MORI 190741

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General-Agent Disposal H-B/3 Specific

Henorandum froms. 7 Jan. 1953 G Subject

In viey of, the fact reforence memorandum notified us tha is unable to continue to detain aubject in confinament, it is requested that subject's status be changed from maximum confinemont to rehabilitation.

t:is further raquested that subject be releused in 80me country after the rehabilitation phase In view of subjeotis past record, the following minimun requiraments are;recommended.

a.A course in the language.
by.Doouments necassary for the country of destination. After. determination of the country of destination, notify the agency of subject's ETA. Advise the to rebuff or otherwise turn avay any approaches subject may make in the future, andlin the discretion, as needed request other United States agenoies in the area to avoid subject.

A/B,2,28/2

31March 1953

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A/P.2 24/5

1. Case /2 was an individual botween thirty-five and forty-five years physical type. of. age, anparently in good health and of a very strone, muscular, stocky.

as told to our case officer Hlis story and other Aceney personnel, con
tained many discrepancies and since he had already proved to he an embar
rassment, for a number of roasons, to
turned over to our Aconey to get hin off , ho was hànds
and to make whatover use could be, made of him, narticularly in connection
with the Sinee his story was full of dis
crepancies, in parts, totally unrcasonable, and since he had roen cvasive
and made falsò statements and, in general, indicated unreliability, the
Artichoke techniques were requcsted in this caso.

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or a porjod of time. Ho he allagedlv served told peculiar stories concernina gand his actiereated strong susnicions vitics in connection with thathe guite possibly was a

As mentioned above, the ubject had been qestioned ty whad heen questioned by two separate aconts at, different ti for this Acency, and had been cive two polygrapn examinations by the case officer in this particular instance. The Polygrann charts indicated.by strone reactionnalterns, falsostalenents and evasion (polygraph charts exanined by the writer) and felt that the use of the Artichoke technques would te highly advantaseous- in this case. It should be noled tha idoes not spcaé and as. in tao orevious caser racted as interpretor and again olayed the role of controlled hypnotist-interpretor.

11. On Friday13 June 1952 and sevoral suards picked snd brourht the suhiect to
the suhject upat
the safe house again in an inconspicious black sedan with the suhiect's cves
tapel and rearing dark glasses. The cover stories and the molical psychiatric
approach in this case wre the same as that applied in the first, caso above.
At h:25 PM on Friday, 13 June 1952, the firot interview was held hy. with the suhject. acted as interpretor A
and this interview, which was of a medicäl nature only, lasted until 5:0o P.

5. On Saturday, 1h June 1952, a second iniervicw was held with this subjoct. and at this time the full medical exaninalion was sbarted. A ceneral medical history was taken ande xegbegen the psychiatric exunina- A tion as in the above case. This interview and examination lastod fron ll:25 to 12:h5 in Lhe morning.

6. Again on Saturday afternoon between 2:19 and h:07another genral medical and psychiatric examination was given the subject bree. assisted by A

7. Irmediately following this medical and psychiatrie examination an! startine at h:57. r assisted o the subject an "electro-encephalograph" (EtG) examination.

NOTE: rhis examination, which was entirely faked, was made possibic by, the construction of an "electro-oneenhalorraph" machine hy
4 who converted a Fierce Wire Recorder into an instrunent that, the doctors called-an-"electo-encephalograph". The instrument, was rigred so that the Pieree Recorder was connected by clectrodes (artificial) to Lhe hond of the sibject.

It was decided by the doctors to use this "sEg" since it had been determined that this subject was quite intelligent and additional cover was nceded to carry out the Artichoke work.

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8Upon completion of the "ErG" examination, the "dry" run in thi" caso was borun at 6:35 Pü in order to ascertain whether or nol Lhe :ubject could be roached by hypnosis,P'resent, at this time wor A andt (acain wearing the uniform of who was centrolled in the :iving of hypnesis ba WITONOS àrain watching the suhject throuch a crack in one of the doors in the roon. ilsing the samc comhination technique (a very light dosar? of sodiun penbothal), the suhjcctwas placed in a decp trance state in hetween twenty and thirty minutes by As in the first case,:the standari douth of trance tesis were made and also at this timc, strone post-hynnotic sus- A gostions were givon for future work. At the erd of thosr tests, however, the subiect, was pcrmitted to sleep fora number of minutes boforo he was awakened by. "racain using Shas his interpretor. This test was concluded at 7:09 Při.

9. On Sunday, 15 June 1952, at approximately h:O0 Pli, a full interrogation test was horun. At this time, there were present, in the operations room with the subject: and Swith bandling the injections acting as general interorctor: ang was wearing an and using his hearing aid wiich was, of course, as betore, coupled to g microohone held by at his point. of observation :the case officer in this particular case, was in the technical room hooked into the intercom system ty narphone and micronhone. All other members of the Team were present and carrying out pre-arranged duties.

10. It should be noted that in each case, the use of Lhe injections had been very skillfully hrought about by the doctors as being essential to a necessary modical treatment to assist each subject. For natter of record, neither subject offerod the slightest objection to theso injections whatsoever.

1l. In this !est, after an extremely light dosare of sodium pentothal had been started into tho subject (intravenously), the subject. was rapidly placed in a deop hypnotic trance by: This rapid induction.was due obviously to the strong posf-nypnotic sugcestions of the day before ("ory run") and the exactly timed medication and induction.

12. This induction process consumed about twenty minutes, including various tests and at 2:lh5 PM, approximately, after ali nocossary checks of trance depth had been made, actual interrogation was bogun. This interrogalion takted. from 2:h15 PM to h:05 PN when il.-was concluded owine to the fact. that the subject was slowly awakening fron the trauce state and apparently was beginning to realize he was boing questioned.

13.In this connection, it. saculd be noted Lhat, subsoquent. tests in regards to amnesia on the part of the subject indicatod hat. the cnbject had a good ammosia for anproximately the first hour of tnis test hut only

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e partial or frarmentary amnesia for the last. fifteen to twonty mimutes cf
the test. Fortunately, the most, pertinent questions had all been asked
durine the first hour and sutject's partial knowledee of later questions
was not rcgarded as irportant. shile it, is difficult, to accurately state
why the suhject. awakoned near the conclusion of the interrorat ion, it was
thoprofessional opinion agreed in
that:

A. An hypnotic trance as a basis for interrosation should not excoed one hour -- beyend that, the sub ject hás a -tendency to awaken in spite of continuous and skillful reinforcement. of the hypnotic suggestions.

P. Any questicn may be dangerous to ask and if the question is not properly phrased or is personally ropugnant to the subject, the surject, may awaken or fail to respond.

C. Depth of an hypnotic trance gradually lessens as time cons on and when the subject is constantly being, questionod -- no matter how skillfully -- full control cannot always be maintained.

Subject, at this point was fully awakened by using a
standard, slow hypnotic awakening procedure.

ll. Following, conclusion of this test, a genoral conference was held by all hands to discuss results of this test, and whether or not additional information from this subject would be desiratle. After a discussion, it was docired that on the following day, another Artichoke technique would he applied to the subject and additional information would be sought along lines that would te of additional value to i, the case A officer. It. was also decided that, the test, wouid he made hoiding the combined medical-hypnotic approach as used in the first, case in reserve and attacking the subject on this test with full merlication.

15. On lionday, 16 june 1952, at approximately 11:30 AN, the subject was prepared for another full tesl. At this time, there were present in the rom wi and ee-to act as interpretors and interrogators. In this connection, Chadrigred a comnlex intercommunication system which permilted to be in a position to comunicate with the interprotors and at the same time hear the results of the intorroration as it went along,. No hypnotie approach was made during this test..

16. At approximately 12:00 noon cegan the administration of heavy dosages of sodium pentothal intravenously and shortly thereafter the subject, becan to react to Lhe drugs. After a staloafdrevsines had teen rerched and tefore a full cora had developed, tho herana physical stimulation of the subject in order to place the subject in a

-15.

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socal!ed-"twilight stato" which is the test condition for intorrocation. Thi; physical. stimilation consisted of shaking tho subjeet, putting pressure on certain nerves, and sharply slapping the subject's foot.  Thercafter, from about 12:15 toel2:ls Pil, some interrogation was carried on. and during this period the interrogation was not taken on recording tapes.)

17. At approximately l:0O PH, it was deçided by-the. to hecin injection of a stimulant to seo if a more expansivetliative reaction could ho obtained from the subject. Accordinglyiep hegan a carefully controlled injoction througn the intravenous auparatus of dosages of Pesoxy (d-desoxynephedrine hydrochloride -- stimulant anich nroduces elevation of mood, talkaliveness, etc.). After a short, neriod of time, this combination tegan to have a highly successful cffect. The surjoet began to he more talkative, more dramatic, ani apparently a great doal less inhitited than. previously. The drugs produced, during this period, in addition to a creat, deal of talk, a remarkable rocrnssion and during this regression the sutject actually relived certain nast activitics of his life, some dating rack fifteen years, while in adlition, the subject totallv accented (who was acting as one of the interpretors at this time) as an old trusted, heloved personal friend whon the subject had known in years past This rerrension, at times, became extremely vivid and produced dramatic feelings and stalomonts on the part of the subiect to such an extent that, he insisted from time to time uponkissing whom he continuously called by the name of his old friend and former associate.

18. The total time consumed (arout two and one-half hours) under the influence of the chemicals counting from the starting, time of thé injection. was from approximately 12:00 noon until ahout 2:38 Pi, when the subject was removod to his own adjoining bedroom. The total effective interrogation time during this period (including the regression) was from ahout l2:15 Pii unti1 2:10 Pil.

19. The time from 2:10 PM to 2:38 PH was consumed by the subject pirtiafly recovering from the effects of the dosages of the drugs. Durine this period, the suhject, was groggy, somewhat nauseated, was primarily in a semi-conscfous slate and was, for a considcrahle period of time, unresponsive to muscular co-ordination tests. when the subject was removed from the onerat.ions room to his own bedroom at 2:39 Pii, he roquired assistance and was stargorinc on his feet and after being placed in his bed he passof-inte a sleep which lasted for soveral hours.

20. Shortty after the conelusion of this last test, a ceneral conz ference was held by a1l hands botween 3:00 and h:o0 2i ant it was decided that on the basis of the material obtained, the Artichcke work would be

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A

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considored as completed. stated Lhat he had obtained ample informition to continue the work" on"the cace aii he fclt. that. he might possitly in the future, on the basis of the new information doveloued, run ihe subject again on the polygraph on the new material and the now descrepancies that had appeared as a result of the Artichoke trcatnent. emphatically expressed himself that, on the basis of the material uncovered, the subjsct was totally unreliahle and in the future his disrosition would have to be a controlled mattr, which stated had been arreed unon previously.

21. As noted above, both cases were entiroly recorded with thn ex
cention of one period The tane recordings
were turned over to the case officers involved to enable them to study them and draft from the recordines all notes, comnonts, etc. which they
necded to corplete their work. Itshould again te noted that thc responses of the suhiects are, of course, Bnd have not to date been interpreted or transcrihed in Fnglish to enable the Artichoke Team to study the results of the application of the techniques. As far as is known, the tapes are being held ay and will he, after full us? had been made
rof them in. the area, forwarded to Vashington, D.C., It is helievd that will handle this matter as soon as possible, although to dhte"we have received no report in this connection.

22. The Artichoke Team, while entirely certain that results were conclusive and although the case officers exoressed themselves as completely satisfied, feels that final and critical comments should be withheld until transcripts of the tapes can he made and a mothodical. and careful analysis is developed of the tapes and cross-checked against the case files in each case.

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CONCLUSIONS

In. the opinion of the Arbichoke Team merhors, the successful anplicalion, of a combined hypnotic-chemical anrroach indicates that these techniques worked in combination have a very hizh potential as an intclligence weavon.

The Artichoke Toan foels that since these techniques have only boen used in a limited sense, it would be wrong ta make extensive claims or the efficacy of tho techniques, hut it does appear to be clcarly estabiished that these techniques, when proporly applied and given a caroful cover screen, should be.generally highly cflective.

The Team membors feol that the most. important aloment that, is necessary to perfect thess techniques is the application of the techniques to a great, number of cases. The Team members also foel that if work can be done in many cases, it will be possible to refinc the tochniqucs, make the rosults more certain, reduco the time requirements for the administration of the techniques, and settle more specifically on the technicai details involved. Additional cases will also give the Artichcke Tean a chance to test now chemicals, now combinations, and now idoas in both the psychological and hypnotic fields.

It is the general conclusion of the Team members that. the Artichoke technique is financially worthwhile and that in viow of the small success to date, additional funds can he given to this project, with the strong assurance that the money will not be wasted.

RECONNENDATIONS

1. At the present time, there is an absencs of tochnical equipment both in quantity and quality in the ficld stations and it should bc a rule of the Artichoke Team when traveling to take with thom or ship to the point at, which the Artichoke work is to he done, ail tho necessary technical equipment required. This equipment, upon comoletion of the Artichoke work,"should bo turned ovcr to the field staticns for their later use.

2. Insofar as possible; technical equinment lo te used in tho Artichoke work or-for Lhat matter in technical work overseas should be modified in the Onited Sitates to suit overseas conditions before it, is shipped. Future plans of the Technical Research Staff includes development of Dhis type of cquipment.

3. If the Artichoke work is to be expanded, it is cssential that language ability. If interrogators bo found who have wide

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individuils arn to tc trained to assist. in the Arlichoke work, a nroference should be givmn to those individuals havinr a fluont, knowlodee of languages.

h The development of a medical-osychiatric cover as carriod out by in the inslant operation is recarded by the working in the field with the Arti-Team as cxcellent cover. Any choke Team,ifatallpossible, should have the henefit of consultation with

electrical power at.best is an uncertain quantity, C. Since the development of mechanically powered and battery-operated recording equipment should be pressed. The Technical Rescarch Staff is at present working on this type of equipment and will, as soon as it has roachod the operational stage, moke recommendations that this tync of equirment ho forwarded to the various j. 1t. i= particularly essential that, this tyce of cquipment be held in readines: s a standty in the event of power failures.

6. It is urgently rocommended that, in the future, as Artichoke operations are centenplated (particularly on a larger scale), the technical cquinment with the Artichoke technician and a desirnated I&CO Staff Officer be sent. to the operation area in advance tn lay on technical and administrative details that are essential prior to the departure of the Artichoke Team. In larger operations, that would be a tromendous factor in incrensing the technical and operating efficioncy of thc Artichoke work.

COMENTS

1. The、Artichoke Team felt that the security handling of ihi: operation was excellent. The security arrangements, which were hindleri y the Severe under the offic? 0 and were outstanding in every repersonal dergction of 7 who in additi.on to handling the spect. Credit is also duc t security protlems, covored nost of the administrative details and the personal details involved in this operation.

2. The case officers who enacted Lhe difficult. roté of interpreter-hvonotisb, carried out thoir work in an unusuilly intelligent and co-operat.ive mnner.

3. The modical-psychiatric work, which was so vital to the operation, and tof thé yas handled ithout their highly competent assistance, the Artichoke work would have been extremely difficult, if not impossible.

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hi The technical arrangemenls, which were very complex ar? included miltiple intercomnunication systems, gere handled in a highly efficiont manner by e of tne work again domonstrates that all operations of this tb? require- the hichest technical skill with particularly the ahility to inprovise as an absolute essential.

5. without in any sense heing critical, two comuents aro herewith added for consideration in future operations:

A. Long experience and constant practice are cssontial elemonts in the makeup of an interrogator working with the Artichoke techniques. This, of course, implies fluent. knowledge of the nitive langunge of the subject. Sharp, intelligent, and sound interrogation tochnioues are vital in Artichoke opcrations.

R. If at all nossible in uture operations, the safe houso for the operation shonld be closer to the headquartars than in the operation just concluded. The writor, of course, recognizes that this is a difficult security prorlem, but as a neans of inereased efficiency, speed, etc., safe hguses neor headquarters are most desirable. In this connection, the writor wishes to make one obsorvation which conceivably would be of value in these operations ani that. is that the overseas officies of the Acency shoild have as a standard piece of suuioment a windowless ambulance or delivery truck or inconspicicus closed motor vehicle of somo type wherein the suhject could be transported without the inherent danger of observation either fron Lhe outside or by subjects themselves. Furthermore, it is telioved this would clininate some of the problems of the guards in the handlinz of the subjects.

3.