[PAGE 1]
QUARTERLY TECIINICAL PROGRESS REPORT

1 November 1970 - 31 January 1971

Technical progress in this period was as follows:

1) Acquisition and review of applicable reports and data,

2) Preliminary organization of a systematic approach to the problem of personnel incapacitation, and

3) Two ad hoc evaluations of proposed incapacitation systems.

1. Thirty-eight unclassified and twcnty-five classified documents are now on hand, covering a wide range of electrical, chemical, sensory and physical means of restraint or behavior control. Each of these documents has been screened by one or more staff members.

2. On 18 November 1970, a report on an $- \frac { i } { j }$ flashblindness simulation proposal was forwarded to $i ^ { - } - j$ It was concluded that it might not be possible to extrapolate the proposed simulation results to levels of flash intensity that would be useful operationally. The risk of permanent eye damage at high light levels, furthermore, would not be clarified by the tests. The performane. tasks proposed were not detailed sufficiently to determine their relevance to real situations. Several operational drawbacks of the flash blindness technique itself were pointed out, for example, the critical positioning of flares with respect to the subject by reason of the inverse square law, and the limited usefulness during the daytime, and the conspicuity of the technique at night. The short time of effectiveness makes this technique more useful as an adjunct system than as a primary behavioral control technique. Primate studies were suggested as a means of establishing damage thresholds and performance decrements undcr actual (rather than simulated) flash conditions.

3. On 31 December 1970 a memorandum on theJnon-lethal clectrified net system was forwarded to(Unfortunately, the data provided by the manufacturer are not completely explicit. Based on certain assumptions

(

[PAGE 2]
about the device, it was concluded that a) under some conditions the 1 could causc partial incapacitation by paralyzing the subjcct's arms; and that b) it would be unlikely to kill healthy people. Disadvantages of the system stem from the extreme variability of the skin resistance factor -- depending on surface contact arca, hunidity, body sweat, etc., the likelihood of thenet shorting itseif out, the ineffectiveness against fully clothed subjects (who might even be wearing gloves), and the probability that the subject, even though his arms were immobilized, could still run and free himself from the net. The effectivencss of the thercfore, is open to question. A rough circuit diagram of a device which fulfills the specifications of the 7 was prepared.

4. Consideration has been given to a systematic approach to the incapacitation problem. There is a spectrum of situations or scenarios in which immobilization or restraint systems would be desirable. These range from a situation in which there is a single assailant (such as a hijacker) who must be subdued in the presence of a large number of innocent bystanders, to a one-to-one confrontation between individuals, to an individual (such as a diplomat) or small group surrounded by a large hostile crowd, to a full-scale riot situation. Each of these situations has different technical requirements for an optimum system,

Incapacitation systems can be categorized in several other ways. They may be grouped according to the general method used:

Psychological
Impact
Chemical
Sensory
Restraining
Electrical

or they may be categorized according to the agent employed Projectiles Bases Sound

2.

[PAGE 3]
((

Light
Shock wave Nets
Bolas
Polymers
Drugs, etc.

Regardless of what type of device is used, certain attributes of each system need to be considered, as they apply to different scenarios:

Residual effects
Lethality risk
Risk of system failure/countermeasures
Range
Covertness
Suitable for individual (or group)
Safety of user
Size and weight
Environmental requirements
Shelf life
Training requirements

Plans for future work

Definitive work on a systematic evaluation of known and promising personnel incapacitation techniques awaits a conference with;
tentatively schcduled for March, 1971.

The following steps will be taken in the meantime:

1) Literature search will be carried out as follows: Document Collection

3

[PAGE 4]
(1-

Docunent Library (computer search)

Medical Library

Library and

[Medical School Library

2) Schematics for a

type device will be forwarded

3) An evaluation of a patent of an clcctrified projectile will bc forwarded

These reports are enclosed

[PAGE 5]
QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT

1 February 1971 - 30 April 1971

Technical progress in this period was as follows:

1) Submission of possible schematics for a type device.

2) Evaluation of a patent of an electrified projectile.

3) Completion of literature search of the following libraries:

Document collection Document Library Medical Library Library

Medical Library Police Academy Library

4) Presentation of a group of status reports to the Project Monitor during his visit on 20 April 1971. The items presented were:

a) a general outline of the Behavioral Control Support programs to date.

b) a summary of the Behavioral Control literature review

c) Brief descriptions of several real-life situations and possible incapacitating agents applicable to each (preliminary only)

d) Suggestions for future activities under Behavioral Control Support Project.

1. This report was submitted on 12 February 1971. The possible schematics Tor the are essentially:

a) an auto igniiion system and

d) a DC to DC converier

An output voltage oí oaly t000 volts is specified in the postalated syste (as opposed to ZO Kv for the jsystem) because oi the exiremely short batiery

I-

204

[PAGE 6]
life and arcing problens that would exist with the higher voltage system.

2. U.S. Patent 3.523,538 describes an electrical shock-producing projcctile. The projcctile would bc incapable of producing the "false epilepsy,"as claimed by the inventor, would have a limited range, and besides being ineffective it could possibly harm the victim.

3. A description of the literature search is given under 4(B).

4. The status reports presented to the Project Monitor will be found in attachments A, B, C and D.

2.

[PAGE 7]
BEHAVIORAL CONTROL SUPPORT

General Outline of Program

1. Review Literature

a) Police and criminology

c) Patents and proposals

b) Medical and scientific.

f) Science fiction, comics, etc.

c) Military

g) Other

d) International

2. Describe the factors which constitute the generalizcd conflict/control situations of interest:

a) number of antagonists

b) number of protagonists

c) iniensity range of hostilities (actual or predicted)

d) time scale

ej location/mobility/environmental factors

f) availability of additional support

g) effects desired i) offensive (calm, disperse, arrest, subdue, incapacitate, immobilize) ii) defensive (avoid hostilities, self-protection, escape/flight)

3. Prepare brief, representative real-life situations to serve as examples and heip generate ideas: a) Surrounded automobile d) the crowd b) Lone individual e) Pursuit d) The snatch f) Protection of individuals and property

4. Study available and proposed weapons/devices and strategies in light of desired effects and user-criteria dictated by various situations.

5. Compile lists of as yet undeveloped devices/weapons and recommend design and bench testing of those judged most valuable. Some possible examples:

2} for similar agent fer rapid, transcutaneous administration of árugs

bj Syachrorized strobe lights and sound stimuli at critical frequencies c) Various undeteciable (or subthreshold) physiological insuits d) Low-velocitv. higa-mass, low psi projecuies: "jet-propelled medicine baD"

6. Respond to ad hoec requests for evaluatioa of concepts, proposals, patents, etd

a}
b)
c) Japanese paient
d) Others

Atum: A

[PAGE 8]
To date, our search for behavioral control literature has included the following local libraries, all of which yielded some information:

Department

\- document library medical library

gencral library medical library

Police Academy

The original 50 documents received at the start of the contract have been thoroughiy reviewed by Drs. / Those

publications, by nature of their pre-selection, pertinence and varicty, are still the core of our incapacitation literature. Several of them wcre used in a pilot run in order to devise the evaluation form, shown in Attachmcnt A. This form will be used later to provide quick reference to factors from selected proposals and techniques.

In Fcbruary-l971, all the literature thcn in our possession was screencd ior bibliographic rcferences to other works. A master list was made, from which library searches were conducted. By March it had become obvious which material was not available locally, and those items remaining on the list were then ordcred through the (28 unclassified documents) or through Washington (26 classified items). As of April 19, sixtcen unclassified documents were still on order, along with the classified material.

The library work also included a scarch of card catalogs and indices of abstracts fo o-yo pertinent topics, as weli as a search of receni voiumes of approximateiy 15 journais. All of the: locally available liezature has bee procureo, cross-indexed, sereened aad: fled (the cross-index categories are given in Attacmment B). The collection coasists of l35 itens at this tme.

Attm: B

BEHAVIORAL CONTROL LITERATURE REVIEW

1.

[PAGE 9]
Conchusions

Cur literature scarch has been comprchensive enough to draw the following conclusions:

1. As expected, the open literature does not mention any innovative hardware which could be casily adapted to our purposes.

2. The greatest concentration of published material has been in the categories of light (flashblindness), sound (all frcqucncies), electricity (shock, clectronarcosis, elcctromagnetic radiation) and chcmicals (drugs and gases). Very little open literature is available on biological weapons, odor, temperature, vibration or applicable psychological methods of incapacitation.

3. It appears that certain gaps in the literature-can be filled only by obtaining classified documents through Washington.

4. The police literature is mainly concerncd with riot control. The police appcar to be the recipients rather than the initiators of research into new tcchnicues of behavioral control.

5. Our group now has a broad and general conception of current incapacitation devices and techniques. The most profitable course for further search of the litcrature would be to narrow our fields of interest (as proposed in the program for the coming months), and collect information in thosc specialized areas.

6. An ongoing. general survey.of published material concerning personnel incapacitation will be maintained zegardress of the focus or direetion taken in oux future program.

2-

[PAGE 11]
AD number
Authors
Bibliography
Biological
Central Nervous Sy
Chemical drugs gases
Eleetrical
Facilities
History
Impact
PI- number
Proposal
Psychological
Restraining
Sensory light odor - pressure shock sound temperature vibration
Theory -
Titles
Tolerance/Antidote

UNCLASSIFIED

Attachment B

CROSS-INDEX CATEGORIES

[PAGE 12]
REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS

Surrounded Aulonobile

(Diplomat; Police; Stop and Search)

This situation entails one or two individuals inside thcir car, surrounded and outnumbered by a hostile group, in a potentially unfriendly environment such as a forcign country, riot area or inspection checkpoint. The confined space of thc automobile can be an asset and must not become a trap. Preinstalled incapacitation equipment can be utilized providing the individuals remain in their own car, otherwise portable equipment would be required. The least amount of force needed, either to calm the hostile group or to make a "getaway, " would be highiy desirable from the standpoint of good will; trying to calm the group can be expected to consume more time than getting away by car from a group which is on foot. Safety for innocent bystanders may be of limited concern.

Incapacitators

persuasion (loudhailer) lures (hand-outs etc.) dyes stench tcar gas; aerosols; skin'penetrants car-top sprinkler fire extinguisher blown sand, heat or smoke marshmallow barrage extendable tooms: with oil, foam, bubpies chemicals, smcke extendable rotating sticks car-top light lood sound insects (released outside car) slick groend suziace elcctrified car

bullet proofing
ear defenders
electric ground
gas mask
goggles
independent air supply
sealed car

Protection is for the operators; some items listed could also be used by antagonists as countcrmeasures.

1

[PAGE 13]
Lone Indivirlual

Perhaps the most vulnerable situation is that of a single person who may have numerical odds against hin, with no vehiele nor any other source of aid. who must protect hinsclf outdoors. His immediate need isfor small, unobtrusive cquipiment (and possibly protective gear) which he can instantly utilize and rely on for complcte incapacitation of his-assailant(s). If the general environment is unfriendly, he may nced to re-usc the cquipment in ordcr to reach safety..

Incapacitators

stench
smoke screen
combined smoke and gas
tear gas
acrosols; skin irritants 7
impact balls that break: smoke, stench, Mace
darts with drugs
marshmallow barrage
taffy pellets
night stick/baton
shock
karatc/judo
stun gun
big net
adhesives
bolas
slick foam (sprayed or hurled)
heat-sccking device to trip. tackle
loud SouND
ligbc
instant barrier
radio-contsolied barrier

Proteclion

bullet-proof vest
car defenders
gas mask
goggles
inflatable plastic helmet
inflatable plastic shicld
pocket bicycle

2.

[PAGE 14]
The Saatch

In this situation the advantage is with several persons who wish to incapacitate one or two others, in an outdoor cnvironment such as a war zone. Because the operation must be swift and perhaps surreptitious, it may well be nocturnal. Protection of bystandcrs or property is probably unneccssary. Incapacitation techniqucs must be fast-acting, may require protection for the operators, and should leave the victim in a subdued but movcable condition. Any dcviccs used should be portable or -- il the location is known beforehand -- deployable.

Incapacitators

instant barricr fence radio-controlled barrier with heat, light, ·smoke, stench plastic cocoon taffy pellets neis, snarcs, adhesives darts with drugs water hose karate/judo dogs night stick/baton dyes (including inirared) chemicals/smoke tcar gas Mace acrosols blown sand, dust swarm of insects sound nght

Protection

beckccper's suits
camouflage suits
ear defenders
gas masks
goggles

3

[PAGE 15]
Behavioral control of a crowd is probably the most conplex situation to be considered. Many individuals, potentially hostile as a "mob", must be controlled but not particulariy harmed. In addition, fringe participants and adjacent property should be protected. A primary method of control is through dispersal of thc crowd, which means they must retain their mobility to some degree. Techniques of control which allow gradations of intensity óf action and an expandable time frame are recomimcnded.. Mcthods of control are morc limited if the crowd is gathcred indoors. Devices should bc portable although their deployment bcforehand may, in somc cases, be possible, and pre-installed dcvices on official vchicles may be availabic. Ovcrt techniques have positive and negative aspects: they may intimidate the crowd or they may become targets for the crowd's hostility. Sclective incapacitation of the crowd's leaders is an effective technique. The operators in this situation often consist of a large, trained group such as the police; in any case, saiety of thc operators may depend on their protective gear.

Incapacitators

lures (spectacle clsewhere ete.) rumor control/oratory loudhailer (pcrsuasion - drowning noise - synchronized sound) synchronizcd strobe + sound, pulses robot rovers that emit flashes, heat, chemicals, smoke, stench, or preodcost exiendable bucms that emit same light foam; foam gTenades bubbles slick suriace/oil stcnch dye smoke chemicals: tcar gas, Mace balls that break, emitting, chemical acrosols drug darts for zing leaders car-top sprinkber night sticks/batoms

marshmallow barrage
nets/snares
barricades
dogs/horses
insects

Protection

beekeeper's helmet
ear defenders
earphones
gas masks
goggles
rubber boots

The Crowd

4

[PAGE 16]
Pursuit

This situation may follow that of the "Surrounded'Automobile:" onc or two persons in a car are being pursued by the occupants of another car, in what must be considered an unfriendly environment. The advantages to be exploited are: mancuverability of the vehicle (to utilize wind diruction, for examplc); pre-installation of devices; protection afforded by the car's own shielding. Devices should bc covert when not in use, guick acting because the pursuers may have lethal weapons, and capable of stopping the chase. This. may be accomplished by: incapacitating the following driver, immobilizing the pursuit car, obscuring its path, barring its path, or disguising the operators' car or occupants. Re-use of the chosen techniques may be required if more than one vehicle joints the pursuit,

Incapacitators

Protection

license-plate change bullet proofing
external change in car's color, etc. goggles
pop-up people in lead car
smoke screen
blown sand
paint on windshield
foam (on road or windshield)
oil slick
light beam (nighttime)
instant barricr
wire across road, about 48"high
extendable boom (if clòse behid)
pop-up deterrent shapes
teirahedrons
nails strewn on road
rolling shapes strewn on road
rolling barrier attached by wires to lead car
explosion under car
gas grenade

.5

[PAGE 17]
A preventive and defensive situation occurs when the locale of a person (public spcaker) or a piecc of property (store subject to looting) must be protected. Assailants can approach from any direction but theprotected objcct remains stationary. One or more "bodyguards" provide the defcnse against onc or more assailants. A reasonably friendly cnvironment can be supposed, which limits the uscable techniques to those which will not scriously affect bystandcrs (nor thc operators, the protected individual or the property). The devices should be aimed directly at the offenders only,. and should reliably incapacitate them. The degrce of incapacitation can dcpend on the severity of the attackers' intended crime. In all cases it secms desirable that the devices be quick-acting, portable and covert, so that they can be used in a varicty of "stay-put" circumstances.

Incapacitators

rhetoric
clectrical shield
light beam
tafiy pellets
hurled foam, smoke
Mace
dart with drug
jet-propelled medicine ball
bola
karatc/judo
night stick/baton
stun gun
balance disruption

Protection

instant plastic shield

Protectien of Individuals and Property

[PAGE 18]
BEHAVIORAL CONTROL SUPPORT

Proposcd Program for Continuation of Work

I. Consider overall goals and strategy. Our inclination is to pursue an innovative or creative approach to the problen rather than to devote our encrgies to compiling yet another systenatic review of currently available incapacitation and bchavioral control techniqucs. There is, of course, a possibility that no useful new ideas would be produced, but a systematic approach, it would seem, would practically guarantee that result.

2. Proceed with further literature review. It appears that something like 90% of the information to be had in the ordinary literature is now in hand. Rather than waste much more time in assembling and screening masses of literature for a diminishing yield, the following steps are proposed:

a) continue general screening and search on a maintenance or Ioweffort basis.

b) spend a week browsing through allied fields:. anesthesiology, psychology, psychiatry, physiology, optics, etc. for fresh ideas..

c) consider spending several days to a week of intensive researcn at one or two of the best criminology or medical-legal collections or libraries available (FBI? Harvard? Justice? LEAA?).

d) consider examination of far-out literature: occult, science fiction, comic books, etc. on a low-effort basis.

e) consider foreign sources of information

3 Approach people with expertise and/or talent-if feasible, e.g. Authorities on pertinent subjects YLt. Col.; Riot Control Specialist) (self deíense) Army Research Centers, such as Edgewood Arsenal (projectiles}

4. Consider holding an interdisciplinary workshop with individuals having technical expertise in appropriate areas such as criminology, weapons, psychoid etc.

1.

[PAGE 19]
5. Conduct feasibility studies of promising new approaches. For example, onc potentially Iruitful ruscarch area, probably worth evaluating, involvcs chemicals such as which rapidly penetratce the skin and may serve as carrier vehicles for chemical agents for behavioral control. The control agent (c.g., irritant, anesthetic, synaptic blocker, ctc) could be mixed with the skin penetrant and delivered in liquid, gel or aerosol form via projectiles, for accurate delivery to individuals, or via sprayers, for group administration. Other techniques, such as 7could also be cvaluatcd.

6. Exploratory animal studies. Brief, preliminary studies with promising chemical or physical techniques may be attempted if time permits and conditions justify such an effort.

2.

[PAGE 20]
QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT

Technical work during this period was directed primarily towards coliection, cataloging, review and appriasal of documents related to all aspects of personnel incapacitation. More than l60 documents have been so processed and many others have been screened. While there are dozens of good libraries throughout the country which have not been visited, the diminishing returns from our literature search suggest that we are in touch with the largest bulk of thought on this subject. Further intensive literature review would appear to add little, other than detail, to the information already at hand.

A great effort has also been made to conceive of "new" approaches to the problem of non-lethal behavioral control. Discussions between project members and unclassified exchanges with others have been initiated. Very little thought which could be described as "new" has resulted from this. So far, only two possible techniques, not reported in the available literature, would appear to warrant further consideration.

2)

[PAGE 21]
A further review will be carried out to determine whcther either or both of the above techniques are actually feasible.

A course of action has been formulated for presentation to the project monitor in August. Briefly, the remaining contract effort will be directed as follows:

1. Literature review: A continued effort will be made to acquire and review new documents and other material related to personel incapacitation. It is expected that no more than 10% of the remaining effort will be spent in this activity.

2. Evaluation of "new"methods of personnel behavioral control: An effort will be made to determine the feasibility of using agents such as 1 for incapacitation of humans. This research would be preliminary, being limited to theoretical considerations. No "bench" testing or animal testing is envisaged at this time, If possible, other new concepts will also be generated and examined. Approximately 30% of the remaining effort will be spent on "new" techniques.

3. A state-of-the-art review will be prepared using a systerm approach to the incapacitation problem. Each group or family of techniques will be considered separately. Some of the major categories are as foliows:

Missiles, ballistics/impact

Light, electromagnetic radiation

Sound

Electric currents

Drugs, chemicals

Physical restraint

2.

[PAGE 22]
Psychology, verbal persuasion Miscellaneous (odor, slippery foam, etc)

Various aspects of each group of techniques will be reviewed, for example: Physical aspects of the agent Delivery system Physiological, biochemical or psychological mechanisms; medical considerations Resulis or effects, type and degree of performance decrement Operational factors (portability, reliability, etc) Possible applications and limitations Recommendations

Descriptions of any new techniques which appear feasible will be included in the report.

Administrative Aspects

1. . an analyst who has done much of the literature re
search on this project will be terminatingemployment as of 1 October 1971. a physicist and research analyst, will continue 1 work. holds current TOP SECRET and Special Clearances
with M.D., who also holds TOP SECRET
and Special Clearances, will work on-the medical and clinical aspects of this
project.

2. As of 3l July 1971, only 23.3% of the available funds had been spent (compared with a projected 75%). Accordingly, work on the project is considerably behind schedule and it will be necessary to request an extension of time, without additional funds, to complete the work. A six-months no-cost extension to 30 April 1972 is therefore requested.

3.

[PAGE 23]
QUARTERLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT 1 Novcmber 1971- 31 January 1972

During this quarter, our main emphasis has been on the preparation of a series of reports, based on a systems approach to several groups or families of techniques for incapacitation. Rather than to re-review superficiaily every possible type of incapacitation technique, our effort has been concentrated in areas l) where a medical or physiological evaluation (as opposed to ballistics, pyrotechnics, etc.) would offer a useful contribution; 2) where there appeared to be some promise of usefulness of the technique, and 3) where a technique appeared to be new or insufficiently studied.

A.report entitled, As a Vehicle For Incapacitating Agents," was completed in December and forwarded to does not appear to be a promising vehicle for administration of incapacitating agents, principally because of the long time required for "carried" substances to reach peak blood concentrations. Any dosage large enough to provide rapid incapacitation would be dangerously large, if not fatal, at the time of maximum blood concentration. Besides being slow, too many variables affect the absorption ofagent combinations and the fact that the technigue cannot be used surreptitiously offers several possibilities for countermeasures. A second, informal report on the "Possible Interaction Between -1 j" was submitted in January.

The report on non-penetrating impact, completed in late January was scheduled for submission early in February, 1972. In spite of the widespread use of billy clubs, special ordnance rounds and other impact devices, useful incapacitation. by means of impact remains either unreliable (at the "safe" extreme) or hazardous at levels which will reliably incapacitate the subject. Blows to the genitalia in males and high-velocity, low-mass impacts appear to be the only truly.safe methods of incapacitation. The latter is of only limited effectiveness.

The next two activities will be brief reviews oft Jas a possible

[PAGE 24]
electric shock system. incapacitating agent and of the.

Administrative Aspecta

Expenditures to date:

2.

[PAGE 25]
FINAL TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT

1 Fcbruary 1972 - 30 April 1972

During the final quarter the last Systems-orienterì report was prepared and submiited: às an Ineapacitating Agent

While is a relatively safe incapacitating agent, variations in individual susceptibility, possible delayed effectiveness due to breathholding and difficulty in rapid, surreptitious delivery -- especially in a large room that is not reasonably airtight -- limit its usefuiness as an incapacitating agent.

Maior emphasis during this quarter-was also placed on providing, in a readily available form, the maximum amount of practically useful information from previous reports. To this end, unclassified versions of the reports on electric shock and non-penetrating impact were submitted: Incapacitation of Criminals bv Non-Penetrating Impact and Incapacitation of Criminals by Electric Current.

Of all the specific incapacitation systems examined, thedevice appears to be the most promising. Dr. Jcardiologist, Dr.

visited and submitted a special report on their device, with recommendations for animal studies which would help validate the physiological saiety of this incapacitation technique.

The final activity undertaken undcr this project was a brief ad hoc review of the Soviet technique known as Kirlian photograpay.· Biological materials, when placed along with photographic film in a high-voitage radio ireçuency fieid produce a picture which shows details of the object not visicle under ordinary light. With the help of Joa

the subject, a simple instrument was developed and satisfactory Kirlian-type photographs were obtained in both color and black-and-white.

1.

[PAGE 26]
Summary of reports, letter reports and substantive reviews submitted under Project

Lettcr rcport on U.S. Patent 3, 523,538

Letter report on "]with circuit diagram

30 April 1971 Status reports: General Program Outline Behavior Control Literature Review Real Life Situations Program for Continuation of Work

Report: Electric Current as an Agent for Personnel Incapacitation

Report: as a Vehicle for Incapacitating Agents

Report: Non-Penetrating Impact as an Agent for Personnel Incapacitation

Report: las an Incapacitating Agerit

Letter report: Possible Interactions Between 1

Letter report: Trip Report "Visit to

Report: Incapacitation of Criminals by Non-Penetrating Impact

Report: Incapacitation of Criminals by Electric Current

Ad Hoc Report: Investigation of Kirlian Photography

. 6 Quarterly Technical Progress Reports, which includes the Final Technical Progress Report and, 16 Monthly Contract Status Reports, which includes the final monthly report.

2.

[PAGE 27]
Expenditurcs to date:

Administrative Aspects

3

207