TheVixhal/Indian_Constitution huggingface dataset:
Article 312A. power of parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services: (1) parliament may by law —

 

(a) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of services as respects remuneration, leave and pension and the rights as respects disciplinary matters of persons who, having been appointed by the secretary of state or secretary of state in council to a civil service of the crown in india before the commencement of this constitution, continue on and after the commencement of the constitution (twenty-eighth amendment) act, 1972, to serve under the government of india or of a state in any service or post;

 

(b) vary or revoke, whether prospectively or retrospectively, the conditions of service as respects pension of persons who, having been appointed by the secretary of state or secretary of state in council to a civil service of the crown in india before the commencement of this constitution, retired or otherwise ceased to be in service at any time before the commencement of the constitution (twentyeighth amendment) act, 1972:

 

   provided that in the case of any such person who is holding or has held the office of the chief justice or other judge of the supreme court or a high court, the comptroller and auditor-general of india, the chairman or other member of the union or a state public service commission or the chief election commissioner, nothing in sub-clause (a) or sub-clause (b) shall be construed as empowering parliament to vary or revoke, after his appointment to such post, the conditions of his service to his disadvantage except in so far as such conditions of service are applicable to him by reason of his being a person appointed by the secretary of state or secretary of state in council to a civil service of the crown in india.

 

(2) except to the extent provided for by parliament by law under this article, nothing in this article shall affect the power of any legislature or other authority under any other provision of this constitution to regulate the conditions of service of persons referred to in clause (1).

 

(3) neither the supreme court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in —

 

(a) any dispute arising out of any provision of, or any endorsement on, any covenant, agreement or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed by any person referred to in clause (1), or arising out of any letter issued to such person, in relation to his appointment to any civil service of the crown in india or his continuance in service under the government of the dominion of india or a province thereof;

 

(b) any dispute in respect of any right, liability or obligation under article 314 as originally enacted.

 

(4) the provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in article 314 as originally enacted or in any other provision of this constitution.
Article 313. transitional provisions: until other provision is made in this behalf under this constitution, all the laws in force immediately before the commencement of this constitution and applicable to any public service or any post which continues to exist after the commencement of this constitution, as an allindia service or as service or post under the union or a state shall continue in force so far as consistent with the provisions of this constitution.
Article 315. public service commissions for the union and for the states: (1) subject to the provisions of this article, there shall be a public service commission for the union and a public service commission for each state.

 

(2) two or more states may agree that there shall be one public service commission for that group of states, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the house or, where there are two houses, by each house of the legislature of each of those states, parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a joint state public service commission (referred to in this chapter as joint commission) to serve the needs of those states.

 

(3) any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.

 

(4) the public service commission for the union, if requested so to do by the governor of a state, may, with the approval of the president, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the state.

 

(5) references in this constitution to the union public service commission or a state public service commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the commission serving the needs of the union or, as the case may be, the state as respects the particular matter in question.
Article 316. appointment and term of office of members: (1) the chairman and other members of a public service commission shall be appointed, in the case of the union commission or a joint commission, by the president, and in the case of a state commission, by the governor of the state:

 

    provided that as nearly as may be one-half of the members of every public service commission shall be persons who at the dates of their respective appointments have held office for at least ten years either under the government of india or under the government of a state, and in computing the said period of ten years any period before the commencement of this constitution during which a person has held office under the crown in india or under the government of an indian state shall be included.

 

(1a) if the office of the chairman of the commission becomes vacant or if any such chairman is by reason of absence or for any other reason unable to perform the duties of his office, those duties shall, until some person appointed under clause (1) to the vacant office has entered on the duties thereof or, as the case may be, until the chairman has resumed his duties, be performed by such one of the other members of the commission as the president, in the case of the union commission or a joint commission, and the governor of the state in the case of a state commission, may appoint for the purpose.

 

(2) a member of a public service commission shall hold office for a term of six years from the date on which he enters upon his office or until he attains, in the case of the union commission, the age of sixty-five years, and in the case of a state commission or a joint commission, the age of sixty-two years, whichever is earlier:

 

   provided that —

 

(a) a member of a public service commission may, by writing under his hand addressed, in the case of the union commission or a joint commission, to the president, and in the case of a state commission, to the governor of the state, resign his office;

 

(b) a member of a public service commission may be removed from his office in the manner provided in clause (1) or clause (3) of article 317.

 

(3) a person who holds office as a member of a public service commission shall, on the expiration of his term of office, be ineligible for re-appointment to that office.
Article 317. removal and suspension of a member of a public service commission: (1) subject to the provisions of clause (3), the chairman or any other member of a public service commission shall only be removed from his office by order of the president on the ground of misbehaviour after the supreme court, on reference being made to it by the president, has, on inquiry held in accordance with the procedure prescribed in that behalf under article 145, reported that the chairman or such other member, as the case may be, ought on any such ground to be removed.

 

(2) the president, in the case of the union commission or a joint commission, and the governor in the case of a state commission, may suspend from office the chairman or any other member of the commission in respect of whom a reference has been made to the supreme court under clause (1) until the president has passed orders on receipt of the report of the supreme court on such reference.

 

(3) notwithstanding anything in clause (1), the president may by order remove from office the chairman or any other member of a public service commission if the chairman or such other member, as the case may be, —

 

(a) is adjudged an insolvent; or

 

(b) engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office; or

 

(c) is, in the opinion of the president, unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.

 

(4) if the chairman or any other member of a public service commission is or becomes in any way concerned or interested in any contract or agreement made by or on behalf of the government of india or the government of a state or participates in any way in the profit thereof or in any benefit or emolument arising therefrom otherwise than as a member and in common with the other members of an incorporated company, he shall, for the purposes of clause (1), be deemed to be guilty of misbehaviour.
Article 318. power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the commission: in the case of the union commission or a joint commission, the president and, in the case of a state commission, the governor of the state may by regulations —

 

(a) determine the number of members of the commission and their conditions of service; and

 

(b) make provision with respect to the number of members of the staff of the commission and their conditions of service:

 

   provided that the conditions of service of a member of a public service commission shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.
Article 319. prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of commission on ceasing to be such members: on ceasing to hold office —

 

(a) the chairman of the union public service commission shall be ineligible for further employment either under the government of india or under the government of a state;

 

(b) the chairman of a state public service commission shall be eligible for appointment as the chairman or any other member of the union public service commission or as the chairman of any other state public service commission, but not for any other employment either under the government of india or under the government of a state;

 

(c) a member other than the chairman of the union public service commission shall be eligible for appointment as the chairman of the union public service commission, or as the chairman of a state public service commission, but not for any other employment either under the government of india or under the government of a state;

 

(d) a member other than the chairman of a state public service commission shall be eligible for appointment as the chairman or any other member of the union public service commission or as the chairman of that or any other state public service commission, but not for any other employment either under the government of india or under the government of a state.
Article 321. power to extend functions of public service commissions: an act made by parliament or, as the case may be, the legislature of a state may provide for the exercise of additional functions by the union public service commission or the state public service commission as respects the services of the union or the state and also as respects the services of any local authority or other body corporate constituted by law or of any public institution.
Article 322. expenses of public service commissions: the expenses of the union or a state public service commission, including any salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of the members or staff of the commission, shall be charged on the consolidated fund of india or, as the case may be, the consolidated fund of the state.
Article 323. reports of public service commissions: (1) it shall be the duty of the union commission to present annually to the president a report as to the work done by the commission and on receipt of such report the president shall cause a copy thereof together with a memorandum explaining, as respects the cases, if any, where the advice of the commission was not accepted, the reasons for such non-acceptance to be laid before each house of parliament.

 

(2) it shall be the duty of a state commission to present annually to the governor of the state a report as to the work done by the commission, and it shall be the duty of a joint commission to present annually to the governor of each of the states the needs of which are served by the joint commission a report as to the work done by the commission in relation to that state, and in either case the governor, shall, on receipt of such report, cause a copy thereof together with a memorandum explaining, as respects the cases, if any, where the advice of the commission was not accepted, the reasons for such non-acceptance to be laid before the legislature of the state.
Article 323A. administrative tribunals: (1) parliament may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by administrative tribunals of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the union or of any state or of any local or other authority within the territory of india or under the control of the government of india or of any corporation owned or controlled by the government.

 

(2) a law made under clause (1) may —

 

(a) provide for the establishment of an administrative tribunal for the union and a separate administrative tribunal for each state or for two or more states;

 

(b) specify the jurisdiction, powers (including the power to punish for contempt) and authority which may be exercised by each of the said tribunals;

 

(c) provide for the procedure (including provisions as to limitation and rules of evidence) to be followed by the said tribunals;

 

(d) exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the supreme court under article 136, with respect to the disputes or complaints referred to in clause (1);

 

(e) provide for the transfer to each such administrative tribunal of any cases pending before any court or other authority immediately before the establishment of such tribunal as would have been within the jurisdiction of such tribunal if the causes of action on which such suits or proceedings are based had arisen after such establishment;

 

(f) repeal or amend any order made by the president under clause (3) of article 371d;

 

(g) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions as to fees) as parliament may deem necessary for the effective functioning of, and for the speedy disposal of cases by, and the enforcement of the orders of, such tribunals.

 

(3) the provisions of this article shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this constitution or in any other law for the time being in force.
Article 324. superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an election commission: (1) the superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to parliament and to the legislature of every state and of elections to the offices of president and vice-president held under this constitution shall be vested in a commission (referred to in this constitution as the election commission).

 

(2) the election commission shall consist of the chief election commissioner and such number of other election commissioners, if any, as the president may from time to time fix and the appointment of the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners shall, subject to the provisions of any law made in that behalf by parliament, be made by the president.

 

(3) when any other election commissioner is so appointed the chief election commissioner shall act as the chairman of the election commission.

 

(4) before each general election to the house of the people and to the legislative assembly of each state, and before the first general election and thereafter before each biennial election to the legislative council of each state having such council, the president may also appoint after consultation with the election commission such regional commissioners as he may consider necessary to assist the election commission in the performance of the functions conferred on the commission by clause (1).

 

(5) subject to the provisions of any law made by parliament, the conditions of service and tenure of office of the election commissioners and the regional commissioners shall be such as the president may by rule determine: 

 

   provided that the chief election commissioner shall not be removed from his office except in like manner and on the like grounds as a judge of the supreme court and the conditions of service of the chief election commissioner shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment:

 

   provided further that any other election commissioner or a regional commissioner shall not be removed from office except on the recommendation of the chief election commissioner.

 

(6) the president, or the governor of a state, shall, when so requested by the election commission, make available to the election commission or to a regional commissioner such staff as may be necessary for the discharge of the functions conferred on the election commission by clause (1).
Article 325. no person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex: there shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either house of parliament or to the house or either house of the legislature of a state and no person shall be ineligible for inclusion in any such roll or claim to be included in any special electoral roll for any such constituency on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them.
Article 326. elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage: the elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assembly of every state shall be on the basis of adult suffrage; that is to say, every person who is a citizen of india and who is not less than  [eighteen years] of age on such date as may be fixed in that behalf by or under any law made by the appropriate legislature and is not otherwise disqualified under this constitution or any law made by the appropriate legislature on the ground of non-residence, unsoundness of mind, crime or corrupt or illegal practice, shall be entitled to be registered as a voter at any such election.
Article 327. power of parliament to make provision with respect to elections to legislatures: subject to the provisions of this constitution, parliament may from time to time by law make provision with respect to all matters relating to, or in connection with, elections to either house of parliament or to the house or either house of the legislature of a state including the preparation of electoral rolls, the delimitation of constituencies and all other matters necessary for securing the due constitution of such house or houses.
Article 328. power of legislature of a state to make provision with respect to elections to such legislature: subject to the provisions of this constitution and in so far as provision in that behalf is not made by parliament, the legislature of a state may from time to time by law make provision with respect to all matters relating to, or in connection with, the elections to the house or either house of the legislature of the state including the preparation of electoral rolls and all other matters necessary for securing the due constitution of such house or houses.
Article 329. bar to interference by courts in electoral matters: notwithstanding anything in this constitution — 

 

(a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 327 or article 328, shall not be called in question in any court;

 

(b) no election to either house of parliament or to the house or either house of the legislature of a state shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as may be provided for by or under any law made by the appropriate legislature.
Article 330. reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the house of the people: (1) seats shall be reserved in the house of the people for —

 

(a) the scheduled castes;

 

(b) the scheduled tribes except the scheduled tribes in the autonomous districts of assam; and

 

(c) the scheduled tribes in the autonomous districts of assam.

 

(2) the number of seats reserved in any state or union territory for the scheduled castes or the scheduled tribes under clause (1) shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats allotted to that state 2 [or union territory] in the house of the people as the population of the scheduled castes in the state or union territory or of the scheduled tribes in the state or union territory or part of the state or union territory, as the case may be, in respect of which seats are so reserved, bears to the total population of the state or union territory.

 

(3) notwithstanding anything contained in clause (2), the number of seats reserved in the house of the people for the scheduled tribes in the autonomous districts of assam shall bear to the total number of seats allotted to that state a proportion not less than the population of the scheduled tribes in the said autonomous districts bears to the total population of the state.

 

explanation —in this article and in article 332, the expression “population” means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published:

 

    provided that the reference in this explanation to the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published shall, until the relevant figures for the first census taken after the year 2026 have been published, be construed as a reference to the 2001 census.
Article 331. representation of the anglo-indian community in the house of the people: notwithstanding anything in article 81, the president may, if he is of opinion that the anglo-indian community is not adequately represented in the house of the people, nominate not more than two members of that community to the house of the people.
Article 333. representation of the anglo-indian community in the legislative assemblies of the states: notwithstanding anything in article 170, the governor of a state may, if he is of opinion that the anglo-indian community needs representation in the legislative assembly of the state and is not adequately represented therein, nominate one member of that community to the assembly.
Article 334. reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period: notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this part, the provisions of this constitution relating to —

 

(a) the reservation of seats for the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes in the house of the people and in the legislative assemblies of the states; and

 

(b) the representation of the anglo-indian community in the house of the people and in the legislative assemblies of the states by nomination,

 

shall cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of eighty years in respect of clause (a) and seventy years in respect of clause (b) from the commencement of this constitution:

 

    provided that nothing in this article shall affect any representation in the house of the people or in the legislative assembly of a state until the dissolution of the then existing house or assembly, as the case may be.