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RGUTHIG AD RJORD SHENT

CONFIDENTIAL t12- C1O

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D-Lyscrgic Acid Diethylanide (LSD-25)

Although the effects of ergot have been kow and experienced by

1 -many countries .dova throvgh recorded history. the parent compound, 2 lyserric acid, was not discovered until l934. The LSD effect on the 3 mind was not observed until l943. LSD produces a widc range of.

-pharacological, physiological and psychophysiological reactions in both 4,5,6 man and animals.

Soze of the more outstanding effects are the mental confusion, helplessness and extrene anciety which are produced by minute dosès of 5,7 this substance. Based upon these reactions, its potential use by. enexy nations in offensive psychological warfare and in interrogation .is considerable and it ray becone one of their most important psychochemical agents. To date there is no knowm antidote.

\- Great interest in ergot has been show by the Soviet bloc countries. Due to low potency of the ergot collected in East German rye fields, kothes and co-workers have undertaken the cultivation of selected strains of ergot and the artificial infecticn of both rye and 9 barley..

The manufacture of lysergic acid is controlled by SANDOZ Ltd. 20
of Switzerland to whcn the patent was issued. This company until
recently had a virtual zonopoly on the purchase of ergot grown in the
United States. In the United States considerable interest has been

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aroused in paychocheaical agents and particularly in lysergic acid for use in psychiatric hospitals. Admixturcp containing lysergic acid diethyl:unido other than with barbiturates to shorten the period of apprehension have apparently not been tried. The biosynthesis of d-lysergic acid diethylamide has not been attempbed in this country as far as we kow.

of lysergic acid and its derivatives is the difficulty in extrapolating 11 experimental animal data back to huzans in order to predict results.

SUMARY

1. D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a psychochemical agent of considerable potential value as a strategic agent.

2. The Soviet Union has shown great interest in it and has procured considerable quantities of it.

3. The SANDOZ Ltd of Switzerland is the najor manufacturer of this substance..

4. Research on psychological studies with this agent is going on in this country.

5. The synthesis of this compound is long and difficult, and 15 stages occur in the organic synthesis. The yield of this material is knowm to be very low when obtained through partial synthosis from ergot.

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6. No biosynthesis is being undcrtaken in this country.

7. Some clinical data are available on its use both in this country

. and in Europe.

3

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4. Sandoz Ltd., Report fron the Pharracolory Latoratories, November, 1952

5. Condrau, G., "Clinical Exeriences with Lysergic Acid-Diethylamide in Nornal and Kentally Sick Persons." Acta Psychiat. et. surol., Vol, 24, pp, 9-32, 1949

8. W, Mayer-Gross, NcAdan, W., Walker, J. W. NATUPE, Londcn, Vol. lé3, pp. 827-82s. 1951 "Psycholcgical & Biocherical Effects c Lysergie Acid Diethylaride."

10. Patent Specification 579,484. Appl. Date (U.K.) April 25, 1944. Granted August 6, 1946..

ll. Becker, A. M. "The Psychcpathology of the Lyseraic Acid Diethylazide Effect." Wien. Z. Nervenhk. Vol. II, pp. 1-54. 1949. ID. 740993

12. Rinkel, M., DeShon, H. J., Hyde, R. W. & Soloron, H. C. "Eperinental Schizophrenia-Like Symptons." Azerican Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 108, pp. 572–578, 1952.

13. DeShon, H. J., Rinkel, N., & Solonón, H. C.: "Mental Changes Experimentally Produced by Lysergic Acid Diethylazide." The Psychiatric Quarterly, Vol. 26, pp. 33-53, 1952.

APPENDIX A

Sclected LSD Roferences

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14. Hoch, P. H., Cattell, J. P., & Pennes, H. H.: "Erfeets of Heacaline and Lycerric Acid" Amorien .ournal of Poychiatry, Vol. l03, pp.579- 584, 1952.

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Life Cycle of Errot

a. Head of rye with prozinent hardened, dark-red fungus bodies - ergot

b. Sprouting crgot with several stalked globular heads

c. Flask-shaped cavities irbedded in the surface of a single head

d. Single cavity with nurerous tube-like sexual sacs or asci

e. Filifora ascspores in closed and opened sacs

f. Single ascspores, cazable of infecting rye flowers, forming a myceliuntherein

g. Myceliua, spreading in the grain tissue, foring bead-like, asexual spores (conidia) for further' infections

APPEIDIX B