MORI 184471

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TO FROM D /H SUBJECT ARTICHOKE Techniques and 0/H The ARTICHOKE techniques were applied to from through and to from through Although I did not attend the sessions with I havediscussed the results of the D/H. tests fully with and theARTICHOKE DSvchiatrist, and I was present during the tests of A is preparing a. full report on the tests, and intend todo the same on the tests as soon as an interrogation based on the results bf these tests canbe completed.For your own information and for whatever actionyou may wish to take towards recommending that A puah the development and acceptance of. these techniques at Headquarters, I am submitting in this memorandum a brief. review of the and tests and then my ownobservations and-suggestions. H

H -The combination hypnosis-sodiam pentathol techniqueused on was considered to have been completelysuccessfulby everybodyconcerned.Therewas nodoubt onthe part of the teampsychiatrist, thé hypnotist, r,or of the technique.His answers to the questions put to him that was completely under theinfluence D/H whilebe was under-the influence compèètelyconfirmed theinformation given by him in his normal interrogation, and. there was no doubt that he was answering spontaneously and truthfully- of even greater interest for our. purposes, however, is the fact that the team-succeedéd in obtaining 100% amnesia.In other words, remembers nothing. / about what was said tohim or what-ne said to his interrogator while he was under the influence of the technique. Healso remembers nothing about what tappened to him except that during the medical examination he showed considerable nervousness and wasgivena sedative which put him to sleep. Whathappened during the "sleep" is ablank in his mind.It is,of course,possiblethat if be dalls into the hands of a interrogator, he will be-able to describe his medicallexamination, butit willsound like nothing more than a medicall He will-notbeable todescribe anything else. The I mightdrawthe conclusion that the. sedative giben to him was a "truth serum", but they will have no hint that bypmosiss which-is-thezmore important -part nf the-technicuen was used.

3 The combinatlon hypnosis-sodium bentathol-technique was only partisllysuccessful in-that was able,at least during the latter part of the questioning, tocontrol:-his thoughts to somedegree.
One reason for the lack of cómplete.success may have been thatthe hypnotist had to work through an interpreter
and had difgiculty establisbing rapport with his subject.
It la true that the hypnotiat vorked through an tnterpreter

APRUVD  LESE CATE 1 JUN 1978

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case too,but is on. a much higher Intellectual level than and required more direct and intensive contact than can be obtained through,an interpreter.-t Another reason was that the many unkoown factors in case necessitated extensive questioning, which went beyond the aafety point for retention of control of his mind. At any rate, the fact that wa8 ableto yolunteer information at one point and was. able to remember two of the questions put to himmade it evident that he was not under as deeply as could be desired and that complete amnesia as to what had taken place was not obtained. It was decided, therefore, to try the application of sodium pentathol. omitting the hypnosis. From a technical point ofview, the results of this were perfect. was regressea to the period when he was on his mission Tor the and he gave considerable information concerning his contacts in the He alsoindicated clearly that he bad been betrayed to the although we were not able todetermine exactly what the betrayal had consisted of because oftwo factors: 1l) the time linit on the questioning: (a) the regression was almost too perfect from an intelligence point of view,and since he accepted the interrogator as an old friend in the r. I

nis.Irequent answer to pertlnent questions was, why are vou asking me this? You 2/分 knowall these-things. also blocked at severalkey pointsin the questioning..The psychäatrist considered it possible that this blocking on keyissues was the result of four years of living a cover:- and/or resistance group, had been deceived by that ,allegedlya memberof an internal 2/4 (All this will be covered more Tully in the final report on The net take Iromthe ARTICHOKE tests of consisted or a considerable number of new interrogation leads,whichshouldbe followed up by detailed interrogationAs to the amnesia obtained 2/H on the sodium pentathól test, remebers only that he hada"bad.dream" He remembera nothing about the details of what took place during this,"dream" and was more than a little puzzled.In the psychiatrist's opinion, will never be able to recall what he said or what was said to him. (For security reasons, however the faćt that complete amnesia was not obtained makes controlled disposal to the F mandatory, and action has been initiated in In summary,"it may be said that the ARTICHOkE techniques were about50%successfulon and might well 2/H have been much more successful if they had been applied in l950./From the viewpoint of determining thevalue of these/techniques in operations,I consider it justifiable to state that the regression alone proves the operational value'of the techniques, as will be explained.below.

4. Observations: The following comments are based on my observation of the techniques, as used on andonmy detailed discussions with the bypnotist and the Fsychlatrist as.well as-with membera of theteam:

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a. A brlef statesent of-the-cethods used will. larify some of the cuestions which may have been raised by the paragraphs above.

If the hypotism technique fails, the next step is.to use, a pretext similar to tboșa already described toinject pentathol and depend on the effects of thisalone,omitting the byrnosis. In case,thiswassuccessful. basis lor preoictingthe degraa of success witb either There isino techniquein any givencase.. The techniques are stiil orficallly.considered tobs experizental; unofficially i€is the opinionof.the nembers ofthe team tbat Lhere bave been enough experiments to.Justify.giving.tbesraen:lignt-to-operational-use-or the techniques.

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b. The tachniques described above, in the tarest detail, are applicable to a variety of operational purposes although again it must be stressed that there is no way ofpredicting the degree of. success wècould expect by using the techniques on any given inäividual. Briefly these purposes arex as follows:

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Knowing me as you do, you are probably aware that Iam not easily convinced and that.whenI have reservatior about something I have to have a,Eolid reason fordoing away with the reservations and pytting acceptance in their place.. You may therefore be assured that when I recommend that ARTICHOKE be accepted by as an unquestionably worthwhile operational aid, this is not a recommendation whichis made on impulseA I, discussed ARTICHoKE at length with the visiting team,ohserved the technicues iause, and am convinced, as is thatif decides to make use of ARTICHokE, recognizing clearly that there will be many a failure but also that every success with this. method will be pure gravy, we shall be taking a long step towards accomplishing our operational objectives. Ir you. accept this recommendation, then I suggest that vou send adispatch to stating that bothof the ofricers wbo wogked with the ARTiCHokE team bera nave recommended amore extensive-operational useof ARTICHokE and suggesting/that follow this up with It might well be pointed out in the dispatch that ARTICAOKE is particularlyuseful in because the minds or the personnel with whom we deal are conditioned by suverstition and agreater degree of resbonsiveness to suzgestion than is true of the western mind.\* Expressions of interest from the field are of great assistance to the personnel G who wish.to push this project forward as rapidly as possible. 6.I should like todiscuss this with youandalso hear your reaction to the recommendation above.

Both Hese fattors make for a greater degree ofsuecersin applying the Yeelniguer.