C00021976

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31 JAN 1975

MEHORAIDUM FOR: Office of Inspector General

ATTENTION

SUBJECT :Research and Development for -Intelligence Applicationsof Drugs

1. Attached is a description of the now defunct lprogram for influencing human behavior with drugs. I believe that it contains much of the information you asked for during our conversation of 3l January 1975.

2 As the summary indicates, work with Edgewood Arsenal Research Laboratories (EARL) began in 1967 and ended in 1973. The initial part of the work dealt with the collection of chemical and other descriptive data on a variety of drugs developed in foreign countries. This segment of R&D was not directly related to the other which began in early 197l. The latter work involved testing specific drugs on human subjects. Both parts of this drug research program were terminated in January 1973. Funds transferred for the support of enlarged foreign collection of drug data were withdrawn in January 1973. Final charges to the other half of the program were completed 'by 31 March 1973. At that time about 75% of the originalfunds were expended.

CQ 3. Our files show that in general there is a dirth of hard information on reporting the scientific results on the testing of human subjects. Because of the rapidity with which this prcject was terminated, final reports on some of the testing were probably nut delivered.

4. As far as I' can determine, the work with EARL using human subjects focused on a substance identified as EA3l67. This substance was apparently a glycolate class chemical and was previously developed or icontified as a potential incapacitant by EARL. At the time the work was undertaken, there was some indication that the Soviets were known to be actively working in the glycolate area.

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Research and Development Projects for Intellicence Applications of Drugs

5. The recorás indicate that EARL was selected for this program because of their existing project on foreign drug data collection, because of their exclusive experience with EA3167, and because they had an estab?ished program using human volunteers.

6. The only reference we can find in our files relating to the effects of EA3167 is a report by one of our personnel comenting on an EARL report. This, however, occurred in May l970 prior to our participation in a cooperative program. That commentary describes a test on 19 human subjects divided into three groups, each of which was assiçned a different doseage of EA3167. Regarding the effects of the chemical, it was found that in mcst cases side effects appeared within four hours of injection and varied in duration from four hours to 19 days. The desirable primary effects did not appear until afzer side effects were evident and varied from one hour to 90 hours.

Attachment: Influencing Human Behavior

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ACTIVITY - Drug Research

PROGRAM - To develop ways for predictably influencing human behavior tnrough the use of drugs.

The drug research program began in FY-19o6 with a proposed Behaviora? Pharmacology program. The program objective was to develop an Agency capability to manipulate human behavior in a predictable manner thruugh the use of drugs. Examples of operational situations where use of drugs might help were interrogation situations, penetration of guarded areas, covert action, and paramilitary operations.

A phased program was envisioned that would consist of the acquisition of drugs and chemical compounds having desired behavioral effects, testing and evaluating these materials through primary and secondary procedures and toxicolugical studies. Promising compounds fron tests with animals were to be clinically evaluated with human subjects. It was proposed that when testing with' human subjects was required the tests would be done jointly with the Chemical Research and Development Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal Research Laboratories (EARL), and'the U.S. Army. Substances of potential use, uncovered in testing, were to be further structurally analyzed so that new derivatives with greater utility could be synthesized.

Samples of drugs and chemicals for testing in the program were obtained from drug and pharmaceutical companies, government agencies (EARL, NIH, FDA, and VA), research laboratories, and other researchers; most came from the drug industries where the substance had been rejected because of undesired side effects.

The program was made up of Projects OFTEN and CHICKIIT. Project OFTEN dealt with the testing of behavioral and toxicological effects of drugs in animals and ultimately in humans; Project CHICKWIT, with the acquisition of information and samples of new drug developments in Europe and the Far East.

. A special review panel with members from andwas organized to oversee the research program and to assist in the selection of compounds for testing. Panel meetings were held periodically for progress reports and program'guidance. On several occasions upper managenent including the DCI, the Executive Director/Ccmptro:ler, DDP, and the DD/S&T were briefed on the drug research program.

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INFLUENCING HUMAN BEHAVIOR

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The principal contractor under Project OFTEil was Ine principal contraclor unuer rroject urien was

1 7which received its first contract in FY-1956 (Table 1) and continued under contract until January l973 when tne contract was termi
nated by Girection from the DCI. lestablished and used test
procedures with animals from which the behavioral effects of drugs and-.
chemical compounds in humans could be predicted. As the program
progressed, additional secondary screening procedures were introduced
using nonhuman primates as necessary prerequisites to testing with
humans. employed Dr. 1

1or.

as consultants and Dr.

as a subcontractor, who provided information on new drugs and chemicals and assisted in the screening and testing of selected new drugs and chemicals.

Synthesis of new drugs or derivatives for Project OFTEli was done by (Table 2). Their first work began in mid FY-1971 and was also terminated with the directive from the DCI in January 1973.

Dr. !performed several literature surveys for the program under a personal services: contract (Table 3).

Association with Edgewood Arsenal Research Laboratories started in
FY-1967 with a transfer of Project CHICKWIT funds to EARL to jointly
support the icollection of information on and
samples of new drugs in Europe and the Far East (Table 4). Out of this
association with EARL came information and samples of new drugs obtained
by jand EARL results on the clinical testing and screening of new
drugs and chemical compounds using animals and humans as test subjects.
These data were merged with test data and information from other sourres 7.

Analysis of the Fdgewood file data identified EA3167/as a potential incapacitant. Edgewood Arsenal had partially investigated EAs3167/with animals and found it to be effective in tests with humans the drug had been only administered Our interest in further testing of'EAs3167' arose from its potential threat to U.S. VIP's and other key personnel if, indeed, it could be easily 1

Our joint effort with EARl to test the compound began with the S37.000itransfer in FY-7971 to support additional pharmacological studies and clinical testing with human volunteer subjects (five prisoners from Holmesburg State Priscn, Holmesburg, Pa., and fifteen military volunteers) in the Edgewood procram. The protocol used by Edgewood in enlisting volunteers for the EAs3l67itesting and the safeguards practiced during testing were analogous to those stated in the

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unclassified Report Number VII, ID50 of Agent 926 by Dr. Herbert W. Copélan, Ivy Research Laboratories, Inc., sutmitted in May, l970, to the Medical Research Laboratories, Directorate of Laboratories, Edgewood Arsenal, namely:

"The human subject in this test conducted by this organization are volunteers. here is no coercion cr inducement to volunteer except for in ntive pay utilized as a part of the test procedure and payment for discomfort of blcod testing and screening procedures. Stringent medical safeguards surround every human test."

Although a final report on this effort is not available, we were informed that EA3167' can be effectively administered by -1 pwith after effects lasting up to six weeks.

Agency support to the clinical testing of EA3167 and collection of information on and samples of foreign drug developments was terminated in January 1973. Because of the prolonged after effects of iEA3l67, additional charges to the contract were made after this date for necessary post-test follow-up observations and examinations of the volunteer.

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