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Introduction

Eact-finding trip cevices and experincnts investigated durinz a recent to Russia. As such, it is an extension of the

wzitten concerning tha srip ratker than z subszizute report. For a cozplete picture of the inforzation reccived éurinz this trip, bozh reporis ere necessary. Since it was felt that.zeny peopis woulá zot be Lacerested in the details cf these devices and experimcats, two reports kave been written.

(2) Acupuneturc points and tha Tobiscope and (3) Telckinesis (P) experizents and field detectors.

Technical Data

.Kirlian Photograoby

In this area of investigation, the important dcvice fectors fell into two categorins:' (a) the oparating characteristics of zhe elcctrical pever source and (b) the configuretion snd coaponents of the information displcy and recording devices.

(a) It was indicated that the power sourco should be a pulsed high-frequency ficld (soncwhat similar to a reder power source). The pulse characteristics arc given in Fie. 1 and are (i) pulse height - 20-l00kvolt, (ii) pulsc widch 10-4 Lo 2 x 10- sec, (iii) puise repotition period = 50 sce and (iv) A.C. frequensy n'75 to 3000iieriz., They vere of the opinion that a single D.C.

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pulse would not be efzective in producinz tha effect. ["however,vcrk czrried ouz in England usinz this approach has reveazed very interesting photogrephs from zaciation in the cltrc-violet.] They mentioned that ic was denzerovs to use P.C. ratker than high frequeney; with hish fzeçuency fnside the pulse cavelope, one can vork wich living syszems.

Although a static eleczric field of the same valuc ss used in the A.C. systcia ( 10" volts/cm) would also yield cold clectroa emission, she situation is not strnightforward es stzong polarization of the electrodes vould oceur (clcctroysis). Thiey feel that it is necessary to have a discharge speciss be-1 tween the specimen and the film in orderfor proper cheanel foreation to 一1 occur (as a result of positive foa clustering around the electzon streax). /The 7 elcctrons exit fron ths surface with different velocities and this includes information about the objcct. If one uses a D.C. power source, cçuilibrazioa fea of electrons occurs and the image is absent. Wita D.C., in the first/zoments an image appcars but then disappears lster as ecuilibration occuxs. The a.F. sigual is elso used in the pulsc so that one can decrease the size of the equip. ment. The use-of different frequoncies allows one to obtain quite different pictures, presumably associated with different resonances froa cifferent cells, etc.; i.e., the elcctrons caa come from different parts of tha skin.

Actually, one need use only one palse to obtain a photograph. Tha slow pulse repetition rate is to provide low average power. It secms thst a pulse duration o2 about 2 x l0-s scc is moxiana ard if τ is much lnrger, the image is poor. On the other hand, if τ is too sinoll, the channel discharge process docsn't have time to develop (for contact photography, one caa use τ\~ 2 x l0-" sse). The totat current drswn froa the carire su-face is less thaa I: sap eo

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thar the sctuai curront in a Cischarge ckannel is much less, They suages: thnt tais is the reason for thestability o the coiá clectron. caission. The average power o5 a geneżater is about 1 vatt (pulse pozer is mes larzer, of course). Thus, quite sazil generstors csinz batterics, zransiormer: transistors, etc., can ba built anc taken cut iato the fiald. Rovever, such small generators gcnerelly do not have es much stability as one would like.

一, It wes stated that any dischérge incluces photons but thet oniy discharges in a strong field procuce an icege. This seens to relate to elcetzon acceleration which leads to photon caissioa. Ož cocrse, even the radistios danage eifect of the eiectrons hitting the photograzhie graias can ba expketec to produce massive exposure of such grairs.

(b) In the simplest Kirlian device, shaped like a senáwich or parellel pzate condonsct, the objcet is placed botweoa the two plates to which voltege is cpplied, If the condenscr plates aze too close to the object, theze will be to effeci on the film. In order to get good pictures, there Eust be 4 die-7 lectric gep betwecn the object and tha filp.'The exposure tine depends on the film speed and on the power density ož the electzie field.

LTo improve the effect and ausoent it, a fine sercen (like a silk screen) may be placed between the'object and capacitor plete (and fils). The fils is betwçen the condenscr plate and the screen. SThis sereen crhances tha efiect, prodadly by its serving as a dielcctric one type of effectiva seree material is film itself that. has been completely cxposed and ceveloped.

The device ena be placed in a scissors avrsngement as illustrated in Fig. 2, the scissors beirs used to spply a slight Lut even pressure via the paralon (or sponce) pads. The clactsodee re Cevezoped -ray fil (Ag  A

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and the ieads aze fastened to thei as indicsted. The dull.mutt ficisk os. these clestrodes provides poor refiectivity of light and thusis an kić to producins a good irage. The specing bezveen object snd fila is sbont ss microns (can be 10 to 100x).

To Laprova the resolution, & layer of saline water or other condvetive liquia is sozetimes piaced betweas the osject snd the filn. In this cass, the filn is pleced with the eaulsion fecing away froa the osject so thet the crulsion won't bs disturbed. The capacitor plate is then piaced outsice of the fila, A furzher improvemsnt cea be mate by using the concuetiva liccid as one of tha cspacitor plates, thereby permittiag better resolution ans. faster work with the fils.

For taking picpures of a section of humaa skin or other part of the bocy, only onc cicctrode is needed. In this case, the body acts as ground; i.a., only ona helf of the device, presented in Fig. 2, is needed. This seme eleetrode procedure is used for the Kirlian microscope, illustrated in Fig. 3, when it is epplied to the body. Photographs of the oac-electrode device ane the microscopa ara shown in Fig. 4.

A simple roliing device, which has the ecvantage of operating &t less thanl wacs averege power, was also desezibed. Ic is illustrated in Fiz. 5. In this device, ro discharge occurs at points A or ć but does occur at poins B whers the specing is about 10 microns. The cylinder is rolled at about 10 em/nin and gives a Loving line.discherge to expose the fila in seguanee. A device for taking moving pictures is illustrated in Fig. 6. It utilizes the nrraazement of Fig. 2. Controlled veights are spplied to the device and sie fila 1e pulled through at sóme partieun: spand while the dischazce

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procass is goins on. The film is rolice in the usual vay and sil is conzaines wichin a casette.

In Fis. 7, an extremely usezul device idca is ilivstreted. Tha previous methods utilized rigid cepacizor plates which do not allow one to teke pletvzes of objoctskaving irregular profiies. In the new Eethod (cescribed in Russiaa patenc 9209958 filcá ia l96á by Aazznko snd Xirlian), the čevice tekes the shape af the body. Thé traasperent elcctrode is a silicon crganic fiin; kowcvar, zany othar possibilizies exist. Wizh this device, aay porticn of ts bocy can be photogzaphed directiy. In fact, one couid make & savz-fittinz vest or gazment of the zareriel which could then be monitored photographieaily froa a Gistance or displayes continuousiy via closed-cizcuit T.V.

This new method grew ouz of an esrlier idea o Kirlian's (yeteas Plcs06 in l953) which utilizcd a conductive trenspezent waterial as. part of the i capacitor, to which a hinged mirror was attached, and z flexible corductive material which is laid upon.the object to be photographed. The mirror .is concave and acts as a lens, enlarging the object to be studied. The,cirror is appercatly used for visual cxesinacion when not taking photogrephs. Easveea the object and the flexible, trsnsparent condenser plate is placed a dieleetril net. A photographie plate is placed over the front or top of the cosiucto= so that the prints were merely contact prints without focusing.

The forcgoing dcvices all oyarate in air at l atrosphere pressure: If the pressure is reduced to l0-s a of mercury, the isáze is still retaines evun with the electrode separation increased to 20-30 ca. Ae a prassuze si 10-? ma o ecrcury, the image discppears. h visuni display systcn using emaihing like a television tube Ls illustraz Ln. Vig. 8. In this C2 crvize

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clcetraus Eroa tho objeer inpirge on a 20ou-thick diciectric thec: charge pattera indcces charge poiarization on the other sice oz the file vacs: in turn, afiects che prezerenzisl genzetry ož electroa emissics frcz che Thus, the eventusi image or. the screan is Ináecd that of the objaez. Tais Es a very importans phenomenon whick sllows sany interesting Fodislcations of device design.

The wezhods hava been developed for ixage enpiification (magniflcarioa). In the first case, they use cold emission obcained in the smell spasing.davize (50u) of Pig. 2 with a high electric fielć at the cüges, $\overline { s } _ { 2 } \sim \widehat { \mathsf { a } } \overline { v } ^ { 2 } \nabla _ { \widehat { \theta } } ^ { \prime } = =$ E is caused co decrease in the middle to Ey\~ loiv/ca (see Fiz. 9a). Taus, the cagnification, μ, is given by

μ

(1)

They have obtained valucs of μ\~ 340. The second method is carried out in s CkT type device es illustreted in Fig. 9b. The short electrode (cethcse) hes a field $\Xi _ { \gimel }$ and the larger electrode (anode) has a field $\Xi _ { z }$ (E\~1C2v/ca, $\dot { \mathfrak { E } _ { z } }$ is snaller). In this case, the magnification, y, isgiven by

$$
y = \frac { E _ { 1 } } { E _ { 2 } } = \frac { S _ { 2 } } { S _ { 1 } }\tag{2}
$$

where $\mathfrak { s } _ { \mathfrak { z } }$ end $\dot { s _ { z } }$ are the tensions of the swo electrodes $( S _ { 2 } E _ { 2 } - S _ { 2 } S _ { 2 }$ froa Gazss' law and charga conscrvation).

Using the T.V. tube type of device, one might cxpect thet the cea of clectron lenses would aliow one to build an clectron microscope witk very bish prgnificotion. liowever, because of the high vacuua needed in such ε device, a severe limicacion exists. Ac 107 - l0  e2 marevzy pzesvze, e zs

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no Lisnge because of the loss of chanuolins ioss put ar i0-4 . l0-s tm Ng, one docsa's even need a lens. i"The ese of the dielectrie imprinting techniquc. way be a heipfvi aić here.)

In coneluding this saction, it was noted that, if & person's fingerprints were sanded ciz, the Kirlian photogrtphs still revealed the crigiaai 1 in fingerprints. Likevise, if 2 po l0% of s leaf has beon cut away fron oce edge, the entire radistion patteznof the uaaltered leaf was still revecled in the Kirlian photogzeph. [Is would ba useful to perzoze the experinsnt by cutting successive sprips iron the leaf and photographing in order to ses what percencage of the leer can be renoved without an alteration in the totsl radiation pattern. Dr. Adamenko suggested that the duaber of radietion sources in the leaf or finger may be so nuserous as to produce sufficient redundancy of Lniormetion that, if a portion of the leaž or skin is reroved, the lost sources do not signiiicantly disrupt the wultiple erray pattern.

2. Acupuneure and the Tobiscooe

Although it was not possible to obtain a circuit ccsign for the Topiscope dcocribcd in Rež, 1, it is possible to piece together çonversationel infornazion and propose criticel cireuit design features froa which a person, skilled in.electronics, could make an instrunent. Most simply, the device is a D.C. amplifier with e high input icpedance and is battery powercd, Very likeiy, the extcrnal skin impedence is arzanged to be placed in parallel with the iniut iapedauce of the Tobiscope.. Thus, if the skia impedance is reasonably lnrge, the total operating input icpedance is vnaltered by increasing . the s'za h leaarh. Hoveves, i7 a nurber óf locatiens sze fouad wkieh

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prolece shuntins ez shsrr cireuis pachs s iow irpedance, thea the efscetive input impecanca oz tha devica is sizaificantiy Iovercd. For contact vick such points, the current Ficuing shsouga the device will be grcatiy inercased snd the ccrrent change (s voicage change) zay ba multiplied-by the D.C. eapli-Fier to a suzficient degzea to light a buls in the head of the device. Tha iliuanation of this light signals the locazion of a shunting path or an 1 scupurcture point.

The device operetes on Less than 1 miero smp et  voits wizh the 3 transistor D.C. aapiifier beiag very stabie cver the voitaga range of l.3 to.3.5 volts. Ihe input rosistence is sbout 4-5.x l0 ohas and the cevice. nezás éry skia tobe eifectiva in locating the scupunctura network poirts (vet, saity slin leads to suriace shunt paths). It is found that a resistance of about 50 x l03 ohas cxists Setween these nezvork poinzs and that the valuc inetezses greatly during slesp. The equivalenz resistance over the same length of skin betwicea two noa-network points is in the range \~los ohos. At presene, they are investisating an alternating current device and find that very interesting nary pert of the impedence).

The D.C. resistanee between one acupuncture point and another is about 50 k for two adjacent netvork points and varies slowly, as the distance between points increases, to about l00 Kn. The sane range of variation occurs due to enotional change, light stimulvs, ete. Ihe procedure here is to use a suall current and a bridse balance method. As pointeé out by Adamenko(2) in tho cnse of cmotfonsl excitation the points vary in diarcter (as revealed by comdcetiviry azea) and there is the possisality of the areas overiappine

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ene anorher co form hish conáuczivity regions. Again, it must be cmphasizad chaz mecsuremenrs are paaniagul only on cry skin.

2a) save inveagatd che variaiion o conduetivity betveen tha zatcor? poians cccorcins to the patient's condizion is hyproais (see Fig. ll). The conditions or states cz kypnosis aze listcd along the abseissa as: () criinary ssate, () sicep wizh closed eyes, (3) sizep vith open eyes, (4) suzsestion of hallucinations, (5) "artificial reircarnacion", (6) work in "reinccr-. nstion" state. The four gzaphs show variazioas in four groups of spbjects rangins fron control group A (those not bypnotizabie) through 3, C and D in increasing order of kypnotizability. As secn fzom the eraphs, there exists a certain relationship Setween the pazient's hypnobility and the charecter of conductivity variations. In the control εroup, no conductivity vaziazion has been recorded which indicates the atsonce of emotional recctions to the hypnotist's words. However, in the cese oi ordinery erotional' states, these paticnts exhibit conductivity variations.

Iz has also been discovered that a voltage signal can be detccted betwean two network points provided two éiiferene types of metals are used as elcctzodes. On dry skin, using pleted circular electrodes o 5 to 7 a cia= eter, a Ni-Ag conbination yielced s potential difference of about 50 mv. A: skin Jocations there such points are ebseat, the potential differonce is cio: to zero, Likewise, between two network poines, using the sema electtode material (Ni-Ni or Ag-Ag,say), the potential dlffcrence is egein elose to zero It is sufficiant to pleto.cu electrodes wirh Ni or Ag (they use chrome-Ni az chrone-Aa). Adamcako finds that, the treatez the work function difference, A, barmn tae etcere wiras, sie rcrtr tha votega, Av,devalepe.

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They shiak that shis is à gaivaaic cell effaet with che channci of variáica betwzen the two satwerk points terinz es an cicetrolyce (like a Pa-Za bastezy). The current dravn Erou this battery Ls asout 10 uicro-aups; hovevez, this currear level polarines the eleesroces so they use an impedence to reéuce the current levei to about 2μ exps and then aiplify thesigaai for display puzpose: In cases o2 émotionai-volitive excitazion, the potential differance V aey incresse up to l00 millivozts. Using parallel connections bepween several network points, the volzege cbzsined may be as high as 0.5-l volt ard tke currcnt accordingly increased up to some satvretion limit (I =i0pA for i pzir, L= 18yA for 2 pairs, cte.).They feel that this high curreat crein couid "ba dangerous to thc body. This netvork potential difference has been used to power a simple cransistor racio and & szsll toy vehicle.

They fird thet, as the eiectrode sres, A, increases, the deveioped voltage, V, increoses. Thay also find that sn A.C. pulse is diwinished as tha ares of the clectrode incrcascs. Tnis is illustrated in Fig. 12 as a piot of V vs. time; it probabiy represants an averaging phenomenon,.whereia the A.C. signel srises only st the acupuncture point (less than 1 ma in diameter) in the central regioa of the eleetroda and potential averaging occurs.

In Fig. 13, the depeacence of senicosductor proparties'of acvpurcture points on tie physiological state of the incercal organs connected with these points is given. The vertical scale shows.the difference in resistance (eR) betweon syumetrical points in the dizeet and reverse directions, Eech vercicai line represents a particular tcupuncture connaction. Curves 1 end 4: "nealer" before and afcar trcetmant. Curves, 2 end 3: "pazicnt" before and pfter trentwat.

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To Éesten elcetzodes to 2 plapz, giuo can be vsea. 2o iesten eleccroter to hazans, around zhehead for ezsmple, on opea belmet is vsed whish cosicins serev consses eloctroces. that can be poved sbout and brought into light but coaslont pressuze contact.

An Imterceting testiag or training ¿avice, vsing a cylindzical cepacitor oz the tspe iilustrated in Fis. l4, vas zentioned. One hand vas placeć on the AL casing zraspiag the cylináer in ε aatural way (sone acupuncture points tous: she alumirua can). The chumb and foreficgex of the ocher band hold the ceatza contact post (acupunczuze points ia finzer touch the siiver-pleted coatact). The capacitor is held in this wey for oze sinute of charging snd it is trea microsmseter
cischarged through a yielding s Eaxinsm signal I, sey. Nexe, charging again occurs for one minute, but this tice the investigator also cen-5
taily concentrates oa charaiaz che capacitor. The maximum discharge current is Ia, say, yielding s ratio K = I/I, - the greater is K, the grceter is the ability to use one's mind in controlling the enerey body. The imaginatioz os stress (or actual muscle tension) or excitecent during this one-miaute period can be used to alter I. Usinz a 30 miczofrared capacitor,-the author fouac I ≈ l0yd; a larter capacitor (up to l0,coouf) sould probebly be better. This simple dovicc can be used to study one's ability to concenzrate and focus the mind and by practice, oreshould be abie to inczease X sigaificantly. It was stated that Alla V, the 2K periorner, is able to procuce K = 9 without too xuc difficulty.

3. Tetekircsis (p))

They find that the placing of a film on Nelya K's head during. the PK . esparinaas leais to rhe peacias o2 e larce exposul rpos oa the fou, They

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also Liná chas iils exposuze cssrzs if the filn is placed under the objeet used in a 2ć éxperimane. Ia adcitioa, tha fil xay siso be exposed ater the exparinazt Cue to a reszduci charce o soms sort os the osject. ke soaré thas Nelya K sctuelzyceused a fros's henrt to stop(and thez it then could not be starzcd sgaia electriesliy). Na also lecrced shat she can inflvence the hear" shyzhm of otherpeops and cen alzer theiz skin conditicn so as to produce a buzning fecling on contact. They kave fcund that kypaosis can be used to enhancc PK abilities and thas eczogenic trsining was used to heip increcse Alla \ PK abilities. It vas also steted that Nelya K cannot wove objects if thay are in a vecuus and that aftez the levitetion of ε snall ball in air, an elcctrostatie charge of 5 x l0 coulombs was founé on the ball.

It was no℃ possible to obcain any specific inforeszion concerning the Sergeyey detector ož pulsating magnetlc fields in the vicinity of the ?K objce i Howevex, it is likely to be the dotcctios of a magnetie field using a scnsing cicment oř the barium ticanete variety./It vss learned that pleats pake even better detectors of the PK fielós, when electrodes sre applied to two acupurctuze points of the plant) Uoing S ma diameter eicctrodes of xi and Az. they obtain about 50 mv betwcen two poiats which is anplified. During a PX experiment, current pulses occur which change frow 5 m ambient to over l00 p at ti pulee poak (sec Fiz. 15).)

They tave not fully studied the distribution of field strength betwcea the operator and osiect during PK and find ir to be a difficult question. Tn ficld.intensity docs increase as onereachcs the odjeet but prodably not in the radiation type todc illuszrated in Fig. lé. They don't know wiat type of 2ald patrarn cxiss oe the otzer side e. thu obzeet cee reen to chint thaz

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the force is sosshow jest ranifest in the vicinisy oi the cojees vichoct tangible intorveniis Eélć linkages becvcen she oparator and osjeet. Ta he cas of tc roiing cyiinéer ssed in shé 2x expacimans by alis V, acnmenka thinks chat a chazze civoa forzs, as illustzañeć in zig. 17, waich gives & mozt such that one could rove the objeet iz either cirectioa depensing on how coe heid his hsnd. [This is not cleez to me eitker.]

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T= 1-4-211

F: tojeneisfir paraln (or pejes electrider scessies clámp 02j:.t 59n ipecc-Cenutin sod i dit) epesck phearpice fh

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Fic. 3. "Discharge - optical housing

3. Eper haiz u hocsias

4. Yin 202 focesiag

5. Tread

6. Lozer haif of housinz 4

7. Mo oriiices ( 4ma) éispoced one in 2 °

ož tha sther

8. Rubber washer

9. Conzaet to póvar souree

10.  kazallis wire (for proteetica sgcinet circutt Cisruption becausa o wetez evsporaticn)

li. Taíckeriag in fora ož a ring

12. Pressirz rut, freely revoiving

13. Collars

14. Thread

.15. Traverse

16. rifice 5

17. Eottom of the traverse

18. Giess wich thickness 0.6-1.C

19. Glass with thickness 0.13-C.14=m

20. Chanber (cell), fiooded by vazer throe ozifica 7

21. 8-12 times objectiva

22. Sushing vhich carries oSjective

23: Threaá (ia accordance with aiczosecpe tude thread)

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1 Ez ENv. Ee

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