[PAGE 1]
Epecyset fon 1957  qputin of TS0

very difficult to describe and evaluate in terns of accomplishment,

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cost, and potential benefit to clandestine operations. The whole-

if. the éffort. shoula be continued'énd rhat coúrse it shóuld take. b.-Because-of-the-scsreityor-poaitive-motleage-mich-tire and nozey is being. spent on Yairly basie research and extensive testing and experizentation.: This type of activity cannot be measured in terme of concrete results nor. can dollar values be aplied. It requires en
epaisalof theobjectives of the-progras fronthetecfievothe operatioral benefits to be derivèd, "veighed against the"allocaticr or
ReD.rapover, and fuds. c-In considering-the-objectives,it is-bélptui\_to exarine the. operational problems the progren is-desigoed to.neet:Onetof tha rajor problens is that of improved interrogation techniques. Vany difrereat
methods are used to break doim an individual's resistance to interrogation
but there is alsaya-doubt-abeut-the-aceuraey-and reliability-ofinzormation obtained by the classical nethods of pressure, duress or torture. The use of drugs or psychochemicals in this respect is not new. So-called "truth serms" heve bean used, sozetizes successfully but nore ofter not. The approach being taken by Chemical Division is to use psycbocheicals to ereate within the individual a nental and emotional situation which will release hin from the restraint of self-control and irduçe bis to reveal information willingly under adroit zonipulation.

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d-Relate-to-the-inprovementof-offensiveinterrogstion
techniques is the developent of defensive measures against opposition
interrogatioza. lcriedge-gained in the forer will lead to counter
measures for the protection of Agenc cersornel and inforration con
cerningAgency activities.This-is-enother objective of the progren. e. The.potential use of psychochoicals in political action
operations is vell recognized, citkongh ithas not been explored as "…S
thorcuz-ly es night-hs-exectedChemical Division-includes-it as an
objective\_of its progan to he prepared ta,supporior make such opera-
-tions-possible.-Non-cheical methods of-accoplishing political-action 1:+2
operatioms are also included in the progrem. fTesser crje-iives.but perhaps,of equalirgortance are and practicelia to-case oicers-in.handling-agents.In.total,
the.onjectives nre.consideredio De somnd Certainly,research leading to e better understanding of the vorkingsof. the humen mind.is\_an. essen
tial elerent of niteirigenca and atything that contributes to the predic ::
tion.ofhuraenhehavior.on-rekes-possibleite.sirectionor-coatrlis.of inestirable.value.

g."Soze concrete results have been achieved. Six specific products have been developed ard are evailable for operational use. Thrce of then, P, C, and Cg, are discrediting and disabling meterials which can be aêninistered unwittingly end permit the exercise of a measure of control over the actions of thesubjec. These have been used in six difrerent operations on a total of 33 subjects. The other products are

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華 K, a knockout raterial used to facilitate usconscibusness Ka alcohol extender uhich producesa degree of inebriatioa-outoi-proportion. to the. anount\_of. alcoholconsuned end; Agi which-is-a-stimlant sinilar to Benzedrine in-its effect but without its undesirable after-effects. A manual has been produced vnich analyzes methods used by Coriunist security. forces in the.arrest;interrogation and Indoctriñétión- of "enenies of the state."Two other manuals of lesser-distinction bave been.pulishedOne. deseribea methos-of-administeriag drugs orchenical materials .surrentiticusly.and.risdirecting-attention-of-a-subject.-.The other is. devoted.tc knd .mathods of inrluencing

free choice..Other.studies ere still-in process-vhich,-it is-anticipated, will produce more profonnd knovledge. on the subject of influencing huran béhavior. h.. At the-present tire,there-are a substantial number of active
projects.concerned,with-substantive-research in-the-behaviorel-field.
Sincenany.of then.include,ather.ectivities,itis-Botpractical-to-try
to segregate those contracts which have direct applicetion or"to apportion
those with-multiple objectivesThe\_total extentof the.effort,-hovever
can be fairly eccurately described. i. Extensive research is being conducted by-two organizationa in

. which the Agency bas-substantial interests. One is the a research foundation with headquerters in Hashington." It is supported in part by the Agency and is used principally ás"a"fuñiding méčhanism to finance research projects. In addition to its use as a cover facility, it provides useful information in several areas of medical research and

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sponsored by The nedical menber of CD Staff is accrediced to The other orpanication-is -the 1-. This is-wholly supported by the Agency as-2 cover-fecilityThe.Society-bas te full-tine explovees-end a-higa-level. Board of Directors who ostensibly provide furds for.reseanch inthe Jesser known ecolosical especta of moanity. As E.cover.feci7it, it,io o effective snd less costly then J.. Substartive research in the behavioral Tiela is being ccräucted under contract at several universities throushcut the country.: the University is\_exploring.the efrects.on hizan tissue.c lysergic. scid, the princival ingredient of P versity is working on knockout materials vhile Universi is searobing.for antidotea for sinilar raterials.-At Unizersity researchers are seecirs en antasonist,fa etiyl.elcoholto-protidea defense-asainst-intosication At tha.Uairarsity oneothe country's forerost authorities-on byrnotism is\_evemining the. velidity of the hypnotic state end-neasuing-the.efpect of hypnosis- outhe mn nind A project at University is concerned with research in neurolegy to determine.the effect-of erotiozal stress-and-the-resuiting-strict-al: damage to the brain or other tissue of-the huzan body. k. A major probles in. the behavioral progran is-that or srrerging for end condueting the-essential tests and experimentation which proiuce the basic data for the development of techniques and the epplication of the end produet to operational use. This is a tine-consuing and costly

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process-but.one\_vhich Lust baaccoaplished carefully-and-thoroughly.
There.are no short-cuts-or substitutes which can be applied. Because or
-the-unconventional use of the materiels involved, CD has-hed added
difriculty in' obtaining expert services and facilities to conduct tests
and experlzents.-Sose or.the-activities are considered to be pro-essicnally
unathtcel-ard-in-some-instances-border on the.illegel These
have not been entirely surmounted-but good progress is. being rade Anotber
problec-is-raised by the lack o-professional koyledge-of-Jysergic bcid
the basic. substance with which CD is concerned. Very little research
has been dons by the redical professior and CD is breeking nev grcund
in its efforts to develóg this material for operational use. 1. Prelimirary tests ena experinents are generally conducted
on enirals.--For this purpose, CD has engaged the services and fecilities
of such-institutions es /Thellational:Institute-of Mental Healthlconduets-tests.on ita pe colory to-stuty tha efrecta oi-P and kockcut material era haa. provided vlonof-ogeratiorelvalue.Human exoerimentet
dirricult to sccoplish.The best results have been.obteined frca mental Jnstitetions-such.as Narcotics Aadictior-Hospital,-Lexington, Ky., (An arrangement is in processwith the which is expected
to próluce valuable results.Even vith all. the data gathered.frcathese.
institütions there remains e considerable eres of.doubt. Thése tests and experizents ere conducted under controlled conditions and the results may bs quite different fron those obtained in the operational use of the

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.material.-In-this respect, must be considered as exgerinental as well.Much.more-testing must be"con
ducted before-the-behaviora-nro-can-be-considered-to have accozplisheà
-its.objectives.

In-aloostfive-yeers since-FIscal r952 the program has" cost epproxirately ITais includes funds to support the Jand part of the cost of supporting

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and other scientific professions.At thic point in time it is impossible

to assess eccirately the potential of the program or to estimate the

value of the anticirated results." It is believed, hovever, that the progran should ba continued with the adjuration that. it be conducted as economically as possible.

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