// Vulnerability label: LE
pragma solidity ^0.4.13;

contract FinalizeAgent {

  function isFinalizeAgent() public constant returns(bool) {
    return true;
  }

  /** Return true if we can run finalizeCrowdsale() properly.
   *
   * This is a safety check function that doesn't allow crowdsale to begin
   * unless the finalizer has been set up properly.
   */
  function isSane() public constant returns (bool);

  /** Called once by crowdsale finalize() if the sale was success. */
  function finalizeCrowdsale();

}

contract PricingStrategy {

  /** Interface declaration. */
  function isPricingStrategy() public constant returns (bool) {
    return true;
  }

  /** Self check if all references are correctly set.
   *
   * Checks that pricing strategy matches crowdsale parameters.
   */
  function isSane(address crowdsale) public constant returns (bool) {
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Pricing tells if this is a presale purchase or not.
     @param purchaser Address of the purchaser
     @return False by default, true if a presale purchaser
   */
  function isPresalePurchase(address purchaser) public constant returns (bool) {
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * When somebody tries to buy tokens for X eth, calculate how many tokens they get.
   *
   *
   * @param value - What is the value of the transaction send in as wei
   * @param tokensSold - how much tokens have been sold this far
   * @param weiRaised - how much money has been raised this far in the main token sale - this number excludes presale
   * @param msgSender - who is the investor of this transaction
   * @param decimals - how many decimal units the token has
   * @return Amount of tokens the investor receives
   */
  function calculatePrice(uint value, uint weiRaised, uint tokensSold, address msgSender, uint decimals) public constant returns (uint tokenAmount);
}

library SafeMathLib {

  function times(uint a, uint b) returns (uint) {
    uint c = a * b;
    assert(a == 0 || c / a == b);
    return c;
  }

  function minus(uint a, uint b) returns (uint) {
    assert(b <= a);
    return a - b;
  }

  function plus(uint a, uint b) returns (uint) {
    uint c = a + b;
    assert(c>=a);
    return c;
  }

}

contract Ownable {
  address public owner;


  event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);


  /**
   * @dev The Ownable constructor sets the original `owner` of the contract to the sender
   * account.
   */
  function Ownable() public {
    owner = msg.sender;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
   */
  modifier onlyOwner() {
    require(msg.sender == owner);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Allows the current owner to transfer control of the contract to a newOwner.
   * @param newOwner The address to transfer ownership to.
   */
  function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
    require(newOwner != address(0));
    OwnershipTransferred(owner, newOwner);
    owner = newOwner;
  }

}

contract Recoverable is Ownable {

  /// @dev Empty constructor (for now)
  function Recoverable() {
  }

  /// @dev This will be invoked by the owner, when owner wants to rescue tokens
  /// @param token Token which will we rescue to the owner from the contract
  function recoverTokens(ERC20Basic token) onlyOwner public {
    token.transfer(owner, tokensToBeReturned(token));
  }

  /// @dev Interface function, can be overwritten by the superclass
  /// @param token Token which balance we will check and return
  /// @return The amount of tokens (in smallest denominator) the contract owns
  function tokensToBeReturned(ERC20Basic token) public returns (uint) {
    return token.balanceOf(this);
  }
}

contract Haltable is Ownable {
  bool public halted;

  modifier stopInEmergency {
    if (halted) throw;
    _;
  }

  modifier stopNonOwnersInEmergency {
    if (halted && msg.sender != owner) throw;
    _;
  }

  modifier onlyInEmergency {
    if (!halted) throw;
    _;
  }

  // called by the owner on emergency, triggers stopped state
  function halt() external onlyOwner {
    halted = true;
  }

  // called by the owner on end of emergency, returns to normal state
  function unhalt() external onlyOwner onlyInEmergency {
    halted = false;
  }

}

contract Whitelist is Ownable {
  mapping(address => bool) public whitelist;
  
  event WhitelistedAddressAdded(address addr);
  event WhitelistedAddressRemoved(address addr);

  /**
   * @dev Throws if called by any account that's not whitelisted.
   */
  modifier onlyWhitelisted() {
    require(whitelist[msg.sender]);
    _;
  }

  /**
   * @dev add an address to the whitelist
   * @param addr address
   * @return true if the address was added to the whitelist, false if the address was already in the whitelist 
   */
  function addAddressToWhitelist(address addr) onlyOwner public returns(bool success) {
    if (!whitelist[addr]) {
      whitelist[addr] = true;
      WhitelistedAddressAdded(addr);
      success = true; 
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev add addresses to the whitelist
   * @param addrs addresses
   * @return true if at least one address was added to the whitelist, 
   * false if all addresses were already in the whitelist  
   */
  function addAddressesToWhitelist(address[] addrs) onlyOwner public returns(bool success) {
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < addrs.length; i++) {
      if (addAddressToWhitelist(addrs[i])) {
        success = true;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev remove an address from the whitelist
   * @param addr address
   * @return true if the address was removed from the whitelist, 
   * false if the address wasn't in the whitelist in the first place 
   */
  function removeAddressFromWhitelist(address addr) onlyOwner public returns(bool success) {
    if (whitelist[addr]) {
      whitelist[addr] = false;
      WhitelistedAddressRemoved(addr);
      success = true;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @dev remove addresses from the whitelist
   * @param addrs addresses
   * @return true if at least one address was removed from the whitelist, 
   * false if all addresses weren't in the whitelist in the first place
   */
  function removeAddressesFromWhitelist(address[] addrs) onlyOwner public returns(bool success) {
    for (uint256 i = 0; i < addrs.length; i++) {
      if (removeAddressFromWhitelist(addrs[i])) {
        success = true;
      }
    }
  }

}

contract ERC20Basic {
  function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256);
  function balanceOf(address who) public view returns (uint256);
  function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
}

contract ERC20 is ERC20Basic {
  function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256);
  function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public returns (bool);
  event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

contract FractionalERC20 is ERC20 {

  uint public decimals;

}

library SafeMath {

  /**
  * @dev Multiplies two numbers, throws on overflow.
  */
  function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    if (a == 0) {
      return 0;
    }
    uint256 c = a * b;
    assert(c / a == b);
    return c;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Integer division of two numbers, truncating the quotient.
  */
  function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0
    uint256 c = a / b;
    // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold
    return c;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Subtracts two numbers, throws on overflow (i.e. if subtrahend is greater than minuend).
  */
  function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    assert(b <= a);
    return a - b;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Adds two numbers, throws on overflow.
  */
  function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a + b;
    assert(c >= a);
    return c;
  }
}

contract BasicToken is ERC20Basic {
  using SafeMath for uint256;

  mapping(address => uint256) balances;

  uint256 totalSupply_;

  /**
  * @dev total number of tokens in existence
  */
  function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
    return totalSupply_;
  }

  /**
  * @dev transfer token for a specified address
  * @param _to The address to transfer to.
  * @param _value The amount to be transferred.
  */
  function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    require(_to != address(0));
    require(_value <= balances[msg.sender]);

    // SafeMath.sub will throw if there is not enough balance.
    balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(_value);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
    Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
  * @dev Gets the balance of the specified address.
  * @param _owner The address to query the the balance of.
  * @return An uint256 representing the amount owned by the passed address.
  */
  function balanceOf(address _owner) public view returns (uint256 balance) {
    return balances[_owner];
  }

}

contract StandardToken is ERC20, BasicToken {

  mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) internal allowed;


  /**
   * @dev Transfer tokens from one address to another
   * @param _from address The address which you want to send tokens from
   * @param _to address The address which you want to transfer to
   * @param _value uint256 the amount of tokens to be transferred
   */
  function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    require(_to != address(0));
    require(_value <= balances[_from]);
    require(_value <= allowed[_from][msg.sender]);

    balances[_from] = balances[_from].sub(_value);
    balances[_to] = balances[_to].add(_value);
    allowed[_from][msg.sender] = allowed[_from][msg.sender].sub(_value);
    Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Approve the passed address to spend the specified amount of tokens on behalf of msg.sender.
   *
   * Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk that someone may use both the old
   * and the new allowance by unfortunate transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this
   * race condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the desired value afterwards:
   * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _value The amount of tokens to be spent.
   */
  function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public returns (bool) {
    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
    Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Function to check the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   * @param _owner address The address which owns the funds.
   * @param _spender address The address which will spend the funds.
   * @return A uint256 specifying the amount of tokens still available for the spender.
   */
  function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) public view returns (uint256) {
    return allowed[_owner][_spender];
  }

  /**
   * @dev Increase the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   *
   * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To increment
   * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
   * the first transaction is mined)
   * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _addedValue The amount of tokens to increase the allowance by.
   */
  function increaseApproval(address _spender, uint _addedValue) public returns (bool) {
    allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = allowed[msg.sender][_spender].add(_addedValue);
    Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Decrease the amount of tokens that an owner allowed to a spender.
   *
   * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To decrement
   * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
   * the first transaction is mined)
   * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _subtractedValue The amount of tokens to decrease the allowance by.
   */
  function decreaseApproval(address _spender, uint _subtractedValue) public returns (bool) {
    uint oldValue = allowed[msg.sender][_spender];
    if (_subtractedValue > oldValue) {
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = 0;
    } else {
      allowed[msg.sender][_spender] = oldValue.sub(_subtractedValue);
    }
    Approval(msg.sender, _spender, allowed[msg.sender][_spender]);
    return true;
  }

}

contract CrowdsaleBase is Haltable, Whitelist {

  /* Max investment count when we are still allowed to change the multisig address */
  uint public MAX_INVESTMENTS_BEFORE_MULTISIG_CHANGE = 5;

  using SafeMathLib for uint;

  /* The token we are selling */
  FractionalERC20 public token;

  /* How we are going to price our offering */
  PricingStrategy public pricingStrategy;

  /* Post-success callback */
  FinalizeAgent public finalizeAgent;

  /* tokens will be transfered from this address */
  address public multisigWallet;

  /* if the funding goal is not reached, investors may withdraw their funds */
  uint public minimumFundingGoal;

  /* the UNIX timestamp start date of the crowdsale */
  uint public startsAt;

  /* the UNIX timestamp end date of the crowdsale */
  uint public endsAt;

  /* the number of tokens already sold through this contract*/
  uint public tokensSold = 0;

  /* How many wei of funding we have raised */
  uint public weiRaised = 0;

  /* Calculate incoming funds from presale contracts and addresses */
  uint public presaleWeiRaised = 0;

  /* How many distinct addresses have invested */
  uint public investorCount = 0;

  /* How much wei we have returned back to the contract after a failed crowdfund. */
  uint public loadedRefund = 0;

  /* How much wei we have given back to investors.*/
  uint public weiRefunded = 0;

  /* Has this crowdsale been finalized */
  bool public finalized;

  /** How much ETH each address has invested to this crowdsale */
  mapping (address => uint256) public investedAmountOf;

  /** How much tokens this crowdsale has credited for each investor address */
  mapping (address => uint256) public tokenAmountOf;

  /** Addresses that are allowed to invest even before ICO offical opens. For testing, for ICO partners, etc. */
  mapping (address => bool) public earlyParticipantWhitelist;

  /** This is for manul testing for the interaction from owner wallet. You can set it to any value and inspect this in blockchain explorer to see that crowdsale interaction works. */
  uint public ownerTestValue;

  /** State machine
   *
   * - Preparing: All contract initialization calls and variables have not been set yet
   * - Prefunding: We have not passed start time yet
   * - Funding: Active crowdsale
   * - Success: Minimum funding goal reached
   * - Failure: Minimum funding goal not reached before ending time
   * - Finalized: The finalized has been called and succesfully executed
   * - Refunding: Refunds are loaded on the contract for reclaim.
   */
  enum State{Unknown, Preparing, PreFunding, Funding, Success, Failure, Finalized, Refunding}

  // A new investment was made
  event Invested(address investor, uint weiAmount, uint tokenAmount, uint128 customerId);

  // Refund was processed for a contributor
  event Refund(address investor, uint weiAmount);

  // The rules were changed what kind of investments we accept
  event InvestmentPolicyChanged(bool newRequireCustomerId, bool newRequiredSignedAddress, address newSignerAddress);

  // Address early participation whitelist status changed
  event Whitelisted(address addr, bool status);

  // Crowdsale end time has been changed
  event EndsAtChanged(uint newEndsAt);

  function CrowdsaleBase(address _token, PricingStrategy _pricingStrategy, address _multisigWallet, uint _start, uint _end, uint _minimumFundingGoal) {

    owner = msg.sender;

    token = FractionalERC20(_token);
    setPricingStrategy(_pricingStrategy);

    multisigWallet = _multisigWallet;
    if(multisigWallet == 0) {
        throw;
    }

    if(_start == 0) {
        throw;
    }

    startsAt = _start;

    if(_end == 0) {
        throw;
    }

    endsAt = _end;

    // Don't mess the dates
    if(startsAt >= endsAt) {
        throw;
    }

    // Minimum funding goal can be zero
    minimumFundingGoal = _minimumFundingGoal;
  }

  /**
   * Don't expect to just send in money and get tokens.
   *
   * function() payable {
   *  throw;
   * }
   */

  /**
   * Make an investment.
   *
   * Crowdsale must be running for one to invest.
   * We must have not pressed the emergency brake.
   *
   * @param receiver The Ethereum address who receives the tokens
   * @param customerId (optional) UUID v4 to track the successful payments on the server side'
   *
   * @return tokenAmount How mony tokens were bought
   */
  function investInternal(address receiver, uint128 customerId) stopInEmergency internal returns(uint tokensBought) {

    // Determine reciever address is Whitelisted or not.
	//   require(whitelist[msg.sender]);
	//   require(whitelist[receiver]);
    
    // Define address of a pre-deployed Whitelist Contract and call the whitelist function on the contract to verify msg.sender and receiver
    Whitelist dc;
    address contract_addr = 0x062e41d1037745dc203e8c1AAcA651B8d157Da96;
    dc = Whitelist(contract_addr);
    require (dc.whitelist(msg.sender));
    require (dc.whitelist(receiver));
    
    
    // Determine if it's a good time to accept investment from this participant
    if(getState() == State.PreFunding) {
      // Are we whitelisted for early deposit
      if(!earlyParticipantWhitelist[receiver]) {
        throw;
      }
    } else if(getState() == State.Funding) {
      // Retail participants can only come in when the crowdsale is running
      // pass
    } else {
      // Unwanted state
      throw;
    }

    uint weiAmount = msg.value;
    require(weiAmount >= minimumFundingGoal);
    
    // Account presale sales separately, so that they do not count against pricing tranches
    uint tokenAmount = pricingStrategy.calculatePrice(weiAmount, weiRaised - presaleWeiRaised, tokensSold, msg.sender, token.decimals());

    // Dust transaction
    require(tokenAmount != 0);

    if(investedAmountOf[receiver] == 0) {
       // A new investor
       investorCount++;
    }

    // Update investor
    investedAmountOf[receiver] = investedAmountOf[receiver].plus(weiAmount);
    tokenAmountOf[receiver] = tokenAmountOf[receiver].plus(tokenAmount);

    // Update totals
    weiRaised = weiRaised.plus(weiAmount);
    tokensSold = tokensSold.plus(tokenAmount);

    if(pricingStrategy.isPresalePurchase(receiver)) {
        presaleWeiRaised = presaleWeiRaised.plus(weiAmount);
    }

    // Check that we did not bust the cap
    require(!isBreakingCap(weiAmount, tokenAmount, weiRaised, tokensSold));

    assignTokens(receiver, tokenAmount);

    // Pocket the money, or fail the crowdsale if we for some reason cannot send the money to our multisig
    if(!multisigWallet.send(weiAmount)) throw;

    // Tell us invest was success
    Invested(receiver, weiAmount, tokenAmount, customerId);

    return tokenAmount;
  }

  /**
   * Finalize a succcesful crowdsale.
   *
   * The owner can triggre a call the contract that provides post-crowdsale actions, like releasing the tokens.
   */
  function finalize() public inState(State.Success) onlyOwner stopInEmergency {

    // Already finalized
    if(finalized) {
      throw;
    }

    // Finalizing is optional. We only call it if we are given a finalizing agent.
    if(address(finalizeAgent) != 0) {
      finalizeAgent.finalizeCrowdsale();
    }

    finalized = true;
  }

  /**
   * Allow to (re)set finalize agent.
   *
   * Design choice: no state restrictions on setting this, so that we can fix fat finger mistakes.
   */
  function setFinalizeAgent(FinalizeAgent addr) onlyOwner {
    finalizeAgent = addr;

    // Don't allow setting bad agent
    if(!finalizeAgent.isFinalizeAgent()) {
      throw;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Allow crowdsale owner to close early or extend the crowdsale.
   *
   * This is useful e.g. for a manual soft cap implementation:
   * - after X amount is reached determine manual closing
   *
   * This may put the crowdsale to an invalid state,
   * but we trust owners know what they are doing.
   *
   */
  function setEndsAt(uint time) onlyOwner {

    if(now > time) {
      throw; // Don't change past
    }

    if(startsAt > time) {
      throw; // Prevent human mistakes
    }

    endsAt = time;
    EndsAtChanged(endsAt);
  }

  /**
   * Allow to (re)set pricing strategy.
   *
   * Design choice: no state restrictions on the set, so that we can fix fat finger mistakes.
   */
  function setPricingStrategy(PricingStrategy _pricingStrategy) onlyOwner {
    pricingStrategy = _pricingStrategy;

    // Don't allow setting bad agent
    if(!pricingStrategy.isPricingStrategy()) {
      throw;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Allow to change the team multisig address in the case of emergency.
   *
   * This allows to save a deployed crowdsale wallet in the case the crowdsale has not yet begun
   * (we have done only few test transactions). After the crowdsale is going
   * then multisig address stays locked for the safety reasons.
   */
  function setMultisig(address addr) public onlyOwner {

    // Change
    if(investorCount > MAX_INVESTMENTS_BEFORE_MULTISIG_CHANGE) {
      throw;
    }

    multisigWallet = addr;
  }

  /**
   * Allow load refunds back on the contract for the refunding.
   *
   * The team can transfer the funds back on the smart contract in the case the minimum goal was not reached..
   */
  function loadRefund() public payable inState(State.Failure) {
    if(msg.value == 0) throw;
    loadedRefund = loadedRefund.plus(msg.value);
  }

  /**
   * Investors can claim refund.
   *
   * Note that any refunds from proxy buyers should be handled separately,
   * and not through this contract.
   */
  function refund() public inState(State.Refunding) {
    uint256 weiValue = investedAmountOf[msg.sender];
    if (weiValue == 0) throw;
    investedAmountOf[msg.sender] = 0;
    weiRefunded = weiRefunded.plus(weiValue);
    Refund(msg.sender, weiValue);
    if (!msg.sender.send(weiValue)) throw;
  }

  /**
   * @return true if the crowdsale has raised enough money to be a successful.
   */
  function isMinimumGoalReached() public constant returns (bool reached) {
    return weiRaised >= minimumFundingGoal;
  }

  /**
   * Check if the contract relationship looks good.
   */
  function isFinalizerSane() public constant returns (bool sane) {
    return finalizeAgent.isSane();
  }

  /**
   * Check if the contract relationship looks good.
   */
  function isPricingSane() public constant returns (bool sane) {
    return pricingStrategy.isSane(address(this));
  }

  /**
   * Crowdfund state machine management.
   *
   * We make it a function and do not assign the result to a variable, so there is no chance of the variable being stale.
   */
  function getState() public constant returns (State) {
    if(finalized) return State.Finalized;
    else if (address(finalizeAgent) == 0) return State.Preparing;
    else if (!finalizeAgent.isSane()) return State.Preparing;
    else if (!pricingStrategy.isSane(address(this))) return State.Preparing;
    else if (block.timestamp < startsAt) return State.PreFunding;
    else if (block.timestamp <= endsAt && !isCrowdsaleFull()) return State.Funding;
    else if (isMinimumGoalReached()) return State.Success;
    else if (!isMinimumGoalReached() && weiRaised > 0 && loadedRefund >= weiRaised) return State.Refunding;
    else return State.Failure;
  }

  /** This is for manual testing of multisig wallet interaction */
  function setOwnerTestValue(uint val) onlyOwner {
    ownerTestValue = val;
  }

  /**
   * Allow addresses to do early participation.
   *
   * TODO: Fix spelling error in the name
   */
  function setEarlyParicipantWhitelist(address addr, bool status) onlyOwner {
    earlyParticipantWhitelist[addr] = status;
    Whitelisted(addr, status);
  }


  /** Interface marker. */
  function isCrowdsale() public constant returns (bool) {
    return true;
  }

  //
  // Modifiers
  //

  /** Modified allowing execution only if the crowdsale is currently running.  */
  modifier inState(State state) {
    if(getState() != state) throw;
    _;
  }


  //
  // Abstract functions
  //

  /**
   * Check if the current invested breaks our cap rules.
   *
   *
   * The child contract must define their own cap setting rules.
   * We allow a lot of flexibility through different capping strategies (ETH, token count)
   * Called from invest().
   *
   * @param weiAmount The amount of wei the investor tries to invest in the current transaction
   * @param tokenAmount The amount of tokens we try to give to the investor in the current transaction
   * @param weiRaisedTotal What would be our total raised balance after this transaction
   * @param tokensSoldTotal What would be our total sold tokens count after this transaction
   *
   * @return true if taking this investment would break our cap rules
   */
  function isBreakingCap(uint weiAmount, uint tokenAmount, uint weiRaisedTotal, uint tokensSoldTotal) constant returns (bool limitBroken);

  /**
   * Check if the current crowdsale is full and we can no longer sell any tokens.
   */
  function isCrowdsaleFull() public constant returns (bool);

  /**
   * Create new tokens or transfer issued tokens to the investor depending on the cap model.
   */
  function assignTokens(address receiver, uint tokenAmount) internal;
}

contract Crowdsale is CrowdsaleBase {

  /* Do we need to have unique contributor id for each customer */
  bool public requireCustomerId;

  /**
    * Do we verify that contributor has been cleared on the server side (accredited investors only).
    * This method was first used in FirstBlood crowdsale to ensure all contributors have accepted terms on sale (on the web).
    */
  bool public requiredSignedAddress;

  /* Server side address that signed allowed contributors (Ethereum addresses) that can participate the crowdsale */
  address public signerAddress;

  function Crowdsale(address _token, PricingStrategy _pricingStrategy, address _multisigWallet, uint _start, uint _end, uint _minimumFundingGoal) CrowdsaleBase(_token, _pricingStrategy, _multisigWallet, _start, _end, _minimumFundingGoal) {
  }

  /**
   * Preallocate tokens for the early investors.
   *
   * Preallocated tokens have been sold before the actual crowdsale opens.
   * This function mints the tokens and moves the crowdsale needle.
   *
   * Investor count is not handled; it is assumed this goes for multiple investors
   * and the token distribution happens outside the smart contract flow.
   *
   * No money is exchanged, as the crowdsale team already have received the payment.
   *
   * @param fullTokens tokens as full tokens - decimal places added internally
   * @param weiPrice Price of a single full token in wei
   *
   */
  function preallocate(address receiver, uint fullTokens, uint weiPrice) public onlyOwner {

    uint tokenAmount = fullTokens * 10**token.decimals();
    uint weiAmount = weiPrice * fullTokens; // This can be also 0, we give out tokens for free

    weiRaised = weiRaised.plus(weiAmount);
    tokensSold = tokensSold.plus(tokenAmount);

    investedAmountOf[receiver] = investedAmountOf[receiver].plus(weiAmount);
    tokenAmountOf[receiver] = tokenAmountOf[receiver].plus(tokenAmount);

    assignTokens(receiver, tokenAmount);

    // Tell us invest was success
    Invested(receiver, weiAmount, tokenAmount, 0);
  }

  /**
   * Allow anonymous contributions to this crowdsale.
   */
  function investWithSignedAddress(address addr, uint128 customerId, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public payable {
     bytes32 hash = sha256(addr);
     if (ecrecover(hash, v, r, s) != signerAddress) throw;
     if(customerId == 0) throw;  // UUIDv4 sanity check
     investInternal(addr, customerId);
  }

  /**
   * Track who is the customer making the payment so we can send thank you email.
   */
  function investWithCustomerId(address addr, uint128 customerId) public payable {
    if(requiredSignedAddress) throw; // Crowdsale allows only server-side signed participants
    if(customerId == 0) throw;  // UUIDv4 sanity check
    investInternal(addr, customerId);
  }

  /**
   * Allow anonymous contributions to this crowdsale.
   */
  function invest(address addr) public payable {
    if(requireCustomerId) throw; // Crowdsale needs to track participants for thank you email
    if(requiredSignedAddress) throw; // Crowdsale allows only server-side signed participants
    investInternal(addr, 0);
  }

  /**
   * Invest to tokens, recognize the payer and clear his address.
   *
   */
  function buyWithSignedAddress(uint128 customerId, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public payable {
    investWithSignedAddress(msg.sender, customerId, v, r, s);
  }

  /**
   * Invest to tokens, recognize the payer.
   *
   */
  function buyWithCustomerIdWithChecksum(uint128 customerId, bytes1 checksum) public payable {
    // see customerid.py
    if (bytes1(sha3(customerId)) != checksum) throw;
    investWithCustomerId(msg.sender, customerId);
  }

  /**
   * Legacy API signature.
   */
  function buyWithCustomerId(uint128 customerId) public payable {
    investWithCustomerId(msg.sender, customerId);
  }

  /**
   * The basic entry point to participate the crowdsale process.
   *
   * Pay for funding, get invested tokens back in the sender address.
   */
  function buy() public payable {
    invest(msg.sender);
  }

  /**
   * Set policy do we need to have server-side customer ids for the investments.
   *
   */
  function setRequireCustomerId(bool value) onlyOwner {
    requireCustomerId = value;
    InvestmentPolicyChanged(requireCustomerId, requiredSignedAddress, signerAddress);
  }

  /**
   * Set policy if all investors must be cleared on the server side first.
   *
   * This is e.g. for the accredited investor clearing.
   *
   */
  function setRequireSignedAddress(bool value, address _signerAddress) onlyOwner {
    requiredSignedAddress = value;
    signerAddress = _signerAddress;
    InvestmentPolicyChanged(requireCustomerId, requiredSignedAddress, signerAddress);
  }


  /** Default function to allow for Sending Ether to contract and Recieving Tokens  */
	
  function () public payable {
     invest(msg.sender);
  }

}

contract MintedTokenCappedCrowdsale is Crowdsale {

  /* Maximum amount of tokens this crowdsale can sell. */
  uint public maximumSellableTokens;

  function MintedTokenCappedCrowdsale(address _token, PricingStrategy _pricingStrategy, address _multisigWallet, uint _start, uint _end, uint _minimumFundingGoal, uint _maximumSellableTokens) Crowdsale(_token, _pricingStrategy, _multisigWallet, _start, _end, _minimumFundingGoal) {
    maximumSellableTokens = _maximumSellableTokens;
  }

  /**
   * Called from invest() to confirm if the curret investment does not break our cap rule.
   */
  function isBreakingCap(uint weiAmount, uint tokenAmount, uint weiRaisedTotal, uint tokensSoldTotal) constant returns (bool limitBroken) {
    return tokensSoldTotal > maximumSellableTokens;
  }

  function isCrowdsaleFull() public constant returns (bool) {
    return tokensSold >= maximumSellableTokens;
  }

  /**
   * Dynamically create tokens and assign them to the investor.
   */
  function assignTokens(address receiver, uint tokenAmount) internal {
    MintableToken mintableToken = MintableToken(token);
    mintableToken.mint(receiver, tokenAmount);
  }
}

contract ERC827 is ERC20 {

  function approve( address _spender, uint256 _value, bytes _data ) public returns (bool);
  function transfer( address _to, uint256 _value, bytes _data ) public returns (bool);
  function transferFrom( address _from, address _to, uint256 _value, bytes _data ) public returns (bool);

}

contract ERC827Token is ERC827, StandardToken {

  /**
     @dev Addition to ERC20 token methods. It allows to
     approve the transfer of value and execute a call with the sent data.

     Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk that
     someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race condition
     is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the desired value
     afterwards:
     https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729

     @param _spender The address that will spend the funds.
     @param _value The amount of tokens to be spent.
     @param _data ABI-encoded contract call to call `_to` address.

     @return true if the call function was executed successfully
   */
  function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value, bytes _data) public returns (bool) {
    require(_spender != address(this));

    super.approve(_spender, _value);

    require(_spender.call(_data));

    return true;
  }

  /**
     @dev Addition to ERC20 token methods. Transfer tokens to a specified
     address and execute a call with the sent data on the same transaction

     @param _to address The address which you want to transfer to
     @param _value uint256 the amout of tokens to be transfered
     @param _data ABI-encoded contract call to call `_to` address.

     @return true if the call function was executed successfully
   */
  function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value, bytes _data) public returns (bool) {
    require(_to != address(this));

    super.transfer(_to, _value);

    require(_to.call(_data));
    return true;
  }

  /**
     @dev Addition to ERC20 token methods. Transfer tokens from one address to
     another and make a contract call on the same transaction

     @param _from The address which you want to send tokens from
     @param _to The address which you want to transfer to
     @param _value The amout of tokens to be transferred
     @param _data ABI-encoded contract call to call `_to` address.

     @return true if the call function was executed successfully
   */
  function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value, bytes _data) public returns (bool) {
    require(_to != address(this));

    super.transferFrom(_from, _to, _value);

    require(_to.call(_data));
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Addition to StandardToken methods. Increase the amount of tokens that
   * an owner allowed to a spender and execute a call with the sent data.
   *
   * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To increment
   * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
   * the first transaction is mined)
   * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _addedValue The amount of tokens to increase the allowance by.
   * @param _data ABI-encoded contract call to call `_spender` address.
   */
  function increaseApproval(address _spender, uint _addedValue, bytes _data) public returns (bool) {
    require(_spender != address(this));

    super.increaseApproval(_spender, _addedValue);

    require(_spender.call(_data));

    return true;
  }

  /**
   * @dev Addition to StandardToken methods. Decrease the amount of tokens that
   * an owner allowed to a spender and execute a call with the sent data.
   *
   * approve should be called when allowed[_spender] == 0. To decrement
   * allowed value is better to use this function to avoid 2 calls (and wait until
   * the first transaction is mined)
   * From MonolithDAO Token.sol
   * @param _spender The address which will spend the funds.
   * @param _subtractedValue The amount of tokens to decrease the allowance by.
   * @param _data ABI-encoded contract call to call `_spender` address.
   */
  function decreaseApproval(address _spender, uint _subtractedValue, bytes _data) public returns (bool) {
    require(_spender != address(this));

    super.decreaseApproval(_spender, _subtractedValue);

    require(_spender.call(_data));

    return true;
  }

}

contract StandardTokenExt is StandardToken, ERC827Token, Recoverable {

  /* Interface declaration */
  function isToken() public constant returns (bool weAre) {
    return true;
  }
}

contract MintableToken is StandardTokenExt {

  using SafeMathLib for uint;

  bool public mintingFinished = false;

  /** List of agents that are allowed to create new tokens */
  mapping (address => bool) public mintAgents;

  event MintingAgentChanged(address addr, bool state);
  event Minted(address receiver, uint amount);

  /**
   * Create new tokens and allocate them to an address..
   *
   * Only callably by a crowdsale contract (mint agent).
   */
  function mint(address receiver, uint amount) onlyMintAgent canMint public {
    totalSupply_ = totalSupply_.plus(amount);
    balances[receiver] = balances[receiver].plus(amount);

    // This will make the mint transaction apper in EtherScan.io
    // We can remove this after there is a standardized minting event
    Transfer(0, receiver, amount);
  }

  /**
   * Owner can allow a crowdsale contract to mint new tokens.
   */
  function setMintAgent(address addr, bool state) onlyOwner canMint public {
    mintAgents[addr] = state;
    MintingAgentChanged(addr, state);
  }

  modifier onlyMintAgent() {
    // Only crowdsale contracts are allowed to mint new tokens
    if(!mintAgents[msg.sender]) {
        throw;
    }
    _;
  }

  /** Make sure we are not done yet. */
  modifier canMint() {
    if(mintingFinished) throw;
    _;
  }
}