TheVixhal/Indian_Constitution huggingface dataset:
Article 335. claims of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes to services and posts: the claims of the members of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes shall be taken into consideration, consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration, in the making of appointments to services and posts in connection with the affairs of the union or of a state:

 

     provided that nothing in this article shall prevent in making of any provision in favour of the members of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes for relaxation in qualifying marks in any examination or lowering the standards of evaluation, for reservation in matters of promotion to any class or classes of services or posts in connection with the affairs of the union or of a state.
Article 336. special provision for anglo-indian community in certain services: (1) during the first two years after the commencement of this constitution, appointments of members of the anglo-indian community to posts in the railway, customs, postal and telegraph services of the union shall be made on the same basis as immediately before the fifteenth day of august, 1947.

 

during every succeeding period of two years, the number of posts reserved for the members of the said community in the said services shall, as nearly as possible, be less by ten per cent. than the numbers so reserved during the immediately preceding period of two years:

 

     provided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this constitution all such reservations shall cease.

 

(2) nothing in clause (1) shall bar the appointment of members of the anglo-indian community to posts other than, or in addition to, those reserved for the community under that clause if such members are found qualified for appointment on merit as compared with the members of other communities.
Article 337. special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of anglo-indian community: during the first three financial years after the commencement of this constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the union and by each state for the benefit of the anglo-indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of march, 1948.

 

during every succeeding period of three years the grants may be less by ten per cent. than those for the immediately preceding period of three years :

 

     provided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this constitution such grants, to the extent to which they are a special concession to the angloindian community, shall cease:

 

     provided further that no educational institution shall be entitled to receive any grant under this article unless at least forty per cent. of the annual admissions therein are made available to members of communities other than the anglo-indian community.
Article 339. control of the union over the administration of scheduled areas and the welfare of scheduled tribes: (1) the president may at any time and shall, at the expiration of ten years from the commencement of this constitution by order appoint a commission to report on the administration of the scheduled areas and the welfare of the scheduled tribes in the states .

 

  the order may define the composition, powers and procedure of the commission and may contain such incidental or ancillary provisions as the president may consider necessary or desirable.

 

(2) the executive power of the union shall extend to the giving of directions to a state as to the drawing up and execution of schemes specified in the direction to be essential for the welfare of the scheduled tribes in the state.
Article 340. appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes: (1) the president may by order appoint a commission consisting of such persons as he thinks fit to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes within the territory of india and the difficulties under which they labour and to make recommendations as to the steps that should be taken by the union or any state to remove such difficulties and to improve their condition and as to the grants that should be made for the purpose by the union or any state and the conditions subject to which such grants should be made, and the order appointing such commission shall define the procedure to be followed by the commission.

 

(2) a commission so appointed shall investigate the matters referred to them and present to the president a report setting out the facts as found by them and making such recommendations as they think proper.

 

(3) the president shall cause a copy of the report so presented together with a memorandum explaining the action taken thereon to be laid before each house of parliament.
Article 341. scheduled castes: (1) the president 2 [may with respect to any state 3 [or union territory], and where it is a state, after consultation with the governor thereof, by public notification, specify the castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of this constitution be deemed to be scheduled castes in relation to that state 2[or union territory, as the case may be.

 

(2) parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of scheduled castes specified in a notification issued under clause (1) any caste, race or tribe or part of or group within any caste, race or tribe, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification.
Article 342. scheduled tribes: (1) the president may with respect to any state or union territory, and where it is a state 4, after consultation with the governor thereof, by public notification6 , specify the tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purposes of this constitution be deemed to be scheduled tribes in relation to that state or union territory, as the case may be.

 

(2) parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of scheduled tribes specified in a notification issued under clause (1) any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification.
Article 343. official language of the union: (1) the official language of the union shall be hindi in devanagari script.

the form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the union shall be the international form of indian numerals.

 

(2) notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this constitution, the english language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement:

 

   provided that the president may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the hindi language in addition to the english language and of the devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the union.

 

(3) notwithstanding anything in this article, parliament may by law provide for the use, after the said period of fifteen years, of —

 

(a) the english language, or

 

(b) the devanagari form of numerals,

 

for such purposes as may be specified in the law.
Article 344. commission and committee of parliament on official language: (1) the president shall, at the expiration of five years from the commencement of this constitution and thereafter at the expiration of ten years from such commencement, by order constitute a commission which shall consist of a chairman and such other members representing the different languages specified in the eighth schedule as the president may appoint, and the order shall define the procedure to be followed by the commission.

 

(2) it shall be the duty of the commission to make recommendations to the president as to —

 

(a) the progressive use of the hindi language for the official purposes of the union;

 

(b) restrictions on the use of the english language for all or any of the official purposes of the union;

 

(c) the language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in article 348;

 

(d) the form of numerals to be used for any one or more specified purposes of the union;

 

(e) any other matter referred to the commission by the president as regards the official language of the union and the language for communication between the union and a state or between one state and another and their use.

 

(3) in making their recommendations under clause (2), the commission shall have due regard to the industrial, cultural and scientific advancement of india, and the just claims and the interests of persons belonging to the non-hindi speaking areas in regard to the public services.

 

(4) there shall be constituted a committee consisting of thirty members, of whom twenty shall be members of the house of the people and ten shall be members of the council of states to be elected respectively by the members of the house of the people and the members of the council of states in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.

 

(5) it shall be the duty of the committee to examine the recommendations of the commission constituted under clause (1) and to report to the president their opinion thereon.

 

(6) notwithstanding anything in article 343, the president may, after consideration of the report referred to in clause (5), issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of that report.
Article 345. official language or languages of a state: subject to the provisions of articles 346 and 347, the legislature of a state may by law adopt any one or more of the languages in use in the state or hindi as the language or languages to be used for all or any of the official purposes of that state:

 

   provided that, until the legislature of the state otherwise provides by law, the english language shall continue to be used for those official purposes within the state for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of this constitution.
Article 346. official language for communication between one state and another or between a state and the union: the language for the time being authorised for use in the union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one state and another state and between a state and the union:

 

   provided that if two or more states agree that the hindi language should be the official language for communication between such states, that language may be used for such communication.
Article 347. special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a state: on a demand being made in that behalf the president may, if he is satisfied that a substantial proportion of the population of a state desire the use of any language spoken by them to be recognised by that state, direct that such language shall also be officially recognised throughout that state or any part thereof for such purpose as he may specify.
Article 348. language to be used in the supreme court and in the high courts and for acts, bills, etc: (1) notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this part, until parliament by law otherwise provides —

 

(a) all proceedings in the supreme court and in every high court,

 

(b) the authoritative texts —

 

(i) of all bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be moved in either house of parliament or in the house or either house of the legislature of a state,

 

(ii) of all acts passed by parliament or the legislature of a state and of all ordinances promulgated by the president or the governor of a state, and

 

(iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under this constitution or under any law made by parliament or the legislature of a state,

 

shall be in the english language.

 

(2) notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (a) of clause (1), the governor of a state may, with the previous consent of the president, authorise the use of the hindi language, or any other language used for any official purposes of the state, in proceedings in the high court having its principal seat in that state: provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any judgment, decree or order passed or made by such high court.

 

(3) notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), where the legislature of a state has prescribed any language other than the english language for use in bills introduced in, or acts passed by, the legislature of the state or in ordinances promulgated by the governor of the state or in any order, rule, regulation or bye-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause, a translation of the same in the english language published under the authority of the governor of the state in the official gazette of that state shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in the english language under this article.
Article 349. special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language: during the period of fifteen years from the commencement of this constitution, no bill or amendment making provision for the language to be used for any of the purposes mentioned in clause (1) of article 348 shall be introduced or moved in either house of parliament without the previous sanction of the president, and the president shall not give his sanction to the introduction of any such bill or the moving of any such amendment except after he has taken into consideration the recommendations of the commission constituted under clause (1) of article 344 and the report of the committee constituted under clause (4) of that article.
Article 350. language to be used in representations for redress of grievances: every person shall be entitled to submit a representation for the redress of any grievance to any officer or authority of the union or a state in any of the languages used in the union or in the state, as the case may be.
Article 350A. facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage: it shall be the endeavour of every state and of every local authority within the state to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups; and the president may issue such directions to any state as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities.
Article 350B. special officer for linguistic minorities: (1) there shall be a special officer for linguistic minorities to be appointed by the president.

 

(2) it shall be the duty of the special officer to investigate all matters relating to the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under this constitution and report to the president upon those matters at such intervals as the president may direct, and the president shall cause all such reports to be laid before each house of parliament, and sent to the governments of the states concerned.
Article 351. directive for development of the hindi language: it shall be the duty of the union to promote the spread of the hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of india and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and expressions used in hindustani and in the other languages of india specified in the eighth schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
Article 353. effect of proclamation of emergency: while a proclamation of emergency is in operation, then —

 

(a) notwithstanding anything in this constitution, the executive power of the union shall extend to the giving of directions to any state as to the manner in which the executive power thereof is to be exercised;

 

(b) the power of parliament to make laws with respect to any matter shall include power to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the union or officers and authorities of the union as respects that matter, notwithstanding that it is one which is not enumerated in the union list:

 

   provided that where a proclamation of emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of india, —

 

(i) the executive power of the union to give directions under clause (a), and

 

(ii) the power of parliament to make laws under clause (b),

 

shall also extend to any state other than a state in which or in any part of which the proclamation of emergency is in operation if and in so far as the security of india or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of india in which the proclamation of emergency is in operation.
Article 354. application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a proclamation of emergency is in operation: (1) the president may, while a proclamation of emergency is in operation, by order direct that all or any of the provisions of articles 268 to 279 shall for such period, not extending in any case beyond the expiration of the financial year in which such proclamation ceases to operate, as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to such exceptions or modifications as he thinks fit.

 

(2) every order made under clause (1) shall, as soon as may be after it is made, be laid before each house of parliament.
Article 355. duty of the union to protect states against external aggression and internal disturbance: it shall be the duty of the union to protect every state against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the government of every state is carried on in accordance with the provisions of this constitution
Article 357. exercise of legislative powers under proclamation issued under article 356: (1) where by a proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 356, it has been declared that the powers of the legislature of the state shall be exercisable by or under the authority of parliament, it shall be competent —

 

(a) for parliament to confer on the president the power of the legislature of the state to make laws, and to authorise the president to delegate, subject to such conditions as he may think fit to impose, the power so conferred to any other authority to be specified by him in that behalf;

 

(b) for parliament, or for the president or other authority in whom such power to make laws is vested under sub-clause (a), to make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the union or officers and authorities thereof;

 

(c) for the president to authorise when the house of the people is not in session expenditure from the consolidated fund of the state pending the sanction of such expenditure by parliament.

 

(2) any law made in exercise of the power of the legislature of the state by parliament or the president or other authority referred to in sub-clause (a) of clause (1) which parliament or the president or such other authority would not, but for the issue of a proclamation under article 356, have been competent to make shall, after the proclamation has ceased to operate, continue in force until altered or repealed or amended by a competent legislature or other authority.
Article 358. suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies: (1) while a proclamation of emergency declaring that the security of india or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by war or by external aggression is in operation, nothing in article 19 shall restrict the power of the state as defined in part iii to make any law or to take any executive action which the state would but for the provisions contained in that part be competent to make or to take, but any law so made shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect as soon as the proclamation ceases to operate, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the law so ceases to have effect:

 

   provided that where such proclamation of emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of india, any such law may be made, or any such executive action may be taken, under this article in relation to or in any state or union territory in which or in any part of which the proclamation of emergency is not in operation, if and in so far as the security of india or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of india in which the proclamation of emergency is in operation.

 

(2) nothing in clause (1) shall apply —

 

(a) to any law which does not contain a recital to the effect that such law is in relation to the proclamation of emergency in operation when it is made; or

 

(b) to any executive action taken otherwise than under a law containing such a recital.
Article 359. suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by part iii during emergencies: (1) where a proclamation of emergency is in operation, the president may by order declare that the right to move any court for the enforcement of such of the rights conferred by part iii (except articles 20 and 21) as may be mentioned in the order and all proceedings pending in any court for the enforcement of the rights so mentioned shall remain suspended for the period during which the proclamation is in force or for such shorter period as may be specified in the order.

 

(1a) while an order made under clause (1) mentioning any of the rights conferred by part iii (except articles 20 and 21) is in operation, nothing in that part conferring those rights shall restrict the power of the state as defined in the said part to make any law or to take any executive action which the state would but for the provisions contained in that part be competent to make or to take, but any law so made shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect as soon as the order aforesaid ceases to operate, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the law so ceases to have effect:

 

   provided that where a proclamation of emergency is in operation only in any part of the territory of india, any such law may be made, or any such executive action may be taken, under this article in relation to or in any state or union territory in which or in any part of which the proclamation of emergency is not in operation, if and in so far as the security of india or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of india in which the proclamation of emergency is in operation.

 

(1b) nothing in clause (1a) shall apply —

 

(a) to any law which does not contain a recital to the effect that such law is in relation to the proclamation of emergency in operation when it is made; or

 

(b) to any executive action taken otherwise than under a law containing such a recital.(

 

(2) an order made as aforesaid may extend to the whole or any part of the territory of india:

 

   provided that where a proclamation of emergency is in operation only in a part of the territory of india, any such order shall not extend to any other part of the territory of india unless the president, being satisfied that the security of india or any part of the territory thereof is threatened by activities in or in relation to the part of the territory of india in which the proclamation of emergency is in operation, considers such extension to be necessary. 

 

(3) every order made under clause (1) shall, as soon as may be after it is made, be laid before each house of parliament.