[PAGE 1]
At Aaount of Date of Criginal FeriodTine Extended.. Allotnent Authorization Covered To Rupnder Caligation 000.60 20. Heril istal year

Aditional Porioá Tive EtocdedAllotcent Mhaber proumt of Obl1gation Authorisetioáe Covered—to 1V1 11221390222 2,22221 3 41 2125-1393962 727269

Invoice Musber Date 71 25pad1910 2 fuly 2 921219 开5 7272.09

TEWOICE CEECK LTST

[PAGE 2]
Purpose: To study levele of motivatica as related to certain peraonality characteristics.(MKULTRA 1ll).

Initiated:: Funds obligsted 14 July 1961, (Sccond year of support for work expccted to take threo years.)

Contractori as a grantee of the

Cost: \$13,000.00 (Previous year's budget was \$14, 000. 00).

Statue: Continuing on schedule.

[PAGE 6]
June 1, 1960 through-May-31-1962—Received

Exoended 19611962Total

Salaries 9,352.004.793.60--14-145.60

Wages 3.841.605,964.009,805.60

Maintenance417.20607.601,024.80

Totals :13,610.80 11,365.00.24,974.00

This-is-a true statement of accounting as-translated from as subritted to the Fund

INY 3 7,272.09
2 S,727.91
1 14,000.00

I have exanired and ceel ths ou-aiste expcnditures.

Dato:-V/k

A, B.<, F

\$27,360.00

Feb4,-1963

[PAGE 7]
The enclosed is for yourfile. We cannot expect an accounting until the end of his second grant year. Meanwhile, I am making plons to renew this gront out of our current funds.

Am looking forward to chotting with you about

Enclosure

B <

March 26, 1962

[PAGE 8]
PROGRESSREPORT

1st Juno,196131st-May,1962.

THE-MEASURHMENTOFMOPVATION

[PAGE 9]
During the past year-one experiment has been finished on the main part of the investigation-namely-the study of reminiscence as:a measure of drive. Using over-600 high=drive-and low-drive-subjects it was demonstrated that for the-low drive.groups. reminiscence scores on-the pursuit rotor remain at a-relätively low level irrespective\_of the length of prerest practice whercas forthe high drive group reminiscence scores increased in a.linear ashion as a-function-of the logarithm of. the length of the prerest practice period.Prc-rost periods of two minutes, 3 minutes, 6,8, 12 and 15 minutes, have been used-so-fary-and-even-with the-fifteen-minute period there-is-no-sign \_of-anyzapproech to an asymptote.-These results are in line with prediction-and-show-thet.reminiscence is indeed en excellent... measure of drive.

Results are contrary to prediction as far-as performance is concerned; however, there being no performance-differences at-all between the hirh drive and the low drive groups.This finding-is quite contrary to what would have been expected on any psychological theory, and accordingly during the second part of-the-past-year-the whole ssudy was repeated on another group of approximately-80o-high drive andlow. drive subjectsThis study differed frona the previous one-intwo-respects: further.pre-rest-practioperiods were introduced, and the rest pause was lengthened from-six-minutes to ten minutes, to. investigate the possibility that the dissipation of reactive inhibition during the rest pause might not have been complete. Analysis of these resulte is not yet finishod,-but\_there seoms to be no doubt that the data strungly support the conclusions derived from the original

[PAGE 10]
study.

It was hypothesized\_that\_the failurs to discover,differences in performance botween high and-low drive groups on-the pursuit. rotor was a funotion of the task involved; \_and-several-other-tasks have-been employed dúrig the past year. The most-importantof-these-are-(1)-eye-blink-conditioningi (2) self-paced multiple\_reaction time-determinations;:(3) easy and difficult clerical-type crossing out-experiments-of.nuabers and letters; (4)-lcarning of paired associates-on the-memory drum. Sone but-not-all-of-these exporiments have been completod:but-anelysis-is-still in progress.--It:is proposed to add.to-these in the-coming-year-further-tpsts, inoluding (5) GSR conditioningi (6) measures-of perceptual thresholds; (7) suggestibility (body sway);and (8)\_mirror drawing:Arrangements have:been made-for these tests to be given, but approval is awaitod for the-eoptinuation of the grant for a third year.

It is further planned to pursue certain-theoretical points by compəring the porformance.of-high.drive-and-low-drive\_ groups on-theparsuit rotor under conditions of-spaced-practice;-this is hoped to throw somelight on the puzsling problem on-tho failure-of perforaence. to differentiate the two groups.

There has boen some delay.in\_delivery of-the-apparatus requested in last year's anticipated budget (eloctronic tape data recorder), and it. has been necessary to continue most of the time with borrowed equipment. Preliminary data suggest that a·very detailed analysis:of performance during a continuous tapping task makes possible measurement of drive and motivation along quite novel lines. In this work we measure to the neerest l00o/sec.

[PAGE 11]
the duration of each tap:and also\_theduration\_ot-the interval-betweentaps; whon those data are.plotted (psrticularly theintervals-between taps) involuntary rest-pauses due-to-inhibition stard out very clearly and their frequency and distribution can-bo relatod to dcgree of drive. It is hoped that in the-coming yoar a definitive study along these:lines can be completed.

Below are given the-publications so far resulting from the study under this grant.In-view\_of\_the-large-amount of material available-the writer has contracted.with-tho to publish the main results in book forn under the title at the end of what is hoped to be-the-third-year-of this grsnt.For-this-reason-much of:the matorial that could have been-published-has-not-in-fact appeared in article form.

References

B1C

[PAGE 12]
Bt-t

[PAGE 13]
Anticipated Budget

In tho last yeor of:the researchthe budget-sho ld provide:for two Researoh Psycholczicte-at-asclary of and one technician at a salary of  naking a total salary bill ofs To this should be added l0% Institute overhesds,-equal tormak.ng a total of There are a. further for secretarial assistance; fares, test materials, analysis of data and other components, br-nging the total-up to This is slightly in exéess.of-the-anont anticipeted originally but there. have been regotiated increases for salarieset cetera,-which:couid:not have bcen foreseen.

[PAGE 14]
Receipt is hereby acknowledged of the following:

[PAGE 15]
RECEIPT

Receipt is hereby acknowledged of thc following:

Treasurerts Check No. 267152, dated July 18, 1961,drawn on
the
in the amount of \$5, 727. 91, payable to the

[PAGE 17]
mate:11 July 1961

HEMORANOUM FOP: TEE COPTROLLER

ATTINTION

SUBIECT

MaA,SuproJet1ll Addittcnel Authorization €3

Under the suthority-graated=in=themeoraadum-dated 13 April 1953 froo te DCI to the po/a: aod the\_exveneion\_of\_thta.autrority-fn aota aequent remoranás, Sobprojeet=11lhaa been approved, ad \$7,272.09 of the over-oli Frojeat NIlTRA-fua have been otitgated to cover Che subprojeet'a expences and ebouli bo charged to coet ceater 2125-1300-3)02.

Chief TSD/Reeearch Bronch

AFPROVED POR CBLIGATIOR 07 PUNDS:

ICERTIFY THAT RUNDS ADE AVAILABLE CRICATION RE 10212513203902

lnte:

Dietribution:. Original & 2 u Adireseee 1-TSD 2-TSD :

111-2

AUTHORZING OFFICER

SEC RST.

[PAGE 19]
MEMORANDUM FOR: . Chief, Finance Divlelon

VIA

: TSD/Budget Ollilcer

SUBJECT

MKULTRA, Subproject 111, Invoico No. 3
Allotmeat No. 2125-1390-3902

1. Invofce No. 3 ts attached covering the above pubproject. Paymont should be made as followa:

Caabler's chock in tho amount of \$7, 272.09 drawo 00.a bank, payable to the

2. The check should be forwarded to Ghief, TSD/Research Branch, through TSD/Budget Offlcer, no later thian l August 1961.

3. This is a final involce, However, since it ia anticipated that additional funds will be obligated for thla project, the files ahould not be closed.

TSD/Research Branch

Attached: Involco & Certifications

Distributlon: Orig & 2 - Addreasce

CHEOKANY6 AOUNT OF SZ27.09 -REGCIVED.

17 July 1961

[PAGE 20]
17 July 1961

MEMORANDUM FOR: Chiel, Fleanco Division

i TSD/Budget Oflcer

SUDJECT

1 MKULTRA, Subprojoct 111, Invelce No. 3 Allotmeut No. 2125-1390-3902

l.: Lovolco No, 3 lo attached covoriog the abovo eubproject. Peyucot should be bde as follows:

Casbier's check in the amount of \$7. 272, 09 drawn on a bank, payable to the

2.: Tho check phould be forwarded to Chlef, TSD/Rescarch Branch, through TsD/Eudget Offlcer, no later thah H August 196l.

3.: Thle is a final Lnvolce, Howover, aince it ls anticipated that additiooal funds will bs oblgated for thls project, the flles should not be closod.

Chlef TSV/Reßearch Branch

Attacded:. Invoico & Certillcatiana

Distributioni

Orig & 2 = Addresgeo

1-TSD
2- TS

AtB

111-2

[PAGE 21]
111-2-

For Services

CERTIFICATIONS

(1) It is hereby certiried-that tbis 1a Invoice 3 applytog to sub-project No. lll of MULTRA, that performance is satisfactory, thiat services are being accomplfshed in accordanee vith mutual egreenents, thet & detailed agenda of the payrents and recetpto is on file in TSD/RB, that this bill is just anã correct and that paynent thereof has not yet been.made.

Chief, TSD/Research Branch

Date:\_

(2) It is hereby certified that this invoice eppliee to. SubProject 111 of MULTRA which was duly epproved, and that the project ie being carried out in accordance with the menorandua of 13 April 1953 fron the DCI to the DD/A, and the extension of this authority in subsequent memoranda.

[PAGE 22]
TO:20/00 111-2

Tuis is a continuation of sub-projecif111.

2. Puyoe of Projeot: Studie

[PAGE 23]
SUBJECT : Continuation of MKULTRA, Subproject 1ll

1. The purpose of Subproject lll 1s to support, the research progrem of Prof in his studies of the measurement of motivation. Thie work has progressed-in a bighly satiefactory faehion for a period of one year. At lelst-four research articles, stemming directly from the past year's grant support, have been eubmitted for publication in professional Journals. progress report is attached.

is a highly competent investigator whose recent work has been directed toward resolving some unusually knotty problems in the field of human motivation. In aádition, he is making e highly pronising start towards relating important variables in the domains of leeraing and personality assessment to quantitative measures of motivation, Unquestionably, his work will, as it has in the past, stimulate, additionel research in the field.

3. Although studies have no inmediate relevance for Agency needs, their results appear to be unusually promising for. satisfying long-tera requirezents in asseasnent of human motivation and personality measurement via indirect means. In edditiop, this grant will continue to lend prestige\_to\_the as a worldwide-funding organization.

4. Funaing and monitoring of this project will be handled by the Accounting-for funds

3 April 1961 11.3

MEMORANDUM FORTTHE RECORD

ADC

[PAGE 24]
expended shall adapt to procedures established by the Any

permanent equipment required for the.project will become the property of the n lieu of higher overhead charges.

5. The estimated cost of this project for an additional year\_will be \$13, 000. 00.  However, at the present time thc project will only be extended for a period of approximately\_six months! The cost of this project for this period will not exceed \$5,727. 91. Charges should be made against Allotment l125-1390-3902. It is. anticipated that the remainder of thc funds for the project year will be made available from FY-162 money when available,

6. No cleared or witting persons are concerned with the conduct : of this project.

APPROVED FOR ADDITIONAL OBLIGATION C FUNDS: (\$7-272.09 against Allotment 2125-1390-3902

111.3

Attachment: Progress Report Distribution: Orig only

[PAGE 25]
Ist June,-196031st:May, -1961

THE MEASURENRET OF TOTIVATION

[PAGE 26]
The series of investigations carried out during the past year may bo grouped in several-distinct-categories.The first of these categories is concerned with the follow up of the original observation which caused me to approach the for a grant, namely, experimental confirmation or the nypothesis that reminiscence scores on the:pursuit-rotor.rere mónotonically-related to drive within certain limits.In\_the-original stody pre-rest work periods of threo and eight minutes had been used, and it had been found that under these conditions high drive and low drive groups were oignificantly-difforcntieted.The-data and the\_theory,-taken togother, suggested that witha.tvo-minuto-pre-rest-work period,\_there would-be no differontiation between l5w and high:drive groups. At:the upper\_end it seemed likely that a linear increase-in réminiscence would occur.aspre-rest practiçe increased\_from six.to.cight-minutes, and accordingly in the first experiment carried out-under the grant,-high and-low drive groups were tested with either two or six minutes\_of pre-rest-work-onthe pursuit rotor.The findings bore out the prediction, no difference being obsorved for the two-minute-groups,-and-a-screwhat smaller difference for tho six-minute groups than the-oight-minute groupsA study is under\_way using still longer pre-rest-work periods in order to discover the limit of growth of roactive inhibition end drive.

B

[PAGE 27]
It will-bo-romeabered that the method for-induoing differences in drive used by us consists essentially of éither having the-test included in.a.battery of selection. tests for a mch-coveted:induatrial apprenticeship.(high drive) or.elso-giving-it-to-already accepted apprentices under low motivating.instructions. : This same.situation was used for studying the.efficacy-of\_a\_perceptual-tost as a measure of wotivation, using for=the purpose of measurenient the length of the rotating spiral-after-effect (2,3).Two separate studies.were carried out for this purpose, and:in addition to drive:we sudied the\_direction. of xotation and the massing of:practice. Bath studies agreed that under conditions.of.high-motivation,-longth-of-after effect.was reduced

In another study, slso making use of the\_same\_high-and-low drivegroups, serial nonsense syllable learning at two-levels of difficulty was investigated. -It-was found that,as -predicted,-learning was more efficient inder conditions of high drive than under conditions ofIow drive, but contrary to expectation, no interaction effocts were found with difficulty level (4).Two preliminary studies.were carried out in the hope that tests of persistence and pain tolerance woula be useful for the objective measureeent-of-drive:In-the first of these studies very high correlations wero-found-between tolorance for pain, using the thero-stimulator, and personality.(porticularly extraversion) This corzolation indeed was so high as to throw doubt on the usefulness of tho test as a mcasure of drive independent of personality (5). In

[PAGE 28]
a study of persistence-(dynamometer pressing at.constant ratio of maximun tressare) this-reletionship of persistence and extraversion,was again found (6).

To studies have\_beon completed but not yet finally analyzed; in those an effort was made-to induce drive in-schoolchildren by either praise or bleme, The task-used-was-pursuit rotor learning, and-the score used was a)\_erformance and b):reminiscenco. Subjects were selected on the basis of a specially constructod questionnaire,in such a way that children,-high.or\_lowzon extrzversion-introversion\_and néuroticism were-chosen and assigned to the various cells of an analysis of variarce design.The experiment was carried out in one school-and replicated in anotherIt wss believed\_that\_the equivocal-results of reports in the-literature using this method of manipulating drive were due tothe use of performance-as\_an-index-of-motivation ratherthan reminiscence;

Below are listed- tho popors which have resulted from the work done

hithorto.

[PAGE 30]
Dete:11 July 1.61

HEMORANTUM FOR; THE COMPTPOLLAR

ATTENTION

: Pimnce Divlalon

SURONT

:M1A\$ubprojet111
Addttlonal Autorieation3

Under the suthority granted in the meoorandum dated 13 Aprtl 1953

fron 2he DOI to the oD/A, and the exteneion of this authority in gub

sequent cenoranis, 8ooproject 111-has been sppreved, sd 97,272.02

of the over-eli Projeet HUlTRA fonds have been obligated to covor he

aubprojeet's expennea and.should be charged to cost center 2l25-1390-390e.

TSD/Research Bradch

APPROVEO FOROBLICATION CF FUNOS: n

A

Reaearch Dceeto:

mate:

Oleteitutioa: Original  2 - Adirescee 1 --TSD /2-TSD

[PAGE 31]
Object Class

Cost Account913902902

(When Fülled In)

[PAGE 32]
KEHORAICXM FOR: TEE COHPTROLLER

SURTOOT HOUOTRA,Eubproject1u

Uhder oe authority cracted in the mecoranaum dáted 13 prt1 1as) froo the ICI to the DD/As-sad-the exteneioa-cf-thie auttcrivy in oeequen. recoranin, Dubprogect-Ml hae teen approred, ad \$5,727.91 of the over-sll Proleet NllaRA funds have besn otltpated to coer e subprojeet's expeavos end shoald be eharged to coet center l25-1390-3902.

AFPROVEO POR OBLIGATION OF F30S:

SETREY

Dete: 29 June 1961

AUTHGRLNG CIFCER

SECRET

[PAGE 34]
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Finance Divlston

VIA 1 TSD/Badget Offlcer

SUBJECT 1 MKULTRA, Subprofect 1l, Involce No. 2 Allotment No. 1125-1390-3902

1. Involce No. 2 le attachod covering tha abovo subproject. Payment should be made as followet

Cauhier's check in the amount of \$5,727. 91 drawn on a bank payablo to thert

Z. The check ahould bo forwarded to Chlef, TSD/Research Branch, through TSD/Budget Officer, no later than 17 July 1961,

3. Thts is a flnal involce. However, since it is anticipated that adaiticnal funds will bo obligated for this project, the flles should not be cloaed.

Chlof TSD/Reecarch Branch\_

Attachedt Involce & Certificatione

Matribution: Orig k 2 - Addresseo

CHEOR2615AN AMCUNT-OF-OSZZYRECEIVEO

6 July 1961

7331

[PAGE 35]
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chef, Finsnce Divieioi

VIA 1TSD/Budget Offleer

SUBJECT 豐 MKULTRA. Subproject ull, Invoice No. a Allotment No. 1125-1390-3902

1. lavolce No. 2 la attached covering the abovo subproject. Payment shoold be made as lollowe:

Cashier!a chock in tho arooant of \$5, 721. 91 draw on a bank, payable to thod

2. The check should bo forwardod to Chief, TSD/Rosearch Brench, through TSD/Budget Offtcer, no later than 17 July 1961,

3. This to a final lavoice. Howevor, eince It is anttcipated that additional funds will bo obligated for this projoct, tho filee should not be clozed,

Chtef TSD/Rosearch Branch

Attachedt Invoice & Certlficatlons

Distribution:

Orig t 2 = Addreesce

AtB

1.TSDM

2TSD

4

6 Jaly 1961

[PAGE 36]
CERTIFICATIONS

(1) It is hereby cortitied that- this is Invotce 2 apply sg to eub-projeet No. lof MUUIRA, that performence 1a eatisfactory, that servicee are being eccomplishod in sccordance-vith mutual agrevnents, that a deteiled agenda of the payments and recelpta is on\_file in TSD/RB, that thia bill.ie Juat and correct and that payent thereof has not yet been made.

Chlet, Ts0/Reeearch Branch

(2) It ie hereby certified-that. this-invoice applies\_to-SubProject\_al of MULTRA vhich vas duly spproved,and that-the-project is teing carried out in eccordance with the.meaoranduu of.13 Apr1l 1953-frot the DCI-to the DD/A, end the extecsion of this authority in subeequent cenorscda.

INVOICE

.For Servicea

Reseered Diredtor

Late:.

[PAGE 37]
!-. HEMRANOUM.FOR:TAE COHPTROLLER

AFTINTION Pinavce Diviaion

SUNJBOT MUA, SbprojectU Additienal Aethoripatiem F2

Unler the authority cranted in the mesorandun dated 13 April 1353
froa the DCI to the-D0/A, and the extension of thie authority in sub.
sequent rezoranán, Sabproçectlll has been arpraved, ard \$5,727.91
of Che over=all Projest-MuLThA funde have-been obligated to coser 2
subprojeet's expoaros and should be\_cbarged.to.cost center lla5-1390-350à.

APPROVED FOR OBLICATION OF FUNIG:

Rasearch Directo,

fete:

Dietribution Oricinel & 2 - paiceesee -TSD 12-TSD

SECRET

Dete: 29 June 1261

[PAGE 38]
Cost Account 0525-1009=4902

No.2109

[PAGE 39]
24 March 1960

KOORADAN JOR:COPTROLLER

AsTeIosPinsoce Divieion

BRJRT 1, bt 11

Uadar the authority groated in tho Kesooadua Gated 13 Ajeil 1953 Sroa the lcr to the no/A and ths extecaica os thia suthority in subeaqueat mosorands, Bubprojoot 111 bas bean epprovod and 1k,000.00  the over-all Projoot aa ade bave been obllgated to cover the subprvjeet'o exponeod and ebonld bo charged to Allotoent 0525-1002\~h902.

T80/cheateal Brench

APPACVED POR CELTOATION OP ANSI

A

matat

[PAGE 41]
MEMORANIU FORI CHIRF, PINANCE PIVISION

VIA 1T6D/Budget Orficer

NLTRA, Butproject 111, Invoice No.1
Allotment 0525-1009-b902

l. Iavoice No. 1 is attached covering tho ahove subprojeot. Paymant should be Rada es fellovyt

Cashdor's check in tho amount of alh,000,00 drava o0 a Jocal bank, revabla to the

2. Please rorvard tha check to Chiof, TaD/Cheaical Branch thrugh r&D/Budget Ofricer by Honday, 9 Way 1960.

3. Thie is a final iovoice. Hovever, aince it is anticipatod that additional fnde vill te obligated sor this projoct, the files ehould not be closed.

T8D/Cheaical Rranch

Attachnentt = Iavoico 6 Certirications

Dietributio0l Orig à 2- Adiresseo

ICERTEY THAT FUNDEAEE-AVAIRLARE
CRUGARENTE 219
HA0219 ALSHOLZINC OFRE

CHECKNSASUNT OF S

3May60

25 Apr11 1960

[PAGE 42]
Trehurer's Check No, 249965 in the amount of \$14, 000.00, dated May 2, 1960, drawn on payable to

[PAGE 43]
CERITPICATIONS

(1) It ie hereby certified that this is Invoice No. 1 applying to Subprojoot Eo. all of NulrRA, that perforwance ia satiefactory, that sorvices ara being acconplished in accoriance with mutual agreenente, that a detailed agenda of tho payrents end receipte is on file in T8D/cb, that thie bill is just end correct and that paywont thereof haa not yet been nade.

Chiet, Teo/Cheaicol Branch

(2) It 1s boredy cortiried that thie iavoica eppltes to Subproject No. lll or xeurana which was duly approved, and that the pavject ia being carried out in accordance vith the nesorandun of 13 April 1953 froa the DCI to the DD/A, and the' extensioo of this authority in euboequnt memoranda.

Deter,

For services :

\$14,000.00

[PAGE 44]
MEHOPAYTIM FORI CRIEF, PINANCE DIVISION

VIA 1 Tso/mudget ofrieer

SOBJICT 1 MOLRA, Sutpioject 11l, Invoice o. 1 A110tnt 0525-1009-4902

1. Xovoics No. 1. ia sttachod covoring tho above subprojoct. Paynent should te made as followst

Caahier's check in the nnosnt or fih,000.00 drewa ca a locel bank.,pyabla to tt

2. pleere forward the check to Chief, rsD/cheaical Branch through rsp/oulgat orricer by Hondey, 9 May 1960.

3. This is a final invoico. Hovaver, eince it is anticipatod that edditicel Aads vill ta cblieated for this project, the silee ehould pot do closed.

Chief TSD/cheeical Branch

Attachenti Invoice & Cortifications

Dlotributioi Orig à 2 - Addresseo

1 - TSD/YASS

2=TSD/CB=

TSD/CB//(25 Apr11 1960)

25 Apr11 1960

[PAGE 45]
24 Karch 1X0

XMORARDU TORI COMPTIOLSR

A5tmIos:1 Finsnca Divieion

SUNJET 1 MLA, Gupojat 111

Uadar the suthority greoted in the ikaovanáva do'ed 13 Apral. 1959 froa the DCI to the lo/a and tha extension of this tuthority in subsoquent aascranle, 6ubprajoct 1ll bes toen approved cnd șlh,000.00 or the oror-ell Projoet Hlan fuds have toen odligatod to cover tho sutproject'a exponocs and should be chargal to Allotosnt 0525-1009-h202.

5so/Cheatcel Branch

APPAOVED POR ORLIOATIOR

OF PURDSI

lisgoarch Viroctor

Datei.

Diatribatioot-

Orig & 2 + Addresssa

$$
y : \sin ( \frac { \pi } { 2 } x ) / \cos ( \frac { \pi } { 2 }
$$

$$
1 = \frac { 1 } { 2 } \sin / \frac { 1 } { 2 } \times \frac { \cos } { 2 }
$$

$$
2 - \pi \cdot 5 0 / \cos ^ { - }
$$

[PAGE 46]
SUBJECT:MKULTRA, Subproject 111

1. The purpose of this project is to support the-research work

of in his study of proposal-1s-attached.

2. Although it is only indirectly indicated in the proposal auch interest is in the non-cognitive aspects of personelity theory and personality measurement\_which\_is\_in\_accord with TSD/cB's-long term interest in indirect"assessment.

3. Is one of the most skillful and productive peychologists on the internatlonal\_scene today and a grant-to him vould, in fact, add to the prestige of the This project will also be in accordance with the plan of developing Las a world-wide organization.

4. Funding and-monitoring of-this-project-will-be handl.ed by the in the regular manner.-Accounting for the funds expended will be according to the procedures previously established by the Any permanent equipment required for the project will. become the property of the Institute in lieu of higher overhead charges:

MEMORANDUM FOR: THE RECORD

[PAGE 47]
5. The estimated cost of thts project will be \$14,000.00 for a

period of one year.Charges should be made against Allotment 0525- 1009-4902.: It\_1s\_noted that pproposal and budget figures are for a period of three years but it is felt that approval should be limited to one year and then.renewed if results are satisfactory.

6.. No cleared or witting persons are\_concerned with the conduct of this project.

APPROVED FOR OBLIGATION-OF FUNDS:

Date:4120160

Attachment: Project Proposal.

Distribution: Original only-

111-4

2

[PAGE 48]
Introtuction. Psychologists have succeeded\_reasonably welt-in meesuring ebilities, learning, and sven some personality traits; thoy have not made much progress with the measurement of motivation or drive. The inviting possibility of using the Hull-Tolman fornulation of performence as funetion or drive and habit for the measurement of drive hes not given useful resulta with humen subjects because of the difficulty of equating hauit strngth (and-also differences in ability.) This genersl feilure to subject drive or motivstion to a proper\_qusntitacive-enalysis effects. large ress in psychology, both on the theoreticel and on the\_practical side, and nstitutea one\_of the nost fundenentsl weeknesses of nodorn behavicur acience. It-slso has obvious implicaticns for other discinlines, such : psychietry, psychoanalysis, and sociology. The research project proposed hre is intendel to investigate the possibility of subjecting the dr've concept to experimental investigetion, vith the hope that-a usoful quantitative measure or motivation would emerge.

TheoryThe oroosed index of drlve is closelyrelatsitothe concept of rminiscence, and through it to that of reactive inhibition (Hull, l943.) The nost oxplicit rorn of the theory to bo used has been put forwerd by Kimble (1949), and-accordingly it will be referred to in this prorosel as the-Hull-Kimble theory. There-is-moch-support for the generel theory, although certsin perts of it are either of doubtful value, or

The Meesurement of Motivation.

[PAGE 49]
definitoly contrary to factpe have indicated certain possible. improvemente olsczhors To put it quite briefly, the theory maintaine that during massed prectice of any perceptual, cotor or cognitive task reactive\_inhibition is being generated; thisds conceived of as\_a kind of neural fatigue which counteracts performanco, acts as a (negative) drive, and dissipetee during rest. It growa up to the point whsre it equale in quantity the positive drive which is responsible' for ths ract that the organism performe at all; when this happens perforusnce stope for a short timo, and an involuntary reat period (I.R.P.) occurs. During this rest period inhibition dissipates, until it is\_aufficisntiy below the level of the positive drive for porfonence to bogin ogain; it builds up egain until another I.R.P. is produced, and so on ad infinitúm.

If now a long rest pause (10 min. or so) isiintroduced into this cycle, all or nearly all of the roactive inhibition which hae acownulatod will dissirate, and performance will be much better arter the reat pauss than it had been before. This improvement is often referred to as "rominiscence. It will be aeen fron the little that hes been said that undor favourable oircumatances this reminiscence effect may bo\_used as a measure of drive. Inhibition bullda\_up until it equala drive; consequently there will be a monotonie relation betwson inhibition and drive. i Reminiscence is an index of the ount of inhibition which has boen eccumulated and dissipated, and if there is.a monotonic relation between inhibition end drive, then reniniscence will also be an index of drive. This proposition can-bo-tested by poetulating that groups at a high end lor level or drive. reapectively should differ with respect to reminiscence, and sone rather-inconclusive evidence

[PAGE 50]
hss been given on this ooint by Kimbls (1950) snd Vassenman (1951.) (Their researches, whilo of considerable interest, suffered froa the-rether. snall differences in drive introduced by their experimntal procedures.) performed a rather more stringent test of the hypothesis by postulating that not only should high and lor-arive groups differ with respect to reminiscnce, but also that this difference should be nuch lerger efter a long period of practice than after a short period. It follows from the general theory-that reminiscence will reach an asyuptote when the point has boen rsched where inhibition  drive; this point should te renched oarlier for the los drive group than for the high drive group. Consequently, if reminiscence is measured at the pcint where the lor Jrive group has reched its asymptot, the hish drive groupyill still- be at-a point vell belor its asyuptote;  consequently the ditference in reminiscence bet een the-two groups would continue to grar until the high drive group also had reached its asymntote; at this point the difference in reminiscence-shoutà-stebilize.. (Seo Fig. I.)

The einoriment performed made use of the pursuit rotor, because from previous work we hed much-infoimation on relevant parameters. Fro-reat performance contrasted\_3\_min.\_and 8 min. practico periods,as. after\_2min. or so the lor-drive group was predicted to heve reoched-its esytptote; the high-drivegroup\_was\_assomed to-have approached\_its tsymptote eftsr-6 min.or so. Drivo was nenipulati in\_the folloving way. Te tested-engineering. spprentices, some-of whom (high drive group) took the test as part-of-an entrence examination, nct knowing thet the scores on-this test would not in fact be counted-towards theiç entrance exanination.: The-other subjects (low drve vrour were-taatad aftor they-halrerdy been ac

[PAGE 51]
knew that their\_perfonuence could-in no vey sfreot their acceotance or tuture rating. Under there onrditi ns;-there was ne airferrnce-in-the reninisconce scores or.the\_lom drive-grouns after-short-end-long prectice rescectively (R = .54 end .51.resrectively.)Thare is, however, a vazy-consi lereb)e differ pee for the high drive group for-the tro conditions (R .8 end l.50.) It will also be-noted-thet-as-prodicted the high drive-group scores ers higher on both-occasions, but nerticularly on the-latter.The rositive outcose of the exoeriment, highly significent for-ell-predicted differences, suggests strongly that rvniniscence mey zith advantace te investigeted es 8 juantitative ncssure of. drive.

It is-interesting to note thet the prz-rest perfonrancosfuthe high- oni low-drivs groups wes very similar, with\_e slight edventage-for the high-drivegroup. Phis rinforces the writer's belief that under ondinery coniiticns of leaming performance is a poor-neasure of drive; it elso roints up another advantage-of using reninisconce-as-s-neesure-of\_drive: to vit its independence of levelor-parcorence. Thus disforencea in sbility or habit strength become rels-ively uni oortsnt, afrecting as they do equelly tha pre-rest and the noat-rest performance soores the difference bebreen which detertines reminiscence

Reseerch.The research pronosed høro-constitutes in essence an extension and aolificatien of-the rescsrch design described above. Difforoace in drive wil.te produced-in the marner outlined sbove, by reference\_to-real life goela-ol considerable strength; it-is-obvious from the literatuie thet arives of this strength cannot be produced in the laboretory. It is elso plenned tq work with smeller drivs uirferences, such as can be produced by

[PAGE 52]
rowarde ai puoishnsnte (cigarottos and swests; ahocka.) In this vay the lineer dopasdenco of reminisconce on driva could bo investigated.

Tho main reesaxch focl will continuo to bo the pursuit rotor, elthough sces work will elao te dons with othor porooptuel and notor teake (invarse alphabet priatiagi apiral pfter-ofreot); this will sorve to show thst corclusicos are of general validity and not dependent on one particuiar typo of apparatue, It will, borovar, be nocossary to construct a no type of pureuit rotor for this cork in viev of tho domonstretion by Bahrick, Pitts end Brigge (1957) that tho typical oa-off scores of pursuit-rotor performance, svan shes iatograted cror tine, do not show a linsar relation to learning. A ocetinuoua-eooring pursuit-rotor has boon dosignod in our work-shop, and sovorel copies of this would be built and usod. (The essential feature\_of this. epparates lied ia the provision of several metal annuli around the central target dioe. Thoas sro concaatric, and insulatod from each other ani from tha coetrel clecj contaot of the stylus with cach annulus producos curont invoraely proportional to the diatenco of tho ring Proa tho diso. It ia poasible to integrate sccres fron tho diac alono, or froa disc and ringa.)

Experiaontal cooditions would empheaire (1) changos in longth of pro-regt trioie sod (2) changse ia longth of roat pousca. Tho paramotera choeon for the damoeatration exporimont quoted abovo aro not likoly to bo optimal, and it would de ons taak of the exporinent to provids inforaation on this point. Iep sbeoratiaai erguzait regardiag loogth of prectice porlod has already beea aonticoad abore; tbat splatiog to lorgth of roat pavas is ceasntially. stallar, Cav-d-izs Sroups, barirs acckaulated lese inbibitica, would diesipete no ascal capat of tmhihiiien sare quickly thaa hich-drire sroues. shied wculd

[PAGE 53]
bo more advantageous for obtaining marked differences\_in-reminiscence acores
between high- and low-drive groups. A further set nf A further set of exporiments is planned involving the use of positive feod-beck deaigns. In some-provious research has used relatively short (1 to 2') practico periods separoted by-5! rest peuson to-invsstigate\_the point whore practice poriods-are long onouzh\_to\_ produce I.R.P.s. This point-1s indexed\_by\_theiappearance\_of a phenomenon believsd to be due to the\_extinction\_of-conditioned inhibition, which\_itsolf is produced by the. rainforcement given by the I.R.P.s to the condition .of "not working" or resting; extinction of-conditioned inhibition:shors itself by a pronounced up-swing in tho\_vork.curve after the-rast pauseis over, and additional\_to ths rominiacance affect.A auitable length of\_work-period can in theory-be-chosan such\_that high=drive groups\_do not-yet produce I.R.P.s,' while low-drive-groups\_do; thus the\_formerwould not-produce conditionod inhibition, while. the\_latter would. As conditioned inhibition ia theoretically considored to be-a hebit which:does not dissipate-in time, 2 it should be additive, snd thus the low-drive group should become more and more difforentlated from the high drive\_group.Again tho prscise time intervals involved would be the cruciel point\_of-the exporimint, as\_only-in this way can we construct the beginninga of a proper quantitative theory of drive. A third set of experiment reletes toe comperison of the prasent mothod
of measuring drivs with pltornative mothoda.In-particulsr, it would-seom
from some unpublished -vork lone in this laboratory that pertornance mey be
ussful for the monsurement of drive undor tro rether differont conditiona.
(a) Then rerforencs is so precticed thet-ther? ere no great diffe C

[PAGE 54]
habit strength, or ability, then dirroronces in perrormance are in theory due entirely to dirferencoa in inhibition and drival Performance docrements under these conditions would be indicative of strength of drive, if ws are entitlod to asaume that randouly selected groups do'not difrer in rate of sooumulation of inhibition. Greater drive atrength'should thus neutreliso greater dogreee of inhibition, so thet low-drive groupe should show sarlier and greator dooromenti The taaks chosen would he of the type known as "vigilanoo", taaks Fand the point of the experiment would bo to compare the amount of agreomont to be observed botween this and the preceding measure or &rivo\_under idontical conditiors, and with tho same subjoote.

(b) It is well known that high drive may heve positive or negative effeots on lesrning deponding on cortsin characteristics of the task For.oasy tasks, where the

prevailing habits are zoughly correct already, high drive improves perforwance; for diffioult onoe, whore proveiling habits ere not adapted to the taek, high drive, by enorgising the incorrect habits, makes performance more dirfioult. It la propoesd to study purauit rotór perforsence (1) under normel aonditione and (2) with the subjeot working under gonditiona of revereed (mirror) viaion) it is prsdioted that in the firat inatance high drive would feoilltate porforsance, while in the sscond inatance it would depress performance. Results of this\_experiment alao would be comparod with the outoome of the other two\_measures of drive outlined above.

It hes bosn an assential featura of tho writer'a work in the fiald.of reminiecence that there ara\_considorable individual difference due to dirferential rets\_of build-up of inhibition, and dirferontial rate.of

[PAGE 55]
dissipetion In gerticular, it bes been shorn that extravoats build up inhibition quickly end dissipate it slowly; this showrs itselr by-their. greater reminiscence scores hen tested undenidentical conditionswith introvorta.It is clesrlynocessry\_to\_control-this porsonelity variable, and it planned to devote special study to the\_intoraction of tho driwo variable and tho\_tomperament -variabla.

Apparatua snd ejuirment. The reaearch would require threo. now-built purauit rotors\_of tho\_desiga doscribed above.It would also raquire a bigh-spood recordor, with anplifier. The-totel cost of tho oquipment would be , to which-should be adasd y for uso of electronic coputer for anslyais of deta, for-purohese of cigarettes to-bo offored as incentivss, end for miscollanecua expenscs.

Poraosoal. Two graduato\_paychologists would be requirod to carry.out and orgenise the work.oa this projoct. In.additio, one full-time techaiciaa would be required to msks\_aad maintain tho apparatus, carryout modificetiose, and transport and set up the apperatus in differsnt induatrial organizations. The salary for the two peyehologiate, inclusive of insurance and l0% overhoad chsrge of the Inetitute for adninistration, would be the techaician would be sach; that or Total cost for.a.threo-year period\_would-bo= aporoximetely, or35,000.

Duration of grent. It is proposed to plen the work dosoribed in this
applicatica for a three-year period. It-1s impossible-to-be vary epecifio
as muoh depsods on the sctual outcome of the first faw experimental
iaroetigaticne, and aa.much alao deponds on tho dogree or cooporetion of the
verious induatrial organisatiocs where it is plannod to carry out the work.
Fralixinery epwement baa l.an obtsiaod,-but only actual oxporimentation will

CF

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shor tho actual nwmbers-of-subjects forthcoming for testing.

[PAGE 59]
"The Measurerrent of Motivation"

Comments of the reviewers and the Individual sclentists are os followst

are Ithink we should support thls, doing Important ond bosic work In Inteçrating personality theory, Icorning theory, ond the classic laboratory methods of experlmental psychology. Although he Is som ething of a controvertal figure, his writings have stimulated a lot of work by others on both sides of the prestige. Atlantic. A grant to him, In fact, would odd to the

Would glve him one year, but not three becouse of limited concept of motlvotion implied.

one of my favorlte controverslal figures on the Intematlonol psychologlcol scene. Right or wrong, new Idea or modification of old ideo, he tolls hls story provocatively. The notion he prosents Is on Interesting theoretical formulatlon. I doubt whether and his collaborit will work out. But - the skill with whlch atea wlll oltoch the problem will make the effort worthwhllo. Tho budgot Is realistic and some prellminary work hos been done. I urge serlous consideratlon and an affmmative decision on this proposel.

and i hove rood the comments ofa suggestion I ogree wlth all of them, Including that tho ressorch grant be limited to one year. If the results are satisfactory, constderatlon could be given to renewal.

PROPOSAL FROM

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12th Boveaber 1959.

Thank you very suoh for your kind lettor of November 9th and the enolosed instruotions for aubmission of a propossl. Thia was particularly weloone an I vas just in the process of drawing up s propoeal for tranamission to the I have pleasure in enolosing a copy of the proposal and shall, of oourae, bo heppy to anawor any queriea that may arise from thie.

I should porhaps add in this letter answers to ome or two of the pointe mentioned in your Instruotions which aro not anavered in the proposal itself. No support hap been requested froa sny? for the projeot, and the oaly similar projeot undertaken previously is a preliminary exporiment described in some detail in the applioátion itsolf. We have done a oonsiderable esount of work on the messurozent of reaiaisoence ln relation to pereonality, but this has been our firet experimont in whioh reminiecence vas used an meaeure of drive or motivation.

With best wishes\_to.yourself and Dr.

Yours sincerely,