorised testimony and doparture from toxt indicating forced falsc confcssions.

A. Evidence of the usc of drugs for court trials aud probablc extonsive use on war prisoners in tho future, is supported t, a roport of a large plantation in Mikita Gardens and another plantation at Nakchisarai in tho Crimea (L) devoted to the breeding and raising of subtropical plants Cor their speech producing effects. Sources report thc uso of an cxtract fro the likita plant coabined vith an extract ol a plant reported to he fownd onl, in Tashkent for spoech producing effects.

-2.

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1. Ihysical duress has heen uscd ver, oxtensively by the Russiano. to produce a varinty of cffecta, froa physical disconfort snch as exhaustion, to únconsciousness or death. Sone onll dull aontal facultics so that autonatic or rcchanical responses vonld be civen in ensvor to quostions irsteot of reasoned ansuers. Others vonld inbuee loguacionsness hr lover resistanco ajainst telling the truth. If the montal facnities have not beon destroyed, ,these drugs sioiuld not rosult in amncsia or intorrogations in most cases.

/3. Soviet efforis to produco an efficacious dru;, indicate that kussia has been projrinc to use -a drug for inielli;mee  urposos. Drugs could bo administered in rany uays hys cspionage rorsommel, aird over on extensive combat areą to obtain batllc intelli;,encs. ,an efficacious drug nighi win or-lose battles. Ver, little training wowld te reguirod to adinister drugs for (a) intèrrogation purposes, (b) espionage intclliconce trickcry und (c) lcthal doses for themselves or our personnel. li. Lomotisn appears to have been used in sone cases by the Sovict. It has the possibilities of (a) lovering rcsistancc againstlelling the truth and (b) inducing specilic action or behavior in the subject. In certain cases it would bc possihlo for a skilled hussian operator to bring about condition (a) yet leave the suujoct vitht no spccific rocollection of háving been interrogated. under conlition (b) it. vould to possible to brief an Amcricon, other prisoner or person, subsoquenily dlispatch him on a rússion, and successfully debricr hin upon rcturn ithout his recollection of the bricfing or debricing.

PTLPATIOHS OF SO7I A SUTTEFETS TO STTDARD POTCIUATRIC IETSRRCG.TION

"

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It requires skilled professional. personnel to produce resud.ts, Uherefore this methed of ohtaining intelligenee auld he ver, linited in nuabçrs as comparel to Lhe uao of drugs, imt sholà he far more effective in special cases.

5.Burco-hypmosis. Suscoptibility to hypmotism varies Iroa person to person, but it is believed- that slilled inssian operators can readily hypnotize about 25s of a group of porsons. liorsvor, st lcast lo,i of a. group vould be tvscoptible folloving aduinistration -of certain drugs which are availatde to the iussians. This techipe could be used by the iussians for effcctive psychological varfare.

degrees, and could be used successfully by enory eperators for interrogation ol' prisonors. It is unlikely, up to the present time, that the Russians huve developed a techniquc for inducing specific behavior in the subject for subversive acts folloring shock, but thoy probably could succced in a larce proportion of cases by conbining shock and hypnosis.

Ultrasonics. lo information is availablo as to Soviet use of TT. ここふん ultrasonics for interrogation purposes, but thcir endeavor to nnc any possible method to accomplish results should initiato investigation of this hossibility.

0. The Polygraph isin common use in aany conntrics and prohably is used by tho Soviet.

2.

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1. Statent of the froblea.

a. Collection of intelligence on mcthods and aatorials used by thc encny.

b. Treventive ncasures against the use of nothorls anxdì materials.

c. Irovention of clfocts if used.

d.Differential diagnosis of effects.

e. Treatment of cases.

2. Facts bearing on the problem.

a. Physical duress is not only.out of kcepin: with the tralitions and humane principles of this couutry, but is gencrally knowm to be of dubious cffoctiveness. Control of enony acts is impossible.

b. I'he usc of dugs, hiypno-narcosis, and electric shock are of primary importance.

c. Docause of the subject undor considoration it is csscntial to allocate spccific, kinds of invostigation to higilly specialized persomnel-vlio are absolutely sound in security. This subicct should bo discussed with cspocially sclccted persons only, and should not be prcsentod to goncral committocs such as th

DEBSE AGAUT 1E.4A.71OS. 11C.1 TESTLUES

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3. Discvscion. ly acroomonl, resoareh on soro of tie itons has boen under viay lor dlefunse pnrposes, i ut if is inaieqiate in coverage of the suojoct. Certain kinds of work can bo condeted in comnection with rontine psyehiatric Lheraps, and sith volunteors. The effects of many drugs have been obsorved in the treatuent of ivuy psgchintric paticnts, but our kovlatge is deficient becauso a manier of protucts huve not been tostod.

Hypno-narco-analycis-has been efTectivo but has hot heen fully exploitod.

The results of shock: trcatoents, cspccially clectrie shock are very encouraging. teports. show that experionced spocialists could reveal recent use of eloctric shock, by proper intcrprotation in the use of the electroenccphalograph.

4.Recomnendations.

Our present lanowledge should be extended by coplcte coverago of thc folloring itcms, and coordination of all information including covert intelligence for thc various agencies and nrned services concerneds

a. Collection of intelligonce on nethods anri naterials used iy the cnony.

b. Prevontive measures against 1he uso of 7othods and naterials.
c. lrovention of effects if used.

d. piflerontial diagnósis of effects.

e. Trcatment of cases.