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Posaible Fallibllity of;Folyrraph Tosting of Suljecta in Posthypaotic Statos C 67

Sourco isz.of a promdnoat poychiatric clinic and repcarch Soundation.. ar pou ticis of psyclognoais and poychotliarepy bavy beca dorelcpod. undar somce'ses.ss Source has prevlously subniited a rovart cntitled.

1. . On the basis of your knovlodgo of bypnology, do you think that it wvould to posalble to iocuco a posthprotic siate on a oubject in such a way. that hie.reactiona to poltraph testtre would be sigificantlyaltoredi

,. A. My orlhad,opinion is thet this would bo quito posailio.. Of courso it would. be vary eirple to concuct exporimenfo uich could dalinitely cccide this quostion one ya or anothcr, bub. on the asption that such oxparirts bave not yet been carried outs I chould like. to compant brienlyau tho possibilities to. bo coucidcred.

As I unlerstand is, tho politraph mcarures unccnscious physical reactians to: the stimali oftbe ratal disturbancescauood by the tellineof doliberato lica Therefore,it vould apoar poosiblo that.a aubjoct could possibly avoid theso re ectiona i bo wro intorrogatod wlio in a, postlpaotie stato and thus ctablich his innocance far soo incrlainating acta orassociations. This ght be dono… by tha inductiaa of posthypaotic anosia for Lo incriainatizg episodes and tha sbstitution ofan alibi aituation-by tho establlshnt of falre recollcctione. Ln ordar worls, tho subject would te comvinccd that be was actually tellirg tho truth and would not hete tha paychosoratic dioturbancos neccesary for s polyaph reactio. In addition to Lhis, completo esia a tho hpotió itsolr can bo effocted and an affective colenso can be oet up againot rohjnctization by arothor hopuotiot. Fertbororo, the subject's roactions to othar quoations uoed.in testing the polraphebilityofaoabjoct vouldfrobobly.benorl:

2.., (Callector's loter: In adliticn to the cccnts reportod ators, sourcs sunostod and aupplicd reference matorial whichhefcitaight prorido somo beckround infcrration on this sabjeet. A brief review of son of this Literature was undcrtaken by the collector and tho coents liztod bolow vere abetiacted. Althouch they often support sourco'a opinioss,thoy are by no ceans croctly attributatle to his, or can the conclusions rozchod bo constriod as bearing his andorscnt..Abriof:revicw of recont volunes of Psvchiolo:ical. Abstrata (Abstracta)(later Uhiaa l950) revoaled no articles deacribing esperioonts imvolving postliypnotic bchavior in relatica to tho polygrr rachine.Therefuro tio following coments incluce other roicrences wiich the colloctor concidera as possibly epplicablo to tho problez.):

a. The Neture of the Postlypotio rzr State  In tho first place, there still seems to be a Ereat doal of coufusiou cbout the actual nature of tlo postiypuctic stato itoalr and about tho scops of iniluonco of thc operator in tho subjoct's rosctions whoo avake... These questions:wore clted by llenry Cuse of Long Island Univorsity, who pointa out that thoy have, placyed imvestigatora for raiy years and have received no clarity in interprotation. lie cces en to cay thot perhaps evan more corlex is the quostion as to hos a subject rosponda to the fact that he is bahavins in a way wich is dirferont fron kis usual beiavicr. (1) He aplains that the "posthypotic

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nct will ofton have in it en aspoct of remrbrance as to tho surecstion civen in the tranco" but le ais, "of couruo, som phiencmnn of a pocuvpnotic nature, sucl as hallucinatory oxerioucc, nar to cccepted by tio subject a boinc of unquostianablo sutbenticity."

b. llynosis ence Antisocial Condluct  Leopito an active conlrovoroy on tho subject, there is rauch evidonce that bpnotio can Lrduce mutisocial Lehaviori (2) In tiis camnctien it should to brought out that ouch ects car bo acçelishcd in tho post bypmotic stato with no appumut kcaledie or fccling on tho rt oftlo subject. Sevral erinonts haro shcn that cuch "subjects hanlled poculigrities in thicir posthytnotic activities by accepting them as canrous aspects or wheir Lehavier. (3) Luch acceptanco"or thie wntisocial act er Liing icht well preclude ats plosical reactionshich would becasurable bytho polyraph.

In earinnts with the brotic and post-hyrnotic protuiction of antisocial bchaior, attarta are often rado by cxparimmtero to broak the induced state of posuliypnotic amcoia soveral dayy after tho oxpcrimoutal antisccial act er ncts have bcen corritted by ths nuibject. The accusations brought cut ia those intorrogations uoually srouco parently rihitcors indignation or diobolicf on tho part of the"qilty" nubjoct. In ono guch exorimat a youns female oubjoct had reon induced undor Lipucsis to steal roney fron the pockat of a otrancer's ccat after muakonln fros her tranco. (l:) Sho vas vau posthpnotio amosia for tho corrco or tho corpulaion. Sho stola the dallar and later Bont it. thon corircstod with the facts ceveral days loter ahe did not belimo then. On the basis of her roactions tho orpcrimenter reported: ao follovsr "ibese coments are incluced to indicato the dirficultics a crosseraniner vould mot in attoptins to iring a confession fras a cririnal hypnotic subjoct. liss A's iener Lctrayed not tho mubtlost ovidencs or cansciousnoss of guilt. I cainot saj, of course, what iit have beun hor roaction to a lic-detoctor or thiard-degree zetbods."

Subeoquently this sabject was again bypnotised and her amosia for tho incident ramved. "liss A vas then asked vlether ahe thouglt she could in hinosis be incuced to corit noro sericua crines-much aa to stoal iportait goverunt papers were sho a ceerntary in basiingtca.. She said, 'Ies, I think so.' She hold to this belier toth.in the tranco anc nersal Gtatos.

e. Training and Tosting .In case posthypnotic copulsion wore utilised is an attopt to circurvent lie cotection, the nocesuarlly coapleto control orer the.posthispnotic behavior of a subject would require a poriod ef intonsive tralning and tcsting. Subjocts very widoly in tho hjpnotizability. In other uords, one porson right ghou little initial resistance to trance induction but tho eperator ricit Iiud that be would show a Ercat doal roro resistanco to illusion crcotion or to ono or more of tho stendandi critoria for mecauuring tho dopth of hyrnosis. (Such criteria ireluda (1) hypnctic enalcesia to painful slimli, (2) mixù olsnctory hallucinations, (3) ae repressión ccntrol, (L) posthymotic amosis, (5) ability to cnry out posthiypnotic woccections end tho rapid induction ef truen throuch an unrolated posthuuotic sigal. (5) As l pointed cut, "To achiovo tho lost rouults, one s utllize the iudivitual ciaractoristies ofeach ssbjoct. (6)Thrcugh patient cmerlnntation with deviguo sucstiane uod to cLrcnrant the points al resistance, very deep

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hypnosls can usually be obtnlned in a willing sutjoct. It slculd Lhe Le possible Lo precict the crfecto uhich tho subjoct's ca peculinr personality aid bypuctizatiiity charactaristics will play in Whe posthpnotic stato. Tho ultinato ccal of the training vould be the crcation of a state of bnotisability whoroby the cpcrater could rapidly induco a poothypnotic stato in which tho subjoct vould have no conocicus koyledge or menary of hia Lucriinatins activitics or ccrnnctiono.

In adkuition to tho alove Foal, it would to aloo poosible to incuco si tho subjoct a facility far mutohymosis. Leclie . locrom er Los Anreles ptatod that it is difricult to bipmotizo onnself at all deoply unloss a post limnoic sucgcsticn hes bermn civen during hetero-incicsd hnosis to the efioct that the persca can thorosftor lopotia ie.".(7)

d. Detection of Fosthypnotio Stato by Folysraph  As far as polyreph detcctian 'of tho post hypnotic stato itselr is concerned, this sccns unlliely in tho licht of the negative and inconclusive resulto af experioents conducted by Irue and Stepbenson which corrolatod oloctroancophalogran, pulso aud plantor reflexes in Iopnosis with ase regresaion and incluced enotional states. (8)

(1). Guse, licry. "Fosthypnotic Behavior and Fergonality," Ferswnality, Vel. l, Ho. 3, o. 1951, po 232.

(2) Estabrooks, O.R.,"To Posoitlo Antisocial Uso of Hnoti," PEScilALITI, Vol. 1, No. 3, ov 1951,p 294-299.

(3) s,   p 236.

(l) Bre man, Nerrarot, "Emperionts in the Hernotic Frobuctien of Antisccial and Selr-Injuricus Fehavior," PsicilLsnii, Fol 3, "o. 1, Fob 42, Pp 90-51.

(5): Iruo, "Robert M. and 'Stephencon, Charles W., "Controlled Experincnts Corrclating Electrococephalogras, Pulse and Planter Rerloes with llypnotic Age Eecression and Induced Encticnal:States,," PESaLIT, Vol l, lo 3, Nov 5l, pace 293.
(6) Brom?, op cit, paco 52

LeCr, Loslie M., Study of the LIOTADLLITY of Bypnotisto," PEESUALI Vol 1, 03, o 51, p 301.

(8) Truo anxd Stephenson, op cit pp 252-262

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