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HISTORY

The.

Division

established in June l965. The creation of this Division, and the simultaneous establishment of the Division was brought about as a result of the growing complexity and rapidly expanding diversity of their parent organization, The: The: existed from 1963 until June 1965. During lexisted from 1963 until June 1965. During this time this group initiated a wide variety of priority research tasks which were representative of life science disciplines ranging fron human psychology and decision theory to biological sub-systems such as microimunology and particle physics. Because of chis exaggerated diversity, it was believed that a division of life science activities into separate but closely coordinated working groups responsible for behavioral activities and for biological activities would be more efficient and productive. Accordingly the

Divisior. was established and tasked with the primary responsibility of carrying out research and development operations in support of intelligence requirements in the behavioral activities area. Behavioral Activities was therefcre established as an Agency Research and Development Sub-element. Under this Sub-element, three Agency R&D Projects were established. Tnese. were (a) Stress Measurement and Interpretation, (b) Behavior: Control, end (c) Huxan Factors.

The initial Division consisted of a Division Chief, four technical officers and one secretary. Professional disciplines represented were: one Medical Doctor, one Ph.D. Physiologist,

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two Ph.P. Psychologists and one Pharmacologist. During the period 1一
e..pril 1968 the Pharuacologist resigned, a Ph.D.
Puysiolo i with a background in pharmacology jointed the Divtsion staff and ore secretary was added bringing the Division complement to seven.

Researzh projects initiated by the and continued by the Division were: polygrap program, stress measurement support, baseline stress measurements, vulnerabilities of special behavioral groups, hypnotic susceptibility and biological effects of .1 With the exception of the polygraph and baseline stress measurement studies, these initial prcjects were subsequently redirected or discontinued. Stress measurement support and biological effects 1 were discontinued, the latter responsib\_lity going to the Department of Defense. The vulnerabilities of special behavioral groups effort was redirected to a study of umdercover agent characteristics, con men, end provocation, elicitation, interrogation techniques while the hypnotic susceptibility wark was redirected to a study of sleep suggestibiiity. Meanwhile the Stress Measurement Project was expanded to include monitoring and the polygraph prugram was enlarged from research contracts. This latter effort was coordinated and directed by a team within"that performed most of the data analysis and that prepared and published reports of polygraph progrem developments. The Behavior Control Project was expanded to include a drug acquisition and screening program, exploratory and developmental work on techniques for improved 1

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assessment of individuals and smali groups, work on zovert provocation and elicitation techniques and new efforts in the area of ethnocultural factors concerned with communication barriers within and. between selected culsural groups, national issues and tribal issues among nomads and other minority groups. The Human Factors Project has developed during the period Jume 1965 to April 1968 to include a coordinated multi-task effort to improve performance in target detection, to improve performance, to improve performance of the Agency trnining system, to analyse and define the role or transfer Pmctions of the human in the intelligence process and to develop means of optimizing his performance with particular emphasis to date on the intelligence analyst and the decision making process, and to identify and exploit factors influencing learning, memory, and fatigue.

Starting in Jume 1965 with a budget of { and a program of projects, in April 1968 the Division had established Jcontracts and .1 cortracts emounting to In spite of the small size of the

during this developmental phase its officer personnel were
successfully monitoring two projects for otherDivisions, serving
as consultants on three Department of Defense commictees, and as
consultants to various Agency components or activities.personnel,
both as a group and as individuals were actively invclved in a
collaborative effori with other Agency components to identify Agency
problems and related requirements. With the Office of and these relationships centered about the polygraph progam and the

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training systems study, both of which were carried forward with the
assistance of outside contractors. With the Office of 7 initiated research to identify problems associated initiated work with to better define problems associated with
essessment of individuals and groups.

As a result of these efforts problems of access and of cooperation between offices based on habits and established practices have been largely overcome. The principal example of progress in this area was the polygraph program jointly undertaken by the This example setting effort, along with the training system survey, has gone a long way toward establishing precedence for future ccoperative efforts between"and other Agency camponents. It is expected that ta current method employed byof establishing procedures for the identification of Agency problems will be the first step toward a definition of the various human roles in the intelligence analysis proce

Immediate plans of the Division include a moderate growth in persomnel and funds to complete the work now under way and to support new work needed in the Stress Measurement, Behavior Control and Human Factors areas. It is also planned to increase the in-house effort with respect to the ongoing anelysis of Agency problems. At the same time it is planned to systematize end adapt special analytical techniques, Bayesian, contextual and others to the Agency's peculiar problems and to implement their use as appropriate.

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Long range plans call for careful analytical studies and preparations for the probable needs of the Agency in the years. to come. if predictors for example indicate that human group behavior is to become increasingly more emotional and violent for the foreseeable future, requirements concerning the struggle for men's minds could change radically. To survive and succeed in a rapidly changing world it may be that the Agency will have to have some means of instant self analysis of any one or more of its various components aud a means of quickly instituting changes as needed.

At this point in time a number of accomplishments may be cited as milestones toward the achievement of established goals:

(a) Polygraph program results have yielded findings with respect to polygraph utility, reliability and validity.

(b) Automatic measurement of polygraph signals was accomplished. The method could be used to assist the examiner.

(e) An improveddesign was developed end demonstrated.

(a) An improved sensor was developed. The improved design has yet to be demonstrated as superior in operation.

(e) An improved sensor is under developuent.
(f) A sensor is under developrent.

(g) The was shown to be a sensitive indicator of stress. (b) The was shown to be a sensitive indicator of "yes" and

"no" answers end hence potentially an indicator of deception.

(i) Three new stress indicstors,

were investigated and

discarded as potential polygraph parameters.

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(j) Signiricant new developments in

monitoring were identified and redirected for Agency application.

(k) Sleep suggestibility as distinct fram hypnotic suggestibility was demonstrated as a phenomenon.

(1) Same characteristics of individuals more successful in resisting /were identified.

(m) Methods that."use to identify susceptible targets were studied and classified.

4 (n) Two first operation health hazard radiometers were developed and deployed to the field.

(o) A dosemetry slide-rule for safe operation of 1 was developed and disseminated to users.

(p) Preliminary design specification were developed for a system to determine critical parameters in "letection of targets.

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