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h. Subject of investigation:

a. Purpose of study:

Thi6.21 fobdeoPaaa1-5 ilsfG.

Our principal goal rezains the same as it wras in the beginning: the investigatio: of drug effects on ego controls ard volitional activities, i.e., caa wilfuliy- s-. pressed infornation te elicited through the aid of drugs affecting higher nsrveus centers? If so, which agents are better for this pupose? hhat are the initial signs and symptons of drug effects? Can these te recognized ty the subject or observers? !

We pow add to these the folloving: Can these signs and syrptoms be taught to security officers so that they can detect the use of such agents in thoxselves or others?

Practical purposes of this study are to gain' inforration hich will pemit us to detect vhat work of a similar nature zay te in progress in eney hands (to te judged in escapéd or returned prisonors). In my judgnent this is less iportant than cursolves discovering hou to elicit vilfully suppressed infcrration fre: wartime prisoners. Both of these purpcses are to y mind less urgent than obtaining infortation which vill serve to quard irdividuals who possess tcc-level inforation from irdiscretions caused ty the use of drugs of the type studied hore. Thare is no question that drugs are already on hand (and nes ones are being prcduced) that can dostrcy integrity and make indiscreet the nost dependable individual. Rxanple: a physicist with top-level infortztion could te nade careless vithout his kncvledge. In practical tors a table of signs ard symptcns arising from the use of old ard especially nev drugs fcr the use cf security officers will be prepared as infornation is obtained. (Huch is already krcn atout the "standard" afents, little or. nothing about the new.y Such inforzation is higily desirablo for cbvicus roasons.

Backgrcund: General plan of study:

(1) Pilot Study: Tis is at present nearing corpletion.

It has consisted of a series of experinents eploying an experinental design fo study of the effects of drugs on conscious suppression of experimental or nonthreat secrets. Drugs used have inciuded pentothal scdiun, sodiwa arytal, tonsedrine, ethyl alcohol, scopolarire, corpjire, rathedrine, and multiple ccatinaticas of thesc drags as vell as hypnosis (c.f. seri-anmal report of June 19, i95l). Since this initial report, ncdificaticns of this techric have been utilizcd in study of ether arl nescaline subjects. These findings as well as those of carihtana and lysercic acid, on the agerda for the renainder of the year, will te describea in the annual roport.

In this pilot study the erohasis has been directed primarily at the effocts of the above crugs on the overt tehavior of the subjccts, specifically on the ability of the subiect to retain "exerizental secrets" and naintain contrel of his voluntary activities. The procedure utilized has been cutlined in the atosementioned progress report.

In fenerel, the resultsof this part of the investigation, with the excspticn of ether, have indicated that within the liits of the anownts.administored,

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, k a Contisued

intellcctual furotioning end volitional control has not been impaired sufficiontly to break dcan the expcrimental set procuced by the "secret". Thus the noxt stop involves the evaluation of the various drugs as to their differential altoratien of psychological functions essential to the maintenance of wilful control.

(2) As a result of the atove pilot studies, it seens clear that the practical and security aspects of the investigation are only to be ansuered by evaluation of the differential effects of various drugs on poychological functions basic to ego control and voliticnal suppression. To this end, e systenatic evaluation of the effect of drug agents on the functicns necossary to the raintensnce of ego controls has been instituted and constitutes the zext step in the prcposed continuation of the study.

This involves nscesserily an erducuc, stop-Ly-step investigation of the effects of proessive arounts of drug as vell as variation of interrogation prcceiure, in that drug effects do not bear a constant linear relation to the sxcunt of drug given. The object of this phase of the investigation is to discover -the best agent as well as the optinal doses (conbined with the zost effective interrcgation procedure) to mcdify volitional control. For exarple, tco large a dose of mascaline will induce such narked anxiety and lcss of reality contact that information cannot be reliably obtained.

It is proosed that this furtrer step in the investigation vill be effected in tho prccedures to be subsequently'descrited (cf (c), infra).

b. Nature of control work (cf (c) infra).

c. Nethod of procedure:

The prospectus for further vork accordingly includes systenatic survey, in the light of experience gained from the pilot exporiments, of dug effects underlying the suppression rschanism. These include: (1) activaticn of anxioty associated vith basic ccnflists as vell as that induced by the experinental situation, (2) breakdcun of character defenses for the handling of anxiety, in particular those related to intellectual functions, (3) merory disturtance, (h) disorientation as to time, place, and porscn (particularly in rogard to the change inigced by the diug in tho irdividual's cepacity for realistic identificaticn of the interrogation situation), (5) language changes (alteration of syatol-referent relationship).

Experinental Design:

I. Baseline evaluation of above functions ty:

(a) Physical exanination

(b) Psychiatric intervien

(c) Psychcmotric exzination

(1) Rorschach

(2) Terstic Apperception Test

(3) Projective Dravings

(h) Costalt Perccpticn

(5) Languace anelysis based on 3,000 vork sanple of sterdardised interview

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II. Ad-inistraticn of drug and repetition of evaluative procedures as above, plus the "e:perimental secret" technic.

III.' Placeto Eperironts and the "Unknowms Technic": A placeko session vill Le interposed in a series of drcg sessions to control sugsestive effccts of experinental procecuro ard to establish as objectively ard soundly as possible the observations of the experinental tean. These vill te a part of the study vhere the agents used are erployed as unkncins, unkroum to all renbars of the tean engaged in evaluation. Previcus work in this laboratory has shcn that the "unknoms technic" is absplutely esscntial when subjeotive resoses are doalt with. The investigator's bias st be renoved in this way. Using the sare subject for as many different drugs as is zedically feasible constitutes a control on individual differences. In the light of previous experizents it is judged that pentothal sodiun, tarihuana, scopolarine, morpiine, ether, nescaline, and probably lysergic acid and its derivatives will be drugs of particular interest in this stage of the investigation.

. Completion of this phase of the study will provide the infcr-aticn needed to drax up a table of drig signs and symptoms - subjective and objective - referred to in tha "Purpose" section aboze.

Iv. A fourth phase of the work will be, concerned in the future, as in the past, vith the nourological effects of the agents studied, in this instance under eoperirental conditions.

Te basic knoxledge of the effects of these drugs on psycholcgical functicning will then perrit specific informed hopotheses of the "which drug for vhich purpose" nature, hhich should then te critically tested under "field" corditicns, i.e., prisoners of war, if possible, Federal prisoners, if possible, security officors, etc., under threat concitions beyond the scope of civilian experizentation.

L'c. Contirued